Tyree v. GCA Services Group Inc.

Filing 34

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 1/9/2018. (ck)

ctERK' OFFI U. .DI .COURT
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VI ON

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DEPU CL
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D YLA N L.
TYREE,

Ci lAci n No. 1
vi to
7: 7CV003
28
Pl ntf,
ai if

M EM ORANDUM OPI
NION
V.

Hon.Gl n E.
e Com'd
a
Se o Unie Stt sDititJ
ni r t d a e src udge

G CA SERV I
CES G ROU P,I C.
N

De e
f ndan s
t.
D yl n L.Tyr e,pr e ng pr K,fld t sa ton a i thi f me e oye ,GCA
a
e
oc edi
o
ie hi ci gans s or r mpl r
.

Se vc sGr u I . (
r ie o p,nc (( '. Ty e ' n n e c mp an a s rscamso ds rmiaina d
GCA'
) re s me d d o lit s et li f ici n to n
rtlain t e Til Vl o t eCii Rih sAc o 1 6 (lil V17 ,4 U. C.j 2 0 et
eaito md r te I f h v l g t t f 9 4 Cfte l' 2 S. j 0 0 o
)
2000e 7, a r lt d c am s unde sat l
-1 nd ea e l i
r t e aw. GCA has m oved t dim is t a e d
o s s he m nde

c mplit p ru n t Ru e 1 ( 1 a d 1 b ()o teFe ea Rue o Ci l o e t e Fo
o an, u s a t o ls 2 $4 ) n 2()6 f h d rl ls f viPr c dl . r
r
t f l wi r s ns t m o i wilbegr nt d.
he olo ng ea o , he ton l
a e
Backzround

The f l wi f c s t ke fom Tyr s a nde co ait a e a e e as tue f
olo ng a t, a n r
ee' me d mpl n , r cc pt d
r or

pu p s so t ed fnd ns moi nt ds s. S eErc s nv. r u ,5 U. 8 ,9 (0 7
r o e f h ee a t ' to o imis e ik o Pad s' 51 S. 9 4 2 0 )
(t j e r l o ad fn a tsmoint d s s,aj d emu ta c p a t ealo t efcua
GW h n ui n ee d n ' to o imis u g s c e t s nl 1 f h a t l
g
ng
alg to sc n an d i tec mp an ' .
le ain o tie n h o lit'
)
GCA i ac r o ainb s di Ohi t a p o i e j nt ra s r ie i av reyo s co s
s o p rto a e n o h t r v d s a io il evc s n ait f e tr,
i l ng s hool s t m s Ty e an A f i a A m e i a r s de o Roa
nc udi c
ys e . r e,
r c nr c n e i nt f
noke,V igi a be n
r ni , ga
w o ki f G CA i J nua y o 201 A tt tm e o hi i ta i e v e , eew a pr i ed t
r ng or
n a r f 4.
he i f s nii l nt r i w Tyr
s om s he

o potnt t q ikl a va c i tec mj n a er $1 0 pe ho rwihntremo ts
p ru iy o uc y d n e n h o a y nd an 3.0 r u ti he nh .

Appr xi ael t yea sl t , r e' pa i r s d t $18. pe houra trheagr e t
o m t y wo r aer Ty e s y nc ea e o
00 r
fe
ed o
t mpor rl r l a e f o Roa
e
a iy e oc t r m
noke t Che tri l Vigi a Tyr e al ge t tt compa
o
se fed, r ni .
e le s ha he
ny
ofe e t ma hi a ac ot ma
f r d o ke m n c mt nage ,orta f rhi t Fl i ,i he wa a et s c ed i
r r ns e m o orda f
s bl o uc e n
i pr vi t cla i s' a pa tc a s hool Alho h Tyr e a hive t de ie goa,he
m o ng he e nlnes of riulr c . t ug
e c e d he sr d l
wasnotofe e ane poston wih GCA.
fr d
w
ii
t
Tyr e alege t t he was ç r ke 'whie wo ki i Chese e d, a t he
e l s ha
t wor d'
ove
l
r ng n
t o l nd hat
Gc tnue t beove wor d a trr t ni t t Roa
ton i d o
r ke fe e ur ng o he nokea e ' 1 a 1 Tyr i c t st t
r a. d. t 5.
'
ee ndia e ha
hi e o e c tons we e pr e tc a sr s ul be a e of t l k of sa f
s mpl ym nt ondii
r obl ma i nd tes f , c us
he ac
tf,
i xpe i nc wo ke s l ng ge ba e s digr te wor r ,a we ra t a on hi ve ce.
ne re ed r r , a ua
ni r , s un l d
ke s nd a nd e r
s hi l
H i e f t t r ol t e i s sw e e uns c s f .
s f ors o es ve hes s ue r
uc e s ul

W hie worcng i Che tri l Tyr e sa d .i a hot l r
l
li n
se fe d, e t ye n
e oom a GCA ' e ns
t
S xpe e.
Howe r GCA oc asonal f ie t pa t ho e bil Asa r s t Ty e wa ( toutoft
ve ,
c i ly al d o y he t l l.
e ul, r e s t
pu
he
Hn on Im 'a f r d t m ovet a t rho e t twa ç it ' I a 1
mpt l ' nd o ce o
o no he t l ha s d lhy. d. t 7.
f
'
Tyr cai t the E ac d r t iton be a e he wa bei pai m or t n s
ee l ms ha
G e eala i
f
c us
s ng d
e ha ome oft
he

e oyee whoha wor f rt c
mpl s
d ked o he ompa f s vealye r . J I pa tc a,Tyr aleg
ny or e r a s' #. n riulr ee l es
'
t the wasgi n a S o e bur ns
ha
ve
ç r
m
de ome wor s he e wih a' i r s i hi wor oa whie
k c dul , t l nc ea e n s kl d, l
l
w or r l t d as i t nc de r s d.' 1 a 1 1 Tyr e alege t t t ( xc s i ,s r nuo
k- e a e ss a e c ea e ' d. t 7- 8.
e l s ha he ç e s ve te us
e
a c t nt e r i o phys c l a tviy whie w or ng w ih G CA ' c us d hi t e r e e
nd ons a xe ton f
ia ci t
l
ki
t
' a e m o xpe i nc

pani t g oi a e ,a t thec i st de wiht pan o adal bass J a 18.
i n he r n r a nd ha
ontpue o al t he i n iy i. Z t
W he Tyr e r l t ba k t R oa ke G CA a r nge f rhi t s a i a m ot bec us
n
e e oca ed c o
no ,
ra d o m o ty n
el a e

heno l rha a a rm e t r . Ty e sve cet n br kedo a hewasf r e t l a e
onge d n pa t nt he e
r e' hi l he o
wn nd
ocd o es

a ohe v h ce Ty e e h sz sta (
n t r e il. re mp a ie h t G wo dn t l gi wihg tig a a rme t'
GCA ul o hep h m) t et n pat n '
n
a i ta ga hi $400. t us twadst de if ar i aboadi ho e. Jza 20.
nd nse d ve m
00 o e o r he post or oom n
r ng us #.t

Tyr e cli st tGCA us t sa at c i t f cehi t q t a t theha no c cebutt
e am ha
ed hi s a tc o or m o ui, nd ha
d
hoi
o
r s gn f om t co pa i A pr lof201
e i r he m ny n
i
6.

Appr xi t l t eem ont l tr Tyr r a i dt wo k f GCA. Tyr ewa i onne
o ma e y hr
hs ae , ee e pple o r or
e s nf
d
t thi a i to wasde e d t hi c i i lba kg ound. I a 5. Tyr e e
ha s pplcai n
nid ue o s rm na c r
d. t
e mphasz st t
i e ha
hewa c ce o adr ofe emor t n s ve ye r ag a t thet r f eha t s m e
s onvi td f ug f ns
e ha e n a s o, nd ha
he e or d he a
c i i lr co d whe he wa frt lie t wor f t c
rm na e r
n
s is lr d o
k or he ompany. Tyr ct s t t Eq l
ee ie o he ua

Emply n Op o tmi Co si n s (t
o me t p rt t mmiso ' t
y
EEOC' g i a c c nc mi g t e u e o ci n l
' u d n e o e n h s f rmi a
)
r co dsi t e oy e c e ,whih i cae t ta e oyersne r polc on c i na
e r n he mpl m nt ont xt c ndi t s ha n mpl ' utal i y
rmi l
c
onduc ç a dipr po to t l i pa t s e i vi l pr e ed unde Til VI,and m a
t G y s o ri naey m c om ndi dua s otct
m
r te I
y

v oae te 1w i n tj b r ltd a d c n itn wi b ie s ne e st ( ip rt i a t
ilt h a f o o eae n o sse t t usn s c s i ds aae mp c
h
y
la ii l' I a 6(u tn EEOC En o c me tGu d n eNo. 50 2 Co sd rto o Aret
ib ly . d. t q o ig
t '
fr e n i a c
91 .0 , n i eain f rs
a Conviton Re or i Em pl e D e ii Unde Til V1 oft Ci lI i s Ac of
nd
ci
c ds n
oym nt csons
r te I he vi tcht t
1
964,a lbl a hdps/vaia e t
:/

. oc. lwsgui nc / e t c n cincm)
ee gov/a / da e r s o vito .f .
-

Tyr i ca e t the fl a c ge ofdi c i i to w ih t EEO C on Oc obe 5, 6.
ee ndi t s ha
ied har
s r m na i n t he
t r 201

I a 2. On Aprl1 201 t EEOC dim is dt c gea notfe Tyr ofhi rghtt s
d. t
i 8, 7, he
s s e he har nd ii d ee
s i o ue.
I a 3.
d. t
Tyr sl dt i t nta to agans GCA on J y 1 201 On Odobe 23, 7, ee
ee e he nsa c i n i t
ul 4, 7.
r 201 Tyr
fl d a am e
ie n
nded c m pl i . I t n nde compl i ,Tyr i ca e t the i as e tng t
o a nt n he me d
ant ee ndi t s ha
s s ri he
f l w i c ai s:
olo ng l m

A)Dic i nai Ba e onMy Crmi lBac r md
srmi ton s d
i na kg ot

B) gi e t rngP a tc s
Ne lg n Hii r cie
C)Fru ue tM ir p e e tto s
a d ln se rs n ainl)
D)Realai i t W okplce
t iton n he r a

3

E)I tnina l fito o Emoin l,ite s
n e to l p lcin f to a D srs
A m .Com pl 5.
.

On Nove r 3, 201 GCA m ove t dimis t mne
mbe
7,
d o s s he
nded c
ompl i . The c r
ant
ou t

n tfe Ty e o t d f n a tsmoin a r q rdb Ro e o ov. rio 5 8F.d3 9( t
oi d r e f he ee d n ' to , s e uie y s b r Gars n, 2 2 0 4h
hi t
po e
Ci. 9 5 , n g v hm 21da si wh c t fl ars o s . A soft sdae,nores ns hasbeen
r 1 7 )a d a e i
y n ih o ie e p n e
fl d. The m a tr i no rpe f di pos to
ie
te s w i or s ii n.
Standards ofR evi
ew

Rue1 ( )1 o teFe e a Rue o Cii P o e u epe misap ryt mo ef r imis l
l 2 b ( ) fh d r l ls f v l r c d r r t a t o v o d s sa
o a a to f rlc o s b e t te j rs ito . Th panif ast b r e o p o i gt a
f n cin o a k f u j c matr u idcin
e litf be r he u d n f r v n h t

s b e tma tr midcin e it. Ev n v B. PekisCo,1 6F.d6 2 6 7( t Ci. 9 9 .
u j c te j s ito xss a s . F. r n . 6 3 4 , 4 4h r 1 9 )
Dimis l o lc o s b e t te j rs ito i a p o raeçftemaeil u id cina f cs
s s a f r a k f u j c matr u id ci n s p r p it t h tra j rs ito l a t
i
aen ti d s u ea d t emo n p ry i e t ldt p e ala a ma tro lw. 1 (n en l
r o n ip t n h vig at s ni e o rv i s
t
te f a ' d. itr a
'
ctto a dq o ainmak o te )
iain n u tto r s mitd .
Rue1 ( )6 o teFe e a Rulso CiiPr c d r pe misap ryt mo ef r imis l
l 2 b ( ) f h d r l e f v l o e u e r t a t o v o d s sa
ofac
ompli f f iur t sae acai upo whih r i c n be gr nt d. To s v vedim is
ant or a l e o t t l m
n c elef a
a e
ur i
s s al
f r f l e t sa e a cai ,a pl n if mus e tbls C a i lpl usbiiy' by pl di G acual
o aiur o tt
lm
aitf
t sa ih ç c a a i lt '
f
ea ng t t
f
c e t talowst co tt dr w t r as bl i e e e t tt de e anti la e f rt
ont nt ha l
he ur o a he e ona e nf r nc ha he f nd s ibl o he

mic nd c alg d' As c o t lba, 5 U. 6 2, 7 ( 0 ) $ bo tm, panifmu t
s o u t le e . h r f v. g l 5 6 S. 6 6 8 20 9 . & to a litf s
'
At
Gud egi)camsa r st l fo c n eva l t plu il' orss ds sa. W a M o e
n g h s li cos he i r m o c i be o a sb e t e it imisl'
ne
' c r
Do s LLC v Co a t6 0F.d3 9 3 4- 5( t Ci. 01 )( u t BelAt. p . Two l,
cs
. z r, 8 3 5 , 6 6 4h r 2 2 q oi
ng l lCo v. mbv
5 0U. 5 4 5 0( 0 7 W hl ap oK ltg n ' pla ig aelb r l c n tu d Go d nv
5 S. 4 , 7 2 0 :. ie r i a ts e dn s r ie al o sr e , r o .
i
y
Le k ,5 4F.d 1 47 1 51( t Ci. 9 ) ap oâ c mp an mu tsi c n an s fiin f cs
e e 7 2 1 , 1 4h r 1 78, r t o lit s tl o ti u fce t a t
l

4

ç or iearghtt r le a
i as i o ei f bovet s c a i lve'a Gsaeac am t r i ft ti plusbl o
t
he pe ultve e l' nd ttt l i o ele ha s a i e n
isf c ' Twombl 550 U. a 555,570.
t a e.
'
v,
S. t
D i si
scus on
1.

D i c m i i c ai unde T il V I
s ri naton l m
r te I

Tyr e fr tc a m st tG CA vi a e Til V 1 by e gi i G m pl e di c i i t o
e is l i ha
ol t d te 1 nga ng n i oym nt s rm na i n
e

bas d o hi c i i bac ot ' Compl 28. Fort f l wi r as ,t c ur co ude
e n s rm nal kgr md.'
.
he olo ng e ons he o t ncl s

t th scam i s be tt d s sa u d rRu e1 ()6 .
ha ti li s u jc o imis l n e l 2 b ( )
Til V1 p o i t a e o e fo C ici n tig a an ta yi i d a wihrs e t
te I r hbi n mply r r m ç s rmi agn ) g i s n ndviu l t e p c
s
d

t gh )... ems c ndto s o p iie e o e ly n,be a e o s c i dv d a' rc ,
o te
tr , o i n , r rvlg s f mpo me t c us f u h n ii u ls a e
i
c lr r l i n sx,o n to a o ii ' 4 U. C.j 20 0 - a( ) Til V1 as ma e i
o o , ei o , e r ai n l rgn. 2 S.
g
'
0 e2()1. te . 1 lo k s t
unlwf l f r a e oye ( o lmi, s gr ga e or cas iy hi e oye o a ia s f
a u o n mpl r ç i t . e e t ,
t
l sf s mpl es r pplc nt or
e oyme i a wa whih woul de i ort nd t de i a i vi lofe oym e
mpl
nt n ny y
c
d prve e o prve ny ndi dua
mpl
nt
oppo> nii oro he wiea r el a f c hi sa usa a e oye be a e o s h i vi ls
tes t r s dve s y fe t s tt s n mpl e, c us f uc ndi dua '

rc ,c lr rlgo ,s x o n to a oi i ' I j 20 0 - ()2 . Gl s t p o cito s
a e oo , ei in e , r ain l rgn. d. 0 e2 a( ) û- e wo r s rp in ,
'
-he
o tn r fre t a te G ip rt te t n 'o (itn ina d srmi ai n )p o iin a d t
fe eer d o s h ds aae r ame t r çn e to l ici n to ' r v so n he
d s rt i c'pr so a et onl c us ofa ton (o dic i nai t rTil V1.
dipaae mpa t oviin, r he y a es ci fr srmi tonq mde te I'
'

EEOC v. ec mbe& Fi h S o e .nc,1 5S. . 0 8 2 3 ( 01 )
Ab r o i
t tr s I . 3 Ct 2 2 , 0 2 2 5 .
c
To t e e Ty e i endst a s r adipa ae te t e cli ,hi nme
he xt nt r e nt
o s e t s r t r am nt am s
nded c
ompli t
an
f ist saeacli uponwhi r i m a beg a ed. I vi l wih ac i na r o d a enot
al o tt
am
ch elef y
r nt
ndi dua s t rmi l ec r r

ap o e tdca su d rTil V1. S eMa e v.n e c , 5 F. p' 3 4, 48(t Ci. 01 )
r tce ls n e te I e nly I v s o 5 5 Ap x 4 3 5h r 2 4 ;
s e a s W r chtv.Pitvl ni Ct Sc ,N o.4: 6- ve lo i
ts va a v. h.
1 c 00029,201 U . D it LEX I 1
6 S. s .
S 7711 a
5, t

* ( . Va De . 2 2 6 ( s r J)(x lii ta i dv d l wi ar s r c r saen ta
6 W D. . c 2 , 01 ) Kie , . e p anng h t n iiuas t re t e o d r o
h
pr e t ca s. Thus t fc t tGCA ma haveeecednott rhieTyr d t hi ci nal
otced ls)
,he a t ha
y
lt
o e r ee ue o s rmi

5

rc r ,sa dng ao ,d e no i iae j 2 0 e2()1. l t e a s n e o a y plusb e
e o d tn i lne o s t mpl t 0 0 - a ( ) n h b e c f n a il
c
a s ri n t tGCA f ie t r hiehi bec us ofli r eors
s e to ha
a ld o e r m
a e ls ac
ome o he pr t c e c r c e itc
t r o e t d ha a t rsi ,
t c tco l
he our ncudest tt a e
ha he m nded c
ompl i f ist sae a dipa ae te t ntc am unde
ant al o t t
s r t r a me l i
r
Til V1 .
te 1
The n e
m nded com pl i al o f l t s a e a dipa a e i pa t cl i a i t G CA . To
a nt s ais o t t
s r t m c a m ga ns

s
uppo ts h c am ,Tyr m e e y poi st t EEOC' gui a e c
r uc l i
ee r l
nt o he
S d nc once i t us o c i nal
m ng he e f rmi
r co dsi t e pl ym e c nt xt whih i c t st ta e oye ' ne r lpolc on c i i
e r n he m o nt o e , c ndia e ha n mpl rs uta i y
rm nal
c
onduc m a ha a dipa a e i pac o a pr t t d c a s Am .Com pl a 6. H ow e r t
t y ve
s rt m t n
o ec e l s .
. t
ve , he

Unied Stt sCour ofAppea sf t Fo t Cic tha m a cla t tûs s e pos i lt t t
t
ae
t
l or he urh r ui s de e r ha ça he r sbiiy ha
a de e nthas a t d unlwf ly''i i ufi i ntt m e tt pl usbiiy sa r s tf t i
f nda
ce
a ul ' s ns fc e o e he a i lt t nda d e orh n

,

Two l a dI b l M c e r - n v Md. pto Tr n p.78 F.d5 2 5 8( t Ci. 01 )
mby n q a. cla yEva s . De ' f a s , 0 3 8 , 8 4h r 2 5
( u t l b l 5 6U. a 6 8 . To wi tn rve u d rRu e 1 ( )6 ,ad s a aei a t
q oi u a, 5 S. t 7 )
ng
t a d e iw n e l 2 b ( ) ip r t mp c
hs
c am mus bes
li
t uppo tdbyalegai nst ndi t s
re
l to e ng o how t tt pr c i orpolc a is ca e a
ha he a tce
i y t sue us d
!

'

saitcal sgnii a dipa iy be we n m e r oft pr e t d cas and ot re pl sor
t tsi ly i fc nt s rt t e
mbe s he ot c e l s
he m oyee

idviu l. Ad msv. t o I d a a oi, 4 F.d7 0 7 3( t Ci. 01 ) seas An es n
n i d as
a
Ciy f n in p ls 7 2 3 2 , 3 7h r 2 4 , e lo d ro
'
.
v.W e tnc us Sa nna Ri r Co. 406 F. 248; 5( t Ci. 0 )($ e tbih ap i
s i ho e va h ve
,
3d , 26 4h r 20 5 E
To sa ls rma

f ci c s ofdipa a ei c dic i nai n unde Til Vl, pl ntf mus s
a e ae
s r t mpa t s rmi to
r te I a ai if t how t tt f cily
ha he a a l

n ur le l y n p a tc ha a sg iia ty ds rmiao y i a t' (iain a d itr l
e ta mp o me t r cie d in fc n l ici n t r mp c.) ctto n nena
'

q oainmak o te )
u tto r s mitd .
I t s c s , Tyr doe not as e t a f t t t w oul s
n hi a e
ee
s
s r ny ac s ha
d uppo t t co l i t t
r he nc us on ha

Afi a Am e ians or a ot r pr ec e c a s we e dipr po tona e y i pa t d by GCA '
rc n- rc
ny he ot t d l s
r s o ri t l m c e
S
c i r to of a a i n ' c i i l hit y. I ed, Tyr doe not m e i a ot r
ons de a i n
n pplca t s r m na s or
nde
ee
s
nton ny he

me e so a yprtce ' r u whowe et r e d wn f raj b o t ba i o t erci na
mb r f n oe t dg o p
r u n d o o o n he ss f h i rmi l
6

rc r Ap elt c u t,i ld n t Fo rh Cic t h ve ma e ce rt ttth p lc o
e od. p lae o rs ncu i g he u t rui, a
d la ha d q e o iy r
g
pr c i c e plt d by t dipa aei pa tdoc rneco it ofm o et t m e eocc r nce
a tce ontm ae
he s r t m c
ti
nsss
r han he r
ure
ofiolt d o ...s adi dic i i t r a t . W rRh v. a ' Ar hi s & Re r Sew. 609
s ae r
por c s rm na o y c s'
'
i t N tl c ve
co ds l ,

F. 7 2 7 1( t Ci. 9 9 ; e as Red v. y o Trmp ae u, 7 F.d 1 3 , 3 (t Ci.
2d 0 , 1 4h r 1 7 ) s e lo it Ct . f e e la 9 5 2 3 6 1 41 7h r
1 9 ) (ç srmi tr i c c n t b e tbih d whee y u ha e j s o e ioae
9 2 tDic i nao y mpa t n no e sa ls e
ç
r o v u t n s ltd

d cso .' ( u tn Co v. l w Frih S s,n .6 6F.d4 4, 51( 0hCi. 98 :. I te
e ii n') q o ig e Yel eg t y .I c, 4 2 4 4 1 t r 1 1 n h
'
o
a e eofa f c swhi hplusbl s
bs nc
ny a t
c a i y ugge tt tGCA' s l c i c ie i i
s ha
S e e ton rt ra mpos d as t nta l
e ubsa ily
dipr po tona e bur n upo A f i n- m e i ns or a t r pr t c ed cl s t c tc l s
s o ri t
de
n rca A rca
no he o e t
as , he our onc ude

t a Ty e ' d s aaei a t li i s b e t ods sa.
h t res ip rt mp c cam s u j c t imis l
I.
l

R e a i i cl m under Til Vl
t lat on ai
te I

I a ton t pr bii dic i i ton,Til VI ma si unl wf f a e o t
n ddii o ohi tng s rm na i
te I ke t a ul or n mpl yer o
r t la e aga ns a e pl
ea it
i t n m oyee f e gi i c
or nga ng n onduc pr e t d by t s a ut . See 42 U . C.
t ot c e
he t t e
S.

5 2 0 e 3a . GCA ha mo d t d s s Ty e ' rtlain cam frfiu e t e ha s hi
0 0 - ()
s ve o imis re s eaito li o alr o x u t s
a i s r tver m edi . G CA c e t tTyr e' EEO C c r di notpr de no i t the
dm ni t a i e
es
ont nds ha
e s
ha ge d
ovi
tce ha

i e ed t brng ar t lai n cai .
ntnd o i
e aito l m
The f iur ofapli tf t e us hi ad i sr i r m e e wih t EEOC de i s
al e
a n if o xha t s m nitatve e di s t he
prve

t efd r l o rso s b e t te j rs ito o e aTi eV1 cam. J n sv. let p.Lt .
h e ea c u t f u j c matr u idcin v r t I li o e Cav r Gr . d,
l

5 F.d2 7 3 0( t Ci. 0 ) ( eso eo t epanifsrg tt fl afd r llws ti
51 3 9 , 0 4h r 20 9 . Th c p f h li tf' ih o ie e e a a ui s
dee mi d by t c r sc e . 1 G y t edicrmi to ca ssa e i t i tal
tr ne
he ha ge' ont nt' d. t
'
onl hos s i nai n lm t t d n he nii
c r t er s
ha ge, hos ea onabl r lt t t orgi lco ai ,a t e de l pe by r s bl
y e aed o he i na mpl nt nd hos ve o d
ea ona e
i s i to of t orgi l co pl n m a be m ai ai d i a s e nt Til V l l w s t'
nve tga i n
he i na m ai t y
nt ne n ubs que
te I a ui.
'

Ev n v. c s Ap lc to & S r . , 0F.d9 4 9 3( t Ci.1 9 )
a s Te h . piains e v Co.8 3 5 , 6 4h r 9 6 .

I t sc e,GCA m ant i t tTy e sEEOC c r e r f n'd s e y t pur td r e
n hi as
i ans ha r e'
ha g e e e oll o pore ac
dic i nai n a di not i l a al gai of r t lai n. Tyr e ha not r f t t s
s rmi to nd d
ncude ny le tons
e ai to
e s
e u ed hi
a s ri n oro he wies wnt thea lge f c st twoul ha putGCA o t EEOC onno i
s e to
t r s ho ha
le d a t ha
d ve
f he
tce
t thewa c r ngGCA wih r t la i
ha
s ha gi
t e a iton. Se e. ,Br ntv. l At. d. l ,288F. 1
e. :. va
Be l l M , nc.
3d 24,

1 3 ( t Ci.2 0 ) ( odng t t te p an ifs cam f rr tlain wa b re wh r t
3 4h r 0 2 h li ha h litf li o eaito s ard ee he
pl n if sEEOC c r e o y a lge t tt def nda dic i i t d agans li on t ba i of
aitf
ha g nl le d ha he e nt s rm na e
i tam
he ss

hsr c ) Ac o d n l, r eha n t t i b r e o pr vn ta ti c u t ss be t te
i a e . c r i gy Ty e s o me h s u d n f o ig h t h s o r ha u j c matr

jzid cin o e hi r tl to cam. Fo ti ra o t ecam i s b e tt ds sa t e
l s ito v r s eai in li * r h s e s n, h li s u j c o imis l md r
r
a
Rue 1 b ()
l 2()1 .
11
1.

R e ai nz c ai sunde s a e I
m ni l m
r t t aw

l add to t hi c am st rTil Vl, r ea tmpt t as e t num be ofcli sund r
n ii n o s l i mde te l Ty e te s o s r a
r
am
e

saelw. Fo t f lo ngra o s t ec u t o cu e ta e c o t e ecamsi s b e tt
tt a
r he olwi e s n , h o r c n ld s h t a h f h s li s u j c o
dim i s l
s sa.
A.

N eeleenthi nz
i
ri

Tot e e Tyr es e t r c rda a sf t lge hii pr c ies't ame d
he xtnt e e ks o e ove m ge or d i nt rng a tc , he nde
neg
'
c m pl i r fecs a mit rt ndi o t a ia e l w. l Vigi a a c us ofaci n f r
o ant el t
smde sa ng f he pplc bl a
n r ni, a e
to o
ne i e hii ti ba e o t prnci et tonewho c
glg nt rng Gs s d n he i pl ha
onduc sa aci t t o h e o e i
t n tviy hr ug mpl ye s s

s b e t ola iiyfrham rs tn fo tee o e ' c n u ti t ee l y ri ne lg n i
u j c t iblt o r eul g' m h mply rs o d c f h mp o e s gi e t n
i r
t hii ofa i ope pe s n i wor i vi a unr s na ers ofhar t ot r .' S.
he rng n mpr r r o n k nvol ng n ea o bl ik
m o he s' E.
#Thecour not st t Fourh Cic thasr ognied a excepton t t e
t e hat he
t r ui
ec z n
i o he xhausi r quiementf
ton e r
or

cr i rtl t ncams S eic l , panif yriefrh frti i fd rl o ltecam ta hs
et n eai i li . j cf al a lit ma as o te i t n e ea c u' h li ht i
a
ao
i y
f
s me
t

e o e rtlae a i thm f rtln a EEOC c r e Ne lnv. tne 9 F.d58 , 90( t Ci.1 9 )
mply r eaitd gans 1 o iig n
hag . ao So , 58 2 4 5 4h r 9 2 .
Thate epton doesnota y i t sca e,sncet aleged r t iton oc r bef eTyr fld achar of
xc i
ppl n hi s i he l
ealai
cured or
ee ie
ge
dic i naton wiht EEOC. Se Ac r on v.Recor& Viior oft Uni ofVa.No.3:7c
s rmi i
t he
e ke s
t
st s he v.
,
1 v00011,201
7

U.. s, E S 14 4 , t* ( . Va No . , 01)( na , . (b evn ta teNelne cpin
S Di L XI 8 9 6 a 5 W D. . v 7 2 7 Co rd J o srig h th ao x et
t
)
o
ç
ç no appl i cas si whih apli ifcoul ha al
does t y n e n c
antf
d ve leged rt la i i t i talchar t t EEOC,but
e aiton n he nil
ge o he

ddn td s ' .
i o o o'
)

x
8

Aps M g . I c v. a k n 51 S. 2 3 5 3 7 ( .1 9 ) l z b l yi p e iae o t e
t. mts n . J c ma , 3 E.d 9 , 9 Va 9 9 . û i ii s r dc td n h
ta t
neg i nc ofan e oye i pl cng a pe s w ih known pr nstes o pr pe iis whih
lge e
mpl r n a i
r on t
ope ii , r o nste
c
s d ha be n dic r by r as bl i si a i i a e o e poston i whih,
houl ve e s ove ed
e ona e nve tg ton, n n mpl ym nt ii n
c
be us oft cic sa esoft empl e ,i s ul ha be n f r s e bl t t lie
ca e' he r um t nc
he
oym nt t ho d ve e o e e a e hat he lr d

i iiu l o e atr a o ij r t oh r . I (n e lctto a dq oainmak o te )
ndvd a p s d h e t f n u y o te s' d.itma iai n n u tto r s mitd .
'

I t i c s , r ed e n talg t thes fe e a yijly a ar s l o t ne lg n
n h s a e Ty e o s o le e ha u fr d n n t s e ut f he gi e t
r
hii ofa t ri vi ua . I t a Tyr s
rng no he ndi d l nse d, ee ugge t t tGCA a t ne i n l i hii hi t
ss ha
ced glge ty n rng m o
wor f rt c
k o he ompa i 201 e n t ug he ha a f l ny co c i
ny n
4, ve ho h
d eo
nviton. Se Am .Compl a 9
e
.t

(ç an ifa mist th wa c n itdo d'g dsdb to ,aci o mo a t r t d , e e a
t itf d t ha e s o v ce f l it u in rme f rl' pi e s v r l
pl
u
u u
ye r ago. Ne rhe e s hewa hie by GCA Se vce wih blt ntdir r f Vigi aCode
as
ve t l s ,
s rd
r i s t a a sega d or r ni

j2 129 .g whihr q ie t a e e ya p ia tf re o me ta ap b i sho l et yt t
2.- 61 , c e ur s h t v r p lc n o mply n t u lc c o c ri ha
f
t a p ia th sn tb e c n itd o afln j'. Th c u ta r e wih GCA t a Ty e '
he p lc n a o e n o vce f eo y.'
) e o r ges t
h t re s
a lga i i t s r ga d f i t sa e a c am f ne i ntlii
le tons n hi e r al o tt
l i or glge lrng. Ac r ngl t s c am i
co di y, hi l i s

s b e tt ds s a t e Ru e1 ( )6 .
u jc o imis lmd r l 2 b ( )
B.

Fraudul ntm i re s nt i
e
s pre e atons

The c utlke s c ude t tt n e d c
ot' i wie oncl s ha he m nde ompli f ist sae acli f fa
ant al o t t
a m or r ud
unde Vig ni lw. Tyr e' fa cai se fom as ur nce t twe e al ge ym a d li
r ri a a
e s r ud l ms t m r
s a s ha r le dl de trng
hi i tali e viw a whe he a e t r l a e t Che t ril Tyr e alege .hathe
s nii ntr e nd
n
gr ed o eoc t o
s e fe d.
e l st

a c p e tej b a trb igp o s d ta h wo d q c ya va c i t ec mp n a d ma e
c e td h o fe en r mie h t e ul uikl d n e n h o a y n k
$1 00pe hourwihi tleem ont . Ty e f rhe a lgest ther l a e t Cheseri l a tr
3. r
t n lr
hs
r e ' t r le ha
u
e oc t d he
t fe d fe
be ng a s e t thew oul be m adea ac ot t a
i s ur d ha
d
n c m m nage , t a f r ed t Fl i , fhe s c de
r or r ns e r o or da i
uc ee d
i i pr ng t c ea i s of a pa tc a hi h s hool The a e d com pl i a a s t
n m ovi he l nlne s
r i ul r g c
.
m nde
a nt ppe r o

9

i c t t t compa di not ke p t e aleg pr s r ga di f t e e oyme
ndi a e hat he
ny d
e hes l ed omies e r ng uur mpl
nt
opporunii s
t te .
The Sge r lnze'i Vigi a i t tt r ud mus r a et apr s ntorpr - xitng f c ,
ç ne a l ' n r ni s ha t a
f
t elt o
ee
e e si a t
a c nnotor nmi y be pr c t d on unf lil pr s orsa e e sa t f tle e t .'
nd n
di l
edia e
ufled omies tt m nt s o u tr ven s ''

Parc v. mme s 3 9S. 2 1 2, 6 ( . 98 )( u t S bev. r n 9S. 2d4 9 4 4
tik Su r , 6 E.d 6 1 4 Va 1 8 q oi o l Hema , E. 5 , 6
ng
( .1 4 ). Alh u h a e c p in a pl swh n ap o s i ma ewih u a y itnin o
Va 9 0 ) t o g n x e to p i
e e r mie s d t o t n n e to f
pe f m i i,I ,t a e
ror ng t d. he m nded c
ompl i do no i ude a al ga i r ga di GCA '
ant es t ncl
ny le tons e r ng
S
i e i nsa t tm eoft pr ie a i s
nt nto t he i
he om s s t s ue. Thecour t r f r c l st tt cam f r
t he e o e onc ude ha he li o

fa d ln mirp e e tto i s be tt d s sa u d rRu e1 ()6 .
ru ue t se r s nains s u jc o imis l n e l 2 b ( )
C.

I ent o i c i o e o i
nt i nal nni ton f m t onaldi t e s
sr s

Tyr e' fna cli i onef i e i li lc i ofe o i na dite s Suc c am sa e
e s i l am s
or nt ntona nfiton m to l sr s .
h li r
dif vor d unde Vigi a1 w a r quiepr oft f lowi ee e sby ce a co ncng
sa e
r r ni a nd e r oof he o l ng lm nt
lar nd nvi i

e ie c ' 1 ta çh wr n d e' c n u t sitn in l rr c ls' ( )t tçh c nd t s
vd n e ( ) h tt e o g o rs o d c wa ne to a o e ke s' 2 ha G e o uc wa
.
t
;
t
o ta e us o itlrb e' ( )ta Eh r wa a c us lc n e to b t e t m o g o rs
u rg o r no ea l' 3 h t i ee s a a o n ci n ewe n he n d e '
'
t
c n u ta dt ers lig e to a dsrs' a d ( )ta Sh r s tng e to a dsrs wa
o d c n h e utn moin l ite s' n 4 h t l e eul mo in l ite s s
;
t
i
s v r . S p l l I c v. o n o , 6 S. 2 3 5 3 0( . 0 )
e ee' u ewam n . J h s n 6 6 E.d 3 , 4 Va 20 8 .
'
Upo r vi w o t a
n e e f he mende c
d ompl i ,t c tco l
ant he our ncudqst tTyr ' alegai nsa e
ha
ee s l to r
i ufii ntt s ts yt f eg ng ee e s. Succnc l sa e t ame d c
ns fc e o a if he or oi lm nt
i ty t t d, he
nde ompli doe no
ant s t
de c i t t of ou r ous ori olr bl c
s rbe he ype
tage
nt e a e onduc r uie t sa e a c am f it ntonal
t eq r d o tt
l i or n e i
i lci o e oto ldites . Nordoe i plusbl s
nfi ton f m i na sr s
s t a i y ugges t Tyr s f r d t deg ee of
t hat ee ufe e he r
e oi
m tonal di t e s r uie t der e s i pr ce nt The Supr m e Cour of Vi gi a ha
sr s eq r d m
xi tng e de .
e
t
r ni s

e
mpha i edt tGi biiy a ie onl when t e o i dite si e r m e,a onl whe et
sz ha t a lt rs s y
l
he m tonal sr s s xte
nd y
r he
di t e s i lc ed i s s ve e t tno r a ona epe s n co d bee c e t e ze i.' R us o v.
sr s nfi t s o e r ha
e s bl r o ul
xpe t d o ndlr t''
s

W ht ,4 0 S. 2d 1 0,1 3 ( .1 91 . Th s mpo d s rbe i t e n n e c mplit
ie 0 E. 6 6 Va 9 ) e y tms e ci d n h me d d o an
smp yd no rs t t a lv l S eHarsv. e te, 2 S. 2 2 , 4( . 0 )( od n t t
i l o t ie o h t e e. e ri n uz r6 4 E.d 4 3 Va 20 6 h li g ha
t pl i ifsa lga i ofçs ve/eps hol c ta
he antf' le tons te r yc ogial r umaa men al ng s afe tnghe m e al
nd
t a uih f c i
r nt
a physca welbeng, wih s
nd
i l l- i ' t ympt i l ng ç g mà es dit uly see ng,e r m el s
'
oms nc udi l ht r , fk t l pi xte os
ni
of s fe t em a de e son,r q rng a tonalps hol c te t
el- se
nd pr s i
e uii ddii
yc ogial r a ment a c
nd ouns lng,
ei '
'
A
A

f ie t de c i t dype of e r me e oto ldites t ti s s ve e t tno r a ona e
a ld o s rbe he s
t
xte
m i na sr s ha s o e r ha
e s bl

p ro c u dbee p ce t e dlei' ( ingRuso 4 0S. 2 a 1 3 . Ac o dngy GCA'
esn o l
x e t d o n t t' ct
r ) i
s , 0 E.d t 6 )
c ri l,
S
m o i wilbegr nt d wilr s c t t sc am .
ton l
a e l e pe t o hi l i
C oncl i
us on

Fo t r as saed,t c twil gr nt GCA' m o i t dimi s The Clr i
r he e ons t t he our l a
S ton o s s .
ek s
diecedt s nd c e oft sme or ndum opi o a t a c
r t o e opi s hi m a
ni n nd he c ompa ng o de t t pl i if
nyi r r o he antf
a al co elofr co d.
nd 1 uns
e r
x'
M

DATED: i 7 -Wd yo J n r , 01 .
Ths ' a f a uay 2 8
'

Se o U nie St t s D it i tJ
ni r t d a e s rc udge