Canady v. Hodges et al

Filing 86

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 03/16/2020. (Opinion mailed to Pro Se Party via US Mail)(aab)

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CASE NO .7:
17CV00464

Pl nt f ,
ai i f
V.

G M O R AN D U M O PI O N
M

M.
HODGES, K ,
c

By: Gln E.Conr
e
ad
Se or Uni e St esD i t i tJudge
ni
t d at
src

D ef
endant
s.

M a l Ca dy, a Vigi a i t pr e ng pr K , fl t s cvi rg s a to
ron na
r ni nma e oc edi
o
ied hi i l iht c in
.

purua t 42 U. C.j1
s nt o
S.
983. Ca dy al est tprs ofii s us e si f c a
na leg ha ion fcal ed xce sve ore nd
a t d wih de i r t i fe e et hi s rousm e ca ne ,i vi ai ofhi c tmtonal
c e t lbe a e ndif r nc o s e i
di l eds n ol ton
s onsi i

rght . Afe r viw oft r cor t c tc ncude t tt de e nt 'm o i f sl a y
i s tr e e
he e d, he oui o l s ha he f nda s tons or lmm r

j d me t tb g a tdi pat n d n e i p r.
u g n mus e rn e n r a d e id n a t
1 BA CK GRO U ND .
.

I 2 5 Ca d wa ic r eae a Ke nM omti Cor cin l n e (: CC' .On
n 01 , na y s n a c rtd t e t an re to a Ce tr $
KM '
)

Jme25 2 5 I maeAme atc d Ca a y wi ah a y o j c i as c l Ca a y b o ke
t
, 01 , n t
s ta ke n d t e v b e t n o k. n d l c d
h
t wea wih a tas ca f ug Am es a wr sl d hi t t foor Fl ofi e Bosi
he
pon t r h n, o ht
, nd e te m o he l . oor fc r tc

s a e Olo e i Ca il ($ ' pe p rg si t e f c so b t i mae . Th OC g s
pry d e rsn pscl $ ) p e a n h a e f oh n t sz e
m OC'
a
blr i hi e s a bl rng hi vii c us d Ca
lnng s ye nd uri
s son a e
nady t clm b o fAmesa ge o t foor
o i
f
nd t n he l .

Ne rhe e s wiho fr tgi ng a wa nng s torho n,Ofi rHodges i t c tolb00t
ve t l s , t ut s vi
r i ho
r
fce
n he on r
h
s Ca dy i t ba ofhi rghtt gh wih a c s e ofO C ga . W hie Ca dy was a r a
hot na n he ck
s i hi
t
anit r
s
l na
l e dy

1 Thes
nmmmy ofCanad salegai ,9om hi compli a hi deca ainsi s ppor ofhi r po e
y' l tons
s
ant nd s lr to n u t s es ns

t ted fn a t' u r u g n moinsECFNo . ,7 -, n 7 -,ssae h r i telg t s fv rbl
o h ee d ns s mmayj d me t to ,
s 1 22 a d 4 1 i ttd ee n h ih mot a oa e
t hi asr quieda t ssageoft ltgaton,a doesnotco tt eanyfndi offct
o m
e r t hi t
he ii i nd
nsim
i ng a .

2 OC s a i ac ca a ntsmia t wha i commonl l
pr y s hemi l ge i lr o t s
yl
nown a pe rs a ormac a H iaesa
s ppe pfy
e nd tt

pesns e e,tr a,a n s . S e ea,Pak v S ilt 2 0 F.d 8 3 8 9 (t Ci.20 )( eci n te
ro ' y s ho t nd o e e , .. r . hfe 5 3 4 , 4 4h r 01 d srbig h
p ysoo ia efcso OC s a )
h ilgcl fet f pry .

on t foor Bosi s a OC gas on Ca d s f e e ,c s,a n a s c tm e.
he l , tc pr yed
na y' ac , yes he t nd nns e ond i
Ca dy pu hi rg a m up t pr t c li e s fom t s ay,whe he he r a dog ba k,a
na
t s i ht r
o o e t ls ye r he pr
n
ad
r nd
Bosi bac d a
tc ke way. W iho a ve ba wa n ngs Se ge ntBa be t t n e ge hi a tc
t ut ny r l r i , r a
r to he nga d s ta k

dog,Blt ,on Ca y t c s i f t i t s t ge t t foor whe Ca dy wa
iz
nad wie, houtng or he nma e o t o he l ,
n na
s
ar dy t r Ca dy s f r d dog bie t hi rghtf en m a hi rghtli Bosi s a
lea he e. na uf e e
ts o s i or r nd s i lp.
tc pr yed
Ca dy wih OC gasat r tm e, ll hewa l ngf edown.
na
t
hid i wlie
s yi ac
Am e wasf md gu ly ofs ve a prs d s plna y i r c i asar ul ofli aci ns
s
ot
it
e r l ion ici i r nfa tons
es t ls to
a was l tr ta f re t a hi r s c iy f c lt Ca dy wa no c r d wih a
nd
ae r ns e r d o
ghe e urt a iiy.
na
s t ha ge
t
dicplna y i r to f sghtng,bec us s velmwe c m e a f agepr d t tç di not
s i i r nfaci n or
i
a e ur il
n r oot
ove ha ç d
he

i ta et fg ,a onl a t d t pr ec hi e f' Co pl 1 ,ECF No.1
nii t he i ht nd y c e o ot t ms l. m . 1
'
.
Afe t i i n ,o fc r e c td Ca dy a Amest s gr ga i wih a t rofi e
tr he nc de t fi e s s ore na nd
o e e ton t no he fc r

fl i t pr s wih a c m c r r The t n pl c d Ca y i a l ke s
m ng he oce s t
a o de .
y he a e
nad n oc d howe wih hi
r t s

ha c fdbelndhi ba k.Bosi dea dtki of ùeha ufsf fvet tnmi esa
nds ufe li s c
tc lye a ng ft ndc f or
o e nut nd

ma as h ved ly d c lng te me ia u i f re auain o Ca d ' ij re . Afe t e
y lo a ea e al h dc l nt o v l to f na y s n u is tr h
i
ofi e sr m ove hi c f , na soodt rt s
fc r e
d s ufs Ca dy t
mde he howe waerf mor t n a hour
r t or e ha n
.
W he Aci M edialAdmi sr t rE.W hied r pore t t s
n tng
c
nita o
t e td o he howera eam or t n ml
r
e ha
hou afe t i de ,Ca dy t d li t tt OC gaswa silbtr ng li sdn. W hied t d
r tr he nci nt na ol lm ha he
s tl lni ls l
t ol

hm çh r wa n t i me ia c ul b d n f rd gbi s a dt ( g swo l e e mal
i i ee s ohng dc l o d e o e o o t , n he OC) a u d v n ly
t
e

we ro f' Ca a y De l ! 1 ,ECF No. 2 2 W htdp o d d n me ia te t n , a ta f ' n d c. 9
7 - . ie r vie o d c l ràme t no ni
bi i oi m e f i ec i n,no m e c ton f pai no t t nuss , nd no s uton t w as of
otc nt nt or nf to
di a i or n, e a
hot a
ol i o
h f

t c m i l fo t OC s a He was onl c er d wih ha ng Ca dy sgn a $5.
he he cas r m he
pr y.
y onc ne t vi
na i
00
c y f m f af ur docorsvii. Cana r eved att nuss tt ne da
opa or or ut e t ' st
dy ec i
ea
ho he xt y.

Ca d fldhi j1 8 c mpliti Oco e 2 7 s i gHo g s Bo tc Bmbet,a d
na y ie s 9 3 o an n tb r 01 , u n d e , si,
to n
W h td.Ca a y alg st ef l iig camsf rrle : 1 o J n 2 , 01 , ee d n Ho g s
ie
n d le e h ol vn li o eif () n u e 5 2 5 d fn a t d e
o
us d e s i f ce a i t Cal by frng a OC c nit r a hi whe Hodge kne t
e xce sve or ga ns pdy
ii n
a se t m
n
s w he

fg tn h d so p d;()Bo tcu e e c sie fr ea an tCa a y b s ryng hm wi OC
ih ig a t p e 2 si s d x e sv oc g i s n d y p a i i t
h
s r y mutpe tme a trt fg t h d ara y so pe ( )Bab to u e e c si f r e
p a l l i s fe he hi a le d t p d: 3 r et s d x e sve o c
i
ng
a ns Cana by e
gai t
dy
ngagi li c hi t tm e a trCa dy wa ar dy l ng on t foo as
ng ls a ne wo i s fe na
s lea yi
he l r

o d r d a ( )W htda tdwihd lb rt id fe e c t Ca a y' s ro sme ia n e sb
r ee ; nd 4 i ce t eie ae n ifr n e o n d s ei u dc l e d y
e
pr di no p e ca team e toq t da of t i de . As r le ,Ca dy s e m o t r
ovi ng
di l r t n
he y
he nci nt
e if na e ks nea y
dn a s
m ge .

Dee d n sBo tc Ho g s a d Bab to h ve fld a mo in f rsl r j d n t
fn a t si, d e , n r et a e
to o l
mmay u g wn ,
s
uppo td wih a fda t a ot e de e,i l ng s v la e c m e a f t ge,i s
re t fi vis nd her vi nc ncudi ur eil nc a r oo a n uppor
t

of t i a gl e s t t t y us d onl t a ot of f c ne es a y t r sor or n3
her r lm nt ha he
e
y he m mt
or e c s r o e t e de

Dee d n W htd ha fld a sp r t mo in frsln r j dg n ,s p re b asd vis
fn a t ie s ie e a ae to o l ma y u me t u po td y f a t
n
a m e c lr c ds Ca dy ha r ponde t t m o i ,ma ng t m rpef diposto
nd di a e or . na
s is
d o he tons ki he i or s ii n.
I . DI
I SCU SSI .
ON

A. Exha ton ofAdm i sr tveRe
usi
nita i
medis
e
A prs r c nnot brng a c vi a ton c e n' prs n c to untl he ha Gr t
ione n
i
i l c i onc r l
ng io ondii ns i
s s
e use a ia e a nita i r medi a t prs n whe e he i c
xha t d va lbl dmi sr tve e
es t he i o
r
s onsne 42 U . C.
d.
S.

j1 9 e a. To c mpy wih j 1 9 ea,a i mae mu tf lo e c se o t e tbls e
9 7 ()
o l t 9 7 () n n t s o lw a h tp f he sa ih d
gr e nc pr ed le t t t f c lt pr de t pz s r a m e t a 1 de i wihi t
i va e oc tr ha he a iiy ovi s o i one s nd e 1 adlnes t n hat

3 Th c u t rvo syga tdted fn a t' to st ds s Ca d sj1 8 camsa t -ard
e o r pe iu l rn e h ee d ns moin o imis na y' 9 3 li s i b re .
me
Ca a yv Ho a s No. :7CV0 4 4 201 WL 31 6 9 ( D. .u e2 2 8 .Ca a ya pe ld 'h c u t
n d . d e , 71
06, 8
4 7 2 W. Va J n 7, 01 ) n d p ae . I e o r
'
o a p aspa e hsa p a i a y n e pe dng i d cso i Bat v Le fr ,91 F.d 7 8 71 (t Ci.
f p e l lc d i p e l n be a c , n i t e iin n tl . do d 2 3 0 , 8 4h r
s
e
20 9 (p yng fd rle ui bl t lng p icpls t a c t fr tme ls d rn imaes e h usin o
1 ) a pli e ea q t e ol rn i e o c omt o i ot u ig n t' x a to f
a
i
a miitaierme isa ma d tdu d r4 U. C.j 197 (). Un e t rl g i Bat ,h pat sfld a
d nsrtv e de s n ae n e 2 S. 9 ea) d r he ui n tl te ri ie
n
e
e
j n moin frs nmay rv ra o te c u tsds sa o Ca a y' camsa tmeb re ,te moin wa
oit t o u z r e esl f h o r' imis l f n d s li s i -ard h to s
o
g a e a t c ewa r ma df rf t rpr ee ngs
ntd, nd he as s e nde o urhe oc di .

3

p o e ur. Se W o d o d v Na ,5 U. 8 ,9 - 4( 0 ) A d fnd n b a st eb r e o
r c d e e o f r . o 48 S. 1 0 9 20 6 . ee a t b r h u d n f
pr ng t a fnnai de e e t t t pl i if f l t e us a ia e admi sr tve
ovi he fi tve f ns ha he antf aied o xha t va lbl
nitai

rme isr g r i h scamsb f r fln s t J n sv Bo k 5 9U. 1 9 21 ( 0 7 .
e de e adng i li eo e iig ui. o e . c , 4 S. 9 , 6 2 0 )
W hied c e t tbe o e flng t s lws t Ca dy f ie t e us admi sr tve
t ontnds ha f r ii hi a ui, na a ld o xha t
nitai
r m e esr r ng hi c am sa i tW hie I s
e di ega di
s l i ga ns
t d. n uppo to t saY r ai de e e ho e r
r f hi
m tve f ns , w ve ,
W hie ofe snot ng mor t n t c esofgre nc a a al t tCa dy hi el ha
td fr
hi
e ha he opi
iva es nd ppe s ha na
ms f s

s bm itd i s
u te n uppor ofhi c am s W hie f is t pr s n a a fr a i e de e of t
t
s li .
t d a l o e e t ny fim tve vi nc
he
g iva e pr dur s Ca dy wasr quied t f l w ors
re nc oce e
na
e r o olo
howi t tCa y di notfl a
ng ha nad d
ie ny
ot a i sr tve r m e esa a al a
her dm nita i e di nd ppe s bouthi medialc r Acc di y,t c tc nno
s
c a e.
or ngl he our n t

g a tW htd' moinf rds s a o Ca a y' camsa an t m u d rj 1 9 ea .
rn ie s to o imis l f n d s li g is hi n e 9 7 ()
B. The Summ a y J
r udgme St nda d.
nt a r

Thesa d r f rrv e o amo in f rsl r j g n i wels tld Thec u t
'tn ad o e iw n
to o l
mmay ud me t s l-et .
e
or
s o l g a ts mmayj g n o l whe t p e dng , e p n e t d s o e y a dt r c r
h ud r n u r ud me t n y n he la i s rs o s s o ic v r , n he e o d
r vea t tEhe e i no ge ne diput a t a y m ae lf c a t mova i e il d t a
e l ha ' r s
t
nui
s e so n
t da a t nd he
nt s ntte o

j g n a amatro lw. Fe R. v. 5 () se eg,Ceb e Co . Cart 47 U.
ud me t s te f a ' d. Ci P. 6 a; e , .. ltx m v. tet 7 S.
'
31 ,3 2 2 (*8 ) An e s n v Lie t Lo b .I . 4 t U. 2 2,25 ( 98 ) A g n i
7 2 - 3 1 6 ; d ro . b ry b y nc, 7 S. 4
9
0 1 6 . e une

d s u eo fc e ssçftee i e c i s c t a ara o a l j r c u drtun av r itf rt e
ip t f a t xit l h v d n e s u h h t e s n b e u y o l é t' e dc o h
i
n n vigp ry' An ro 4 7U. a 2 .I c nsd rn amoinf rs mma yj d me t
o mo n a t. des n, 7 S. t 48 n o i eig
'
to o u r u g n,
t c t us vi t f t a t r as bl i e e est bedr wn fom t f t i t lght
he our m t ew he acs nd he e ona e nf r nc o
a ' he ac s n he i
r

m os f vor bl t t pa t o i t m oton. L- a 255. To be s c s u on a m o i f
t a a e o he ry pposng he i da t
uc es f l
ton or

s mmayj d me t amo i p ry ç s s o t tt r i a a s n e o e ie et s p r
u r u g n , vng a t ç t h w ha hee s n b e c f vd nc o u po t
mu
t no ni ng pa t sc e'ort tçhe e de e i s one sde t tone pa t mus pr i as
he n- ovi
ry' as ' ha ç vi nc s o - i d ha
t
ry
t eva l

a m a trofl w. Le na o sout El
te
a ' xi t n- h khom W a e Dit v.Ciy of W imor Ky. 93 F. 230,
'
tr s.
t
l e. .
3d

2 3( t Ci.1 9 )
3 6h r 9 6 .

W h n amo in f rs mma yj d me ti ma ea d i p o e l s p re b asd vt,
e
to o u r u g n s d n s r p ry u po td y f a is
t nonmovi pa t m a notr s on t m e ealegai nsorde al oft pl di .Ande s
he
ng ry y
e t he r l to
ni s he ea ngs
r on,

à 7 U. a 25 (iig Fe . Ci P.5 (). I se d t n n vng p ry mus r s nd b
7 S. t 6 ctn d R. v. 6 e) n ta , he o mo i a t
t epo y
.

atd viso o h m ie a d prs n s cfc fcsfo whih aj r c u d ra o by fn f r
fi a t r t e s n e e t pe ii a t r m c u y o l e s na l id o
et r sde I a 25 57. W he e t pli ifs ve son ofe t i s ute l dic edt by
ihe i . d. t 6r he antf
ri
ven s s o try s r ied

u c alng d vd o f oa e t a no r a o a l j r c ud b le hm,sl r j d me ti
n h l e ie o tg h t e s n be u y o l eive i l
e
mma y u g n s
a p o dae S e S otv. ri,5 0U. 3 2,3 038 ( 0 7 CTheCo r o Ap ass o l
p r p t. e c t Hars 5 S. 7 8 - 1 2 0 )
u t f pe l h ud
notha r le o s h vii e fc i i s ul ha viwe t f c si t lghtde c e by t
ve e id n uc sbl i ton; t ho d ve e d he a t n he i
pit d he

vd oa e' a c r 1 o v.Sle e 5 5 F.d 2 ,2 0 (t Ci.2 0 )( E q r,a h r ,t
ie tp . c o d k
);
l v , 3 3 25 3 4h r 0 8 sW hee s e e he
t
ç
r cor c ans a t ha lnge vi t pe c pt i t e nt i que to we mus onl c e t
e d ont i n mc le d deo a a urng he ve s n si n,
t y r di

t panifsv rinö t efcst tee tn i i no c nr dce b t vie tp .)
he litf eso f h a t o h xe t t s t o ta itd y he d oa e'.
'
C. TheExc s i Fo c Cl i s
e sve r e am .
The def nt o f r t f l ng e de e i s
enda s f e he olowi vi nc n uppor of t i m oton f s
t her
i or umm my

j d me ttr ug a d vt a dc meaf oa e
u g n h o h o a is n a r o tg .On J ne2 , 01 , ta p o maey8: am.
u 5 2 5 a p r xi tl 51 . ,
Bosi s w Am e a Ca dy be n t sght Her di f ra ssa e a i t c e a li a e
tc a
s nd na
gi o
.
a oed o s it nc nd nsnz t d l nm t s
t 1eon t g ot
oi
he r md. Afe a a bl wn n ngha is d i t pod,Hodge i t c r b00t
tr n udi e r i
d s ue n he
s n he ontol h
fr d a40 mm sngl i c r t ofOC ga t tsnzk Ca on t rg t gh. Att tpoi ,
ie
i e mpa t o md
s ha t c
ndy he i ht hi
ha nt
Ca dy w as on t p of A m es a t y bo h c tnue t fg . Bos i a oac d t m on f
na
o
, nd he t on i d o ht
tc ppr he he
oot
a or ' d t m t j op fgh i . W he t y f ie t do s Bosi a ilse e a o haft
nd de e he o t i tng
r
n he a ld o
o, tc dm rit r d ne l o

o s ond burt of OC s a t t i aes ge r lf i a ea . The c i d t fght
ne ec
s
pr y o he nm t ' ne a acal r s
y ontnue o i .

Bosi a i se e a s c
tc dm nitr d e ond b s of OC s ay t wa d t i aes f ce ,butt r sr ggl s
urt
pr o r he nm t ' a s
hei tu e
c i d.
ontnue

Att spoi ,Ba be t a ved wih hi ca ne,Blt and ga t e veba wn nngsf
hi nt r to ni
t s ni
iz,
ve hr e r l r i or
Ame a Ca y t so fghtng. The ke sg i
s nd nad o t p i i
y pt htng. Acc di t Ba be t Ca dy
or ng o r to, na
a tmptd t lik Am e ,a a he di s Blt e ge o Ca dy' rghtli Ba be t t d
te e o cc
s nd s
d o, iz nga d n na s i lp. r to ol

Ca y t so r ssi I t a Ca y s u li l f ar a Blt r l a e Ca dy' li
nad o t p e itng. nse d, nad w ng ls e t m, nd iz e e s d na s zp
a e ge li l ta m. Vi o f ag r fe t t tBlt wase ge o Ca dy f onl fve
nd nga d ls ef r
de oot e e l c s ha iz
nga d n na or y i

t sx s o be or Ba be t d s nga t dog. Ba be t sa e t t i VDOC f clte ,
o i ec nds f e r to i e ged he
r to t t s ha n
a iiis
ofi r us c ni s whe a opra e t hep r duc as a t on saf and i ae by hepi
fce s e a ne
n ppr it o l e e s uls
t f
nm t s
l ng
s urt ofi e st r sr i dinl i i t sa ot r s co r i ae be vi . He sa e
ec iy fc r o e tan s ptve nma e nd he wie ntol nm t ha or
tts
t tofk e sç no alow K- t a s ul ofende s' M e .Su M ot Sum m .J Bar to Af.
ha t r ç
do t l
9s o s a t f r .
' m
pp. .
. be t f

!5 ECFNo 6 - .
,
. 32
Afe t ale c to e d,o fc r r tane bo h i a e a es red t m t t
tr he t r ai n nde fi e s esr i d t nm t s nd co t he o he

s c a housnguni.Ata o ma ey 9: a. . W hie r pore t t uni a e l t bo h
pe i l
i
t
ppr xi t l 55 m , t d e td o he t nd vauaed i

imae . Ac o dng t t e a cd n rp r,W htd noe n ij re fo t d g bt t
n ts
c r i o h c i e t e o t ie td o n u is r m he o i o
e
Ca dy' l f n m a o y a s l lce a i fom t dog bie t hi rg t g wih a ç c nt
na s e t r nd nl ma l a r ton r he
t o s i ht hi h t s a
s
n ot ofbl ' M ic l Af.Enc .C,ECF N o.63m mt
ood. t hel f
'
l
3.

Tosaeacam t e j 1 8 , plitf mus alg dh v oain o arg ts cle b
tt li md r 9 3 a anif t le e ç e i lto f ih e t d y
t
r
t Consiu i n a lWsoft Unied Stt s a mus s
he
tt to nd a
he t
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t how t tt a l d de i to was
ha he lege prvai n

c
ommitd byapes n a tngt rc orofsaelm ' W es v.At ns 487U. 42,48( 988)
te
r o ci mde ol
tt a ' t ki ,
S.
1 .
l i w el e t bls d t t onl ç he unne es a y a w a on i l c i n of pa n .. .c ttzes
ts
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y ç
t
c s r nd nt nfi t o
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ons it
t

c eland unus lpt s e f r dde by t Ei h Am e
nz
ua mihm nt o bi n
he ght
ndme .'Huds v.M cM ila 503
nt'
on
li n,

U. 1 5( 9 2 . Ont éo h rha d n te e ymae o e tt u hb ap io g a da t st a
S. , 1 9 )
h t e n , o v r lv ln o c y rs n u r momt o

de i to ofc tm tona rght . I a 9. W he eofi r a y f cei a good f ih e f r t
prvai n
onsi i l i s d. t
r fce s ppl or n
a t fo t o
r sor o dera dici i , he e i no e es i f c 1 a 6et e r
nd s plne t r s
xc sve or e. d. t 7.

I t e e c s ie f re c n e t t e c u tmu ti q ie wh t e o f as s b e tv l,
n h x e sv o c o tx , h o r s n ur eh r fkil, u jciey
a id f c çn a good f ih e f t t mai ai or r sor dicplne or m ai i l a
pple or e ç
i
at for o
nt n
et e s i i
lcousy nd
s ditc ly f r t ve y pur e o c usng hn m' a whe he çhe al ged wr
a si a l o he r
pos f a i
r ' nd
t r ç le
t
ongdoi wa
ng s

o j ci eyhamfz e o ht e tbih ac nsi to a vo ain. 1 . t6 8(mph ssa d d .
be tv l r t n ug o sa ls o tt in l ilto ' d a , e a i d e )
l
u
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Th s b e tv i q iy c nsd r : ()t e n e f ra piain o f r e ( )th r lto hi
e u j ci e n ur o ie s 1 h e d o p lc to f o c , 2 ç e eains p
t
b t e t a n e a d t e n u to f re u e ' ( )t e e tn o t e ij r ,()çhet ra
ewe n h t e d n h mo n f o c s d, 3 h x e t f h n u y 4 ç h e t
'
t
ra o q y p rev d b te r s o sb e ofcas'b s d o t e fcsk wn t t m,a d ( )
e s n bl ec ie y h e p n il fiil' a e n h a t no o he n 5

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' y fo t d o e r h e e i f o c Rl e p n e' - t . r ve he be tv
a
y
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c
ompone o li e es i f r eèli ,Ca y mus s ' t tt co r c i ofk e s a tons
nt f ls xc sve o c am
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weemo eta aC e mii su e )o p y ia f re, 1 .a 1 . l s r,i c n ie a
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d '
l
,
'

.

e e svef r e cam,t e S o ej d ca iq iy gs ... h naur o t e f re s e iial ,
xc s i oc li h t r u iil n ur i) t e t e f h o c p cfc ly
c
whehe i wa nonti a a wasa i d m a ii l and s ditc l t ca e ha ' W iki
t rt s
rvil nd
pple
lc ousy
a sialy o us nn.
' l ns

v. d y 5 9U. 3 3 ( 0 .
Ga d , 5 S. 4, 9 201 )
Ca dy a lge ' tt de e a s us s off r e agans hi a1 occ r d whe he a
na le s t he f nd nt ' e
ha
oc
i t m 1 ure
n
nd

Ameshad ar ady soppe sg i a hewa o t fo a o de e Hi alegai nst sa e
le
t d htng, nd
s n he l or s r r d. s l to hus tt
a ca m t tt of e sus d mor t n ti a f r e t c ehn r t rt n t r sor or r
li ha he sc r e
e ha rvil o c o aus rm a he ha o e t e de .
The de enda s t tm o de crbe a ongoi fghtt tco i
f nt' esi ny s i s n
ng i ha ntnued des t t r good f ih
pie hei
at
e f rst so i,fr twih ve ba or r ,t n usng t OC m unii r
f o t o t p t is t r l de s he i he
ton ound,t n t btr t of
he he ls s
,

'

OC g ,a fna l t c ni ,whi h c nvi d t i t s t s par t and co pl wih
as nd i ly, he a ne
c o nce he nma e o e a e
m y t
or r . Thes c r si ve sonsofe nt woul or na y pr s ntge nei s ofma e i
de s
e onta tng r i
ve s
d di dl e e
nui s ues
t ral

f c m t t ee e sv f r ecamsta wo l p e l d s mmayj d me t n r q ieatil
a t s o h xc si e o c li h t ud rcu e u r u g n a d e ur ra.

I t s ca e, howe r t de e nt a gue t t s ve la e ca e a f a of t
n hi s
ve , he f nda s r
ha ur ilnc m r oot ge
he
i de cea l s
nci nt l ry hows t t Ca dy and Ames c i d t fghtt o hou t us off c
ha na
ontnue o i hr ug t he es or e.
Ca dy ha vi wed t vi o f a a doesnotc le isà ur y. The c ta e t t
na
s e
he de oot ge nd
halnge t cc ac
our gr es ha
t vi o f t c e ry de cs t i a e fghtng whe t i c r md srkes Ca dy'
he de oo age l a l pi t he nm t s i i
n he mpa t ot ti
na s

1g a whe Bosi a i t sitburtofOC s a Thevi o t s undl c r dit
e nd n tc jples he s s
pr y.
de hus o y onta cs
Ca dy' a lga i t tt s us j o f r we e m ai i be us t y we e unne es a y t
na s le tons ha he e e f o ce r
lcous ca e he
r
c sr o

r so eo d r a dt c u t a n tce i ti po t n o h sa c u to s mmayj d me t I ,
e tr r e, n he o r c n c r di h s ri f i c o n n u r u g n . ko
o
535 F. a 230. Ac or ngl bas d on t vi f age t c lt co l
3d t
c di y, e
he deo oot , he otr ncudes t t no
ha

ra o a l j r c ul 5ndt a et ro te eus so f re wa e c sie f re i vo ain o
e sn be uy o d
h t i f h s e f o c s x e sv o c n ilto f
he

t e Eihh Ame me t Th rf r ,te c u twilg a ts mmay j g n a t cam ()
h gt
nd n . eeo e h o r l rn u r ud me t s o li 1
a ans Ho g sa d cam ()a an tBo tca t h siiil s o OC s ry a ans Ca a y.
g i t d e n li 2 g is si s o i nta u e f p a g i t n d
The è tc no a e t t Ca dy' ve so oft of e s ot rus off ce i s
our nn t gr e ha na s r i n
he sc r ' he es or s o

ic nsse twih t e vd o f oa et a n ra o a ej r c ud beiv hm. Afe t frt
n o itn t h ie o tg h t o e s n bl u y o l le e i
tr he is
btrtofOC s a t ca r s vi wsoft fg i i a e ar s pa ta l obs tr d by a
ts
pr y, he me a ' e
he htng nm t s e oon rily cle
be h o ofi e s bodi . The vi o i as s fom a dit nce m n ng i di c t t
nc r fc r '
es
de s lo hot r
sa , ki t v ul o
ditnguih whe Bosi a is t s c
si s
n
tc pple he e ond bur tof OC s a or wha t i aes a e doi
s
pr y
t he nm t r
ng

Wàe te d g bts ca a y. Fndn g n i is s o maeilf c l d k u e b t e t
n h o ie n d i i g e une sue f tra a t n ip t ewe n he
p ris a c u t,te c u twild n te d f n a t'moi n f rs mmay j dg n a t t e
a t ' c o n s h o r l e y h e e d n s to o u r u me t s o h
e
rman e o cam ( )a dcam ( )
e id r f li 2 n li 3 .
D . The M edi a Cl m s
c l ai .

W hie r l ng on t a tc d m e c l r co ds öfe s t s a ount of e n s i hi
td, eyi
he ta he
di a e r , f r hi cc
ve t n s
a da t On Jme25,2015 W hie r s
o vi.
t
, t d e ponde t ar q s f m e c la ssa a a rve t
d o e ue t or di a s it nce nd ri d o
fnd Ca
i
nady i t s
n he howe a e
r r a.Acc di t W hie sm e c lnot ,Ca dy r po td t the
or ng o
t d' di a es na e re ha

8

had be n s i t bac oft he a bit by a dog on hi l f a a rg t g W hied
e hot n he k he ad nd ten
s e t nn nd i ht hi h.
t
alo not d t tCa y wasco ani a
s
e ha nad
mpli ng boutt co i
he ntnued efe t o t e
f c s f he xpos et t OC
ur o he

r t a s ry. W htd e n n d Ca a y a fun no sg o ij r t l sh a o h slf
omd nd p a
ie x mie n d nd o d in f nu y o l e d r i et
i
0

.

W hied o e ve t e a e of br n s n on Ca dy' rg t g a one i h
t bs r d hr e r as
oke ki
na s i ht hih-nc

l eai s
ac r ton howi a s l n mt of bl a t s a lr o s t t s
ng
mal mot
ood nd wo m le ne ha howe no a tve
d
ci
bl di He a s s w a s almnountofbl o Cana sboxers t,butdi no fnd a
ee ng.
lo a
m l
ood n
dy'
hors
d t i ny

oh rij re o t eimae W htde o g d Ca a yt c nhmernsngo ft eOC r sd
te nu is n h n t . ie nc ma e n d o o t i i f h
e iue
it s
n he howe . He a s ga Ca dy ti e a i otcoi men t a y t li rghtt g a t
r
lo ve na rpl ntbi i nt t o ppl o ls i hi h, nd he
i aer ceve at t
nm t e i d e mmss t ts m eda
hot ha n
y.
On J 30,201 anot rpr derexn ne Ca dy a doc e e t tt dog bie
une
5, he ovi
mi d na nd um nt d ha he
t

ae wa S aig wel' M e S p 'l . . .A, htdAf. 1 ,ECF No 5 - . The
ra s d l
he n 1.
' m. u p.Sl J Ex W ie f ! 1
mm
. 81
,

'

i tt tona physc a e m i d Ca y on J y 2,2015 a obs ve t tt dog biewot
nsiu i l
ii n xn ne
nad
ul
, nd er d ha he
t
md

wa G c b e u ' J.a !1 Th d co f u dn n e f ra dto a te t n .
s ç a b d p. # t 2. e o t r o n o e d o d iin l r ame t
s
'
An i ae' Ei t Am e e pr e tons a i t c el and t ua punihm e
nm t s gh h
ndm nt ot ci
gans nz
mus l
s nt
i l a rghtt t m e ca c r nec s a y t add es hi s dousm e c ne ds Ese l v.
ncude i o he di l a e e s r o r s s e
di al e . tle

Gn l, 9U. 9 ,1 3 0 ( 9 6 . S e iial apds n o fca ' ' eie aei ifrnc t
mb e 42 S. 7 0 - 4 1 7 ) p cfc l
y,
o f ils s lb r t ndfee e o
d
a i a e s s ro ni c lnee co tmt s c e a t ualpt s nt t rt Ei t
n nm t ' e i us edia
ds nsi e nl l nd mus
mihme mde he gh h

Ame me t' J c s nv Lih sy, 7 F.d 1 0 1 (t Ci. 01 )
nd n ' a k o . c te 7 5 3 7 , 78 4h r 2 4 .
Th frtp r o ti lg lsa d r i o j ci e I rq ie s o n ta t e imae s
e is a t f h s e a tn ad s b e tv . t e u rs h wig h t h n t'
m e c c ton i çs ro dial ondii s çe i us -one t t ha be di gnos d by a physcin a m a tng
ha s en a
e
i a s nda i
te t e o o t ti s obvi t te n a ly pe s n woul ea iy r c z t ne s iy
r am nt r ne ha s o
ous ha ve
a ro
d sl e ogni e he ce st

f a doco ' atnto ' J The s ond,dei r t i fe e e pa tof t sa r i
or
trs te in. Z
'
ec
lbe ae ndifrnc r
he tnda d s

9

s be tve Th p an ifmus s o ta t ed fn a tk e o a dd se ad da e c si ds
u j ci . e litf t h w h t h ee d n n w f n ir g r e n x e sve k
t imaes ft o h at Fame v. ema , 1U. 8 5 8 7( 9 4 .
o n t aey r e lh. r r Brz n 51 S. 2 , 3 1 9 )

W hi dag e ta teij re h o s r e o Ca a y sbo y o J e25 201 , r n t
t r u s h t h nu is e b e v d n n d ' d n un , 5 wee o
e
s sç e l s roust ti ra c tmtona c am . He'ei son li own des rpton oft sze
uf i nty e i o rgge onsi i l l i
r le
ls
ci i
he i
oft dog bie a t a mtofbl he s w. W hie as a s rs t the di no d s e r
he
t s nd he mot
ood
a
t d lo s e t ha
d t ir ga d

te rs o ham t e e ij re p s d b c us he p o d d a tbo i onme ta te ttt
h ik f r h s nu is o e , e a e rvie ni itc it n nd h eams
s , nde our ed c i d s we i
hot a nc ag qntnue ho rng.
I rs
n e pons t W lie s e denc Ca
e o lt d' vi e, nady pr s nt hi de l ai He de e r pori
e e s s car ton.
ni s e tng
t tt OC c nit rsnlk hi i t he ort tt dog bi hi l ta m ,be aus t c nit r
ha he
a se t c m n hè ad ha he
t s ef r
c e he a se

sr c hi i t ba k ofhi rghtt gh a t dog bi hi on hi rg f e nn a hi rg
t u k m n he c
s i hi nd he
t m
s i ht or a
nd s i ht
hi Ca dy dele r cevi a antbi tc oi m e fo W hie He alo c
p. na
ri s e i ng ny i o i nt nt ' m
r
t d.
s ompli t t
ans ha

Whi ddén tofrp i me iainfrted gbi swhc h camsweeç c lre ta1
t i o fe an dcto o h o t , ih e li
e
e
r ç h ag r1 1'
mu
1 '
t wo nd W h é s' tsd srb d.De l! 1 , No 7 - .
he u j he ' n e ec ie
b
c. 9 ECF . 1 2
On t c r nt r c d, t c tfnds t t Cana ha pr e e ge ne i s of
he ure e or he our i
ha
dy s es nt d nui s ues
m aera f c i diput on whi a' tona f c fnde c d bepe s dedt tW hied a t d wih
t il a t n s e
ch r i l a t
a
r oul
r ua
ha
t ce t
dei r t i fe enc t Ca dy' s dous me c lnee on Jme 25,201 J c on,775 F.
lbe ae ndif r e o na s e
di a
ds
t
5. a ks
3d

a 1 .Ac o dn l,h c u t l d n W h td' moinf rs mmmyj d me t
t 78 c r igy te o r wil e y ie s to o u
u g n.
11 CONCLUSI
1.
ONJ

F rt sae r a o , h c u tc n ld st a temoi n frsl r j d me tsld
o he ttd e s ns t e o r o cu e h t h to o l
mmay u g n e
by de e nsBabet Bosi,a Hodge mus bega e a t cli ( )agais Hodge a
f nda t r to, tc nd
s t rntd s o am 1 ilt
s nd

cam ()a an tBo tc r g r igh siiilu eo OC s ry a ans Ca d Th mo inmus
li 2 g i s si, e a dn i nta s f
p a g i t na y. e to
t
be de e ho ve ,as t t o he e e sve f c c am s agans Bosi a Ba be t The
' ni d, we r
o he t r xc s i or e l i
i t tc nd r to.

10

c u tas c ncu e ta t moin f rml r j d me tfldby d fnd n W hi d mus be
o r lo o ld s h t he to o mmay u g n ie
ee a t t
e
t
de e Theco twildie tt clr t s he et r maqi c am sf ti .
ni d.
ur l r c he e k o c dul ,he e i ng l i or ral
An a o it or rwile e t sda
ppr pra e de l ùt r hi y.

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