Davis v. Raines
Filing
33
MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 8/14/2018. (slt)
CLERTS OFFI U, . ST,
CE S DI COUR7
AT ROANOKE,
VA
FI
LED
At 1i 2 1
l
'
28
I TII UNITED STA TES D I
N
E
STR I C OUR T
CT
FO R TI E W ESTERN DI
I
STRI T O F W RG I I
C
N A
R OA NO K E D I SI N
W O
GA RY DA VIS,
J A C.DUD
ULI
C
BY:
D UW C K
CA SE NO .7:
17CV 00107
Pl ntf ,
ai if
V.
M EM O R AN DUM O PINIO N
STEPH EN R AJNES,
By: H on.G l E.Conrad
en
Sehi Unied St es Di ri Judge
or t
at
st ct
Def
endant
.
The pl ntif Gar Davi a V igi a i at proceedi pr j , fl d t s c vi a to
ai f , y
s,
r ni nm e
ng o - ie hi i l c i n
q
.
unde 42U. C.j1 algi t tStphe Raies aHe yCo t lw e ore ntofie ,
r
S.
983, le ng ha e n n , nr uny a nf c me fc r
u a f l s i e hi i Fr nkln Coun y an us d e e s ve f c a i thi ,i vi a i o
nl w ul e z d m n a i
y
t d e xc s i or e ga ns m n ol ton f
hi c tm to rght . Th m a t ri c r nty b f r t c ur o t de e nts m oto f
s onsi i nal i s
e te s ur e l e o e he o t n he f nda '
i n or
s e pons he e o.
e e e
h e d, he
t
s
ummay j me ,a Davi' r s es t r t Aftr r viw of t e r cor t cour
r udg nt nd
c nc ud st tt m o i n mus be g a t d.
o l e ha he to
t r ne
1. Backeround
Rane ,i te c ure o hi moe t n t nj ye r a sr a oft He r Co y
i s n h o s f s r ha we t as ege nt he ny unt
Sherf Of , had m e D avi on sever occasons. 1 t s i of 2014,Rai w as t
ifs Gce
nes
he
t
s
al
i 1 n he prng
s pe vio o t Crm i ll s i ton Di s o o t s r f o fc Som e of hi de i
u r s r f he i na nve tga i
vi i n f he he ifs f i e.
s putes
w e e i s i tng c s i w hi h Da s w a a s pe t On M a 22, 201 a i vesi a or
r nve tga i a es n
c
vi
s us c .
y
4, n n tg t
e aie Rai t s r i or a i r e ve f om a co i ntali o ma t t D a s ha
m ld
nes o ha e nf m ton ec i d r
nfde i nf r nt ha
vi d
obt ned m one i a bur ar t he had pur ed and m i be rdi i a 1 bur
ai
y n
gl y; hat
chas
ght
i ng n 998 gundy
1 Thi s a y of f t , lr l u s e e e whee noe i lke fom D a s c
s umm r
ac s agey ndiputd xc pt r td, s
n r
vi' ompli a
ant nd
e hbt ( No .1 1 , n 3 , n Ran s ald vt( No 2 -) Da i'e hbt icu ea icd n rpot
x ii ECF s , 6 a d 2 a d ie ' fia i ECF . 8 1. vs x iisn ld n n ie t e r
s
ta Ran sp e ae i J n 2 1 ( No 3 , t2 )a data srp o Ran s tsi n d rn ac u t ern
h t ie rp rd n u e 0 4 ECF . 2 a 5 n rncit f ie'et y uig o r h aig
mo
i Au ut 01 ( No 1 -)a o th L c y2Mak t n o ne wi Da i i Ma 2 4
n g s2 6 ECF . 6 1 b u te u k
re e c u tr t vs n y 01 .
h
Fo d Ex o e w ih i o r Vigi a t gs t tD a sw a c r yi a s no e r vol r lke y
r pl r r t mpr pe r ni a ; ha vi s a r ng nub s e ve i l
r a e t a b gl r u r i ve tga i a t t D a s h d r ce ty m a t e t t ha m
el t d o
ur a y nde n s i ton; nd ha
vi a e n l
de hr a s o r
hi s l a l w e or e e t of e s The e ai a s ls e l a i ns whe e D a s m i t be
m e f nd a nf c m n Gc r .
m l lo it d oc to
r
vi gh
f
ound. A r
ound t s e tm e,Rai acquied f om t s ifs ofice squad r
he am i
nes
r r
he herf
t
oom a Shot
s
s e 't ti l d D a s na e a phot a on a ls o i vi ual f rw ho d puteswe e
he t' ha nc ude
vi ' m nd
ogr ph
it f ndi d s o
m e i
r
sa c ng. Me Su Mot Summ.J, ne De l!7,ECFNo.28- Theho s e wane
e rhi
m. pp. .
.Rai s c.(
1.
t he t r d
of som e out t ng war ant f Davi ar es . On t eveni of M ay 30, 2014, Rai
sandi
r s or
s' r t
he
ng
nes
s at y I ned t Davi had outt ng war ant f a m idem eanor char i t Ciy of
epar el ear
hat
s
s andi
r s or
s
ge n he t
M a tns le a f t f l y c r s i He y Coun y f dr gt s s i a t r o f ns
r i vil nd or wo e on ha ge n nr
t or u pos e son nd hid f e e
do esi as a t Rai s a s be i ve t tD a swasa c nvi t d f l
m tc s ul. ne l o le d ha vi
o c e e on.
The nextday,M ay 31,was a Sat day,and Rai w as of dut and i casualcl hi
ur
nes
f y
n
ot ng,
wihouthi de y' b e o fr a m . W hie r ng a e r nd,he sop d a Luc y 2 M a ke
t
s put s adg r i e r
l unni n r a
t pe t k
r t
i Fr i Count f a drnk. A s Rai opened t door of t m ar ,D a s was w al ng
n ankln
y or
i
nes
he
he
ket vi
ki
o . Ra ne r o z d D a s i e a e y,c l d hi b hi tr tna e a a ke w ha he w a
ut i s ec gni e
vi mm dit l ale m y s i s m , nd s d
t
s
doi t r . H e t d Da st tH e y Cou y ha o sa ng w a r nt f rhi a r t
ng he e
ol vi ha nr
nt d utt ndi
ra s o s res.
D a sw a ke outoft e s or a a ou Ra ne , G um blng .. t thew a t e et pi k
vi l d
h t e nd r nd i s E
m
i
. ha
s hr o c
s t ngu ' I a ! 1 Rai beiveddurngt se o e t tDa src ze hi
omehi p. d. t ( 6. nes le
'
i hi nc untr ha vi e ogni d m
Da sc ledhi ç i s'a onepoit I a ! 1 Att ' e i ofwarnt,Da ss i t t
vi al m < ne' t
Ra
n. d. t 7. hem nton
ra s vi ad ha
heha da nc r of'he d. t!18 Rai ss i heG ed t c lds tht c fr 'a
d i ke ae 't m.I a
t
. ne ad l ed o al ipac o onim' nd
ne
be n dilngt numberonhi celph
ga ai he
s l one.I a !! 1 - 9.Het dDa st tQ ne de t
d. t 8 1
ol vi ha i e d o
he
w ai f a deput t ani ' Pl' Res Ex.B,ECF N o.
t or
y o ve.' .s p.
32.
2
M ea
nwhie, D avi Cbegan ' al ng ai l sl ao
l
s c
w ki
m es y rund t paki l (nd mot d
he r ng ot a ! i
one
twadab gun For Explrrpake i t l . Rane De .a !20.HeC ads mehi
o r ur dy d
oe r d n he ot' i s cl t
'
s i o t ng
s
t t e f c o ç o e on,Ra ne ,we' bee f i nds f ye r ,don' do m e lke t s '' l
o he f e t f c m
i s
ve n re
or a s
t
i hi .' d.
W he Da s be n wa ki t r t e Ex o e ,Ra ne t t p d i f o o hi a a ke hi
n vi ga
l ng owa d h pl r r i s E e pe n r nt f m nd s d m
s
t wai u i ( i )c d g ti t c wihdipac ora ofi rarve ' 1 a 21 Rane
o t ntl Ranes oul e n ou h t s th n fce ri d.' d. t . i s
s i t tt y ç e e g ng t w atf ra de y t a rve. P1' Re p. B,
a d ha he t r oi o i o
w
put o r i ' .s s Ex. ECF N o. D a s
'
32. vi
wal d a oun Ra ne a a oun t ve c e s a i û a d tdo t s' nd S u c n' do t s
ke r d i s nd r d he hi l , t tng, i n on'
m
hi ' a û
yo a t hi
t m e.' 1 Rai sai agai t tt dw er goi t w ai f adeput ' l
o ' d. nes d
n ha hey i e ng o t or
y.' d.
Fr t ot sde of t car Davi s d he needed t go get a f i f om i de t
om he her i
he ,
s ai
o
rend r nsi he
s or and wal i t diectbn. Rai w as s il on t phone,but was concer for t
t e
ked n hat r i
nes
tl
he
ned
he
s f t o bysan r , o h w a ke t w a d t s o e t o. He E hi f oti f on o t e doorno
a e y f t de s s e l d o r he t r , o
E
put s o n r t f h
t
alow i D avi t open i al t w a ' Pl' Res atEx.B. Accor ng t D a s Rai st
l ng
so
t l he y.' .s p.
di o vi, nes epped
i f ontofhi t bl hi pat t ar t m ar ,E aced hi f i f ontoft doort eby
n r
m o ock s h ow d he ket E
pl
s oot n r
he
her
usng bo l f c t blc ( vi )fe dom o mo me ta i t sme i tnc ,s hi
i diy ore o o k Da s' re
f ve n nd n he a nsa e mas ng
( vi' ha d i t doo c i physca ij y.z Pl' Rep.a 9 1 Da scl mst t
Da s1 n n he r ausng
i l nur ' .s s t - 0. vi ai ha
'
Rane Elmgdlt e rnc d a i t( s lf ha prve tng g m)t e tra c usng
i s t a e he nta e oor gans hi) et nd e ni hi o ne nd a i
s
ph ialij y,'ncl ngG
ysc nur 'i udi t
numbnes,s r pai ,a lc ofg i 'i hi l 'ha d.Compl3,
s hap ns nd a k rp' n s ef n
t
.
5,ECF N o.1.
A fe t do c os d,D a s s e pe ba k. Ra ne t e o ned t door a i e i d
t r he or l e
vi t p d c
i s h n pe
he
nd d ntfe
hi s f as a He y Coun y D e ut She if t t pe pl i i Da d Ca a y a To e
m el
nr
t
p y
r f o he o e nsde: vi nn da nd m ka
Chrsoh Rane ake t m t sa i iet sor frt i s ft b a ehebeive t t
ij n. i s s d he o ty nsd he t e o her aey ec us
le d ha
l enf cem enthad out t ng war ant f Davi arest
aw or
s andi
r s or
s' r .
2 Rane de e tatt do cos onDa s'ha .
i s nis h he or l ed
vi nd
A g n, i s a ke Da s who wasbe nd hi ,t w a twhie he c f r e t s a usof
ai Ra ne s d vi ,
hi m o i
l
on s m d he t t
t wa r nt . The t m e wa ked a y f o t s o e a D a s a ke Rai s s r tm e
he r a s
wo n l
wa r m he t r , nd vi s d ne eve al i s
t e s don' d t st me. Rane De la !23.Da st dRai st thewa e t gi hi
G a e t o hi o ' i s c. t
pl
'
vi ol ne ha
ntd o ve s
ke t hi f i nd i t s or Ra nes t d hi t y (we e no g ng a yw he e u i a de t
ys o s r e n he t e. i ol m he t r t oi n
r ntl
pu y
show ed up.'P1' Res atEx.B.
' .s p.
Des t Rane 'wani Ca da a d Chrsohn had se d ousd t make.
pie i s r ng, nna y n
ij
tppe tie he r t
Se i t m ,Da s t i t t o hi ke t Can a b t ke l nd on t e r oft
e ng he
vi red o hr w s ys o
nad y, ut he ys a ed
h oof he
m ar . Davi dr
ket
s opped a pl tc botte of t he w as hol ng and r t ar t hi a
as i
l
ea
di
an ow d he ghw y.
Ra ne pi ke u t botl a t e i a D a s hitng t Luc 2 M a ke sgn a t40 f e
i s c d p he te nd hr w t t vi , ti he ky
r t i bou
et
a y.Rane yele ûsop'a satdt c s Da s bu sop
wa
i s ld lt ' nd tre o hae vi, t t ped.Rane De la !2 Att
i s c. t 4. he
m a ke ' s gn,D a s alo sop d a t r d t r Ra ne . Da s E d hi r g ha pule
r ts i
vi s t pe nd u ne owa d i s
vi G
ha s i ht nd l d
ba k t w a dshi be tln unde hi s r' a ç a hol ng a bl c s m ia o a i pi t . I
c o r s l ie
r s hit' nd i s di
w
a k e - ut m tc sol' d.
'
a !2526.Het dRai st Se vehi t f kal e'a d( tou o hee. l a 26.Ranes
t ol ne o l a m he uc on ' n C t f r ' d. t
l
ge
'
i
t d D a s t t he S a a tm ptng t c ntnu t w a r n s a d t a he ne de t sa t r .
ol
vi ha
t s te i o o s he r a t n h t
w
e d o t y he e '
'
P1' Re p.a Ex. . D a st n r n o do n t hi hw a Ra ne di no ty t pur u hi . H e
.s s t B
vi he a n w he g y. i s d t r o s e m
c im e t o sa ng w a r n s w ih t He y Coun y dipa c r a t n r po t t
onfr d he ut t ndi
r a t t he nr
t s t he nd he e red he
i i ntt t Fr nkln Coun y She ips De rm e .
nc de o he a i
t
rf
pa t nt
Rai ssae ta Glq nopoitdurngo itr tondi Ie rputmyha o Da s
ne tts h t 'at
n i ur neaci d ve
nds n vi.
N o par ofm y body evert
t
ouched hi and Inevercam e i o physi cont w ih hi ....lnever
s
nt
cal act t m
t d hi hewa unde ar t i c t y ornotfe t l ve. Rai s De .a ! 30. The
ol m
s
r res, n usod
re o ea '
' ne cl t
e o e l tdli mi tsorls . l a !3
nc untr ase lve nue e s' d. t 3.
f
'
4
Fr i Count de i ar t D avi on J 1 2014,att Lucky 2 M ar . D avi
ankln
y putes resed
s
une ,
he
ket
s
l erpl
at eaded guit t t Henr Count f ony char f pos es on ofm et phet i and
ly o he
y
y el
ge or s si
ham
am ne
wa s ne e t t e ye r a t e mo hs i j i,wih t e ye r s pe d o t
s e tnc d o hre as nd hre nt n al t hre as us nde n he
c ndii of fve ye r good be vi . D a s a s pl d d guit a w a c c ed of t
o ton
i
as
ha or
vi l o ea e
ly nd s onvi t
wo
f l e i Fr n i Co y r a e t t e n s a is i t s ci l a to pos es i a
e oni s n a kln unt elt d o he ve t t s ue n hi vi c i ns s ng
Gr m as a convi ed f on and br s ng t fr m . For t e of ens , D avi was
ear
ct el
andihi he i ear
hes f es
s
sne e i Aprl201 t Gvey ar a t l mo hsi ji,wih t s ne e s pe d
e tnc d n i 6 o
e s nd weve nt n al t he e tnc s us nde
Gupon tm e s ved' awaii ti . M e .Supp.M ot Sum m .J. D ,ECF N o.28-1.
i
i er '
tng r al m
.
Ex.
Da s Gld t s j1 3 a ton i M ac 201 a sri t t () Raies a to
vi e hi 98 ci n rh 7, setng ha: 1
n ' cins
c tt e ()a unraona e s z e a () e e sve fr ,i vi ai oft Fourh
onsiutd a n e s bl eiur nd b xc si oce n olton he
t
Ame
ndme t Da s as a sre t s e ntlsae lw cli : ( Rane ,a He y
n. vi lo setd wo upplme a tt a ams 2) i s
nr
Co ny o fcr d tie Da i i Frn i Co ny o tie o hsj rs ito ,i voain o
u t fi e, ean d vs n a kl u t, usd f i uidcin n ilto f
n
Vigi aCo Ann.j1 2- A) a ( Rane 'a tonsc nsi sae1w t t ofasa t
r ni de
9. 250( ; nd 3) i s ci o tt
med tt a ors
sul,
batr a a uci Rane ha fldamoto f s
tey, nd bd ton. i s s ie
in or ummayj me sppore byaûda t
r udg nt u td f vis
a d um e t to a D a sha r s nde m a ng t m o i n rpe f rde i i
nd oc n a i n, nd vi s e po d, ki he to i o c son.
I D i si
I. scus on
A . St r ofReviw
anda ds
e
A c r s dgrn s
ou t houl a t ummayj
r udgme (i te mova ts
nt if h
n howst tt r i no ge ne
ha hee s
nui
diput a t an maeilfc a t mova ti e tte t j
s e s o y tra a t nd he
n s nild o udgme ta amatroflw. Fe
n s te a ' d.
'
R.Ci P.56a . t y E tra)dipue ove f t t tmi taf tt o c meoft s t
v. () '
Onl maeil s ts r acs ha gh fec he uto
he ui
unde t g r nglw wilpr ry prcl t e tyofs
r he oveni a l opel e ude he nr ummayj gme ' Andes v.
r ud nt'
ron
Li ryLo I .47 U. 242, (986 .A diput a tafc i ge neGft e de e
bet bbv.nc, 7 S. 248 1 )
s e bou a ts nui ' he vi nc
i
i s ht taras bl j y c ul rt n aveditf t no
s uc ha e ona e ur o d eur
r c or he nmovi pat ' L. The c ur
ng ry. d
' .
a
o t
m us vi t r d as a w hol and dr al r
t ew he ecor
e
aw l easonabl i r
e nfe ences f om t f t i t lght
r he ac s n he i
mos fvorbl t Da s a tenonmo ngpat Sha v,Stoud,1 F. 791 798 ( h Ci.
t a a e o vi, s h
vi ry. w
r
3 3d ,
4t r
1 4) Da sE y no rs upo t meeale tonsorde aso hi pla ng,butmus st
99 . vi '
ma t et n he r lgai
nil f s e di
te
'
s
f t s cfcf c ss ngt tt r i ag nui is f rti .3 Ander on, 477 U. a 248.
orh pe i a t howi ha he e s e ne s ue o ral'
S. t
Se ton 1 83 per is a a r e e pa t t ;1 a c vi a ton a i ta pe s f r a to
ci 9
m t n gg i v d ry o e i l c i ga ns
r on o c i ns
t
aken under col of s at lw t t vi at d hi cons iutonalr ght . Cooper v.Sheehan, 735
or t e a ha ol e s
tt i
i s
F.d 1 1 ( h Ci. 3 .Th ,os r i s
3 53, 58 4t r 201 ) us t u vve ummayj me o hi j1 3cli , vi
r udg nt n s 98 ams Da s
m us pr entdiput f s show i t Rai alhough of dut t actons (undercol of
t es
s ed act
ng hat nes, t
f y, ook i l
or
s a e lw ' t t vi a e D a s c tt tona rg st be f e f o un e ona e s zu e a or
t t a ' ha ol t d vi ' ons iu i l i ht o
r e r m r as bl ei r nd/
excessve f ce. 1
i or d.
B. Actons underCol ofSt e Law
i
or
at
Rai ar
nes gues t as an of - y Henr Count of
hat
fdut
y
y fcer actng out i ofHenr Count
i
sde
y
y,
he w a ac i a a prva e cii e a no unde c o ofsa e l w w he he e oun e e Da sa
s tng s i t tz n nd t
r ol r t t a
n
nc t r d vi t
t Lucky 2 M ar t 0n t bas s R ai ar
he
ke .
hat i , nes guest Davi hasf l t esabls t t es d
hat
s
aied o t ih he hr hol
çtt a to 'e rme to hi j1 cl ms Thec ur c nno a re.
c ae cin'rquie n f s 983 ai .
s
o t a t ge
ç fa i vi uali pos es e of sa e a t rt a pur t t ac unde t ta ho iy,
ç n ndi d
l
s s sd
t t u ho iy nd pors o t
r ha ut rt
hi a to i saea ton. Grfi v.M aylnd,378U. 1 1 (96 . Ont ohe ha
s cin s tt ci ' ifn
'
ra
S. 30, 35 1 4)
he t r nd,
Gll c oroflw ( saea ton r uie nte l e fo t r a h o j 1 3 a1meey
sthe ol
a or tt ci ) eq rme xcud s rm he e c f 98 1 rl
prva e conduct no m a t how dicrm i or or wr ul' Ros gnolv.Voor ,316 F.
i t
,
ter
s i nat y
ongf .'
si
haar
3d
51 523 ( h Ci.20 . Thus t c tmus de d whehe a ofduy polc ofie '
6,
4t r 03)
, he our
t cie t r n f- t ie fc rs
G vat actons' have a Gs t enty cl nexusw ih t St e t be f ry teat ast oft
ç
pri e i '
çufsci l ose
t he at o
ail r ed hat he
Stt isl 's a t c tt saea tonu rj1
ae tef o s o onsi tt ci nde 983.1
me
d.Re c ngt sdee nain Esa
a hi hi tnni to G
i
3 The c tha omitd i ena q ai mar , atr tons a ciai hee and ele r i t s
our s te ntr l uotton
ks le ai , nd ttons r
s whe e n hi
o ni e e wheeot wienoe
pi on, xc pt r her s td.
6
matrofnomai j me ,a t cie i lc rgi smplct ' 1 Thec tmus lokt
te
r tve udg nt nd he rtra a k i d i iiy. d.
'
our t o o
t ç tle oft a tpe f med' a t c r um sa es s r ndi i t d e m i whe he i
he G t
na r
he c r or ' nd he ic t nc ur ou ng t o et r ne
t rt
q lfe a s ea ton. Re nev.ChalsCt Co s 88 F. 870 8 2 ( h Ci.1 )
uai s s ut ci
ve
re v. mm', 2 2d , 7 4t r 989 ;
Rosi ol31 F. a 5 n. ( tngc urs rviw o (hettlt ofcrumsa e t tmi t
szn , 6 3d t 27 1 noi o t' e e f ' oaiy ic tnc s ha gh
t
be ro t que ton oft ne bewe n t c le ge a ton a t sae';M atne v.
a n he si
he xus t e he haln d ci nd he tt'
) ri z
Col 5 F. 980,98 ( s Ci.1 95)(s hehe apolc ofs ri a tngunde c o o sae
on, 4 3d
6 1t r 9
W t r ie tce s ci
r olr f tt
1w t ' on t nat e and cicum sances of t of ' conduct and t r atons p of t
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