Linthicum v. Colvin

Filing 16

ORDER re 3 Complaint filed by Barbara S Linthicum by Judge J Richard Creatura. The Court orders that this matter be REVERSED and REMANDED pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) to the Acting Commissioner for further consideration consistent with this order. (SH)

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON AT TACOMA 8 9 10 BARBARA S. LINTHICUM, 11 12 13 14 Plaintiff, CASE NO. 3:16-cv-05048 JRC ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT v. CAROLYN W. COLVIN, Acting Commissioner of the Social Security Administration, 15 Defendant. 16 17 This Court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(c), Fed. R. Civ. P. 73 and 18 Local Magistrate Judge Rule MJR 13 (see also Notice of Initial Assignment to a U.S. 19 20 Magistrate Judge and Consent Form, Dkt. 5; Consent to Proceed Before a United States Magistrate Judge, Dkt. 6). This matter has been fully briefed (see Dkt. 11, 14, 15). 21 After considering and reviewing the record, the Court concludes that the ALJ 22 erred in his review of the medical evidence. The ALJ failed to discuss, adopt or reject 23 specifically the doctors’ assessments of moderate limitations, even though such moderate 24 ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 1 1 limitations are defined on the forms utilized as “significant interference” with the ability 2 to perform work related tasks. The Court finds persuasive plaintiff’s argument that the 3 ALJ appears to have mistakenly interpreted moderate limitations as limitations not 4 5 having a significant impact on a claimant’s ability to perform work activities, as this term is typically used by the Social Security Administration, instead of interpreting moderate 6 limitations as they are defined on the forms used by the doctors. 7 The ALJ also failed to credit fully an opinion from an examining doctor, Dr. 8 9 10 Griffin, solely with a finding that “Dr. Griffin did not have the opportunity to review the longitudinal record,” however, this reasoning is contrary to the regulations and caselaw 11 indicating that examining doctors’ opinions generally are given more weight than the 12 opinions from doctors who only examine the longitudinal record. This reasoning by the 13 ALJ also is not specific, as the ALJ failed to cite a single aspect of the longitudinal record 14 that contradicts the opinion from Dr. Griffin. 15 The ALJ also indicated that he was giving significant weight to the medical 16 opinion from Dr. Platter, who opined that plaintiff suffered from reaching limitations, but 17 18 as admitted by defendant, the ALJ did not include any limitations on reaching in the residual functional capacity finding. 19 The ALJ also erred when evaluating plaintiff’s statements and allegations. 20 Because the ALJ’s many errors in his written opinion are not harmless, this matter is 21 22 23 reversed and remanded pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 405(g) to the Acting Commissioner for further consideration consistent with this order. 24 // ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 2 1 2 BACKGROUND Plaintiff, BARBARA S. LINTHICUM, was born in 1964 and was 45 years old on 3 the amended alleged date of disability onset of September 1, 2010 (see AR. 11, 163-64). 4 5 Plaintiff has an associate’s degree in accounting (AR. 38). Plaintiff has work experience as a customer service agent, paratransit driver and school bus driver (AR. 193-203). 6 According to the ALJ, plaintiff has at least the severe impairments of 7 “hypertension; asthma; hearing loss; dysthymic disorder; panic disorder; [and] 8 9 10 generalized anxiety disorder (20 CFR 404.1520(c) and 416.920(c))” (AR. 13). At the time of the hearing, plaintiff was single and living with her 22 year-old son 11 (AR. 38). 12 13 PROCEDURAL HISTORY Plaintiff’s application for disability insurance benefits (“DIB”) pursuant to 42 14 U.S.C. § 423 (Title II) of the Social Security Act was denied initially and following 15 reconsideration (see AR. 70-83, 85-99). Plaintiff’s requested hearing was held before 16 Administrative Law Judge Gary Elliott (“the ALJ”) on April 3, 2014 (see AR. 31-68). On 17 18 May 2, 2014, the ALJ issued a written decision in which the ALJ concluded that plaintiff was not disabled pursuant to the Social Security Act (see AR. 8-30). 19 In plaintiff’s Opening Brief, plaintiff raises the following issues: (1) Whether the 20 ALJ properly evaluated the opinions of Dan Neims, Psy.D.; (2) Whether the ALJ 21 22 23 properly evaluated the opinions of Howard Platter, M.D.; (3) Whether the ALJ properly evaluated the opinion of Enid Griffin, Psy.D.; (4) Whether the ALJ properly evaluated 24 the opinions of Melissa Fogarty, ARNP; (5) Whether the ALJ properly evaluated ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 3 1 plaintiff’s credibility; and (6) Whether the ALJ properly considered all of plaintiff’s 2 impairments (see Dkt. 11, p. 1). 3 4 5 STANDARD OF REVIEW Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), this Court may set aside the Commissioner's denial of social security benefits if the ALJ's findings are based on legal error or not 6 supported by substantial evidence in the record as a whole. Bayliss v. Barnhart, 427 F.3d 7 1211, 1214 n.1 (9th Cir. 2005) (citing Tidwell v. Apfel, 161 F.3d 599, 601 (9th Cir. 8 9 1999)). DISCUSSION 10 11 12 13 (1) Whether or not the ALJ properly evaluated the opinions of Dr. Dan Neims, Psy.D., examining doctor. When an opinion from an examining doctor is contradicted by other medical opinions, the examining doctor’s opinion can be rejected only “for specific and legitimate 14 reasons that are supported by substantial evidence in the record.” Lester v. Chater, 81 15 F.3d 821, 830-31 (9th Cir. 1996) (citing Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1043 (9th Cir. 16 17 18 1995); Murray v. Heckler, 722 F.2d 499, 502 (9th Cir. 1983)); see also 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1527(a)(2) (“Medical opinions are statements from physicians and psychologists or 19 other acceptable medical sources that reflect judgments about the nature and severity of 20 your impairment(s), including your symptoms, diagnosis and prognosis, what you can 21 still do despite impairment(s), and your physical or mental restrictions”). 22 In addition, the ALJ must explain why his own interpretations, rather than those of 23 the doctors, are correct. Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 725 (9th Cir. 1998) (citing 24 ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 4 1 Embrey v. Bowen, 849 F.2d 418, 421-22 (9th Cir. 1988)). But, the Commissioner “may 2 not reject ‘significant probative evidence’ without explanation.” Flores v. Shalala, 49 3 F.3d 562, 570-71 (9th Cir. 1995) (quoting Vincent v. Heckler, 739 F.2d 1393, 1395 (9th 4 5 Cir. 1984) (quoting Cotter v. Harris, 642 F.2d 700, 706-07 (3d Cir. 1981))). The “ALJ’s written decision must state reasons for disregarding [such] evidence.” Flores, supra, 49 6 F.3d at 571. 7 Dr. Dan Neims, Psy.D. examined plaintiff in November, 2011 (AR. 705-21). He 8 9 10 diagnosed plaintiff with major depressive episode, recurrent, marked; panic disorder with agoraphobia; and anxiety disorder NOS (not otherwise specified) (AR. 706). He indicated 11 that there were multiple symptoms that plaintiff was experiencing that he observed 12 personally (id.). For example, he noted that she suffered from attentional disruption, 13 which he opined had a moderate to marked level of severity on her work activities and 14 that it slowed her processing and resulted in “periods of poorly sustained attention and 15 concentration with patterns of task abandonment centering on MSE tasks involving 16 mathematics and working memory” (id.). He also indicated that he observed plaintiff’s 17 18 symptoms of depression, which he opined had a marked level of severity on her work activities, which on this form indicated a very significant interference on her work 19 activities, and he noted that these symptoms affect her work activities in that her 20 depressive “affect and brooding predominate, with periodic problems with more 21 22 23 vegetative symptoms of depression” (id.). On the form utilized by Dr. Neims, a moderate limitation indicates a “significant interference” on the ability to perform basic work- 24 related activities. ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 5 1 Regarding specific functional limitations, Dr. Neims opined that plaintiff suffered 2 from moderate limitations, that is significant interference, in a number of areas including 3 the ability to learn new tasks; the ability to perform routine tasks without undue 4 5 supervision; the ability to be aware of normal hazards and take appropriate precautions; the ability to communicate and perform effectively in a work setting with limited public 6 contacts; and the ability to maintain appropriate behavior in a work setting (AR. 707). 7 Regarding what plaintiff is able to do despite her impairments, Dr. Neims opined that 8 9 10 plaintiff is “slowed with prominent vegetative symptoms and apparent performance anxiety [and that she is] poorly groomed and seems slow in processing verbal 11 information and expressing her thoughts” (AR. 708). 12 On her mental status examination (“MSE”), plaintiff was unable to perform serial 13 threes or serial sevens, and Dr. Neims opined that plaintiff’s affect was blunted, flat and 14 restricted/constricted; and that her mood was dysphoric and anxious (AR. 713, 715). Dr. 15 Neims opined that plaintiff is “impaired from sustained gainful employment” (AR. 715). 16 17 18 The ALJ noted that when assessing specific functional limitations, Dr. Neims opined that plaintiff could perform simple and routine tasks, and indicated that he provided “good weight” to Dr. Neims’ opinion (AR. 21-22). The ALJ also noted Dr. 19 Neims’ opinion that mental health intervention would be likely to restore or substantially 20 improve plaintiff’s ability to work (AR. 708). 21 22 23 Although defendant contends that “the ALJ adequately accounted for Dr. Neims’ opinions,” defendant does not address plaintiff’s argument that the ALJ failed to cover 24 various areas of functional limitation opined by Dr. Neims (Dkt. 14, p. 5). As noted, Dr. ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 6 1 Neims opined that plaintiff suffered from moderate limitations in multiple areas of 2 functioning (AR. 707; see also AR. 706). The only way in which the ALJ addressed these 3 limitations is by noting that “Dr. Neims wrote that the claimant would have no more than 4 5 moderate limitation in any other area of mental functioning . . . .” (AR. 21). As argued by plaintiff, the ALJ appears to have concluded that moderate limitations do not need to 6 be accounted for at all in the residual functional capacity (“RFC”) (Dkt. 11, pp. 4-5). 7 Indeed, there is no limitation in the RFC reflecting any of the areas in which Dr. Neims 8 9 10 opined that plaintiff suffered from moderate limitation, including the ability to learn new tasks; the ability to perform routine tasks without undue supervision; the ability to be 11 aware of normal hazards and take appropriate precautions; the ability to communicate 12 and perform effectively in a work setting with limited public contacts; and the ability to 13 maintain appropriate behavior in a work setting (AR. 707). 14 To take one example, as noted by plaintiff, because the ALJ found that plaintiff is 15 unable to perform any past relevant work, in order to be able to work, she likely would 16 need to be able to learn new tasks, an area in which Dr. Neims opined that plaintiff 17 18 suffered from moderate limitation (see AR. 24, 707). However, there is no accommodation in plaintiff’s RFC for this limitation (see AR. 15). Instead, the ALJ 19 concluded that plaintiff “is capable of making a successful adjustment to other work that 20 exists in significant numbers in the national economy” (AR. 25). Plaintiff argues that in 21 22 23 doing so, the ALJ indicates that moderate limitations do not need to be accounted for in the RFC and plaintiff argues that the ALJ erred by ignoring Dr. Neims’ opinion regarding 24 plaintiff’s moderate limitations, including her moderate limitation in the ability to learn ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 7 1 new tasks (Dkt. 11, p. 5). This argument is persuasive. So, too, is plaintiff’s argument that 2 the “ALJ treated Dr. Neims’ rating of moderate as having the meaning typically used by 3 Social Security” (Dkt. 11, p. 5 (quoting Scherer-Huston v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., No. 4 5 01:1:14-cv-00688-HZ, 2015 WL 1757145 at *8 (D. Or. Apr. 16, 2015) (“[T]he Social Security Administration defines ‘moderate’ as ‘more than a slight limitation in this area 6 but the individual is still able to function satisfactorily.’”)). However, as noted by 7 plaintiff, on the form utilized by Dr. Neims, “moderate limitation” indicates a “significant 8 9 10 interference” (see AR. 707). Plaintiff’s argument that the ALJ failed to recognize that Dr. Neims’ opinions 11 regarding moderate limitations reflect significant interference is persuasive and is 12 supported by the ALJ’s characterization of these limitations as “no more than moderate;” 13 is supported by the ALJ’s failure to discuss specifically any of these opinions by Dr. 14 Neims regarding significant limitations; and is supported by the ALJ’s failure to include 15 any of these moderate limitations reflecting significant interference into plaintiff’s RFC, 16 despite giving “good weight” to Dr. Neims’ opinion (see AR. 15, 21-22). 17 18 For the reasons stated, the Court concludes that the ALJ erred by giving good weight to Dr. Neims’ opinions, yet failing to discuss specifically any of his opinions 19 regarding moderate limitations or significant interference, and by failing to include any 20 provision in plaintiff’s RFC on the basis of these limitations. The Court also concludes 21 22 23 that this error is not harmless. The Ninth Circuit has “recognized that harmless error principles apply in the 24 Social Security Act context.” Molina v. Astrue, 674 F.3d 1104, 1115 (9th Cir. 2012) ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 8 1 (citing Stout v. Commissioner, Social Security Administration, 454 F.3d 1050, 1054 (9th 2 Cir. 2006) (collecting cases)). Recently the Ninth Circuit reaffirmed the explanation in 3 Stout that “ALJ errors in social security are harmless if they are ‘inconsequential to the 4 5 ultimate nondisability determination’ and that ‘a reviewing court cannot consider [an] error harmless unless it can confidently conclude that no reasonable ALJ, when fully 6 crediting the testimony, could have reached a different disability determination.’” Marsh 7 v. Colvin, 792 F.3d 1170, 1173 (9th Cir. July 10, 2015) (citing Stout, 454 F.3d at 10558 9 10 56). In Marsh, even though “the district court gave persuasive reasons to determine harmlessness,” the Ninth Circuit reversed and remanded for further administrative 11 proceedings, noting that “the decision on disability rests with the ALJ and the 12 Commissioner of the Social Security Administration in the first instance, not with a 13 district court.” Id. (citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(d)(1)-(3)). 14 Here, for example, as noted, Dr. Neims opined that plaintiff suffered from 15 moderate limitation, or significant interference in her ability to learn new tasks, yet the 16 ALJ did not include this limitation in plaintiff’s RFC, and instead found that she “is 17 18 capable of making a successful adjustment to other work [work other than her past relevant work] that exists in significant numbers in the national economy” (AR. 24). A 19 reasonable ALJ, when crediting fully this limitation, as well as the other moderate 20 limitations in areas in which Dr. Neims’ opined that plaintiff suffers from significant 21 22 23 interference in her ability to perform work-related activities, “could have reached a different disability determination.’” See Marsh, 792 F.3d at 1173 (citing Stout, 454 F.3d 24 ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 9 1 at 1055-56). Therefore, the error is not harmless and this matter must be reversed and 2 remanded for reevaluation of the medical evidence. 3 4 5 Based on the record as a whole, the Court concludes that the ALJ, following remand of this matter, must reevaluate all the medical evidence in the record. However, the Court notes briefly some other areas of concern with respect to the medical evidence 6 that should be addressed following remand of this matter. 7 Although both the ALJ and defendant indicate that Dr. Terilee Wingate, Ph.D. 8 9 10 opined that plaintiff “could return to at least some form of gainful employment,” (Dkt. 14, p. 4 (citing AR. 553-55); AR. 21), Dr. Wingate actually opined that “[w]ith mental 11 health treatment [plaintiff] should be able to work” (AR. 554). Dr. Wingate’s opinion that 12 following mental health treatment, plaintiff should be able to work, by necessity, 13 indicates that at the time Dr. Wingate provided her opinion, plaintiff was not yet able to 14 work (see id.). The Court also notes that with respect to the opinions from Dr. Wingate, 15 the ALJ, as he did with the opinions from Dr. Neims, appears to have dismissed her 16 opinions regarding moderate limitations, noting that “Dr. Wingate found that the claimant 17 18 had no more than moderate limitation in any area of mental functioning . . . .” (AR. 21). As with the opinions of moderate limitations from Dr. Neims, the ALJ does not 19 mention specifically any of the opinions from Dr. Wingate regarding moderate 20 limitations even though the form utilized by Dr. Wingate also indicates that moderate 21 22 23 limitations reflect “significant interference” with basic work related activities (see AR. 553). In addition, the ALJ does not appear to account for Dr. Wingate’s self-written 24 opinions (not simply checked boxes) that plaintiff’s “depressed mood will impact her ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 10 1 ability to do routine tasks” and that plaintiff “has difficulty sustaining a daily/weekly 2 work schedule due to depressed mood . . . .” (AR. 553). Regarding what plaintiff can 3 do despite her limitations, Dr. Wingate wrote only that plaintiff can care “for personal 4 5 needs and do[] a few routine tasks on a sporadic basis” (id.). This particular opinion does not appear to support the idea that plaintiff could sustain full time work, as that generally 6 involves performing at least routine tasks on more than a sporadic basis (see id.). The 7 ALJ provided “good weight” to this opinion without including all of Dr. Wingate’s 8 9 10 11 12 opinion regarding moderate limitations into the RFC and without providing any reason to reject the above quoted opinions. (2) Whether or not the ALJ properly evaluated the opinion of Dr. Enid Griffin, Psy.D. Similar to the opinion just discussed from Dr. Wingate, see supra, Dr. Griffin, an 13 examining doctor, indicated her opinion that “at this time from a mental health 14 standpoint, it is likely [plaintiff] would be able to engage in training and/or part-time 15 16 17 employment and return to the work full-time in the future” (AR. 1098). Therefore, both of these doctors’ opinions suggest that it is only in the future that plaintiff would have 18 been able to perform full-time work activities, but that she could not do so 19 contemporaneously with their opinions (see AR. 554, 1098). 20 The ALJ only provided one reason for failing to credit fully the opinion from Dr. 21 Griffin -- “Dr. Griffin did not have the opportunity to review the longitudinal record” 22 (AR. 22). However, as argued by plaintiff, this reliance by the ALJ does not reflect the 23 fact that “Social Security regulations provide that an ALJ should generally give greater 24 ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 11 1 weight to opinions of doctors who have personally examined the claimant,” over those 2 who simply have reviewed “the longitudinal record” (Dkt. 11, p. 7 (citing 20 C.F.R. § 3 404. 1527(c)(1); SSR 96-6p)). See also Lester, supra, 81 F.3d at 830 (An examining 4 5 physician’s opinion is “entitled to greater weight than the opinion of a nonexamining physician”) (citations omitted). In addition, although the ALJ failed to credit fully Dr. 6 Griffin’s opinion by noting that she did not review the longitudinal record, as noted by 7 plaintiff, “the ALJ failed to explain how the longitudinal record contradicted Dr. Griffin’s 8 9 10 opinion” (id. (citing AR. 22)). For the aforementioned reasons, and based on the record as a whole, Court 11 concludes that the ALJ also erred when evaluating the opinion of Dr. Griffin. The Court 12 also finds persuasive plaintiff’s argument that this error, too, is not harmless in “light of 13 Dr. Griffin’s conclusion that [plaintiff] was not capable of full-time work” (Dkt. 11, p. 8 14 (citing Stout, 454 F.3d at 1056)). 15 16 17 18 (3) Whether or not the ALJ properly evaluated the opinions of Dr. Howard Platter, M.D. Defendant acknowledges that Dr. Platter opined that plaintiff “would be limited in her ability to reach in front, to the side, or overhead with her right shoulder” (Dkt. 14, p. 19 9 (citing AR. 93)). The Court notes that defendant admits that the “ALJ gave this opinion 20 [from Dr. Platter] significant weight, but did not include any limitations on reaching in 21 the residual functional capacity finding (id. (citing AR. 15)). Although defendant argues 22 that “this should not be a reason for remanding the case,” the Court disagrees. This error, 23 too, should be corrected following remand of this matter. The ALJ should either adopt 24 ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 12 1 this limitation into plaintiff’s RFC or explain explicitly why it is rejected. See Flores, 49 2 F.3d at 570-71 (quoting Vincent, 739 F.2d at 1395) (the Commissioner “may not reject 3 ‘significant probative evidence’ without explanation”). 4 (4) 5 6 Whether or not the ALJ properly evaluated the opinions of Melissa Fogarty, ARNP. Defendant acknowledges that ARNP Fogarty opined that plaintiff “could probably 7 tolerate a part-time job with limited distractions and public contact” (Dkt. 14, p. 8 (citing 8 AR. 725)). However, unpersuasively, defendant contends that “it is apparent [that] the 9 ALJ saw ARNP Fogarty’s opinions as supporting the residual functional capacity finding, 10 11 12 rather than detracting from it” (id.). As the RFC finding does not include any limitation to part-time work, this contention is without merit. It is unclear how the ALJ’s finding that plaintiff is capable of full-time work is supported by ARNP Fogarty’s opinion that 13 plaintiff probably could tolerate part-time work. This error, too, should be corrected 14 following remand of this matter. See Turner, supra, 613 F.3d at 1224 (quoting Lewis v. 15 16 17 Apfel, 236 F.3d 503, 511 (9th Cir. 2001)); see also Van Nguyen v. Chater, 100 F.3d 1462, 1467 (9th Cir. 1996) (An ALJ may disregard opinion evidence provided by both types of 18 “other sources,” characterized by the Ninth Circuit as lay testimony, “if the ALJ ‘gives 19 reasons germane to each witness for doing so’”). 20 (5) Whether or not the ALJ properly evaluated plaintiff’s credibility. 21 22 The Court already has concluded that the ALJ erred in reviewing the medical 23 evidence and that this matter should be reversed and remanded for further consideration, 24 ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 13 1 see supra, section 1. In addition, the evaluation of a claimant’s statements regarding 2 limitations relies in part on the assessment of the medical evidence. See 20 C.F.R. § 3 404.1529(c); SSR 16-3p, 2016 SSR LEXIS 4. 4 5 In addition, the Court already has noted that when determining whether or not to credit plaintiff’s testimony and allegations, the ALJ relied on a finding that plaintiff told 6 her doctor that she left her last job due to downsizing, but defendant admits that this was 7 an error, as plaintiff told her doctor that she left her last job due to medical problems (see 8 9 10 11 12 13 AR. 19, 1096, Dkt. 14, p. 4). Therefore, plaintiff’s testimony and statements should be assessed anew following remand of this matter. (6) Whether or not the ALJ properly considered all of plaintiff’s impairments. As already noted, the Court already has concluded that the ALJ erred in reviewing the medical evidence and that this matter should be reversed and remanded for further 14 consideration, see supra, section 1. The Court also notes plaintiff’s contention that the 15 ALJ erred in failing to consider all of plaintiff’s impairments, including plaintiff’s 16 17 18 hearing loss, sleep apnea, obesity, and right shoulder impairment (Dkt. 11, pp. 9-12). The Court notes plaintiff’s arguments that the ALJ failed to determine whether or not 19 plaintiff’s sleep apnea was a medically determinable impairment or if it was severe; that 20 the ALJ failed to determine whether or not plaintiff’s obesity was severe; and that the 21 ALJ failed to determine whether or not plaintiff’s right shoulder impairment was a 22 medically determinable impairment or was severe. Plaintiff’s arguments are persuasive, 23 and these errors, too, should be corrected following remand of this matter. 24 ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 14 1 All of plaintiff’s impairments should be assessed anew following remand of this 2 matter. 3 4 5 CONCLUSION Based on these reasons and the relevant record, the Court ORDERS that this matter be REVERSED and REMANDED pursuant to sentence four of 42 U.S.C. § 6 405(g) to the Acting Commissioner for further consideration consistent with this order. 7 JUDGMENT should be for plaintiff and the case should be closed. 8 9 Dated this 5th day of October, 2016. 10 A 11 J. Richard Creatura United States Magistrate Judge 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ORDER ON PLAINTIFF’S COMPLAINT - 15

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