Witt v. Redman et al

Filing 85

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 9/13/2018. (tvt)

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I TH E U N I
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FO R TH E W ESTERN D I
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R O AN OK E DI SI N
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LEONARD TH OM ASM QTT,

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CASE NO.7:
17CV00438

Pl nt f ,
ai i f

V.

M EM O RAN DU M O PI O N
NI

REDM AN c c s
,

By: Ho GlnE. nr d
n. e Co a
Seni U ni e St e D i t i tJudge
or
t d at s s r c

D efendant
s.

The pli if Le na d Thom a W it a Vigi a i a epr e ng pr K ,fl d tts cvi
a ntf , o r
s t, r ni nm t oce di
o
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.

rg t a to t e 42 U. C. j 1 8 , algn cams o e e sv fr e a d d lb r t
ihs cin md r
S.
9 3 le ig li f xc si e o c n eie ae
i fe e et hi s rousm e ca nee ,i vi a i ofhi c tt i lrght .Atis i t s
ndif r nc o s e i
di l ds n olton
s onsiutona i s
s ue n hi

me r n u o no i t e pata moi n t d s s fld b d fnd ns S r e n CGg '
mo a d m piin s h ril to o imis ie y ee a t e g a t S t'
)

Re ma ,J l A.W o d o ,D.W af r ,He r Po tn,M ao Rusel a B. .Lo e (te
d n om
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)
c l s t tt m o i m us be gr nt d. W its c am al gi e es i f c agans Sgt
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gut re to a ne ç g sa' t d n o d i h t . tod, h mi
W
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1 Thi s
s umma y of f t l algai , saed i t lghtmos fvo a e t W it i tke fo hi
r
acua le tons tt n he i
t a r bl o t s a n rm s

c mplit hsrs o s t ted fn a t'moin a datc me t ta h ic r rtsb rfrnc ( No .1
o an , i ep n e o h ee d n s to , n ta h ns h t e n opoae y eee e ECF s
a d56.
n )

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nde ' fc
r he
t or . tor
t a hr ug he ndow t t
ha

Ms W af r wa sa dn us o tiet f y rdo ro t esd wak W h nhetidt wak p t
. to d s tn igj t u sd he o e o n h ie l . e 'e o l u
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t e d o t Gl t he,ho ve,S .Re ma jl e o Msba k a d pn e l m a ans a
h o r o k o r we r gt d n l d n
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a by alng.
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e tai s lc
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e s he c d t
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at c t t r sr i sa tans td hi t Se e ton.
ta hed o he e tant nd r pore m o gr ga i

I Se e ton,a nur ee mi d W ita l d t s obs r a i ,now i hi me c l
n gr ga i
s xn ne
t nd ogge he e e v tons
n s di a

r c r s G fe d rh sa r so st (et tmp e (ihl lwe l i sd ,bltr lwrs a
e o d : G fn e a b a in o lfj e l, rg t o r i n i e iaea it nd
o
p
bi tr l n ls Ofe d rh ss men mb e si (e1 m it Ofe e i a et rtt wrs a
l ea a k e . f n e a o u n s n lf) s. fnd r s bl o oae it nd
a
m a a fs . N o o he compl nt . P1' Re p.Ex. a 1 ECF N o.56- . The ntr e i tuced
ke
t
t r
ai s' .s s
'
,t ,
1
ls nsr t
W iton pr e est ac es media c r f o s gr ga i a t n lf t cel W ital ge
t
oc dur o c s
c l a e r m e e ton nd he e t he l. t le s

t a hewe t o 2 h u swi o ta yte t n f rl sp i o ij re .
ht
n f r 4 o r t u n r ame t o l an r nu is
h
i
0n Oc o r3, 201 W itfl a i f m a c m pl ntf r za
t be
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5, t ied n n or l o ai o m boutbeng a s uled by Sg
Re n a o he s on Se e rz4- beng pt c d i t m out and kiked i t f c a
dma nd t r
pt mbe
i
m he n he
h
c
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ha ig r sr it i s d a Eqwe po t c to n' i wrssa d n k e . Co l Ex. a 1
vn e tan s ' e s a a n o u pe 'h s it n n ls' mp . A, t ,
u
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ECF No.11 M ao Ruselr s o d d: t t alg to so b i a sul d o te d y t a
- . j r s l e p n e ç l le ai n f eng sa t n h a h t
Yo r
e
y u weep a e i t s g h s(ijb e rv e d Yo weec c e b t me c ld p . nd
o r lc d no e a sc e n e iwe . u r he k d y he dia e t a
n n o t eij re t a y ua esaigwa fu wh n y uwe etk nt sg. J.
o e f h n u is h t o r ttn s o nd e o r a e o e ' .
'1
J
.
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2 Th c u ta s u iil oieo tefc ta fl ga ifr lc mplitfr i g n r l tef s se
e o r tke j dca n tc f h at h t ii n n oma o an om s e eal h l t tp
n
y r
a imae wi tke t e t Vigna De at n o Corcins(t
n n t l a md r he r ii p rme t f re to <
l
VDOC' Ofe d r Gre a c Pr c dze
' fn e iv n e o e l ,
)
r

OpeaigPo eue( '8 61 Dee igo teis rie i tefr iwil easjndt a apo rae
rt rcd r < ) 6 .. pndn n h sue asd n h om,t lb si e o n p rpit
n
rP'
sa f me r who s d wrt a r po e on t f m and rt r i t t i t m t n ffee da . I
tf mbe ,
houl ie es ns
he or
e u n t o he nmae hi it n ys f
dis tsid:t i t ma t nt t ne se unde OP 866. bytlng ar a gre nc Thewa de orhi
s aife he nmae y he ake he xt t p
r
1 ii
egulr iva e.
r n
s

dsl ew1 ivet t tematradis aLee Irso s t te. t, ocnte ap a t tergin l
eine l n si e h te n sue v l ep ne o h mmae wh a hn p elo h e o a
1
ga
a
dmmitaorf aLeve 1 r s e.
srt or
l 1 e pons

2

W itr i e t s m e alegai ns on a r gul rgre nce f r ,sa i t t Sgt Re n
t a s d he a
l to
e a i va
o m ttng ha
. dma
ha as a t d hi wih a t dl we pon' a G e o c r ' Jka 6 Hed ma de t the
d s ule m t G
dea y a ' ç l ny ha ge. . t .
- f
' t
.
e n d àa t

matrb û e py ivetg td'a d t a S 4 Re ma be t r u h t j sie f rhs ci n l
te e G e l n siae ' n h t g . d n t o g t o u tc o i rmia
d
b
be vir' J I t Le lIr s ns ,W ade W oods r e t greva e UNFOUNDED,
ha o . #. n he ve epo e r n
'
on uld he i nc

saig:G t me ia te t n fr d e n' saet s v rt o ijlist t o a esaigi
ttn l l d c l rame t om o s t tt he e e i f n t e ha y u r ttn n
Yo r
y
r
yourc antf m. JJ a 8. W aden W oods as i cae t ta i tgai ' t
ompli or ' .. t
' l
r
on lo ndi td ha n nvesi ton. he
of
alege a s ul wasongoi butSa t stm e t r ha bee no evi nc f md t s
l d sa t
ng,
st hi i he e s n
de e ot o uppor yo
t ur
al to ofc i nalbe vi by Sg Re a ' I
legai ns rmi
ha or
t dm n. d.
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I hi a pe lo t e Le e 1r s n e W itsae ta M ao Ru s l h d tasfe h s
n s p a f h v l epo s , t ttd h t j r s el a G li d i
f
rpo tt c ve u Sg Re ma ç)a s sie (iqa s utv be vo . J- W itrpo td t t
e r o o r p t d nls se sv sc sa lie ha ir' .S t e re ha
'/
t l lm a sr t wasi si a i li c i i lc
he oca gitae
nve tg tng ls rm na ompli ,a t Comm o at sAtom e
ant nd he
nwe lh' t y
had bee i or e o Sg .Red a sa tons I t Le 1 r s ns Re onalAd i srt
n nf m d f t
m n' c i . n he vel 1 e po e, gi
m nitaor

(ç ' Po t n sae t tt iv si ai no W itscamsa an tS . d n h d d e e ld
G ) n o ttd ha he n e tg to f t' li g is gtRe ma a t v ae
RA'
r
n e ie et s p o t( i ')alg to s' I . t1 .W it le e ta M ao Ru s l a dB. .
o vd nc o u p r W t s le ain . d a 1 t alg s h t j ! s el n J
1
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Lo y,Aug t s i tmtona i si t , ç li y a t a uly wihhe d i or a i '
ke
usa' nsi i l nve tga or G lngl nd mlwf l t l nf m ton'
wi
9om t m a sr t t hep Sg Re n a d pr e uton. Co pl 13,ECF No. 1. W it
he gitae o l t dma voi os c i
m .
t
co pl nst ta t he r po td t co ru t W a de W oods a lA Po on, he di not
m ai ha fer e re he ve - p o r n
on nd t
nt t y d

o d ra n w itm a ivetg to . He as alg s ta M ao Ruselsw W i ' ij re o
r e e n e l n siain
lo le e h t j r s l a
t s nu is n
l
Se embe 24, di note tr t ther ceve i e aem e ca te t nt
pt
r but d
nsle ha
e i d mm dit di l r a me .

Fial,W ita s rst tM s W af r tig r d t e e nst a c u e l s ij re o
n ly t se t ha . to d rg ee h ve t h t a s d l nu is n
i
!

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pt
r
5.
s le y r tng nma e r fk n he i wak, tt

icu e i he j b d srp in,a d d d n t h v s c dt o fc r e c rig h r a 'o iy
n ld d n r o e cito n i o a e e u y f e s so t e , s p lc
n
r quie
e r d.

3

Fi ly, W it al ge ge r l t t t s r ior ofk il s ul s m e
nal
t le s ne aly ha he upe v s y t a s ho d o how ha
ve
pr eced hi f o Sg .Re a s a tons He r po t t the ha pe ma ntnum bne si li
ot t
m ' m t dm n' c i .
r
e rs ha
s r ne
s n ls
l tha a i t t son li rghtf t tdoc or a Aug t ha alege y i ntfed ast
ef nd nd n he oe
ls i oot ha
t s t usa ve l dl de ii
he
r s tofne veda a
e ul
r
m ge.

Li rly c t i W itsj1983 c ant he alge t f lwi camsfrrle
beal onsnzng t'
ompli , le s he olo ng li o eif

a an ttes cuiyd fn a t: ( )M s W af r a tdo tieh r o d srpi no S p e e
g i s h e t' e e d n s3 1 . to d ce usd e j b e ci to n e tmb r
t
24,201 t r by c i o f lng t pr t tW itfom e nt t ti lc e c e a t ual
5, he e ausng r aii o o ec t r
ve s ha ntit d nz l nd mus

plih n o hm;( ) S t Re ma u e e c sie f re a ans W itta d y ( )M ao
ns me t n i 2N g d n s d x e sv o c g i t t h t a ; 3 j r
Rus el a hw esi t r Loke c pied t f liy and/ wihho d i or ton a ut W its
s l nd
tga o
y ons r o a sf
or t l nf ma i bo
t'

ij re 9o t esaema itae a d( )W ad n W o d o a dRA Po tn c n p rd t u h l
nu is m h tt g srt; n 4 r e o s n n
n o o s ie o p o d
t r s tofI si t Lo y' i om plt i tgai n oft Se e be 24 i i nt a di
he e ul nve tga or ke s nc
e e nvesi to
he ptm r nc de , nd d

n t r e an w iv siain.The ed fn a t h v fldap rilmo int ds s a t t e e
o o d r e n e tg to
s ee b ns a e ie a t
a to o imis s o h s
c am s W itha r ponde t t tm o i wih a c mt r f vi a a tc e bis mnki
l i . t s es
d o ha ton t ot e a sda t nd ta hed xhi t ,
ng
t m oton rpef diposton.
he i i or s ii
II. D i
scussi
on

A. ThçM otont DimisSt nda dofRe e
i o s s a r
viw

A dsrc c u ts o l d s s a c mplitu e Ru e 1 ( )6 i,a c pi g a1wel
itit o r h ud imis o an nd r l 2 b ( ) f c e tn 1 lplade al ga i i t c
e d le tons n he ompl i astue a dr wi alr s bl f c a i e e esi t
ant r nd a ng 1 ea ona e a m l nf r nc n he
pli i s f vor t co ai doesno a lge ûe
antY a , he mpl nt
t le Gnough f c s t sae a cli t r le t t i
a t o tt
am o e if ha s

plusbl o isfce' BelAt.Cor v.Twombl 550U. 5 570 (
a i e n t a .' l l p.
y,
S. 44,
2007) (I pli ifs
. CA) antf
oblga i t pr vi t gr mds of hi e ilm e t r le r quie m o e t n lbel a
i ton o o de he ot
s ntte nt o e if e r s r ha a s nd

3 W its c ai doesnotnumbe s ve a ofhi cl ms. Acc di y,t co thasasi ed isown
t' ompl nt
r e rl
s ai
or ngl he ur
s>
t
nlmberng t plc a1 cl ms a oxi tl i c onol c l o de . W its cams a i t oher defnda s
l i o a e l ai ppr maey n k
ogia r r
t' li gans t
e nt

rg r ig hsme ia c r ae n tlse h r. Moinsfrs mmayj dg n r g r ig s h camswi b
e adn i dc l ae r o itd ee
to o u r u me t e adn uc li
l e
l
a es e i as pa aem e r ndl opi on a or r.
ddr s d n e r t mo a dm ni nd de

4

co l i ,a a f
ncusons nd onnul i r iai oft e e e t ofa c us ofa ton wilno do. I a
ac ect ton he l m n s
a e
ci
l t ' d. t
'
555.4 M oreover,a cour ne d notta e t lgalco l i dr wn fom t f c s' G c pt
t e
icc pt he e
ncusons a r he a t 'or l ce
a
astueunwa r nt d i e e es unr s bl c l i , a gu e s' E.Shor M . .I v.
r
ra e nf r nc , ea ona e oncusons or r m nt .
'
e l nc.
ds.

JD. s c . d. s i , 3F.d1 5 1 0(t Ci. 0 0 .
. Aso s Lt P'h p 21 3 7 , 8 4 h r 2 0 )
Tosaeacam t rj 1 apli ifmus aleg Ehevi ai ofarg sc e by
tt li mde 983, antf t l e i olton
t
iht e ur d
t Consiu i a lws o t Unied St t ,a mus s
he
tt ton nd a
f he t
aes nd
t how t tt al d de i ton w a
ha he lege prvai
s

c mmitdb apes n a tn u d rc lro saelm ' W e t At is 4 7U. 4 , 8 ( 9 8 .
o t y ro cig n e o o f tt a ' s v. kn , 8 S. 2 4 1 8 )
e
Notbl a pl i ifmus s ce l a l e a de e ntspe s la toromi son la ng t a
a y, antf
t uo inty leg
f nda ' r ona c
s i e di o

d p iain o a fd rlrg t Vi dg v.Gi b ,5 0 F.d 9 6 9 8 ( t Ci.1 7 ) ( e
e rv to f e e a ih . r e
me
b s 5 2 2 , 2 4h r 9 7 G
Th
d tieo r s nd a s p ro h sn a p iain'n j1 8 a to )
ocrn f epo e t u ei r a o p lc to 'i 9 3 cin .
B .I ta M a tr
nii l te s

St e ofiil,i t rofki c pa te ,c
at fcas n hei t al a ciis nnnotbe s d unde j198 fr moneay
ue
r
3 o
tr
d
nmage . Se W ilv.M i h. De to S aePoie 4 U. .5 ( 9 9 . Th s t e c u twi
s
e l ' c
p' f tt lc , 91 S 8 1 8 ) u , h o r l
l
g an t m o i t dim is a t a1s h c am s W ithasalo s d t e de e nt i t i
r t he ton o s s s o 1 uc l i . t
s ue hes f nda s n her
i vi c pa ii ,
ndi dual a ctes howe r
ve .
The c twila s gr ntt m oto t dimi s a t a c am t tt e def nda s
our l lo a he
i n o s s s o ny l i ha hes
e nt
de e W it a opra e me c l te t nt on Se e be 24, 2015. As s c iy a
nid
t ppr it
di a r a me
ptm r
e urt nd

a miitai ofcas he e d fnd n swee e t ld t rl o t me ia j g n a d
d n srt fiil,t s ee a t r ni e o ey n he d c l ud me t n
ve
t
e pe t eo t n rewh a s se W itsij de o Se tmb r2 ,2 5 a d d cd d t th
x ri f he u s o se s d t' n u s n pe e 4 01 , n e ie ha e
s
di no r uie i
d t eq r mmedit te t nt See Shn v.Smih,71 F. 1 167 ( h Ci.995
ae r ame .
kka
t
3d 62,
4t r1 )

(ii M it r Be m, 9 F.d8 8 8 4(t Ci. 9 0)
ctng li v. o 8 6 2 4 , 5 4h r 1 9 ).
e

4 n e co thas omit i er quotton mar , ale ai ,a ciato he e a t oughout t s
ur
ted nt nal
ai
ks tr tons nd t ins r nd hr
hi
opi on, es ot m ienot
ni unl s he s ed.

5

M o e r t c tmus dim is W its c am s ofpolc vi a i . Stt ofi i l '
r ove , he our
t s s
t' l i
i y oltons
ae lc a s
f itr t f l sae prs polc e orpr dur s do notn ot t c tt tona vi ato ,
a lle o olow t t ion ii s
oce e
m mt o onsiui l ol i ns

a t rf r ,s hacinsaoneaeno a tona et rj1 3.SeeUnie Sttsv. ees
nd,hee o e uc to l r t ci bl mde 98
td ae Cac r ,

4 0U.. 41 7 2- 5( 9 8 ; c i v. y o Fara ,9 7F.d 1 9 1 6 (t Ci.1 9 )(:
4 S 7 , 5 5 1 7 ) Rico Ct . f ifx 0 2 45 , 4 9 4h r 9 0 Gf
I
sa e 1w g a t mor pr dm a rght t n t Consi to woul o he ie r uge,a sae'
tt a r n s
e oce l i s ha he
tm in
d t m s eq
tt s

f ilet a i eb t tlw i no af d rld ep o e sis e'. Th ,W it sn a to a l
alr o b d y ha a s t e ea u r c s su .) us t ha o cin be
t
'
j1 8 cam a ans M s af r f rviltng p lc b sa dn o t e sd wak wih u
9 3 li g i t .W to d o o ai oiy y tn ig n h i e l t o t
s cmiy ofk e s Si l ry,Gi t s ha no c tmto le ilm e ordue pr es i e e t
e t t r . mia l tnma e ve
onsi i na ntte nt
oc s nt r s

i a c s t ag iv n ep oc d . Bo ke v.SC. p' o Co . 8 5F.d 5 3 5 (t Ci.
n c e s o re a c r e me' o r ' . De t f n. 5 3 3 , 41 4h r
'
,
20 7 .Ass c a imaec n o b i aj1 8 cam ta o fcasia e u tl i v si ae a
1)
u h, n n t a n t rng
9 3 li h t fiil n d q aey n e tg t d
g i va orga i c a e r s est a gre nc or a a
re nce
ve na cur t e pons o
iva e
n ppea . The c twilgr n t
l
our l a t he
de e nt 'moton t dimi s a t a c am t t y di no c
f nda s
i o s s s o ny l i hat he d t ompl wih a pr son ofa
y t
ovii
prs n po iy ort gre nc pr e es
i o lc
he iva e oc dur .
C. Supe v s s'Du y t Pr e t
r ior
t o ot c
The Ei h Am e e g r nt e prs r fe dom fom c u l a t ua
ght
ndm nt ua a e s ione s r e
r
r e nd mus l

pt s nt U. Co t a nd.VII j3. Unde t s prncpl,prs ofki s ha a
mihme . S. ns. me
I,
r hi i i e ion t al ve n

E bl a l n t tk ra o a eme s r st g rn e i maes ft , i ld n ad t t p oe t
l i ti q o a e e s n bl a u e o uaa te n t aey' ncu i g uy o r tc
o g o
'
t e fo h z r o sst ains Ma e s v.Fils 78 F.d 1 6 1 2 (t Ci.2 5 . To
h m r m a ad u iu to . kd si
ed , 9 3 2 , 3 4 h r 01 )
s ce d t ra j1 3 cam t tpds n ofki sf ie t prt ta i t 9o hn m (
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9

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ENTER:Th s r m da ofsept mber 2 8
i r
, 01 .
Se o U nie St t s Di t i tJ
ni r t d a e s rc udge