Nieuwejaar et al v. Nationstar Mortgage LLC et al
Filing
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ORDER OF DISMISSAL by Judge James L. Robart. The court GRANTS Defendants' motion to dismiss (Dkt. # 25 ) and DISMISSES Plaintiffs' second amended complaint with prejudice and without leave to amend. (AD)
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON
AT SEATTLE
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ROLF NIEUWEJAAR, et al.,
CASE NO. C15-1663JLR
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Plaintiffs,
ORDER OF DISMISSAL
v.
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NATIONSTAR MORTGAGE, LLC,
et al.,
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Defendants.
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I.
INTRODUCTION
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This matter comes before the court on Defendants Nationstar Mortgage, LLC, and
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U.S. Bank, N.A.’s motion to dismiss Plaintiffs Rolf and Gerd Nieuwejaar’s second
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amended complaint pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6). 1 (Mot. (Dkt.
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Although Plaintiffs’ second operative complaint is presently before the court, the parties
and the Clerk refer to it as the second amended complaint. (See, e.g., Dkt.; SAC (Dkt. # 24).)
Plaintiffs attached a “first amended complaint” to their motion to amend (Mot. to Am. (Dkt.
22 # 17) Ex. 1), but the motion to amend was denied (2/9/16 Order (Dkt. # 22)). Plaintiffs filed two
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ORDER- 1
1 # 25); see also Reply (Dkt. # 27); SAC (Dkt. # 24).) The court has reviewed the motion,
2 all submissions filed in support thereof and opposition thereto, the relevant portions of
3 the record, and the applicable law. Being fully advised, 2 the court GRANTS Defendants’
4 motion to dismiss and DISMISSES Plaintiffs’ second amended complaint with prejudice
5 and without leave to amend.
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II.
BACKGROUND
This case concerns Plaintiffs’ attempt to rescind their October 2006 residential
8 mortgage loan (“the subject loan”). (See SAC ¶ 5 (referencing Compl. (Dkt # 1) Ex. A).)
9 On May 15, 2015, Plaintiffs sent Defendants a notice of rescission in an effort to rescind
10 the subject loan pursuant to the Truth in Lending Act (“TILA”), 15 U.S.C. § 1601, et seq.
11 (Id.) Defendants did not cancel the note for the subject loan upon receipt of Plaintiffs’
12 notice. (See id. ¶ 14.) On October 1, 2015, Defendants initiated the foreclosure process
13 by posting a notice of default on Plaintiffs’ property. (Id. ¶ 25.)
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Plaintiffs filed this action seeking enforcement of their rescission under TILA.
15 (See SAC at 5-6; see also Compl. at 4, 5-6.) The court dismissed Plaintiffs’ original
16 complaint for failure to state a claim. 3 (2/9/16 Order (Dkt. # 22).) Plaintiffs filed their
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18 “second amended complaints,” intending the second version to correct the first. (Compare
Original SAC (Dkt. # 23) with SAC (Dkt. # 24).) The court refers to the corrected version of
19 Plaintiffs’ second operative complaint as the second amended complaint. (SAC.)
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No party has asked for oral argument concerning this motion, and the court deems it to
be unnecessary. See Local Rules W.D. Wash. LCR 7(b)(4).
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The court dismissed Plaintiffs’ original complaint because it did not contain allegations
from which the court could infer that (1) the subject loan could qualify for rescission under TILA
22 or (2) the notice of rescission could be timely. (2/9/16 Order at 5.)
ORDER- 2
1 second amended complaint on February 23, 2016. (SAC.) The changes reflected in
2 Plaintiffs’ second amended complaint include (1) a statement that “[u]pon information
3 and belief, the subject loan was never consummated” (id. ¶ 12); (2) reference to two
4 notices “disputing the debt,” which Plaintiffs allegedly sent to Defendants on February
5 26, 2009, and March 5, 2009 (id. ¶ 16); and (3) the statement that “[t]he subject mortgage
6 loan secures and/or secured the acquisition of plaintiffs’ home, which is their principal
7 dwelling” (id. ¶ 22). On March 7, 2016, Defendants filed the present motion to dismiss,
8 arguing that Plaintiffs’ notice of rescission was untimely and therefore ineffective.
9 (Mot.)
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III.
ANALYSIS
11 A. Standard for a Motion under Rule 12(b)(6)
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Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6), the court may dismiss a
13 complaint for “failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted.” Fed. R. Civ. P.
14 12(b)(6). In ruling on a motion to dismiss, the court must construe the complaint in the
15 light most favorable to the non-moving party. See al-Kidd v. Ashcroft, 580 F.3d 949, 956
16 (9th Cir. 2009). The court must accept all well-pleaded allegations of fact as true and
17 draw “all reasonable inferences in favor of the plaintiff.” Id. However, legal conclusions
18 and other conclusory statements receive no presumption of truth. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal,
19 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009).
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Dismissal is appropriate where a complaint fails to allege “enough facts to state a
21 claim to relief that is plausible on its face.” Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544,
22 570 (2007). A claim is plausible on its face “when the plaintiff pleads factual content
ORDER- 3
1 that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the
2 misconduct alleged.” Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. As a result, a complaint must contain
3 “more than labels and conclusions, and a formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause
4 of action will not do.” Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555. In the event dismissal is warranted,
5 however, leave to amend should be granted unless amendment would be futile. Lopez v.
6 Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127 (9th Cir. 2000).
7 B. Notice of Rescission under TILA
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Plaintiffs believe they have a right to rescind the subject loan pursuant to TILA, 15
9 U.S.C. § 1635. (See SAC ¶¶ 4, 8-15; see also Compl. ¶¶ 4, 8-14.) TILA allows
10 borrowers in some types of consumer credit transactions to rescind their loan agreements
11 unconditionally within three business days of the transaction. 15 U.S.C. § 1635(a); see
12 also Jesinoski v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., --- U.S. ---, 135 S. Ct. 790, 792 (2015).
13 TILA also provides a conditional right to rescind for up to three years after the
14 consummation of a loan, but only if the lender fails to satisfy the TILA disclosure
15 requirements. See 15 U.S.C. § 1635(f); Jesinoski, 135 S. Ct. at 792. In their motion,
16 Defendants dispute the timeliness of Plaintiffs’ notice of rescission (see generally Mot.),
17 but the court also considers whether the subject loan is one of the “certain transactions”
18 for which TILA confers a right of rescission. 4 See 15 U.S.C. § 1635.
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The court recognizes that the parties have raised only the issue of timeliness. (Mot.;
Resp.) Nevertheless, because Section 1635 is the only authority for rescission asserted by
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Plaintiffs (see generally SAC), the court raises the issue of TILA’s applicability sua sponte, just
as it did in ruling on Defendants’ first motion to dismiss. (See 2/9/16 Order at 5 n.4.) A timely
22 notice of rescission does not change the type of transactions for which a right of rescission exists
ORDER- 4
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1. Transactions eligible for rescission under TILA
The conditional and unconditional rights of rescission under TILA apply only to
3 certain transactions. See 15 U.S.C. § 1635(e). A consumer’s right to rescind a credit
4 transaction under TILA does not extend to “a residential mortgage transaction,” id.
5 § 1635(e)(1), which TILA defines as “a transaction in which a . . . deed of trust . . . is
6 created or retained against the consumer’s dwelling to finance the acquisition or initial
7 construction of such dwelling,” id. § 1602(x). 5
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Plaintiffs allege that “[t]he subject mortgage loan secures and/or secured the
9 acquisition of plaintiffs’ home . . . .” (SAC ¶ 22; Resp. at 3.) This allegation brings the
10 subject loan within the definition of a “residential mortgage transaction.” See 15 U.S.C.
11 § 1602(x). A borrower’s right to rescind under TILA does not apply to such transactions.
12 Id. § 1635(e)(1). Consequently, Plaintiffs’ second amended complaint alleges facts that
13 disqualify the subject loan from a right to rescind under TILA. See id. § 1602(x).
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15 under Section 1635. See 15 U.S.C. § 1635 (“Right of rescission as to certain transactions.”); see,
e.g., Olivia v. Nat’l City Mortg. Co., 490 F. App’x 904, at *2 (9th Cir. 2012) (“The district court
properly dismissed plaintiffs’ claims under [TILA] because the loan at issue was a ‘residential
16 mortgage transaction’ and therefore not subject to TILA rescission.” (citations omitted));
Gonzalez v. GMAC Mortg. LLC, No. CV 10-05021 DDP (AGRx), 2010 WL 3245818, at *3
17 (C.D. Cal. Aug. 17, 2010) (“Plaintiffs allege that the loan at issue was used to finance the
acquisition of their home. Accordingly, the Court concludes that the mortgage transaction at
18 issue in this case was a residential mortgage transaction . . . and thus Plaintiffs have no right to
rescind under TILA.”).
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Pursuant to TILA, the right of rescission does not apply to “a residential mortgage
20 transaction as defined in Section 1602(w) of this title.” 15 U.S.C. § 1635(e). The court
interprets the cross-reference to direct the reader to the definition of “residential mortgage
21 transaction” in Section 1602(x), not the definition of “dwelling” in Section 1602(w). See
Middleton v. Guaranteed Rate, Inc., No. 2:15-cv-00943-RCJ-GWF, 2015 WL 3934934, at *3 n.1
(N.D. Cal. June 25, 2015) (explaining that the 2010 TILA amendments shifted the definitions in
22 Section 1602 by one letter).
ORDER- 5
1 Plaintiffs therefore fail to state a claim for relief under TILA regardless of whether their
2 notice of rescission was timely.
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2. Timely notice of rescission under TILA
The parties dispute whether Plaintiffs’ notice of rescission was timely. 6 (Compare
5 Mot., with Resp.) If Section 1635 applies to a borrower’s consumer credit transaction,
6 the borrower can execute the right of rescission by notifying the lender. 15 U.S.C.
7 § 1635(a); Jesinoski, 135 S. Ct. at 792 (“The language [of Section 1635(a)] leaves no
8 doubt that rescission is effected when the borrower notifies the creditor of his intention to
9 rescind.”). However, the borrower must rescind the loan within the time constraints
10 prescribed in the statute. 15 U.S.C. § 1635(f); Jesinoski, 153 S. Ct. at 792 (emphasis in
11 original) (quoting 15 U.S.C. § 1635(f)) (“[T]his conditional right to rescind does not last
12 forever. Even if a lender never makes the required disclosures, the ‘right of rescission
13 shall expire three years after the date of consummation . . . .’”). The time constraint in
14 TILA “is a three-year statute of repose, requiring dismissal of a claim for rescission
15 brought more than three years after the consummation of the loan secured by the first
16 trust deed.” McOmie-Gray v. Bank of Am. Home Loans, 667 F.3d 1325, 1326 (9th Cir.
17 2012); see also Beach v. Ocwen Fed. Bank, 523 U.S. 410, 412 (1998) (holding that
18 Section 1635(f) “completely extinguishes” a right of rescission after three years).
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Because the parties do not address whether the subject loan is exempted from the right
of rescission under TILA and instead focus on the timeliness of Plaintiffs’ notice of rescission,
22 the court also discusses timeliness. (See generally Mot.; Resp.)
ORDER- 6
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Defendants argue that Plaintiffs’ notice of rescission was untimely because
2 Plaintiffs sent it “nearly nine years after consummation of the transaction.” 7 (Mot. at 4.)
3 Plaintiffs respond that the rescission could be timely because the loan might not be
4 consummated. (Resp. at 4.) However, like their original complaint, Plaintiffs’ second
5 amended complaint makes no factual allegations about consummation of the subject loan.
6 (See SAC at 3; 2/9/16 Order at 7.) Plaintiffs’ only allegation about consummation is that
7 “[u]pon information and belief, the subject loan was never consummated.” (SAC ¶ 12.)
8 That statement is a legal conclusion, which is not entitled to a presumption of truth. See
9 Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678. At this stage, the court considers the factual allegations in the
10 complaint in the light most favorable to Plaintiffs. al-Kidd, 580 F.3d at 956. However,
11 as the court explained in its previous order of dismissal, Plaintiffs must actually allege
12 facts that, if true, would support their claims. (2/9/16 Order at 7 n.6); Iqbal, 556 U.S. at
13 678. The court still cannot infer a problem with consummation because Plaintiffs still
14 have not pleaded any facts to support such an inference. (SAC; see also Compl.)
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Plaintiffs did not send their notice of rescission until May 15, 2015. 8 (SAC ¶ 5.)
16 The subject loan agreement was executed in October 2006. (See id. (referencing Compl.
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Regulation Z provides that for TILA purposes, “[c]onsummation means the time that a
consumer becomes contractually obligated on a credit transaction.” 12 C.F.R. § 1026.2(a)(13).
19 State law governs whether a contractual obligation has been established for purposes of
Regulation Z. Jackson v. Grant, 890 F.2d 118, 120 (9th Cir. 1989).
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Defendants acknowledge that Plaintiffs’ second amended complaint includes a
reference to notices “disputing the debt” that were sent in February and March of 2009. (Mot. at
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4; SAC ¶ 16.) However, Defendants argue that Plaintiffs make no attempt to suggest the 2009
notices were notices of rescission. (See Mot. at 4; see generally SAC.) Plaintiffs’ response does
22 not challenge Defendants’ argument that the 2009 notices were not notices of rescission. (See
ORDER- 7
1 Ex. A).) Thus, even drawing all reasonable inferences in favor of Plaintiffs, the court
2 finds no basis to infer that their rescission was timely. Accordingly, the court grants
3 Defendants’ motion to dismiss.
4 C. Leave to Amend
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As a general rule, when a court grants a motion to dismiss, the court should
6 dismiss the complaint with leave to amend. See Eminence Cap., LLC v. Aspeon, Inc., 316
7 F.3d 1048, 1051-52 (9th Cir. 2003) (citing Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a)). The policy favoring
8 amendment is to be applied with “extreme liberality.” Id. at 1051. In determining
9 whether dismissal without leave to amend is appropriate, courts consider such factors as
10 “undue delay, bad faith or dilatory motive on the part of the movant, repeated failure to
11 cure deficiencies by amendments previously allowed, undue prejudice to the opposing
12 party by virtue of allowance of the amendment, and futility of amendment.” Foman v.
13 Davis, 371 U.S. 178, 182 (1962).
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In light of these principles, the court concludes that leave to amend is not
15 appropriate. Plaintiffs’ allegations in the second amended complaint bring the subject
16 loan within the definition of a “residential mortgage transaction,” as defined in 15 U.S.C.
17 § 1602(x). Thus, Plaintiffs have pleaded facts rendering Section 1635 inapplicable to the
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20 generally Resp.) In fact, Plaintiffs do not mention the notices “disputing the debt” at all in their
response. (Id.) Failure to respond to an argument may be treated as an admission that the
21 argument has merit. See Local Rules W.D. Wash. LCR 7(b)(2); see also Lombardi v. Columbia
Recovery Grp., LLC, No. C12-1250 RSM, 2013 WL 5569465, at *4 (W.D. Wash. Oct. 9, 2013).
The court construes Plaintiffs’ silence regarding this argument as an admission of its merit, and
22 declines to consider the issue further.
ORDER- 8
1 subject loan transaction. 15 U.S.C. § 1635(e)(1). No further amendment can cure the
2 fact that Plaintiffs never had a right to rescind the subject loan under TILA.
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Moreover, despite the court’s guidance that Plaintiffs must allege facts about the
4 loan transaction before the court can infer a problem with consummation (see 2/9/16
5 Order at 7 & n.6), Plaintiffs’ second amended complaint does not contain a single factual
6 allegation to suggest the subject loan was never consummated (see generally SAC).
7 Thus, Plaintiffs again fail to allege facts from which the court can infer that their May
8 2015 notice of rescission was timely. In its original order of dismissal, the court warned
9 Plaintiffs that failure to cure the identified deficiencies may be interpreted as an
10 indication that further amendment would be futile. (2/9/16 Order at 8.) Plaintiffs’
11 amended complaint fails to cure either identified deficiency, which indicates to the court
12 that further amendment would be futile. Consequently, the court dismisses Plaintiffs’
13 second amended complaint without leave to amend.
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IV.
CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the court GRANTS Defendants’ motion to dismiss
16 (Dkt. # 25) and DISMISSES Plaintiffs’ second amended complaint with prejudice and
17 without leave to amend.
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Dated this 12th day of April, 2016.
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A
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JAMES L. ROBART
United States District Judge
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ORDER- 9
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