Hall v. USA

Filing 27

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Chief Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 1/5/2018. (slt)

CL S OFFI U, DI IGOURT
ERK'
CE s. S'
S
ATRA OKE,
VA
FI ED
L

J 25 2 1
Ad
22
I TH E UN I
N
TED STATE S D I RI CO U RT
ST CT
FO R TH E W E STE RN D I RI O F VI I I
ST CT
RG N A
ROAN OU D I I
V SION

EARN E ST BRAD LEY H AT, ,
LA

D:DEP.
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u

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CLERK

CASE N O .7:7CV 001
1
56

Pet toner
ii
,
M.

M EM Um

D U M O PI ION
N

W ARD EN ,U SP M ARI N ,
O
Reg
ponde .
nt

By:H on.M i
chaelF. r
U bansd .
l

Cli fUnie S a e Diti t udge
ze
t d t t s src J

Ea ne tBr dly H al a f de a i at pz e ng prq . ,fld t spetton f awzt
r s a e
l, e z l nm el oc edi
K le hi ii or
i
- -

ofha a c u ,p s n t 28U.. j 2 5 ,c l ngn t vai t ofhi c f me t
be s op s utua t o
SC. 2 4 hal i g he l y
e
di
s on me n
i o snis
o a jdg ntby t Gz sCou y Cic i Cogt Repon ent fld a m oton t dir s
n u me
he e
nt r ut k . s d le
.

H al j 2 5 pei n,a d Halr s nd d ma i t ma tzrpe f d s iin. Afe
ls 2 4 téo n
'
l e po e , kng he te i or iposto
tz
h

z vi w oft r c d,t c ' c l
e e
he e or he out oncudest H alspe i i tm e ba r d a pr e ual
t
hat l' éton s i - r e nd oc dt l
y
de a t d wihoute us ,r quii t m oton t dir s t begr nt
f ule t
xc e e rng he
i o snis o
a ed.
1
.

Backgr
ound

On J 5 2 06 t e Gi sCo t Cic i Co tc n it d Haloft e c un sof
une , 0 , h l un y r ut ut o v ce l hr e o t
e
c t lkn wld u e Va Cod j 1 .- 61 a s ntnc d hm t tn y as a t l
a na o e ge nd r . e 82 3 , nd e e e i o e e t nd weve
ra hsi prs H aldi notpur ueposconviton t viw .
iont n ion. l d
s
t
ci e e

On J n a y 1 , 20 7 Hal fld t c r nt j 2 5 peii , algn t a h s
a u r 3 1 , l l he ure
e
2 4 t on l ig h t i
t
e
:

c nv c ns we e ivai be a e () j 1 .- 61A) i f cal unc nsit na t e t e
o ido
r n l c us 1 82 3 ( s a il
d
y o tt
mo l md r h
1H ali i f de a c t y pt ua t f de a c nvi dons i t Ease D it tof Ke uc y. Se Unie
l s n e r l usod us nt o e r l o c
n he t m sdc
nt k
e td

Sae v Hal No 71-r0 tts . l . :4c-2ART ( D.Ky No 2 ,2 1 ) Att d ofhsfd rlc n id n,Halwa o
,
E.
. v. 5 0 4. he me i e ea o vc o
l sn
pr don fom hi G ie Comt Cic tCo tc idons Halha az a s r e t il ilsntnc ofhi Gie
oba
r
s ls l y rui ur onvc . l s le dy e v d he ri a e e e
t
s ls

Comt c n ito , u h i si sbett ftr c td b Vignaa toi e fr ilt hsprb d n.Al o g
t y o vcinsb t e s tlu jc o uue uso : y rii uh ld s o voai i o a o t u h
l
ng
h
Halndal fe hs2 U.. j2 5 peio i t UntdSae DititCo t frteEatr Ditito Ke tk ,
lii l l d i 8 SC. 2 4 tin n he ie tts src u' o h sen src f ntcy
yl
t
t
z
p o e jrsid nfrlsp dd ni tefd rldsrc wh r tesaec u'ta c nvce lr a dwh s ' utd '
r p r uidc o o z e o s h e ea itit ee h tt o z h t o itd n n n o e C so y'
i
t
i
c
hei c aln igi lctd tustecs wa ta fre t teWetm Dit to Vigri. S e2 U.. j2 4 ()
s h l gn s o ae ;h ,h ae s znserd o h se sdc f zi a e 8 SC. 2 1a,
e
l
()
d.

Fou te h Ame cme a La e c v.Te a,5 9U. 5 8(0 3;a ()j1 .-61i
re nt
nl nt nd wr n e
x s 3 S. 5 2 0 ) nd 2 823 s
unç ttzi la a i d t hi .
onsit ona s pple o m
t
I
I.

Ti em Bat

Und rt Ant-er ds Efe tv De t Pe lyAc (
e he itro m fcie ah nat t AEDPA) a on -e rp dod
, ey a e
oflm iai f f de a ha ascor rt fom t lt tof
i t ton or e r l be
pus z r he a es :
ns

( t d t o wh c t e j g ntbe a fna b t c ncuso of
A) he a e n ih h ud me c me i l y he o l i n
die tr viw ort e r ton oft tm e f s ki s h r viw;
tc e e
he xpia i
he i or ee ng uc e e

( t dae o wlih t i dme tt fl g a a pl ai n c e td b
B) he t n lc he mpe i n o tn n p i to t a e y
i
c
St t ac i i vi a
a e ton n ol éon of t Cons iut or lws of t Unie St es i
he
tt bn
a
he
td at s
r m oved,i t a i ntwaspz ve e fom flng by s h St t ac i
e
f he pplca
e nt d r
ti
uc ae ton;

( te dae o whc t c nsiuina tg t asre wa i tal
C) h t n ih he o ttto l ih setd s ni l
iy
r cogni d by t Supr m e Cour ,i t rght ha bee ne y z ogni d by
e
ze
he
e
t f he i
s n wl ec ze
t Supt m e Cour a m a r t tvey a i a e t ca e on cola e a
he
e
t nd de etoac i l pplc bl o s s
lt r l
r vi w ;or
e e

/

(7 t dae on whc t fcua pr d c t of t e csm o cams
1 ) he t
ih he a t l e iae
h li t li
pr s nt d c d ha be n dicove e t ough t e r i eofduecii nc .
e e e oul ve e s r d e
he xe cs
ll
ge e

2 U. C. 22 4()1 .
8 S. j 4 d ()
A pe i
tdone c n Kt l't f t lha ass am e oflm ia i i t wa :s aat y
z a fol' he ede a be t t
i t ton n wo ys t tzor
t lng a equia e t lng. St tzor t lng oc uz when a pe i r fl a sa e ha as
oli nd
t bl oli
aat y oli
c s
étone les t t be

peéton wihi t f de a ha slm ia i pe i The f de a ha s sa ut oflm ia i
i
t n he e r l bea i t ton rod.
e k l bea t t e i t ton

i t n t ld f r t e duain of t e sae ha a p oc e i . 28 U.. j 2 4 d ()
s he ol o h t to
e
l tt be s t e dng
a
SC. 2 4()2 .
Eq tb e t ln o l o c r whe a peiine s ws f() t the ha be n pu sl h s
uia l ol g ny c u s n
i
tto r ho T1 ha
T
s e tli i
ng
t
n ls
rg t dig nt , a () t t s me e r o dna y ct um sance sood i li way' and
i h s l e l nd 2 ha o
i y
xta r i r ic t

prve e tmey fl p' Ho ln v.Fl i ,5 0 U..6 ,6 9 ( 1 ) (uo g Pa e v.
e ntd i l tn ' la d
i
orda 6 S 31 4 20 0 q én c

Di lemo, 4 , S 4 8 41 ( 0 ).
Gugil 5 4 U.. 0 , 8 20 5)
H al di notput ue diec orc lt r lr viw ;t t or ,li f r lha ss a ut of
l d
s
r t ola e a e e he ef e ts ede a bea t t e

l ttonsun rj2 4 e ptd i 2 0
i ai
mi
de 2 4$) x ie n 0 7.Halag st tli peioni é l b cus
l rue ha ls tt s mey e a e
i
2

La e c a Ma Do l v. Moo e 7 0 F.d 1 4 (t Ci. 2 3 sae a ne
wr n e nd c nad
s , 1 3 5 4 h t 01 ) ttd
w
c nsit ina t e a d t s t t same ofl iains un r j22 4()1 ( . Ho ve ,
o tt to l ' n e e he tt
z
ul
i tto
nl
de
4 d ()C)
we r
net z c e i a ii
ihe as s valng. La ence ha no efe on H als l ia
wr
d
f ct
l' i t éon pe i be us t
m
rod ca e he

Supr m e Cour de i t c s i 2003,t e ye r be or H als c c i M of ove ,
e
t c ded he ' e n
a
hr e a s f e l' onvi ton.
e r
e n i t cout a e s t t M o e r e t f de a ha s sa ut o lmia i t de
ve f he
' cc pt ha
t
os es t he e r l bea tt e f i t tons m r

â2 4 d()C)te G e ' eidsil udh vee prdi 20 4; lddn tfl hi p tto
2 4()1( ,h ' w'p ro tlwo l a x ie n 1 Hal i o ie s ei n
n
i
untl201
i
7.

Furhe m or ,H alha not de onsr t d t t he i e il d t t lng. I e di not
t r e l s
m
ta e ha
s ntte o oli
- d
l
pur ue a t viw be oz li f de a ha spe ii a he hasnotpt f r a e de e
s ny e e
f e ts e r l bea tton, nd
ofe ed ny vi nc
s
howi t hepuz ue hi zght Higenty a t ts ee r orlna ycic sa sood
ng hat
s d si s l
i l nd ha om xt a ci r t um tnce t
i hi w a a pr ve e tm ey flng.
n s y nd e nt d i l li
1 . Exhaus i and Pr
11
ton
ocedur D ef t
al aul

<Aq f d r lc'r ma notg a t a wrt ofha a c pus t a p é i r i sae
f e e a ol t y
(
z
rn
i
be s or o e toûe n tt
c t unls t pe ii r has ft te us e hi s a e r m edi by pr s ne g hi cam s
usody e s he ttone
ts xha t d s t t e
es
ee
s li

t t hg s saec t ' Ba rv. ro a 22 F.d27 ,2 8(t Ci. 0 )(i g28
o he ihet tt out' ke Coc rn, 0 3 6 8 4h t 20 0 cén
U.. j2 5 $() O'll n v.Boec e,5 6 U. 8 ,8 8 (9 9) To me tt
SC. 2 4q 19 Sl1
l'
va
rk l 2 S. 38 4 1 9 ).
e he
e us i r quie e , a pettone f us ha pr ent t t sa e c t bot t
xha ton e t m nt
ii r f t ve es ed o he t t our
m
h he
ope a f ct a t contoli lga prncpl .: Kas v.An eone 300 F. 48 501 02
z éve a s nd he
t lng e l i i es'
i
l ,
3d 7, -

(t Ci. 0 )( eta q ai maksa ctto o ùte ) f cam t tha no ben
4h r 20 2 i rll uott
nt
on r nd iain n td . E li ha s t e
A
prsntdt t hgts saec lt ne et l7 ma betetda e ha tdi ii ce rt t
e e e o he ijet tt ozt v rhees y tae s x use ft s la ha
t cli woul be pr edtr ly bared unde sa e lw i t pe i zate pt d t pr e
he l m
d
oc zal
r
r t t a f he dtone t m e o es nt

3

i t t sae c r. Ba e ,2 0. 3 a 2 8 (iig Gr v. t e lnd 5 8U..1 2 1 1
t o he tt ou t' k r 2 F.d t 8 ctn a Ne h ra , 1 S 5 , 6
'
( 9 6)
1 9 ).
H alne rpr e e hi cnm st t Supr m e Cout ofVig ni be a ehe di not
l ve es nt d s li o he
e
t
r i a c us
d
pur uediec r viw orsa e habea . M or ove ,he c nnott t n t s a ecolt t pz ty
s
t te e
tt
s
e t
a
e at o t t zt o ope l

e us hi cli sbe us t Hm e f 10t diec a c l e a r vi w hase r d. SeeVa
xha t s nm
ca e he
or 7 h z t nd olatr l e e
xpie
.

S Ct R. 9; . ej80 - 5 ( () e e o e Hal camsaee ha t dbu
up. . 5: Va Cod .1 6 4A)2 .Th r f r , ls li r x use t
'
def t d unde Ba r
aule
r ke .

f f a clm i def uled,t n pe ii r mus f lon t tc m unls he c s
<
l
li s a t he ttone
t ai
ha bi
es
an how

t tc us a p eucc o a fmd me tln ic rig ofj tc r g e c e l sde a t'
ha a e nd r j l e r t a n a as ara e usie niht x us n ful.
i
i
'

Belv. ue 4 3F.S pp. d 6 7 6 6( D. . 0 )(ilgFihe v. eo , 6 F.d
l Tz , 1
u 2 5 , 7 W. Va 20 6 ctn s r An lne 1 3 3
8 ,8 4 (t Ci.1 98 TheT a e' on r q ie apeiine t de nsr t t ts me
35 4 4. r 9 :.
h
f us 'pr g e ut s tto r o mo tae ha o
c
ff

o e tv fc o e tr a t t d fns i de E e f rs t c mpy wih t e S aes
bjcie a t r x e n l o he e e e mpe d I fo t o o l t h tt'

pr e urlr e' Muza v.Care ,4 7 U..47 ,48 (98 ) The T eu ie'p o
oc d a ul.
?
r
rir 7 S 8 8 1 6 .
f jd c ' r ng
pr
r quies a pe i
e r
téone t s
z o how t tt alge vi a
ha he le d ol éon ' ked t li at la s t nda
f
wor
o ls cua nd ubsa l
dia nt ge,i e éng li entr ti l wih eror of consi dona di e i . Unie
s dva a
nf c
ls ie ra t r
tm
l m nsons'
'
td

St esv.Fr d ,456 U. 152,170 (9 2.
at
a
S.
1 8)
,

Hal sno alge a yf csd mo taigt tobe t fco si de hi fo
lha t l d n a t e nsr tn ha jci a t r mpe d m r m
e
ve
z ii hi cqm sa a ea le s a ,a he ha nots n t ta e r wot t hi ac u l
asng s li t n rir t ge nd
s
how ha ny z or
ked o s t a
a s t nta dia ntge.
nd ubja il s dva a

1
V. Funda e a M i c ri ge of usi eExc pton
m nt l s a ta
J tc
e i
The S pz me Co r ha as e bld fdea c urs t r v e un i l a o
u e
u t s lo na e e r l o t o e iw tmey nd/ r
pr edm al defule ha s pe ii i t pe
oc
ly a t d bea ttons f he déone m a a c ot bl c nm of ac- l
r kes ol a e l i
t
ua
4

i noc nc . S e S hl v.Deo 5 3 U. 29 , 2 (9 ) Vc ign v. r i ,1 3 S.Ct
n e e e cu
l , 1 S. 8 3 4 1 959 oug i Pe kns 3
.
1 2 (01 ) Ho ve,f a a t a i noc nc pe i n
9 4 2 3 . we r or n cu l n e e éto
g o be c e i e s h a clm t q ie pe ne t s po thi alg do of
t
j
r dbl, uc li e ur s ééo r o up r s le a ns
c tt i l e r wih n w rla l p/ c - whe he i be e 'l t y
onsiutona r ot t e eibe pf t
i/z
t r t
xc pa or
u
s i néfc e de e, t us wor hy e e t s a count, or c ii a phygca
ce
vi nc t t t
y W ne s c
s
rtc l
i l
e de e t twasnotpr s nt d a ti l Be us s h e de e i obvi l
vi nc - ha
e e e t ra. ca e uc vi nc s
ousy

u valbl i t vatmaoiyofcss clmsofat a i c nc aerrl
na i e n he s jrt
a
ae, li
cu lnno e e t aey
s ce s ul
uc s f .

S hl , 3U.. t3 (mph ssa e )
c u 51 S a 24 e a i dd d .
H al ca
l nnot e us hi untm e i s and de aul u e S hl a M c g i
xc e s
i lnes
f t nd z c u nd
ouign

bec us he has not pr f r d a fne : e ul t y s i néfc e de e tuswothy
a e
ofe e ny f w' xc pa or ce i vi nc , t t t
e e t s ac
y wines count ,or crtc lphysca e de
s
iia
i l vi nce de onst i a c oz bl cqm ofa a
m
tatng ol a e li
cm l
i
nnoce . H e m e ey a gue t thei e
nce
r l r s ha
s xone a e be a eLa e a M oos i lda ed
r t d c us wr nce nd
e nvai t

Va Cod j 1 .- 1 s h a cam doe no s tsy t r q tme s oft e f nda ntl
. e 82 36 9 uc li
s t aif he e uie nt
h u me a
mic rig ofj éc e c p
s ara e us e x e éon.
The ef e t m e isofH alscni sa enote l t f de a r vim z
z oz , he rt
l' l m r
néted o e z l e e

2Halscl msa e as wihoutme i. l 201 'he Fom' Cic tCour ofAppeashel t tVa Code
ly ai r lo t . rt n 3,t
t r ui
h
t
l d ha .

â1 .-61A)wa ç tral idsig iha l fo tea t-o o p o iin'nBo r v. r wik 4 U..
823 4 s ç eil n itn us be rm h nis d my rvso 'i wes Had c , 78 S
ma y
l 6( 9 6 ;h rfr,h saueddno szvv La e c .Mo e 71 F.d 14,1 3(t Ci. 3 .Ho v ri
8 1 8 ) teeo e te ttt i t l ie wrn e os, 0 3 5 6 4h r201 ) we e,n
r
2 5 te S p e Co r o Vigni d cie te flo te maoi i M o s,a o tn a a to i tv ,
01 , h u rme u t f r i a e l d h olw h j rt n o e d p ig n uh rt ie
n
y
a
n ro ngc nsr cino Va Co ej1 .- 6 ( s a t sv ifo iv l ain
ar wi o tu to f . d 82 3 1A) o s o a e tr m n ai to :
d
l a c r a c wi teLa e c d cso ( . Co ej 1 .- 6lA)cn o ci naieprv t,
n co d n e t h wrn e e iin, Vaj d 82 3 ( a n t rmi l iae
h
z
nonc ecils
pmm r a odomy bewee c e i ad t,buti ca c i t r gult ohe f r sof
t n ons ntng uls
t n ontnue o e ae t r o m)
s do s h ass my i vi c l e f cbl s
o my, uc
odo nvol ng hidrn, or i e odomy,pr ttton i vi s
osiui nvol ng odomy a
nd

s d my i p bi. Th e s t at uae rme y i ta Co e j l .- ( i iv ld t te
o o n u lc e ay o ri lt e d s h t d
c
82361A) s n ai o h
extnt is pr so a y t prvae noncomme cala co e ua s my i vi onl
e t oviins ppl o i t,
r i nd ns ns l odo
nvol ng y
a t.
duls

To hi v Co nwe1h 2 9Va 2 0, 3 , 68S. 2 6 4 6 ( 5.
a l . mmo at, 8 . 2 2 4 7 E.d 7 , 81 201)
l
l To hl' r ltd j 2 5 p tto te Fo rh Cic i sae ta te c u twa n tb t b Mo s
n g ils eae
2 4 eiin, h u t rut ttd h t h o r s o omd y o e

b c u eS ro t Mooe ...t j p e Co r o Vigni n ve drcl c nfo tdteq eto o wheh ri
e a s ç ir o s
p
he u rme ut f r i a e r ie t o rne h u sin f te t
y
s da
houl dopta a hort i na r ng c tuci oft ant- do saut.' ToRhilv.Clr ,877F. 547
n ut iatve, rowi onsr ton he iso my tt e'
l
a ke
3d ,

2 1 U. Ap LEXI 2 3 9a * 9(t Ci. 01 ) Fu te,teFo rh Cic ihedta te S prmeCouto
0 7 S. p.
S 5 6 t 1 4h r 2 7 . rh r h u t rut l h t h u e
t' f
Vigni' a o to o f n a t rttv ,nar wig c ntu to o tea t-od my saue ( sv si fo ttl
r i as d pin f s uhoiaie ro n o srcin f h n is o ttt 1 a e t rm oa
a
i i ton,'a t tc t cton wa notco r y t o anunr a ona ei epr tton of f r ll 1
nvaldai ' nd ha onsru i s
ntal o, r
e s bl ntr eai k ede a aw. d.
Hee,Halwas co ctd o s
r
l
nvi e f odomy i vi a c l The c ta e wih t Su e Co tof
nvol ng hid.
our gr es t he pr me ur

Vigni a dteFout Cic i' a ayss teeoe Va Co ej 1 .- 61A)i n ln e fcal u c ntmto a
r i a n h t' ruts n l e ;h rfr , . d 82 3 ( s o o g r a il n o si in l
h
y

V.

For t r s s a ed,t cour GRA N T S t m oton t dinas . H alspe on i
he ea ons t t he
t
he
i o s is
l' e
s
tm e ba r d and pr dur l def uled wihoute us A n a opra e or rwile e t s
i - te
oce al a t
y
t
xc e.
ppr i t de l nt r hi
da
y.

TheCl r i die e t s nd copi oft sm e or ndtm opi on a ac pa ng
e k s r ct d o e
es hi m a z
'
ni nd com np'
or t H ala t couns lofr or f Re ponde . F'tle ,fndi t tpe
der o l nd o
e
ec d or s
nt ltn r i ng ha édonerha .
s
f ied t m a a s t
al o ke ubsanda s
l howi oft de a ofa c dt
ng
he nil
ons udona tghta t quied by 28
li
se t

U.. j2 3()1, crzct ofa aa lyi DENI
SC. 25 c()a et ae ppelbit s
i
ED.
ENTER: l
Tls
i

da of a ua y 2 8
y l n r , 01 .

/ /* '
+ '
4,4 /. &-' '
*,

'

ChifUnie S ae Di 't ud e
e td tt s s l g

unde Toc l' nar wi consr to a Hal i note ild t r le ont me isofhi cl m sbe us Vigi a
r hils ro ng
tucin, nd l s
ntte o eif he rt
s ai
ca e r ni

i e tte t p o i ts d my wi mi r u d rLa e e Se La e c ,5 9U. a 5 0(Thi cs d e n t
s n i d o r hbi o o
l
t nos n e wrnc . e wrn e 3 S. t 6 ç s ae o s o
h
iv lemios'
n ov n r.)
'
'
6