Nokia Corporation v. Apple Inc.

Filing 57

Disregard; see 61 . Modified on 12/20/2010 (jas).

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Pt; OPM1 t$ Wno" ARM"' Nokia Corporation v. Apple Inc. Doc. 57 Att. 6 ~M accor 01IM4 V ini ..... AMOMk4'~ F- )to4 F~Anew type of information aplance promises a digital *A~J~s44FSea "r.7ipae messages, 9ojiitenappointments,' t rjNegiI. rescriptions~ MAgALESOM P P.Pence S ~ -T Dockets.Justia.com % Newton's intelflgent software makes the device mor akin to an assistant than an electronic organizer or a personal computer. Newton and lmarns key phrases such as to assist youor "remind tasks. that," eakes simple assumptions laox this," with such me of For exampie, say you lot down a letter to Larry, followed by the phrase "format tXs." Newton will select a business form letter from menmory and automatically format the letter with tarry's address pulled fromz your electronic address hook. New you want to fax the letter? Hook Newton up to a fax machine write "fax this to Larry' an the screen, and the device will automnaticallyr churn out a fax cover letter, fill in the appropriate cover Information, pull up Larry's fax number, and seni7the fox. Seven kon buttons located along the bottom of the notepad screen Issue commands when you touch them with the electronic stylus. Each batton trigers di ffereunt functions, such as the calendar and buttons may change before the product the phone book. While theyactualWho, What, When, Find, Format, Send, are: issold, at presen and Assist. Press "Who' to access your address book "Whit' opens up your to-do list; 'When," your caleader 'nrd checks for messages, "Format" turns notes into a business letter 'Send" faxes a letter tooa colleague. Confused? Press "Assist" for help. Touch a certain day or week on the calender with the pen, and that dayso week will he highlighted and enlage to full-screen-size for easier viewing. Drawna square, then scribble out one corner, and that cerner isinstantly ersed. Or write 2 + 4=, and the answer instantly appears on the screen. '' cacalledNewtondoesn't looklike much. Well, looks can be deceiving. This seemingly plain-Jane gadget may be the breakthrough information device of the decade: -Mhe big idea is that it' not a tool, it's an assistant," he says. "A tool is a lawn mower An assistant is when you ton's designers at Apple Computer can't help but gush about plans for an entire faiyof so-called Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) that will someday be as ubiquitous as radios and televisions--only far more powerful, interactive, and usefuL. At a glitzy unveiling in Chicago earlier this year, John Sculley, Apple's chairman, slipped one from his coat pocket as if uncovering a precious gem. The lights dimmed and a drunaroll. snapped to a finish as Sculley attempted to define the world according to Newton. 46 - POPULAI WCiN CESEPTEMBER 1992 hire someone else to cut the grass." As a digital aide-do-camp, Newton represents Apple's boldest technological innovation since the company redefined the idea of the personal computer with its revolutioliary Macintosh eight years ago. Wrapping advanced hardware and sophisticated software in a portable package that presumably anyone can use and appreciatewithout a stack of instruction manuals-Newton is at once the electronic answer to the informationally, over- heated '90s, and a potential two-way access point for the digital era that looms beyond& Don't mistake the fledgling PDA with a general-purpose pen-based computer or a super-high-end pocket organizer, although Apple's PDA is obviously a successor to ' , Ni " t 6oth. The heart of Newton is its ability to recognize printed handwriting and graphics, organize that information, and communict it to others. Apple's PDA is remarkably user-friendly--as simple to use as a pen and paper Instead ofjotting down reminders on yellow sticky notes, or writing grocery lists, phone messages, and business appointments elsewhere, Apple's PDA is designed to centralize all of this information and store it in one place. Everything you write on a PDA screen is stored independently in a collection of data. Newton organizes these seemingly disparate pieces of information-and makes them much more accessible. By storing data in this way, Newton lets you look up, say, everything related to your income taxes or everything that relates to ~Bob Greene. It can associate "Bob" in your PDA calendar with "Bob" in the machine's address book~ Information can also be customized: For instance, if you want to add a space for birthdays in your electronic address FOUR FUTURE FACES OF NEWON SPL AN STOR -spell VS Children could learn to sketch and write while the Newton draw-andcorrects spelling along the way. Games, lessons, or a child's drawings could be stored in memory. k book, you can do so just as you would on paper. Apple's PDA can be upgraded with plug-in "smart" and memory cards. These might convert a PDA notepad into a reference library, a travel navigator, a language translator, a receiver for paging-type messages, or an electronic copy of War and Peace, for example. Apple has formed the Personal Interactive Eletronics division, or "Apple Pie," to develop PDAs and other gadgets for the digital age of the future. PDAs will have a built-in fatsimile and data modem. Apple has teamed up with SkyTel, which runs a satellite paging network, so that a PDA equipped with a special integrated-circuit (IC) card could receive electronic mail from almost anywhere on the globe. "Moving information around and sharing ideas is what Newton is all about," says Sculley. 'relecommunications are as important to Newton as graphics were to the initial Mac." ELC0OI ewton machines can also communicate easily The Newton facsimile/phone could store your entire phone list or print the name and number of a caller immediatey. If the person you are talking to has a Newton fax/ phone you could share notes, or fax them. MAP AN MOR' with other data devices either by infrared sig- EUnals or by outboard fax/modems. The device's electronic "in-box" can contain electronic-mail messages, and the electronic "out-box" can store outgoing information, such as a fax being held until it is sent at a certain time. With the push of a button you can send or receive information to or from other PDAE; or Newton-compatible devices. You can unplug and re-plug Newton without destroying a network. Traveling Software, a portable communications software company in Bothell, Wash., is supplying software for Newton that permits data exchanges between PDAs and personal computers. * I~ 7~I 1J ) ?nologyngwith global-positioni satellites could enable you to find your location anyserting memory cards for particular regions would let you explore specific streets, restaurants, or museums. mating Newton tech- c-i >4; or Hewlett-Packa rd's palmitop computer, the 951X, already has blazed the wireless data communications '4 path through a link with Motorola's so-called new stream receiver Metriplex, a communications company in Cambridge, Mass., has announced a leasing program for a 95LX, the Motorola receiver, and Metriplex's own DataPulse software that enables you to receive and automatically track financial data. Newton is the inaugural manifestation of a technological concept that Apple has been hinting about since the '80s. Four years ago Sculley introduced Apple's Knowledge Navigator concept in a video produced by Star Wars creator George Lucas. The Navigator featured, among other things, a built-in "digital assistant"-represented by a face on the screen-that took notes, gave messages, and answered questions through spoken commands. The best computer never built conducted re~'search in distant databases on its own and displayed full N.,, In classrooms equipped with Newton boards and desks, teachers could save notes or bring up stored lessons on the board, while students view them on their desk screens via wireless networks. -- - v'S > POPULAR SCIENCE SEPTEMBER 1992 - 47 BATT available late this year or in early 1993 for between $600 and $700. The model 'tan transfer information to a computer or another Wizard.without cables or wired connections as long as both machines are within sight of each other. While the OZ-9600 stores anything you write on the screen directly, its sister model, the PV-Fl Action Manager, has character-recognition capabilities that translate crude printing into computer characters. The PV-Fl costs about $1,000 in Japan. In addition, Tandy Corp. in Fort Worth, Texas, and Casio Computer Co. in Tokyo are jointly developing Personal Information Processors for next year with a target price of about $500. These devices will be similar to PDAs but will have less horsepower and longer battery life, claims Tandy. Casio and Tandy are adapting GeoWork's GEOS, an existing graphical operating system already used in personal computers, to the upcoming lightweight devices. Additional details on this so-called PIP are yet to come. Richard Shaffer, a veteran incdustry analyst who has been tracking the new gadgets, believes the differences between Newton machines, other organizers, and peninput computers lie almost exclusively in the concept behind the product. "A lot of people are sort of throwing hardware out here and Sharp isintroducing its pen-based OZ-9600 (above) Inthe United States and th, more-expensive seeing what people will buy," he Japa, a separate pen-input machine that accepts function cards designed PV-Fi Action Manager in says. "The thing about Newton is it for the company's Wizard electronic organizers, has the same kind of 'gosh-that'sgreat appear' that makes shoppers lust after gadgets in multimedia capabilities and a built-in videophone, Apple's first PDA model, priced at "less than $1,000," Sharper Image catalogs and stores. By making the mashould arrive in stores early next year at a time when chine look and feel like a notepad, people will immediemerging electronics technologies promise exciting new ately get the idea of it, and that's part of the appeal." Paul Saffo, a research fellow at the Institute of the Fuoptions. Digital technology, with its ability to store and retrieve massive amounts of data, offers new opportunities ture in Menlo Park, Calif., classifies Apple's PDA as an for both accessing information and interacting with other information appliance. "It's a new product category that people. The communications industry is rapidly expand- combines the information richness we associate with ig wireless networks and boosting the capacities of wire computers with the low cost, convenience, ease of use, telephone links. Sculley stresses that widespread digital- and ultra-portability associated with consumer electroncommunications networks will be as important to creat- ics," he says. "Things acceptable in the computing enviing a new industry of PDAs in the 1990s as the IC was in ronment are utterly unacceptable in information aplaunching personal computers in the late 1970s. PDAs pliances, such as having to switch applications or would enable you to transmit and receive fax messages remember file names." This new product category requires a fresh outlook and and serve as data terminals for other text, voice, and even perhaps should be viewed from its interface, such as a video information such as picture-phone communications, write-on screen, inward, and not as a collection of techwill eventually find other choices in stores too. nqlogies, which is how the personal computer is viewed. Apple has licensed Newton technology to Sharp Acceptance of personal computers lies in how software Consumer Electronics in Japan. Sharp will offer its transforms them from general-purpose machines to tools own models, in addition to making PDAs for Apple. Ap- with specific features and capabilities. "The success of pie has also teamed up with Toshiba to produce special these new appliances lies in how the pieces work togethPDAs capable of playing CD-ROMs, which add advanced er," says Saff'o. A significant difference between Newton devices and graphics, video, and audio capabilities ("Multimedia," Dec. '911. Sharp has added a pen as well as other ameni- current electronic organizers or personal computers is ties, including a touch-screen and wireless communica- that Newton technology uses a 32-bit ARM 610 RISC tions to its line of Wizard electronic organizers ["Elec- (reduced-instruction-set-computing) processor. This spetronics Newsfront," Jan. '89]. The OZ-9600 will be cially designed chip packs the performance of personal - You 48 * POPULAR SCIENCE SEPTEMBER 1992 * * computers equipped with the most powerful microprocessors. The RISC chip, which consumes the equivalent energy of a small flashlight, enables the Newton machine to perform a number of simple instructions, such as those needed to quickly recognize your printing ["Next-Generation PCs," April]. RISC chips are current*ly used in high-speed workstations for scientific and engineering applications. Four AAA batteries are expected to power the Newton-based notepad for an estimated eight hours. To expand its functions, Apple's one-pound notepad has a PCMCIA (Personal Computer Memory Card International Association) 2.0 card slot for memory and smart-card applications ["New Breed Notebooks," April]. The machine also has a high-performance 32-bit electronic bus, or shared path for data. These IC cards, which offer between 1 and 20 megabytes of memory expansion-as much as some hard-disk drives-let you plug in prerecorded packages, such as electronic books. Data from cards can also be transferred into your personal computer. Random House, another of Apple's selected partners, will create book titles for the cards. In the future, IC cards could make it possible for Newton to understand * foreign languages. While the first-generation Newton will recognize only print and graphics, "technologies can be plugged in as they arise, such as cursive recognizers, so the machine will understand cursive writing eventually as well," explains Larry Tesler, vice president of Apple's advanced products group. on-screen control icons serve as "scrollers," which seemmimic reality: electronic roll of paperNewton's to move an Arrows located next to up and down. Apple has added some of its hallmark sound effects as well: You hear paper crumple and hit the trash when you delete a document. Drawers open and close with a thunk when you file a document in Newton's electronic file cabinet. Improved handwriting recognition also helps. Newton's handwriting recognition operates with groups of software "recognizers." Says Michael Tchao, manager of product marketing for the Newton group: "There are a team of recognizers, each with a different specialty. One team recognizes text, another graphics, or musical notes." The advantage here is that you can write more naturally than you could with current pen-input devices that don't use concurrent recognizers. In addition, if you write an "a" that looks like an "e," the notepad creates a recognizer for your "a" so it can be translated in the future. The machine "cleans up" your handwritn -'0 V'5 PDAs where on the notepad as rapidly as you like. Apple's PDA also recognizes the spatial relationship of items on a page, which is ideal for mathematical equations, time lines, and flow charts. If you prefer notes with a handwritten appearance or dislike perfectly parallel parallelograms, the cleanup feature can be overridden. Text and graphics can be combined without opening menus or cutting and pasting, steps that are necessary on most graphically oriented computers. If you draw a map, you can then label the street, just as you would on a notepad. To create a document, simply draw a line under what you've written and it's saved and filed in memory. "Think of Newton's screen as a continuous scroll of paper," explains Tchao. "You tear off sheets with a line as you go." Newton's intelligent assistance capabilities make the device a helper rather than simply an organizer because it learns how you work (see Newton: The Information Taskmaster). Scribble a reminder to yourself-say, lunch with Bob, Monday" on the screen-and the device logs the correct dlate and time into its calendar memory In the near future, Apple aims to customize the machines even further by selling unique software to make them more useful. "Any profession has a standard set of forms. A doctor's Newton would look different from a lawyer's Newton," says Tchao. For instance, a doctor's Newton might be prescription-based, while a lawyer's Newton would contain legal documents. Artists, landscapers, architects, or anyone who is graphically oriented could make use of floor plans or blueprints stored in the device. "If a picture tells a thousand words, this is a great way to say it," says Thhao. Its and graphics, transforming them into neat text, graphs, and charts, Newton approximates the size of your handwriting, and you can write any,Sony Corp.'s PTC-300 PolnmT*p (right), avadlull inJapan, uses Motorola's MC68000 processor. System software creates daily, monthly, or yearly agendas that track Your appointmnts. Another now product entry, Sony's pocket-size PIC300 computer, just released inJapan, also contain specialized software that tronsfirs eitered informatlion immediately into apersonal dlatobs% and tracks pening a and conpleted appointments by making a checlst far you. The PTC-300 is snidler version of Sony's initial pen-input Palnmlop ["Computers Without Keys,' Aug. '901. ' 4' '--. - FOPULAR SCIENCE SEPIEMIER 1991 - 49

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