Quinn v. City of Vancouver et al
Filing
312
ORDER ADOPTING IN PART 307 REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION re 308 Objections, signed by Judge Benjamin H. Settle. Defendant City of Vancouver's 265 Motion for Sanctions is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part as follows: Defendant City's re quest for monetary sanctions is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part. Plaintiff shall pay Defendant City $34,790.00 in attorney's fees and $16,053.66 in expenses, which shall be immediately payable, accruing interest at the statutory rat e, but payment may be delayed until a final judgment is rendered in this matter. Further, should there be an award in favor of Plaintiff, that award shall be paid into the registry of the Court for purposes of satisfying any unpaid portions of the award of monetary sanctions. Defendant City's request for dismissal of Plaintiff's claims with prejudice as a sanction is DENIED. (GMR)
1
2
3
4
5
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF WASHINGTON
AT TACOMA
6
7
8
CASE NO. C17-5969 BHS
DEBRA QUINN,
Plaintiff,
9
10
v.
ORDER ADOPTING REPORT
AND RECOMMENDATION IN
PART
CITY OF VANCOUVER, et al.
11
Defendants.
12
13
This matter comes before the Court on the Report and Recommendation (“R&R”)
14
of the Honorable J. Richard Creatura, United States Magistrate Judge, Dkt. 307, and
15
Plaintiff Debra Quinn’s objections to the R&R, Dkt. 308.
16
This matter is a long-running employment discrimination case. Quinn, an attorney,
17
is suing her former employer and client, Defendant City of Vancouver, among others.
18
Quinn’s dilatory and evasive discovery conduct required Judge Creatura to expend
19
substantial Court resources managing the pretrial discovery phase in this case.
20
The R&R is clear, detailed, and comprehensive. It addresses the City’s motion for
21
sanctions, Dkt. 256, and details how throughout discovery in this case Quinn has
22
concealed communications she had with current and former City employees about her
23
24
ORDER - 1
1
claims and theirs against the City. Judge Creatura concludes that both monetary and non-
2
monetary sanctions are warranted based on Quinn’s deposition testimony about her
3
communications with the other claimants and based on the multiple motions and forensic
4
examination of Quinn’s devices the City had to undertake as a result of her misconduct.
Quinn objects, contending that she did not testify falsely or disobey the Court’s
5
6
order in connection with the forensic examination of her devices, and objects to the
7
award of fees and costs as excessive. The City did not respond to Quinn’s objections.
8
I.
DISCUSSION
On non-dispositive orders, the district judge in the case must consider timely
9
10
objections and modify or set aside any part of the order that is clearly erroneous or is
11
contrary to law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 72(a).
12
A.
13
Monetary Sanctions
Judge Creatura recommends requiring Quinn to pay monetary sanctions in the
14
amount of $50,843.66, consisting of $34,790 in attorneys’ fees and $16,053.66 in costs.
15
The attorneys’ fees compensate the City for its partially successful first and third motions
16
to compel, its successful second motion to compel, and the instant motion for sanctions
17
(reflecting Judge Creatura’s recommendation to reduce by 20% for block-billed time).
18
The costs represent the amount incurred in connection with the forensic examination of
19
Quinn’s devices.
20
Quinn has failed to establish that Judge Creatura’s recommendation that monetary
21
sanctions be awarded is either clearly erroneous or contrary to law. She has also failed to
22
establish that the recommended costs and fees are excessive. Her argument that the City
23
24
ORDER - 2
1
misread the scope of the discovery requests, failed to resolve her objections, and then
2
unnecessarily incurred significant costs by seeking a forensic examination of her devices
3
was already considered and rejected by Judge Creatura.
As detailed in the R&R, Quinn delayed and failed to respond to the City’s requests
4
5
for production, repeatedly failed to provide a privilege log, and asserted privileges that
6
did not apply, necessitating court-ordered forensic examination of her devices and a
7
further motion to compel production of the recovered documents and accompanying
8
privilege log. The attorneys’ fees and costs Judge Creatura recommends are
9
compensatory rather than punitive, supported by a clearly-articulated causal link between
10
Quinn’s misconduct and the legal fees and costs paid by the City, and represent only the
11
portion of fees and costs the City would not have paid but for the misconduct. Goodyear
12
Tire & Rubber Co. v. Haeger, 137 S. Ct. 1178, 1186–87 (2017) (citing Mine Workers v.
13
Bagwell, 51 U.S. 821, 826–30 (1994); citing and quoting Fox v. Vice, 563 U.S. 826, 836
14
(2011)). Therefore, Quinn’s objections to the monetary sanctions are denied.
15
B.
16
Failure to Comply with a Court Order
Quinn has similarly failed to establish that Judge Creatura’s conclusion that she
17
failed to obey the Court’s discovery orders is clear error or contrary to law. Quinn argues
18
that she only withheld documents following Court-ordered forensic examination based on
19
the City’s expert’s failure to follow the examination protocol he identified and based on a
20
lack of clarity in the Court’s intent that the broader scope of documents be disclosed.
21
Judge Creatura has carefully considered and rejected Quinn’s basis for withholding these
22
documents. He held oral argument on the City’s second motion to compel compliance
23
24
ORDER - 3
1
with the forensic examination order, affording Quinn a thorough opportunity to present
2
her position. Dkt. 237. Quinn also presented these arguments to Judge Creatura in her
3
opposition to the motion for sanctions. Dkt. 273 at 4–5. Judge Creatura has carefully
4
considered and rejected these arguments, and the Court agrees with his conclusions. They
5
are not clearly erroneous or contrary to law. Therefore, Quinn’s objections to the
6
conclusion that she failed to comply with a court order are denied.
7
C.
8
Deposition Testimony
The City asks the Court to dismiss Quinn’s lawsuit with prejudice as sanction for
9
her discovery misconduct. Judge Creatura correctly concluded that the Court’s discretion
10
to dismiss an action as a sanction is limited and is not warranted in this case. Dkt. 307 at
11
27–28 (citing, among others, Comput. Task Grp., Inc. v. Brotby, 364 F.3d 1112, 1115
12
(9th Cir. 2004); Payne v. Exxon Corp., 121 F.3d 503, 508 (9th Cir. 1997)). Though the
13
Court agrees that the sanction of dismissal is too harsh, the Court finds it necessary to
14
mitigate the prejudice caused by the discovery violations by amending the scheduling
15
order to continue the trial date.
16
Though not specifically requested, Judge Creatura determined that lesser non-
17
monetary sanctions were warranted in lieu of dismissal as Quinn’s discovery conduct has
18
“seriously impaired defendants’ ability to efficiently litigate this matter.” Id. at 29–30
19
(citing, among others, Roadway Exp., Inc. v. Piper, 447 U.S. 752, 763–64 (1980)). He
20
recommends deeming the following facts as admitted under Federal Rule of Civil
21
Procedure 37(c) as a sanction for Quinn’s false deposition testimony and the compelled
22
disclosure of documents inconsistent with that testimony:
23
24
ORDER - 4
1
2
For purposes of this litigation, it shall be deemed admitted that when
plaintiff testified on September 11, 2018, and June 3, 2019, that she had not
encouraged any former or current City of Vancouver employee to file suit
or file a complaint of discrimination against the City, she failed to disclose:
3
a) that she had in fact communicated with former City employee Karen
Reed regarding Ms. Reed’s EEOC complaint; that she had provided
Ms. Reed with City documents and communications in support of
Ms. Reed’s EEOC complaint, and that she had agreed to act as a fact
witness in support of Ms. Reed’s EEOC complaint; and
b) that she had in fact communicated with current City employee Julie
Ballou and encouraged Ms. Ballou to file a complaint with the
EEOC and encouraged Ms. Ballou not to “hold off on any action”
against defendant City.
4
5
6
7
8
Id. at 30–31. This formulation accurately characterizes what transpired.
9
However, Quinn asserts that the R&R erred in concluding she testified falsely. Her
10
arguments parse the deposition questions closely.
11
Quinn’s September 2018 deposition included the following exchange:
12
13
Q: Have you ever encouraged any current employee of the City to file an
internal complaint?
14
A: No.
15
Q: Have you ever encouraged any current City employee to file a lawsuit
against the City claiming discrimination?
16
A: No.
17
18
Q: Have you encouraged any former employee of the City to file a
complaint of discrimination against the City?
19
A: No.
20
Q: Have you ever encouraged any former employee of the City to file a
complaint with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission?
21
A: No.
22
23
24
ORDER - 5
1
Dkt. 244-3 at 2 (emphasis added)
2
Quinn points out that only the first two questions ask about current City
3
employees, relevant to Julie Ballou. Dkt. 308 at 2. Quinn’s messages to Ballou in July
4
2018 include: “I am not sure you should agree to let the City investigate. Just go directly
5
to the EEOC,” Dkt. 285-3 at 1; “Don’t hold off on any action because you want to wait
6
until the investigation is done.” id. at 2.; “One thing to keep in mind is you likely want to
7
file an EEOC complaint within I think 180 days of the action. You have time but keep it
8
in mind,” id.; and “Look at RCW 4.96.020[.] . . . It is critical [your attorney] serves [the
9
tort claim] on the right people,” id. at 3.
10
Quinn contends that she testified truthfully because Ballou was a current
11
employee, and her communications with Ballou relate to an EEOC complaint and a tort
12
claim, rather than an internal complaint or a lawsuit. Of course, a tort claim under RCW
13
4.96.020 is a prerequisite to a tort suit against a local government entity and its agents in
14
Washington. RCW 4.96.020(4). By referring Ballou to the tort claim statute, Quinn did
15
not directly encourage Ballou to file a lawsuit. One purpose of the claim filing procedure
16
it to give the public entity an opportunity to resolve the case prior to a lawsuit being filed.
17
Thus, although Quinn’s answer did not clearly encourage the filing of a lawsuit, she was
18
giving counsel as to what the statutory prerequisite was if Ballou ultimately intended to
19
file a suit. Quinn’s use of the word “action” might be considered synonymous with the
20
word “lawsuit”, as is commonly used in the legal vernacular, but she did not use the word
21
“file.” Further, the word “action” in the context of Quinn’s statement is, at least,
22
23
24
ORDER - 6
1
ambiguous. As a result, the Court cannot conclude that Quinn gave false testimony on
2
this subject.
3
Quinn explains that the second two deposition questions ask only about former
4
employees, relevant to Karen Reed. She contends that since she did not encourage Reed
5
to file a complaint of discrimination against the City or file an EEOC complaint, it is
6
irrelevant that she may have sent documents to Reed, communicated with Reed about her
7
existing EEOC claim, or agreed to be a witness regarding Reed’s EEOC claim. Dkt. 308
8
at 3. Quinn also contends that because Reed filed her EEOC complaint in February 2017,
9
Judge Creatura erred in concluding Quinn’s substantially later email encouraged Reed to
10
11
file her complaint. Id. at 4.1
A deponent is under oath to testify truthfully. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 30(c); Fed. R.
12
Evid. 603. In the most technical sense, Quinn is correct that her answers may be regarded
13
as truthful.
14
Quinn’s objection to Judge Creatura’s characterization of her June 2019 deposition
15
testimony relies on even more tenuous ground. Quinn was asked: “Did you encourage
16
[Karen Reed] to file a lawsuit against the City of Vancouver?” Dkt. 257-2 at 6. She
17
responded: “That was purely her decision. I did not encourage her.” Id. Quinn
18
emphasizes that this question was “only one in a line of some thirty-five detailed question
19
the City asked [Quinn] about her interactions with Ms. Reed.” Dkt. 308 at 4. She again
20
emphasizes that the City did not ask about any of the conduct she admittedly undertook
21
1
22
Quinn references an October 2017 email but appears to reference the September–
November 2018 email string cited in the R&R. See Dkt. 307 at 10 (citing Dkt. 265-12).
23
24
ORDER - 7
1
regarding Reed’s EEOC claim (as opposed to Reed’s lawsuit), such as sharing documents
2
with her and agreeing to be a witness in support of her claim. Id. at 6.
3
Quinn’s position is seriously undermined by Defendant Eric Holmes’s Request for
4
Production No. 13, propounded on December 20, 2018, which requested all
5
communications between Quinn and Reed among others, which related to Quinn’s
6
allegations against the City. Dkt. 257-4 at 2. As Judge Creatura explains, Quinn did not
7
respond to this RFP or produce a responsive privilege log. Dkt. 307 at 6–7. While this
8
RFP related specifically to Quinn’s claims, it is highly likely that timely and proper
9
responses to this RFP would have revealed the existence of Quinn’s communication with
10
Reed about Reed’s claims and permitted the City to better target its questions at the
11
second deposition.
12
In any event, Defendants are well-equipped to demonstrate Quinn’s conduct to
13
compelling effect through cross examination at trial. Cross examination will permit
14
Defendants to fully examine Quinn’s credibility before the jury, rather than in passing
15
through jury instructions. Therefore, the Court does not adopt the R&R as to the non-
16
monetary sanction of facts deemed admitted, despite its serious concern about Quinn’s
17
persistent evasiveness and dilatory conduct during discovery.
18
19
20
21
II. ORDER
The Court having considered the R&R, Plaintiff’s objections, and the remaining
record, does hereby find and order as follows:
(1)
22
23
24
ORDER - 8
The R&R is ADOPTED in part; and
1
(2)
Defendant City of Vancouver’s motion for sanctions, Dkt. 265, is
2
GRANTED in part and DENIED in part as follows:
3
a. Defendant City’s request for monetary sanctions is GRANTED in part
4
and DENIED in part. Plaintiff shall pay Defendant City $34,790.00 in
5
attorney’s fees and $16,053.66 in expenses, which shall be immediately
6
payable, accruing interest at the statutory rate, but payment may be
7
delayed until a final judgment is rendered in this matter. Further, should
8
there be an award in favor of Plaintiff, that award shall be paid into the
9
registry of the Court for purposes of satisfying any unpaid portions of
10
the award of monetary sanctions.
b. Defendant City’s request for dismissal of Plaintiff’s claims with
11
12
13
prejudice as a sanction is DENIED.
Dated this 29th day of March, 2021.
A
14
15
BENJAMIN H. SETTLE
United States District Judge
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
ORDER - 9
Disclaimer: Justia Dockets & Filings provides public litigation records from the federal appellate and district courts. These filings and docket sheets should not be considered findings of fact or liability, nor do they necessarily reflect the view of Justia.
Why Is My Information Online?