Minli Wang v. U.S. Attorney General

Filing

Opinion issued by court as to Petitioner Minli Wang. Decision: Affirmed. Petition Denied. Opinion type: Non-Published. Opinion method: Per Curiam. The opinion is also available through the Court's Opinions page at this link http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions.

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[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
________________________
No. 16-17563
Non-Argument Calendar
________________________
Agency No. A205-735-627

MINLI WANG,
Petitioner,
versus
U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Respondent.
________________________
Petition for Review of a Decision of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
________________________
(October 27, 2017)
Before TJOFLAT, WILLIAM PRYOR, and JULIE CARNES, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:

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Petitioner Minli Wang, a native and citizen of China, petitions for review
from the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) order affirming the Immigration
Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of her application for asylum. Petitioner argues that
substantial evidence does not support the BIA’s and IJ’s adverse credibility
determination. After careful review, we deny the petition for review.
I.

BACKGROUND
A.

Initiation of Removal Proceedings

On August 29, 2012, Petitioner was admitted to the United States on a
visitor’s visa with permission to remain in the United States until February 28,
2013. On February 27, 2013, one day before her visa expired, Petitioner filed an
application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention
Against Torture (“CAT”), alleging that she feared persecution in China on account
of her political opinion. She listed her husband and minor son as beneficiaries.
In a statement attached to her application, Petitioner stated that she became
pregnant with her first son in 2009. She was not yet married and because having a
child out of wedlock violated China’s family planning policy, she gave birth to him
in Hong Kong. She later returned to mainland China, and once married, she
became pregnant with her second child in 2012. Because it was also a violation of
the family planning policy to have a second child, she escaped to the United States
to avoid an induced labor and forced sterilization. She recounted that her former
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classmate’s wife had become pregnant in violation of the family planning policy
and had been forced to have an induced labor and was later forcibly sterilized.
Petitioner explained that she and her husband would like to have more children but
feared she would be forcibly sterilized if she returned to China.
On April 24, 2013, Petitioner’s asylum application was referred to an IJ,
and, on the same day, the Department of Homeland Security issued Petitioner a
notice to appear (“NTA”), charging her with removability under 8 U.S.C.
§ 1227(a)(1)(B), for remaining in the United States for a longer period of time than
permitted. At the master calendar hearing, Petitioner conceded removability and
indicated that she would be going forward on her asylum application.
In May 2014, Petitioner submitted an additional statement, claiming that she
had an abortion in China in 1999, which her husband did not know about.
Petitioner submitted yet another statement in March 2015, in which she described
the details of the abortion, stating that two family planning officials came to her
home, knocked on the door, and took her to the hospital where she underwent a
“painful” abortion. She also stated that she had recently suffered a miscarriage in
2015 that may have been caused by her stress.
B.

Merits Hearing

At the merits hearing, Petitioner testified that in 1999, she was forced to
undergo an abortion after her coworker suggested that she might be pregnant. She
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was 22 years old and not married at the time. After Petitioner’s supervisor
confronted her about violating China’s birth control policy, two officials from the
birth control bureau came to her home the next morning, forced the door open,
took her to the hospital, and compelled her to have an abortion. She now has two
children with her husband. She became pregnant with her elder son prior to her
marriage, so she gave birth to him in Hong Kong to avoid China’s family planning
policy. She had her younger son in the United States because she feared being
forced to have an abortion. If Petitioner returned to China and tried to register her
youngest child, she would be fined for violating the family planning policy and
would be forcibly sterilized.
Petitioner’s husband, Paquan Wang, testified that he came to the United
States in 2012 as a tourist and intended to apply for asylum based on his wife’s
previous abortion. Upon further questioning, he stated that he did not learn about
his wife’s abortion until 2014. He then changed his story, stating that he was
aware of his wife’s abortion when he came to the United States in 2012, only to
change his story again, and state that he did not learn about the abortion until 2014.
C.

IJ and BIA Decisions

Following the hearing, the IJ denied Petitioner’s applications for asylum,
withholding of removal, and CAT relief. The IJ found Petitioner not to be credible
based on inconsistencies in her testimony and her written statements, in addition to
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discrepancies between her testimony and that of her husband. The IJ further
determined that Petitioner had failed to provide sufficient corroborating evidence
to support her claim that she suffered past persecution based on her forced
abortion. The IJ also concluded that Petitioner had not independently established a
well-founded fear of future persecution. Finally, the IJ denied Petitioner’s
applications for withholding of removal and CAT relief.
Petitioner appealed to the BIA,1 and the BIA affirmed the IJ’s decision. The
BIA determined that the record supported the IJ’s adverse credibility finding, and
the IJ cited specific and cogent reasons for her credibility determination. The BIA
also noted that Petitioner had waived any issue related to the IJ’s denial of her
applications for withholding of removal and CAT relief, as well as the IJ’s
determination that she had failed to corroborate her claim and that she did not
demonstrate a well-founded fear of future persecution. 2
II.

DISCUSSION
A.

Standard of Review

We review the BIA’s decision as the final judgment, except where the IJ’s
decision has been expressly adopted by the BIA. Carrizo v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 652
1

In her brief to the BIA, Petitioner challenged only the IJ’s denial of her asylum claim based on
the adverse credibility determination.
2

To the extent Petitioner presents any arguments before this Court related to these issues, she
failed to exhaust those issues by not raising them before the BIA. See Amaya-Artunduaga v.
U.S. Att’y Gen., 463 F.3d 1247, 1250–51 (11th Cir. 2006).
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F.3d 1326, 1300 (11th Cir. 2011). We also review the IJ’s decision to the extent
that the BIA adopted its reasoning or found the IJ’s reasons to be supported by the
record. Seck v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 663 F.3d 1356, 1364 (11th Cir. 2011). Here,
because the BIA issued its own decision, we review the BIA’s decision. However,
because it agreed with several aspects of the IJ’s reasoning, we review the IJ’s
decision to the extent of that agreement. See id.
We review factual findings, including credibility determinations, for
substantial evidence. Forgue v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 401 F.3d 1282, 1286 (11th Cir.
2005). Under the substantial evidence test, we must affirm a determination “if it is
supported by reasonable, substantial, and probative evidence on the record
considered as a whole.” Id. (quotation omitted). We view the evidence in the light
most favorable to the agency’s decision, drawing all reasonable inferences in favor
of that decision. Id. Stated another way, we cannot overturn a finding of fact
unless the record compels it. Id. at 1287.
B.

Adverse Credibility Determination

An applicant for asylum must meet the Immigration and Nationality Act’s
(“INA”) definition of refugee. 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(A). A refugee is an
individual who cannot return to her home country due to “persecution or a wellfounded fear of persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, membership
in a particular social group, or political opinion.” Id. § 1101(a)(42)(A). To
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establish eligibility for asylum, an applicant must demonstrate either past
persecution, or a well-founded fear of future persecution, based on one of the five
statutorily-protected grounds. Ruiz v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 440 F.3d 1247, 1257 (11th
Cir. 2006). If the applicant demonstrates past persecution, there is a rebuttable
presumption that she has a well-founded fear of future persecution. Id.
An applicant’s testimony, if credible, alone can be sufficient to sustain the
applicant’s burden of proof, even without corroborating evidence. Forgue, 401
F.3d at 1287; 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(ii). Pursuant to the REAL ID Act of 2005,
the IJ is to consider the totality of the circumstances in making a credibility
determination, including: (1) the applicant’s demeanor, candor, or responsiveness;
(2) the plausibility of the applicant’s account; and (3) inconsistencies, inaccuracies,
or falsehoods related to the applicant’s statements, witnesses’ statements, and other
evidence in the record, regardless of whether they relate to the heart of the
applicant’s claim. 3 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii). “Once an adverse credibility
finding is made, the burden is on the applicant alien to show that the IJ’s credibility
decision was not supported by specific, cogent reasons or was not based on
substantial evidence.” Ruiz, 440 F.3d at 1255 (quotations and alteration omitted).

3

Because Petitioner filed her asylum application on February 27, 2013, the READ ID Act
governs her claim. See Chen v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 463 F.3d 1228, 1231 (11th Cir. 2006) (“In the
Real ID Act of 2005, Congress amended the law regarding credibility determinations for
applications for asylum and withholding of removal filed after May 11, 2005.”).
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Here, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s and IJ’s adverse credibility
determination. The BIA and IJ properly identified inconsistencies in Petitioner’s
written statements and testimony regarding her alleged abortion in 1999. For
starters, Petitioner did not mention ever having an abortion, let alone a forced
abortion, in her asylum application and accompanying written statement. In fact,
she did not mention the 1999 abortion until after her asylum case was referred to
the IJ, and then provided inconsistent statements regarding the circumstances
surrounding the abortion. Although she averred in her March 2015 statement that
officials knocked on her door and took her with them to undergo the abortion, she
said nothing about officials coming to her door in her earlier statement provided in
May 2014. At the merits hearing, Petitioner initially testified that officials used
force to open the door before taking her to the hospital to undergo an abortion. But
when pressed on this point later, Petitioner testified that the officials knocked on
the door and her mother opened it. Petitioner then stated for the first time that the
officials “dragged [her] into the car.”
Further, as noted by the IJ and BIA, Petitioner’s husband provided
inconsistent statements regarding when he learned that Petitioner had undergone an
abortion. In his written statement, Petitioner’s husband stated that his wife told
him about the abortion one week before she appeared in the Atlanta Immigration
Court on May 12, 2014. However, during his testimony at the merits hearing, he
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vacillated between stating that he learned of the abortion a few days prior to the
May 2014 hearing and that he knew about the abortion before he and his wife
arrived in the United States in 2012. Indeed, at one point, he stated that he and his
wife came to the United States as tourists intending to apply for political asylum
based on her previous abortion, suggesting that he knew of the abortion before
arriving in the United States in 2012.
The BIA and IJ also relied on the discrepancies between Petitioner’s and
Petitioner’s husband’s testimony regarding the circumstances surrounding her
pregnancy with their second child in 2012. Petitioner’s husband testified that they
went into hiding when she was pregnant with their second child because a neighbor
had reported the pregnancy to the local residential committee. He stated that they
hid in many places, including at the home of Petitioner’s relative who lived in
another province, as well as in Thailand, Malaysia, and Saipan. Yet, in Petitioner’s
testimony and written statements, she never mentioned that a neighbor reported her
pregnancy to the residential committee. Instead, she explained in her initial
statement that she came to the United States because she was worried that she
would be forced to undergo an induced labor like the wife of her former classmate.
We are not persuaded by Petitioner’s argument that the inconsistencies between
her testimony and that of her husband cannot support an adverse credibility
determination, as we have held that as little as one internal inconsistency and one
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omission supports an adverse credibility determination. See Xia v. U.S. Att’y Gen,
608 F.3d 1233, 1240–41 (11th Cir. 2010) (holding that substantial evidence
supported an adverse-credibility determination where there was just one internal
inconsistency and one omission).
Moreover, although Petitioner offers some plausible explanations for the
inconsistencies identified by the BIA and IJ—including that her testimony was
consistent despite the fact that she added additional details as the case progressed,
that she did not mention her abortion at the outset of her case because she was
afraid to tell her husband, and that her husband’s testimony was the result of
interpretation difficulties—none of these explanations compel reversal. See Chen
v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 463 F.3d 1228, 1233 (11th Cir. 2006) (explaining that
petitioner’s tenable explanations for implausible aspects of his claim did not
compel reversal); Ruiz, 440 F.3d at 1255.
Because the BIA and IJ provided specific and cogent reasons for finding
Petitioner not credible and those reasons are supported by the record, substantial
evidence supports the BIA’s and IJ’s decision denying Petitioner’s asylum claim.
Ruiz, 440 F.3d at 1255. 4 Accordingly, the petition for review is denied.
PETITION DENIED.
4

Because the BIA concluded that Petitioner waived any argument that the IJ erred by
concluding that she failed to sufficiently corroborate her claim, our review of Petitioner’s asylum
claim is limited to the BIA’s and IJ’s adverse credibility determination. See Gonzalez v. U.S.
Att’y Gen., 820 F.3d 399, 403 (11th Cir. 2016) (explaining that issues not decided by the BIA are
not properly before this Court).
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