Hubbard v. American Medical Systems, Inc. et al
Filing
17
MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER The 13 MOTION by American Medical Systems, Inc. to Dismiss With Prejudice for Failure to Comply With Pre-Trial Orders #19 and #249 is DENIED without prejudice; the plaintiff must serve her completed PFS with verification s and authorizations on AMS, and must file a copy of her PFS with the court by 7/16/2018; the plaintiff is reminded that the PFS and other forms relevant to participating in this MDL are available at http://www.wvsd.uscourts.gov/MDL/amsinc/forms.html ; information on where to submit the PFS is also available on the court's website; failure to comply with this Order may result in dismissal with prejudice upon motion by the defendant. Signed by Judge Joseph R. Goodwin on 6/13/2018. (cc: counsel of record; any unrepresented party) (kab)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
CHARLESTON DIVISION
IN RE:
AMERICAN MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.,
PELVIC REPAIR SYSTEM
PRODUCTS LIABILITY LITIGATION
MDL No. 2325
______
THIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO:
Hubbard v. American Medical Systems, Inc. et al
Civil Action No. 2:12-cv-06784
MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER
Pending before the court is the defendant’s Motion to Dismiss with Prejudice
for Failure to Comply with Pretrial Order #249 [ECF No. 13] filed by American
Medical Systems, Inc. (“AMS”). The plaintiff has not responded, and the deadline for
responding has expired. Thus, this matter is ripe for my review. For the reasons
stated below, the Motion is DENIED without prejudice.
I.
Background
This case resides in one of seven MDLs assigned to me by the Judicial Panel
on Multidistrict Litigation concerning the use of transvaginal surgical mesh to treat
pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. In the six remaining MDLs,
there are more than 16,000 cases currently pending, approximately 500 of which are
in the AMS MDL, MDL 2325.
In an effort to efficiently and effectively manage this MDL, the court decided
to conduct pretrial discovery and motions practice on an individualized basis so that
once a case is trial-ready (that is, after the court has ruled on all summary judgment
motions, among other things), it can then be promptly transferred or remanded to the
appropriate district for trial. To this end, the court placed this and other cases in AMS
Wave 3. Pretrial Order (“PTO”) # 249 [ECF No. 5690], In re: Am. Med. Sys.,
Inc., Pelvic
Repair
Sys.
Prods.
Liab.
Litig.,
No. 2:12-md-02325,
http://www.wvsd.uscourts.gov/MDL/amsinc/orders.html.
Managing multidistrict litigation requires the court to streamline certain
litigation procedures in order to improve efficiency for the parties and the court. Some
of these management techniques simplify the parties’ discovery responsibilities. PTO
# 249, for example, provides that each plaintiff in Wave 3 must submit a completed
Plaintiff Fact Sheet (“PFS”) to defendants by March 19, 2018. PTO # 249, at 2. The
plaintiff, however, did not comply with PTO # 249 in that she failed to submit a
completed PFS within the court-ordered deadline. On this basis, AMS now seeks
dismissal of her case with prejudice.
II.
Legal Standard
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(b)(2) allows a court to sanction a party for
failing to comply with discovery orders. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 37(b)(2) (stating that a
court “may issue further just orders” when a party “fails to obey an order to provide
or permit discovery”). Before levying a harsh sanction under Rule 37, such as
dismissal or default, a court must first consider the following four factors identified
by the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals:
(1) Whether the noncomplying party acted in bad faith; (2)
the amount of prejudice his noncompliance caused his
adversary, which necessarily includes an inquiry into the
materiality of the evidence he failed to produce; (3) the
2
need for deterrence of the particular sort of noncompliance;
and (4) the effectiveness of less drastic sanctions.
Mut. Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass’n v. Richards & Assocs., Inc., 872 F.2d 88, 92 (4th Cir.
1989) (citing Wilson v. Volkswagen of Am., Inc., 561 F.2d 494, 503–06 (4th Cir. 1977)).
In applying these factors to the case at bar, I must be particularly cognizant of
the realities of multidistrict litigation and the unique problems an MDL judge faces.
Specifically, when handling seven MDLs, containing thousands of individual cases in
the aggregate, case management becomes of utmost importance. See In re
Phenylpropanolamine Prods. Liab. Litig., 460 F.3d 1217, 1231 (9th Cir. 2006)
(emphasizing the “enormous” task of an MDL court in “figur[ing] out a way to move
thousands of cases toward resolution on the merits while at the same time respecting
their individuality”). I must define rules for discovery and then strictly adhere to
those rules, with the purpose of ensuring that pretrial litigation flows as smoothly
and efficiently as possible. See id. at 1232 (“[T]he district judge must establish
schedules with firm cutoff dates if the coordinated cases are to move in a diligent
fashion toward resolution by motion, settlement, or trial.”); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 1
(stating that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure “should be construed, administered,
and employed by the court and the parties to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive
determination of every action and proceeding”).
In turn, counsel must collaborate with the court “in fashioning workable
programmatic procedures” and cooperate with these procedures thereafter. In re
Phenylpropanolamine, 460 F.3d at 1231–32. Pretrial orders—and the parties’
compliance with those orders and the deadlines set forth therein—“are the engine
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that drives disposition on the merits.” Id. at 1232. And a “willingness to resort to
sanctions” in the event of noncompliance can ensure that the engine remains in tune,
resulting in better administration of the vehicle of multidistrict litigation. Id.; see also
Freeman v. Wyeth, 764 F.3d 806, 810 (8th Cir. 2014) (“The MDL judge must be given
‘greater discretion’ to create and enforce deadlines in order to administrate the
litigation effectively. This necessarily includes the power to dismiss cases where
litigants do not follow the court’s orders.”).
III.
Discussion
Pursuant to PTO # 249, each plaintiff in AMS Wave 3 was required to complete
and serve a PFS on defendants by March 19, 2018. According to AMS, the plaintiff
failed to submit a completed PFS within the court-ordered deadline. Accordingly,
pursuant to PTO # 249, AMS now moves for dismissal of the plaintiff’s case with
prejudice.
Applying the Wilson factors to these facts and bearing in mind the unique
context of multidistrict litigation, I conclude that although recourse under Rule 37 is
justified, the plaintiff should be afforded one more chance to comply with discovery
before further sanctions are imposed.
The first factor, bad faith, is difficult to ascertain, given that the plaintiff did
not respond. However, this indicates a failing on the part of the plaintiff, who has an
obligation to comply with discovery requests and time deadlines. The plaintiff failed
to comply with PTO # 249 by timely submitting a completed PFS, failed to respond to
AMS’s Motion to Dismiss, and as of today has provided no indication that she intends
4
to submit a PFS. Although these failures do not appear to be callous, the fact that
they were blatant and in full knowledge of the court’s orders and discovery deadlines
leads me to weigh the first factor against the plaintiff. See In re Guidant Corp.
Implantable Defibrillators Prods. Liab. Litig., 496 F.3d 863, 867 (8th Cir. 2007)
(“While not contumacious, perhaps, this is a blatant disregard for the deadlines and
procedure imposed by the court, [and t]herefore, we conclude that the [plaintiff] did
not act in good faith.”).
The second factor—prejudice caused by noncompliance—also leans toward the
order of sanctions. Without a PFS, AMS is “unable to mount its defense because it
[has] no information about the plaintiff or the plaintiff’s injuries outside the
allegations of the complaint.” In re Phenylpropanolamine, 460 F.3d at 1234.
Furthermore, because AMS has had to divert its attention away from timely plaintiffs
and onto this case, the delay has unfairly affected the progress of the remaining
plaintiffs in MDL 2325.
The adverse effect on the management of the MDL as a whole segues to the
third factor, the need to deter this sort of noncompliance. When parties fail to comply
with deadlines provided in pretrial orders, a domino effect develops, resulting in the
disruption of other MDL cases. In addition, the court expects to have to evaluate and
dispose of a significant number of motions similar to the one at bar, thereby directing
its time and resources to noncompliant plaintiffs at the expense of other plaintiffs in
this MDL. This cumbersome pattern goes against the purpose of MDL procedure, and
I must deter any behavior that would allow it to continue. See H.R. Rep. No. 90-1130,
5
at 1 (1967), reprinted in 1968 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1898, 1901 (stating that the purpose of
establishing MDLs is to “assure the uniform and expeditious treatment” of the
included cases).
Application of the first three factors demonstrates that this court is justified in
sanctioning the plaintiff. However, application of the fourth factor—the effectiveness
of less drastic sanctions—counsels against the relief sought by AMS. Rather than
imposing harsh sanctions at this time, the court opts for a lesser sanction and allows
the plaintiff one more chance to comply, subject to dismissal, upon motion by the
defendant, if she fails to do so. This course of action is consistent with PTO # 249,
which warned the plaintiff of the possibility of dismissal with prejudice upon failure
to timely submit a PFS.
Alternative lesser sanctions, such as the ones outlined in Rule 37(b)(2)(i–iv),
are simply impracticable, and therefore ineffective, in the context of an MDL
containing approximately 500 cases. The court cannot spare its already limited
resources enforcing and monitoring sanctions that are qualified by the individual
circumstances of each case, nor would it be fair for the court to place this
responsibility on AMS. Therefore, considering the administrative and economic
realities of multidistrict litigation, I conclude that affording the plaintiff a final
chance to comply with discovery, subject to dismissal with prejudice if she fails to do
so, is a “just order” under Rule 37 and in line with the Federal Rules of Civil
Procedure as a whole. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 1.
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IV.
Conclusion
It is ORDERED that AMS’s Motion to Dismiss [ECF No. 13] is DENIED
without prejudice. It is further ORDERED that, on or before July 16, 2018, the
plaintiff must serve her completed PFS with verifications and authorizations on
AMS, and must file a copy of her PFS with the court. The plaintiff is reminded that
the PFS and other forms relevant to participating in this MDL are available at
http://www.wvsd.uscourts.gov/MDL/amsinc/forms.html. Information on where to
submit the PFS is also available on the court’s website. Failure to comply with this
Order may result in dismissal with prejudice upon motion by the defendant.
The court DIRECTS the Clerk to send a copy of this Order to counsel of record
and any unrepresented party.
ENTER:
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June 13, 2018
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