Kristin Perry, et al v. Arnold Schwarzenegger, et al

Filing 350

Filed (ECF) Amici Curiae CALIFORNIA FAITH FOR EQUALITY, California Council of Churches, GENERAL SYNOD OF THE UNITED CHURCH OF CHRIST, PACIFIC ASSOCIATION OF REFORM RABBIS, Progressive Jewish Alliance, THE EPISCOPAL BISHOPS OF CALIFORNIA AND LOS ANGELES, UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST ASSOCIATION, UNITARIAN UNIVERSALIST LEGISLATIVE MINISTRY CALIFORNIA and UNIVERSAL FELLOWSHIP OF METROPOLITAN COMMUNITY CHURCHES Correspondence: Letter re courtesy copy of amicus curiae brief filed in the California Supreme Court. Date of service: 05/02/2011 [7737133] (EAI)

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PDLO EHWZHHQ WKH SODFH RI PDLOLQJ DQG WKH SODFHV VR DGGUHVVHG , GHFODUH XQGHU SHQDOW\ RI SHUMXU\ WKDW WKH IRUHJRLQJ LV WUXH DQG FRUUHFW ([HFXWHG RQ $SULO DW 6DQ 'LHJR &DOLIRUQLD V (5,& $/$1 ,6$$&621 (5,& $/$1 ,6$$&621 B SERVICE LIST Party Attorney Plaintiffs and Respondents: Kristin M. Perry, Paul T. Katami, Sandra B. Stier, Jeffrey J. Zarrillo Theodore B. Olson Matthew McGill Amir Cameron Tayrani Gibson Dunn & Crutcher, LLP 1050 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20036-5305 David Boies Rosanne C. Baxter Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP 3333 Main Street Armonk, NY 10504 Richard Jason Bettan Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP 575 Lexington Avenue, 7th Floor New York, NY 10022 Theodore J. Boutrous Christophe Dean Dusseault Theano Diana Kapur Gibson Dunn & Crutcher, LLP 333 S. Grand Avenue Los Angeles, CA 90071 Ethan Douglas Dettmer Enrique Antonio Monagas Sarah Elizabeth Piepmeier Gibson Dunn & Crutcher, LLP 555 Mission Street, Suite 3000 San Francisco, CA 94105-2933 Jeremy Michael Goldman Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP 1999 Harrison Street, Suite 900 Oakland, CA 94612 Party Attorney Joshua Irwin Schiller Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP 575 Lexington Avenue, 5th Floor New York, NY 10022 Theodore Hideyuki Uno Boies Schiller & Flexner, LLP 2435 Hollywood Boulevard Hollywood, FL 33020 Plaintiff and Respondent: City & County of San Francisco Dennis Jose Herrera Therese Marie Stewart Mollie Mindes Lee Vince Chhabria Christine Bohrer Van Aken Office of the City Attorney City Hall, Room 234 1 Dr. Carlton B. Goodlett Place San Francisco, CA 94102 Erin Brianna Bernstein Danny Yeh Chou Ronald Patrick Flynn Office of the City Attorney 1390 Market Street, 7th Floor San Francisco, CA 94102 Defendants: Arnold Schwarzenegger, Kamala D. Harris Kenneth C. Mennemeier Andrew Walter Stroud Mennemeier Glassman & Stroud, LLP 980 Ninth Street, Suite 1700 Sacramento, CA 95814 Tamar Pachter Office of the Attorney General 455 Golden Gate Avenue, Suite 11000 San Francisco, CA 94102 Defendants: Howard Backer, Mark B. Horton, Scott Linette Kenneth C. Mennemeier Andrew W. Stroud Mennemeier Glassman & Stroud, LLP 980 Ninth Street, Suite 1700 Sacramento, CA 95814 -2- Party Attorney Defendant: Edmund G. Brown Daniel Joe Powell Tamar Pachter Office of the Attorney General 455 Golden Gate Avenue, Suite 11000 San Francisco, CA 94102 Office of the Governor Attention: Legal Department State Capitol Building Sacramento, CA 95814 Defendant: Dean C. Logan Judy Welch Whitehurst Office of the Los Angeles County Counsel 500 W. Temple Street, 6th Floor Los Angeles, CA 90012 Defendant: Patrick O’Connell Claude F. Kolm Office of the Alameda County Counsel 1221 Oak Street, Suite 450 Oakland, CA 94612-4296 Defendants & Appellants: Dennis Hollingsworth, Mark A. Jansson, Gail J. Knight, ProtectMarriage.com Brian W. Raum James Andrew Campbell Alliance Defense Fund 15100 North 90th Street Scottsdale, AZ 85260 Charles J. Cooper Nicole Jo Moss Howard C. Nielson Jesse Panuccio Peter A. Patterson David H. Thompson Cooper & Kirk, PLLC 1523 New Hampshire Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20036 Andrew P. Pugno Law Offices of Andrew P. Pugno 101 Parkshore Drive, Suite 100 Folsom, CA 95630 -3- Party Attorney Defendant Intervenor: William Tam Hak-Shing Terry L. Thompson Attorney at Law P.O. Box 1346 Alamo, CA 94507 Certifying Court: Ms. Molly C. Dwyer United States Court of Appeals for Clerk of the Court the Ninth Circuit United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit 95 Seventh Street San Francisco, CA 94103 -4-

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