Smith v. Western Regional Jail
Filing
4
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER directing Plaintiff to pay the filing fee of $400 or submit to the Court an amended Application to Proceed Without Prepayment of Fees and Costs, which includes the institutional certification, or an inmate account tr ansaction record; if Plaintiff claims that a person (or persons) acting under color of state law violated his federal civil or constitutional rights, Plaintiff must amend his complaint, as more fully set forth herein. Signed by Magistrate Judge Cheryl A. Eifert on 7/3/2017. (cc: Plaintiff) (mkw)
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF WEST VIRGINIA
HUNTINGTON DIVISION
JAMES ARTHUR SMITH, JR.,
Plaintiff,
v.
Case No. 3:17-cv-03502
WESTERN REGIONAL JAIL,
Defendant.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Pending before the Court is Plaintiff James Arthur Smith Jr.’s (“Smith”)
Application to Proceed Without Prepayment of Fees and Costs, (ECF No. 1), and Smith
Complaint filed pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 1983, (ECF No. 2). The undersigned notes that
the Application to proceed in forma pauperis is incomplete. Before the Application can
be accepted for review, the institution of incarceration must complete the certificate
located at the bottom of page 2 of the Application, or Smith must submit a transaction
record of his inmate account. For that reason, Smith is hereby ORDERED to pay the
filing fee of $400 or submit to the Court an amended Application to Proceed Without
Prepayment of Fees and Costs, which includes the institutional certification, or an inmate
account transaction record.
In keeping with 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2), the undersigned has conducted a
preliminary review of Smith’s complaint to determine if the action is frivolous, fails to
state a claim upon which relief may be granted, or seeks monetary relief from a defendant
who is immune from such relief. Although pro se complaints, such as the one filed in this
case, must be liberally construed to allow the development of potentially meritorious
claims, the court may not rewrite the pleading to include claims that were never
presented, Parker v. Champion, 148 F.3d 1219, 1222 (10th Cir. 1998), develop the
plaintiff’s legal theories for him, Small v. Endicott, 998 F.2d 411, 417-18 (7th Cir. 1993),
or “conjure up questions never squarely presented” to the court. Beaudett v. City of
Hampton, 775 F.2d 1274, 1278 (4th Cir. 1985). At the same time, to achieve justice, the
court may allow a pro se plaintiff the opportunity to amend his complaint in order to
correct deficiencies in the pleading. Gordon v. Leeke, 574 F.2d 1147, 1151 (4th Cir. 1978).
In order to state a cause of action for money damages under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, a
plaintiff must show that a person was acting under color of state law and deprived the
plaintiff of a federally protected civil right, privilege, or immunity. Perrin v. Nicholson,
2010 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 105121, at *4 (D.S.C. 2010); American Mfr. Mut. Ins. Co. v.
Sullivan, 526 U.S. 40, 50-52 (1999). For the most part, liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 is
personal in nature, based upon a defendant’s own constitutional violation. Monell v.
Department of Social Services of the City of NY, 436 U.S. 658, 694. Here, Smith has only
named the Western Regional Jail as a defendant. However, the Jail is not a “person”
subject to liability under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
Therefore, if Smith claims that a person (or persons) acting under color of state law
violated his federal civil or constitutional rights, he must amend his complaint to name
the individual or individuals and to state precisely what civil or constitutional right each
individual violated. If Smith is unaware of the names of the relevant individuals, he shall
designate in the case caption each individual whose name is unknown as a John Doe or
Jane Doe (e.g. Correctional Officer John Doe) and shall further identify each
individual in the body of the complaint by description, date/time of contact, alleged act,
or in some other manner that assists the court in determining the identity and number of
individual defendants in the action, as well as the specific reason that each individual
defendant is included in the complaint. To the extent Smith knows partial names, he shall
include those parts (e.g. Correctional Officer Thomas LKU (‘last name unknown”)).
Smith is hereby given notice that a failure to amend the complaint as ordered may
result in a recommendation that the complaint be dismissed for failure to state a claim
cognizable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 and/or for failure to prosecute under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41
and L. R. Civ. P. 41.1. Smith is also reminded of his obligation to promptly notify the Clerk
of Court of any change in his address.
The Clerk is instructed to provide a copy of this order to Plaintiff.
ENTERED: July 3, 2017
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