USA v. Jose Nunez-Robles

Filing

Opinion issued by court as to Appellant Jose Rene Nunez-Robles. Decision: Affirmed. Opinion type: Non-Published. Opinion method: Per Curiam. The opinion is also available through the Court's Opinions page at this link http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions.

Case: 16-15425

Date Filed: 03/24/2017

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[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
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No. 16-15425
Non-Argument Calendar
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D.C. Docket No. 0:16-cr-60098-WPD-1

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
JOSE RENE NUNEZ-ROBLES,
Defendant-Appellant.
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Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of Florida
________________________
(March 24, 2017)
Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, MARTIN and ANDERSON, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:

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Jose Nunez-Robles pleaded guilty to one count of reentry of a deported
alien. After granting him a one month downward departure, the district court
sentenced Nunez-Robles to 40 months in prison. He contends that his sentence
was substantively unreasonable.
Taking into account Nunez-Robles’ acceptance of responsibility and prior
felony conviction for possession with intent to distribute, the presentence
investigation report in this case indicated that his advisory guideline range was 41
to 51 months in prison. Nunez-Robles did not dispute that calculation. Instead, he
requested a downward departure based on his “cultural assimilation” under
U.S.S.G. § 2L1.2 cmt. n.9 (2015) and a downward variance based on the factors
listed in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a).
In support of his request for a downward departure and downward variance,
Nunez-Robles indicated that he was originally brought to the United States at the
age of seven (he was thirty-six at the time of sentencing). He went to school in
America before dropping out after the 11th grade, married a United States citizen,
and had two children with her. He resided continuously in the United States until
he was first deported in February 2008. His family and friends are in this country.
Nunez-Robles also pointed out that he re-entered the United States to reunite with
his family and that his offense amounted to “at most, an international trespass.”
He argued that he was not a danger to the community, had been working, and
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would be adequately deterred from future illegal conduct by a sentence of 24
months in prison.
The district court granted his request for a downward departure, but only
departed from the advisory guideline range by one month, sentencing NunezRobles to 40 months in prison instead of 41. He appeals. He contends that his
sentence was substantively unreasonable because the district court should have
departed or varied further downward based upon his strong ties to the United States
and the § 3553(a) factors. We disagree.
Initially, to the extent Nunez-Robles seeks to challenge the reasonableness
of the district court’s downward departure standing alone, he cannot do so. “This
Court lacks jurisdiction to review a district court’s discretionary refusal to grant a
downward departure, unless the district court incorrectly believed that it lacked the
statutory authority to depart from the guideline range.” United States v. Norris,
452 F.3d 1275, 1282 (11th Cir. 2006). If we lack jurisdiction to consider whether
the district court erred by refusing to grant any departure, it follows that we lack
jurisdiction to consider whether it should have granted a bigger one. As a result,
we consider only Nunez-Robles’ contention that his sentence as a whole, including
the downward departure, was substantively unreasonable.
We review the substantive reasonableness of the district court’s sentence for
an abuse of discretion, Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 51, 128 S. Ct. 586, 597
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(2007), and “[t]he party challenging the sentence bears the burden to show it was
unreasonable in light of the record and the [18 U.S.C.] § 3553(a) factors,” United
States v. Tome, 611 F.3d 1371, 1378 (11th Cir. 2010). “[W]e are to vacate the
sentence if, but only if, we are left with the definite and firm conviction that the
district court committed a clear error of judgment in weighing the § 3553(a) factors
by arriving at a sentence that lies outside the range of reasonable sentences dictated
by the facts of the case.” United States v. Irey, 612 F.3d 1160, 1190 (11th Cir.
2010) (en banc) (quotation marks omitted).
“In general, the district court is not required to state on the record that it has
explicitly considered each of the § 3553(a) factors or to discuss each of the
§ 3553(a) factors. . . . It is sufficient that the district court considers the
defendant’s arguments at sentencing and states that it has taken the § 3553(a)
factors into account.” United States v. Sanchez, 586 F.3d 918, 967 (11th Cir.
2009) (quotation marks and citation omitted). “Although we do not automatically
presume a sentence within the guidelines range is reasonable, we ordinarily . . .
expect a sentence within the [g]uidelines range to be reasonable.” United States v.
Hunt, 526 F.3d 739, 746 (11th Cir. 2008) (quotation marks omitted) (first
alteration in original).
In this case, the district court expressly stated that it considered the
§ 3553(a) factors. And its consideration of a couple of the factors is apparent from
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the record of the sentence hearing. During the course of the government’s
argument, the district court made clear that it did not think much weight should be
given to several of Nunez-Robles’ prior arrests because he ultimately was not
convicted on those charges. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1) (requiring the district
court to consider “the history and characteristics of the defendant”). He also
considered the nature of Nunez-Robles’ past convictions. See id. He considered
Nunez-Robles’ ability to pay the fines that he imposed. See id. § 3553(a)(2)
(requiring the district court to consider “the kinds of sentences available”). And he
clearly considered the mitigating evidence concerning Nunez-Robles’ “cultural
assimilation” in the United States, because he granted a downward departure, even
though he determined that “not much of one” was appropriate. See id.
§ 3553(a)(1).
We cannot say that the district court made a “clear error in judgment” by
balancing the factors as he did, regardless of whether we would have struck the
same balance ourselves. Gall, 552 U.S. at 51, 128 S. Ct. at 597 (“The fact that the
appellate court might reasonably have concluded that a different sentence was
appropriate is insufficient to justify reversal of the district court.”); Irey, 612 F.3d
at 1190. This is especially so in light of the fact we “expect a sentence” below “the
[g]uidelines range to be reasonable,” even if we do not “presume” that it is. See

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Hunt, 526 F.3d at 746 (quotation marks omitted). As a result, the district court’s
sentence was not substantively unreasonable.
AFFIRMED.

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