Tucker v. Ratliffe-Walker

Filing 18

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 8/16/2017. (tvt)

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R OA N O K E D I SI N
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BRONSON HOW ARD TUCKER,

Peii n r
tto e ,
DANA RATLI W ALKER,
FFEW ARDEN,
Re ponde .
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CASE NO.7:
16CV00490
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M EM ORANDUM OPI ON
NI
By:Ho GlnE. nr d
n. e Co a
Unied St e Dit itJudge
t ats src

Br on Howa d Tuc r aVigi a i ae pr e ng by c
ons
r
ke , r ni nm t oce di
ouns l fl d t spe ii n f
e , ie hi tto or

a wrt of ha a c pus purua t 28 U. C. j 2254, c lngi t vai t of li
i
be s or , s nt o
S.
hale ng he ldiy
ls
c i m e on a fna or rby t Lync
ontne nt
i l de
he
hbur Ciy Cic tCour c c i hi ofditi i
g t r ui
t onvitng m
srbuton
ofc ai wihi 1000 f e ofa s hoola diti i ofc a ne,t r ors e ntof e e.
oc ne t n ,
et
c
nd srbuton
oc i hid ubs que
f ns
Res
ponde fld a m oto t dim is a Tuc r r ponde m a ng t m a tr rpe f
nt ie
i n o s s , nd
ke es
d, ki he te i or
diposton. Afe r viw oft r or t c tc ude t tt petton mus bedimi s
s ii
tr e e
he ec d, he our oncl s ha he ii
t
s s ed.
1
.

Fac ualB ac ound
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I J 201 Ly hbtr Ciypolc ofi e sa r t d J nnie Be ry on adr g c r ,
n une 0, nc lg t
i e fc r rese e f r ve l
u ha ge
a s agr e t m a co r l d dr g pur has f rt polc .1 Be ry sa td usng c i
nd he e d o ke ntole u
c es o he ie
ve l tre i ocane
i Oc obe 2007; tt tm eoft ti ,s hadus c ai f tle a aha fye r .
n t r
a he i
he ral he
ed oc ne or lr e nd
l as
Be ry me Tuc ri Augus 2010 t o h Lia Guil af ind a ne ghbor Be ry
ve l t ke n
t
hr ug s
l, re nd i
. ve l
s nttm ewih Tuc rand Lia Guilwhe d ugswe epr s nt Be ry s ket De e tveJ
pe i
t
ke
s
l
n r
r e e . ve l po o t c i oel
Hi e a
nkl y boutm a ng ac r l buy fom Tuc ra Lia Guil a on Se e be 30,201
ki
ontoled
r
ke nd s
l, nd,
ptm r
0,
a r nge t pur ha e c i f om Tuc r a a Appl be s r s a a . Be ry m e w ih
ra d o
c s oca ne r
ke t n
e e' e t ur nt
ve l
t t

ofk e swho s a c d he a he ve c ebe or o t i he wih polcer c di e pme .
t r
e r he r nd r hil f e utm ng r t
i e or ng qui nt

i
i

1Be ry' chage w a nole pr eq ed on J r 5, 20 1 bu lfEh )l dt tep lc iwo l be
ve l s r
s l os ui
anuay
1 , t ç se i o h oie t ud
i
e
br
oughtba k ....'TralTr 51.
c
' i .

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.

Ofier ga Be ry $100 t m a t c tole ptr has ,and s dr t Applbe s t
fc s ve ve l
o ke he on r ld lc e
he ove o
e e' o
m e tTuc ra Guil
e
ke nd l.
Upon Be ry' a val Tuc r and Guil e e e Be ry' vehil a di c s d t
ve l s ni , ke
l ntr d ve l s
c e nd s us e he
ptr ha e. Tuc rsf cewasnotvii eon t vi o r or ng,butBe ry i ntfe Tuc ra
lc s
ke ' a
sbl
he de ec di
ve l de i d
ke s
t mal vo c he r on t tpe. Be ry r que t ç it o a whol G' a ha d Tuc r
he e i e a d
he a
f
e ' nd nde
2
ke
ve l e s ed l fy r

$8 Tuc r t k t m one gr bbed t bags of c ane âo li ve cl,a r t r d t
0.
ke oo he
y, a
wo
oc i
m ls hi e nd e u ne o
Be ry' c r Be ry pl c d t t ba ofc ai on he lp,a dr ba k t Hi e
ve l s a . ve l a e he wo gs
oc ne
r a nd ove c o nkl y.

Be ry ga Hi ey t c ai a t r m ari $
ve l ve nkl he oc ne nd he e ilng 20. Of r s a c d Be ry and her
sce s e r he ve l
ve c e bu once a n di no fnd a ot rdrl orm one
hi l t
gai d t i ny he t
gs
y.

The a o a vi o r c d ngs of t e unt r we e a ted i o e de
udi nd de e or i
he nco e
r dmit nt vi nce. The
Applbee' wa wihi 400 f e ofLi ry Chrsin Aca m y. Atti ,Be ry t tfe t t
e s s t n
et
be t
ita
de
ral ve l esii d ha
Tuc rbagge hi coc i i a ditnc i wa t ba wasG oled do a ted s i' lke
ke
d s a ne n
si tve y: he g
l l
r
wn nd i o ts i
ltl wi on e h sdeoft ba ' TralTr 65.
ite ngs
ac i
he g. i .
'
Dti c os - xn i ton,Be ry admit t ts m a f lesa e e swhe s t d
u ng r s e m na i
ve l
ted ha he de as tt m nt
n he ol
Tuc rsf
ke ' onne a t ne t tTuc rdi nots l he c ai Be ry e a ne t ts le t
r tor y ha
ke d
el r oc ne. ve l xpli d ha he id o
Tuc rs f
ke ' onne a t ney be a e s f l pr s lr d by Guila t tTuc ha pl de wih
r tor
c us he et e sze
l nd ha
ker d ea d t
Be ry t s akwih hi a t ne
ve l o pe
t s tor y.
At ti l Hi ey t sii d t t Be ry ma fve c r l buys fom m or t n one
ra, nkl e tfe ha ve l
de i ontoled
r
e ha
pe s a t t s ha a sse polc i fndi pe e t tha outtndi Wa r nt . He
r on, nd ha he d s it d i e n i ng opl ha d sa ng ra s
f rhers a e t the a w a f m d Be r y cr di e a r la e. H e co i m e s ve a as t
u t t t d ha
l ys ot
ve l e bl nd e i bl
nfr d e r l pec s

ofBe ry' t si o ofi r s ar he he a he ve ce f r c r ba a c h,pl ce a
ve l s e tm ny: fce s e c d r nd r hi l o onta nd nd as a d
E i wie'n he poc t
t ve r 'i r ke book,and m o t ed he durng t ta a ton t ough t lve wie,i
l
nior
r i he r ns c i hr
he i
r n

2ç G i awh l g a a dffy( s a o t afaga ' Tra Tr6
< s oe rm n it wal b u h l rm. il . 4.
A
'

ne als s
Pe s 3a d vi muli epho c l. Alo,Hi e a Liut na M m' Soya slse t t
r on, n a tpl
nkl y nd e e nt t
y
r it ned o he
dr ta a ton a i ntfe Tuc r as t ma e voi on t a o. W he polce r n t
ug r ns c i nd de i d
ke
he l
ce
he udi
n i a he
lc ns plt on Tuc ' ve ce, t c r c
ie e ae
kers hi l he a ame ba k a bel ng t Gi r Tuc r t
c s ongi o nge
ke , he
pe ii ne ' m ot .
tto rs her
Anohe de e tve,Da Ba ly,s ti i t Appl be sa obs r ed Tuc rl a t
t r tci
n ie a nsde he
e e' nd e v
ke e ve he
r s a an a m i e be or Be ry a rved t m a t dr pm c e. Tucke s a d out i f
e t ur t
nut f e ve l r i
o ke he ug
has
r t ye
s de or

a oxi a ey t m i e be o e r t ni t t r sal a . The Comm onweat i r e
ppr m t l wo nut s f r e ur ng o he e t z nt
r
lh ntoduc d
Bal y' s v la evi o i o e de e.
ie s ur eil nc de nt vi nc
The de e e pr s nt d a nlmbe ofwine y who t sii d t tBe ry di no ha a
f ns e e e
l r
t s es
e tfe ha ve l d t ve
r putton f tut lne si t c
e a i or r hfl s n he omm l t Furhe ,Tuc rsf r e a nt d co ms ,Lesi
l
miy. t r
ke ' o m r ppoi e t el le
A le , t tfed t the t a sa e ntf o Be ry a utTuc rsca e. He a s c im e
l n esi
ha
ook t t me ' m ve l bo
r
ke , s 4
lo ontr d

t ac ur y of t i e ve ta c i whih c ms l had i r uc d i o e de
he c ac
he nt r iw r ns rpt
c ot e
ntod e nt vi nce whe
n
i ac ng Be ry,s ik a l he sa e e durng t m e tng t ts ha no pur ha e
mpe hi
ve l pect ly r tt m nt i he e i ha he d t c s d
c ai 9om Tuc r
oc ne
ke .

3Beve l tsii d t ts knew t tofi r we ef l ng a wathi he , buts di notknow t i
ha tce s r olowi nd c ng r
ry e tte ha he
he d
her
l ato .
oc ins
4Be ry de c i t cic t nc oft Ale i e viw:
vel s rbed he r umsa es he ln ntr e

Iwa tyn t a e s Lia( ilb cus Liacnb v l c nrliga v r pu h a dl u t
s rig o pp a e s Gul e a e s a e ey o tol nd ey sy n j s
)
n
f l lket tIwastyi t s vemy lf oka be us 1lve i Lync g and t do2t a
et i ha
r ng o a
ie, y, ca e i n
hbur
hey
oo, nd

s esara yatmpe t tk e eyhn a y9o me myc i rna dmyj b. .Lla h ad
h ' le d te td o a e v r tig wa m , hl e n
d
o . ( sj e r
eveyt ng. Shet dmes he d e N hi
r hi
ol
he ar ve ng.

Tra Tr 7 Be el tsi e t ts etetl e (e!lf wa ben tr ae e ...(y LiaGul, . c e'
il . 5. v ry ett d ha h t l i h r ie s ig le tn d
i
f k
l
b ) s ilMr Tu k rs
gilrend.'TralTr 76.Be rysae t ta ra tt nt mi t ofquesi ng,s so dt i e vi
rfi ' i .
ve l ttd ha ûe bou we y nues
toni he t ppe he ntr ew:
lwa n' goi t 1e f Br ns i r pe tt s yi t tlwa onl ha ng hi moneyt tt
s t ng o i or o on n es c o a ng ha
s y ndi m
ha he
polc ga me,t t1woul be a r t byt polc de rme . 1s d 11 notdot sbe a e
ie ve
ha
d
resed he ie pat nt ai '1
hi c us
11 ge are td i wha It d Mr Ale yea afe heas meal a t quesi .
'1 t r se s t ol . ln, h, tr
ked
l bout he
tons
TralTr 71.
i .

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I.
I

Proc dur H i t y
e al s or

Afe ajzy til t eLyn h u g Ciy Cic i Co r c n itd Tu k ro d s b to o
tr l ra, h
r
c b r t rut u t o v ce c e f iG ui n f
co i wihi 1000 f eto a s hoola diti i ofc ane t r ors e ntofe e a
cane t n ,
e f c
nd srbuton
oc i , hid ubs que
f ns nd
s nt nc d hi t t nt yea s i prs n,wih eghtyea s s pe
e e e m o we y r n io
t i
r us nded. Tuc ra
ke ppeae a gti
ld, r zng

t a ()t t lc ur er d i e cu ig e d nc o d u u eb J n ie Be el ,a d ( )t
h t 1 he da o t re n x ldn vie e f r g s y e n fr v ry n 2 he
ti c lte e i fndng t e de e s t i tt c c hi . TheVigi a Cour o Appeas
ral otr n'd n i i he vi nc ufk en o onvi t m
r ni
tf
l
a fnnedt c ctons de ng hi frtas i e ofe r on t m e is a hol ng t tt
fi
he onvi i , nyi
s is sgnm nt ror he rt , nd di ha he
s co a sgn e ofe r rwaspr e a l bare unde V a Su Ct R.5 : 8 be a e Tuc r
e nd s i m nt r o
oc dur ly r d
r . p. . A 1 c us
ke
had f ie t pr e vet i s a ti lwih a r newed moton t srkeorm oto t s tasdet
a ld o es r he s ue t ra t e
i o ti
i n o e i he
ve dit The Supr m e Cour ofVigi a t n de led Tuc r spe ii f appe ,hol ng t t
r c.
e
t
r ni he ri
ke ' tton or
al di ha
t frt as i
he is sgnmentof e r was wihout me i,a t s c
ror
t
rt nd he e ond as i e was pr edtr ly
sgnm nt
oc la l
de a t d be a e i di notaddr s t Vigri Cour ofAppeas'r i a r quied by Va
f ule c us t d
e s he r ila
t
l ulng s e r
.

S p CtR. :7 c( )ii.
u . . 5 1 ()1(i)
Tuc rfl atm ey ha speii i t cr ui c t butt c tde e hi pe ii
ke ied i l bea tton n he ic t our, he our nid s tton
a a m o i t r c i r TheVigi a Supr m eCo ts e nty r f s d Tuc r sha a
nd
ton o e onsde .
r ni
e
ur ubs que l e u e
ke ' be s
a a a m oton f rr hea i
ppe l nd
i o e rng.
1
11.

C urrentPetii
t on

On Ocobe 1 201 Tuc rfl by c ms l atm ey f de a ha aspe ii n unde 28
t r 7, 6, ke ied, ot e , i l e r l be
tto
r

U. C. 22 4 r iigfvecams
S. j 5 , asn i li '
.
1. The e de e aga ns Tuc r w a l galy i uf i nt a a m a t r o f r
vi nc
i t
ke
s e l ns lc e s
t e f ede al
c tt i ll w ;
ons iutona a

Couns l was i f e tve f r f ii t us Be ry' vi t ped sa e e s
e
ne f c i o a lng o e ve l s deo a
tt m nt
whe i pe c ng he ;
n m aM
r

4

3. Co e wa i feci f f ii t c l Gi rTuc ra ade e ewines ;
uns l s ne f tve or a lng o a l nge
ke s f ns t s
4. Co ms wa i feci f f ii t c l Li aGuila ade e ewine s a
t el s ne f tve or a lng o a l s
l s f ns t s ; nd
5. Co ms wa i feci i conne ton wih t pl aba gan pr s .
t el s ne f tve n
ci
t he e r i oce s
Thi ma tr i now be or t c t on Res
s te s
f e he our
ponde ' m oto t dim is Re po n ha
nts
in o s s .
s nde t s
c ede t tTuc rha pr pe l e use hi c am si sae c t
onc d ha
ke s o ry xha t d s l i n t t our.
I
V.

St
andard ofRe e
viw

To obt i f de alha asr le ,a pe ii r mus de
an e r
be ei f
ttone
t monsr t t the i En c t i
ta e ha
s G usody n
i

v oain o t Co sitin o lws o te te o t Untd Sae . 28 U. . j 2 5 (
i lto f he n ttto r a r rais f he ie tt s'
z
'
SC. 2 4 $.
Un e 28U. C. 2 5 4 h we e , fd r l o r ma n tg a tawrto h b a c pu ba e
dr
S. j 2 4 *, o v r a e e a c u t y o rn
i f a e s o s sd
o a ycam t t saec u t e ie o t emeist e st a a j d c to
n n li ha a tt o r d cd d n h rt mls h t du iain:
( )Re utd i a d cso ta wa c nrr t ,o iv l e a t e s n be
1 s le n e iin h t s o ta y o r n o v d n mr a o a l
a iato of c e ry e t bls Fe r lw,a dee m i d by t Supr me
pplc i n , l a l s a ihed de al a s t r ne
he
e
Cour oft Unie St t s or
t he t d a e ;

( )Re utd i ad cso ta wa bae o a l ra o a l d tr n to o t
2 s le n e ii n h t s s d n n l e s n be ee miain f he
n
f t i lgh oft e de eyr s nt i t Stt c t oce di
acs n i t he vi nc e e ed n he ae our pr e ng.
28U. C.j2 4 * . t hee a h r , h saec u tsa plc to o g venn f d rllw i
S.
25 ( ç r , s e e t e tt o r' p iain f o r ig e ea a s
W
c le g d i mus b s o t be no o y er n o , b t o j ci l l ra o a e'
haln e , t t e h wn o
t nl ro e us u be t y l e s n bl.
ve n
'
Ya bor h v. Ge t v 540 U.
r ouu
nr ,
S.

5 ( 0 ) Un e ti sa d r , Ga sae c u ts
20 3 .
d r h s tn ad & q tt o r'
g

de e nai t t a cli l c me i pr l
t nni ton ha
a m a ks rt ecudes f r l ha s r le s l a f i- i
ede a bea ei f o ong s a rm nded

ju ssc ud a r eo te c re t e so t saec u tsd cso ' Ha i go v. c tr 5 2
tit o l ge n h o rcn s f he tt o r' e iin. n n l n Rih e, 6
'
U. 6 ,1 ( 01 )(ne n l u tto o te )
S. 6 01 2 1 i tr a q o ains mi d .
t
To e t bls i f ec i as i t nc ,a pe ii ne m us s
s a ih ne f tve s s a e
tto r
t how t tc m s l spe f
ha ot e ' r onnmw e f l
el

b lw a o j cie sa d r o r a o a ln s a d t t he wa p eu ie b te alg d
eo n b e tv tn a d f e s n b e e s n ha
s rj dc d y h le e
deiintpef ma e. St llnd v.W as nkt 466 U. 668,669 ( 984) Coursa y a
fce ror nc
dcca
hi ron,
S.
1 .
t ppl
sr
tong pr s
e umpto t t c
i n ha ouns ls pe f
e ' ronua e, es i l r ga di ti m a
nc
pecaly e r ng ral nage e t a
m n nd

5

srtgy,wa wili t r ofras bl pr e sona a ssa .J a 68 To de tat
tae
s tln he ange e ona e ofsi l s itnce Z t 9.
monsr e

p eu ie peiin r mus s w tee i a r ao be p o a iiy t t b t f r c t e'
rj d c , t o e
t
t ho h r s e s na l r b b l ha, u o omsls
t
un ofsina er ,t o c
pr e so l ror he utome oft pr e ng woul ha be n difr n. J. a 69
he oc edi
d ve e fe e t . t 4.
l
L
t r alegai ' of consi i
G e l tons'
Ba
tt onal e r a e no s t i nt gr t
m
ror r t ufk e
o mds f ha s r le ; t
or bea ei f he
peii rm us pr f re de e t s
ttone
t ofe vi nc o uppo thi c am s Ni r o v.Le 971F. 11 11
r s l i . cke s n
e,
2d 25, 35

(t Ci. 9 2 .
4h r 1 9 )
V.

Pr e alD e aul
oc dur
f t

TheUrie Stt Supr m e Cour hasl he d t ta sa eprs r sha ascai sm a
lt d a es
e
t
ong l ha t t ione ' be l m
y

n tb e trane b af d rlc u tç n ( )t sae c u t( s d cie t a d e s ( o e
o e n eti d y e ea o r ç
whe 1 a tt o r ha ) e ln d o d rs t s q
h
camsb c u et eprs n rha f i dt me tasaep o e t a rq ie n a d ()th sae
li e a s h io e d al o e tt r c dl l e ur me t' n 2 te tt
e
r
j d me trsso i d p n e ta a e uaesaep o e t a g omd .'M a lsv. o s 5 5
u g n et n n e e d n nd d q t tt r c d l l r t s' p e Th ma , 6
r
'

U. 2 6 2 0( 01 )(uoi W ak rv. ri , 6 U. 3 7 31 ( 01 ).A pr c d r l uei
S. 6 , 8 2 2 q tng le Ma tn 5 2 S. 0 , 6 2 1)
o e u a rl s
ade t çi i i r gua l orc it nty a i d by t sae c ut' a i pe ntl fi does
qua e tf t s e lry onsse l pple
he tt ot ' nd nde nde ç t
i

n tt e e l o af d rlc n tmto lnlig'' Ye tsv.An eo e 1 6 F.d 2 5 26 (t
o d p nd j n e ea o si ina ln .' at
g ln , 6 3 5 , 0 4h
Ci. 9 9 ( u tngAk v. da o , 0U.. 8 7 ( 9 5
r 1 9 ) q oi
e Ol h ma 47 S 6 , 5 1 8 :.
ll a ca m i de a t d,t n pe ii rm us f lon t tc am unls he c n s
Gf li s f ule he ttone
t ai
ha l i
es
a how t t
ha

c u ea d p eu ieo a f n n na mic rig o j siemih e c ehi d f ut' Belv
a s n rj d c r h d me tl s ara e f u tc g t x us s ea l. l .
'
Tnl, 3F.S p 2 6 7 6 6( . Va 2 0 )(ingFihe v AnR ln ,1 3 F.d 8 5 8 4
e 41
u p. d 5 , 7 W D. . 0 6 ct
i s r . eo e 6 3 3 , 4
( t Ci. 1 9 :. The t a s ' pr n rq ie a peiine t d mo tae t a t r we e
4h r 9 8
ç u e' o g e u rs
c
t o r o e nsr t h t hee r
t
l j ci f cor,'e ena t hi dee e,whih i
l e tve a t s' xtr l o s fns
ob
c mpede hi fom r sng hi cam a a
d m r aii s li t n

e rirsa e M u a v.Care,4 7 U..4 , 8 ( 9 6 . Th t rj ie'p o g r q ie a
a l tg . n'
e
y
rir 7 S 78 48 1 8 ) e t eudc ' r n e ur s
p
pe ii rt s
ttone o how t tt al ged c tt tona vi ai n wo ke t hi a m ala s t n i l
ha he le
onsiui l ol to
r d o s c
nd ubsa ta

dia tge i e tng hi e ie ti lwih er r of a c nsi i ma tz . J. a 495.
s dvana , e ci
s ntr la t ro
o tmtonal gnitde - t
I
L

M e n ie t e fnd me tlmic ni g o j tc e c p in rq ie apeiin rt prveh s
a wh l, h u a na s a a e f usie x e to e ur s t o e o o i
t
ac t imoce e wih l w r la e e de e whe he i be e ul t y s i ntfc evi nce
tl r
al
nc
t ç
ne ei bl vi nc t rt
xc paor c e ii
de ,
t swo t e wine sac ount ,orc ii a physc le de e t twa no pr e ed a ti .'
nlt rhy ye t s c s
rtc l
i a vi nc - ha s t es nt t ral'

S hlpv Deo, 1 U. 2 8 3 4( 9 5 .
c u . l 5 3 S. 9 , 2 1 9 )
W .

A nal i
ys s

A. Cl m 1
ai

I Cl m 1 Tuc r a g s t tt e de e wa lga l i uf i ntt c c hi of
n ai , ke r ue ha he vi nc
s e ly ns fc e o onvi t m
diti i ofc ai ,bec us Be ry wasa t lquel l uia e'wines . W ihoutBe ry'
srbuton oc ne
a e ve l
l i y ms tbl ' t s
ur
t
ve l s
t si o Tuc ralege t tt Comm onwe lh' r i ng e de e wasf a ofTuc r
e tm ny, ke l s ha he
at s ema ni vi nc
oot ge
ke
l a ng a r e e i t Applbe s wlih onl pr ve t the wasçn t ge r la e a t
e vi nd e nt rng he
e e', lc
y o d ha
& he ne a r a t he
i
tm et c i wa a lgedl c
i he rme s le y omm itd. Pe '' Pe .1 Tuc ra l st ti he had,i f c ,
te ' trs t 2.
'
ke lege ha f
n at
s d coc i t Be ry,t n t Co monwe t woul ha ha a t r me
ol
a ne o ve l he he m
a1h
d ve d ç e ndous a mt of
t
mot
die t e de
r c vi nce wih whih t co c Mm . Alo t t t r ove ofi e s c d ha
t
c o nvit
'
' s he wo mde c r fc r oul ve
a r se hi i med a ey a t Co monwe t woul ha bee a et i r ucee de e of
retd m m
i t l nd he m
alh
d ve n bl o ntod
vi nc
hi pos es i of o he drz ora ma ke bilfo M s Be ry. Pe '' Pe.1 15. Lasl
s s son
t r t
gs
r d l rm
. ve l ' trs t 4'
ty,
Tuc r c t nds t t t ofk e s e ognii of hi voie on t a otpe wa m it n
ke on e
ha he t r 'r c ton
s c
he udi a
s sake
be us t y we e thi y pr dipos d t bele t t t voi t y he r o t a o
ca e he
r ç ghl e s e o i ve ha he ce he
a d n he udi
r or ng wa t tofM r Tuc r' Pe '' Pe .1
ec di
s ha
. ke . trs t 3.
'
On die tr vi w,t sa e co t r ed t tt is waspr dur l def ule unde
r c e e he t t urs ul ha he s ue
oce aly a t d
r

Rul 5; () 1(i)a 5A: oft Rllsoft SuprmeCour ofVigi a Fis,Rul 5:7()
e 17c ()ii nd 18 he ze he e
t r ni. rt e 1 c
i a ade t a i pe
s n qua e nd nde ndentsae pr dur lba t ta ie whe a pe ii rf ist a es
t t oce a r ha rs s '
n
ttone al o ddr s
t l rc ur' hol ng i adie ta
he owe o ts di n r c ppea t t Vigi a Supr m e Co t Se Ye ts 1 F.
l o he r ni
e
ur. e a t, 66 3d

a 26 ( lig Ru e 5 1 ()1 (i i a a e u t a d i e n e tsae b r. Se o d Ru e
t 4 hodn l ;7 c( )ii s n d q ae n nd pe d n tt a) c n , l
)

5A : i a ade t a i pe ntsa e pr ed la ba t ta ie whe a pe ii rf is t
18 s n qua e nd nde nde t t oc tr l r ha rs s
n
ttone a l o
5
aly
p e e v a is e b ma n a c ne o a e u o j cin a til See.gener l , W e k v.
r sr e n su y kig o tmp rn o s b e to t ra.
es

An eo e 1 6 F.d 2 ,2 0 ( t Ci.1 9 ) Fih rv.Di. Va De to Co . 2 6 W L
g ln , 7 3 49 7 4h r 9 9 ; s e
rs . p' f n' 01
,
5 7 75 a * ( . Va Se t 2 ,2 6 ( o dngRu e5 1 i a a e u t a d i e e d n
4 7 6, t 2 W D. . p . 9 01 ) h li
l A:8 s n d q ae n nd p n e t
saeb r.
tt a)
Fu te,Tu ke f ist e c elsd futb c u eh ha n ts wn c us a p eu ie
rh r c r al o x us l ea l e a s e s o ho a e nd fj dc
i
o amic ni g o j tc . h sn td mo tae t a a o j cie e tma f co p e ne
r s a a e f usie He a o e nsrtd h t n b e tv , x e l a tr rve td
hi compla wih sa e pr e a r uie e s a t tt al ge c tt tona vi ai n
s
i nce t t t oc dur l eq r m nt nd ha he le d onsiu i l ol to
s t nta l i e t d hi ti , a heha no de o ta e t thei a m a l i
ubsa ily nf c e s ral nd
s t m nsr t d ha
s c ly nnoce .
nt6
Re r e s Cli 1 i wihoutm e i. Fe r lha asr vi w ofs cenc ofe de e
ga dls , am s t
rt de a be e e
uG i y
vi nc

c am s a e lm ie t de e mi ng t t r afe vi wi t e de e i t lg m os
li
r i t d o t r ni G he , tr e ng he vi nc n he i ht
whe
t
f vor bl t t pr ec i a r tona t ro f tc d ha f
a a e o he os uton, ny a i l de f ac oul ve ound t e s ntalelm e sof
he s e i e nt

t ec b y n ar a o a ed u t' J c s nv. r i i, 4 U. 3 7 31 ( 9 )(mp ss
h dme e o d e s n bl o b ' a k o Vicna 4 3 S. 0 , 9 1 79 e hai
i o ia) Th fd r lc u tc n ie scru tnila d drc e i e c ,a d t lo te
n dgn l. e e ea o r o sd r ic msa ta n ie t v d n e n t lws h
a
gove n e t be fto a 1r as
r m nt he ne i f 1 e onabl i e e e fo t f t pr n t t e s
e nf r nc s r m he ac s ove o hos oughtt be
o

e tbls e ' Untd S ae v.Tr s n,6 7 F.d 1 8 1 21 (t Ci.1 8 ) M o e v r
sa ih d.
' ie tts
e va t 7 2 01 , 0 4h r 9 2 . ro e ,

Iwl eet eeaec nfit i tsi n ii f rt ejly a dno t a p l t c u toweg te
< h r h r r o l s n e tmo y,t s o h t n t he p el e o r t i h h
g
c
r
a
e i e c a d j d e t e ce iiiy o t e win s e . I .a 1 212 (iig Untd S ae v
v d n e n u g h r db l f h t e s s' d t 0 - 2 ctn
t
'
ie tts .
Fihe, 8 F.d 8 8 8 0 7 (t Ci.1 7 ) s eas M as alv. n e g r 4 9U. 4 2 43
s r 4 4 2 6 , 6 - 0 4 h r 9 3 ; e lo rh l Lo b r e , 5 S. 2 , 4
5Tuc rtfie t ma amoton t srke, a hef ie t movet s asde t vedit' t r f e,he
ke Eald o ke
i o ti nd
ald o
o et i he r c'' he eor
R d no pr s r t que ton of t s fci y of t evi nce t s
di t e e ve he si
he ufi enc
he de
o uppor t co c i . Tuc r v.
t he nvitons'
'
ke

Co n at No 1 7 - 13 si o a 4( . . p. a .1 , 01 )
mmo we 1
h, . 4 8 1 - , l p. t Va CtAp Jn 1 2 2 .
p
6Tuc r does notase tnew, r la e e de t twas notpr s t d atti . Tuc c e t
ke
sr
eibl vi nce ha
e en e
ral
ker ontnds hat

K rfee tsi n 9o Gig rTuc e a LiaGul ... lal etbihe (ilin c n e'b tTu ke o l
t o frd e t y m n e k r nd s i
p
mo
l ce ry sa ls s hs n o e c , u c r ny
'
ofer an afi vi 9om Lia. PetrsRes t t M ot t Dimis 1 Fu t r t sae c t ha doc nt d
fs
fda t
s
''
p. o he
. o s s 2. rhe , he tt ours ve ume e
Gi ra Liascr biiy is ;t r f e Tuc rdoe nota s r a c or e cam ofa mali e e unde
nge nd s ' edi lt sues he eor , ke
s
s e t ol abl li
c
nnoc nc
r
Sc up.
hl

8

( 9 3 (1 U. C. 2 5 ( )gve fd rlh b a c u t nolc ns t r d tr n ce iii o
18 )1
28 S. j 2 4 d i s e e a a e s o rs ie e o e ee mie r dblt f
y
wi se wh s d me n rh sb e o s r e b t saetil o tb t o b t e ' .
t ss o e e a o a e n b ev d y he tt ra c ur, u n t y h m.)
ne
'
At til t Comm o
ra , he
nweat ofe ed sgni a diec a cic sa i l e de e
lh f r
i fc nt r t nd r um t nta vi nc
i udi e
ncl ng: yewines t si ony,a o and yi o oft d u ptr has s v ilnc e de e,
t s e tm
udi
de
he r g lc e, ur e la e vi nc
voi i ntt aton,ml Tuc rs pa kagi t c mi
ce de i i
k
d
ke ' c ng e l que. Alhough Tuc r i a hed Be ry
t
ke mpe c
ve l
a a tmpt d t co r r s
nd te e o ntove t ome e de e he ha no s
vi nc ,
s t hown t tno r tona ti roff c ,bas
ha
ai l re
a t ed
on t e de pr e e co d ha f und hi guit beyo a r as bl do .
he vi nce es nt d, ul ve o
m
ly
nd e ona e ubt

Thesaec t'nzi weenotc rr t o a l e s bl a iai ot fde a
tt ours lngs r
onta y o, r n l a ona e pplc ton l e r l
nr
lw, or ba e o a l ea ona e detr i ton of f c s Tuc ' fr t cl m i de a t d
a
s d n n mr s bl
e m na i
a t.
kers is ai s f ule

wihoute us a uli t l wihoutm e i't r f e,t co tg a t t m o i n t dimi sa
t
xc e nd tma ey t
rt he e or he ur r n s he to o s s s
,
t (l r 1
o zain .
# . Cl m 27
ai

l Cl i 2,Tuc r a lges t t c
n am
ke le
ha ouns l was i feci f r f ii t us Be ry'
e
ne f tve o alng o e ve l s

vie tp d sae n whe i e c ighe.Heag e t a ( )l o ns l td wih u q eto
d o a e ttme t n mp a hn r
r u s h t 1 t u e woz to t u sin
c
l
ha e b e a t dz d t ply t vie tp f rt j 'a ()Rh j r sr s o s wo l
v e n uho e o a he d o a e o he my' nd 2 t e u y' e p n e ud

l ey h v b e dfe e t a ra o a l d u two d lk l ha eb e rie ,i t ej r ha
i l a e e n ifr n, nd e s n b e o b ul iey v e n as d f h u y d
k

?Re r ngCli 2tzough4, t cic tcot tsae t f l ng:
ga di
ams lr
he r ui u' ttd he olowi

El e Co r fn sBe el stsi n wa c ro rtd b tep ies rela c tp o te
' h u t id v ry' et y s orboae y h ol u v i n e a e f h
I
mo
c
l
ta a i whih de
r ns cton, c monsr t peii r s d coc ne t Be ry. The vi otpe ofes a
taed ttone ol
ai o ve l
de a
fr

c mplt e pa ain f r te j r s d cso t beiv Be el d s ie te i a b n
o ee x ln to o h uy' e iin o le e v ry ept h mpe c me t
ac mpls d by c el Pl e i t pr r c e of t tsi ny atti ,t cai
co ihe
ouns . ac d n he ope ontxt he e tmo
ral he l ms

?eetdb ptto e adhi cretct e a u tt asrin ta Mr Moc we wa
rsne y ei nr n s urn omsl mo n o set s ht . rho r s
i
o
mefe i f noti r
fctve or
ntoduci evi ncet twasi
ng de ha
nadmisbl a t thad be n e e t t
s i e nd ha
e xpos d o he

Co r a pej r sb r e t a ss ted fn ea atmeb fr Mr Mo c o rsiv le n i
u t s ruy u o n d o sit h ee s t i eoe . rh we ' n ov me t n
.

t c e.AlhoughM r M or
he as
t
. chowe kne t prorsae e hadbee m a Be ry' t tm ony
r w he i ttm nt
n de, ve l s esi

rv ae ( k rs itmae as cae e g ge i c n u td sg e t p r ert afa d u o
e e ld Tuc e') n i t so its n a d n o d c ein d o ep tae ru p n
t sComt Tuc ra hi wi e s splce Mn M o c we i a untnabl poston,a Tuc
hi
ke nd s m s e a d
r ho r n n e e ii nd ker
cn blm eM r M o c we f t cr umsanc t tldt hi co c i
nnot a
. r ho r or he ic t ej ha e o s nviton.

Tu k rv Dil n No C11 0 8 5 - 0 si o a 4- ( . r Ct S p.1 , 1 )
c e . l , . .3 0 2 9 0 , l p. t 5 Va Ci. . e t 5 20 5 .
ma
p

s e Be el svie tpe p era sae n i wh c s e s i s e h d f ley i iae (
e n v ry' d o a d r til ttme t n ih h ad h a as l mpl td q
c
Tuc r a des i d herr a onsf doi s ' Pe '' Pe .1
ke , nd crbe
es
or ng o. trs t 7.
'
On ha asr viw,t cr ui co t co l d'
be e e he ic t trt ncude .
The Co tfndst tt vi o oft saeme woul no ha be n ad isbl
ur i ha he de
he t t nt
d t ve e m s i e.
M r M or ho r i
.
c we mpea hed J nnie Be ry usng he pror i
c
e f r ve l
i
r i nconsse
it nt
sa e nt m a t Lesi Ale Be ry ad itd ha ng made t sae e s
t t me s de o le l n. ve l m te vi
he t tm nt .
Be us Beve l a ted t sa e e t ,e rnsc e de e wa notad isbl
ca e
ry dmit he t t m n s xti i vi nc
s
m si e

t pr t sae nt ha be nmade Se Va.R.Evi 2: 3()i) ChalsE
o ove he ttme s d e
. e
d. 61 a (i; re
F n ,TV La o Ev d n e i Vigna j 4- ()1,a 1 7 (t e .20 3 .
de d
w f i e c n r ii
5 c( ) t 4 6h d 0 )
Be us t vi w> no ad isbl t rt s c r mnsa es ti c m s ls
ca e he deo s t m s i e mde he e ic t nc s ral ot e '
pe f m a e wa not de i int Furhem or be a e pro i onsse
ror nc
s
fce .
t r e, c us
i r nc it nt
saeme s a e a isbl onl f r pur e of i ac e a no as
t t nt r dm s i e
y o
pos s
mpe hm nt nd t
s t n i e de e,s eNe e t Adm ' v. mt r 207 Va.335,340,1 S. 2d
ubsa tve vi nc e bl t.
r Ht e ,
50 E.

1 5 1 9 ( 9 6 ,a be a e t Co n at ' e i e c o h r s wa s
1 , 1 1 6 ) nd c us he mmo we lh s v d n e t e wie s o
o e whemig Tuc e c ns w n p eu iefo Mr M o c o rsd cso n t
v r l n , k r a ho o rj dc r m . rh we ' e iin o
t i r
o nt oduc t vi o.
e he de

Tuc r No. 3008259- si op. t3.
ke , CL1
00, lp a
The c ta e wih t sa e c tsa yss t ti c ur ' nzi wasc r tunde
our gr es t he tt our' nal i : he ral o ts lng
orec
r
Vigi a 1 w be aus Gf t wines a t m a ng t sa e t t pror i onsse
r ni a
c e û he t s dmis ki he t t men , he i nc it nt
i
saeme may notbepr ve by e rnsce de .'Cuni v.Co onwe 1h,51 S. 2d 335,
t t nt
o d
xti i vi nce'
e
mm
at
5 E.

3 2 ( .Ct Ap 1 9 ) (iig Br wn v Pees 1 7 S. 2 6 5 6 9 ( .1 61 Un e
4 Va . p. 9 9 ctn o
. tr, 1 E.d 9 , 9 Va 9 :. d r
S rcca d Gan atr e sf ile t r iea meils apl n g c n tfr t eba i o a
til n , t q to n y' alr o as
l
l
t
rte s r me t l n no o m h ss f
s e s uli fe tve a ssa ofc ms lcai be a e t r ul oft pr e ng woul not
ucc s f ne f c i s itnce ot e l m c us he es t he oc edi
d
ha bee dif r ntha t a t ne r ie t i s ' Unie St t s v.I ml r 167 F. 889,
ve n fe e
d he tor y a s d he s ue.
'
td ae
ti e ,
3d

8 3 (t Ci. 9 9 ; e as M o r v. l e S ae , 3 F. u p. 2 , 31( D. . 9 6 .
9 5h r 1 9 ) s e lo o e Urtd tts 9 4 S p 7 4 7 E. Va 1 9 )
i
Tuc r as e t t c
ke s rs hat ouns ls pe f m a e was dek int be us t e de
e ' ror nc
t e
ca e he vi nce was

ad si e rl ng upon Zikl v.Commonweat 55 S. 2d 24 (
misbl, eyi
re
1h,
E.
Va.1
949) a J s v.
nd one

Co n at ,6 0 S. 2 8 9 ( . p.Ct 20 7 . I Zil ,t e Co nwe l rb te
mmo we l 5 E.d 5 Va Ap
h
. 0 ) n rde h mmo at e u td
h
8 The Vigi a Ruls ofEvi nce had notyetbe n i e nt , b tter ls& iqn tatre itn
r ni
e
de
e mplme ed u h ue E d o le xsig
dl
evi ntay docrne ort vibiiy ofca e lw i exit e prort J y 1 201 whe t y ca i o e fc '
de ir
ti
he a lt
s a n senc i o ul , 2, n he me nt fe t'

Ca o v. mmo at,8 S. 2 1 4 1 2( . . p. 01 )
mp s Co nwe 1 00 E.d 7 , 8 Va CtAp 2 7 .
h

ç o d c rce'e d nc wih e i e c o as cfcb d a t tsi n 9o aj g wh h d
G o haa tr' vie e t v d n e f pe ii a c :e tmo y m ud e o a
g
c c e t de e ntofa c
onvit d he f nda
dme ye r be o e. The Vigni Supr m e Cour ofAppe shed
as fr
ri a
e
t
al l

t a r b t g g o c a a tre i e c wi s e i a t o ba c n u twa hg l p eudca
h t e udn o d h r ce v d n e t p ct cs f d o d c s ihy rj iil
h
k
a d r q ie r v ra. Zil ,5 SE.d a 29 3 (( h Sae c n tp o e s cfc a t t
n e ur d e es l rde 5 . 2 t - 2 G T) e tt n no r v pe ii cs o
ç
s o t e d fn a tsba c a a r' .l J n s t p o e u o paa h a e ml c ry pc d
h w h ee d n ' d h r de.) n o e ,he r s c tr rp r s d d her - ike
'
sae e st tt de e ntha m a d ng apolc i e
t tm nt ha he f nda
d de mi
i e nt noga i The de e ntve m e l
ton.
f nda
he nty
diag e d wih t pr e ut r s c r c e ton o hi sa e e s a he a tmpt d t s
s re
t he os c o ' ha a t dza i f s t tm nt , nd
te e o how

v d o f oa e o t eitr iw t t ej r t e tbih c n e tf rt esae n s Ho v r t
i e o t g f h n e ve o h u y o sa ls o tx o h ttme t. we e ,he
Co n at o j ce o h a s y g o n s a d t til c u t h l te f oa e t be
mmo we 1h b e td n e ra r u d , n he ra o r ed h o t g o
i dmisbl . On a al t Vigi a Cour of Appeas he d t t t vi o was ad isbl
na s i e
ppe , he r ni
t
l l ha he de
m si e

b c u etgl p l n d d n ta k f ra miso o t v d oa f rt t t o te sae ns
e a s lap el t i o s o d sin f he ie tpe o he nz f h ttme t
a
h
ma e d rn t itro ai n kahe,he wa td t ej r t se t e e n e ti wlih t s
d u ig he n er g to . t r
ne h u y o e h o tx n l he e
c
sa e e sa o isonswe e ma a de e mi f t m s l swhih c r cerz i n oft
tt m nt nd m s i
r de nd t r ne or he e ve
c ha a t iato
he
i onsse eswa a c ae. J ne ,650 S. 2d a 867.
nc itnci
s c ur t ' o s
'
E. t
s
ral
Tuc r m ii e pr t bo h ca el a t f t9 of hi own ti . Fis, Zikl i
ke
snt r e s t s aw nd he acs
rt r e s

ir lva tbe us t Commonwe t di no a tmptt r butc r c e e de e wih s ik
ree n ca e he
alh d t te
o e
ha a tr vi nc t pect

a t. S c n , o si n ta p ia eb c us ( )t Co n at e trd t ef l ta s rp
cs e o d J ne s o p lc bl e a e 1 he mmo we 1 n ee h ul r n cit
h
f rt e jzy t rv e a d () Be ry wa n tt d fn a t a d net e s e n r Tu ke
o h t o e iw, n 2 vel s o he ee d n , n ih r h o c r
r
diput t c r c e i ton ort s t nc oft i onsse saeme s
s ed he ha a t rza i
he ubsa e he nc it nt t t nt .
9I hi peiin,Tuc rsaes
n s tto
ke tt :
Thevi wa notie tnscevi nc 'ofs m eot ,s r t i nsse saemen wih whih
deo s
çxti i de e' o
her epa ae nco itnt tt t t
c
t de e ewihedt i
he f ns s o mpea h M s.
c
Beve l Thevi o wt-t i onsse sae nt a whe
ry.
de z he nc itnt t tme , nd n
ç

co se a nn Ms Be el ted fn eha e ey rg tt c nfo th r(n tejr lwi te
r s-x miig . v ry,h ee s d v r ih o o rn e a d h u y t h
h
e tc e ofherprori onsse saementr t rt nr l ng o as t ndpa a a et t
xac ontnt
i nc itnt tt
, ahe ha eyi n horha
r phr s ha
c ns dM s. very' wor i o s t ngot rt n wha s a tlly s d.
onde e
Be l s ds nt omehi he ha
t he c tal ai

P trsPe.1 (mp ssi oiia) Hefrh ralg st t<iftesaec u tsa aysswls c ret iwo l
e'' t 8 e hai n rgn l. u te le e ha ll h tt o r' n l i al orc,t ud
E

m e n t tati wine sco r ed wih ...a i nsse polce i e ki sae tc d neve be c
a ha ral t s nfont
t
n nco itnt i ntr ew ttmen oul
r ongo ed
nt

wi tea ma ta srp o rc r iglf tetsi n o itr iw, nt go n ta tepic o pa e o diia
t h c lrn cit r e o dn o) h etmo y r neve o he ru d h th e e f p r r gtl
h
dic ...s how co tt e Exti i evi e.' I
s
ome
nsiutd e rnsc denc '' d.

Furhe ,Tuc rsunde sa ng ofe rnsc and i rnscevi nc i i orec .o Unde
t r
ke '
rt ndi
xti i
nti i de e s nc r tl
r
Vigi al w,
r ni a

( wine si a ci nalca ema bec os-xn ne ast pr vi sae s
a) t s n rmi
s y r se mi d o e ous ttment
ma eb hm i m iig o r d e it wrtn ,rlt t t es be tmatro
d y i n tn r e uc d n o iig eai o h u j c te f
ve
t pr ee ng ...a i he a t isge ne s he s l be al
he oc di
nd f
dmis t nui nes , hal
lowed t ma
o ke
hi own e a ton ofi.
s
xpl na i
t

Va Co e j1 .- 6 ..Theeo e t ewdte ta s rp o Be e l'. tr iw c ul b usdt
. d . 92 2 8 1
rf r ,h
tn r n cit f v ry si e ve o d e e o
n
i a Be ry. The vi o woul be c i r d e lnsc e de ,howe r a a s a
mpe ch ve l
de
d
onsde e xti i vi nce
ve , nd s oon s
Be ry admit ma ng t sae e s t vi o wa i dmi sbl t pr et rt tBe ry
ve l
ted ki he tt m nt, he de
s na s i e o ove ihe ha ve l
ha m a t sa e nt ,ort tt sa e e swe e i f c ,tue Tuc ra s c endst tt
d de he t t me s
ha he t tm nt r , n a t r .
ke lo ont
ha he

vi o de o tae Beve l sbi s He ha no a lged,wih s cf t wha t vi w o d
de m nsr t d
ry' a .
s t le
t pe ikiy, t he deo ul
ha s
ve hown t tt ta c i di not r ga dl s ,def ns c
ha he r ns rpt d ; e r e s
e e ouns l e e e t ta c ,t
e ntr d he r ns dpt he

a d o al te vd o i t e i e c wih n o j ci n fo t e Co nwe l a d a1wee
u i , t h ie no v d n e t o b e to r m h mmo at n l r
d
h,

ma ea albl t t ej r .1Th r f r,hejlywa a l t sea dh a t ef litr iw.
d y i e o h u y1 e eo e t t
a
r s b e o e n e r h uln e ve
M or ove , t sa e ha a c t c l d t t i he Comm onwe lh' e de e
e r he tt
be s our oncude ha ç
t
at s vi nc

ohe ie wa o r l n ,Tu ke c n s w nop eu iefo g ee s c un e ')d cso
t m s s vewhemig c r a ho
rj d c ' m d fn e o s ls e iin
r
n tt ito u et vie E t j r q' c e , 6 1 4 8 5 - 0 si o a 3. Th c t t
o o n r d c he d o t he u y .
o
'Tu k r No. 1 3 0 2 9 0 , lp p. t
e ot
r
a r e wi t e crui c u t a lss Un e S rc a d,tcoms li n tie fci meey
g e s t h ic t o r' nay i. d r tikln G l t e s o n fe t
h
s
l
ve rl
be us he ove l ks o jr t gy whie vi l nty pur ui a he . W iln sv.Kely,81
ca e
roo ne ta e
l gia l
s ng not r'
' li m
l
6

F. 9 9 9 0 (t Ci.1 8 )(iig Src ln , 66U. a 6 9 ;S li v. rh Caoi ,5 7
2d 3 , 5 4h r 9 7 ct tika d 4
n
S. t 8 ) ale No t r l 8
na
F. 6 6 6 (t Ci.1 7 )( tika da isp o n weeç o itn e t p o t j dca
2d 3 , 40 4h r 9 8 Src ln nd t r ge y r l t n e d d o r moe u iil
n
s c gue sng on que to ofsrtgy a ba i ast handlng ofa wine s' Counsls
e ond- s i
sins tae s sc he
i
t s.
).
e'

1 I t e i pea hm e c ext i rnsc evi nc c e 9om t wine s dti t e i ton;
0 n h m c nt ont , nti i
de e om s
he t s u ng he xam nai
mea l e rnsce de i e de ea te o sdet twines ' e mi ton.
nwhie, xti i vi nce s vi nc dmitd uti ha t ss xa nai

1 ANerMr. Ale st tmony,t c tal
1
ln' esi
he our lowedt i e viw vi o t bee e edi o e de e.Tra Tr
he ntr e de o ntr nt vi nc
il .
1
60.

sr t
taegy was t dic edi Be ry: c ms l s ce s u l i a d Be ry' i ul t y
o s r t ve l ot e uc s f ly mpe che
ve l s nc paor
t tmony a he c r tr f tuhfzne s e e ed t ta c ,audi a vi of he
esi
nd r ha ace or r t ll s , nt r he r ns dpt
o, nd deo
r

ic nsse t sae n s it e ie c ,a d iplr d jlo s t e a n t e Ale itr iw
n o itn ttme t no vd n e n n o e t r o x mie h ln n e ve
r
m a e il durng c osng ar me .1 Tucker cnnnot s w t t c ms ls f lze t us vi o
t ra s i l i
pl nt 2
ho ha ot e ' ailr o e de
f t ge of Be ry' a ted f s sa e e s woul ha wih a r a ona e pr ba lt
oo a
ve l s dmit ale tt m nt
d ve, t
e s bl o biiy,
c ngedt out ome oft ti . Rega dl s e n i t vi we ea isbl c ms lsus of
ha
he c
he ral
r es , ve f he deo r dm s i e, ot e ' e
a wrte ta c i i tad of vi f a wms notl r as bl,a s d notbe s c
itn r ns rpt nse
deo oot ge
m e ona e nd houl
e ondgu s d on c lt r lr viw . Tuc rm a dia eewih c ms lsc c i m e lm t pr e t
es e
ola e a e e
ke
y s gr
t ot e ' hoi e n dil o es n

Be ry' flesae n st teju b t ec n o s w t tc t e wa ief ci .
vel s as ttme t o h ty, u h n n t ho ha omsl s n fe t
ve
The sa ecour' nzi wasnotc r r t oran I r as bl a ia i of Stiklnd,
tt
ts lng
onta y o,
m e ona e pplc ton , rc a
o bas d on a um ea o bl de e na i of f t . Tuc r f l t s
r e
n
s na è t nni ton
acs
ke ais o how t e se e of
he xit nc

d sce tpef r n e a d prj d c ;te eo e t e mo in t d s s a t Cli 2 wi b
e in ro ma c n eu ie h r f r, h
to o imis s o am
l e
l
gr t d.
an e
C. Cl m 3
ai
I Cl i 3,Tuc r a gue t tco e wa i fe tve f f lng t cal hi m o he ,
n am
ke r s ha uns l s ne f c i or aii o l s t r
Gi r Tuc r a a wine s As pa t of hi sa e ha as peii n,Tuc r a tc
nge
ke , s
t s.
r
s t t be
tto
ke ta hed a l te
e tr
pur tdl wrte by M sm o he i 2011 I t misve,Gi rTuc ri onnst o W hom i
pore y itn
t rn
. n he s i
nge
ke nf
T
t
M a Conce ' ofhe wilngnes t t tf t tBe ry t aruly cole s a s he t f l ey
y
m '
r li
s o esiy ha ve l e f l rf s ed c me o a s l
i plc t Tuc rt bot he a Lia Guil Tuc ra s rst tbec us Ghe pr e uton' c s
m i a e ke o h r nd s
l. ke s e t ha
a et
t
os c i s a e
r t a m os en i e y on Be r y' t s i ony,' c m s l w as i f c i f no c lng M s
esed l t tr l
ve l s e tm
' ot e
nef e tve or t ali
.

Tuc rt li i htBe ry' bi and sr m o i t f brc t . Pe '' Res t t M ot t
ke o lghlg
ve l s as
tong tve o a i a e
tr s p. o he
.o
D i m i s8.
s s
'
'

1 Rr sca e s ul bedecde a ryou r viw t CD . . . I wiltket t mi esa t et nt
2 'hi s ho d
i d he
e e he
t l a weny nut nd hos we y
m i t wils w t de epto ...So we a k you t he r n t t ta crpt I' be n i r uce TheCD i
nues l ho he c in
s
o a ke o he rns i . ts e ntod d.
s
i r ed. TralTr 1 90.
ntoduc ' i . 85'
'

13

Onha asr viw,t cr ui c t l
be e e he ic t our hed:
For t s m e r a on t vi ot pe w a i
he n
e s he de a
s nadm i s bl ,G i r Tuc r s t s i ony
s i e nge
ke ' e tm
a
bout a s a e e s B e r y m a woul no ha be n a i s bl a
ny t t m nt
ve l
de
d t ve e dm s i e s
s t ntve e de e a onl admisbl as i pe hme e de i Be ry
ubsa i vi nc nd y
si e
m ac nt vi nce f ve l
de e t sa e e s M o e ve ,be a e of Be ry' t tmony,a be us
ni d he t t m nt .
r o r c us
ve l s esi
nd ca e
Gi rTuc rsve ce had be us i t ofe e Gi rTuc rwa a ve y
nge
ke ' hi l
en ed n he f ns , nge
ke s
r
da r
nge ous wine s a t r we e rs t t t Comm onwe lh c d e ii
t s s he e r iks ha he
at oul lct
i o ton c
nf nna i onobor tng Tuc r s i ve e i t c e a i or a i
ai
ke ' nvol m nt n he dm nd nf m ton
a ut t pr tr me of t f le e ul t r vi otpe by Lia Guil The
bo he oc te nt
he a s xc pa o y de a
s
l.
Cour fnds c ms ' de ii t pr s ntt tmony fom Gi r Tuc r a t
ti
ot els c son o e e esi
r
nge
ke t he
s nt ncng he dng onl r t rt n a t guitphas oft ti lwhe et r wa
e e i
a
y, a he ha t he l
e he ra
r he e s
a rs of a po e ily dn
ik
t nta l magi c os - xa i ton a
ng r s e m na i boutmate s r a e t t
tr elt d o he

c mmiso o teo fns , sn tu ra o be a d Tu ke wa n t eudc d
o sin f h fe e wa o n e s na l, n c r s o prj ie
by c m s l sdec s on.
ot e '
ii
Tuc r N o.CL1
ke ,
3008259- s i op. t300, lp
a 4.

The c ta e wih t sa e co ts a yss Fe r c t r vi wi Sti a
our gr es t he t t ur ' nal i . de al ours e e ng rcklnd
c am s ç ve c
li G
gi ouns lwi ltt i de e ni whih wines est c la pa toft i ti l
e de a iude n t nni ng
c
t s o al s r
he r ra

srtgy.'Unie Sttsv.Dyes,730F3d 35 364 ( hCi.201 ;s as W is v.Gre
tae ' td ae
s
4, 4t r 3) ee lo lon
e ne,

1 5 F.d 3 6 4 4 ( t Ci.1 98 ( u tn Pr etv Tho o 9 6 F. 1 6 ,1 71n9 ( t
5 3 9 , 0 4h r 9 ) q o ig u t . mps n, 9 2d 5 0 5 . 4h
Ci.1 9 )( e iinsa o twh ttp so e ie et ito uc tl o e o tilsr tg , nd
r 9 3 t cso b u a y e f vd nc o n r d e a' n s f ra tae y a
r
e

atr e sha g e tltmd o wh r t y c n f c tej y satn in a d wha s r o g
to n y ve ra ai e n ee he a o us h ur ' te to n
t ot f j
e i e c t yc nc o s n t oito uc .).
v d n e he a h o e o t n r d e'
'
Cot e c d ha us Gi r Tuc r t a tc Be l s cr di lt e pe i ly i
ms l oul ve ed nge
ke o ta k very' e biiy, s c al f
Be ry de e t alege t a f c e so Ho ve ,co elc d ha r ogni d,a a
ve l nid he l d e rul onf s i n. we r uns oul ve ec ze s
m a trofti lsr t gy,t tM s Tuc rwa a potntaly da er uswine s M s Tuc r sc r
te
ra ta e ha
. kç s
e i l ng o
t s . . ke ' a
w as a t s e o t c e a Be r y' a l ge c e s o occ e a t hom e a i t
t he c ne f he dm nd ve l s le d onf s i n
un'd t he
nd n he
pr s nc ofLi a Guil w ho had pr s tr d a har s e Be ry. Couns lc d ha r a ona y
ee e
s
l,
e sl e nd a s d ve l
e oul ve e s bl

be n ptr ui t sr t ofm i m i ng pot n i ly dn agi c os - xa nai n fom Gi r
e ls ng he taegy
ni zi
e tal m ng r s e mi to r
nge

14

Tuc r whie sil s e s tly i a hi Be ry' c e biiy wih t Ale i e v e a
ke
l tl ucc s fll mpe c ng ve l s r di lt t he ln ntr i w nd
dn a ng c r trwines e .
m gi ha ace t s s

Re a de s Tu ke h s n t d mo sr td p eu ie Fis, te Co n at
g r ls, c r a o e n tae rj dc . rt h
mmo we 1h
sgrika l c r ae Beve l st tmony wih s ve a polc of e s a t s vela
i lf nty orobor t d
ry' esi
t e r l ie fc r , nd he ur ilnce
m ae il c im e Be ry' ve son ofe nt. Sec
t ra s onfr d ve l s r i
ve s
ond,Tuc rhasnotpr f e a a fda t
ke
ofer d n fi vi

o Gig rTuc rst si n . Se Un td S ae v As i ,9 2 F. 6 3,6 0( t Ci.1 91
f n e ke ' e t y e ie tt s . hmi 3 2d 4 5 7h r 9 )
mo
(lEj de ea t tsi ny ofaputtvewine smus g rly bepr e e i t f m
Gg vi nc bout he etmo
ai t s
t eneal
esntd n he or
of a t lt si o by t wine s or on a fda t A de e ntc nno smpl sae t tt
c ua e tm ny
he t s
fi vi.
f nda a t i y t t ha he
t tmony woul ha be n f vor bl s fs r i s ulton wilno s t i a i f c i
esi
d ve e a a e; el- e vng pec a i
l t usan n nefe tve

a ssa c cam.)
sitn e 1i ' .
'
The sa e c tsr i wa notc r r t ora t e ona e i e r t ton of f de a
tt our' ulng s
onta y o, n mr as bl nt p e a i
,e rl
lw,orbas d o a t ea ona e dee m i ton o f c s Tuc rha no s
a
e n n mr s bl t r na i f a t .
ke s t hown t tc ms ls
ha ot e '

f iur t c l Gi rTuc ra awine swa de i n pe f m a e,ort ti c ms lhad c l
al e o a l nge
ke s
t s s fc e t ror nq
ha f ot e
aled
M s Tuc ,t r was a r % ona e pr ba lt t tt o c e of t ti lwo d ha be n
. ker he e
e
bl o biiy ha he ut om
he ra ul ve e
dif r nt t r f e, hecour gr nt 'hem o i t dim isa t Cl m 3.
fe e ; he e or t
t a st
ton o s s s o ai
D. Cl m 4
ai
I Cl i 4,Tuc ra lgest tc
n am
ke le
ha opns lwa i fe tve f f ii t calLia Guilasa
e s ne f c i or a lng o l s
l
de e e wines Tuc rpr f r a a da tfom M s Guildes rbi he puttvet si ony:
f ns t s.
ke ofe s n o vi r
. l c i ng r ai e tm
t ts waspr s nta Applbe swih Tuc ron Se e r30,2011 and t s di nots e
ha he
ee t
e e' t
ke
pt mbe
,
hat he d
e
Tuc r e t r pos es o diti t c i Tuc r a gue t t O e ry ha ar adv ac us d
ke ihe
s s r srbu e ocane.
ke r s ha
ve l d le
c e

Guil o i opre y dlrng t Comm onwe t s c s i czef t r was no pe s i e
l f mpr it zi he
alh' a e n li , he e
nni sbl
r tonae t rStiklnd f tilco elt l veBe ry' t tmony unr bute by de lni
ai l mde rc a or ra uns o ea
ve l s esi
e td
ci ng

t utlz ...t e ul t y t tm o pr f r d by Lia Guil' Pe '' Re p.t t M ot t
o iie
he xc pa or esi ny ofe e
s
1.
' tr s s o he
.o

Dimis1 (mp ssi o ia)
s s 0 e hai n dgn l.

'

On ha asr viw,t Lync
be e e he
hbur Ciy Cic tCo the d:
g t r ui ur l
Cot e ' a ûda tr te t t tM r M or howe de i d no t calGuilbe a e
ms ls f vi el c s ha . c
r c de t o l
l c us
s wa i a i i a er l tons p wih Tuc r wasi r er t o pe ng dnz
he s n n ntm t e ai hi t
ke ,
nca c aed n ndi
g
c ge ,a he c edi lt wa dn a by t r velton durng t ti t t
har s nd r r biiy s m ged
he e a i
i he ral ha
s was i ve i t pr ur me of t f le vi o t si
he
nvol d n he oc e nt
he a s de e tmony. M r
.
M or how e s a e ,t s Guil w a i i a e y i ved w ih M r Tuc r a s
c
r t t s 1 . l s ntm t l nvol
M
t
. ke nd he
wa i a ce a e a t tm e oft ti lon pe ng dr g c r . M s Guils
s nc r r t d t he i
he ra
ndi
u ha ges
. l'
c ed biiy be me an is a tr M s Be ry t sii d i r f r nc t t f le
r i lt ca
s ue fe
. ve l e tfe n e e e e o he a s

vd o d po i o ' ( s o d n ' Ex ii 1. Be el ' tsi n lf n d u t
ie e st n. Re p n e ts hbt ) v ry s e t y e t o o b
i '
mo
t tLia Guili i daed he i o pr di a f s vi o de ii Guilalo
ha s
l ntmi t
r nt ovi ng ale de poston.
l s
c
omm t caed wih Be l t s tup t m e tng a wli h Tuc r s d Beve l
mi t
t very o e
he e i t lc
ke ol
ry
t c i t wa i ve i t c i e. Guil c d ha be n c os he ocane, hus s nvol d n he rm
l oul ve e r s

e a n d a u h r r l i ( c e 'q d u - e ln e tr rs a d c u d h v
x mie bo t e oe n Tu k rs r g d aig n ep ie n o l a e
be n c os e m i e e i l noto y a
e r s xn ned xtnsvey
nl bouthe pe s la tonsi c r i
r r ona ci
n oe cng
t f le sae e fom J nnie Be ry buta
he as tt m nt r
e f r ve l
boutwhehe Tuc c l
t r ker oluded wih
t
he t pr tr t tf s sa e nt The c tfndst de ii no t calLia
r o ocle ha ale t t me .
our i
he c son t o l s

Gu l wa n td fce tp ro ma c ,a d ( c r fist d mo taep eu ie
il s o eiin ef r n e n Tu ke) al o e nsr t rj d c
fo t de ii n no t c l Guila rs ave y dn i c os - xn i ton.
r m he c so t o al l nd ik
r mag ng r s e m na i
Tuc r N o.C 1
ke ,
1 3008
259- s i op. a 4. The c t a e w ih t s a e co ts a l i .
00, lp
t
our gr es t he t t ur ' na ys s

Fis,Tuc r c nno s w t t co e ' pe f ma
rt
ke n t ho ha uns ls ror nce was dek i n . Col s c d
t et
m el oul
r as bl ha be n ptr ui a sr t gy t tm i m i d dedm e alc os - xn i ton whie
e ona y ve e ls ng ta e ha ni ze t nt r s e m na i
l
silefeci l i
tl f tvey mpea li Be ry. Cot elcoul ha r ogni d t tLia Guilwoul be
clng ve l
ms
d ve ec ze ha s
l
d

s b e tt p tnil s v r l d ma ig co se n n to . S wa Tu ke' grfin h d
u j c o o e tal e eey a gn r s- x miain he s c rs ilre d, a
y
f c lt t a waspr e f t c r l buy,ha c r d Be ry t s k wih Tuc rs
a iiaed nd
es nt or he ontoled
d oe ce
ve l o pea t
ke '
fr tat m e i a a tmptt de r ud t c t wa t ri c me ,a hadha as e Be ry
is to y n n te
o fa he our, s mde ndit nt nd
r s d ve l

on Fac boo ladi up t t til Sec Tuc rcn
e k e ng
o he ra. ond, ke nnots prj ce fom c e'
how eudi r ounsls
de i i n be aus a t
c s o c e lhough Li a Gtils t tm o w o d ha f t i pe c d Be ry,c li
s ll ' es i ny ul ve urher m a he
ve l a lng

he a7a wines as pr e t d a s rousrs ofpr e tc c os - xn i ton. Re r e s t
r
t s lo es n e
ei
ik
obl ma i r s e m na i
ga dl s , he

1
6

1

Comm o
nweat se de eno o y coro r t d Be ry' t si ny,butwast m hem i '
lh' vi nc t nl r bo a e ve l s e tnp
û
ove
l ng'
i e tbls ngTuc r sguit
n sa ihi
ke ' l.
The c t c l
our oncudes t t t sa e co ts de ii n w a no c r r t o a
ha he t t
ur'
c so
s t onta y o, r n
unr a ona e i e r t ton of Sti klnd,o a t ea o bl de em i to off c s t r f e
e s bl nt p e ai
, rc a
r n mr s na e t r nai n
a t ; he e or ,
t co tgr nt t moton t dim isa t Cl i 4.
he ur. a s he i o s s s o am
E. Cl m 5
ai
l Cli 5, Tuc r a r t t c
n am
ke ve s ha ouns l was i feci i t pl a ba gai pr es .
e
ne f tve n he e
r n oc s

S e iial ,c t e' ûe t a a tilt ito uc t e ( 1n vie ,a hs c repo ig
p cfc ly omsls l fz l t ra o n r d e h Ale 1 d o nd i or s ndn
r s

rf s lt c l Gig fTu k ra Lia Gui a d fns wi e s s c mp eey l e mie te
e u a o al n e c e nd s l s et e t se , o ltl md r n d h
l
n
pr ti r tona et tha be n pr s nt t M r Tuc f t ni down t Com monwe lh'
e ral a i l ha d e e e ed o . ker or ur ng
he
at s
ofe . Pe '' Pe .26. Tuc rf t ral gest tcouns lhad aç e roblgai n't t l Tuc r
f r' tr s t
'
ke urhe le ha
e
l a
cl
i to ' o el ke
i c ms lf tt tt unc r a e s
f ot e el ha G
an orobor t d uggesi fom Be ry ofi l nc ha ng be n e re
ton r
ve l
nfue e vi
e xe td
on he by a po e il de e e wines woul s e
r
t nta f ns t s
d om how pr l t de e e fom c li t t
ecude he f ns r
alng ha
wine s' s t tTucke coul m a a i o m e de ii n on whehe t ac ptt pla ba ga n.
t s , o ha
'
r
d ke n nf r d c so
t r o ce he e r i
Pe ' Pe .
fr s t 29.

On ha asr viw,t Lync
be e e he
hbur Ciy Cic tCour he d t f l ng:
g t r ui
t l he olowi

Th Co r rj cs Tuc e ' c n e to ta he i e tte t h v te
e u t ee t
k rs o tn in h t
s n ild o a e h
Co n at spla o fr ri ttd Th Co r ha rj ce te id vd a
mmo we lh' e fe ensae . e u t s ee td h n i iu l
c am s of i fe tve as itnc of c m s l Tuc r does not alege t t M r
li
ne f c i
s sa e
ot e .
ke
l
ha
.
M or howe f ie t a iehi o t pl ofe ,s M i s iv. y 1 S.Ct
c
r a ld o pprs m f he ea f r ee s our Fr e, 32
.

1 0 ( 01 ) o t t51.M o c o rerne u l a vs d hm a o talg lr l
4 9 2 2 , r ha 1 rh we ro o sy d ie i b u e a te
.
z
a ia e t hi c e,t a f c i t pl decson. Se La lr v.Cooper
pplc bl o s as hus fe tng he ea ii
e fle
,

1 S.Ct 1 76)( 2) The c ta e sM r Mor
32
. 3( 201 .
our cc pt . chowe ' tsi
rs etmonyt the
ha
ç dnotmakea gu r nt so pr iest M r Tuc rr r ng t out omeof
t
di
ny a a ee r om s o . ke ega di he c

hs til' ( s o d n ' Ex ii 1 . A d cso by c u s la o tt e us o
i ra. Re p n e ts hbt )
'
e iin
o ne b u h e f
wines esd
t s udng a tildoesnotpr de gr mds f ra de e ntS r vi apla
ra
ovi
ot
o
f nda o e ve e

o frh h srj ce , n Mr M o c we ' tcia d cso'n tt p e e tc ran
fe e a ee td a d . rho rs a tc l e iin o o rs n e ti

e de e i lg ofr ve a in ofa s he et pr s ntf let tmony t t Co t
vi nc n i ht e l to
c m o e e a s esi
o he ur
pr desno ba i f r a fndi ofdek i n pero ma . Se Ni v.W hiesde
ovi
ss o i ng
t e t f r nce
e x
t i ,

4 5U. 1 7( 98 )
7 S. 5 1 6 .
Tuc r v.Dil a N o.CL1
ke
lm n,
3008
259- si o a 5.
00, lp p. t

The c uta ee wih t sa e c tsdecson. TheAEDPA a Stiklnd' pr ny
ot' gr s t he t t our'
ii
nd rc a s oge
do not s
uppor t pr ii t t f de a ha s c t m a r i t t a pla ba ga n unde
t he oposton ha e r l bea ours y ensa e
e r i
r
Tuc ' cr lm sa es Tuc r does notcli t t c ms l al d t a ie Tuc r of t
kers icl t nc .
ke
a m ha ot e :f ie o pprs
ke
he
e se e oft pla de ,i o m e Tuc rofa i r e tl lr et tpr cl d Tuc rfo
xitnc
he e al nf r d
ke
n nco r c ega ul ha e ude
ke ' m
r
a ce i t pl a ba gan, o f ie t plr ue pla ne i to a al i a c e ofcea gul.3
c ptng he e r i r al d o zs
e gotai ns t l n as
l r it1

Cot elma ha c nge hi mi a
ms
y ve ha d s nd boutc lng Gi a Lia Uuila wine s ,but
ali
nger nd s
l s t ses
c
ouns lne mil d Tuc rby at dngli o r l sr t gy ofi a hi Be ry' c e biiy.
e ver se
ke
le
zs ve a l ta e
mpe c ng ve l s r di lt
The cr ui c ts r lng w a no c r y t o a um e ona e i e r t ton of
ic t our' ui
s t ontar o, r n
as bl nt m e a i
,
Sti klnd,or ba e on a t ea o bl de e mi ton of f c s Tuc r has no s
rc a
sd
n mr s na e t r nai
a t.
ke
t hown t t
ha

co elspe f ma e dudng t pl a ba gan pr s wasde i int a he f ist s
uns ' ror nc
.he e r i oce s
fce , nd
al o how t ,
hat
butf c ms lsal ged e r ,he woul ha pl d guit t r f e t c tgr nt t m o i
or ot e ' le
ror
d ve e
ly; he e or , he our a s he ton
t dimi sast Cl i 5.
o s s
o am

1 Tuc rcie s r c e , icu igFre Lalr Uni d Sae v. a n n. 8Fe Ap ' 51( t Ci.
3 ke ts eveal as s n ldn y , fe, t tts Brn o 4 d. px 4h r
e

2 0 ) a dFodv Pe tn,1 3 S.. 31 (9 ) b tno s p o tTu k rsag me t S eF v , 6 U..1 3
0 2 , n r . vo 6 E 2d 4 1 68, u ne u p r c e' ru n . e r e 5 6 S 3 ,

1 - (01)( u sl si fetv frn tifr n d fn a to tee se eo pe bagans)Lalr5 6
3840 2 2 Co ne wa nefcie o o nomip eed n fh xitnc f la r i .; fe, 6
U. 1 6 1 2(01 )( u e wa i fetv frifrun d fn a to ic re tlg l uet tldted fn a t
S. 5 , 6 2 2 Co nsl s nefcie o non g ee d n f n orc e a r l ha e h ee d n
t Ro l)o to a o p ru iyt pla g it a drc ietelwe sne eta wa ofrdt hi ' ; n no
o lse u n n p o tnt o ed uly n eev h o r e tnc h t s fee o m.) Brn n,
'
4 Fe . pxa 5 ( d fn a tcn ma eac lrbecam o iefcieassa c wh nc t e:()fist
8 d Ap ' t 3 A ee d n a k oo a l li f n fe tv sitn e e omsl 1 al o
c mmt ct te pe o fr ()gv s er n o s a vc d ng pe n g tains o () fi t p rue pe
o miae h la fe, 2 ie ro e u d ie mi la e oito , r 3 al o u s la
s

ng tain i acs whr g i wa cerlFod 13S. 2da 3 51 ( u sl siefciewhe h ddn t
eoito sn ae ee ul s la.; r, 6 E. t 1-6 Co newa nfetv n e i o
t
rq et c niu n ea rb mgip itdwi i amatro miue beo e(ee d nl s1e .l
e u s a o t a c le e t pone t n te f n ts fr d fn a twa tid' .
n
a
h
- '
18

VI.
I

Fort r as sa e t c twilgr ntt m otont dim is am 1i pr d a l
he e ons t t d, he our l ' he i o s s .Cli
a
s oee ur ly
bar d wihoute us ,r r es ,a1ca ms a e wiho me i. A n a opr a e o de w ile e
re t
xc e' ega dl s 1 li r t ut rt
ppr i t r r l nt r
t sda
hi y.
The Clr i die t d t s nd c e oft s me or ndlm o ri n a a co pa ng
e k s r c e o e opi s
hi m a l pilo nd c m nyi
or rt Tuc ra t c
de o ke nd o ouns lofr c d f Res
e
e or or ponde .
nt

E ER: hsl dyo Au ut2 1.
NT T i 6 a f g s, 0 7

Unie Stt Diti tJ
t d a es src udge

1
9