Washington v. McAuliffe et al

Filing 78

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 1/11/2018. (slt)

CLERKS öFFI U. . ST.
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TORREY LAVELL W ASHI
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M EM O R AN DU M O PI I N
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By:

H on.M i hae F. r
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Chi Uni St esD i ri Judge
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st ct

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m miy. antf es
r vi wi t r c d, heco utgr nt t K e f def nda s m o i t dimis gr nt i pa'a
e e ng he e or t
t ' a s he e e e nt ' ton o s s , a s n t nd
t

d n e i p r tesaedee d n s moinf rs mmayj dg n , nddr cstesae
e is n a th tt fn a t' to o u r u me t a ie t h tt

d fn a t t fl amoi nfrsz z j d me t
ee d ns o ie to o l
mmay u g n .
1.

Pli ifi a obs r a Ra t f ra Onei
a ntf s n e v nt sa a in.
mpora tne ofhi f t i t g ow hi hai
tnt e t
s aih s o r
s r
t c a s yl i dr adl ks A no he i pora t ne i t no c um e f
m ut nd t ed n e oc .
t rm
tnt e t s o t ons
oods c t i ng a
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ir o ii he m ndedve iid c pli ,Plitf a fldamoint a nd( No. 9 ta he
rfe om ant anifh d ie
to o me ECF 1 ) h t

s b e u nl wih r w ( No 2 ) Co sq nl,h c u t imis dtemoint a nd( No 2 , n
u sq e t tde ECF . 0 . n e ue t te o r ds se h to o me ECF . 2)a d
y
y
t tc e soft wihdr moto t amendar notbeor t cou t
ha ontnt he t awn in o
e
f e he r.
gThec utpr vi l g a e apr t tveo de a tdic r bas d o t sde e e. Se e. ,Hola
ot' e ousy r ntd
oeci r r bou ' ove y e n hi f ns
s
e. c. l nd

e rlOv r of . rigo , 6 F.d1 7 ,1 8 (0hCi. 0 )
x e. ed rfv Harn tn 2 8 3 1 9 1 5 1 t r 2 01.

a ma pr uc ,ncudng e Pl i ifhasr c i d t VDOC' Com mon Fa eM e
ni l od t i l i gg. antf
e eve he
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r
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i
co n r ' i c 4. mmo r s ei iu it o n t s o e ei iu
)
dit r nee c nnotbem e by f
e a y ds a
t oodss r d on t M ase M e u.
e ve
he
tr n
TheVDOC ha c ne Pli ifi s ve a prs .Pli ifwa a Notoway
s oo d antf n e r l ions antf s t l

Co rcin l n e (W o twa ' fo J n t Au u t2 4 wa a Ri e No t Co rcin l
re to a Ce tr G to y' r m u e o g s 01 , s t v r rh re to a
)
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n e çtv r rh' ' m
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rs n C P' ic rl , 01 an ifs li o c l l x re e the e hre
W
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ni
prs un i hec me e t sa to no e rirt n Se e be 28 201
ions tl om nc d hi ci n
a le ha ptm r , 6.
A.

Pli ifpr e t fvebr d is a utt te t ntofhi r lgi bei f a lvi
a ntf es n s i
oa s ues bo he r a me
s ei ous le s nd i ng
c to i t VDOC snc 201 Pli ifs e dn a a deca a o y a e t bl
ondii ns n he
i e 4. antf e ks m ges nd lr t r nd quia e
r le .
e if
Fis,a uni ntfe c r c i ofi e f r i y c Pl ntf sdr dl ksa No t y
rt 'n de iid ore tonal fc r o cbl ut ai if ea oc t towa

o J n 3, 01 Plitf a o j ce a t etme e pli n ta heh d g o h sh it u
n u e 2 4. an ifh d b e td t h i , x anig h t a r wn i ar mc t
f fveye r i a co da wih hi r lgi usbe if . Pli ifa g t tt ha r utvi a e
or i
a s n c r nce t s e i o
le s antf r ues ha he ic olt d
f der la s a e rght .
e a nd t t i s

S c nd VDOC Op rtn P o e t e(OP' 8 4. t a ul f r e hi t l ei
eo ;
e ai g r c dl ; ' 6 1 mlwf l o c s m o i n
r G )
y
v
undul r srci c tonsofc i m e .3 Pli ifc
y e titve ondii
onfne nt antf ompli t ti a e whogr w t r
ans ha nm t s
o hei
hai f r lgi pup os smus beplc i s gr ga i f f ii t c
r or ei ous
e
t
a ed n e e ton or a lng o ompl wih OP 86 1 s
y t
4. '

gr i sa ds Pl i ifa l eshewashe d i s gr ga i f nea l ei m o hsa Ri r
oom ng t ndar . antf leg
l n e e ton or ry ght nt t vi

Nolha t nmo dt W RSP' Vi aorHousngUni (cli Pod' , c i as ca
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t
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3Theparisciet t ve so oft OP efe ieA ugus 1 201 Thus t c 'co i r t tv son
te t o he r in he
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t , 6.
, he oul nsde s ha eri
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housnguni f i aeswho r f et c t i hai. I a e i Pha eIoft HarPod ha
i
t or nm t
e us o ut her r nm t s n s
he i
ve
mor r src i c tonsofc ne e t n i t si Pha e1 ori Ge r lPopulto
e e titve ondii
ov m nt ha nma e n s 1 n ne a
a i n.

Pli tf Ctre e p re cn Sc z p rni,b i lrd s r e , TS (n qIED'fo te e
anifç a td x e in i g hio h e a glpoa iod r P D, a d I 'r m h s
s
mqr r src i c tons
e e titve ondii .
Pli iff rhe c pli t tOP 864. al f m ae i t st havet rharl r
a ntf u t r om a ns ha
1 lows e l nma e o
hei i onge
a

4

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nd syl d i pong al butdoe notalow t s m ef mal i a e . Pl i ifbe ivest tt
te n
is
s
l he a or e nm t s antf le ha he

pr biedhai syl s i l ng dr adl ks t r tpe eofAf ia de c nti vi l to of
ohi t
r t e , ncudi
e oc , a ge opl
rc n s e n o ai n
G e m ofExpr son,'t Rei i La Us a I tt tonalze Pe s Ac
s edo
Fr
es i ' he lg ous nd e nd nsiu i i d r ons t

(G PA',t Fr Execs Clus ,t Equa Pr e tonClus a Se ton 1 i Adil I
G
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l otci a e, nd ci 6 n ce
oft Vigi a Co tt ton.
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r
the t f e v s
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nd
o
c r ea pl s Hai Pod i t s Pli tf co a nst tW RSP kic n sa fa de e nt
oe c nd nih r
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t he t f nd f nda
Gr gg,whoi t VDOC Ditcin, notal w a s tt ef re i Rasa a i 'f
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ubsiut o gg n t f rans oods
at
lhough t y al s tt t f por i M usi s f ds Pli ife a nst tt VDOC
he low ubsiu es or k n
lm ' oo . antf xpli ha he
us d t s r e aç t f ra M e ' i hast a lged d si ton ofbe ng t o y me e r
e o e v ç a a i n nu'but t
Ras
he le
itnc i
i he nl nu ve
dico i
s ntnuedby t VDOC.Pl i iff rhe co ai t tdef nda sKi Co lns Cooke,
he
antf u t r mpl ns ha e nt ng, li ,

a d Co l a ela l b c us t o r cina o tc r aen td i gterd s rbed j b 't
n li r ibe e a e t re to l fi es r o on h i e c i l) o s'o
ns
c
r por i de t f pori nsori ore tme ie st kic n sa f ai ifbei ve t e
e t na quae ood to
nc r c nu t m o the t f .Pl ntf le s hes
is sa
s ue boutf vi a e RLU I , he Cr a U nus lPlni hm e s Cl us ,t Equa
ood ol t
PA t
uel nd
ua l s nt a e he
l

Pr t c i n Cl us ,a Seci n 1 i Aril Ioft Vig ni Co tt i
o e to a e nd to 6 n tc e
he r i a nsi on.
m
Fo t K e f Co m i s r doe no i or V D OC i a e whi h ie sa ia e f
ur h, e e m s a y
s t nf m
nm t s c t m va l bl or
pur has cont i e a t ug i i onusi m a e w hi h pr
c e
a n gg lho h t nf
n t s c oduc sa e K os r a H a a . Pl i if
t r
he nd l l a ntf
4ye , Plitf c
t an ifa knowl st tmal andf l i t sar nots
edge ha e
emae nma e e
uppos t ha dr dl ks
ed o ve ea oc .

3

bele st tdee nt O' nn, i a Ra ph, a eorweeM a r oft Ke f
ive ha fnda s Qui W t nd ndol who r
t
r nages he e e
Co mis r a W RSP, tve Norh,a Noto
m say t
Ii r t nd
tway, e pe tvey,a er ponsbl f mar ng
r s c i l r es i e or ki

pr t a Kos ra Haa.Cons que l Pli ifbeivesO' r s W its a
oducs s he nd ll
e nty, antf le
Quim', t', nd
Ra ph' f iur st m a k pr t asco ani e vi l t r lgi rght,t Cr la
ndol s al e o r oduc s
nt i ng gg o a e ei ous i s he ue nd
U nus lPuni hm e sCl us a t Equa Pr e ton Cl us
ua
s nt a e, nd he
l ot c i
a e.
La ty, RSP s af R a ze ,Com bs a Fl m i a V D O C saf mn a Bi ns
sl W
t f vi e
, nd e ng nd
t fEl nd ve

alow t e cvi rg svi a i t occ by ( l ti t g i va epr s go a1 t wa
l hes i l i ht oltons o ur t e tng he re nc oce s
not
l he y
t o h. Fo e mpl Pl i ifc
hr ug ' r xa e, antf ompl i t tRa z e,a t W RSP Gre nc Coor na or
'
ans ha vi e s he
i va e
di t ,

rj ce g iv nc sa rp ttv d s iet m alg dyb i a o t if rn is e .
ee td re a e s e eiie e pt he le e l eng b u dfee t su s
Co eq nty, antf bei vest tRa z ,Combs Fl mi Elm ,a Bi nsa ela e f r
ns ue l Pl i if le ha vi ee
, e ng, n nd ve r i bl o
tc ve i up' t o he a l ge c vi r g svi a i .
ç o rng ' he t r le d i l i ht ol tons
II.
A.

Fe e a Ru eo Cii Pr c d r 1 ( ( ) r t ds sa wh naplitf f i çosae
d r l l f v l o e u e 2b)6 pemis imis l e
an if al i tt
st
acam u nwh c rle'a b g a td. Tos r i eaRu e1 ( )6 mo int ds s ,
li po ih eifc n e rn e '
' uvv
l 2 b ( ) to o imis a
compl i m us c 'an s t intt a t t sa eac am t r le t ti pl usbl o isf e.''
ant t ont i ufk e l c s o t t l i o e if ha s a i e n t ac
f

Bel l Co v Two l , 5 U. 5 4 5 0( 0 7 .Th c mpan ' t ta t l l g to
lAt. p. . mb y 5 0 S. 4 , 7 2 0 ) é o lits ûl cua al ains
g
e
m us be e ug t r i e a r g t r le a vet s ul tve l ve . l a 555.
t no h o a s i ht o e i f bo he pec a i e l' d. t
'
A co tm us c t ue f t a l ga i i t nonm ovi pa t s f vora t e tt m
ur
t ons r ac ual le tons n he
ng r y' a
nd r a he

a tu , u ii G o s b t wi r s e tt g c mp an 'qlg lç n l ins' Dit 2 .
s r e b t t s ç t o omd t e p c o a o lits e a o cuso - s. 8
n
h
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Unie M i W or r ofAm .l v. el eCoa Com.609F. 1083,1 ( hCi.
td ne kes
. nc. W lmor
l
,
2d
085 4t r

1979 .A co twila ce neihe çega co l i drwn fo t fcs' G n'ntd
)
ur l c pt t r t l ncusons a r m he a t'nori
l
unwa a e
i e e e ,t r as bl c l i ,ora p l e s ' E.Shor M kt . l v. D .A s oc .Lt
nf r nc s m e ona e onc us ons
r m nt .'
e
ss nc. J.
s s d.
4

P'h p 21 F.d 1 5 1 0(t Ci. 0 0 .Fu e ,t j ra baer ctl o teee n so a
s i , 3 3 7 , 8 4h r 2 0 ) dh r tth e d r e ias f h lme t f
l
c us ofa ton,s ppored by m e e conc us y s a e e s do no s fce ' A s r tv. uba ,
a e
ci u
t
r
l or t t m nt ,
t uf i .' hc of I l

5 6U. 6 2, 7 ( 0 ) Ony a tracam i sae a e uaeyma it e ç s p o tdb
5 S. 6 6 8 20 9 . l fe li s ttd d q tl y t h n G u p re y
be
s
howi a s to f c sco it ntwih t alegai nsi t c
ng ny e f a t nsse
t he l to n he ompli t' Twom bl 550 U. a
an .
'
y,
S. t
563.
B.

A pa t i e ildt s mmayj g n i tep e dn s t ed sl s dmaeil o sl,
ry s nt e o u r ud me t f h' la ig ,h ico e tras n e
t
a any a fda t s
nd
fi vis how t tt r i no g nui diput a t a m ae ilf c . Fe R.Ci P.
ha he e s
e ne s e s o ny tra a t d.
v.

5 () M aeil a t aet o en c sayt etb iht eee nso ap ry sc u eo a to
6 a . tra f cs r h s e e sr o sa ls H lme t f a t' a s f cin.
And ro v Lie t Lo b l c, 7 U.. 4 , 4 ( 9 6 .A g nun d s u eo maeil a t
es n . b ry b ysn .4 7 S 2 2 2 8 1 8 ) e ie ip t f tra f c
e ssi,i vi wi t r c d a a1r s na ei e e e d a t r fom i alg mos
xit f n e ng he e or nd 1 ea o bl nf r nc s r wn he er n i ht t
f vor bl t t non- ovi pa t a r as bl f tfnde c d r t ' a ver c f t nona a e o he
m ng r y, e ona e ac - i r oul e' n
ul
di t or he

mova .L. Them ovi pa t hast blr n ofs wi - t ha i,poi i o t t diti t
nt d
a
ng ry
he zde
ho ng s t s ntng ut o he src
t
c '- t tt r i a a e e ofe de t s
out ha he e s n bs nc
t
vi nce o uppo ' t no ovi pa t s c s ' Ce ot x
l he nm ng r y' a e.
t
' l e

Co . Cart 4 7U. 31 , 25( 9 6 .l t mo a ts tsist i b r e ,he t en n
p v. tet 7 S. 7 3 1 8 ) f he v n aife hs u d n t n h o m o ntm us s tf t s ii f c st tde o ta et e se eofage ne d s eoff t
va
t e orh pecfc a t ha m nsr t he xitnc
nui iput
ac

f rtil 1 . t 2 - 4.A p ry i e tte t s mmayj g n i ter c r a awh l c u d
o ri. d a 3 2 2
a t s nild o u r ud me t f h e o d s o e o l
notlad ar tona tiroff c t tnd i f voroft no m ova .W iln sv.Grfi 952 F.
e
ai l re
ato i n a
he nnt lim
ifn,
2d

8 0, 2 ( t Ci. 9 ) ç eeu u p re s c lto . .sno e o g t d fa as mma y
2 8 3 4h r 1 91. ç r ns p o td pe u ain . i t n u h o ee t u r
M
j g n mo in' En i v. tl sno Bu . Ed c Ra is n .5 F.d 5 , 2( t Ci.
ud me t to . n s Na' As ' f s & u . do l c, 3 3 5 6 '4h r
'
1 . A pli ifc nnotus ars et amoi f s
995)
antf n
e e pons o
ton or ummayj me t n ndorc rc
r udg nt o me
ore t
acompli c le dbyt moi f s
ant halnge
he ton or ummar j
y udgme .Cl nae v. c vit555F.
nt oani r M De t,
3d
324, ( hCi.2009)
336 4t r
.

A gove n ntot a s dt rj 1 ma i kequaiidi l t asade e ei
r me fkil ue mde 983 y nvo
lfe mmlniy
f ns n

a idviu lc p ct Co pe v S e a 7 5F.d 1 3 1 8( t Ci. 01 )(iigM i hel
n n i d a aai
y. o r . he h n, 3 3 5 , 5 4h r 2 3 ctn t lv.
c
Fo s t 4 2U. 51'5 6( 9 5 ) tl d crneo q aiidi liy Gaa c st
rvh, 7 S. 1 2 1 8 ).t- o ti f u lfe mml t b ln e wo
,
-he
n
i
mpora i e esst ne t hol publcofi il ac ount bl whe t y e r iepowe
tnt nt r t-he ed o d
i fca s c a e
n he xe c s
r
ir s nsbl a t nee t s ed ofii l fom ha a s e ,d sr c i a la lt whe
re po i y nd he d o hi l fc a s r
r s m nt ita ton, nd ibiiy
n

t e p ro m t erd te ra o a l ' S t v. v 7 1F.d95 1 ( t Ci. 01 )( u t
h y ef r h i uis e s n by.' mi Ra , 8 3 , 00 4h r 2 5 q oi
' h
ng
Pe r o v. la a , 5 U. 2 , 1( 0 ).Theç ai di miya ay i tpial
a s n Calh n 5 5 S. 23 23 20 9)
ku lfe mmt t n l ss y c ly
i ov st i uiis ()wh t e t plitf h se tbih dt ev oaino ac nsi to l
nv le wo nq re : 1 eh r he anif a sa ls e h ilto f o t u ina
t
rg ta ()wh t e t t ih wa ce rye tbih da t etmeo t ealg dv oain'
i h, nd 2 eh r ha rg t s la l sa l e t h i f h le e i lto .
s
'
Ra bv Cn bel 7 5F.d8 6 8 1(t Ci. 01 ) s eI r Ale ,1 6F.d58 , 9 ( t
u . mp l, 8 3 7 , 8 4h r 2 5 ; e n e ln 0 3 2 5 3 4h
Ci.1 9 )(1 no fca ma cam q lfe i miya ln a lsa to aeno ce ry
r 9 7 çA) fiil y li uaiid mmt t s o g s l cins r t lal
g
i
etbihe t b be o teb u aiso l sd srto r a t o iy' .A ç o r ma a d e s
sa ls d o e y nd h o nd re f l ic einay uh rt .) G u t y d rs
i
'
c
t s t quesi i t or r...t twilbe tf c lt t t f ra efii ntdiposton of
he e wo
tons n he de
ha l s a iiae he ai nd fc e s ii

e c c s . Esaeo Ar to v Vi . f ne rt 81 F.d 8 2, 9 (t Ci. 1 )(n en l
a h a e' tt f msr ng . l o Pi hu s, 0 3 9 8 8 4h r 20 6 itr a
'
l
q tto ma k o te ) A plitf' cam tu vv ss mmayj g n , o v r o l i
uoain r s mitd . anifs li ç r ie u r ud me t h we e, ny f
s
gh c u t a we l)b t q e to si teafr tve' I .
t e o rl ns rs oh u sin n h fimai . d
'
D.

1.

RIU I a t Fr e Exe c s Cl us
, PA nd he e
rie a e

An i a e' rghtt r lgi e r s mus bebaa e wih aprs si tt i
nm t s i o ei ous xe cie
t
lnc d t
ion' nsiutonal

nee ofs trt dicplne,a ge r la i sr to Cute ' W iki o 5 U . 709,722
ds ecliy, s i i nd ne a dm nitai n. trv. l ns n, 44 b.

( 0 ) O' ne'. tt o S a z , 8 U. 3 2 3 8 4 ( 9 7 .RLUI A a fr sh i he e
20 5 ; Lo v Esae f h ba z 4 2 S. 4 , 4 - 9 1 8 )
P fod eg tn d

6

pr t c i n t aprs r sr lgi use r ie, r st Fis Ame m e ' Fr Exe cs
o e to o ione ' e i o xe c s whe ea he r t
nd nts ee r ie
Clus i m or de er nta t prs ofii lsde sonsi ci r lgi e r ie.
a e s e f e i l o ion fc a ' cii mpa tng ei ous xe cs

RIUI pr bisgovenme ofiil fom i l as t ta blr n o t
, PA ohi t
r nt fcas r mposng ubsanil zde n he
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13

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