Carr v. Berryhill

Filing 20

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 11/30/2018. (ck)

CL S OFFI U.S. ST.
ERK'
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DI COURT
ATO OKE,
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I THE UNI
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TED STATES DI
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FOR THE W ESTERN DI
STRI OF VI NI
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RGI A
ROANOKE DI SI
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NDA E.CARR,

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M EM ORANDUM OPI ON
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By:
Hon. e E.Corr d
Gln
la
Se orUnie St t sDititJ e
ni
t d a e src udg

N A N CY A .BERRY HI A c i
LL, tng
Comm iso rofSocilSecliy,
s i ne
a
trt

De e nt
f nda .
Pli ifhasfld t sa ton c le ng t fnalde son oft Comm isone o Soc a
antf
ie hi c i hal ngi he i
cii
he
si r f il
Se urt de ng pl i ifsc am f rape i ofdia lt ard dia lt i tr ebe ft l r
c iy nyi
antf' l i o
rod
s biiy l s biiy nslanc ne is mde

t S ca S c dt Ac,a n n e ,4 U. C.j 41 ()a d4 . J ds ito o ti c u ti
he o il e u y t s me d d 2 S. j 6 i n 23 u dcin f h s o r s
e tbls e p s t o4 U. C. 4 5 g . Th sc t tsrv e i l tdt ad tr n to a t
sa ih d urumlt 2 S. j 0 () i ol ' e iw s i e o ee miain s o
r
mi
whehert r i s t tale de e t s
t he e s ubsan i vi nc o uppor t Comm iso rs c l i t tpli tf
t he
s i ne ' oncuson ha a n if
f l t m e tt r r m e s f entte e t be is t r t Ac . l s h s f ta
aied o e he equie nt or ilm nt o neft mde he t f uc ubsan i l
e de e e ss t fna de son oft Co misone mus be a fr d. La v.Celbr zz
vi nc xit , he i l cii
he m s i r
t fime
ws
e e e,

3 F.d 6 0 ( t Ci.1 6 ) S ae b ify,s b tn ile i e c ha be n d fn d a s c
68 2 4 4h r 9 6 . ttd rel u sa ta v d n e s e ei e s u h
r lva e de e,c i rng t r c d a a whol ,asm i be f md a qua e t s
ee nt vi nc onsde i he e or s
e
ght ot
de t o uppo ta
r

c ncu inb ar a o bemid. Rih r s nv. rls 4 2U. 3 9 4 ( 9 )
o lso y e s na l n
c a d o Peae , 0 S. 8 , 01 1 71 .
Thepli if Li E.Ca wa bor on M a 3,1 , nd e nm al complt t t nt
antf, nda
m
s n
y 961 a ve ly
eed he e h
gr de i s hoo . M s Ca rha be n e pl d a a c s e a kic n hel r She l s w or d
a n c l
. r s e m oye s a hi r nd t he
pe .
a t ke

on ar ul ra s t i ba i i 2006. On Ocobe 2,
eg a nd usaned ss n
t r 2013, s Ca rfl d ala i to f a
M . r ie r pplcai n or
pe i o dia lt a dia lt i tr nc be ft . I flng he c r e c am , s Ca ra lge
rod f s biiy nd s biiy nsza e neis n i
r u r nt l i M . r le d
/

t ts be n edia e f ra1f r so s t nta ganf e oyme on J 30,
ha he c m
s bl d o l o m f ubsa il i ul mpl
nt une 2006,duet
o

pan i he bac a rght s de , numbne s a we kne s i he t a rght ha
i n r k nd i
houl r
s nd n s n r oes nd i
nd,

fb o aga i tb eb we s n r me me r p o lms d p e so a a xit . ( . 6 .
ir my li,nia l o l y d o , mo y r b e , e r sin, nd n ey Tr 21 )
M s Ca rnow ma nti t ts hasr m aned dia e t t pr s nttme. Ther c d r ve s
. r
i a ns ha he
e i
s bl d o he e e i
e or e al
t tM s. r m e t i tr d sa u r quie e t oft Ac tlought f t qua trof201 but
ha
Ca r t he nsle t t s e r m n s he t lr
he ourh re
0,

n t h ra tr S eg neal 4 U. C. j41 ()a d4 3 a . Co e u n l, lit fi e t ld
o t ee fe . e e rly 2 S. j 6 i n 2 () ns q e ty pani s ni e
f
t
t a pe i of dia lt a dia lt i ur e be st onl i s has e t bls d t t s
o
rod
s biiy nd s biiy ns anc ne s y f he
sa ihe ha he
be a ediabld f a1f m sofs t nta ga nf e o e on orbe or he dael s i ur d,
c m s e or 1 or
ubsa il i ul mpl ym nt
f e r t a t ns e
D ec m be 31 2010.
e r ,

M s Ca rs a i a i was deled upon i ta co i r to and r onsde a i
. r ' pplc ton
ri
niil nsde a in
ec i r ton. She

t n rque t a rceve aéqnovohe rnga rviw befr a Admi srtveLa J .
he e sed nd e i d
ai nd e e
oe n
nitai w udge
I a opi on da e Aug t1 201 t La J
n n ni
td
us 9, 6, he w udge as de e mi d,a tra yi t fve-t p
lo t r ne fe ppl ng he
se

s nta e l ton pr e s t tM s Ca' wa notdia e on orbef ehe da e ls i ur 1
eque i l vaua i
oc s , ha . l s
r
s bl d
or r t a t ns ed.

Se 20 C. R.j404. 20. The La J e f
e
F.
15
w udg ound t tM s Cars fr d fom s ve a s vee
ha . r ufe e ' e r l e r
r
i imen s t ough t t d t ,i l ng l
mpar t hr
ha a e nc udi umba s ne de ne a i dic die e,de ne ai
r pi
ge r tve s s as
ge r tve

j n ds a eo tes o l e, also e ,nia l b we s n r me o e iy n x ey ds r e, n
oit ie s f h h u d r g l t n s i tb e o l y d o , b st , n it io d r a d
de es i dio de , t tt ei i nt di not et ri vi lyori c
pr sve s r r but ha hes mpanne s d , ihe ndi dua l n ombi to m e t
nai n, e

o me ial e ua ter q rme t o alse i i n. ( .1 -1 ) Th La J g t e
r d c ly q l h e uie ns f itd mpanne t Tr 7 8 . e w ud e h n
a s s e M s Ca rsr i lf tonalc pa iy a f l
s e s d . r ' esdua unc i
a ct s olows:
Afe c r f c i r ton of t e ie r c d,t unde sgne
tr a e ul onsde a i
he ntr e or he
ri d
fnds t t t o h t da e l s i tr d, t cli a ha t
i
ha, hr ug he t a t nsle he am nt d he
r sdua f nc i lca ciy t pe f m lghtwor a de i d i 20
e i l u tona pa t o r or i
k s fne n

C. R. 4.5 7b e c p t e cama tc u d o c so al k e,
F. 40 1 6 () x e t h li n o l c a in l ne l
y
1The pr es r quiest Law J
oc s e r he
udge t co i r i sq e e wh te a cama t ()h se g g d i
o nsde , n e u nc , eh r li n: 1 a n a e n

s btnil an u atvt;2 h sasv r i ime t( ) sa i ar n ta met o e u lterq ie ns
u sata g if l ciiy () a e ee mpar n; 3 ha n mp ime t h t es r q as h e urme t
o al tdi ar n;4 c nrtr t h rp s rlv n wok; n ( )in twh te s ecnp rbr oh rwoki
f i e mp ime t() a eun o e at ee a t r a d 5 f o, eh r h a el m te r n
s
ten to a e o o
h ain l c n my. 2 C. R. 4 41 2 I ad cso cnb r ah da a yse h tes q e ta e au to
0 F. j 0 .5 0. f e iin a e e c e t n tp zh e u nil v lain
pr e ,f rhe evauai i unne s ay. I
oc ss u t r l ton s
ce s r d.

c a ,c o h,soop,or ci r mps a sa r . She co d not
r wl r uc t
lmb n
nd tis
ul
ci b l dde s r s and s a f ds She s d ha a de
lm a r , ope ,
c fol .
houl ve voi d
e
xpos e t wo kpl c ha ar ,s h a ha ar
ur o r a e z ds uc s z dousm a hi r a
c ne y nd
unpr e t hei s. Sheco dpe f m smpl , o i t s ofno
ot ced ght
ul ror i e r utne a ks
m o e t n f se . She co d occ sona l i e a t wih t
r ha our t ps
ul
a i ly nt r c t he
publc.
i

( .21 . Gie s h a r sd a flci n lc p ct a a trc nsd rng tsi n fo a
Tr ) v n uc e iu l l to a a a i nd fe o i ei e t y ' m
n
y,
mo r
voc tona e r,t La J
a i l xpe t he w udge dee m i t t M s Ca r was una e t pe f r a pa t
tr ned ha
. r
bl o r o m ny s

rlv n wok tr ug t d t ls is r d ( .2 ) Ho ve, h La J d ef u dt a s
ee a t r h o h he ae at n u e . Tr 3 . we r t e w u g o n h t he
r t i d t c pa iy t pe f r ot r wor r e e si i sgli a numbe i t nai na
e ane he a ct o r o m he
k ol s xitng n i zfc nt
r n he to l

eo o
c n my. ( .2 ) Ac o dn l,t La J d ec ncu e t tM s Carwa n tds b e a
Tr 7 . c r i gy he w u g o ld d ha . r s o ia ld t
a tm efom t a l ed ons tda et o h t dael s i ur a t ts i no e il d t a
ny i r he leg
e t hr ug he t a t ns ed, nd ha he s t ntte o

p ro o d sbit o d sbit is r n e b nehs Se 2 C. R.j 40 1 2 ( ) Th La
e id f ia l y r ia l y n u a c e f . e 0 F.
i
i
4.5 0 g . e w
J
udge' opi o wa a ed ast fna de ii o t Commi so rby t Soc a Sec y
s ni n s dopt
he i l cson f he
s i ne
he i l udt
Admi sr to sAppe sCot i. Ha ngexha t a1a ia ead i sr tver m e es M s
nita in'
al
mcl
vi
used 1 va lbl m nitai e di , .
Ca rha now a al t t sco t
r s
ppe ed o hi ur .

W hie pl n if ma be diabld f r c ran f r of e oy e ,t c cil f c a
l aitf y
s e o e ti o ms
mpl m nt he nz a a m l
de e m i ton i whehe pli ifwa dia e f a1f msofs t n i lga nf e oy e .
t r na i s
t r antf s s bl d or l or
ubsa ta i ul mpl m nt

S e4 U. C. 4 ()2 . Th r a ef u ee n so p o f ihmus bec nsd rdi ma i
e 2 S. j 23d () e e r o r lme t f r o whc
t o i ee n kng

s c mla ayss Th s ee n sae s mmaie a f lo :( )o j cie me ia f csa
u h n l i. e e lme t r u rz d s olws 1 b e tv dc l a t nd
ci c l d n s ()t o i in a d c ncuso o te tn p ysca s ( )s b e tv e i e c
l a sn i g ; 2 he p no s n o l ins f raig h iin ; 3 u j ci e v d n e
ni
o p y ia mn ietto so i ime t, sd s rb dt r u h acama tst si n ;a d ( )
f h sc l n fsai n f mpar n s a e ci e l o g li n ' e t y n 4
z
mo
t c a m a ' e a i voc tona hi t y,r s dua s ls a a
he l i nts duc ton, a i l s or e i l kil , nd ge. V iek v.Fi h,438 F.
t
nc
2d

11 115 60( h Ci.1 ) Undewoodv. bi f 298F. 850,851( hCi.1 .
57, 9- 4t r 971;
r
Ri cof,
2d
4t r 962)
Afera r viw of t r c d i t s c s ,t cou ti c taned t c l e t tt
t
e e
he e or n hi a e he r s onsr i
o oncud ha he
Commisone ' fna de ii n i s
s i r s i l c so s uppo td by s t nta e de . The La J
re
ubsa i l vi nce
w udge' o ni
s pi on
3

r l c s a t oughou e l ton of M s Ca ' medialpr blm s a t e e t whih t y
efe t hr
t vauai
. n's
c
o e
nd he xt nt o
c he
a f c e he a lt t wor Alhoug M s Ca rs f r fom a c
fe t d r biiy o
k. t h . r ufe ed r
ombi to ofphysc a
nai n
ial nd
e i li i nt,s t nta e de e s
motona mpanne s ubsa i l vi nc uppors t La J
t he w udge' dee na i t t s
s tnni ton ha he
r ti d t r sd lf nc i na c pa iy t pe f m alm ie r nge oflg wor tloug he da e
ea ne he e iua u to l a ct o ror
i td a
i ht k lr h r t
l ti lr d.
as nsze
Ther c d r l c st tM s Ca' pr s nt dt Ca ii Clni wih c
e or efe t ha . l e e e o rlon i c t ompl i sofba k a
r
ant
c nd

hi p i i No e e o 2 0 , ro t h ralg do e d t. ( . 9 ) S ewa e mi db
p an n v mb r f 0 5 p ir o e le e nst ae Tr 2 5 . h s xa ne y
Dr Dalas Crc nbe ge ,a o t pe c s cils. Dtrng t e m i ton,pl ntf r pore
. l
ike r r n rho di pe ait
li he xn na i
ai if e td

t a t e pan wa wo s atr sa dn f rh rj b a a c s ir a d ta c rio e ijcin
h t h i s re fe tn ig o e o s a he , n h t o t n ne to s
s
pr de by he prm a y c e physcin, Dr
ovi d
r i r ar
ia
.Da d Cumm i , pr de pai r le f r
vi
ngs ovi d
n e if o
a oxi t l t mont . Pli tf i c t dt ts hadbe n sr s e be a e o t pan a
ppr ma ey wo
hs a n if ndi a e ha he
e te s d c us f he i nd

t a s e wa tkng Lo tb a d Xa a f r û e nev s' ( .29 ) Plitf a vs d Dr
ht h s ai
ra n
n x o & r r e . Tr 5 . an if d ie .
h
'
Crc nbe ge t ts wa e t be a et ç k altl bi m o ei t nnsofsandi tme'a
ike r r ha he nt d o
bl o s
wor ite t r n e
t ng i ' nd
i r as he tm e m o ng t lwn fom :1 2 hour t 2- hotr be a ehe lwn i a ut 1
nc e e r i
wi he a r $s o 4 ls c us r a s bo 0

a r s'i sz . ( .29 ) On p y ia e mi to M s Car e hbi d s me tn e s t
ce ' n ie Tr 5 .
h sc l xn nain, . r x i t o e d me s o
e
papia i i t lf hi a pa al
l t ton n he e t p nd r umba a ea buthe m o orsr ngt s ns ton,a r le we e
rr ,
r t te h, e a i nd el xes r

n nn l X-a so panifslf hi rve ldS o dj it p c y G os r, a dt od sr ci
o a. r y f litf e t p e ae t o on s a e' t pu s' n E etu t
g
'n
' n
ve
c mle . ( . 9 ) Lu a s iex ry s o dmidd g n rtv c n e a d s o d lss
h g s' Tr 2 6 . mb r pn -a s h we l e e eaie ha g s n p n yo i
'
a L34. ( . 0 1. Th rman e o t ell a s i ea p ae G se tal t e r a l.
t - Tr 31 -1 ) e e id r f h t r p n p e rd i sn il mrma k be'
mb
e
y
'
( .311.
Tr )
M s Ca r s w Dr Cum m i on s ve a occ s ons i 2006. W hie f w t e t e no es
. r a
.
ngs
e rl ai
n
l e r a m nt t

w e e co l i w a i caed t tpl ntf c
r mpied, t s ndi t ha ai if ompli d ofbac a hi pan i Ocobe a
ane
k nd p i n t r nd

De e r Dr Cl n sc niu dplitf o Lo tba Xa x. ( . 9 )
c mbe. . l g o t e anif n ra nd na Tr 3 6 .
mmi
n
4

l Aprlof2007,pl ntf pr s nt d t Dr J l Ha wih c
n
i
ai if e e e o . om gy t ompl i sofa
ant
bdom i lpan
na i

a i tnnitn rca be dn . ( .3 ) S wa noe t be o e e b the p sc l
nd ne te t e tl le i g Tr 01. he s td o
b s , u r hy ia
e mi to wa ot wie nor wih no sgnsoftnde ne si he ba k orl re r m iis
xn nai n s her s
mal t
i
e r s n r c
owe xte te .

( .3 2 3 . An a d mi lCT sa rve ld t p e e e o g l tn sb twa E te wie
Tr 0 -0 )
b o na
c n e ae he r snc f al o e u s G h r s
s
o
l e r a e' ( . 2 . Dr Ha y rc mme e t t an ift e g ac ln s o . ( .
mr mak bl. Tr 31 ) . g e o nd d ha plitf md r o oo o c py Tr
'
30 - 2 . Herfle p an ifsp e cito sf rLo tba dXa a , ndsa tdh ro Prva i
10 )
eild litf rs rp in o ra n n x a tre e n e cd.
( . 0)
Tr 3 3 .
l Aprlof2008, s Ca rwa t ke bya
n i
M . r sa n
mbulnc t Ca ii Fr nklnM e ora Hos t l
a e o rlon a i m il pia

fo alc lfme a ho . ( . 5 ) Pli t frp re t th rb oh ri lw h dj s p se
r m o a L r l me Tr 2 7 . ani e o td ha e r t e-n-a a ù t a s d
f
a y,a t ts ha e re e hype ve tl to a di i s Shewasgi n Atva a
wa nd ha he d xpe i nc d
r n iai n nd zznes .
ve i n nd
r e ed a f w hotr lt r The a tndi physc a s di nosi i e so i ude ç if
elas
e
ls a e .
te ng
ii n' ag tc mpr s i n ncl d ç e
gr

r cin'a d ni at k. ( .257 .
ea to ' nd d c tac ' Tr )
pa
'
l Aug tof2008,M s Ca rr t ne t t e e ge r m a r pored t ts had
n
us
. r e ur d o he m r ncy oo nd e t ha he

e p re e ap ni atc tep e iusd ywhl e tn . ( . 6 ) S ei iae ta i fllk
x einc d n c ta k h rv o a ie ai g Tr 2 3 . h ndc t d h tt et ie
f d wo l no g d wn h rtlo t ( .2 3 . Plitf a kn wld e t a ti ha E ly
oo u d t o o
e i a. Tr 6 ) anif c o e g d h t l s d G z
r
l
ol

ha pe e t c ' a d t a s e wa n ln e ha i dfiut s lo ng ( .2 3 . On
p n d wie' n h t h s o o g r vng ifc ly wal wi . Tr 6 )
physca e m i ton,t r wa no ar y o tuci n,ba k t m e s ne tnde e s or
i l xn nai he e s
iwa bsr to
c ende s , ck e m s ,
e m ai he e r m ii s She wa di gnos d wih a ç lxi t r aci n' a pr s rbe Xa x
de n r xte te .
s a
e t n s z ey e to ' nd e c i d na
a

a dP io e . ( . 6 )
n rls c Tr 2 3 .
I De e be of 2008 M s Car pr e e t t e e ge y r m wih compl nt of
n cm r
, . r es nt d o he m r nc oo
t
ai s

a o n lp i a dd ar e . ( . 7 ) Asd fo e hiiigmida d mia tnd me s he
bd mia an n irh a Tr 2 0 . ie r m x btn l b o n l e e s , r
p ysc le n n to wa n nna a d s wak d wih a se d g i. ( .2 0 7 ) The
h ia x mi ai n s o l n he le t
ta y at Tr 7 - 6 .

5

a tn i g p y iin noe ta s e wa p o a y e peincn blay c lc ( .2 3 . He
te d n h sca td h t h s r b bl x re ig iir o i. Tr 7 )
r er d he f a el tvec ec t c omy.
ef re r or n eci hol yse t
I Augus of2009,pl i ifpr e e t Dr Crc nbe ge wih c pli sofkneepan.
n
t
antf es nt d o . i ke r r t om a nt
i
Dr Crc nbe ge or r a t ee viw x-a s i ofpli ifs l tkne The r uls oft
. ike r r de ed hr - e
r y eres
antf ef
e.
es t
he

sre we ei e tv . . o a a u eo s o a n r lt ' ( . 3 .
e is r f gaie . f r n c t s e us b o mai ' Tr 31 )
n
y.
Pl n ifs w Dr Crc nbe ge a i i Oc o rof201 a whih tme s co ane of
aitf a
. ike r r gan n t be
0, t c i he mpli d

pan i h rrg ts o l e a d lf hp. ( .31 -1 ) A No e e 2 0 x ry o p an i s
i n e ih h u d r n et i Tr 4 5 .
v mb r 01 -a f litY
s o l e rve ld n e i e c o a y a no maiy. ( .31 ) An x-a o he hp rv ae
h u d r e ae o v d n e f n b r l
t Tr 4 .
ry f r i e e ld
i a l ose rhrtc c nges of t s ro a e ublr rm ,'but ç ot r a malte a
t ry t oa t ii ha
e
he upe ir c t a i '
i
no he bnor iis s

i g d. ( . 5 .
ma e ' Tr 31 )
'
Dr Crc nbe g rr f n'd pl ntf t Dr J m Fr e wih Ca i n Clni Ne oszge y. i ke r e e e e ai if o . ol as r t dlo i c ur tr r
Roano . On No mbe 4,201 Dr Fr s ror r x-a ofpl i ifs ll rs ne whih
ke
ve r
0, . a e de ed r ys
antf lmba pi , c

r v ae itrpa enar wig a d e plt o to h e a t L3 L4 lve. ( . 6 . A fw
e e ld n es c ro n n nd ae se p yts t he - e l Tr 31 )
e
da lt ,M s Ca rs w Dr Fr e f ra c ula i e l to r ga di he l tsde lw e
ys aer . r a
. as r o
ons ttve vauai n e r ng r ef- i d o r

ba kpan. ( . 0 ) Plitf rp re t a h rp i wa a c mpa id b n n s a t s
c i Tr 3 8 . an if e o td h t e an s c o n e y umb e s t i ,
me
a t the l gs f l he vy whe s wake Dr Fr s rnot d t tpli ifwasunde a f i
nd ha r e et a
n he l d. . a e
e ha antf
r ar
n
mountof sr s t the hus
tes , ha r band wa dia e a t ts was i t pr e s of o ani
s s bld, nd ha he
n he oc s
bt i ng

c t ofhe gr ndc l On physc le m i ton,pl i ifm o d sowl butwasca bl of
usody
r a hid.
i a xa na i
antf ve l y,
pa e
w al ng o he he l a t s wihou a ym mer She e bie G e or l s i a S1
ki
n r e s nd oe
t t s
ty.
xhi td t ns y os n n
s
di t i i n, butt s r ghtl g r i i t tw a ne tve, rr fe sw e e s m e rca ,a Dr
s rbuto '
'
he tai e a s ng es s ga i he e l xe r ym t i l nd .

Frs rd dç o fn a we k e so t ee tn o h lii ln u o et rsd . ( . 0 ) Dr
a e i ç t id ny n n s f h x e s r al s o g s n i ie' Tr 3 8 . .
n
c
he
'
Fr s rpr s rbe aM e ol e k a i t c e pli ift pe f m ll ba e r ies Healo
a e e ci d
dr Dos pa nd nsnlt d antf o ror lm r xe c s .
s
r que td addii na di g tc i a ng,i l ng mye ogr phy. A s eq n myel a
e se
to l a nosi m gi
ncudi
l a
ubs ue t
ogr m

6

c
onduc e o De mbe 7,2010de onsr t d mode aes na c na se i a L3- a s na
t d n ce r
m ta e
r t pi l a l tnoss t L4 nd pi l

se o i t als e d g e a L4 L5. ( . 1 ) Th e n n to as r v ae as l c nr l
tn ss o e s r e re t Tr 3 7 . e x miain lo e e ld mal e ta

p onlina L5 S1a dmo eaeya va c df c ta tr p t yo telf L5 S1 ( . 7 .
r t so t - n d rtl d n e a e rh o ah n h e t - . Tr 31 )
M s Car r t ne t Dr Fr e on J nua y 28,2011 a tr he i tr d saus e r d.
. r e ur d o . as r
a r
, fe r nsle t t xpie
Durngt e mi ton,pl i ifi c t d t the s
i he xn nai
antf ndi a e ha r ympt so pan a nlm bnes ha E te
om f i nd l
s d ç tn
go
wo s snc t m yeogr m ,'a t tmos ofhe lg pan oc ur e whe s se on he sde.
r e i e he
l a ' nd ha
t
r e i c rd
n he lpt
ri

( . 2 ) Dr F a e ds u s d tep si lt o d c mp e sves r ey n t t tp anifs
Tr 3 0 . . r s r ic s e h o sbi y f e o r si u g r , oi ha litf
i
ng
hit r wa G e st n ac e r c tpit ef ne ogelcca c ton orr diul t 'bu t the
so y s t s ha l a - u cur or ur ri ludia i
l
a c opahyy t ha
'

wo l n tr f s t p ro m s r e yi s wa td t pu s ei. ( . 21. At h ttme i wa
ud o eu e o e f r u g r f he n e o ru t Tr 3 ) t a i ,t s
G tce rta E li tf wa )ral itr se i s r ey' ( . 21 .
t la h t panif s e l n ee td n u g r . Tr 3 )
no
y
'
Durng a f l w- a nt nton M a c 24,2011 pl ntf r pore t the lf 1
i
olo up ppoi me
rh
, ai if e td ha r e t eg

n mb s h d ice s d a dt a he e tr lf 1gwo l g n mb wi stig. ( . 5 ) I
u ne s a n r a e n h t r nie e t e u d o u
t it
h n Tr 4 5 . n
lgh of he G r it nt a pr r sve s
i t
r d sse
pe
nd og es i
ympt m s' pli if de de t pr e wih
o ,' antf
ci d o oc ed t

d c mp e sv s r ey. ( .4 5 . On Ap i 6 20 1 plitf u d r n a 13 4 bltrl
e o rsi e u g r Tr 5 )
rl , 1 , anif n e we t n ,- iae a
l mi c o y,m e alf e e t m y,a f n i t
a ne t m
di ac t c o
nd or m no omy a Ca ii n Roa
t rlo
noke M e oi lHos Ol
m za
pi .

S et lrtdtep o e u ewel n wa rla e t f lo n d y ( . 5 )
h oeae h r c d r l a d s ee s d he olwig a . Tr 4 8 .
Pl n if r t r
aitf e u ned t Dr Fr s r a o ma ey fve we ks lt r I a l te t Dr
o . a e ppr xi t l i
e ae. n
e tr o .
Crc nbe ge sl a i ng t f l w - e mi to Dr Fr e no e t tM s Ca rwa sil
i ke r r lmm rzi he olo up xn nai n, . as r t d ha
. r s tl

e p re cn t o 1w b c pan. ( . 2 ) Ho ve, h wa a l t wako h rhe l a d
x ein ig t me o a k i ' Tr 3 2 . we r s e s b e o l n e es n
s
'
t s s c d pero m kne be we lwih bot l gs he r fe we e s
oe , he oul
fr
e nds l t
h e , r e l xes r ymmeti a ,a Dr
rc l nd .

Frs r c ud tnd ç o d fct' ( .3 2 . Dr Frs rnoe t a h ha p e ci d p y ia
a e o l i ç eii. Tr 2 ) . a e td h t e d rs rbe h sc l
n
'
t r py,Ulr m ,a Lodi ,andt thew o d s pl ntf a i i sx we ks
he a
tn nd
ne
ha
ul ee ai if gan n i e .

7

On De e r 6,2011 pl i ifpr e e t Dr Br ntJ
c mbe
, antf es nt d o . e ohns a o t di s geo
on, n rhope c ur n,
wih co ant ofrghts de pa n. X-a pe f m e t day r veaed t y 2 ac omi n.'
t mpli s i houl r i
r ys ror d hat
e l T pe
r o '

( .3 8 . Plitf ee td t p o e d wi ase od ij cin. Ap r xmaey s v n mo t
Tr 2 ) anif lce o r c e t tr i n e to
h
p o i tl e e nhs
ltr i Au s o 2 2 panifc niue t c mp an o s o l e p i ( . 3 ) Atta
ae, n gu t f 01 , lit o t d o o li f h u d r an. Tr 3 7 . h t
f
n
tm e s wasc rngf he di a e hus nd a hadc t ofhe t ye rol gr nds
i , he
a i or r s bld ba nd
usody
r wo- a - d a on. She
uli ae y unde e a t os cslge y on he rg s de on Dec mbe 26,201
tm tl
m nt rhr copi tr r
r i ht houl r
e r
2.
I Se embe of 201 M s Ca r r t ne t Dr Fr s r wih c pl nt ofba k pan.
n pt
r
3, . r e ur d o . a e t om ai s
c i
Howe r o p i a e
ve , n hysc l xnmi ton,herba wa G e r' he gai waso y m idl a agi ,
na i
ck s t
nont nde ,' r t
nl l y nt l c
he sr i ht1g r sng t twa ne tve a s ha f l mot rsr ngt i a ts ns to a no
r ta g e aii es s gai , nd he d ul o te h, nt c e ai n, nd

e e . ( . ) Ba e o s b e ue td a n si tsig a d e l to ,Dr Frs ro i d
d ma Tr 421. s d n u s q n ig o tc e tn n vauains . a e pne
t tpl i ifs mor r e s
ha antf
e ec nt ympt s we e G ty oseom hrtc r t r t r a e t acual
om
r s l t
mos
ii a he han elt d o t

se o i. ( .4 4 . Dr Fr sra vie p anift i ce s t n u to tmet ts ewa
tn ss' Tr 3 ) . a e d s d litf o n ra e he mo n f i ha h s
'
waki i herya d a t c i uepe f ng e r s s
l ng n
r nd o ontn
ronni xe cie .

Att admi srtve he rng hed on J y 1 201 M s Ca rt sii d t tsi so d
he
nitai
ai
l
ul 2, 6, . r e tfe ha lè t ppe
wo ki asac s e be a e ofba kpan,a t tt s ge y pero d by Dr Fr s rç t aly
r ng
a hir c us
c i nd ha he ur r
f nne
. ae ç u l
ac

ma e t p i wo s . ( .4 4 ) Plitf as came t ts wa t bl t d a y
d he an re' Tr 4, 6 . an if lo li d ha he s ma e o o n
'
hous hol c r fo t tme s soppe wor ng i 2006 t i t e of201 whe he
e d ho es r m he i he t d
ki n
mtl he nd
0, n r

is rdsause pie ( . 1 . P an ife tmae t ts ec ul o l sa f ra p o i tl
n u e tt x rd. Tr 5 ) litf si td ha h o d ny tnd o p r xmaey
t nt mi e bef r ne di t le down i a r lne ,a t ts c d stf no m o et n
we y nut s o e e ng o i
n eci r nd ha he oul i or
r ha

t e nmiu e a atme ( . 7 49 . M s Carfrh rtsiidt ts eç a u 'mo ngt e
m e n ts t i . Tr 4 - )
. r u te etfe ha h ç ve p' wi h
g
l w n w ih a rdi m o er%a c e yea s a ' a t ts ha pr vi usy us d a pus m ow e t
a
t i ng w 1 oupl
r go,' nd ha he d e o l e
h
ro

c tç l t bta teb c d o . ( .51 3 . M s Carcame t twhe s eusd t p h
u G i l i t h a k o r' Tr -5 )
a te
'
. r li d ha
n h e he us
mo r s eh dt tk b e k e e yt n ymiue . ( . 5 . l rs n et q e to sfo he
we, h a o a e ra s v r we t n t s Tr 5 ) n epo s o u sin r m r

at
tonwy, s Ca ra s t sii d t ts e re ddisc tesw ih a ey,de e son,so a h
M . r lo e tfe ha he xpe i nce f uli t nxi t pr s i t m c

cn ig az d ar aa te t s so pe wokig. ( .5 .6 ) W h n ake a o ta y
r mpn , l irhe t h i he tp d r n Tr 8- 3 . e s d b u n
d
me
ho e t ts ha durng t r e nttme pe i M s Ca r t si d t ts woul wa c
bbis ha he d i he elva i
rod, . r e tûe ha he
d th

tlvso a d r a h me ma a ie . ( .79 . S e as idc td t ts e e j e g i t
ee iin n e d o
g zn s Tr ) h lo n iae ha h noy d ong o
c u c wi h rmoh ri-a ( . 4 .
h rh t e te -n lw. Tr 7 )
h
Afe c i rng a1oft e de eofr c d,t La J
tr onsde i 1 he vi nc
e or he w udgedetr i t tM s Ca rs
e m ned ha
. r'

physc i r nt we e not s s ve e as t pr ve pe f r a of lght r f
i al mpaime s r
o e r
o e nt r o m nce
i e onns ofwor
k
a tviy t ough he da e l s i tr d. I m a ng t s dee mi ton,t La J
c i t hr
r t a t nsle n ki hi tr na i he w udge f md t t
ot ha
M s Ca rsa l a i oft t lydia i physca lm iai nsdli t r lvant i epe i we e
. r ' leg tons o a l s blng
i l i tto trng he ee
tm
rod r
note iel c e bl TheLa J
ntr y r di e.
w udgenot t tat ug pl i ifs
ed ha lho h antf oughtte t ntf ba kpan,
r a me or c i

j it an a di tbeb we s n r mep irt tee prto o h ri t e sa ,h te t n
on p i , n nia l o l y d o ro o h x iain f e nsl d tms t e r ame t
r
s r c ve wasçe s ntaly r utne and orc ns r tve i naur ' a pl n ifdi nots i
he e ei d
Es e i l o i
/ o e vai n t e' nd aitf d
ubm t

e i e c o t in fc n te t n fo s cait ...b f r t e d t ls iste ' ( , )
v d n e f s g iia t r ame t ' m pe ilss
s
r
eo e h ae a t n t d. Tr 25 .
r '
Alhoug pl ntf uli t l t r ntde m pr s i slge y i Aprlof2011, he La J
t h ai if tma ey mde we
co e sve tr r n
i
t
w udge

not d t tpl i ifss
e ha antf ympt m sa
o
ppea e t wo s n durng t i e ve
rd o re
i he nt r ing tme pe i a t t
i
rod, nd ha
l
umba s nei a ngs
r pi m gi howedonl mid a
y l bnonnalte t i t m o hbe or he dael ti ur
ii s mtl he nt f e r t as ns ed.

( .2 -2 ) TheLa J g f rh ro s r e t a plitf ha noma p ysc le n n to s
Tr 5 6 .
w ud e u te b e v d h t an if d r l h ia x miain
durngt r l va tmepe i t ts ofe m a nomen i n ofba kpan, nd t the a lt t
i he e e nt i
rod,ha he tn de
to
c i a ha r biiy o

m ow t lwn s
he a
ugge t t the s
sed ha r ympt m swe e nots s ve e ast pr l a lmie r nge of
o
r
o e r
o ecude i t d a

l h wo k a tvt ( . ) Ad iin l t La J g e ha ie ta no o plitf
i t r cii Tr 26 . dto al he w ud e mp sz d h t ne f an ifs
g
y.
y,
te tn p y iin s g e tdt a s ewa t bet wo k d rn t erlv n tmep ro . ( .
raig h sca s u g se h t h s ma l o r u ig h ee a t i e id Tr
27 .
)

9

The La J
w udge a s f md t tM s Ca rs s
lo ol ha
. r ' ympt ofnn e y and de es i di no
oms
xit
pr son d t
r nde he dia ed f a1 f r sofs t nta ganfl e oym e o ot r s c rbut t an
e r r s bl or 1 o m
ubsa i l i l mpl
l
nt r he wie onti e o
ove a ldiab lt .2 I
r l s iiy n

ua i
r nt l mpar e sa se t e oft s que i pr es ,
im nt t tp hr e he e ntal oc s
eval tng he me a i

teLa J d edee n dta M s Ca'ha ç d r t dfiute 'wi s ca f n to ig. ( .
h w u g tnnie h t . l d l e ae ifc lis' t o il u cinn Tr
r mo
h
2 ) Al u hpli iftsi dt ts ed e n ti et b aomdp o l, h La J d enoe
0 . t g ant e t ha h o s o lk o e r t e p e t e w u g td
ho
f fe
t ts Gdi notco pl n o difc t w11 s i li e a ton t he teai pr ttone s' a
ha he ç d
m ai f fi uly 11 oc a nt r c i o r r tng acii r ,' nd
t t s E i d wih he f miy m e r a we t c tc wih no pr e i s i
ha he t ve
l
t r n l
mbe s nd nt o htr h t
obl ms n ocal

f n to n . ( .20 . Th La J d e as d tr n d ta M s Car ha d d r t
' cinig' Tr )
u
'
e w u g lo eemie h t . r d t e ae
mo
di c tes'i t a e ofc e r to pe sse e,orpa ,bas on he t tm o i c tng
o uli ' n he r a
onc ntai n, r it nc
ce ed
r esi ny ndi ai

t a çhed e no d a g tqsr s weld et n xit . ( .2 ) Ho v r t eLa J d e
h t t o s t e l wi te s l u o n ey' Tr 0 . we e , h w u g
s
h
'
e phasze t tpli tf di no r por s cii pr e wih co e r ton, r it nce orpa e
m
i d ha a n if d t e t pe fc obl ms t nc ntai pe sse ,
c
d i m e ca e
urng
di l xami tons t t he teai pr ttone s ne r no e me a saus
na i ; ha
r ' tng acii r
r
ve
td
nt l tt

a o lte ; n t th fc t t h e j y dr a i ma a ie s g e tdt a s ddn t a
bn nuai s a d ha t e a tha s e no e e dng g zn s u g se h t he i o h ve
i
sg iia tp o lmswih atn in o c nc nrto ( . 0 26 . TheLa J d e as n td
infc n r be
t te to r o e tain. Tr 2 , )
w u g lo oe
t tnoneofM s Ca r ste tng physc a s gese t ts had f to llm iai nsr s tng
ha
. r' rai
ii ns ug t d ha he
unci na i tto e uli

fo he me tl e l s mp o . ( . 7 .
r m r n a h at y t ms Tr 2 )
h
Ona a t t sc t M s Ca r t ough c ms l make t eea gume si s
ppe l o hi our, . r ,hr
ot e ,
s hz r
nt n uppo t he
r of r

moin f rs mmayj d me t Fis, s Cara g e t tt La J d e sa s sme to he
to o u r u g n . rt M . r r u s ha he w u g ' se s n f r
me a i im e si nots
nt l mpar nt s
uppore by s tntale de e. Cii ava it ofdecsons m os
td
ubsa i vi nc
tng
rey
ii , t
no a y t toft Unied St t Cour ofAppe l f t Fourh Cic ti M as o v.Col n, 0
t bl ha
he t
aes
t
a s or he
t r ui n
ci
vi 78

F.d 6 2 (t Ci.2 5 ,p an ifa g e t a te La J d e sfn ig r g r ig he rsd l
3 3 4h r 01 ) litf r u s h t h w u g ' i dn s e adn r e iua
2I deemi ng t tpli ifs fr d âom a e y a de e so t ough t dae ls i ur d and t t
n tr ni ha antf ufe e
nxit nd pr s in hr
he t a t ns e
ha
s h dio de sc tmt s r i r s t La J
uc s r r onsi ed eve e mpaiment, he w udge deci d t a
lne o doptt o ni oft sae a nc
he pi ons he tt ge y
cons tnt,who f
ula s
ound t tt ewa i ufiinte de et s tntaet pr e e ofame c l dee mi bl
ha her s ns fce vi nc o ubsa it he es nc
dialy tr na e
m e ali panne .
nt m i nt

f n to a c p ct (R.C' , n tec re p n igh p teia q e to p s dt t ev c to a
u cin l a a iy t F ' a d h o rs o dn y oh tc l u sin o e o h o ain l
& )
e r, d no s t intyac omm oda ehe m ode a edifc teswih c
xpe tdi t ufk e l c
t r
r t fi uli
t once r ton, r it nce
nta i pe sse ,
pa ,a s i f toni
ce nd ocal unc i ng. Fo t f l ng r as , we r t c ti una et a ee
r he olowi e ons ho ve , he our s bl o gr .

I Ma co t eLa J d ece i dMa co' da no i o a a j sme d s r e a das
n s i, h w u g r dt
e s i s ig ss f n du t nt io d r n lo
f t t ts ha moder t disc te wih m ant i ng c e r ton,pe sse e,orpa asa
omd ha he d
ae f uli s t
i ani onc nta i
r it nc
ce

t
he
he i a
e o he ai na
sdee f tofhe pan m e c ton. I a 638. Alhought hypot tc lpos d t t voc to l
i fec
r i di ai
d. t
to l xpe t ncude n
e r çs i not ng a
xpe t tad hi bout M a c o' m e t l lm iai ns' t vocai na e r i l d a
s i s n a i tto y' he

çms i t a tonofSmsdle wor 'wiihçmac dt ALJSfndi r gadi M a co'
l olcied ddii
t
t l ld k'' lc s the he ' i ngs e r ng s i s

rsd a f n to a c pa i ' I . The F u t Cic i utmaey E g e g jwih o h rcrut
e iu l u cin l a ct ' d
y.
o rh r ut li tl t re d t t e ic is
a
t tt A LJ doe no a ot tS o a c ai a ' lm ia i i c
ha he
s t cc m f r l m nt s i t tons n once r ton, r it nc a pa
nta i pe s s e e, nd ce

b r srcigteh poh tc l u sint smp e r uiet s so u l le wok.' l .q o ig
y etitn h y t eia q e to o i l, o t a k r nsc ld r ' d (u tn
n
i
'
W i c e v. mm' o So .S c,6 F.d 1 7 ,1 8 ( 1hCi.2 1) TheCo r r a o d
nsh l Co r f c e . 31 3 1 6 1 0 1 t r 01 ).
u t e s ne
t tE hea lt t pe f m sm pl t ksd fe sfom t a lt t sa ont k. 1 Be us t
ha t biiy o ror i e as if r r he biiy o t y as ' d. ca e he
t
'
La J
w udgef ie t e ai ç
al d o xpl n t M a co' mode ae lm ia i i c
why s i s
r t i tton n once r ton, rit nc a
nta i pe sse e nd

p c a se t -e(i )n t rn lt it almiaini M aco sr sd lun to a c p ct , t e
a e t tp l e d d o ta sae no i tto n s i' e iua f cin l a a iy' h
u
'
Fourh Cic tc l d t tar m a wa r quied. I
t r ui oncude ha e nd s e r
d.
Upon r vi w o t r c d,t c tc l
e e f he e or he our oncudest tt La J
ha he w udge' a s s ntofM s
s s es me
.
Ca rsm e t i r nt i s
r ' n al mpaime s s uppored by s t nta e de e a t tr mand i notr uie
t
ubsa i l vi nc nd ha e
s
eq r d
t rM a co. Asi caed a
mde
si
ndi t bove t La J
, he w udgepa ta l c e t t pl ntf' t si o t t
rily r died he ai if s e tm ny ha
s s ei e a ds beng a ot pe e i de e mi ng t the a e y r s t i mode a e
he om tm s voi
i r md opl n t r ni ha r nxit e uled n
rt

df te wi s ca fmcinn ( .2 ) Li wie i d tr nig ta M s Car h d
it is t o il t to ig. Tr 0 . ke s , n eemi n h t . r . a
kul
h
m ode a e di fc te w ih c e r ton,pe s s e ,or pac ,t La J e t i t a ot
r t fi uli s t onc nt a i
r it nce
e he w udg ook n o cc mt

p an ifs tsi n ta s e d d n tha de srs v r wel ( .2 ) Afe c nsd dn
litf e tmo y h t h i o n l te s e y l. Tr 0 . tr o ie g

pli tf' pa tc a difc te i t s a e off
a n ifs riulr fi ulis n he e r as undi ni t La J e f
o ng, he w udg ound t tpli if
ha antf
wa lm iedt pe f mi Gsmpl , outnet s ofnom o et n f l se ,' t onl oc sona
s i t o ror ng ti e r i a ks
r ha otr t ps'wih y ca i l

itr cin wi te p bi. ( .21 . Th La J g f u d t a s c rsrcinsa e u tl
ne a to t h u lc Tr ) e w ud e o n h t u h e tito d q aey
h
ac om modae he is wih sr s anda e y, t tt r c d asawhol i c t d t ts
c
td r s ues t te s
nxit and ha he e or
e ndia e ha he

d dno r q iea dto lwo k rltd lmiain . ( . 0 2 -2 ) Asn td a o e t eLa
i t e ur d i na r -eae i tto s Tr 2 , 5 6 .
i
oe b v , h w
J e e
udg mphasz d t t pli ifs me c l r c ds di no doc e a me a sat
i e ha antf
di a e or
d t
um nt ny
nt l t '
us
a malte ors es t tf nctona r srci nswe e ne es a y asa r s tofhe e o i na
bnor iis ugg t ha u i l e ti to
r c sr
e ul
r m to l
i imen s
mpar t .
Thus t i M a ci t La J
, mlke s o, he w udgedi notsl a iy lm i M s Ca' t unscle wor
d
lmm rl i t . l o lild
r
k
wihoute a ton. I t a t La J
t
xplna i
nse d, he w udgef mul t s cii lm iai t thef undwoul
or aed pe tc i t tons ha
o
d
s fc e ty ac omm oda e pli tf pa tc a dif tes wih s il i er c i a wih
ufi i n l c
t a n ifs riulr fkuli
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c
ur s aised t t t La J
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a uat e plnai n of ho hi IFC fndi f ly a ot e f M s Ca rs sr s or
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w s I
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a ey-e aed lmia i ,a t thi a s s m e i s
nxi t r l t i t tons nd ha s s e s nt s uppo td by s t ntale de . The
re
ubsa i vi nce
smpl f t i t tM s Can'r eve r i a or c e v tve team e f de e so a
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.
ec i d outne nd/ ons r a i r t nt or pr s i n nd
n ey, t be or a afe he da els i ur d,a t tnopr tto rha e rs
nxi t bo h f e nd tr r t a t ns e nd ha
acii ne s ve uggese t t
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s hasa e i li ime t tr ulsi mor sgnii a f tona lm iai nst n t e
he
n motona mpar nt ha es t n
e i fc nt unci l i t to ha hos
i n ii d by t La J
de tfe
he w udge. Fo a 1o t s r as ,t c tco l st tr m a i not
r 1 f he e e ons he our ncude ha e nd s
r quiedunde M a co.
e r
r si
M s. Ca ' s c
n' e ond a g e i t t t La J
s
r um nt s ha he w udge f ied t c
a l o onduc a pr r
t
ope
fl ton- f nc i n a ys s as e s ng he r s dualf nc i
l i by- u to nal i s s i
nc
r ei
u tonalca iy. I pa tc a ,M s Ca r
pac t n ri ul r
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c e t tt La J
ont nds ha he w udgef l t m a s fce ûndi r ga di he al ge Ena lt t
aied o ke ufi int
ngs e r ng r le d i biiy o
i

12

sa f m o et n t nt m i e a atm ea stf mor t n 15 mi e a atm e a he
t nd or r ha we y nut s t i nd i or e ha
nut s t i nd r
nee t r lnei he r lne muli etm e pe da ' P1' Br 22,Dkt No.1
d o eci n r eci r tpl i s r y.
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.
8.

Upon r vi of t r c d a a i a e c elw, t c t fnds t s a glme
e ew
he e or nd pplc bl as a he our i
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t ruasve Alhough gu dei fom t Soc a Se urt Admizsr ton i tuc t La
mpe s i . t
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r he i l c iy
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J
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suncton- f nc i ' ppr c o t r ni
l m nts e i l unci nal

c pa iy SS 9 - p 1 9 S LEXI 5(u y2 1 9 ) t F u t Cic th sGee tdape s
a ct , R 6 8 , 9 6 SR
S J 1 , 9 6 ,he o rh rui a G j ce
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M a co 7 0F.d a 6 5 I se d teCo r a re wiht eS c n Cic i t tSre n ma
s i, 8 3 t 3 . n t a ,h u t g e d t h e o d r ut ha s q ma d y
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futae me nn f lrv e ' J s(uoi Cih c iv.Asnl,7 9 F.d 1 2 1 7 ( d Ci.
r srt a ig u e im ' . q tng c o k
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t e 2 3 7, 7 2 r
2 3)
01 ).
Upo r viw o t r c d,t c tc l st ts h de i incesa enotpr e i t
n e e f he e or he our oncude ha uc fce i r
es nt n he

i t c s . I i ce fom t La J e' de ii n t thec i r d a1ofM s. r ' ca me
nsant a e t s lar r he w udg s c so ha
onsde e 1
Car s li d
lmia i ,i l ng t e des rbe dmi t ad ilsr tve hea i but f md t t s h
i t tons ncudi hos
ci d
ng he m ritai
rng,
ot ha uc
lmia i we ei nsse w iht fndi o physc e mi ton, hec e v tvena u eof
i t tons r nco itnt t he i ngs n
ial xn na i t ons r a i
tr
t te t e pr de pro t he dael ti ur d, nd he o sa e nt t pr c ii r durng
he r am nt ovi d i r o r t as ns e a
r wn t t me s o a ttone s i

t erlv n tmep ro . ( .2 -2 ) Alh u h panift e we td c mprsi eslg r a
h ee a t i ei d Tr 5 6 . t o g li tf md r n e o e sv t ey
r
f w m o hs a tr he i ur d sa us e r d,t r or i c t s t t pl i ips s
e
nt fe r ns e tt xpie he ec d ndi a e ha antf ympt
oms
w or ene du i t i e v ng tm e pe
s d z ng he nt r eni i
dod. Pr o t t co
i r o he nduc of t s gi a pr e e i
t he m c l oc dm n
A prlof2011 D r Fr e not d t tpl i if s s pt sha Ggoten w or e s ncet m ye og a '
i
, . as r e ha a ntf ym om
di t
s i he
l rm '

co uctd i De e be of201 a t ts ha e e t d t pr ee wih s ge y i lgh ofhe
nd e n c m r
0 nd ha he d l c e o oc d t ur r n i t
r

p o r sies mp o . ( .3 , 5 ) Totee tn p anifn w s g e t t a s wa tdt
r g esv y t ms Tr 20 4 5 .
h x e t litf o u g ss h t he ne o
13

t r o szge y s
mde g lr r oone butwast bl t s hed e i untla trhe da e l ti ur t r co d
r
ma e o c ul t i fe r t as ns ed, he e r
smpl f ist s
i y a l o uppo t uc a gume . Afe s e ngM s Ca ro J nua y28,
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nt
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h
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pied, . as r vie
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not e r ha

( s Car s ral itrse i slg r . ( . 20 . Th rc r idc tst ttwa n t ni
M . r wa l e ly n ee td n t e y' Tr 3 ) e e o d n iae ha i s o u tl
r '
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rh
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h d ice s d' t a plitf çe u se t t gh y p o e d' wi s r ey. ( .45 )
a n ra e , h t anif t q e td ha t e l r c e ' t u g r 3 Tr 5 .
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r
h
M o e r fve we ksafe t s ge y wa pe f
r ove , i
e
tr he ur r
s ronne pl ntf wasa e t wa k a be he
d, ai if
bl o l nd nd r

k e swel a d Dr Fr srwa u be t 5 ml d fcto p sc le n n to ( . 2 )
n e l n . a e s na l o nd y eii n hy ia x miain. Tr 3 2 .
,
Fo aloft er a o , he c tbe ivest tt La J e' e l to ofM s Car scam e
r 1 hes e s ns t our le ha he w udg s vauai n
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lmia insi c it ntwih t pr t ole tbls d i M a c o a M onr v.Col n,8 F.d
i t to s onsse
t he o oc sa ihe n s i nd
oe
vi 26 3

1 6 ( t Ci.20 6 ,a d ta s bsa ta e i e c s p o t t e La J g ' e l to o
7 4h r 1 ) n h t u tnil v d n e u p rs h w ud e s vauain f
pl i i sr sdualf tona c pact t o h t d t l s i u e
antc e i
unc i l a iy hr ug he a e a t ns z d.
Fi ly,r l ngon t Fourh Cic tsde son i Br
nal eyi
he
t r ui' cii n own v.Co m iso r 873 F. 251
m s i ne ,
3d

( t Ci.2 7 ,M s Ca r c ne s t t te La J d e s a s sme t o h r tsi n a d
4h r 01 ) . r o tnd ha h w u g ' se s n f e e tmo y n

s b e tv c mp an si no s p o tdb s b tn il vie e Alh u hM s Car etfe a te
u j cie o lit s t u p re y u sa ta e d nc . t o g . r tsiid th
a i sr tvehea i t ts e re d t al dia i pan a dic o tprort he dae
dm nita i
rng ha he xpe ince ot ly s blng i nd s omf r i o r t
l s i ur d,t La J
a t ns e he w udge f und t t t pl ntY s sae e s r ga di t i t nst a
o
ha he ai i
tt m nt e r ng he n e iy nd
lmii e f c sofhers
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ympt swe enote tr l c itntwih t m e c e de e a o he
om
r
n iey onsse
t he dial vi nc nd t r
e de e ofr c d. The La J
vi nc
e or
w udgepr vi d s ii r as f hi de son t no f ly c edi
o de pecfc e ons or s cii o t u l r t
t pl i ifs sa e nt r r ng t s vert of he s
he antf t t me s ega di he e iy
r ympt s The La J
om .
w udge not t t
ed ha
pl i ifr pore pe f mi ya d wor a ot raci te t twe ei nsse wih c
antf e td r or ng r
k nd he tvii s ha r nco it nt t ompli s
ant

of dia i s mpt a lmiai . ( .26 . Alhough pli if tsiid dudng t
s blng y oms nd i ttons Tr )
t
antf etfe
he
3Pli ifdoe no appe rt ar t tt nee f s de s gey e sed prort he da el ti t ed.
antf s t
a o gue ha he d or houl r ur r xit i o r t as nsl
r
Shedi no unde go a t os cs ge y on he rg s de untlDe mbe 26,201 ne ry t yea sahe he
d t
r rhr copi ur r
r iht houl r i ce r
2, a l wo r
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isle sau e prd. X-a sp ro me i No e e o 2 0rv ae n e ie c o a ya nomai ( . 1 )
n t d tts x ie
r
ry efr d n v mb r f 01 e e ld o vd n e f n b r ly. Tr 3 4 .
t

a i sr tvehe rng t the l wn wa ve' s al s a s d Dr Crc nbe ge t ts wa
dm nita i
a i ha r a
s z m l, he dvie . i ke r r ha he s
y

rs o sbef rmo ngç b u 1 a rs 'whih r q rd s v r lhols ( . 9 ) Th La
e p n il o wi s o t 0 ce , ' c e uie e e a t . Tr 2 5 . e w
a
r
':

J
udge r a one t t r r es oft szehe yar t f c t ts wasa et e ge i s h
e s d ha , ega dl s he i
r d, he a t ha he
bl o nga n uc
a tviy d i t r e nttme pe i s
c i t urng he elva i
rod ugge t d t the s
se ha r ympt swe e nots s ve e a t
om
r
o e r s o
pr l pe f ma e of a lmie r nge of lghtwor The La J
ecude ror nc
i td a
i
k.
w udge as not d t t t
lo e ha he

o j cie me ia e ie c ,icu ig d a no tc i gn tsig a d p y ia e n n to
be tv dc l vd n e n ldn ig si ma ig, e tn , n h sc l x miain
r uls r pe t dl r ve l d no orm id a malte t i t m ont be or pl ntf sda e l t
es t , e a e y e a e
l bnor iis mtl he
h f e ai if t as
i ur
ns ed. Addii ly,t La J
tonal he w udge e pha i d t i lgh of t ç le tons of t t ly
m sze hat n i t
he ç lga i
a
oal
dia i s
s blng ympt , onç w o d e c t s s
oms
ul xpe t o ee ome i cai n i t te t nt r c ds of
ndi to n he r a me e or
r src i pl c on t cai , ye a r vi of t r c d i t s c e r ve l no s h
e titons a ed
he l mant t e ew
he e or n hi as e a s
uc

rsrcin rc mme d db a yte t p ysca . ( . 7 .
e tito s e o n e y n r ai h iins' Tr 2 )
ng
'
Upon r viw oft r c d,t c ur i una e t d s m a e r i t La J
e e
he e or he o t s bl o ice ny ror n he w udge'
s

c gdbiiy fndi . Unlke Br
r i lt i ngs
i
own,t La J
he w udge co i r d pl n if smedialhit y aong
nsde e aitf
c sor l
wih he own al gai nsr ga di t s
t r
le to e r ng he ympt m sofhe physc la me a i par nt . The
o
r
i a nd nt l m ime s
c ta ee t tpl ntf' a lga i oft al di a i s
our gr s ha ai ifs le tons ot ly s blng ympt sa e s m e ti o it nt
om r o wha nc nsse

wi t ec mpansdo u n e i tete t n r c r s t eo j ciefn i so e mi to
t h o lit c me td n h r ame t e o d , h b e tv idng n xn nain,
h
a t r l tvel c e va i team e m e ur pr ded bef r he dae l s i tr d. Thus
nd he e ai y ons r tve r t nt as es ovi
o e r t a t nsle
,
t co ti s tsi d t ts tntale de s
he ur s a ife ha ubsa i vi nce upporst La J
t he w udge' de i i nott f l c edi
s c son
o uly r t
M s Ca r s t tm ony.
. r ' es i
I a tr i t Com m i soner s snalde i i n,t c ur doe no s
n fi m ng he
si '
c s o he o t s t ugge tt tM s Ca r
s ha
. r

wa feeo alpan anddi c m f tdtrng t r lvan tm epe i
sr f l i
s o or li he ee t i
rod. I d,t m e ca e de e
ndee he di l vi nc

c n i t a plitf s fee fo i ime t ta c u d b e p ce t rs l i s b e tv
o fnns h t an if u fr d rm mpar ns h t o l e x e td o e ut n u j cie
lmia i . Ho ve , physc a s
i t tons
we r no
ii n ugge t d t tM s Ca rwa t t ly dia e f a1 f msof
se ha . r s o a l s bl d or l or

wor o ne es iaedgr a e wo k- ea e lm ia i t nt ei ntfedbyt La J
k r c stt
e t r r r lt d i ttons ha hos de i
he w udge. The
r or smpl doe no i l
ec d i y
s t ncude me c l evi nce t t i c it nt wih t aly dia i
di a
de
ha s onsse
t ot l s blng
s
ympt m aol yprort t e r ton ofpl ntf si tr dsa us I mus ber cog z d t tt
o t og i o he xpia i
ai if nsle tt . t t e ni e ha he

i a ii t wo kwi u a y s b e tv c mpan sd e n to is l rnd racama tds b e .
n blt o r t t n u j cie o lit o s o f tef e e li n ia ld
y
ho
Se Cr i 76 F. a 59 I a
e a c,
3d t 2. t ppea st t co tha t Law J
r o he ur t t he
udgec i r aloft me c l
onsde ed l he di a

e d n e a wel a al o t e s be t fco s ra o a l s p o td b t e r c r ,i
vie c , s l s l f h u j ci a tr e s n b y u p re y h e o d n
ve
aj dc tng M s Cars cam f rb n t . Th ,t e c u tc ncu e t a a1f c t o t
du iai
. r' li o e eks us h o r o ld s h t 1 a es f he
Co misone ' fna de ii a es
m s i rs i l c son r uppore by s t nta e de e.
td
ubsa il vi nc
Asage r lr l , her ol i ofc lcsi t e de i am a trwihi t pr nc
ne a u e t es uton onfi t n he vi nce s
te t n he ovi e
o t Com misone ,e n i t co tm i r s ve t c lcs dif r nty. Riha ds v.
f he
s i r ve f he ur ght e ol he onfit fe e l
c r on

Peae ,s p a Op e h i v. nc 4 5 F.d 3 6 (t Ci.1 7 ) Fo t er a o sae ,t
r ls u r ; p n em Fi h, 9 2 9 4 h r 9 4 . r h e s ns ttd he
c tfndst Comm isone ' r s uton o t pe tne contit i t r co d i t sc et be
our i he
s i rs e ol i f he ri nt l cs n he e r n hi as o
s
upporedby s tntale de e. Ac or ngl t fna de ii n o t Co mi sonerm us be
t
ubsa i vi nc
c di y, he i l c so f he m s i
t
a fnned. La sv.Ce e e e, upr
fi
w
l br zz s a.
TheClr i die t dt s ndce tfe c esoft sm e o a l opi o t a1c ms lof
ek s rce o e
rii d opi
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r c d.
e or

DATED : sY
Thi

da ofN o mbe ,
y
ve r 2018.

Se o Unie Stt sDititJ
ni r t d a e src udge

16