Richardson v. Unknown

Filing 21

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Glen E. Conrad on 7/28/2017. (tvt)

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CL S OFFI U, DI
ERK'
CE B. SI
AT RCASOKE,
I
VA

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JUL 22 2 1
27
I TH E UNI
N
TED STATES DISTRI COURT
CT
FOR TH E W ESTERN DI
STRI OF W RGI A
CT
NI
R O AN O K E D I I O N
V SI
BR I R I AR D SO N ,
AN CH

JULA
i
BY-

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CA SE N O .7:
17CV 0021
2

Pl ntff
ai i ,
V.

M EM O R AN DU M O PP W O N

RED ONI STATE PRI
ON
SON ,1

By: H on.Gl n E.Co
e
nrad
U ni e St e D i t i tJudge
t d at s s r c

D ef
endant
.

Bra Riha ds aVigi a i t pr e ng pr K ,fl d t scvi rght aci n unde
in c r on, r ni nma e oc edi
o
ie hi i l i s to
r
.

4 U. C.j1 8 a an tl n me o fcasa Re On o Sae P io (ç d On o ' t a h
2 S.
9 3 g i s l n d fi il t d i n tt rs n l
n
Re in' h t e
)
bei ve a e c pii a ns hi . Afe r vi oft r cor t co tsl ma iy dim is
le s r ons rng gai t m
tr e ew
he e d, he ur lm rl s s es
t c
he ompli a nme m e sa fi ous
a nt nd
nd nt s rvol .

l iha ds s i ta s
tc r on' niil ubmison was a lte t t c t He c pl ne a
si
e tr o he our.
om ai d bout
uns cii d vi a i ofli rght by prs ofi i l .H edi noti ntf a def nda si t
pe fe oltons ls i s
ion. fc a s
d
de iy ny e nt n he
tte oft ca e I lt r lte s he me i d s
il
he s . n ae e tr ,
ntone ome ofi r by na a a lged,i ge r l
fce s
me nd le
n ne a
t r ,co pia e r a e t i om i l galm al ve balt e t, a f l e t r s
e ms ns r cis elt d o nc ng e
i, r hr a s nd aiur s o e pond t
o
gre nce .2 Riha ds n a s lse s ve a da e whe one ofie ha a lgedl s a d hi
i va s
n
fc r d le y pr ye m
c r o l o it d e r l t s

wih ma e. W c r on t n s te a j1 3 f whih i ntfed o y Re Oni a a
t c
ha ds he ubmitd
98 onn c de ii nl d on s
de e nt Thi frtn e
f nda .
s is m nded c
ompli alege t tan ofi e had r m o d f ie s fom
ant l d ha
fc r
e ve ood t m r

1 I an a ende compl nt Riha ds na Ske Onin Stt Prs 'ast defndant A c or ngl
d
ai , c r on mes ç d o ae ion' he e
l
n
m
.
c di y,
t c twildiec t clr t s tt et se iyon t doc ti plceofç
he our l r t he e k o ubsiut hi ntt
he ke n a
l
unknown.
'
'
2 R.iha ds n a kst c tt e m pthi 9om t r quie e t theexha ta ia e a i sr i
c r o s he our o xe
m
he e r m nt ha
us valbl dm nitatve

rme isb fr tl galws i.Hei a vsdta ti rq rme ti sauo y Se 4 U.. 91 9 ea.
e de eoe ii a ut
n
s d ie h ths e uie n s tttr . e 2 SC. 9 7 ()

'

Ri ha ds n' br kf s ta on M a 1 201 a on t s ba i,Riha ds n s
c r o s ea a t r y
y 4, 7, nd
hi s s c r o oughtt ha t
o ve he
of e fr d.3
fc r ie
Attzspoi i t l ui,t c te e e a o de g a i Ri r on t ry da t
li nt n he aws t he our nt r d n r r r ntng cha ds hit ys o

fl a ame d c ant i ntf ngpr rdee nt a ce ry sai hi j 1 cams
ie n nde ompli , de iyi ope fùda s nd lal ttng s 983 li .
The or r s c fc l a s d hi t tRed Oni wasnota pe s n t t c d be s d unde
de pe ii aly dvie m ha
on
r o ha oul
ue
r

j1 a t tt n nde c ants ul ma ac eesae ntofa1oft cli he
983 nd ha he me d ompli ho d ke omplt ttme
l he ams
wihe t brng i t lws t Theor rsaed:
s d o i n he a ui.
de t t

t n nd d c mp an mu t ()ce ry ie tf p ro t)a d fn a ts;( )
he me e o lit s: a la l d n iy e s n s s ee d n t) b
sa e f cs a
tt a t bout s i aci ns t ra n by e h def nda ,pe s ly,i
pecfc to mde tke
ac
e nt r onal n

vo ain o lih r s n sc nsiuin ldg t;()saewh tijl Rih r o
ilto f kc ad o ' o ttto a h s c tt a nt y c ads n
r
hass f r o f a shewils f ,a ar s tofe c de e
ufé ed, r e r
l ufer s e ul
a h f ndan ' vi ai ofhi
ts ol ton
s

rg t;a d ( )saewh tr le h s e s(.. n tr d ma e o ac ur o d r.
ih s n d tt a eif e e k ie mo eay n g s r o t r e)
I one de e nt has t ke unc tt i l ac i ns a i t Ri ha ds o m or
f
f nda
a n
ons iutona to ga ns c r on n
e
t n one oc aso Ri ha ds m us pr de c
ha
c i n, c r on
t ovi omplt f c s a
ee a t boute h o t e
ac f hes
e nt ,i de al hem a notsm pl ls t daes
ve s n t i;
y
i y it he t .

Or r3,ECF N o.1
de
7.Theor a s wa nedRihar on t tf llet fl a a nde
der lo r
c ds ha aitr o ie n me d

c mplitwo l rs l i d s sa o ti c s wi o t eudc .
o an ud e ut n imis l f h s a e t u prj ie
h
I rs ns t t e o d r Rih r o s b te a s c nd j 1 8 fr l tl s c n
n epo e o h r e , c ads n u mitd e o
9 3 o m. n ls e o d
i
a e dc
m nde ompli t he name onl Red Oni n St t Prs msa def nda a sa e t s m e
an,
d y
o a e ion
e nt nd t t d he a
c am a
l i boutf ie sbei r m o d fom hi ta on M a 1 Aga n,he as t ha t t
ood t m
ng e ve r
s ry
y 4.
i
ked o ve ha
'

ofie fr d, a s as f rmone a y dn a .
fc r e but lo ked o
t r m ges
Ri ha ds n ha a s s i t d a he doc l e t t t c t c t ue as a he
c r o
s l o ubm t e not r
lm nt ha he our onsr s
not r

m oto t n e
i n o m nd. He e,he a lge t tRe Ori n of i l a e c pii t vi ae prs
r
le s ha d lo fc a s r ons rng o ol t ion
polci ,mite t i t ,a t n c
i es sr a nma es nd he overup t i mic
he r s onduc usng a G ue W a lof Sie s
t i
t
Bl
l
l nt

gil' G ltr tci s,'a co pia y wih c tpes
sc,' t iay a tclq' nd ns r c t our ronnelnea Red Ori P1' M o.
mi
r
lon. .s t
Am e 4- ECF N o.20. Riha ds n lsse nt t thebele sha vi a e hi consiu i
nd 5,
c r o it ve s ha
ive ve olt d s
tt tonal
3 Riha ds n i adviedt tr nai ac r c i ofi e fom empl nti notaf m ofr le
c r o s s hat e mi tng ore tonal tc r r
oyme s
or
eif

a albeu d rj1 8
v i l n e 9 3.
a

s ae
c i ns i e
n t r d
ve c ds n
a r
ve
rght : on i ol t d oc as o snc 2007,a ofk e di not gi R i har o a m e l tay,ga
i s

hi a ba m e ta put f i hi Koolad,orr m ove t c ke fo hi ta i J nua y
m
d al r y,
ood n s
-i
e
d he a r m s r y; n a r
2009,ar ofie pt hed t outi e ofhi c l wi
l fc r mc
he sd
s e l ndow az cal d hi a l ec ofs f' ofi e s
ld le m l e hi ; fc r
pi
ha ti m a tmes t sn t ta sotc r o li f r ,o e ca i hi t c hi
ve red ny i
o lm he r y l ove n ls mge s nc usng m o ut s
t
humb;on J 1 2009,a of rr f s d t gi Riha ds n a s w e ;on J y 26,2011 a
une 8,
n fce e u e o ve c r o
ho r
ul
,n

o tc rG eieaeyse pe o t b c o (te ad o s s o rs o tyngt c u er mjt
fi e t lb rtl tp d n he a k f lih r s n'l h we h e r i o a s hi o
d
f ldo t sar t lt ld ah' a do oh ro c so , fkesd dno alw l m t h l t e
al wn he tis o l s e t ' n n t e c a ins o f r i t l l o od h
i
;
o i
r i wh l g ig d wn tis t u b dlilu p rb c ae i ah mo e u lmn ne, o v r al
al ie on o sar,G ble l p e a k r a n o s x a n r' r eb l
r
s
'
y
t e t ne t hn hi .1 a 6,1 1
hr a e d o nn m d. t 0, 2.
l
l.

The co lt i r quied t dimis a a ton or ca m fld by a prs r a i t a
tr s e r o s s ny c i
li ie
ione gans
gove nme a e iy o ofi e i t c tde e mi st aci n orcai i fi ous m ai i ,
r nt l ntt r fc r f he our t r ne he to
l m s rvol , lcous

o fist saeacam o wh c rle ma beg a td. 2 . S. j 1 5 b ( ) To saea
r al o tt li n ih eif y rn e 8U. C. 91 A( )1.
tt
c us o a to u e 1 8 ,a pan ifmus e tbls t a h h s be n d p i d o rg t
a e f cin nd rj 9 3 litf
t sa ih h t e a e e rve f ih s
gua a ee by t Consiuto or lws o t Unied Stt s a t tt s de i ton r ule
r nt d
he
tt i n
a
f he t
a e nd ha hi prva i es t d

fom c
r
onduc co mitd by a pe s aci t de c orofsa e lw . W es v.At ns 48 U.
t m te
r on tng m r ol
tt a
t
ki , 7 S.

42( 988 .
1 )

Theo l d f n a tt a Rih r s n n me i h ss c n n n e j1 3 c mpliti
n y ee d n h t c ad o n s n i e o d me d d 98 o an s

Re On o Stt Prs nis l. I i welstldta asaec n o bes du d rj 1 8 .W i v.
d i n ae io tef4 t s l e t h t tt n n t ue n e 9 3 l
e
l
M ihi nDe tofStt Polc 491U. 58,71( 989)Ct jihe aStt norisof i sa tng
c ga p'
ae ie,
S.
1
l et r ae t fcal ci
i t rofki c pa ii ael ro 'lnde j1983. Thi nzealoa i t G r me a
n hei t al a ctes r pes ns l r
'
3. s l s pples o i n ntl
gove
e iis t t a e c i r t r oft St t f r El ve h Ame e pur e . 1 a 70.
ntte ha r onsde ed a ms he a e' o e nt
ndm nt pos s' d. t
'

4 Rih r s nd e n trfrt a yidvd l fc ra ad fn a ta dd e n tls a ys c pes n s i
c ad o o s o ee o n n iiua ofie s ee d n n o s o it n u h ro t) n
tetteo tesc n a n e c mpan a rq ie S eFe R. v. 1 ()Cca in;Nameo Paris ..
h il f h e o d me d d o lit s e urd. e d. Ci *. 0 a
pto
f te. .
Th tt o tec mpan mu t a alh p ris . .)
e il f h o lit s n me 1te at . .'
e
e
'
3

The e or co r c i
r f e, r e tonalc nt r ,a e ii oper t by t Com monwe lh,a e no ç r ons'
e e s s nttes
aed
he
at r t ç s '
pe

t tca bes d t rj 1 a Rihar on' camsagans Re Ozi mus bedimisd,
ha n ue mde 983, nd c ds s li
i t d lon t
s se

p ru n t j1 5 b ( )
u s a t o 91 A( )1.
I a eve ,Riha ds n' c r ntal gato do no sae any aci na e ca m unde
n ny nt c r o s ur e le i ns
t tt
to bl li
r

j 1 8 a an ta o .Hi va uea srin o ac ns ia y wi o ta y fcsa o ttea to s
9 3 g is ny ne s g se t s f o pr c , t u n a t b u h cin
o
h
o idv d a o scas f i t saea y a to a l j1 8 cam. Hik ev Ci o Clr s u g
f n ii u l f il, al o tt n cin b e 9 3 li
n l . t f ak b r ,
v
81F.d41 , 21(t Ci.1 9 )( odngt a t saec n pr c cam, litf mus saefcs
3 6 4 4 h r 9 6 h li h t o tt o s ia y li p an if t tt a t
t a wo d te s n bl la t t ifr n e t t( ee d n s po iiey o t cty c me t a
h t ul t a o a y e d o he n e e c ha d fn a tq stv l r a il n o
r
mu l t e sa ig t ty t a c mp ih a c mmo a u lwf l pln'. Smi ry
ma md rtndn o r o c o ls
o n nd n a u a '
) i l l,
a
liha ds has saed no c tt i na c am bas d on o t e s'al ge ve balc
tc r on
tt
onsiuto l l i
e
fk r le d r
omm e s a
nt nd

g su e ao e s eHe se v Le s 1 3 Fe . p' 1 9 1 9 (t Ci. 0 5 (iig Col n v
et rs ln , e n le . wi, 5 d Ap x 7 , 7 4 h r 2 0 ) ctn
ls.
i
Ct v 6 3 F.d 8 5 8 7 ( 0h Ci.1 7 ),o b s d o t er alg d f i r t r s o d t
md , 0 2 2 , 2 1 t r 9 9) r a e n h i le e al e o e p n o
u
imaer q e t a g iv n ef nns Se Ad msv. c , 0F.d7 , 5( t Ci. 9 4 (t he
n t e u ss nd re a c o . e n
Rie 4 3 2 7 4h r 1 9 ) <T)
(
Consiuton c e t s no e tte e t g va e pr e es or a e s t a s h pr e e
tt i r a e
n ilnA nt o de nc oc dur
cc s o ny uc oc dur

v ln ai etbihe b asae'
ou trl sa ls d y tt y
).
The Ei t Am e
gh h
ndme ,whi a i t t sa e t rt Due Pr e s Cl us oft
nt
ch pples o he t t s mde he
oc s a e he
Foure nt Am e e , G o e t i t fom i l ne team e a c tons whie
te h
ndm nt ç t c s nma es r
pr
nhlma r t nt nd ondii
l

i rs ne . W il msv. n n n 7 F.d75 7 ( t Ci.1 9 ) ç-j eCo siuin d e
mp io d' li
'
a
Be imi , 7 3 6, 61 4h r 9 6 . Gfh n t to o s
g
t
no ma t co f tbl prs ,'ho e r a c tons t t a e t e ti tve a e n
t ndae m ora e ions' w ve , nd ondii
ha r t srci nd ve
r
ha s ...a e pa tof t pe ly t t c i i lof e r pa f t i of e e a ns s i t '
rh
r r
he na t ha r m na f nde s y or he r f ns s gai t oc e y.
'

Rho e v.Cha ma 4 2 U. 3 7 3 7 4 ( 98 ) I i wel etb ihe t t l ny t
ds
p n, 5 S. 3 , 4 - 9 1 1 . t s l sa ls d ha G l he
o
Inne es a y a wa on i lci n ofpan i ia e t Ei h Ame e . See W is v.
l c s r nd nt nfito
i mplc t s he ght
ndm nt'
'
lon

S i r 5 U. 2 4 2 7( 9 )(n en l u tto mak a dctto so te )
et , 01 S. 9 , 9 1 91 itr a q o ain r s n iain mitd .
e
4

To s san a u c nsi to a c n iins cam, a p io e mu t s w t a: ( )
u ti n n o tt in l o dto li
u
rs n r s ho h t 1

o j ci ey t d p i to wa s fiin l sro st a i d nid hm lh mii lcv l e
b e tv l, he e rvain s u fce ty e iu h t t e e i G e n ma iii d
t
z
me s r o lf ' ne e ste ' n ( )s b e tv l,t d fnd n p io o fcas a td wih
a u e f ie s c siis' d 2 u j ciey he ee a t rs n fiil ce t
-a
G i r t i fe e t i ae he t o s f t ' Fn me v.Br nna 511 U. 825, 8
t be ae ndif r nce o nm t alh r a ey.
del
' r r
e n,
S.
34

( 9 4 (n en lq o ain maks o te ) F r a c nsiuin ly sg iia td p i ain t e
1 9 ) itr a u tto r mitd . o
o ttto al infc n e rv to , h
prs r m us s
ione
t how l i fc nt physc o e o i
G gnii a
s
ial r m tonalhn m,or a gr ve rs o s h hn m,
r
a ik f uc
r '
'

rs tngfom t c l dc to .Sha v.Smih,71F. 1 1 ( h Ci.1 .
e uli r he halenge ondiins kka
t
3d 62, 66 4t r 995)
Riha ds n' c
c r o s ompl i s a
ant boutc ii a Red Oni do no sa e a co tmtonal
ond tons t
on
t t t ny nsi i
c am ,be a e he doe nots
li
c us
s
how how he s f r a t i fc ntphysc ore i hn m'
ufe ed ny t gni a
s
ial motonal r '
fom t e c tons 1 Fis,mi sng a mea o a f ie on iol td oc asons i nota
r hos ondii . d. r t s i
l r ood t m
s ae c i
s
s fce l s rousde i ton t gi rs t a c tt tona cli .Se e. ,W liev.Gr r
ufi inty e i
prva i o ve ie o onsiu i l a m
e, g. lt
eao y,

1F.d 26 ,2 9 (t Ci.1 9 )(fimig d src c u ts ds sa a f v luso imaes
3 7 6 4 h r 9 3 afr n itit o r' imis l s z oo f n t '
i
cai t the r eve onl t meas pe da durng we ke ,bec us i ae al ged no
l m ha
ec i d y wo
l r y i
e nds
a e nm t le

sg iia tr s lng ij r ) Se o d e e t o g ma e ma c u e s me d s o o t pi o
i nfc n e ut nu y . c n , v n h u h c y a s o ic mf r, zs n
i
ofi i l m a l wf l us i t r ga n co r a s ey i a o it cic l sa e . Se e. ,
fc as y a uly e t o e i ntol nd aft n ppr pra e r lm t nc s e, g.

Soov. c y 7 4F.d 1 6 1 0(t Ci.1 4 ( l igt tçtheus o ma e ta g so
t Dike , 4 2 2 0, 27 7h r 98 ) hodn ha G l e f c , e r a r
g
o he c m iala ntoft lkenatr whe r as na y nec s a y t pr ve rot ores pe o t
t r he c ge
he i
tze
n e o bl
e s r o e nt i s
ca r o

s b u rc li a tprs n r d e n tc n ttt c u la il ma pu ihme f). Alh u h
u d e e act n io es o s o o si e r e nd nrl n ns n
r
u
to g
a s d t do s Riha ds n ha notpr ded s fc e t dea l a
dvie o
o, c r o s
ovi
ufi i n t is boutt cicl sa eswhe
he r lm t nc
n
o l e s s a d hi w ih m ac t s a e a c tt i lc ai i t sc e.
fk r pr ye m t
e o t t ny ons i ona l m n hi as
m

Fi ly,ma ofRihar o sc
nal
ny
c ds n' ompl i sc
ant once n i i nt t toc ured m or t n t
r nc de s ha c r
e ha wo
yea sbe or hefld t sc e.Suc c am sa eba r d t rt a i a e sam eoflmia i ,
r f e ie hi as
h l i r z e mde he pplc bl tt
i t tons

Va Co eAn j80 - 5 A)2 . A j 1 8 cam ta o c re i Vigni mu tb fldwi i
. d n. .1 6 4( ( )
9 3 li h t c u rd n r i a s e ie t n
h
5

t ye r 9om t da e whe t pl i ifkne oft de e ntshn t li . Se Shet v.
wo a s
he t
n he antf
w
he f nda ' nn o zm
e lon

An eo e 1 8 F.S pp 2 6 0 6 7 ( . Va 20 ) afd 49 F. p' 4 ( t Ci.20 2
R ln , 4
u . d 7 , 7 W D. . 01, f',
Ap x 51 4h r 0 )
(mp bihe ) c r. e id 5 8U. 9 4 ( 0 ) W h n tec ur fn si ce rfo t fc o
t u ls d , e td n e , 3 S. 6 20 3 . e h o t i d t la r m he a e f
t c pl ntt tt pl i ifs cli s a e tme ba r d,t c tm a ml m a y dimi st
he om ai ha he antf
am r i
r e he our y m dl s s he

a to a f o o st e j 1 1 A( )1 . I .(p l ig e rirveso o 2 U. C.j 1 5 d )
cin s dv l u md r 9 5 b () d a p yn a l ri n f 8 S.
e
91 ( ).
Thus a cl i t t l i ha ds n m a be a tm ptng t brng i t s a ton bas d on e nt t
, ny a m ha t c r o
y
te i o i n hi c i
e
ve s hat

oc ure mor t nt ye sbeor hesl t j1 acin onM a 1 201 i tme- re
c rd e ha wo ar f e
ed Ms 983 to
y 7, 7,s i bard
a m us be di m i s a s h.
nd
t
s s ed s uc

Fo te ra o sae t e c u tds se lih r s n' c mp an wi o tp eu ie
r h e s ns ttd, h o r imis s tc ad o s o lit t u rj dc ,
h
pls a t t j1 1 A( )1, a f lu . Th Clr i drce t s n c pis o t i
t u n o 9 5 b ( ) s dvoo s
r
e ek s ie td o e d o e f h s
me or ndlm opi o a a ompa ng or rt pli if
m a l
ni n nd cc
nyi
de o a ntf .

ENTER:Thi 48A d yo J y 2017.
s
a f ul,
Unie Stt sDititJ
t d a e src udge

6