Graciano et al v. C. R. Bard, Inc. et al
Filing
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MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER denying 17 MOTION by C. R. Bard, Inc. to Dismiss With Prejudice; the plaintiffs have 30 days from the entry of this Order to submit to Bard a completed PFS with verifications and authorizations; and failure to comply with this Order may result in dismissal with prejudice upon motion by Bard, as more fully set forth herein. Signed by Judge Joseph R. Goodwin on 7/26/2017. (cc: counsel of record; any unrepresented party) (brn)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
CHARLESTON DIVISION
IN RE: C. R. BARD, INC.
PELVIC REPAIR SYSTEM
PRODUCTS LIABILITY LITIGATION
MDL NO. 2187
THIS DOCUMENT RELATES TO:
Lizathee Graciano, et al. v. C. R. Bard, Inc.
Civil Action No. 2:13-cv-13245
MEMORANDUM OPINION & ORDER
Pending before the court is defendant C. R. Bard, Inc.’s (“Bard”) Motion to Dismiss With
Prejudice. [ECF No. 17]. The plaintiffs have responded to the motion [ECF No 20], making it ripe
for decision. For the reasons stated below, Bard’s Motion [ECF No. 17] is DENIED.
I.
Background
This case resides in one of seven MDLs assigned to me by the Judicial Panel on
Multidistrict Litigation concerning the use of transvaginal surgical mesh to treat pelvic organ
prolapse and stress urinary incontinence. In the seven MDLs, there are approximately 50,000 cases
currently pending, over 5,000 of which are in the Bard MDL, MDL 2187. Managing multidistrict
litigation (“MDL”) requires the court to streamline certain litigation procedures in order to improve
efficiency for the parties and the court. Some of these management techniques simplify the parties’
responsibilities.
Pretrial Order (“PTO”) # 236 provides that plaintiffs in 333 cases in this MDL, including
this case, were required to submit a Plaintiff Fact Sheet (“PFS”) on or before February 27, 2017.
See PTO # 236 at ¶ A, No. 2:10-md-2187, entered Jan. 27, 2017 [ECF No. 2908]. Pursuant to PTO
# 27, if a plaintiff fails to timely submit a PFS, she “shall have twenty (20) days from receipt of [a
deficiency] letter to serve a PFS.” See PTO # 27 at ¶ 1(h), No. 2:10-md-2187, entered Feb. 14,
2012 [ECF No. 164]. Here, the plaintiffs failed to submit a completed PFS by February 27, 2017
or within twenty days of Bard’s March 2, 2017 deficiency letter. Bard now moves for sanctions
against the plaintiffs for failure to comply with PTO # 27 and PTO # 236, specifically seeking
dismissal of the plaintiffs’ case with prejudice for failure to serve a complete PFS.
II.
Legal Standard
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 37(b)(2) allows a court to sanction a party for failing to
comply with discovery orders. The dismissal of an action is an example of a possible sanction
under this rule. Before employing this severe sanction, however, a court must balance the
competing interests of the “court’s desire to enforce its discovery orders,” on the one hand, and
“the [plaintiff’s] rights to a trial by jury and a fair day in court,” on the other. Mut. Fed. Sav. &
Loan v. Richards & Assocs., 872 F.2d 88, 92 (4th Cir. 1989). The Fourth Circuit has identified
four factors for the court to consider when confronting a motion to dismiss under Rule 37:
(1) Whether the noncomplying party acted in bad faith; (2) the amount of prejudice
his noncompliance caused his adversary, which necessarily includes an inquiry into
the materiality of the evidence he failed to produce; (3) the need for deterrence of
the particular sort of noncompliance; and (4) the effectiveness of less drastic
sanctions.
Id. (citing Wilson v. Volkswagen of Am., Inc., 561 F.2d 494, 503–06 (4th Cir. 1977)).
In applying these factors to the case at bar, I must be particularly cognizant of the realities
of multidistrict litigation and the unique problems an MDL judge faces. Specifically, when
handling seven MDLs, each containing thousands of individual cases, case management becomes
of utmost importance. See In re Phenylpropanolamine Prods. Liab. Litig., 460 F.3d 1217, 1231
(9th Cir. 2006) (emphasizing the “enormous” task of an MDL court in “figur[ing] out a way to
move thousands of cases toward resolution on the merits while at the same time respecting their
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individuality”). I must define rules for discovery and then strictly adhere to those rules, with the
purpose of ensuring that pretrial litigation flows as smoothly and efficiently as possible. See id. at
1232 (“[T]he district judge must establish schedules with firm cutoff dates if the coordinated cases
are to move in a diligent fashion toward resolution by motion, settlement, or trial.”); see also Fed.
R. Civ. P. 1 (stating that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure “should be construed and
administered to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and
proceeding”). In turn, counsel must collaborate with the court “in fashioning workable
programmatic procedures” and cooperate with these procedures thereafter. Id. at 1231–32.
Pretrial orders—and the parties’ compliance with those orders and the deadlines set forth
therein—“are the engine that drives disposition on the merits.” Id. at 1232. And a “willingness to
resort to sanctions” in the event of noncompliance can ensure that the engine remains in tune,
resulting in better administration of the vehicle of multidistrict litigation. Id.; see also Freeman v.
Wyeth, 764 F.3d 806, 810 (8th Cir. 2014) (“The MDL judge must be given ‘greater discretion’ to
create and enforce deadlines in order to administrate the litigation effectively. This necessarily
includes the power to dismiss cases where litigants do not follow the court’s orders.”).
III.
Discussion
Pursuant to PTO # 236, the plaintiffs were required to submit a completed PFS by February
27, 2017. The purpose of the PFS, as was the case in In re Phenylpropanolamine, is “to give each
defendant the specific information necessary to defend the case against it . . . [because] without
this device, a defendant [is] unable to mount its defense because it [has] no information about the
plaintiff or the plaintiff’s injuries outside the allegations of the complaint.” 460 F.3d at 1234. As
of the date of this Order, the plaintiffs have not submitted a complete PFS, making it 150 days late.
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Bard asks the court to dismiss the plaintiffs’ case with prejudice. Applying the Wilson
factors to these facts, and bearing in mind the unique context of multidistrict litigation, I conclude
that although recourse under Rule 37 is justified, the plaintiffs should be afforded one more chance
to comply with discovery before further sanctions are imposed.
The first factor, bad faith, is difficult to ascertain, given that plaintiffs’ counsel has not had
recent contact with the plaintiffs. However, counsel’s inability to contact the plaintiffs is not an
excuse and instead indicates a failing on the part of the plaintiffs, who have an obligation to provide
counsel with any information needed to prosecute their case, including up-to-date contact
information. See Link v. Wabash R.R. Co., 370 U.S. 626, 634 n.10 (1962) (“[A] civil plaintiff may
be deprived of his claim if he failed to see to it that his lawyer acted with dispatch in the prosecution
of his lawsuit.”). Ultimately, the plaintiffs failed to comply with PTO # 236 by timely submitting
a completed PFS. The fact that these failures were blatant and in full knowledge of the court’s
orders and discovery deadlines leads me to weigh the first factor against the plaintiffs. See In re
Guidant Corp. Implantable Defibrillators Prods. Liab. Litig., 496 F.3d 863, 867 (8th Cir. 2007)
(“While not contumacious, perhaps, this is a blatant disregard for the deadlines and procedure
imposed by the court, [and t]herefore, we conclude that the [plaintiffs] did not act in good faith.”).
The second factor—prejudice caused by noncompliance—also leans toward the order of
sanctions. Without a complete PFS, Bard is “unable to mount its defense because it [has] no
information about the plaintiff or the plaintiff’s injuries outside the allegations of the complaint.”
In re Phenylpropanolamine, 460 F.3d at 1234. Furthermore, because Bard has had to divert its
attention away from timely plaintiffs and onto this case the delay has unfairly affected the progress
of the remaining plaintiffs in MDL 2187.
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The adverse effect on the management of the MDL as a whole segues to the third factor,
the need to deter this sort of noncompliance. When parties fail to comply with deadlines provided
in pretrial orders, a domino effect develops, resulting in the disruption of other MDL cases. In
addition, the court expects to have to evaluate and dispose of a significant number of motions
similar to the one at bar, thereby directing its time and resources to noncompliant plaintiffs at the
expense of other plaintiffs in this MDL. This cumbersome pattern goes against the purpose of
MDL procedure, and I must deter any behavior that would allow it to continue. See H.R. Rep. No.
90-1130, at 1 (1967), reprinted in 1968 U.S.C.C.A.N. 1898, 1901 (stating that the purpose of
establishing MDLs is to “assure the uniform and expeditious treatment” of the included cases).
Application of the first three factors demonstrates that this court is justified in sanctioning
the plaintiffs. However, application of the fourth factor—the effectiveness of less drastic
sanctions—counsels against the relief sought by Bard. Rather than imposing harsh sanctions at
this time, the court opts for a lesser sanction and allows the plaintiffs one more chance to comply
with PTO # 236 subject to dismissal with prejudice, upon motion, if the plaintiffs fail to do so.
Alternative lesser sanctions, such as the ones outlined in Rule 37(b)(2)(A)(i–iv), are
impracticable, and therefore ineffective, in the context of an MDL containing over 5,000 cases.
The court cannot spare its already limited resources enforcing and monitoring sanctions that are
qualified by the individual circumstances of each case, nor would it be fair for the court to place
this responsibility on Bard. Therefore, considering the administrative and economic realities of
multidistrict litigation, I conclude that affording the plaintiffs a final chance to comply with
discovery, subject to dismissal with prejudice if they fail to do so, is a “just order” under Rule 37
and in line with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure as a whole. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 1 (stating that
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the Rules “should be construed, administered, and employed by the court and the parties to secure
the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding”).
IV.
Conclusion
It is ORDERED that Bard’s Motion to Dismiss [ECF No. 17] is DENIED. It is further
ORDERED that the plaintiffs have 30 days from the entry of this Order to submit to Bard a
completed PFS with verifications and authorizations. The plaintiffs are reminded that the PFS and
other
forms
relevant
to
participating
in
this
MDL
are
available
at
http://www.wvsd.uscourts.gov/MDL/2187/forms.html. Information on where to submit the PFS is
also available on the court’s website. Failure to comply with this Order may result in dismissal
with prejudice upon motion by Bard.
The court DIRECTS the Clerk to send a copy of this Order to counsel of record and any
unrepresented party.
ENTER:
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July 26, 2017
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