Stephens v. New River Valley Regional Jail

Filing 68

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by Senior Judge Glen E. Conrad on 9/12/2019. (tvt)

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R OA N O K E D I I O N
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CHARI,E GRANT STEPHENS,
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CASE NO.7:
18CV001
72
M EM ORANDUM OPI ON
NI

By: Ho GlnE. nr d
n. e Co a
Se orUnie Stt Dit c Judge
ni
td aes srit

Thepl i if Chari Gr ntSt phe ,a Vigi ai a epr ee ng pr K ,fld t sci l
antf,
le a
e ns
r ni nm t oc di
o
ie hi vi

rg t a to pt s n t 4 U. C. 1 3.S e h nsalg st t fe hsta frfo o ej it
i hs cin l ua t o 2 S. j 98 tp e le e ha a tr i rnse r m n al o
r
a oh r aj i ofca ds rmi tda ans hm be a eo h src b r f sn t rtm hi Bi e
n t e , al fiil ici nae g i t i c us f i a e y eu ig o eu s bl
a l ga pa r ,a ot roo cil f ie t r tivet m f hi . Afe r vi w oft r c d,
nd e l pe s nd he
a s a ld o e re he or m
tr e e
he e or
t c tc l s t t s ve alof St phe 's
he our oncude ha e r
e ns ubmi sons ECF Nos 38,49,50- mus be
si ,
.
53, t

lbealy c t ed,j nty,as n ndme s t Stphe s alegai . W hie s h pice al
i r l onsnz oi l
me nt o e n' l tons
l uc e me
co tuci oft c
nsr ton he ompli ti no co it ntwih t Fe r lRul sofCi lPr dur i lgh
a n s t nsse
t he de a
e
vi oqe e, n i t
oft pl i ifspr # sa s t c twilgr ntt s n ndm e sa c i hi alegai
he antf
o : tm , he our l a he e me
nt nd onsder s l tons
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asprs ntd i a1ofhi flngs Se ,e. ,Erc o v.Padus 551U. 89,90- ( ) l s
ee e n l
s ii . e R. iks n
r ,
S.
95 2007 . n o

d i ,h c u t o cu e t tted fn a t aee tte t sl r u g n .
ong t e o r c n ld s ha h ee d ns r nild o l
mma yj d me t
1.

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.

Ta ng St phe a e d c
ki
e ns' m nde ompli i t lg mos f vo a e t hi ,he alege t
ant n he i ht
t a r bl o m
l s he
f l ng s que eofe nt .Fr J nua y 201 t J nua y 2018 Stphe wa i ar e a e a
olowi e nc
ve s om a r
7 o a r
, e ns s nc c r t d t

t W etr Vigi aRe ona J i (û VRJ'. The W VRJc pli prvi Stphe wih a
he sen r ni gi l al 1
W
')
ha an o ded e ns t
G ie Rec r Bi e ' a s c a l des gne ve s on t he p hi r c
t f
ove y bl ,' pe i ly
i d r i o l m e onnec t G od w hie a s
to
l lo

hel nghi i hi r ove yfom s t nc a c i ns Ve i.Bre . ECF No.5
pi
m n s ec r r ubsa e ddito . rf if 2,
0.

.

I J nua y 201 Stphe a Ant n Sta e,a Afi a Am e i n i t who had
n a r
8, e ns nd
wai r ng n rc n
rca nma e
alo r eve a Lie Re ve y Bi e whie a W VRJ we e ta f r e t a Ne Ri r Val y
s ec i d
f co r bl
l t
, r r nse r d o
w ve
le

Re in l alt RVRJ'f clt OnJ n ay 1 , 01 , o hSrng a S e h nsake S r e n
go a J i(W
' a ii
)
y. a u r 0 2 8 b t ta e nd tp e s d eg a t
(Sg.)By df r r sint rtiv t i Bilsa dlg l p r 9o t i p ro a pr p ry.
& t' r o pemiso o ere e her b e n e a pa es m her e s n l o e t
ç '
Byr r f e La e ,Byr al d Sta
d e us d. t r
d lowe r nge t c l c li pr pe t ie s i l ng hi Lie
o ole t ls o ry tm , ncudi
s f
R e ove y Bi e. St phe r ne e li r ques t r c r hi Bi e a ot rpr ry ie s but
c r bl
e ns e w d zs e
t o e ove s bl nd he ope t t m ,

By d r f ed,alege y bec us ofSt phe 'r e. Ca an M ur l t alege y agr ed wih
r e us
l dl
a e
e ns ac
pt i
phy aer l dl
e
t
St phe t tByr ha lke y r tume St a
e ns ha
d d i l e t d r nge' Bi e bec us ofhi r e.
s bl
a e
s ac l

l J r 201 Stphe as as d Sgt éal f rt n ofhi Bi ea l alpa r.
n anuay 8, e ns lo ke
. l or eur
s bl nd eg pes
Hal s i t thewasnota l d t ha t m . I J numy,a a i i Fe ua y 2018 Stphe
l a d ha
lowe o ve he n a
nd gan n br r
, e ns
as Ca a n M up hy f rhi Bi e a lga pa r M u phy s d he woul brng t ie st
ked pt i
o s bl nd e l pe s. r
ai
d i he t m o
St nss
ephe oon,butf ie t do s Compl 4,ECF No.1;Am .Compl 4,ECF No.17. St phe
al d o
o.
.
.
e ns
alo a ke Sg .
s s d 4 Nowe s who s d t the woul E oo i o i,hene rdi ' Am .
r,
ai ha
d ç k nt t
l
ve d.
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Compl 3,
. ECF
N o.1 W he St phe a ke N o r a i i Fe ua y 2018,t s r ea s d,G
7.
n e ns s d we s gan n br r
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g i t g ti( i e , of * i gg to e i- I .
ong o e t bbl) s ' *n e v r t' d
u
'
I Fe ua y 2018 Stphe a s t d Ca ai Fl ma a
n br r
, e ns lo ol pt n ee n bouthi ta f ra hi de iet
s r nse nd s sr o
ha hi Bi e a pa r . Fl m mls i he w o d lc c o i a ge ba k t 'St phe Br e
ve s bl nd pe s ee
ad
ul the k n t nd t c o' e ns. i f

9,ECF No. He di not W he St phe as d Sgt M c l f rr t r o ii Bi ea lgal
38.
d .
n e ns ke
. Neiy o e u n f ts bl nd e
pa r ,hes r a s i t thec d ha t iemsba k.Het d Stphe t s nd hi am itn
pe s t e ge nt a d ha
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c
ol e ns o e
m
te
r
eques ,and he w oul have t iem s r um ed t snm e ni . St phens wrot t reques ,but
t
d
he t
et
hat
ght e
e he
t

ne rr ceve ar s ns
ve e i d e po e.

l On Augus 1 201 St nst d Capti M ur a
t , 8, ephe ol
an
phy boutByr sacins nyi Stphe hi Bi e,
d' to --de ng e ns s bl
whiealowi Sta e t r ti hi Bi e oft s met . M ur y saed,Ss know wh hegothi a you
l l ng r ng o ereve s bl he a ype
ph tt tYou
y
s nd
di tge yolr. Stphe r ple E ,be us he' blc ' Capt M u phy nodded i a e nt' Verf Bref2,
dn' t zs' e ns e id Yes ca e s a k.
. r
n gr eme ' i. i
ECF No.
53.

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St phenswa notpr de wih ac oft NRVRJI t Ha
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nma e ndbook untlAprl2018.
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Thus f o J nua y 1 t m i Aprl201 he di no know t the c d r ques a dona e Bi e
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8,
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f om t prs lbr r W he he ve ba l as ofk e s f r t n ofhi Bi e no one t d hi
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ol m
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bouthow t a k f r a dona e one. A f e he r e ve a i a e ha
o s o
td
t r ec i d n nm t ndbook a l ar d t r w as
nd e ne he e

agreva pr ed e heas d, ucc s f l f gre ncef m s e nsalo f l d t
i nce oc ur ,
ke uns e s uly, or i va
or .St phe
s olowe he
fr ts e oft g i va epr ed l e by f lng num e ousw rte r que tf m s a ki f rr tm lof
is t p he r e nc oc tr , ii
r
it n e s or s ng o e t
hi Bi e a pa r . H ene rgota r pons
s bl nd pe s
ve
es
e.

S e h n fld hsiiilj1 3 c mpan i Ap i 2 8 s i o y t j i. Afe t
tp e s ie i nta 98 o lit n rl 01 , ung nl he al tr he
c u tn tfe hm t tt j i wa n ta p o e d fn a tt e j1 8 ,hefld a a n e
o r o i d i ha he al s o r p r ee d n md r 9 3
i
ie n me d d

c mplitt tmi one ma y cams Th c u t o iid hm o t i p o lm, n i J l 2 8
o an ha s i d n li . e o r n tfe i f h s r b e a d n u y 01 ,
j
he fl d a s ond a e
ie
ec
m nded c pl i , m i t e of e sasdef nda s Byr H a l M c e l
om a nt na ng hes fc r
e nt :
d, l, N iy,

No r,Fl man,a M ur
we s ee
nd phy. Stphe algest co tt i lcams ( )t dee t
e ns le wo nsiutona li : 1 he fndans
de i hi ofaBi e,i vi ai n ofhi Fis Am e m e rghtt fe e r ie ofhi r lgi
prved m
bl n ol to
s rt
nd nt i o r e xe c s
s ei ous

beif;a d ()By dd ne h m e ua p o e to b d srmiai a ans hi be a e o hs
les n 2 r e id i q l r tcin y ici n t g i t m c us f i
ng
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r c i vi a i oft Fou te h Amendme . He s ksonl m one a y da
a e, n olton he re nt
nt
ee
y
t r mage . On J y 1
s
ul 8,
201 t co ts r e t c e o t def nda s
8, he ur e v d he as n he e nt .
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I lt M a 201 ,h NRVRJc pana vie Se he sta j ipoiypemitdhm t
n ae y 8 t e
ha li d s d tp n h t al lc r te i o
ha hi Bi ei hi c l.Thec pli t d St phe t wrt ar ques,a hewoul c c i o
ve s bl n s e l
ha a n ol e ns o ie e t nd
d he k nt
i.Thec pli ne rr eve t tr ques.
t
ha an ve ec i d ha e t
On Augus 1,2018,M ur
t
phy as
ked St
ephens why t ls of def ndant i t l s t
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e
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i l d M ur
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1
ht ve
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M ur r t m e t Bi e t Stphe on Aug t 8 2018. I Se e be 201 St phe was
phy e u d he bl o e ns
us ,
n pt m r 8, e ns
t a f r d t a s a e pr s f ciiy.
r ns er e o t t i on a lt

Thedef nda sha sl d am o i n t dim is o i t a tm a i m o i n f sl a y
e nt ve e
to o s s , r n he le tve, to or lmm r

j g n ,s p o td b afd vt. Th y ag e t a Se he s fi d t e h us a mil taie
ud me t u p re y fi a is e r u h t tp n al o x a t d ri rtv
e
s
rme esr r nghi camsbeor flngt slws t a r uie unde 42U. C.j199 a,
e di egadi s li
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r
S.
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a t tt y a e e il d t q lfe i muniy a t hi cli s f r dn
nd ha he r ntte o uaii d m
t s o s am o mage . St phe has
s
e ns
r pondedt t rmoton,m a ng i rpef diposton.
es
o hei
i
ki t i or s ii z
I.
1

A .The St nda d ofReviw
a r
e
A m oton t di m i st s st l ga s fci ncy ofa c pl i . Se e. ,Be lAt . p.
i o s s e t he e l uf i e
om a nt e, g. l l Cor v.

Two y 5 0U. 5 4, 3 6 ( 0 7 .$T) ec mplitmus beds se i i d e n talg
mbl, 5 S. 4 55 - 3 2 0 ) ç h o an
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t imis d f t o s o le e
e
nough f c st s a e a c ai t r le t ti pl us bl on isf c ' G i r a a v. hns 521F.
a t o t t l m o e i f ha s a i e t a e. a r t no Jo on,
'
3d

2 3 2 (t Ci. 0 8 . Thed fnd n sh ves p re t ermo int ds s wi afd vt
98 0 4h r 2 0 )
3
ee a t a u po td h i to o imis t fi a is
h
on whih t c t sr le i r vi wi t ra gum e son e
c he our h: ei d n e e ng hei r
nt
xhausi a quai d i mlniy.
ton nd lfe m l t

I,o amoin u d rRue 1 b ( )o 1 () matr o tie te pla ig a e
f n
to n e l 2()6 r 2 c, te s usd h e dn s r
pr s nt d t a no e l d by t co t t m oton mus be te t d a one f
e e e o nd t xcude
he ur, he i
t r ae s
or

s mmay j d me t t e Ru e 5 .Al p ris mus b gv n a r a o a l
u r u g n md r l 6 1 a t
e
t e ie
es n be
opporu t t pr e tal t ma e i lt ti pe tne t t m o i
t niy o es n l he t ra ha s ri nt o he ton.

2 W e ksa trflnghi r pons t t de e nt m o i , St nsfl dic r r quessw iht c t
e fe ii s es e o he f nda s' ton ephe ied s ove y e t t he our.

Th ma itae u g g a tdted fnd ns moint sa ds o ey p ndn tec u tsd cso o ted fnd ns
e gsrt j d e rne h ee a t' to o ty ic v r , e ig h o r' e iin n h ee a t'
m oi Stphe hasfie t de onsr t t ta oft dic r i o m ai her
ton. e ns
ald o m tae ha ny he s ove y nfr ton equese wasne s a yt hi
td
ce s r o s

rso et ted fn a t' ru nso e h usina dq ai e i nt , srq ie Fe . Ci. 5 ( )
ep ns o h ee d ns ag me t f x a to n u lt d mmu iy a e urd. d R. v P. 6d .
i
3 Thecou hasom it i ena quotton m aks ale ai ,a ciai heeandelewhe etloughout
rt
ted ntr l a i
r , tr tons nd ttons r
s
r lr
t so ni unl sot r s not
hi pi on, es he wie ed.

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Fe R.Ci.P.1 ( ) Ac o d n l,t e c u twilc n ie t d fn a t'mo in u d rte
d.
v
2 d . c r i gy h o r l o sd r he e e d n s to n e h
s mmayj d me tsa d r 4
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An a r o s mmay j d me ti a p o rae Sft mo a ts o t tt r i no
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i

g n n d s u ea t a maeil a ta dt mo a ti e tte t j g n a ama tro lm '
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l
Fe R.Ci P.56() Forapat se de et r s ag nui is ofmaeilf ts fce t
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mo tfv rb et t en n vigp ry. S w v. to d 1 F.d79 , 9 (t Ci. 9 4 .
s a o a l o h o mo n a t ' ha S r u , 3 3 1 7 8 4 h r 1 9 )
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A prs r c r brng a cvi aci n c
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e use a ia eadmi srtverme es 42U. C.j1
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nitai e di .
S. 997e() Thi e usi rquie n
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st
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1 S.Ct 185 1 ( 6) To co y wih
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mpl t

j1 9 e a, nimaemu t o lw e c se o t ee tbih dg iv n epr c d et a t f clt
9 7 ()a n t s f lo a h tp f h sa l e re a c o e ur h the a ii
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y
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S eW o d o dv Nc , 4 U. 8 , 0 9 ( 0 6 .W h t ro no tepat ulrf nno rle t e
e o f r . o 5 8 S. 1 9 - 4 2 0 ) ehe r t h ri a o f eif h
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imaed sr si a albeu d rte alsa miitai ep o e t e h mu tne e t ls, xh u t
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r
pr ry a1a ia er m e esunde t pr dur be or brngi a ci la ton i t s c rt
ope l l va lbl e di
r hat oce e f e i ng
vi c i n hi ou .
1 a 85.
d. t
The de e nt bea t bur ofpr ng t a r a i de e e t tSt ns f ie t
f nda s r he den
ovi he x m tve f ns ha ephe a l d o

e
xhaus a l e a nita i r m e esr ga di li cai sbe or flng s t J
t vaiabl dmi sr tve e di e r ng zs l m
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4 Asr quied by Ros o v, Gars n 5 F.d 3 9 ( h Ci.1 7 ) te c m'wan d Se h n ta
e r
ebor
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j d me tmih b g a td f rted fnd nsi h dd n trs ndt termoin b tl atd vt o ohe
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ng
documenscontaditng t ra gum e sa e de
t
r ci hei r
nt nd vi nce. Se N otc ECF N o.26. Stphensha s it ve ii d
e ie,
e
s ubm ted rte
r po e t t def nt'moton,ECF No. ,a ot rbresi r pons ,t whiht defnda shaver pled.
es ns s o he enda s
i
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4 S. 9 , 2 20 7 . c he v o o S e h ns y e s a umma yj d me t
r ug n
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r 997e a f tts a t ho ng ha he e di
r he sa ihe ivmwe
pr ed ewe enotG valbl 'ohi .Ros ,1 S. . t1859( tngt tcicl tnce ma ng
oc ur r
t ia e't m
a
s 36 Cta
noi ha rlmsa s ki

p io g iv nc pr c d r su a alb e t l n to tn a ie'. Ge e al ,G n a mi taie
rs n re a e o e u e n v ia l i l o fe rs '
wi
) n r ly l d isrtv
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r m e i no c i r d t ha be n a ia e i a prs r t ough no f ul ofhi o was
e dy s t onsde e o ve e val bl f ione , hr
a t
s wns

p e e tdfo a al hi efo i' Mo r v. r te 5 7F.d71 , 25(t Ci. 0 )
rv ne ' m v ii ms l f t' o e Bemet, 1 3 7 7 4 h r 20 8 .
r
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NRVRJ.W i t sr or do no r fec t tSt phe e rfld a r que tf m orgreva
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r pe t dl r f s d or f l t r tzn hi Bi e. On t s e de ,t de e
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Stphe f ie t co ywihj 1 ()beor flnghi j1983cams a t thi c ta ton
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6

G
t usi gi a age y a opporuniy t c r c iso mit keswih r pe tt t
Exha ton ves n nc n
t t o or e t t wn sa
t es c o he
pr n si a nitr bef r i i ha e i o f de a c t'W oodf r v. g 548 U. 81 8
ogr m t dmi se s o e t s l d nt e r l our.
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2006) Stphe di notgveNRVRJofii st to runiyr gadi hi r c dic nai
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The docrne of q lfe i mt t s e ds gove n e ofi i l f o cvi dn a
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i ht
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1 S. .
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n nma e' biiy o
pr tc hi r i o be i f do notpr s nta c tt tona c a m . Lovel e, F. a 1
ac i e s elgi us le s
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ons i u i l l i
ac 472 3d t 94.
St phe ha s a ed t the i a Chr s i n a t tw iho a Bi e f s ve a m o hs a
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c s t imae u o t i rq e t' M e Su p.M o.Ex.1 W i tn Af. 4,ECF No. - .
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9

n ta to a l a s c u e j 1 8 . Se UntdS ae v. c r s 4 0U. 7 , 5 5 (9 )
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Ricov. y o Fara . .9 7F. 1 9 1 9(t Ci.1 9 )
c i Ct . f if x Va, 0 2d 45 , 46 4h r 9 0 .

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nma e t no he . h c i
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e ha glge
nd, h , annots
uppo ta
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cl i t tt y de i St phe ofc tt tona r ght . Lovel c 472 F. a 1
a m ha he prved e ns ons iu i l i s
a e,
3d t 94.

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e ns l o once st the hadno c tt i lrghtt pos e shi own Bi ewhie
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1 5 4 a * 0( D. a Au 1 , 9 9 (o dn t ti an ifh sn c nsi in l ih t h v
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.

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l nc r eae .
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Ch ita p a tc h c udno ha ee ecs dj ta wel t ad nae Bil t a j i o fcas
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h
woul ha pr de t hi upon r que t Ye ,ove t e g d ve ovi d o m
e s. t
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e de et the a tmpt d t ptr ha ea t rBi e.
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Se he ssmpl ha no sae f css wi t a t j i poiy o j i o cas a to
tp n i y s t ttd a t ho ng h t he al lc r al x il' cins
pr s ur d hi t vi a e hi r lgi belef o t a ndo a r lgi pr ce . Lo l c 472
e s e m o ol t s e i ous i s r o ba n ny e i ous e pt ve a e,
F. a 1 Att m os , he de e nt 'f iur t r t n St phens pe s na B i e r qui e hi
3d t 82.
he
tt
f nda s a l e o e ur e
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t m a e r e f tt r i t t Bi e or t t ke se t obt i a he Bi e. M er
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e

5 The def
endant have al fl decl a i satng t ti St nshad as t t r t i hi
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l ied
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Bi e,t y woul have done s
bl he
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i onve e a m i e ns c nnotc tt e a s t n i lbtr n f rptr esofa Fis
nc
nince nd nor xpe e a
onsiut ubsa ta lde o lpos
rt
A m e e c a m .Li ng W a e Chlr h ofG od,258 F.App' a 739. Be us St phe f ist
ndm nt l i
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t r zc
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de
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tae ha he f ndan s a tons o polc e plce a s t nta btr n on hi r lgi
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f nda s ul e s bl ive ha her onduc di no de i Stphe ofhi a lt t
t d t prve e ns
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p a tc h srlgo Rah r te c ud ra o a yh v rle o t ej i' poiy o p o ii
r cie i eiin. t e ,h y o l e s n bl a e eid n h als l f r vdng
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On ti rc r , h c ur c n ld st tt d f n a t aee tte t s mma yj g n o t
h s e o d t e o t o cu e ha he e e d n s r n ild o u r ud me t n he
g o m d of qua i i i m t iy aga ns St phe ' c a m s f r m one my da a
rt
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Fo tera o sae ,h c u t lg a tted fn a t'mo inf rs mmayj d me t
r h e s ns ttd te o r wil rn h ee d ns to o u r u g n .
A n a o t or rw ili s t sda
ppr pda e de l s ue hi y.

TheClr i diece t s nd c e oft sm e or nd o ni a a ompa ngor r
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o ai if nd o ouns
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ENTER : Thi lQ
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da ofSe e
y
pt mber 201
9.
,
#

Se orU nie St t s Di t i tJ
ni
t d a e s rc udge