Ivana Kirola v. City & County of San Francisco, et al

Filing

FILED OPINION (DIARMUID F. O'SCANNLAIN, RONALD M. GOULD and MILAN D. SMITH, JR.) There are two motions currently pending in our docket, The Motion to Exceed the Type Volume Limitation for Brief of Amicus Curiae, The Legal Aid Society Employment Law Center, filed with this court on November 9, 2015, and Appellants Request for Judicial Notice, filed with this court on July 15, 2016. Both motions are GRANTED; The parties shall bear their own costs on appeal. AFFIRMED in part, REVERSED in part, and REMANDED, with instructions. Judge: RMG Authoring. FILED AND ENTERED JUDGMENT. [10483728]

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Home > Guidelines and Standards > Buildings & Sites > About the ADA Standards > Background > ADAAG

ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG)
ADA STANDARDS
As amended through September 2002

About the ADA Standards

1. PURPOSE
2. GENERAL

ADA Standards

3. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS

Guide to the Standards

4. ACCESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND SPACES: SCOPE AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 Minimum Requirements
4.2 Space Allowance and Reach Ranges

Background
Other Resources

4.3 Accessible Route
4.4 Protruding Objects
4.5 Ground and Floor Surfaces
4.6 Parking and Passenger Loading Zones
4.7 Curb Ramps
4.8 Ramps

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Buildings and Sites:

4.9 Stairs
4.10 Elevators

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4.11 Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts)
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4.12 Windows
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4.13 Doors
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4.14 Entrances
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4.15 Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers ola
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4.16 Water Closets
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4.17 Toilet Stalls
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4.18 Urinals
4.19 Lavatories and Mirrors
4.20 Bathtubs
4.21 Shower Stalls
4.22 Toilet Rooms
4.23 Bathrooms, Bathing Facilities, and Shower Rooms
4.24 Sinks
4.25 Storage
4.26 Handrails, Grab Bars, and Tub and Shower Seats
4.27 Controls and Operating Mechanisms
4.28 Alarms
4.29 Detectable Warnings
4.30 Signage
4.31 Telephones
4.32 Fixed or Built-in Seating and Tables
4.33 Assembly Areas
4.34 Automated Teller Machines
4.35 Dressing and Fitting Rooms
4.36 Saunas and Steam Rooms
4.37 Benches
5. RESTAURANTS AND CAFETERIAS
6. MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES
7. BUSINESS, MERCANTILE AND CIVIC
8. LIBRARIES
9. ACCESSIBLE TRANSIENT LODGING
10. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
11. JUDICIAL, LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FACILITIES

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12. DETENTION AND CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES
13. RESIDENTIAL HOUSING [RESERVED]
14. PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY [RESERVED]
15. RECREATION FACILITIES
FIGURES INDEX
APPENDIX

1. PURPOSE.
This document contains scoping and technical requirements for accessibility to buildings and facilities by
individuals with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990. These scoping and
technical requirements are to be applied during the design, construction, and alteration of buildings and
facilities covered by titles II and III of the ADA to the extent required by regulations issued by Federal
agencies, including the Department of Justice and the Department of Transportation, under the ADA.
The illustrations and text of ANSI A117.1-1980 are reproduced with permission from the American
National Standards Institute.
Paragraphs marked with an asterisk have related, nonmandatory material in the Appendix. In the
Appendix, the corresponding paragraph numbers are preceded by an A.

2. GENERAL.
2.1 Provisions for Adults and Children. The specifications in these guidelines are based upon adult
dimensions and anthropometrics. These guidelines also contain alternate specifications based on children's
dimensions and anthropometrics for drinking fountains, water closets, toilet stalls, lavatories, sinks, and
fixed or built-in seating and tables.
2.2* Equivalent Facilitation. Departures from particular technical and scoping requirements of this
guideline by the use of other designs and technologies are permitted where the alternative designs and
technologies used will provide substantially equivalent or greater access to and usability of the facility.

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2.3 Incorporation by Reference.
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2.3.1 General. The publications listed in 2.3.2 Kirincorporated by reference
are o
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Director of the Federal Register has approved these -175 for incorporation by reference in accordance
cit
with 5U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 C.F.R. part 51.No. of the referenced publications may be inspected at the
Copies
Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board, 1331 F Street, NW., Suite 1000, Washington,
DC; at the Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section, 1425 New York Avenue,
NW., Washington, DC; or at the Office of the Federal Register, 800 North Capitol Street, NW., Suite 700,
Washington, DC.
2.3.2 Referenced Publications. The specific edition of the publications listed below are referenced in this
document. Where differences occur between this document and the referenced publications, this document
applies.
2.3.2.1 American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards.Copies of the referenced
publications may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials, 100 Bar Harbor Drive,
West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428 (http://www.astm.org).
ASTM F 1292-99 Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surface Systems Under and Around
Playground Equipment (see 15.6.7.2 Ground Surfaces, Use Zones).
ASTM F 1487-98 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground Equipment for Public
Use (see 3.5 Definitions, Use Zone).
ASTM F 1951-99 Standard Specification for Determination of Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and
Around Playground Equipment (see 15.6.7.1 Ground Surfaces, Accessibility).
2.3.2.2 International Code Council (ICC) Codes. Copies of the referenced publications may be
obtained from the International Code Council, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600, Falls Church, VA 2204-3401
(http://www.intlcode.org).
International Building Code 2000 (see 15.3.3.2 Height).

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3. MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUCTIONS AND DEFINITIONS.
3.1 Graphic Conventions
3.2 Dimensional Tolerances
3.3 Notes
3.4 General Terminology
3.5 Definitions

3.1 Graphic Conventions. Graphic conventions are shown in Table 1. Dimensions that are not marked
minimum or maximum are absolute, unless otherwise indicated in the text or captions.

3.2 Dimensional Tolerances. All dimensions are subject to conventional building industry tolerances for
field conditions.
3.3 Notes. The text of these guidelines does not contain notes or footnotes. Additional information,
explanations, and advisory materials are located in the Appendix.
3.4 General Terminology.
comply with. Meet one or more specifications of these guidelines.
if, if ... then. Denotes a specification that applies only when the conditions described are present.
may. Denotes an option or alternative.
shall. Denotes a mandatory specification or requirement.
should. Denotes an advisory specification or recommendation.
3.5 Definitions.

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Describes a site, building, facility, or portion thereof that complies with these guidelines. n
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Accessible Element.
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An element specified by these guidelines (for example, telephone, rc
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Accessible Route.
cited accessible elements and spaces of a building or facility.
4A continuous unobstructed path connecting all . 1
No
Access Aisle.

An accessible pedestrian space between elements, such as parking spaces, seating, and desks, that
provides clearances appropriate for use of the elements.
Accessible.

Interior accessible routes may include corridors, floors, ramps, elevators, lifts, and clear floor space at
fixtures. Exterior accessible routes may include parking access aisles, curb ramps, crosswalks at vehicular

ways, walks, ramps, and lifts.
Accessible Space.
Space that complies with these guidelines.
Adaptability.
The ability of certain building spaces and elements, such as kitchen counters, sinks, and grab bars, to be
added or altered so as to accommodate the needs of individuals with or without disabilities or to
accommodate the needs of persons with different types or degrees of disability.
Addition.
An expansion, extension, or increase in the gross floor area of a building or facility.
Administrative Authority.
A governmental agency that adopts or enforces regulations and guidelines for the design, construction, or
alteration of buildings and facilities.
Alteration.
An alteration is a change to a building or facility that affects or could affect the usability of the building or
facility or part thereof. Alterations include, but are not limited to, remodeling, renovation, rehabilitation,
reconstruction, historic restoration, resurfacing of circulation paths or vehicular ways, changes or
rearrangement of the structural parts or elements, and changes or rearrangement in the plan configuration
of walls and full-height partitions. Normal maintenance, reroofing, painting or wallpapering, or changes to
mechanical and electrical systems are not alterations unless they affect the usability of the building or
facility.
Amusement Attraction.
Any facility, or portion of a facility, located within an amusement park or theme park which provides
amusement without the use of an amusement device. Examples include, but are not limited to, fun houses,
barrels, and other attractions without seats.
Amusement Ride.

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A system that moves persons through a fixed course within a defined area for the purpose of amusement.
Amusement Ride Seat.
A seat that is built-in or mechanically fastened to an amusement ride intended to be occupied by one or
more passengers.
Area of Rescue Assistance.
An area, which has direct access to an exit, where people who are unable to use stairs may remain
temporarily in safety to await further instructions or assistance during emergency evacuation.
Area of Sport Activity.
That portion of a room or space where the play or practice of a sport occurs.
Assembly Area.
A room or space accommodating a group of individuals for recreational, educational, political, social, civic,
or amusement purposes, or for the consumption of food and drink.
Automatic Door.

A door equipped with a power-operated mechanism and controls that open and close the door automatically
upon receipt of a momentary actuating signal. The switch that begins the automatic cycle may be a
photoelectric device, floor mat, or manual switch (see power-assisted door).
Boarding Pier.
A portion of a pier where a boat is temporarily secured for the purpose of embarking or disembarking.
Boat Launch Ramp.
A sloped surface designed for launching and retrieving trailered boats and other water craft to and from a
body of water.
Boat Slip.
That portion of a pier, main pier, finger pier, or float where a boat is moored for the purpose of berthing,
embarking, or disembarking.
Building.
Any structure used and intended for supporting or sheltering any use or occupancy.
Catch Pool.
A pool or designated section of a pool used as a terminus for water slide flumes.
Circulation Path.

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Unobstructed.
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Clear Floor Space.
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Closed Circuit Telephone.
No.
An exterior or interior way of passage from one place to another for pedestrians, including, but not limited
to, walks, hallways, courtyards, stairways, and stair landings.

A telephone with dedicated line(s) such as a house phone, courtesy phone or phone that must be used to
gain entrance to a facility.
Common Use.
Refers to those interior and exterior rooms, spaces, or elements that are made available for the use of a
restricted group of people (for example, occupants of a homeless shelter, the occupants of an office
building, or the guests of such occupants).
Cross Slope.
The slope that is perpendicular to the direction of travel (see running slope).

Curb Ramp.
A short ramp cutting through a curb or built up to it.
Detectable Warning.
A standardized surface feature built in or applied to walking surfaces or other elements to warn visually
impaired people of hazards on a circulation path.
Dwelling Unit.
A single unit which provides a kitchen or food preparation area, in addition to rooms and spaces for living,
bathing, sleeping, and the like. Dwelling units include a single family home or a townhouse used as a
transient group home; an apartment building used as a shelter; guestrooms in a hotel that provide sleeping
accommodations and food preparation areas; and other similar facilities used on a transient basis. For
purposes of these guidelines, use of the term "Dwelling Unit" does not imply the unit is used as a residence.
Egress, Means of.
A continuous and unobstructed way of exit travel from any point in a building or facility to a public way. A
means of egress comprises vertical and horizontal travel and may include intervening room spaces,
doorways, hallways, corridors, passageways, balconies, ramps, stairs, enclosures, lobbies, horizontal exits,
courts and yards. An accessible means of egress is one that complies with these guidelines and does not
include stairs, steps, or escalators. Areas of rescue assistance or evacuation elevators may be included as
part of accessible means of egress.
Element.

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An architectural or mechanical component of a building, facility, space, or site, e.g., telephone, curb ramp,
door, drinking fountain, seating, or water closet.
Elevated Play Component.
A play component that is approached above or below grade and that is part of a composite play structure
consisting of two or more play components attached or functionally linked to create an integrated unit
providing more than one play activity.
Entrance.
Any access point to a building or portion of a building or facility used for the purpose of entering. An
entrance includes the approach walk, the vertical access leading to the entrance platform, the entrance
platform itself, vestibules if provided, the entry door(s) or gate(s), and the hardware of the entry door(s) or
gate(s).
Facility.
All or any portion of buildings, structures, site improvements, complexes, equipment, roads, walks,
passageways, parking lots, or other real or personal property located on a site.
Gangway.
A variable-sloped pedestrian walkway that links a fixed structure or land with a floating structure.
Gangways which connect to vessels are not included.
Golf Car Passage.
A continuous passage on which a motorized golf car can operate.
Ground Floor.
Any occupiable floor less than one story above or below grade with direct access to grade. A building or
facility always has at least one ground floor and may have more than one ground floor as where a split level
entrance has been provided or where a building is built into a hillside.
Ground Level Play Component.
A play component that is approached and exited at the ground level.
Mezzanine or Mezzanine Floor.
That portion of a story which is an intermediate floor level placed within the story and having occupiable
space above and below its floor.
Marked Crossing.
A crosswalk or other identified path intended for pedestrian use in crossing a vehicular way.
Multifamily Dwelling.

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Any building containing more than two dwelling units.
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Occupiable.
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A room or enclosed space designed for human occupancy v which individuals congregate for amusement,
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Operable Part.
A part of a piece of equipment or appliance used to insert or withdraw objects, or to activate, deactivate, or
adjust the equipment or appliance (for example, coin slot, pushbutton, handle).
Path of Travel.
(Reserved).
Play Area.
A portion of a site containing play components designed and constructed for children.
Play Component.
An element intended to generate specific opportunities for play, socialization, or learning. Play components
may be manufactured or natural, and may be stand alone or part of a composite play structure.
Power-assisted Door.
A door used for human passage with a mechanism that helps to open the door, or relieves the opening
resistance of a door, upon the activation of a switch or a continued force applied to the door itself.
Private Facility.
A place of public accommodation or a commercial facility subject to title III of the ADA and 28 C.F.R. part
36 or a transportation facility subject to title III of the ADA and 49 C.F.R. 37.45.
Public Facility.
A facility or portion of a facility constructed by, on behalf of, or for the use of a public entity subject to title
II of the ADA and 28 C.F.R. part 35 or to title II of the ADA and 49 C.F.R. 37.41 or 37.43.
Public Use.
Describes interior or exterior rooms or spaces that are made available to the general public. Public use may
be provided at a building or facility that is privately or publicly owned.
Ramp.
A walking surface which has a running slope greater than 1:20.
Running Slope.
The slope that is parallel to the direction of travel (see cross slope).
Service Entrance.

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An entrance intended primarily for delivery of goods or services.
Signage.
Displayed verbal, symbolic, tactile, and pictorial information.

Site.
A parcel of land bounded by a property line or a designated portion of a public right-of-way.
Site Improvement.
Landscaping, paving for pedestrian and vehicular ways, outdoor lighting, recreational facilities, and the like,
added to a site.
Sleeping Accommodations.
Rooms in which people sleep; for example, dormitory and hotel or motel guest rooms or suites.
Soft Contained Play Structure.
A play structure made up of one or more components where the user enters a fully enclosed play
environment that utilizes pliable materials (e.g., plastic, netting, fabric).
Space.
A definable area, e.g., room, toilet room, hall, assembly area, entrance, storage room, alcove, courtyard, or
lobby.
Story.
That portion of a building included between the upper surface of a floor and upper surface of the floor or
roof next above. If such portion of a building does not include occupiable space, it is not considered a story
for purposes of these guidelines. There may be more than one floor level within a story as in the case of a
mezzanine or mezzanines.
Structural Frame.
The structural frame shall be considered to be the columns and the girders, beams, trusses and spandrels
having direct connections to the columns and all other members which are essential to the stability of the
building as a whole.
TDD (Telecommunication Devices for the Deaf).
See text telephone.
TTY (Tele-Typewriter).
See text telephone.
Tactile.
Describes an object that can be perceived using the sense of touch.
Technically Infeasible.
See 4.1.6(1)(j) EXCEPTION.

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Teeing Ground.
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Text Telephone (TTY).
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Machinery or equipment that employs interactive text based
No.
coded signals across the standard telephone network. Text telephones can include, for example, devices
known as TDDs (telecommunication display devices or telecommunication devices for deaf persons) or
computers with special modems. Text telephones are also called TTYs, an abbreviation for tele-typewriter.
Transfer Device.
Equipment designed to facilitate the transfer of a person from a wheelchair or other mobility device to and
from an amusement ride seat.
Transient Lodging.*
A building, facility, or portion thereof, excluding inpatient medical care facilities and residential facilities,
that contains sleeping accommodations. Transient lodging may include, but is not limited to, resorts, group
homes, hotels, motels, and dormitories. Appendix Note

Transition Plate.
A sloping pedestrian walking surface located at the end(s) of a gangway.
Use Zone.
The ground level area beneath and immediately adjacent to a play structure or equipment that is
designated by ASTM F 1487 Standard Consumer Safety Performance Specification for Playground
Equipment for Public Use (incorporated by reference, see 2.3.2) for unrestricted circulation around the
equipment and on whose surface it is predicted that a user would land when falling from or exiting the
equipment.
Vehicular Way.
A route intended for vehicular traffic, such as a street, driveway, or parking lot.
Walk.
An exterior pathway with a prepared surface intended for pedestrian use, including general pedestrian
areas such as plazas and courts.

4. ACCESSIBLE ELEMENTS AND SPACES: SCOPE AND TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.

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4.1 Minimum Requirements
4.1.1 Application
4.1.2 Accessible Sites and Exterior Facilities: New Construction
4.1.3 Accessible Buildings: New Construction
4.1.4 (Reserved)
4.1.5 Accessible Buildings: Additions
4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alterations
4.1.7 Accessible Buildings: Historic Preservation
4.1.1* Application.
(1) General. All areas of newly designed or newly constructed buildings and facilities and altered portions
of existing buildings and facilities shall comply with section 4, unless otherwise provided in this section or
as modified in a special application section.
(2) Application Based on Building Use. Special application sections provide additional requirements based
on building use. When a building or facility contains more than one use covered by a special application
section, each portion shall comply with the requirements for that use.
(3)* Areas Used Only by Employees as Work Areas. Areas that are used only as work areas shall be
designed and constructed so that individuals with disabilities can approach, enter, and exit the areas.
These guidelines do not require that any areas used only as work areas be constructed to permit
maneuvering within the work area or be constructed or equipped (i.e., with racks or shelves) to be
accessible. Appendix Note
(4) Temporary Structures. These guidelines cover temporary buildings or facilities as well as permanent
facilities. Temporary buildings and facilities are not of permanent construction but are extensively used or
are essential for public use for a period of time. Examples of temporary buildings or facilities covered by
these guidelines include, but are not limited to: reviewing stands, temporary classrooms, bleacher areas,
exhibit areas, temporary banking facilities, temporary health screening services, or temporary safe
pedestrian passageways around a construction site. Structures, sites and equipment directly associated
with the actual processes of construction, such as scaffolding, bridging, materials hoists, or construction

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(5) General Exceptions.
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(a) In new construction, a person or entity iis not required to 1
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guidelines where that person or entity can
14-1 that is structurally impracticable to do so.
No.
compliance will be considered structurally impracticable only in those rare circumstances when the unique
characteristics of terrain prevent the incorporation of accessibility features. If full compliance with the
requirements of these guidelines is structurally impracticable, a person or entity shall comply with the
requirements to the extent it is not structurally impracticable. Any portion of the building or facility which
can be made accessible shall comply to the extent that it is not structurally impracticable.
(b) Accessibility is not required to or in:
(i) raised areas used primarily for purposes of security or life or fire safety, including, but not limited to,
observation or lookout galleries, prison guard towers, fire towers, or fixed life guard stands;
(ii) non-occupiable spaces accessed only by ladders, catwalks, crawl spaces, very narrow passageways,
tunnels, or freight (non-passenger) elevators, and frequented only by service personnel for maintenance,
repair, or occasional monitoring of equipment; such spaces may include, but are not limited to, elevator
pits, elevator penthouses, piping or equipment catwalks, water or sewage treatment pump rooms and
stations, electric substations and transformer vaults, and highway and tunnel utility facilities;
(iii) single occupant structures accessed only by a passageway that is below grade or that is elevated
above standard curb height, including, but not limited to, toll booths accessed from underground tunnels;
(iv) raised structures used solely for refereeing, judging, or scoring a sport;
(v) water slides;
(vi) animal containment areas that are not for public use; or
(vii) raised boxing or wrestling rings.
4.1.2 Accessible Sites and Exterior Facilities: New Construction. An accessible site shall meet the
following minimum requirements:

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(1) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3 shall be provided within the boundary of the site from
public transportation stops, accessible parking spaces, passenger loading zones if provided, and public
streets or sidewalks, to an accessible building entrance.
(2) (a) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3 shall connect accessible buildings, accessible
facilities, accessible elements, and accessible spaces that are on the same site.
(b)* Court Sports: An accessible route complying with 4.3 shall directly connect both sides of the court in
court sports. Advisory Note
(3) All objects that protrude from surfaces or posts into circulation paths shall comply with 4.4.
EXCEPTION: The requirements of 4.4 shall not apply within an area of sport activity.
(4) Ground surfaces along accessible routes and in accessible spaces shall comply with 4.5.
EXCEPTION 1*:The requirements of 4.5 shall not apply within an area of sport activity. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION2*:Animal containment areas designed and constructed for public use shall not be required to
provide stable, firm, and slip resistant ground and floor surfaces and shall not be required to comply with
4.5.2.Appendix Note
(5) (a) If parking spaces are provided for self-parking by employees or visitors, or both, then accessible
spaces complying with 4.6 shall be provided in each such parking area in conformance with the table
below. Spaces required by the table need not be provided in the particular lot. They may be provided in a
different location if equivalent or greater accessibility, in terms of distance from an accessible entrance,
cost and convenience is ensured.
Total Parking in Lot
1 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 75
76 to 100
101 to 150
151 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 400
401 to 500
501 to 1000
1001 and over

Required Minimum Number of Accessible
Spaces
1
2

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No. 2 percent of total
20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1000

Except as provided in (b), access aisles adjacent to accessible spaces shall be 60 in (1525 mm) wide
minimum.
(b) One in every eight accessible spaces, but not less than one, shall be served by an access aisle 96 in
(2440 mm) wide minimum and shall be designated "van accessible" as required by 4.6.4. The vertical
clearance at such spaces shall comply with 4.6.5. All such spaces may be grouped on one level of a parking
structure.
EXCEPTION: Provision of all required parking spaces in conformance with "Universal Parking Design" (see
appendix A4.6.3) is permitted.
(c) If passenger loading zones are provided, then at least one passenger loading zone shall comply with
4.6.6.
(d) At facilities providing medical care and other services for persons with mobility impairments, parking
spaces complying with 4.6 shall be provided in accordance with 4.1.2(5)(a) except as follows:
(i) Outpatient units and facilities: 10 percent of the total number of parking spaces provided serving each
such outpatient unit or facility;
(ii) Units and facilities that specialize in treatment or services for persons with mobility impairments: 20
percent of the total number of parking spaces provided serving each such unit or facility.
(e)* Valet parking: Valet parking facilities shall provide a passenger loading zone complying with 4.6.6
located on an accessible route to the entrance of the facility. Paragraphs 5(a), 5(b), and 5(d) of this
section do not apply to valet parking facilities. Appendix Note
(6) If toilet facilities are provided on a site, then each such public or common use toilet facility shall comply

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with 4.22. If bathing facilities are provided on a site, then each such public or common use bathing facility
shall comply with 4.23. For single user portable toilet or bathing units clustered at a single location, at least
five percent but no less than one toilet unit or bathing unit complying with 4.22 or 4.23 shall be installed at
each cluster whenever typical inaccessible units are provided. Accessible units shall be identified by the
International Symbol of Accessibility.
EXCEPTION: Portable toilet units at construction sites used exclusively by construction personnel are not
required to comply with 4.1.2(6).
(7) Building Signage. Signs which designate permanent rooms and spaces shall comply with 4.30.1,
4.30.4, 4.30.5 and 4.30.6. Other signs which provide direction to, or information about, functional
spaces of the building shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5. Elements and spaces of
accessible facilities which shall be identified by the International Symbol of Accessibility and which shall
comply with 4.30.7 are:
(a) Parking spaces designated as reserved for individuals with disabilities;
(b) Accessible passenger loading zones;
(c) Accessible entrances when not all are accessible (inaccessible entrances shall have directional signage
to indicate the route to the nearest accessible entrance);
(d) Accessible toilet and bathing facilities when not all are accessible.
4.1.3 Accessible Buildings: New Construction. Accessible buildings and facilities shall meet the
following minimum requirements:
(1)(a) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3 shall connect accessible building or facility
entrances with all accessible spaces and elements within the building or facility.
(b)* Court Sports. An accessible route complying with 4.3 shall directly connect both sides of the court in
court sports. Appendix Note

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EXCEPTION: The requirements of 4.4 shall not apply within an area of sport activity.o
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(3) Ground and floor surfaces along accessible routes and in accessible rooms on
City
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EXCEPTION 1*: The requirements ofi4.5 shall
ct
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No.

(2) All objects that overhang or protrude into circulation paths shall comply with 4.4.

EXCEPTION 2*:Animal containment areas designed and constructed for public use shall not be required to
provide stable, firm, and slip resistant ground and floor surfaces and shall not be required to comply with
4.5.2. Appendix Note
(4) Interior and exterior stairs connecting levels that are not connected by an elevator, ramp, or other
accessible means of vertical access shall comply with 4.9.
(5)* One passenger elevator complying with 4.10 shall serve each level, including mezzanines, in all
multi-story buildings and facilities unless exempted below. If more than one elevator is provided, each
passenger elevator shall comply with 4.10. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 1: Elevators are not required in:
(a) private facilities that are less than three stories or that have less than 3000 square feet per story
unless the building is a shopping center, a shopping mall, or the professional office of a health care
provider, or another type of facility as determined by the Attorney General; or
(b) public facilities that are less than three stories and that are not open to the general public if the story
above or below the accessible ground floor houses no more than five persons and is less than 500 square
feet. Examples may include, but are not limited to, drawbridge towers and boat traffic towers, lock and
dam control stations, and train dispatching towers.
The elevator exemptions set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) do not obviate or limit in any way the
obligation to comply with the other accessibility requirements established in section 4.1.3. For example,
floors above or below the accessible ground floor must meet the requirements of this section except for
elevator service. If toilet or bathing facilities are provided on a level not served by an elevator, then toilet
or bathing facilities must be provided on the accessible ground floor. In new construction, if a building or
facility is eligible for exemption but a passenger elevator is nonetheless planned, that elevator shall meet
the requirements of 4.10 and shall serve each level in the building. A passenger elevator that provides

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service from a garage to only one level of a building or facility is not required to serve other levels.

EXCEPTION 2: Elevator pits, elevator penthouses, mechanical rooms, piping or equipment catwalks are
exempted from this requirement.
EXCEPTION 3: Accessible ramps complying with 4.8 may be used in lieu of an elevator.
EXCEPTION 4: Platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) complying with 4.11 of this guideline and applicable State
or local codes may be used in lieu of an elevator only under the following conditions:
(a) To provide an accessible route to a performing area in an assembly occupancy.
(b) To comply with the wheelchair viewing position line-of- sight and dispersion requirements of 4.33.3.
(c) To provide access to incidental occupiable spaces and rooms which are not open to the general public
and which house no more than five persons, including but not limited to equipment control rooms and
projection booths.
(d) To provide access where existing site constraints or other constraints make use of a ramp or an
elevator infeasible.
(e) To provide access to raised judges' benches, clerks' stations, speakers' platforms, jury boxes and
witness stands or to depressed areas such as the well of a court.
(f)* To provide access to player seating areas serving an area of sport activity. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 5: Elevators located in air traffic control towers are not required to serve the cab and the floor
immediately below the cab.
(6) Windows: (Reserved).
(7) Doors:

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(b) Within a building or facility, at least one door at each accessible space shall comply with 4.13. 201
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(8) The requirements in (a) and (b) below shall 14No
(a) At each accessible entrance to a building or facility, at least one door shall comply with 4.13.

(a)(i) At least 50 percent of all public entrances (excluding those in (b) below) shall comply with 4.14. At
least one must be a ground floor entrance. Public entrances are any entrances that are not loading or
service entrances.
(ii) Accessible public entrances must be provided in a number at least equivalent to the number of exits
required by the applicable building or fire codes. (This paragraph does not require an increase in the total
number of public entrances planned for a facility.)
(iii) An accessible public entrance must be provided to each tenancy in a facility (for example, individual
stores in a strip shopping center).
(iv) In detention and correctional facilities subject to section 12, public entrances that are secured shall be
accessible as required by 12.2.1.
One entrance may be considered as meeting more than one of the requirements in (a). Where feasible,
accessible public entrances shall be the entrances used by the majority of people visiting or working in the
building.
(b)(i) In addition, if direct access is provided for pedestrians from an enclosed parking garage to the
building, at least one direct entrance from the garage to the building must be accessible.
(ii) If access is provided for pedestrians from a pedestrian tunnel or elevated walkway, one entrance to the
building from each tunnel or walkway must be accessible.
(iii) In judicial, legislative, and regulatory facilities subject to section 11, restricted and secured entrances
shall be accessible in the number required by 11.1.1.
One entrance may be considered as meeting more than one of the requirements in (b).
Because entrances also serve as emergency exits whose proximity to all parts of buildings and facilities is

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essential, it is preferable that all entrances be accessible.
(c) If the only entrance to a building, or tenancy in a facility, is a service entrance, that entrance shall be
accessible.
(d) Entrances which are not accessible shall have directional signage complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2,
4.30.3, and 4.30.5, which indicates the location of the nearest accessible entrance.
(9)* In buildings or facilities, or portions of buildings or facilities, required to be accessible, accessible
means of egress shall be provided in the same number as required for exits by local building/life safety
regulations. Where a required exit from an occupiable level above or below a level of accessible exit
discharge is not accessible, an area of rescue assistance shall be provided on each such level (in a number
equal to that of inaccessible required exits). Areas of rescue assistance shall comply with 4.3.11. A
horizontal exit, meeting the requirements of local building/life safety regulations, shall satisfy the
requirement for an area of rescue assistance. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: Areas of rescue assistance are not required in buildings or facilities having a supervised
automatic sprinkler system.
(10)* Drinking Fountains:
(a) Where only one drinking fountain is provided on a floor there shall be a drinking fountain which is
accessible to individuals who use wheelchairs in accordance with 4.15 and one accessible to those who
have difficulty bending or stooping. (This can be accommodated by the use of a "hi-lo" fountain; by
providing one fountain accessible to those who use wheelchairs and one fountain at a standard height
convenient for those who have difficulty bending; by providing a fountain accessible under 4.15 and a
water cooler; or by such other means as would achieve the required accessibility for each group on each
floor.)
(b) Where more than one drinking fountain or water cooler is provided on a floor, 50% of those provided
shall comply with 4.15 and shall be on an accessible route. Appendix Note

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(12) Storage, Shelving and Display Units: in K
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(a) If fixed or built-in storage facilities such as.cabinets,
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(11) Toilet Facilities: If toilet rooms are provided, then each public and common use toilet room shall
comply with 4.22. Other toilet rooms provided for the use of occupants of specific spaces (i.e., a private
toilet room for the occupant of a private office) shall be adaptable. If bathing rooms are provided, then
each public and common use bathroom shall comply with 4.23. Accessible toilet rooms and bathing
facilities shall be on an accessible route.

accessible spaces, at least one of each type provided shall contain storage space complying with 4.25.
Additional storage may be provided outside of the dimensions required by 4.25.

(b) Shelves or display units allowing self-service by customers in mercantile occupancies shall be located
on an accessible route complying with 4.3. Requirements for accessible reach range do not apply.
(c)* Where lockers are provided in accessible spaces, at least 5 percent, but not less than one, of each
type of locker shall comply with 4.25. Appendix Note
(13) Controls and operating mechanisms in accessible spaces, along accessible routes, or as parts of
accessible elements (for example, light switches and dispenser controls) shall comply with 4.27.
EXCEPTION: The requirements of 4.27 shall not apply to exercise machines.
(14) If emergency warning systems are provided, then they shall include both audible alarms and visual
alarms complying with 4.28. Sleeping accommodations required to comply with 9.3 shall have an alarm
system complying with 4.28. Emergency warning systems in medical care facilities may be modified to
suit standard health care alarm design practice.
(15) Detectable warnings shall be provided at locations as specified in 4.29.
(16) Building Signage:
(a) Signs which designate permanent rooms and spaces shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.4, 4.30.5 and
4.30.6.
(b) Other signs which provide direction to or information about functional spaces of the building shall
comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5.
EXCEPTION: Building directories, menus, and all other signs which are temporary are not required to
comply.

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(17) Public telephones:
(a) If public pay telephones, public closed circuit telephones, or other public telephones are provided, then
they shall comply with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8 to the extent required by the following table:
(text version)
Number of each type of telephone provided
on each floor

Number of telephones required to comply
with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8¹

1 or more single unit
1 bank²

1 per floor
1 per floor

2 or more banks²

1 per bank. Accessible unit may be installed as a
single unit in proximity (either visible or with
signage) to the bank. At least one public
telephone per floor shall meet the requirements
for a forward reach telephone³

1 Additional public telephones may be installed at any height. Unless otherwise specified, accessible
telephones may be either forward or side reach telephones.
2 A bank consists of two or more adjacent public telephones, often installed as a unit.
3 EXCEPTION: For exterior installations only, if dial tone first service is available, then a side reach
telephone may be installed instead of the required forward reach telephone.
(b)* All telephones required to be accessible and complying with 4.31.2 through 4.31.8 shall be
equipped with a volume control. In addition, 25 percent, but never less than one, of all other public
telephones provided shall be equipped with a volume control and shall be dispersed among all types of
public telephones, including closed circuit telephones, throughout the building or facility. Signage
complying with applicable provisions of 4.30.7 shall be provided. Appendix Note

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(i) If four or more public pay telephones (including both interior and exteriorunt
telephones)
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(c) The following shall be provided in accordance with 4.31.9:

(ii) If an interior public pay telephone is provided in a private facility that is a stadium or arena, a
convention center, a hotel with a convention center, or a covered mall, at least one interior public text
telephone (TTY) shall be provided in the facility. In stadiums, arenas and convention centers which are
public facilities, at least one public text telephone (TTY) shall be provided on each floor level having at
least one interior public pay telephone.

(iii) If a public pay telephone is located in or adjacent to a hospital emergency room, hospital recovery
room, or hospital waiting room, one public text telephone (TTY) shall be provided at each such location.
(iv) If an interior public pay telephone is provided in the secured area of a detention or correctional facility
subject to section 12, then at least one public text telephone (TTY) shall also be provided in at least one
secured area. Secured areas are those areas used only by detainees or inmates and security personnel.
(d) Where a bank of telephones in the interior of a building consists of three or more public pay
telephones, at least one public pay telephone in each such bank shall be equipped with a shelf and outlet in
compliance with 4.31.9(2).
EXCEPTION: This requirement does not apply to the secured areas of detention or correctional facilities
where shelves and outlets are prohibited for purposes of security or safety.
(18) If fixed or built-in seating or tables (including, but not limited to, study carrels and student
laboratory stations), are provided in accessible public or common use areas, at least five percent (5%),
but not less than one, of the fixed or built-in seating areas or tables shall comply with 4.32. An accessible
route shall lead to and through such fixed or built-in seating areas, or tables.
(19)* Assembly Areas:
(a) In places of assembly with fixed seating accessible wheelchair locations shall comply with 4.33.2,
4.33.3, and 4.33.4 and shall be provided consistent with the following table:
Capacity of Seating in Assembly Area

Number of Required Wheelchair Locations

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4 to 25

1

26 to 50
51 to 300

2
4

301 to 500
over 500

6
6 plus 1 additional space for each total seating
capacity increase of 100

In addition, one percent, but not less than one, of all fixed seats shall be aisle seats with no armrests on
the aisle side, or removable or folding armrests on the aisle side. Each such seat shall be identified by a
sign or marker. Signage notifying patrons of the availability of such seats shall be posted at the ticket
office. Aisle seats are not required to comply with 4.33.4. Appendix Note
(b) This paragraph applies to assembly areas where audible communications are integral to the use of the
space (e.g., concert and lecture halls, playhouses and movie theaters, meeting rooms, etc.). Such
assembly areas, if (1) they accommodate at least 50 persons, or if they have audio-amplification systems,
and (2) they have fixed seating, shall have a permanently installed assistive listening system complying
with 4.33. For other assembly areas, a permanently installed assistive listening system, or an adequate
number of electrical outlets or other supplementary wiring necessary to support a portable assistive
listening system shall be provided. The minimum number of receivers to be provided shall be equal to 4
percent of the total number of seats, but in no case less than two. Signage complying with applicable
provisions of 4.30 shall be installed to notify patrons of the availability of a listening system.
(c) Where a team or player seating area contains fixed seats and serves an area of sport activity, the
seating area shall contain the number of wheelchair spaces required by 4.1.3(19)(a), but not less than one
wheelchair space. Wheelchair spaces shall comply with 4.33.2, 4.33.3, 4.33.4, and 4.33.5.
EXCEPTION 1: Wheelchair spaces in team or player seating areas shall not be required to provide a choice
of admission price or lines of sight comparable to those for members of the general public.

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(20) Where automated teller machines (ATMs) are provided, each ATM shall comply of S requirements
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EXCEPTION 2: This provision shall not apply to team or player seating areas serving bowling lanes not
required to be accessible by 15.7.3.

EXCEPTION: Where dressing, fitting, or locker rooms are provided in a cluster, at least 5 percent, but not
less than one, of the rooms for each type of use in each cluster shall comply with 4.35.
(22) Where saunas or steam rooms are provided, the rooms shall comply with 4.36.

EXCEPTION: Where saunas or steam rooms are provided in a cluster, at least 5 percent, but not less than
one, of the rooms for each type of use in each cluster shall comply with 4.36.
4.1.4 (Reserved).
4.1.5 Accessible Buildings: Additions. Each addition to an existing building or facility shall be regarded
as an alteration. Each space or element added to the existing building or facility shall comply with the
applicable provisions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3, Minimum Requirements (for New Construction) and the applicable
technical specifications of section 4 and the special application sections. Each addition that affects or could
affect the usability of an area containing a primary function shall comply with 4.1.6(2).
4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alterations.
(1) General. Alterations to existing buildings and facilities shall comply with the following:
(a) No alteration shall be undertaken which decreases or has the effect of decreasing accessibility or
usability of a building or facility below the requirements for new construction at the time of alteration.
(b) If existing elements, spaces, or common areas are altered, then each such altered element, space,
feature, or area shall comply with the applicable provisions of 4.1.1 to 4.1.3 Minimum Requirements (for
New Construction). If the applicable provision for new construction requires that an element, space, or
common area be on an accessible route, the altered element, space, or common area is not required to be
on an accessible route except as provided in 4.1.6(2) (Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary
Function.)

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(c) If alterations of single elements, when considered together, amount to an alteration of a room or
space in a building or facility, the entire space shall be made accessible.

(d) No alteration of an existing element, space, or area of a building or facility shall impose a requirement
for greater accessibility than that which would be required for new construction. For example, if the
elevators and stairs in a building are being altered and the elevators are, in turn, being made accessible,
then no accessibility modifications are required to the stairs connecting levels connected by the elevator. If
stair modifications to correct unsafe conditions are required by other codes, the modifications shall be
done in compliance with these guidelines unless technically infeasible.
(e) At least one interior public text telephone (TTY) complying with 4.31.9 shall be provided if:
(i) alterations to existing buildings or facilities with less than four exterior or interior public pay telephones
would increase the total number to four or more telephones with at least one in an interior location; or
(ii) alterations to one or more exterior or interior public pay telephones occur in an existing building or
facility with four or more public telephones with at least one in an interior location.
(f) If an escalator or stair is planned or installed where none existed previously and major structural
modifications are necessary for such installation, then a means of accessible vertical access shall be
provided that complies with the applicable provisions of 4.7, 4.8, 4.10, or 4.11.
(g) In alterations, the requirements of 4.1.3(9), 4.3.10 and 4.3.11 do not apply.
(h)* Entrances: If a planned alteration entails alterations to an entrance, and the building has an
accessible entrance, the entrance being altered is not required to comply with 4.1.3(8), except to the
extent required by 4.1.6(2). If a particular entrance is not made accessible, appropriate accessible
signage indicating the location of the nearest accessible entrance(s) shall be installed at or near the
inaccessible entrance, such that a person with disabilities will not be required to retrace the approach
route from the inaccessible entrance. Appendix Note

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(j) EXCEPTION: In alteration work, if compliance with 4.1.6 is technically
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Technically Infeasible. Means, with respect to an alteration of a building or a facility, that it has little
(i) If the alteration work is limited solely to the electrical, mechanical, or plumbing system, or to
hazardous material abatement, or automatic sprinkler retrofitting, and does not involve the alteration of
any elements or spaces required to be accessible under these guidelines, then 4.1.6(2) does not apply.

likelihood of being accomplished because existing structural conditions would require removing or altering
a load-bearing member which is an essential part of the structural frame; or because other existing
physical or site constraints prohibit modification or addition of elements, spaces, or features which are in
full and strict compliance with the minimum requirements for new construction and which are necessary to
provide accessibility.
(k) EXCEPTION:
(i) These guidelines do not require the installation of an elevator in an altered facility that is exempt from
the requirement for an elevator under 4.1.3(5).
(ii) The exemption provided in paragraph (i) does not obviate or limit in any way the obligation to comply
with the other accessibility requirements established in these guidelines. For example, alterations to floors
above or below the ground floor must be accessible regardless of whether the altered facility has an
elevator. If a facility subject to the elevator exemption set forth in paragraph (i) nonetheless has a
passenger elevator, that elevator shall meet, to the maximum extent feasible, the accessibility
requirements of these guidelines.
(2) Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary Function: In addition to the requirements of 4.1.6(1), an
alteration that affects or could affect the usability of or access to an area containing a primary function
shall be made so as to ensure that, to the maximum extent feasible, the path of travel to the altered area
and the restrooms, telephones, and drinking fountains serving the altered area, are readily accessible to
and usable by individuals with disabilities, unless such alterations are disproportionate to the overall
alterations in terms of cost and scope (as determined under criteria established by the Attorney General).
(3) Special Technical Provisions for Alterations to Existing Buildings and Facilities:
(a) Ramps: Curb ramps and interior or exterior ramps to be constructed on sites or in existing buildings or

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facilities where space limitations prohibit the use of a 1:12 slope or less may have slopes and rises as
follows:
(i) A slope between 1:10 and 1:12 is allowed for a maximum rise of 6 inches (150 mm).

(ii) A slope between 1:8 and 1:10 is allowed for a maximum rise of 3 inches (75 mm). A slope steeper
than 1:8 is not allowed.
(b) Stairs: Full extension of handrails at stairs shall not be required in alterations where such extensions
would be hazardous or impossible due to plan configuration.
(c) Elevators:
(i) If safety door edges are provided in existing automatic elevators, automatic door reopening devices
may be omitted (see 4.10.6).
(ii) Where existing shaft configuration or technical infeasibility prohibits strict compliance with 4.10.9, the
minimum car plan dimensions may be reduced by the minimum amount necessary, but in no case shall
the inside car area be smaller than 48 in (1220 mm) by 48 in (1220 mm).
(iii) Equivalent facilitation may be provided with an elevator car of different dimensions when usability can
be demonstrated and when all other elements required to be accessible comply with the applicable
provisions of 4.10. For example, an elevator of 47 in by 69 in (1195 mm by 1755 mm) with a door
opening on the narrow dimension, could accommodate the standard wheelchair clearances shown in
Figure 4.
(d) Doors:
(i) Where it is technically infeasible to comply with clear opening width requirements of 4.13.5, a
projection of 5/8 in (16 mm) maximum will be permitted for the latch side stop.

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(e) Toilet Rooms:
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existing
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complying with 4.16 and one lavatory e
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14Noa. required standard stall (Fig. 30(a)), or where other codes
(ii) Where it is technically infeasible to install
(ii) If existing thresholds are 3/4 in (19 mm) high or less, and have (or are modified to have) a beveled
edge on each side, they may remain.

prohibit reduction of the fixture count (i.e., removal of a water closet in order to create a double-wide
stall), either alternate stall (Fig.30(b)) may be provided in lieu of the standard stall.
(iii) When existing toilet or bathing facilities are being altered and are not made accessible, signage
complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, 4.30.5, and 4.30.7 shall be provided indicating the location of
the nearest accessible toilet or bathing facility within the facility.
(f) Assembly Areas:
(i) Where it is technically infeasible to disperse accessible seating throughout an altered assembly area,
accessible seating areas may be clustered. Each accessible seating area shall have provisions for
companion seating and shall be located on an accessible route that also serves as a means of emergency
egress.
(ii) Where it is technically infeasible to alter all performing areas to be on an accessible route, at least one
of each type of performing area shall be made accessible.
(g) Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts): In alterations, platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) complying with 4.11
and applicable state or local codes may be used as part of an accessible route. The use of lifts is not
limited to the conditions in exception 4 of 4.1.3(5)
(h) Dressing Rooms: In alterations where technical infeasibility can be demonstrated, one dressing room
for each sex on each level shall be made accessible. Where only unisex dressing rooms are provided,
accessible unisex dressing rooms may be used to fulfill this requirement.
4.1.7 Accessible Buildings: Historic Preservation.
(1)* Applicability:

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(a) General Rule. Alterations to a qualified historic building or facility shall comply with 4.1.6 (Accessible

Buildings: Alterations), the applicable technical specifications of section 4 and the applicable special
application sections unless it is determined in accordance with the procedures in 4.1.7(2) that compliance
with the requirements for accessible routes (exterior and interior), ramps, entrances, or toilets would
threaten or destroy the historic significance of the building or facility in which case the alternative
requirements in 4.1.7(3) may be used for the feature. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: (Reserved).
(b) Definition. A qualified historic building or facility is a building or facility that is:
(i) Listed in or eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places; or
(ii) Designated as historic under an appropriate State or local law.
(2) Procedures:
(a) Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities Subject to Section 106 of the National Historic
Preservation Act:
(i) Section 106 Process. Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (16 U.S.C. 470 f) requires
that a Federal agency with jurisdiction over a Federal, federally assisted, or federally licensed undertaking
consider the effects of the agency's undertaking on buildings and facilities listed in or eligible for listing in
the National Register of Historic Places and give the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation a reasonable
opportunity to comment on the undertaking prior to approval of the undertaking.
(ii) ADA Application. Where alterations are undertaken to a qualified historic building or facility that is
subject to section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, the Federal agency with jurisdiction over
the undertaking shall follow the section 106 process. If the State Historic Preservation Officer or Advisory
Council on Historic Preservation agrees that compliance with the requirements for accessible routes
(exterior and interior), ramps, entrances, or toilets would threaten or destroy the historic significance of
the building or facility, the alternative requirements in 4.1.7(3) may be used for the feature.

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Historic Preservation Act. Where alterations are undertaken to a qualified historic building or facility201is
y of the alterations
,
unt
not subject to section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, if the entity undertaking 19
& Co and interior), ramps,
June
believes that compliance with the requirements for accessible routes (exterior on
City
entrances, or toilets would threaten or destroy the historic significance of the building or facility and that
la v. archived
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1
the alternative requirements in 4.1.7(3) should be used for the feature, the entity should consult with the
ed in Historic 752
State Historic Preservation Officer. cit
If the State 14-1Preservation Officer agrees that compliance with
No.
the accessibility requirements for accessible routes (exterior and interior), ramps, entrances or toilets
(b) Alterations to Qualified Historic Buildings and Facilities Not Subject to Section 106 of the National

would threaten or destroy the historical significance of the building or facility, the alternative requirements
in 4.1.7(3) may be used.
(c) Consultation With Interested Persons. Interested persons should be invited to participate in the
consultation process, including State or local accessibility officials, individuals with disabilities, and
organizations representing individuals with disabilities.
(d) Certified Local Government Historic Preservation Programs. Where the State Historic Preservation
Officer has delegated the consultation responsibility for purposes of this section to a local government
historic preservation program that has been certified in accordance with section 101(c) of the National
Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (16 U.S.C. 470a (c)) and implementing regulations (36 C.F.R. 61.5), the
responsibility may be carried out by the appropriate local government body or official.
(3) Historic Preservation: Minimum Requirements:
(a) At least one accessible route complying with 4.3 from a site access point to an accessible entrance shall
be provided.
EXCEPTION: A ramp with a slope no greater than 1:6 for a run not to exceed 2 ft (610 mm) may be used
as part of an accessible route to an entrance.
(b) At least one accessible entrance complying with 4.14 which is used by the public shall be provided.
EXCEPTION: If it is determined that no entrance used by the public can comply with 4.14, then access at
any entrance not used by the general public but open (unlocked) with directional signage at the primary
entrance may be used. The accessible entrance shall alsohave a notification system. Where security is a
problem, remote monitoring may be used.
(c) If toilets are provided, then at least one toilet facility complying with 4.22 and 4.1.6 shall be provided
along an accessible route that complies with 4.3. Such toilet facility may be unisex in design.
(d) Accessible routes from an accessible entrance to all publicly used spaces on at least the level of the

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accessible entrance shall be provided. Access shall be provided to all levels of a building or facility in
compliance with 4.1 whenever practical.

(e) Displays and written information, documents, etc., should be located where they can be seen by a
seated person. Exhibits and signage displayed horizontally (e.g., open books), should be no higher than 44
in (1120 mm) above the floor surface.
4.2 Space Allowance and Reach Ranges.
4.2.1* Wheelchair Passage Width. The minimum clear width for single wheelchair passage shall be 32
in (815 mm) at a point and 36 in (915 mm) continuously (see Fig. 1 and 24(e)). Appendix Note

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Minimum Clear Width for v. C Wheelchair
la Singlearchived
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4.2.2 Width for Wheelchair Passing. d in
e The minimum width for two wheelchairs to pass is 60 in (1525
-17
cit
mm) (see Fig. 2).
o. 14
N

Figure 2
Minimum Clear Width for Two Wheelchairs
4.2.3* Wheelchair Turning Space. The space required for a wheelchair to make a 180-degree turn is a
clear space of 60 in (1525 mm) diameter (see Fig. 3(a)) or a T-shaped space (see Fig. 3(b)). Appendix
Note

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Figure 3
Wheelchair Turning Space
4.2.4* Clear Floor or Ground Space for Wheelchairs.
4.2.4.1 Size and Approach. The minimum clear floor or ground space required to accommodate a single,
stationary wheelchair and occupant is 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) (see Fig. 4(a)). The minimum
clear floor or ground space for wheelchairs may be positioned for forward or parallel approach to an object
(see Fig. 4(b) and (c)). Clear floor or ground space for wheelchairs may be part of the knee space required
under some objects.
4.2.4.2 Relationship of Maneuvering Clearance to Wheelchair Spaces. One full unobstructed side of
the clear floor or ground space for a wheelchair shall adjoin or overlap an accessible route or adjoin
another wheelchair clear floor space. If a clear floor space is located in an alcove or otherwise confined on

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4.2.4.3 Surfaces for Wheelchair Spaces. Clear floor or ground spaces for wheelchairs shall comply with
y of
19,
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4.5. Appendix Note
& Co on June
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cit
No.
all or part of three sides, additional maneuvering clearances shall be provided as shown in Fig. 4(d) and
(e).

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Figure 4

Minimum Clear Floor Space for Wheelchairs
4.2.5* Forward Reach. If the clear floor space only allows forward approach to an object, the maximum
high forward reach allowed shall be 48 in (1220 mm) (see Fig. 5(a)). The minimum low forward reach is
15 in (380 mm). If the high forward reach is over an obstruction, reach and clearances shall be as shown
in Fig. 5(b). Appendix Note

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No. Figure 5
Forward Reach

4.2.6* Side Reach. If the clear floor space allows parallel approach by a person in a wheelchair, the
maximum high side reach allowed shall be 54 in (1370 mm) and the low side reach shall be no less than 9
in (230 mm) above the floor (Fig. 6(a) and (b)). If the side reach is over an obstruction, the reach and
clearances shall be as shown in Fig 6(c). Appendix Note

Figure 6
Side Reach

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4.3 Accessible Route.

4.3.1* General. All walks, halls, corridors, aisles, skywalks, tunnels, and other spaces that are part of an
accessible route shall comply with 4.3. Appendix Note
4.3.2 Location.
(1) At least one accessible route within the boundary of the site shall be provided from public
transportation stops, accessible parking, and accessible passenger loading zones, and public streets or
sidewalks to the accessible building entrance they serve. The accessible route shall, to the maximum
extent feasible, coincide with the route for the general public.
(2) At least one accessible route shall connect accessible buildings, facilities, elements, and spaces that
are on the same site.
(3) At least one accessible route shall connect accessible building or facility entrances with all accessible
spaces and elements and with all accessible dwelling units within the building or facility.
(4) An accessible route shall connect at least one accessible entrance of each accessible dwelling unit with
those exterior and interior spaces and facilities that serve the accessible dwelling unit.
4.3.3 Width. The minimum clear width of an accessible route shall be 36 in (915 mm) except at doors
(see 4.13.5 and 4.13.6). If a person in a wheelchair must make a turn around an obstruction, the
minimum clear width of the accessible route shall be as shown in Fig. 7(a) and (b).

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No.Figure 7(a)
Accessible Route
90 Degree Turn

Figure 7(b)
Accessible Route
Turns around an Obstruction

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Figure 7(c)
Accessible Route
Changes in level

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Figure 7(d)
Accessible Route
Changes in level
4.3.4 Passing Space. If an accessible route has less than 60 in (1525 mm) clear width, then passing
spaces at least 60 in by 60 in (1525 mm by 1525 mm) shall be located at reasonable intervals not to
exceed 200 ft (61 m). A T-intersection of two corridors or walks is an acceptable passing place.
4.3.5 Head Room. Accessible routes shall comply with 4.4.2.
4.3.6 Surface Textures. The surface of an accessible route shall comply with 4.5.
4.3.7 Slope. An accessible route with a running slope greater than 1:20 is a ramp and shall comply with
4.8. Nowhere shall the cross slope of an accessible route exceed 1:50.
4.3.8 Changes in Levels. Changes in levels along an accessible route shall comply with 4.5.2. If an
accessible route has changes in level greater than 1/2 in (13 mm), then a curb ramp, ramp, elevator, or
platform lift (as permitted in 4.1.3 and 4.1.6) shall be provided that complies with 4.7, 4.8, 4.10, or
4.11, respectively. An accessible route does not include stairs, steps, or escalators. See definition of
"egress, means of" in 3.5.
4.3.9 Doors. Doors along an accessible route shall comply with 4.13.
4.3.10* Egress. Accessible routes serving any accessible space or element shall also serve as a means of
egress for emergencies or connect to an accessible area of rescue assistance. Appendix Note
4.3.11 Areas of Rescue Assistance.
4.3.11.1 Location and Construction. An area of rescue assistance shall be one of the following:

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(1) A portion of a stairway landing within a smokeproof enclosure (complying with local requirements).
(2) A portion of an exterior exit balcony located immediately adjacent to an exit stairway when the balcony
complies with local requirements for exterior exit balconies. Openings to the interior of the building located
within 20 feet (6 m) of the area of rescue assistance shall be protected with fire assemblies having a
three- fourths hour fire protection rating.
(3) A portion of a one-hour fire-resistive corridor (complying with local requirements for fire-resistive
construction and for openings) located immediately adjacent to an exit enclosure.
(4) A vestibule located immediately adjacent to an exit enclosure and constructed to the same fireresistive standards as required for corridors and openings.
(5) A portion of a stairway landing within an exit enclosure which is vented to the exterior and is separated
from the interior of the building with not less than one-hour fire-resistive doors.
(6) When approved by the appropriate local authority, an area or a room which is separated from other
portions of the building by a smoke barrier. Smoke barriers shall have a fire-resistive rating of not less
than one hour and shall completely enclose the area or room. Doors in the smoke barrier shall be tightfitting smoke- and draft-control assemblies having a fire-protection rating of not less than 20 minutes and
shall be self-closing or automatic closing. The area or room shall be provided with an exit directly to an
exit enclosure. Where the room or area exits into an exit enclosure which is required to be of more than
one-hour fire- resistive construction, the room or area shall have the same fire- resistive construction,
including the same opening protection, as required for the adjacent exit enclosure.
(7) An elevator lobby when elevator shafts and adjacent lobbies are pressurized as required for
smokeproof enclosures by local regulations and when complying with requirements herein for size,
communication, and signage. Such pressurization system shall be activated by smoke detectors on each
floor located in a manner approved by the appropriate local authority. Pressurization equipment and its
duct work within the building shall be separated from other portions of the building by a minimum twohour fire- resistive construction.

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4.3.11.2 Size. Each area of rescue assistance shall provide at least two accessible areasSanbeing
each
17
y of shall not encroach
less than 30 inches by 48 inches (760 mm by 1220 mm). The area of rescue assistance
9, 20
nt
1
ou
n mm)
on any required exit width. The total number of such 30-inch by 48-inch C
& (760 mm by 1220e areas per
ityoccupantd on Ju by the area of
story shall be not less than one for every 200 persons of calculated
e load served
v. C
rescue assistance.
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EXCEPTION: The appropriate local cit
authority may reduce the minimum number of 30-inch by 48-inch (760
No.
mm by 1220 mm) areas to one for each area of rescue assistance on floors where the occupant load is
less than 200.
4.3.11.3* Stairway Width. Each stairway adjacent to an area of rescue assistance shall have a minimum
clear width of 48 inches between handrails. Appendix Note
4.3.11.4* Two-way Communication. A method of two-way communication, with both visible and
audible signals, shall be provided between each area of rescue assistance and the primary entry. The fire
department or appropriate local authority may approve a location other than the primary entry. Appendix
Note
4.3.11.5 Identification. Each area of rescue assistance shall be identified by a sign which states "AREA
OF RESCUE ASSISTANCE" and displays the international symbol of accessibility. The sign shall be
illuminated when exit sign illumination is required. Signage shall also be installed at all inaccessible exits
and where otherwise necessary to clearly indicate the direction to areas of rescue assistance. In each area
of rescue assistance, instructions on the use of the area under emergency conditions shall be posted
adjoining the two-way communication system.
4.4 Protruding Objects.
4.4.1* General. Objects projecting from walls (for example, telephones) with their leading edges
between 27 in and 80 in (685 mm and 2030 mm) above the finished floor shall protrude no more than 4 in
(100 mm) into walks, halls, corridors, passageways, or aisles (see Fig. 8(a)). Objects mounted with their
leading edges at or below 27 in (685 mm) above the finished floor may protrude any amount (see Fig.
8(a) and (b)). Free-standing objects mounted on posts or pylons may overhang 12 in (305 mm) maximum
from 27 in to 80 in (685 mm to 2030 mm) above the ground or finished floor (see Fig. 8(c) and (d)).
Protruding objects shall not reduce the clear width of an accessible route or maneuvering space (see Fig.
8(e)). Appendix Note

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4.4.2 Head Room. Walks, halls, corridors, passageways, aisles, or other circulation spaces shall have 80
in (2030 mm) minimum clear head room (see Fig. 8(a)). If vertical clearance of an area adjoining an
accessible route is reduced to less than 80 in (nominal dimension), a barrier to warn blind or visuallyimpaired persons shall be provided (see Fig. 8(c-1)).

Figure 8a
Protruding Objects
Walking Parallel to a Wall

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Figure 8b
Protruding Objects
Walking Perpendicular to a Wall

Figure 8c

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Protruding Objects

Free-Standing Overhanging Objects

Figure 8c-1
Protruding Objects
Overhead Hazards

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Figure 8d
Protruding Objects
Objects Mounted on Posts or Pylons

Figure 8e
Protruding Objects
Example of Protection around Wall-Mounted Objects and Measurements of Clear Widths
4.5 Ground and Floor Surfaces.

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4.5.1* General. Ground and floor surfaces along accessible routes and in accessible rooms and spaces

including floors, walks, ramps, stairs, and curb ramps, shall be stable, firm, slip-resistant, and shall comply
with 4.5. Appendix Note
4.5.2 Changes in Level. Changes in level up to 1/4 in (6 mm) may be vertical and without edge
treatment (see Fig. 7(c) ). Changes in level between 1/4 in and 1/2 in (6 mm and 13 mm) shall be
beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2 (see Fig. 7(d) ). Changes in level greater than 1/2 in (13 mm)
shall be accomplished by means of a ramp that complies with 4.7 or 4.8.
4.5.3* Carpet. If carpet or carpet tile is used on a ground or floor surface, then it shall be securely
attached; have a firm cushion, pad, or backing, or no cushion or pad; and have a level loop, textured loop,
level cut pile, or level cut/uncut pile texture. The maximum pile thickness shall be 1/2 in (13 mm) (see
Fig. 8(f)). Exposed edges of carpet shall be fastened to floor surfaces and have trim along the entire
length of the exposed edge. Carpet edge trim shall comply with 4.5.2. Appendix Note

Figure 8F
Carpet Pile Thickness

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4.5.4 Gratings. If gratings are located in walking surfaces, then they shall have spaces no greater than
1/2 in (13 mm) wide in one direction (see Fig. 8(g)). If gratings have elongated openings, then they shall
be placed so that the long dimension is perpendicular to the dominant direction of travel(see Fig. 8(h)).

Figure 8G
Gratings

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Figure 8h
Gratings Orientation
4.6 Parking and Passenger Loading Zones.
4.6.1 Minimum Number. Parking spaces required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.6.2
through 4.6.5. Passenger loading zones required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.6.5 and
4.6.6.
4.6.2 Location. Accessible parking spaces serving a particular building shall be located on the shortest
accessible route of travel from adjacent parking to an accessible entrance. In parking facilities that do not
serve a particular building, accessible parking shall be located on the shortest accessible route of travel to
an accessible pedestrian entrance of the parking facility. In buildings with multiple accessible entrances
with adjacent parking, accessible parking spaces shall be dispersed and located closest to the accessible
entrances.
4.6.3* Parking Spaces. Accessible parking spaces shall be at least 96 in (2440 mm) wide. Parking
access aisles shall be part of an accessible route to the building or facility entrance and shall comply with
4.3. Two accessible parking spaces may share a common access aisle (see Fig. 9). Parked vehicle
overhangs shall not reduce the clear width of an accessible route. Parking spaces and access aisles shall be
level with surface slopes not exceeding 1:50 (2%) in all directions. Appendix Note

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Figure 9 . Ci
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DimensionsiroParking arch
K of 521
ed in 1be-designated as reserved by a sign showing the symbol
17
cit
4.6.4* Signage. Accessible parking spaces shall 4
o. with 4.1.2(5)(b) shall have an additional sign "VanN
of accessibility (see 4.30.7). Spaces complying
Accessible" mounted below the symbol of accessibility. Such signs shall be located so they cannot be
obscured by a vehicle parked in the space. Appendix Note
4.6.5* Vertical Clearance. Provide minimum vertical clearance of 114 in (2895 mm) at accessible
passenger loading zones and along at least one vehicle access route to such areas from site entrance(s)
and exit(s). At parking spaces complying with 4.1.2(5)(b), provide minimum vertical clearance of 98 in
(2490 mm) at the parking space and along at least one vehicle access route to such spaces from site
entrance(s) and exit(s). Appendix Note
4.6.6 Passenger Loading Zones. Passenger loading zones shall provide an access aisle at least 60 in
(1525 mm) wide and 20 ft (240 in)(6100 mm) long adjacent and parallel to the vehicle pull-up space (see
Fig. 10). If there are curbs between the access aisle and the vehicle pull-up space, then a curb ramp
complying with 4.7 shall be provided. Vehicle standing spaces and access aisles shall be level with surface
slopes not exceeding 1:50 (2%) in all directions.

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Figure 10
Access Aisle at Passenger Loading Zones
4.7 Curb Ramps.
4.7.1 Location. Curb ramps complying with 4.7 shall be provided wherever an accessible route crosses a
curb.
4.7.2 Slope. Slopes of curb ramps shall comply with 4.8.2. The slope shall be measured as shown in Fig.
11. Transitions from ramps to walks, gutters, or streets shall be flush and free of abrupt changes.
Maximum slopes of adjoining gutters, road surface immediately adjacent to the curb ramp, or accessible
route shall not exceed 1:20.

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No. Figure 11
Measurement of Curb Ramp Slopes
4.7.3 Width. The minimum width of a curb ramp shall be 36 in (915 mm), exclusive of flared sides.
4.7.4 Surface. Surfaces of curb ramps shall comply with 4.5.
4.7.5 Sides of Curb Ramps. If a curb ramp is located where pedestrians must walk across the ramp, or
where it is not protected by handrails or guardrails, it shall have flared sides; the maximum slope of the
flare shall be 1:10 (see Fig. 12(a)). Curb ramps with returned curbs may be used where pedestrians would
not normally walk across the ramp (see Fig. 12(b)).

Figure 12(a)
Sides of Curb Ramps
Flared Sides

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Figure 12(b)
Sides of Curb Ramps
Returned Curb
4.7.6 Built-up Curb Ramps. Built-up curb ramps shall be located so that they do not project into
vehicular traffic lanes (see Fig. 13).

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Figure 13 1
in Ki
ed Built-Up -1752
cit
14 Curb Ramp
No.

4.7.7 Detectable Warnings. A curb ramp shall have a detectable warning complying with 4.29.2. The
detectable warning shall extend the full width and depth of the curb ramp.
4.7.8 Obstructions. Curb ramps shall be located or protected to prevent their obstruction by parked
vehicles.

4.7.9 Location at Marked Crossings. Curb ramps at marked crossings shall be wholly contained within
the markings, excluding any flared sides (see Fig. 15).

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Figure 15a
Curb Ramp at Marked Crossings

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Figure 15b
Curb Ramp at Marked Crossings

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Figure 15c
Curb Ramp at Marked Crossings

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Figure 15d
Curb Ramp at Marked Crossings
4.7.10 Diagonal Curb Ramps. If diagonal (or corner type) curb ramps have returned curbs or other
well-defined edges, such edges shall be parallel to the direction of pedestrian flow. The bottom of diagonal
curb ramps shall have 48 in (1220 mm) minimum clear space as shown in Fig. 15(c) and (d). If diagonal
curb ramps are provided at marked crossings, the 48 in (1220 mm) clear space shall be within the
markings (see Fig. 15(c) and (d)). If diagonal curb ramps have flared sides, they shall also have at least a
24 in (610 mm) long segment of straight curb located on each side of the curb ramp and within the
marked crossing (see Fig. 15(c)).
4.7.11 Islands. Any raised islands in crossings shall be cut through level with the street or have curb
ramps at both sides and a level area at least 48 in (1220 mm) long between the curb ramps in the part of
the island intersected by the crossings (see Fig. 15(a) and (b)).

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4.8 Ramps.
4.8.1* General. Any part of an accessible route with a slope greater than 1:20 shall be considered a
ramp and shall comply with 4.8. Appendix Note
4.8.2* Slope and Rise. The least possible slope shall be used for any ramp. The maximum slope of a
ramp in new construction shall be 1:12. The maximum rise for any run shall be 30 in (760 mm) (see Fig.
16). Curb ramps and ramps to be constructed on existing sites or in existing buildings or facilities may
have slopes and rises as allowed in 4.1.6(3)(a) if space limitations prohibit the use of a 1:12 slope or
less. Appendix Note

Figure 16
Components of a Single Ramp Run and Sample Ramp Dimensions

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4.8.4* Landings. Ramps shall have level landings at bottom and top of each ramp and San
each ramp run. 7
201
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Landings shall have the following features:
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(1) The landing shall be at least as wide as the ramp run leadingtto it.
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(2) The landing length shall be a minimum of 60 in (1525 mm) clear.
in Ki 17521 a
cited
14(3) If ramps change direction at landings, the .minimum landing size shall be 60 in by 60 in (1525 mm by
No
4.8.3 Clear Width. The minimum clear width of a ramp shall be 36 in (915 mm).

1525 mm).

(4) If a doorway is located at a landing, then the area in front of the doorway shall comply with 4.13.6.
Appendix Note
4.8.5* Handrails. If a ramp run has a rise greater than 6 in (150 mm) or a horizontal projection greater
than 72 in (1830 mm), then it shall have handrails on both sides. Handrails are not required on curb
ramps or adjacent to seating in assembly areas. Handrails shall comply with 4.26 and shall have the
following features:
(1) Handrails shall be provided along both sides of ramp segments. The inside handrail on switchback or
dogleg ramps shall always be continuous.
(2) If handrails are not continuous, they shall extend at least 12 in (305 mm) beyond the top and bottom
of the ramp segment and shall be parallel with the floor or ground surface (see Fig. 17).

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Figure 17
Examples of Edge Protection and Handrail Extensions
(3) The clear space between the handrail and the wall shall be 1 - 1/2 in (38 mm).

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(4) Gripping surfaces shall be continuous.
San 20 7
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(5) Top of handrail gripping surfaces shall be mounted between 34 in and 38unt
in (865 mm
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above ramp surfaces.
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la smoothlyrto hivewall, or post.
(6) Ends of handrails shall be either rounded orKiro
returned
floor,
in
21 a
ite
-175
ctheirdfittings. Appendix Note
(7) Handrails shall not rotate within
14
No.
4.8.6 Cross Slope and Surfaces. The cross slope of ramp surfaces shall be no greater than 1:50. Ramp
surfaces shall comply with 4.5.

4.8.7 Edge Protection. Ramps and landings with drop-offs shall have curbs, walls, railings, or projecting
surfaces that prevent people from slipping off the ramp. Curbs shall be a minimum of 2 in (50 mm) high
(see Fig. 17).
4.8.8 Outdoor Conditions. Outdoor ramps and their approaches shall be designed so that water will not
accumulate on walking surfaces.
4.9 Stairs.
4.9.1* Minimum Number. Stairs required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.9. Appendix Note
4.9.2 Treads and Risers. On any given flight of stairs, all steps shall have uniform riser heights and
uniform tread widths. Stair treads shall be no less than 11 in (280 mm) wide, measured from riser to riser
(see Fig. 18(a)). Open risers are not permitted.

Figure 18

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Usable Tread Width and Examples of Acceptable Nosings

Figure 18a
Usable Tread Width and Examples of Acceptable Nosings - Flush Riser
4.9.3 Nosings. The undersides of nosings shall not be abrupt. The radius of curvature at the leading edge
of the tread shall be no greater than 1/2 in (13 mm). Risers shall be sloped or the underside of the nosing
shall have an angle not less than 60 degrees from the horizontal. Nosings shall project no more than 1-1/2
in (38 mm) (see Fig. 18).
4.9.4* Handrails. Stairways shall have handrails at both sides of all stairs. Handrails shall comply with
4.26 and shall have the following features:
(1) Handrails shall be continuous along both sides of stairs. The inside handrail on switchback or dogleg
stairs shall always be continuous (see Fig. 19(a) and (b)).

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Figure 19a
Stair Handrails - Plan
NOTE:
X is the 12 in minimum handrail extension required at each top riser.
Y is the minimum handrail extension of 12 in plus the width of one tread that is required at each bottom
riser.

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Figure 19b
Stair Handrails - Elevation of Center Handrail
NOTE:
X is the 12 in minimum handrail extension required at each top riser.
Y is the minimum handrail extension of 12 in plus the width of one tread that is required at each bottom
riser.

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Figure 19c
Stair Handrails - Extension at Bottom of Run
NOTE:
X is the 12 in minimum handrail extension required at each top riser.
Y is the minimum handrail extension of 12 in plus the width of one tread that is required at each bottom
riser.

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Figure 19d
Stair Handrails - Extension at Top of Run
NOTE:
X is the 12 in minimum handrail extension required at each top riser.
Y is the minimum handrail extension of 12 in plus the width of one tread that is required at each bottom
riser.

(2) If handrails are not continuous, they shall extend at least 12 in (305 mm) beyond the top riser and at
least 12 in (305 mm) plus the width of one tread beyond the bottom riser. At the top, the extension shall
be parallel with the floor or ground surface. At the bottom, the handrail shall continue to slope for a
distance of the width of one tread from the bottom riser; the remainder of the extension shall be

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(3) The clear space between handrails and wall shall be 1-1/2 in (38 mm).
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(4) Gripping surfaces shall be uninterrupted by newel posts, other construction elements, e obstructions.
& Co on Junor
City
(5) Top of handrail gripping surface shall be mounted between 34 in andved (865 mm and 965 mm)
la v. archi 38 in
Kiro
above stair nosings.
1
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it
crounded or returned smoothly to floor, wall or post.
(6) Ends of handrails shall be either
No.

horizontal (see Fig. 19(c) and (d)). Handrail extensions shall comply with 4.4.

(7) Handrails shall not rotate within their fittings. Appendix Note
4.9.5 Detectable Warnings at Stairs. (Reserved).
4.9.6 Outdoor Conditions. Outdoor stairs and their approaches shall be designed so that water will not
accumulate on walking surfaces.
4.10 Elevators.
4.10.1 General. Accessible elevators shall be on an accessible route and shall comply with 4.10 and with
the ASME A17.1-1990, Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators. Freight elevators shall not be considered
as meeting the requirements of this section unless the only elevators provided are used as combination
passenger and freight elevators for the public and employees.
4.10.2 Automatic Operation. Elevator operation shall be automatic. Each car shall be equipped with a
self-leveling feature that will automatically bring the car to floor landings within a tolerance of 1/2 in (13
mm) under rated loading to zero loading conditions. This self-leveling feature shall be automatic and
independent of the operating device and shall correct the overtravel or undertravel.
4.10.3 Hall Call Buttons. Call buttons in elevator lobbies and halls shall be centered at 42 in (1065 mm)
above the floor. Such call buttons shall have visual signals to indicate when each call is registered and
when each call is answered. Call buttons shall be a minimum of 3/4 in (19 mm) in the smallest dimension.
The button designating the up direction shall be on top. (See Fig. 20.) Buttons shall be raised or flush.
Objects mounted beneath hall call buttons shall not project into the elevator lobby more than 4 in (100
mm).

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Figure 20
Hoistway and Elevator Entrances
NOTE:
The automatic door reopening device is activated if an object passes through either line A or line B. Line A
and line B represent the vertical locations of the door reopening device not requiring contact.
4.10.4 Hall Lanterns. A visible and audible signal shall be provided at each hoistway entrance to indicate
which car is answering a call. Audible signals shall sound once for the up direction and twice for the down
direction or shall have verbal annunciators that say "up" or "down." Visible signals shall have the following
features:

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(2) Visual elements shall be at least 2-1/2 in (64 mm) in the smallest dimension.
& Co on June
City v 20).
(3) Signals shall be visible from the vicinity of the hall call button (see Fig.ed In-car lanterns located in
la v. archiabove requirements, shall be
cars, visible from the vicinity of hall call buttons, and conforming to the
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acceptable.
cit
No.
(1) Hall lantern fixtures shall be mounted so that their centerline is at least 72 in (1830 mm) above the
lobby floor. (See Fig. 20.)

4.10.5 Raised and Braille Characters on Hoistway Entrances. All elevator hoistway entrances shall

have raised and Braille floor designations provided on both jambs. The centerline of the characters shall be
60 in (1525 mm) above finish floor. Such characters shall be 2 in (50 mm) high and shall comply with
4.30.4. Permanently applied plates are acceptable if they are permanently fixed to the jambs. (See Fig.
20).
4.10.6* Door Protective and Reopening Device. Elevator doors shall open and close automatically.
They shall be provided with a reopening device that will stop and reopen a car door and hoistway door
automatically if the door becomes obstructed by an object or person. The device shall be capable of
completing these operations without requiring contact for an obstruction passing through the opening at
heights of 5 in and 29 in (125 mm and 735 mm) above finish floor (see Fig. 20). Door reopening devices
shall remain effective for at least 20 seconds. After such an interval, doors may close in accordance with
the requirements of ASME A17.1-1990. Appendix Note
4.10.7* Door and Signal Timing for Hall Calls. The minimum acceptable time from notification that a
car is answering a call until the doors of that car start to close shall be calculated from the following
equation:
T = D/(1.5 ft/s) or T = D/(445 mm/s)
where T total time in seconds and D distance (in feet or millimeters) from a point in the lobby or corridor
60 in (1525 mm) directly in front of the farthest call button controlling that car to the centerline of its
hoistway door (see Fig. 21). For cars with in-car lanterns, T begins when the lantern is visible from the
vicinity of hall call buttons and an audible signal is sounded. The minimum acceptable notification time
shall be 5 seconds. Appendix Note

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Figure 21
Graph of Timing Equation
4.10.8 Door Delay for Car Calls. The minimum time for elevator doors to remain fully open in response
to a car call shall be 3 seconds.
4.10.9 Floor Plan of Elevator Cars. The floor area of elevator cars shall provide space for wheelchair
users to enter the car, maneuver within reach of controls, and exit from the car. Acceptable door opening
and inside dimensions shall be as shown in Fig. 22. The clearance between the car platform sill and the
edge of any hoistway landing shall be no greater than 1-1/4 in (32 mm).

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Figure 22
Minimum Dimensions of Elevator Cars
4.10.10 Floor Surfaces. Floor surfaces shall comply with 4.5.
4.10.11 Illumination Levels. The level of illumination at the car controls, platform, and car threshold
and landing sill shall be at least 5 footcandles (53.8 lux).
4.10.12* Car Controls. Elevator control panels shall have the following features:
(1) Buttons. All control buttons shall be at least 3/4 in (19 mm) in their smallest dimension. They shall be
raised or flush.
(2) Tactile, Braille, and Visual Control Indicators. All control buttons shall be designated by Braille and by
raised standard alphabet characters for letters, arabic characters for numerals, or standard symbols as
shown in Fig. 23(a), and as required in ASME A17.1-1990. Raised and Braille characters and symbols shall
comply with 4.30. The call button for the main entry floor shall be designated by a raised star at the left of
the floor designation (see Fig. 23(a)). All raised designations for control buttons shall be placed
immediately to the left of the button to which they apply. Applied plates, permanently attached, are an

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acceptable means to provide raised control designations. Floor buttons shall be provided with visual

indicators to show when each call is registered. The visual indicators shall be extinguished when each call
is answered.
(3) Height. All floor buttons shall be no higher than 54 in (1370 mm) above the finish floor for side
approach and 48 in (1220 mm) for front approach. Emergency controls, including the emergency alarm
and emergency stop, shall be grouped at the bottom of the panel and shall have their centerlines no less
than 35 in (890 mm) above the finish floor (see Fig. 23(a) and (b)).
(4) Location. Controls shall be located on a front wall if cars have center opening doors, and at the side
wall or at the front wall next to the door if cars have side opening doors (see Fig. 23(c) and (d)).
Appendix Note

Figure 23a
Car Controls
Panel Detail

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Figure 23b
Car Controls
Car Control Height

Figure 23c
Car Controls
Alternate Locations of Panel with Center Opening Door

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Figure 23d
Car Controls
Alternate Locations of Panel with Side Opening Door
4.10.13* Car Position Indicators. In elevator cars, a visual car position indicator shall be provided
above the car control panel or over the door to show the position of the elevator in the hoistway. As the
car passes or stops at a floor served by the elevators, the corresponding numerals shall illuminate, and an
audible signal shall sound. Numerals shall be a minimum of 1/2 in (13 mm) high. The audible signal shall
be no less than 20 decibels with a frequency no higher than 1500 Hz. An automatic verbal announcement
of the floor number at which a car stops or which a car passes may be substituted for the audible signal.
Appendix Note
4.10.14* Emergency Communications. If provided, emergency two-way communication systems
between the elevator and a point outside the hoistway shall comply with ASME A17.1-1990. The highest
operable part of a two-way communication system shall be a maximum of 48 in (1220 mm) from the floor
of the car. It shall be identified by a raised symbol and lettering complying with 4.30 and located adjacent
to the device. If the system uses a handset then the length of the cord from the panel to the handset shall
be at least 29 in (735 mm). If the system is located in a closed compartment the compartment door

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hardware shall conform to 4.27, Controls and Operating Mechanisms. The emergency intercommunication
San 2017
system shall not require voice communication. Appendix Note
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4.11 Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts).
City ved
la v.by 4.1 rchicomply with the requirements of
4.11.1 Location. Platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) permitted 1 a shall
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4.11.
cit
No.
4.11.2* Other Requirements. If platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) are used, they shall comply with 4.2.4,
4.5, 4.27, and ASME A17.1 Safety Code for Elevators and Escalators, Section XX, 1990. Appendix Note
4.11.3 Entrance. If platform lifts are used then they shall facilitate unassisted entry, operation, and exit
from the lift in compliance with 4.11.2.
4.12 Windows.
4.12.1* General. (Reserved). Appendix Note
4.12.2* Window Hardware. (Reserved). Appendix Note
4.13 Doors.
4.13.1 General. Doors required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with the requirements of 4.13.
4.13.2 Revolving Doors and Turnstiles. Revolving doors or turnstiles shall not be the only means of
passage at an accessible entrance or along an accessible route. An accessible gate or door shall be
provided adjacent to the turnstile or revolving door and shall be so designed as to facilitate the same use
pattern.
4.13.3 Gates. Gates, including ticket gates, shall meet all applicable specifications of 4.13.
4.13.4 Double-Leaf Doorways. If doorways have two independently operated door leaves, then at least
one leaf shall meet the specifications in 4.13.5 and 4.13.6. That leaf shall be an active leaf.
4.13.5 Clear Width. Doorways shall have a minimum clear opening of 32 in (815 mm) with the door
open 90 degrees, measured between the face of the door and the opposite stop (see Fig. 24(a), (b), (c),
and (d)). Openings more than 24 in (610 mm) in depth shall comply with 4.2.1 and 4.3.3 (see Fig.
24(e)).

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EXCEPTION: Doors not requiring full user passage, such as shallow closets, may have the clear opening
reduced to 20 in (510 mm) minimum.

Figure 24a
Clear Doorway Width and Depth Detail

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Figure 24b
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Clear Doorway Width andity
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No

Figure 24c
Clear Doorway Width and Depth
Sliding Door

Figure 24d
Clear Doorway Width and Depth
Folding Door

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Figure 24e
Clear Doorway Width and Depth
Maximum Doorway Depth

4.13.6 Maneuvering Clearances at Doors. Minimum maneuvering clearances at doors that are not
automatic or power-assisted shall be as shown in Fig. 25. The floor or ground area within the required
clearances shall be level and clear.
EXCEPTION: Entry doors to acute care hospital bedrooms for in-patients shall be exempted from the
requirement for space at the latch side of the door (see dimension "x" in Fig. 25) if the door is at least 44 in
(1120 mm) wide.

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Figure 25
Maneuvering Clearances at Doors
4.13.7 Two Doors in Series. The minimum space between two hinged or pivoted doors in series shall be
48 in (1220 mm) plus the width of any door swinging into the space. Doors in series shall swing either in
the same direction or away from the space between the doors (see Fig. 26).

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Figure 26
Two Hinged Doors in Series
4.13.8* Thresholds at Doorways. Thresholds at doorways shall not exceed 3/4 in (19 mm) in height for
exterior sliding doors or 1/2 in (13 mm) for other types of doors. Raised thresholds and floor level changes
at accessible doorways shall be beveled with a slope no greater than 1:2 (see 4.5.2). Appendix Note
4.13.9* Door Hardware. Handles, pulls, latches, locks, and other operating devices on accessible doors
shall have a shape that is easy to grasp with one hand and does not require tight grasping, tight pinching,
or twisting of the wrist to operate. Lever-operated mechanisms, push-type mechanisms, and U-shaped
handles are acceptable designs. When sliding doors are fully open, operating hardware shall be exposed
and usable from both sides. Hardware required for accessible door passage shall be mounted no higher
than 48 in (1220 mm) above finished floor. Appendix Note
4.13.10* Door Closers. If a door has a closer, then the sweep period of the closer shall be adjusted so
that from an open position of 70 degrees, the door will take at least 3 seconds to move to a point 3 in (75
mm) from the latch, measured to the leading edge of the door. Appendix Note
4.13.11* Door Opening Force. The maximum force for pushing or pulling open a door shall be as
follows:

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(2) Other doors.
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(a) exterior hinged doors: (Reserved).
& Co on June
(b) interior hinged doors: 5 lbf (22.2N)
City
la v. archived
(c) sliding or folding doors: 5 lbf (22.2N)
Kiro
1
ed in to 4-1752 bolts or disengage other devices that may
These forces do not apply to the force required
cit
1retract latch
hold the door in a closed position. Appendix Note
No.
(1) Fire doors shall have the minimum opening force allowable by the appropriate administrative authority.

4.13.12* Automatic Doors and Power-Assisted Doors. If an automatic door is used, then it shall
comply with ANSI/BHMA A156.10-1985. Slowly opening, low-powered, automatic doors shall comply with
ANSI A156.19-1984. Such doors shall not open to back check faster than 3 seconds and shall require no
more than 15 lbf (66.6N) to stop door movement. If a power-assisted door is used, its door-opening force
shall comply with 4.13.11 and its closing shall conform to the requirements in ANSI A156.19-1984.
Appendix Note
4.14 Entrances.
4.14.1 Minimum Number. Entrances required to be accessible by 4.1 shall be part of an accessible route
complying with 4.3. Such entrances shall be connected by an accessible route to public transportation
stops, to accessible parking and passenger loading zones, and to public streets or sidewalks if available
(see 4.3.2(1)). They shall also be connected by an accessible route to all accessible spaces or elements
within the building or facility.
4.14.2 Service Entrances. A service entrance shall not be the sole accessible entrance unless it is the
only entrance to a building or facility (for example, in a factory or garage).
4.15 Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers.
4.15.1Minimum Number. Drinking fountains or water coolers required to be accessible by 4.1 shall
comply with 4.15.
4.15.2* Spout Height. Spouts shall be no higher than 36 in (915 mm), measured from the floor or
ground surfaces to the spout outlet (see Fig. 27(a)). Appendix Note
4.15.3 Spout Location. The spouts of drinking fountains and water coolers shall be at the front of the
unit and shall direct the water flow in a trajectory that is parallel or nearly parallel to the front of the unit.

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The spout shall provide a flow of water at least 4 in (100 mm) high so as to allow the insertion of a cup or
glass under the flow of water. On an accessible drinking fountain with a round or oval bowl, the spout
must be positioned so the flow of water is within 3 in (75 mm) of the front edge of the fountain.

4.15.4 Controls. Controls shall comply with 4.27.4. Unit controls shall be front mounted or side mounted
near the front edge.
4.15.5 Clearances.
(1) Wall- and post-mounted cantilevered units shall have a clear knee space between the bottom of the
apron and the floor or ground at least 27 in (685 mm) high, 30 in (760 mm) wide, and 17 in to 19 in (430
mm to 485 mm) deep (see Fig. 27(a) and (b)). Such units shall also have a minimum clear floor space 30
in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) to allow a person in a wheelchair to approach the unit facing forward.
EXCEPTION: These clearances shall not be required at units used primarily by children ages 12 and younger
where clear floor space for a parallel approach complying with 4.2.4 is provided and where the spout is no
higher than 30 in (760 mm), measured from the floor or ground surface to the spout outlet.
(2) Free-standing or built-in units not having a clear space under them shall have a clear floor space at
least 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) that allows a person in a wheelchair to make a parallel
approach to the unit (see Fig. 27(c) and (d)). This clear floor space shall comply with 4.2.4.

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o
Figure 27a
n Kir - 521
Drinking Fountains anded i Coolers 7Spout Height and Knee Clearance
Water
cit
14-1
No.

Figure 27b
Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers - Clear Floor Space

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Figure 27c
Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers - Free-Standing Fountain or Cooler

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Figure 27d
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Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers - Built-In Fountain t
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4.16 Water Closets.
in
cited . 14-17
4.16.1 General. Accessible water closets shall comply with 4.16.2 through 4.16.6.
No
EXCEPTION: Water closets used primarily by children ages 12 and younger shall be permitted to comply
with 4.16.7.
4.16.2 Clear Floor Space. Clear floor space for water closets not in stalls shall comply with Fig. 28. Clear
floor space may be arranged to allow either a left-handed or right-handed approach.

Figure 28
Clear Floor Space at Water Closets
4.16.3* Height. The height of water closets shall be 17 in to 19 in (430 mm to 485 mm), measured to
the top of the toilet seat (see Fig. 29(b)). Seats shall not be sprung to return to a lifted position.
Appendix Note
4.16.4* Grab Bars. Grab bars for water closets not located in stalls shall comply with 4.26 and Fig. 29.
The grab bar behind the water closet shall be 36 in (915 mm) minimum. Appendix Note

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Figure 29
Grab Bars at Water Closets

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Figure 29b
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Grab Bars at Water Closets
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City
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ed inbe14-1operated or automatic and shall comply with
4.16.5* Flush Controls. Flush controls shall
hand 7
cit
o. on the wide side of toilet areas no more than 44 in
mounted
4.27.4. Controls for flush valves shall be N
(1120 mm) above the floor. Appendix Note

4.16.6 Dispensers. Toilet paper dispensers shall be installed within reach, as shown in Fig. 29(b).
Dispensers that control delivery, or that do not permit continuous paper flow, shall not be used.
4.16.7* Water Closets for Children. Water closets used primarily by children ages 12 and younger shall
comply with 4.16.7 as permitted by 4.16.1. Appendix Note
(1) Clear Floor Space. Clear floor space for water closets not in stalls shall comply with Fig. 28 except that
the centerline of water closets shall be 12 in minimum to 18 in maximum (305 mm to 455 mm) from the
side wall or partition. Clear floor space may be arranged to allow either a left- or right-hand approach.
(2)Height. The height of water closets shall be 11 in minimum to 17 in maximum (280 mm to 430 mm),
measured to the top of the toilet seat. Seats shall not be sprung to return to a lifted position.
(3) Grab Bars. Grab bars for water closets not located in stalls shall comply with 4.26 and Fig. 29 except
that grab bars shall be mounted 18 in minimum to 27 in maximum (455 mm to 685 mm) above the finish
floor measured to the grab bar centerline. The grab bar behind the water closet shall be 36 in (915 mm)
minimum.
EXCEPTION: If administrative authorities require flush controls for flush valves to be located in a position
that conflicts with the location of the rear grab bar, then that grab bar may be split or, at water closets with
a centerline placement below 15 in (380 mm), a rear grab bar 24 in (610 mm) minimum on the open side
of the toilet area shall be permitted.
(4) Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be hand operated or automatic and shall comply with 4.27.4.
Controls for flush valves shall be mounted on the wide side of the toilet area no more than 36 in (915 mm)
above the floor.
(5) Dispensers. Toilet paper dispensers shall be installed 14 in minimum to 19 in maximum (355 mm to

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485 mm) above the finish floor measured to the dispenser centerline. Dispensers that control delivery, or
that do not permit continuous paper flow, shall not be used.
4.17 Toilet Stalls.

4.17.1 Location. Accessible toilet stalls shall be on an accessible route and shall meet the requirements of
4.17.2 through 4.17.6.
EXCEPTION: Toilet stalls used primarily by children ages 12 and younger shall be permitted to comply with
4.17.7.
4.17.2 Water Closets. Water closets in accessible stalls shall comply with 4.16.
4.17.3* Size and Arrangement. The size and arrangement of the standard toilet stall shall comply with
Fig. 30(a), Standard Stall. Standard toilet stalls with a minimum depth of 56 in (1420 mm) (see Fig. 30(a))
shall have wall-mounted water closets. If the depth of a standard toilet stall is increased at least 3 in (75
mm), then a floor-mounted water closet may be used. Arrangements shown for standard toilet stalls may
be reversed to allow either a left- or right-hand approach. Additional stalls shall be provided in conformance
with 4.22.4. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: In instances of alteration work where provision of a standard stall (Fig. 30(a)) is technically
infeasible or where plumbing code requirements prevent combining existing stalls to provide space, either
alternate stall (Fig. 30(b)) may be provided in lieu of the standard stall.
4.17.4 Toe Clearances. In standard stalls, the front partition and at least one side partition shall provide
a toe clearance of at least 9 in (230 mm) above the floor. If the depth of the stall is greater than 60 in
(1525 mm), then the toe clearance is not required.
4.17.5* Doors. Toilet stall doors, including door hardware, shall comply with 4.13. If toilet stall approach
is from the latch side of the stall door, clearance between the door side of the stall and any obstruction
may be reduced to a minimum of 42 in (1065 mm) (Fig. 30). Appendix Note
4.17.6 Grab Bars. Grab bars complying with the length and positioning shown in Fig. 30(a), (b), (c), and
(d) shall be provided. Grab bars may be mounted with any desired method as long as they have a gripping
surface at the locations shown and do not obstruct the required clear floor area. Grab bars shall comply
with 4.26.

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Figure 30a
Toilet Stalls
Standard Stall

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Figure 30a1
Toilet Stalls
Standard Stall (end of row)

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Figure 30b
Toilet Stalls
Alternate Stalls

Figure 30c
Toilet Stalls
Rear Wall of Standard Stall

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Figure 30d
Toilet Stalls

4.17.7* Toilet Stalls for Children. Toilet stalls used primarily by children ages 12 and younger shall
comply with 4.17.7 as permitted by 4.17.1. Appendix Note
(1) Water Closets. Water closets in accessible stalls shall comply with 4.16.7.
(2) Size and Arrangement. The size and arrangement of the standard toilet stall shall comply with 4.17.3
and Fig. 30(a), Standard Stall, except that the centerline of water closets shall be 12 in minimum to 18 in
maximum (305 mm to 455 mm) from the side wall or partition and the minimum depth for stalls with wallmounted water closets shall be 59 in (1500 mm). Alternate stalls complying with Fig. 30(b) may be
provided where permitted by 4.17.3 except that the stall shall have a minimum depth of 69 in (1745 mm)
where wall-mounted water closets are provided.
(3) Toe Clearances. In standard stalls, the front partition and at least one side partition shall provide a toe
clearance of at least 12 in (305 mm) above the finish floor.
(4) Doors. Toilet stall doors shall comply with 4.17.5.
(5) Grab Bars. Grab bars shall comply with 4.17.6 and the length and positioning shown in Fig. 30(a), (b),
(c), and (d) except that grab bars shall be mounted 18 in minimum to 27 in maximum (455 mm to 685
mm) above the finish floor measured to the grab bar centerline.
EXCEPTION: If administrative authorities require flush controls for flush valves to be located in a position
that conflicts with the location of the rear grab bar, then that grab bar may be split or, at water closets with
a centerline placement below 15 in (380 mm), a rear grab bar 24 in (610 mm) minimum on the open side
of the toilet area shall be permitted.

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4.18.1 General. Accessible urinals shall comply with 4.18.
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4.18.2 Height. Urinals shall be stall-type or wall-hung with an elongated rim at a maximum 1 17 in (430
& Co on June of
mm) above the finish floor.
City
la v. archived
ro
4.18.3 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor space Ki in by 48 21
in 30 175 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) shall be provided in
ed This clear-space shall adjoin or overlap an accessible route and
front of urinals to allow forward approach.
cit
14
shall comply with 4.2.4. Urinal shields that do not extend beyond the front edge of the urinal rim may be
No.
4.18 Urinals.

provided with 29 in (735 mm) clearance between them.
4.18.4 Flush Controls. Flush controls shall be hand operated or automatic, and shall comply with
4.27.4, and shall be mounted no more than 44 in (1120 mm) above the finish floor.
4.19 Lavatories and Mirrors.
4.19.1 General.The requirements of 4.19 shall apply to lavatory fixtures, vanities, and built-in lavatories.
4.19.2 Height and Clearances. Lavatories shall be mounted with the rim or counter surface no higher
than 34 in (865 mm) above the finish floor. Provide a clearance of at least 29 in (735 mm) above the finish
floor to the bottom of the apron. Knee and toe clearance shall comply with Fig. 31.
EXCEPTION 1: Lavatories used primarily by children ages 6 through 12 shall be permitted to have an apron
clearance and a knee clearance 24 in (610 mm) high minimum provided that the rim or counter surface is
no higher than 31 in (760 mm).
EXCEPTION 2: Lavatories used primarily by children ages 5 and younger shall not be required to meet
these clearances if clear floor space for a parallel approach complying with 4.2.4 is provided.

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Figure 31
Lavatory Clearances

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Figure 32
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Clear Floor Space at .
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in Ki in by7521 a mm by 1220 mm) complying with
4.19.3 Clear Floor Space. A clear floord
cite space. 30 4-1 48 in (760
1
4.2.4 shall be provided in front of a lavatory to allow forward approach. Such clear floor space shall adjoin
No a maximum of 19 in (485 mm) underneath the lavatory
or overlap an accessible route and shall extend
(see Fig. 32).
4.19.4 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces. Hot water and drain pipes under lavatories shall be insulated or
otherwise configured to protect against contact. There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces under
lavatories.
4.19.5 Faucets. Faucets shall comply with 4.27.4. Lever-operated, push-type, and electronically
controlled mechanisms are examples of acceptable designs. If self-closing valves are used the faucet shall
remain open for at least 10 seconds.
4.19.6* Mirrors. Mirrors shall be mounted with the bottom edge of the reflecting surface no higher than
40 in (1015 mm) above the finish floor (see Fig. 31). Appendix Note
4.20 Bathtubs.
4.20.1 General. Accessible bathtubs shall comply with 4.20.
4.20.2 Floor Space. Clear floor space in front of bathtubs shall be as shown in Fig. 33.
4.20.3 Seat. An in-tub seat or a seat at the head end of the tub shall be provided as shown in Fig. 33 and
34. The structural strength of seats and their attachments shall comply with 4.26.3. Seats shall be
mounted securely and shall not slip during use.

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Figure 33
Clear Floor Space at Bathtubs

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Figure 34
Grab Bars at Bathtubs
4.20.4 Grab Bars. Grab bars complying with 4.26 shall be provided as shown in Fig. 33 and 34.
4.20.5 Controls. Faucets and other controls complying with 4.27.4 shall be located as shown in Fig. 34.
4.20.6 Shower Unit. A shower spray unit with a hose at least 60 in (1525 mm) long that can be used
both as a fixed shower head and as a hand-held shower shall be provided.
4.20.7 Bathtub Enclosures. If provided, enclosures for bathtubs shall not obstruct controls or transfer
from wheelchairs onto bathtub seats or into tubs. Enclosures on bathtubs shall not have tracks mounted
on their rims.
4.21 Shower Stalls.
4.21.1* General. Accessible shower stalls shall comply with 4.21. Appendix Note
4.21.2 Size and Clearances. Except as specified in 9.1.2, shower stall size and clear floor space shall
comply with Fig. 35(a) or (b). The shower stall in Fig. 35(a) shall be 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915
mm). Shower stalls required by 9.1.2 shall comply with Fig. 57(a) or (b). The shower stall in Fig. 35(b)
will fit into the space required for a bathtub.

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Figure 35a
Shower Size and Clearances
36-in by 36-in (760mm by 1525mm) Stall

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Shower Size and Clearances
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ed in (915mm 52915mm) Stall
30-in t 60-in
ci by
14-1 by
No.

Figure 36
Shower Seat Design

4.21.3 Seat. A seat shall be provided in shower stalls 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm) and shall be
as shown in Fig. 36. The seat shall be mounted 17 in to 19 in (430 mm to 485 mm) from the bathroom
floor and shall extend the full depth of the stall. In a 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm) shower stall, the
seat shall be on the wall opposite the controls. Where a fixed seat is provided in a 30 in by 60 in minimum
(760 mm by 1525 mm) shower stall, it shall be a folding type and shall be mounted on the wall adjacent
to the controls as shown in Fig. 57. The structural strength of seats and their attachments shall comply
with 4.26.3.

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4.21.4 Grab Bars. Grab bars complying with 4.26 shall be provided as shown in Fig. 37.

Figure 37
Grab Bars at Shower Stalls
4.21.5 Controls. Faucets and other controls complying with 4.27.4 shall be located as shown in Fig. 37.
In shower stalls 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm), all controls, faucets, and the shower unit shall be
mounted on the side wall opposite the seat.

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f San 20 7
y othat can be,used 1
4.21.6 Shower Unit. A shower spray unit with a hose at least 60 in (1525 mm) t
both
oun long une 19
as a fixed shower head and as a hand-held shower shall be provided.& C
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EXCEPTION: In unmonitored facilities where vandalism is a . C
a vconsideration, ed
lin lieu of aarchiva fixed shower head mounted at
48 in (1220 mm) above the shower floor may be used
Kiro
21 hand-held shower head.
ed in 136-in 7536 in (915 mm by 915 mm) shall be no higher
it
cshower stalls 4 1 by
4.21.7 Curbs. If provided, curbs in
No.
than 1/2 in (13 mm). Shower stalls that are 30 in by 60 in (760 mm by 1525 mm) minimum shall not
have curbs.
4.21.8 Shower Enclosures. If provided, enclosures for shower stalls shall not obstruct controls or
obstruct transfer from wheelchairs onto shower seats.
4.22 Toilet Rooms.
4.22.1 Minimum Number. Toilet facilities required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.22.
Accessible toilet rooms shall be on an accessible route.
4.22.2 Doors. All doors to accessible toilet rooms shall comply with 4.13. Doors shall not swing into the
clear floor space required for any fixture.
4.22.3* Clear Floor Space. The accessible fixtures and controls required in 4.22.4, 4.22.5, 4.22.6, and
4.22.7 shall be on an accessible route. An unobstructed turning space complying with 4.2.3 shall be
provided within an accessible toilet room. The clear floor space at fixtures and controls, the accessible
route, and the turning space may overlap. Appendix Note
4.22.4 Water Closets. If toilet stalls are provided, then at least one shall be a standard toilet stall
complying with 4.17; where 6 or more stalls are provided, in addition to the stall complying with 4.17.3,
at least one stall 36 in (915 mm) wide with an outward swinging, self-closing door and parallel grab bars
complying with Fig. 30(d) and 4.26 shall be provided. Water closets in such stalls shall comply with 4.16.
If water closets are not in stalls, then at least one shall comply with 4.16.
4.22.5 Urinals. If urinals are provided, then at least one shall comply with 4.18.
4.22.6 Lavatories and Mirrors. If lavatories and mirrors are provided, then at least one of each shall
comply with 4.19.

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4.22.7 Controls and Dispensers. If controls, dispensers, receptacles, or other equipment are provided,
then at least one of each shall be on an accessible route and shall comply with 4.27.
4.23 Bathrooms, Bathing Facilities, and Shower Rooms.
4.23.1 Minimum Number. Bathrooms, bathing facilities, or shower rooms required to be accessible by
4.1 shall comply with 4.23 and shall be on an accessible route.

4.23.2 Doors. Doors to accessible bathrooms shall comply with 4.13. Doors shall not swing into the floor
space required for any fixture.
4.23.3* Clear Floor Space. The accessible fixtures and controls required in 4.23.4, 4.23.5, 4.23.6,
4.23.7, 4.23.8, and 4.23.9 shall be on an accessible route. An unobstructed turning space complying
with 4.2.3 shall be provided within an accessible bathroom. The clear floor spaces at fixtures and controls,
the accessible route, and the turning space may overlap. Appendix Note
4.23.4 Water Closets. If toilet stalls are provided, then at least one shall be a standard toilet stall
complying with 4.17; where 6 or more stalls are provided, in addition to the stall complying with 4.17.3,
at least one stall 36 in (915 mm) wide with an outward swinging, self-closing door and parallel grab bars
complying with Fig. 30(d) and 4.26 shall be provided. Water closets in such stalls shall comply with 4.16.
If water closets are not in stalls, then at least one shall comply with 4.16.
4.23.5 Urinals. If urinals are provided, then at least one shall comply with 4.18.
4.23.6 Lavatories and Mirrors. If lavatories and mirrors are provided, then at least one of each shall
comply with 4.19.
4.23.7 Controls and Dispensers. If controls, dispensers, receptacles, or other equipment are provided,
then at least one of each shall be on an accessible route and shall comply with 4.27.
4.23.8 Bathing and Shower Facilities. If tubs or showers are provided, then at least one accessible tub
that complies with 4.20 or at least one accessible shower that complies with 4.21 shall be provided.

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4.23.9* Medicine Cabinets. If medicine cabinets are provided, at least one shall be located with a usable
7
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shelf no higher than 44 in (1120 mm) above the floor space. The floor space shall comply
4.2.4.
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Appendix Note
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4.24 Sinks.
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d in 4 4.1 shall comply with 4.24.
4.24.1 General. Sinks required tocite
be accessible by -17
o. 1
N
4.24.2 Height.Sinks shall be mounted with the counter or rim no higher than 34 in (865 mm) above the
finish floor.
4.24.3 Knee Clearance. Knee clearance that is at least 27 in (685 mm) high, 30 in (760 mm) wide, and
19 in (485 mm) deep shall be provided underneath sinks.
EXCEPTION 1: Sinks used primarily by children ages 6 through 12 shall be permitted to have a knee
clearance 24 in (610 mm) high minimum provided that the rim or counter surface is no higher than 31 in
(760 mm).
EXCEPTION 2: Sinks used primarily by children ages 5 and younger shall not be required to provide knee
clearance if clear floor space for a parallel approach complying with 4.2.4 is provided
4.24.4 Depth. Each sink shall be a maximum of 6-1/2 in (165 mm) deep.
4.24.5 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor space at least 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) complying
with 4.2.4 shall be provided in front of a sink to allow forward approach. The clear floor space shall be on
an accessible route and shall extend a maximum of 19 in (485 mm) underneath the sink (see Fig. 32).
4.24.6 Exposed Pipes and Surfaces. Hot water and drain pipes exposed under sinks shall be insulated
or otherwise configured so as to protect against contact. There shall be no sharp or abrasive surfaces
under sinks.
4.24.7 Faucets. Faucets shall comply with 4.27.4. Lever-operated, push-type, touch-type, or
electronically controlled mechanisms are acceptable designs.
4.25 Storage.
4.25.1 General. Fixed storage facilities such as cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers required to be
accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.25.

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4.25.2 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor space at least 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by 1220 mm) complying
with 4.2.4 that allows either a forward or parallel approach by a person using a wheelchair shall be
provided at accessible storage facilities.
4.25.3* Height. Accessible storage spaces shall be within at least one of the reach ranges specified in

4.2.5 and 4.2.6 (see Fig. 5 and Fig. 6). Clothes rods or shelves shall be a maximum of 54 in (1370 mm)
above the finish floor for a side approach. Where the distance from the wheelchair to the clothes rod or
shelf exceeds 10 in (255 mm) (as in closets without accessible doors) the height and depth to the rod or
shelf shall comply with Fig. 38(a) and Fig. 38(b). Appendix Note

Figure 38a
Storage Shelves and Closets
Shelves

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Figure 38b
Storage Shelves and Closets
Closets
4.25.4 Hardware. Hardware for accessible storage facilities shall comply with 4.27.4. Touch latches and
U-shaped pulls are acceptable.
4.26 Handrails, Grab Bars, and Tub and Shower Seats.
4.26.1* General. All handrails, grab bars, and tub and shower seats required to be accessible by 4.1,
4.8, 4.9, 4.16, 4.17, 4.20 or 4.21 shall comply with 4.26. Appendix Note
4.26.2* Size and Spacing of Grab Bars and Handrails. The diameter or width of the gripping surfaces
of a handrail or grab bar shall be 1-1/4 in to 1-1/2 in (32 mm to 38 mm), or the shape shall provide an
equivalent gripping surface. If handrails or grab bars are mounted adjacent to a wall, the space between
the wall and the grab bar shall be 1-1/2 in (38 mm) (see Fig. 39(a), (b), (c), and (e)). Handrails may be
located in a recess if the recess is a maximum of 3 in (75 mm) deep and extends at least 18 in (455 mm)
above the top of the rail (see Fig. 39(d)). Appendix Note

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Figure 39a
Size and Spacing of Handrails and Grab Bars Handrail

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Figure 39b
Size and Spacing of Handrails and Grab Bars Handrail

Figure 39c
Size and Spacing of Handrails and Grab Bars Handrail

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Figure 39d
Size and Spacing of Handrails and Grab Bars Handrail

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Figure 39e
Size and Spacing of Handrails and Grab Bars

4.26.3 Structural Strength. The structural strength of grab bars, tub and shower seats, fasteners, and
mounting devices shall meet the following specification:
(1) Bending stress in a grab bar or seat induced by the maximum bending moment from the application of
250 lbf (1112N) shall be less than the allowable stress for the material of the grab bar or seat.
(2) Shear stress induced in a grab bar or seat by the application of 250 lbf (1112N) shall be less than the
allowable shear stress for the material of the grab bar or seat. If the connection between the grab bar or
seat and its mounting bracket or other support is considered to be fully restrained, then direct and
torsional shear stresses shall be totaled for the combined shear stress, which shall not exceed the
allowable shear stress.
(3) Shear force induced in a fastener or mounting device from the application of 250 lbf (1112N) shall be
less than the allowable lateral load of either the fastener or mounting device or the supporting structure,
whichever is the smaller allowable load.

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(4) Tensile force induced in a fastener by a direct tension force of 250 lbf (1112N) plus the maximum
moment from the application of 250 lbf (1112N) shall be less than the allowable withdrawal load between
the fastener and the supporting structure.
(5) Grab bars shall not rotate within their fittings.
4.26.4 Eliminating Hazards. A handrail or grab bar and any wall or other surface adjacent to it shall be
free of any sharp or abrasive elements. Edges shall have a minimum radius of 1/8 in (3.2 mm).
4.27 Controls and Operating Mechanisms.
4.27.1 General. Controls and operating mechanisms required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with
4.27.
4.27.2 Clear Floor Space. Clear floor space complying with 4.2.4that allows a forward or a parallel
approach by a person using a wheelchair shall be provided at controls, dispensers, receptacles, and other
operable equipment.
4.27.3* Height. The highest operable part of controls, dispensers, receptacles, and other operable
equipment shall be placed within at least one of the reach ranges specified in 4.2.5 and 4.2.6. Electrical
and communications system receptacles on walls shall be mounted no less than 15 in (380 mm) above the
floor. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: These requirements do not apply where the use of special equipment dictates otherwise or
where electrical and communications systems receptacles are not normally intended for use by building
occupants.
4.27.4 Operation. Controls and operating mechanisms shall be operable with one hand and shall not
require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate controls shall be no
greater than 5 lbf (22.2 N).

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4.28.1 General. Alarm systems required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.28. At a minimum,
San
17
visual signal appliances shall be provided in buildings and facilities in each of thetfollowing areas:, 20
y of
9other area
n
restrooms and any other general usage areas (e.g., meeting rooms), hallways, lobbies, and any
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for common use.
v. C
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4.28.2* Audible Alarms. If provided, audible K
in emergency 21 a shall
7
prevailing equivalent sound level in the room or 14-1 at least 15 dbA or exceeds any maximum sound
cited . space by 5
owhichever is louder. Sound levels for alarm signals shall not
N
level with a duration of 60 seconds by 5 dbA,
4.28 Alarms.

exceed 120 dbA. Appendix Note
4.28.3* Visual Alarms. Visual alarm signal appliances shall be integrated into the building or facility
alarm system. If single station audible alarms are provided then single station visual alarm signals shall be
provided. Visual alarm signals shall have the following minimum photometric and location features:
(1) The lamp shall be a xenon strobe type or equivalent.
(2) The color shall be clear or nominal white (i.e., unfiltered or clear filtered white light).
(3) The maximum pulse duration shall be two-tenths of one second (0.2 sec) with a maximum duty cycle
of 40 percent. The pulse duration is defined as the time interval between initial and final points of 10
percent of maximum signal.
(4) The intensity shall be a minimum of 75 candela.
(5) The flash rate shall be a minimum of 1 Hz and a maximum of 3 Hz.
(6) The appliance shall be placed 80 in (2030 mm) above the highest floor level within the space or 6 in
(152 mm) below the ceiling, whichever is lower.
(7) In general, no place in any room or space required to have a visual signal appliance shall be more than
50 ft (15 m) from the signal (in the horizontal plane). In large rooms and spaces exceeding 100 ft (30 m)
across, without obstructions 6 ft (2 m) above the finish floor, such as auditoriums, devices may be placed
around the perimeter, spaced a maximum 100 ft (30 m) apart, in lieu of suspending appliances from the
ceiling.
(8) No place in common corridors or hallways in which visual alarm signalling appliances are required shall
be more than 50 ft (15 m) from the signal. Appendix Note

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4.28.4* Auxiliary Alarms. Units and sleeping accommodations shall have a visual alarm connected to
the building emergency alarm system or shall have a standard 110-volt electrical receptacle into which
such an alarm can be connected and a means by which a signal from the building emergency alarm

system can trigger such an auxiliary alarm. When visual alarms are in place the signal shall be visible in all
areas of the unit or room. Instructions for use of the auxiliary alarm or receptacle shall be provided.
Appendix Note
4.29 Detectable Warnings.
4.29.1 General. Detectable warnings required by 4.1 and 4.7 shall comply with 4.29.
4.29.2* Detectable Warnings on Walking Surfaces. Detectable warnings shall consist of raised
truncated domes with a diameter of nominal 0.9 in (23 mm), a height of nominal 0.2 in (5 mm) and a
center-to-center spacing of nominal 2.35 in (60 mm) and shall contrast visually with adjoining surfaces,
either light-on-dark, or dark-on-light. Appendix Note
The material used to provide contrast shall be an integral part of the walking surface. Detectable warnings
used on interior surfaces shall differ from adjoining walking surfaces in resiliency or sound-on-cane
contact.
4.29.3 Detectable Warnings on Doors To Hazardous Areas. (Reserved).
4.29.4 Detectable Warnings at Stairs. (Reserved).
4.29.5 Detectable Warnings at Hazardous Vehicular Areas. If a walk crosses or adjoins a vehicular
way, and the walking surfaces are not separated by curbs, railings, or other elements between the
pedestrian areas and vehicular areas, the boundary between the areas shall be defined by a continuous
detectable warning which is 36 in (915 mm) wide, complying with 4.29.2.
4.29.6 Detectable Warnings at Reflecting Pools. The edges of reflecting pools shall be protected by
railings, walls, curbs, or detectable warnings complying with 4.29.2.

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4.30 Signage.
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& Co thenapplicable provisions of
June
4.30.1* General. Signage required to be accessible by 4.1 shall y
Cit comply with o
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4.30. Appendix Note
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ed innumbers on52 shall have a width-to-height ratio between
4.30.2* Character Proportion. Letters and
cit
14-1 1:5 and 1:10. Appendix Note
.
3:5 and 1:1 and a stroke-width-to-height No between
ratio
4.29.7 Standardization. (Reserved).

4.30.3 Character Height. Characters and numbers on signs shall be sized according to the viewing
distance from which they are to be read. The minimum height is measured using an upper case X. Lower
case characters are permitted.
Height Above Finished Floor
Suspended or Projected Overhead in
compliance with 4.4.2

Minimum Character Height
3 in (75 mm) minimum

4.30.4* Raised and Brailled Characters and Pictorial Symbol Signs (Pictograms). Letters and
numerals shall be raised 1/32 in (0.8 mm) minimum, upper case, sans serif or simple serif type and shall
be accompanied with Grade 2 Braille. Raised characters shall be at least 5/8 in (16 mm) high, but no
higher than 2 in (50 mm). Pictograms shall be accompanied by the equivalent verbal description placed
directly below the pictogram. The border dimension of the pictogram shall be 6 in (152 mm) minimum in
height. Appendix Note
4.30.5* Finish and Contrast. The characters and background of signs shall be eggshell, matte, or other
non-glare finish. Characters and symbols shall contrast with their background -- either light characters on
a dark background or dark characters on a light background. Appendix Note
4.30.6 Mounting Location and Height. Where permanent identification is provided for rooms and
spaces, signs shall be installed on the wall adjacent to the latch side of the door. Where there is no wall
space to the latch side of the door, including at double leaf doors, signs shall be placed on the nearest
adjacent wall. Mounting height shall be 60 in (1525 mm) above the finish floor to the centerline of the
sign. Mounting location for such signage shall be so that a person may approach within 3 in (76 mm) of
signage without encountering protruding objects or standing within the swing of a door.
4.30.7* Symbols of Accessibility.

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(1) Facilities and elements required to be identified as accessible by 4.1 shall use the international symbol
of accessibility. The symbol shall be displayed as shown in Fig. 43(a) and (b).
(2) Volume Control Telephones. Telephones required to have a volume control by 4.1.3(17)(b) shall be
identified by a sign containing a depiction of a telephone handset with radiating sound waves.
(3) Text Telephones (TTYs). Text telephones (TTYs) required by 4.1.3(17)(c) shall be identified by the
international TTY symbol (Fig 43(c)). In addition, if a facility has a public text telephone (TTY), directional
signage indicating the location of the nearest text telephone (TTY) shall be placed adjacent to all banks of
telephones which do not contain a text telephone (TTY). Such directional signage shall include the
international TTY symbol. If a facility has no banks of telephones, the directional signage shall be provided
at the entrance (e.g., in a building directory).
(4) Assistive Listening Systems. In assembly areas where permanently installed assistive listening
systems are required by 4.1.3(19)(b) the availability of such systems shall be identified with signage that
includes the international symbol of access for hearing loss (Fig 43(d)). Appendix Note

Figure 43a
International Symbol of Accessibility
Proportions

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Figure 43b
International Symbol of Accessibility
Display Conditions

Figure 43c
International TTY Symbol

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Figure 43d
International Symbol of Access for Hearing Loss
4.30.8* Illumination Levels. (Reserved). Appendix Note
4.31 Telephones.
4.31.1 General. Public telephones required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.31.
4.31.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space. A clear floor or ground space at least 30 in by 48 in (760 mm by
1220 mm) that allows either a forward or parallel approach by a person using a wheelchair shall be
provided at telephones (see Fig. 44). The clear floor or ground space shall comply with 4.2.4. Bases,
enclosures, and fixed seats shall not impede approaches to telephones by people who use wheelchairs.
4.31.3* Mounting Height. The highest operable part of the telephone shall be within the reach ranges
specified in 4.2.5 or 4.2.6. Appendix Note
4.31.4 Protruding Objects. Telephones shall comply with 4.4.

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(1) Telephones shall be hearing aid compatible.
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(2) Volume controls, capable of a minimum of 12 dbA and a maximum
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4.31.6 Controls. Telephones shall haved
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14
available.
No.
4.31.5 Hearing Aid Compatible and Volume Control Telephones Required by 4.1.

4.31.7 Telephone Books. Telephone books, if provided, shall be located in a position that complies with
the reach ranges specified in 4.2.5 and 4.2.6.
4.31.8 Cord Length. The cord from the telephone to the handset shall be at least 29 in (735 mm) long.
4.31.9* Text Telephones (TTYs) Required by 4.1.
(1) Text telephones (TTYs) used with a pay telephone shall be permanently affixed within, or adjacent to,
the telephone enclosure. If an acoustic coupler is used, the telephone cord shall be sufficiently long to
allow connection of the text telephone (TTY) and the telephone receiver. Appendix Note
(2) Pay telephones designed to accommodate a portable text telephone (TTY) shall be equipped with a
shelf and an electrical outlet within or adjacent to the telephone enclosure. The telephone handset shall be
capable of being placed flush on the surface of the shelf. The shelf shall be capable of accommodating a
text telephone (TTY) and shall have 6 in (152 mm) minimum vertical clearance in the area where the text
telephone (TTY) is to be placed.
(3) Equivalent facilitation may be provided. For example, a portable text telephone (TTY) may be made
available in a hotel at the registration desk if it is available on a 24-hour basis for use with nearby public
pay telephones. In this instance, at least one pay telephone shall comply with paragraph 2 of this section.
In addition, if an acoustic coupler is used, the telephone handset cord shall be sufficiently long so as to
allow connection of the text telephone (TTY) and the telephone receiver. Directional signage shall be
provided and shall comply with 4.30.7. Appendix Note

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Figure 44
Mounting Height and Clearance for Telephones

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4.32.1 Minimum Number. Fixed or built-in seating or tables required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply
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EXCEPTION: Fixed or built-in seating or tables used primarily by children ages 12 n Jyounger shall be
City
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4.32.2 Seating. If seating spaces for people in wheelchairs are provided at fixed tables or counters, clear
edprovided. Such 52 floor space shall not overlap knee space by
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floor space complying with 4.2.4 shall be
14- clear
No.
more than 19 in (485 mm) (see Fig. 45).
4.32 Fixed or Built-in Seating and Tables.

Figure 45
Minimum Clearances for Seats and Tables
4.32.3 Knee Clearances. If seating for people in wheelchairs is provided at tables or counters, knee
spaces at least 27 in (685 mm) high, 30 in (760 mm) wide, and 19 in (485 mm) deep shall be provided
(see Fig. 45).
4.32.4* Height of Tables or Counters. The tops of accessible tables and counters shall be from 28 in to

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34 in (710 mm to 865 mm) above the finish floor or ground. Appendix Note

4.32.5 Children's Fixed or Built-in Seating and Tables. Fixed or built-in seating or tables used primarily by
children ages 12 and younger shall comply with 4.32.5 as permitted by 4.32.1.
EXCEPTION: Fixed or built-in seating or tables used primarily by children ages 5 and younger shall not be
required to comply with 4.32.5 if clear floor space complying with 4.2.4 parallel to fixed tables or counters
is provided.
(1) Seating. If seating spaces for people in wheelchairs are provided at fixed tables or counters, clear floor
space complying with 4.2.4 shall be provided. Such clear floor space shall not overlap knee space by more
than 19 in (485 mm) (see Fig. 45).
(2) Knee Clearances. If seating for people in wheelchairs is provided at tables or counters, knee spaces at
least 24 in (610 mm) high, 30 in (760 mm) wide, and 19 in (485 mm) deep shall be provided (see Fig.
45).
(3) Height of Tables or Counters. The tops of accessible tables and counters shall be from 26 in to 30 in
(660 mm to 760 mm) above the finish floor or ground.
4.33 Assembly Areas.
4.33.1 Minimum Number. Assembly and associated areas required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply
with 4.33.
4.33.2* Size of Wheelchair Locations. Each wheelchair location shall provide minimum clear ground or
floor spaces as shown in Fig. 46. Appendix Note

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Figure 46
Space Requirements for Wheelchair Seating Spaces in Series
4.33.3* Placement of Wheelchair Locations. Wheelchair areas shall be an integral part of any fixed seating
plan and shall be provided so as to provide people with physical disabilities a choice of admission prices
and lines of sight comparable to those for members of the general public. They shall adjoin an accessible
route that also serves as a means of egress in case of emergency. At least one companion fixed seat shall
be provided next to each wheelchair seating area. When the seating capacity exceeds 300, wheelchair
spaces shall be provided in more than one location. Readily removable seats may be installed in
wheelchair spaces when the spaces are not required to accommodate wheelchair users. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: Accessible viewing positions may be clustered for bleachers, balconies, and other areas having
sight lines that require slopes of greater than 5 percent. Equivalent accessible viewing positions may be
located on levels having accessible egress.
4.33.4 Surfaces. The ground or floor at wheelchair locations shall be level and shall comply with 4.5.
4.33.5 Access to Performing Areas. An accessible route shall connect wheelchair seating locations with
performing areas, including stages, arena floors, dressing rooms, locker rooms, and other spaces used by
performers.
4.33.6* Placement of Listening Systems. If the listening system provided serves individual fixed seats,
then such seats shall be located within a 50 ft (15 m) viewing distance of the stage or playing area and
shall have a complete view of the stage or playing area. Appendix Note

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4.33.7* Types of Listening Systems. Assistive listening systems (ALS) are intended to augment
standard public address and audio systems by providing signals which can be received directly by persons
with special receivers or their own hearing aids and which eliminate or filter background noise. The type of
assistive listening system appropriate for a particular application depends on the characteristics of the
setting, the nature of the program, and the intended audience. Magnetic induction loops, infra-red and
radio frequency systems are types of listening systems which are appropriate for various applications.
Appendix Note
4.34 Automated Teller Machines.
4.34.1 General. Each automated teller machine required to be accessible by 4.1.3 shall be on an
accessible route and shall comply with 4.34.
4.34.2 Clear Floor Space. The automated teller machine shall be located so that clear floor space
complying with 4.2.4 is provided to allow a person using a wheelchair to make a forward approach, a
parallel approach, or both, to the machine.
4.34.3 Reach Ranges.
(1) Forward Approach Only. If only a forward approach is possible, operable parts of all controls shall be
placed within the forward reach range specified in 4.2.5.
(2) Parallel Approach Only. If only a parallel approach is possible, operable parts of controls shall be
placed as follows:
(a) Reach Depth Not More Than 10 in (255 mm). Where the reach depth to the operable parts of all
controls as measured from the vertical plane perpendicular to the edge of the unobstructed clear floor
space at the farthest protrusion of the automated teller machine or surround is not more than 10 in (255
mm), the maximum height above the finished floor or grade shall be 54 in (1370 mm).

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(b) Reach Depth More Than 10 in (255 mm). Where the reach depth to the operable parts of any control
as measured from the vertical plane perpendicular to the edge of the unobstructed clear floor space at the
farthest protrusion of the automated teller machine or surround is more than 10 in (255 mm), the
maximum height above the finished floor or grade shall be as follows:

inches

Reach Depth
milimeters

10
11
12

255
280
305

53

1345

13
14

330
355

52 1/2
51 1/2

1335
1310

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23

380
405
430
455
485
510
535
560
585

51
50
50
49
49
48
47
47
46

1295
1285
1270
1255
1245
1230
1205
1195
180

24

610

46

1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2
1/2

1170

(3)Forward and Parallel Approach. If both a forward and parallel approach are possible, operable parts of
controls shall be placed within at least one of the reach ranges in paragraphs (1) or (2) of this section.
(4) Bins. Where bins are provided for envelopes, waste paper, or other purposes, at least one of each type
provided shall comply with the applicable reach ranges in paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of this section.
EXCEPTION: Where a function can be performed in a substantially equivalent manner by using an alternate
control, only one of the controls needed to perform that function is required to comply with this section. If
the controls are identified by tactile markings, such markings shall be provided on both controls.
4.34.4 Controls. Controls for user activation shall comply with 4.27.4.
4.34.5 Equipment for Persons with Vision Impairments. Instructions and all information for use shall
be made accessible to and independently usable by persons with vision impairments.
4.35 Dressing, Fitting, and Locker Rooms.

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4.35.1 General. Dressing, fitting, and locker rooms required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with
4.35 and shall be on an accessible route.
4.35.2 Clear Floor Space. A clear floor space allowing a person using a wheelchair to make a 180-degree
turn shall be provided in every accessible dressing room entered through a swinging or sliding door. No
door shall swing into any part of the turning space. Turning space shall not be required in a private
dressing room entered through a curtained opening at least 32 in (815 mm) wide if clear floor space
complying with section 4.2 renders the dressing room usable by a person using a wheelchair.
4.35.3 Doors. All doors to accessible dressing rooms shall be in compliance with section 4.13.
4.35.4 Bench. A bench complying with 4.37 shall be provided within the room.
4.35.5 Mirror. Where mirrors are provided in dressing rooms of the same use, then in an accessible
dressing room, a full-length mirror, measuring at least 18 in wide by 54 in high (460 mm by 1370 mm),
shall be mounted in a position affording a view to a person on the bench as well as to a person in a
standing position.
4.36 Saunas and Steam Rooms.
4.36.1 General. Saunas and steam rooms required to be accessible by 4.1 shall comply with 4.36.
4.36.2* Wheelchair Turning Space. A wheelchair turning space complying with 4.2.3 shall be provided
within the room. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: Wheelchair turning space shall be permitted to be obstructed by readily removable seats.
4.36.3 Sauna and Steam Room Bench. Where seating is provided, at least one bench shall be provided
and shall comply with 4.37.
4.36.4 Door Swing. Doors shall not swing into any part of the clear floor or ground space required at a

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4.37 Benches.
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4.37.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space. Clear floorror
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EXCEPTION: Clear floor or ground space required by 4.37.2 shall be permitted to be obstructed by readily

bench complying with 4.37.

removable seats in saunas and steam rooms.
4.37.3* Size. Benches shall be fixed and shall have seats that are 20 inches (510 mm) minimum to 24
inches (610 mm) maximum in depth and 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum in length (see Fig.
47).Appendix Note
4.37.4 Back Support. Benches shall have back support that is 42 inches (1065 mm) minimum in length
and that extends from a point 2 inches (51 mm) maximum above the seat to a point 18 inches (455 mm)
minimum above the seat (see Fig. 48).

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4.37.5 Seat Height. Bench seats shall be 17 inches (430 mm) minimum to 19 inches (485 mm)
maximum above the floor or ground.
4.37.6 Structural Strength. Allowable stresses shall not be exceeded for materials used when a vertical
or horizontal force of 250 lbs. (1112 N) is applied at any point on the seat, fastener, mounting device, or
supporting structure.
4.37.7 Wet Locations. The surface of benches installed in wet locations shall be slip-resistant and shall
not accumulate water.

5. RESTAURANTS AND CAFETERIAS.

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dining counter) shall be accessible and shall comply with 4.32 as y & C in 4.1.3(18). In establishments
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smoking areas. In new construction, iand where practicable in alterations, accessible fixed tables (or
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14counters) shall be distributed throughout No.
the space or facility. Appendix Note
5.1* General. Except as specified or modified in this section, restaurants and cafeterias shall comply with
the requirements of section 4. Where fixed tables (or dining counters where food is consumed but there is
no service) are provided, at least 5 percent, but not less than one, of the fixed tables (or a portion of the

5.2 Counters and Bars. Where food or drink is served at counters exceeding 34 in (865 mm) in height
for consumption by customers seated on stools or standing at the counter, a portion of the main counter
which is 60 in (1525 mm) in length minimum shall be provided in compliance with 4.32 or service shall be
available at accessible tables within the same area.
5.3 Access Aisles. All accessible fixed tables shall be accessible by means of an access aisle at least 36 in
(915 mm) clear between parallel edges of tables or between a wall and the table edges.
5.4 Dining Areas. In new construction, all dining areas, including raised or sunken dining areas, loggias,
and outdoor seating areas, shall be accessible. In non-elevator buildings, an accessible means of vertical
access to the mezzanine is not required under the following conditions: 1) the area of mezzanine seating
measures no more than 33 percent of the area of the total accessible seating area; 2) the same services
and decor are provided in an accessible space usable by the general public; and, 3) the accessible areas
are not restricted to use by people with disabilities. In alterations, accessibility to raised or sunken dining
areas, or to all parts of outdoor seating areas is not required provided that the same services and decor
are provided in an accessible space usable by the general public and are not restricted to use by people
with disabilities.
5.5 Food Service Lines. Food service lines shall have a minimum clear width of 36 in (915 mm), with a
preferred clear width of 42 in (1065 mm) to allow passage around a person using a wheelchair. Tray slides
shall be mounted no higher than 34 in (865 mm) above the floor (see Fig. 53). If self-service shelves are
provided, at least 50 percent of each type must be within reach ranges specified in 4.2.5 and 4.2.6.

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Figure 53
Food Service Lines
5.6 Tableware and Condiment Areas. Self-service shelves and dispensing devices for tableware,
dishware, condiments, food and beverages shall be installed to comply with 4.2 (see Fig. 54).

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5.8 Vending Machines and Other Equipment. Spaces for vending machines and other equipment shall
comply with 4.2 and shall be located on an accessible route.
5.9 Quiet Areas. (Reserved).

6. MEDICAL CARE FACILITIES.
6.1 General. Medical care facilities included in this section are those in which people receive physical or
medical treatment or care and where persons may need assistance in responding to an emergency and
where the period of stay may exceed 24 hours. In addition to the requirements of section 4, medical care
facilities and buildings shall comply with 6.
(1) Hospitals - general purpose hospitals, psychiatric facilities, detoxification facilities - At least 10 percent
of patient bedrooms and toilets, and all public use and common use areas are required to be designed and
constructed to be accessible.
(2) Hospitals and rehabilitation facilities that specialize in treating conditions that affect mobility, or units
within either that specialize in treating conditions that affect mobility - All patient bedrooms and toilets,
and all public use and common use areas are required to be designed and constructed to be accessible.
(3) Long term care facilities, nursing homes - At least 50 percent of patient bedrooms and toilets, and all
public use and common use areas are required to be designed and constructed to be accessible.
(4) Alterations to patient bedrooms.
(a) When patient bedrooms are being added or altered as part of a planned renovation of an entire wing, a
department, or other discrete area of an existing medical facility, a percentage of the patient bedrooms
that are being added or altered shall comply with 6.3. The percentage of accessible rooms provided shall

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be consistent with the percentage of rooms required to be accessible by the applicable requirements of
6.1(1), 6.1(2), or 6.1(3), until the number of accessible patient bedrooms in the facility equals the

overall number that would be required if the facility were newly constructed. (For example, if 20 patient
bedrooms are being altered in the obstetrics department of a hospital, 2 of the altered rooms must be
made accessible. If, within the same hospital, 20 patient bedrooms are being altered in a unit that
specializes in treating mobility impairments, all of the altered rooms must be made accessible.) Where
toilet/bathrooms are part of patient bedrooms which are added or altered and required to be accessible,
each such patient toilet/bathroom shall comply with 6.4.
(b) When patient bedrooms are being added or altered individually, and not as part of an alteration of the
entire area, the altered patient bedrooms shall comply with 6.3, unless either: a) the number of accessible
rooms provided in the department or area containing the altered patient bedroom equals the number of
accessible patient bedrooms that would be required if the percentage requirements of 6.1(1), 6.1(2), or
6.1(3) were applied to that department or area; or b) the number of accessible patient bedrooms in the
facility equals the overall number that would be required if the facility were newly constructed. Where
toilet/bathrooms are part of patient bedrooms which are added or altered and required to be accessible,
each such toilet/bathroom shall comply with 6.4.
6.2 Entrances. At least one accessible entrance that complies with 4.14 shall be protected from the
weather by canopy or roof overhang. Such entrances shall incorporate a passenger loading zone that
complies with 4.6.6.
6.3 Patient Bedrooms. Provide accessible patient bedrooms in compliance with section 4. Accessible
patient bedrooms shall comply with the following:
(1) Each bedroom shall have a door that complies with 4.13.
EXCEPTION: Entry doors to acute care hospital bedrooms for in- patients shall be exempted from the
requirement in 4.13.6 for maneuvering space at the latch side of the door if the door is at least 44 in (1120
mm) wide.

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(3) Each bedroom shall have adequate space to provide a minimum clear floor space
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6.4 Patient Toilet Rooms. Where toilet/bathrooms are provided as a part of a patient bedroom, each
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14No. route.
with 4.22 or 4.23 and shall be on an accessible
(2) Each bedroom shall have adequate space to provide a maneuvering space that complies with 4.2.3. In
rooms with two beds, it is preferable that this space be located between beds.

7. BUSINESS, MERCANTILE AND CIVIC.
7.1 General. In addition to the requirements of section 4, the design of all areas used for business
transactions with the public shall comply with 7.
7.2 Sales and Service Counters, Teller Windows, Information Counters.
(1) In areas used for transactions where counters have cash registers and are provided for sales or
distribution of goods or services to the public, at least one of each type shall have a portion of the counter
which is at least 36 in (915mm) in length with a maximum height of 36 in (915 mm) above the finish
floor. It shall be on an accessible route complying with 4.3. Such counters shall include, but are not
limited to, counters in retail stores, and distribution centers. The accessible counters must be dispersed
throughout the building or facility. In alterations where it is technically infeasible to provide an accessible
counter, an auxiliary counter meeting these requirements may be provided.
(2) In areas used for transactions that may not have a cash register but at which goods or services are
sold or distributed including, but not limited to, ticketing counters, teller stations, registration counters in
transient lodging facilities, information counters, box office counters and library check-out areas, either:
(i) a portion of the main counter which is a minimum of 36 in (915 mm) in length shall be provided with a
maximum height of 36 in (915 mm); or
(ii) an auxiliary counter with a maximum height of 36 in (915 mm) in close proximity to the main counter
shall be provided; or
(iii) equivalent facilitation shall be provided (e.g., at a hotel registration counter, equivalent facilitation
might consist of: (1) provision of a folding shelf attached to the main counter on which an individual with a

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disability can write, and (2) use of the space on the side of the counter or at the concierge desk, for
handing materials back and forth).
All accessible sales and service counters shall be on an accessible route complying with 4.3.

(3)* In public facilities where counters or teller windows have solid partitions or security glazing to
separate personnel from the public, at least one of each type shall provide a method to facilitate voice
communication. Such methods may include, but are not limited to, grilles, slats, talk-through baffles,
intercoms, or telephone handset devices. The method of communication shall be accessible to both
individuals who use wheelchairs and individuals who have difficulty bending or stooping. If provided for
public use, at least one telephone communication device shall be equipped with volume controls complying
with 4.31.5. Hand-operable communications devices, if provided, shall comply with 4.27. Appendix Note
(4)* Assistive Listening Systems. (Reserved). Appendix Note
7.3* Check-out Aisles.
(1) In new construction, accessible check-out aisles shall be provided in conformance with the table
below:
Total Check-out Aisles of Each Design

Minimum Number of Accessible
Check-out Aisles (of each design)

1-4
5-8

1
2

9 - 15

3

over 15

3, plus 20% of additional aisles

EXCEPTION: In new construction, where the selling space is under 5000 square feet, only one check-out
aisle is required to be accessible.

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(2) Clear aisle width for accessible check-out aisles shall comply with 4.2.1 and maximum adjoining
No.
EXCEPTION: In alterations, at least one check-out aisle shall be accessible in facilities under 5000 square
feet of selling space. In facilities of 5000 or more square feet of selling space, at least one of each design

counter height shall not exceed 38 in (965 mm) above the finish floor. The top of the lip shall not exceed
40 in (1015 mm) above the finish floor.
(3) Signage identifying accessible check-out aisles shall comply with 4.30.7 and shall be mounted above
the check-out aisle in the same location where the check-out number or type of check-out is displayed.
Appendix Note
7.4 Security Bollards. Any device used to prevent the removal of shopping carts from store premises
shall not prevent access or egress to people in wheelchairs. An alternate entry that is equally convenient
to that provided for the ambulatory population is acceptable.

8. LIBRARIES.
8.1 General. In addition to the requirements of section 4, the design of all public areas of a library shall
comply with 8, including reading and study areas, stacks, reference rooms, reserve areas, and special
facilities or collections.
8.2 Reading and Study Areas. At least 5 percent or a minimum of one of each element of fixed seating,
tables, or study carrels shall comply with 4.2 and 4.32. Clearances between fixed accessible tables and
between study carrels shall comply with 4.3.
8.3 Check-Out Areas. At least one lane at each check-out area shall comply with 7.2(1). Any traffic
control or book security gates or turnstiles shall comply with 4.13.
8.4 Card Catalogs and Magazine Displays. Minimum clear aisle space at card catalogs and magazine
displays shall comply with Fig. 55. Maximum reach height shall comply with 4.2, with a height of 48 in
(1220 mm) preferred irrespective of approach allowed.

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Figure 55
Card Catalog
8.5 Stacks. Minimum clear aisle width between stacks shall comply with 4.3, with a minimum clear aisle
width of 42 in (1065 mm) preferred where possible. Shelf height in stack areas is unrestricted (see Fig.
56).

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Figure 56
Stacks

9. ACCESSIBLE TRANSIENT LODGING.
(1) Except as specified in the special technical provisions of this section, accessible transient lodging shall
comply with the applicable requirements of section 4. Transient lodging includes facilities or portions
thereof used for sleeping accommodations, when not classed as a medical care facility.
9.1 Hotels, Motels, Inns, Boarding Houses, Dormitories, Resorts and Other Similar Places of Transient
Lodging.
9.1.1 General. All public use and common use areas are required to be designed and constructed to comply
with section 4 (Accessible Elements and Spaces: Scope and Technical Requirements).
EXCEPTION: Sections 9.1 through 9.4 do not apply to an establishment located within a building that
contains not more than five rooms for rent or hire and that is actually occupied by the proprietor of such
establishment as the residence of such proprietor.
9.1.2 Accessible Units, Sleeping Rooms, and Suites. Accessible sleeping rooms or suites that comply
with the requirements of 9.2 (Requirements for Accessible Units, Sleeping Rooms, and Suites) shall be
provided in conformance with the table below. In addition, in hotels, of 50 or more sleeping rooms or
suites, additional accessible sleeping rooms or suites that include a roll- in shower shall also be provided in
conformance with the table below. Such accommodations shall comply with the requirements of 9.2, 4.21,
and Figure 57(a) or (b).
Number of Rooms
1 to 25
1

Accessible Rooms

Rooms with Roll-in Showers

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26 to 50

2

51 to 75
76 to 100

3
4

1
1

101 to 150
151 to 200

5
6

2
2

201 to 300

7

3

301 to 400
401 to 500

8
9

4
4 plus 1 for each additional 100 over 400

501 to 1000
1001 and over

2% of total
20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1000

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9.1.3 Sleeping Accommodations for Persons with Hearing Impairments. In
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accessible sleeping rooms and suites required by 9.1.2, sleepingtrooms and suites that comply with 9.3
i y in ed
(Visual Alarms, Notification Devices, and Telephones) shall . provided iv conformance with the following
vbeC
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table:
in K 175
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4Number of Elements
No
Figure 57
Roll-In Shower with Folding Seat

1 to 25

1

26 to 50
51 to 75
76 to 100
101 to 150
151 to 200
201 to 300
301 to 400
401 to 500
501 to 1000
1001 and over

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
2% of total
20 plus 1 for each 100 over 1000

9.1.4 Classes of Sleeping Accommodations.
(1) In order to provide persons with disabilities a range of options equivalent to those available to other
persons served by the facility, sleeping rooms and suites required to be accessible by 9.1.2 shall be
dispersed among the various classes of sleeping accommodations available to patrons of the place of
transient lodging. Factors to be considered include room size, cost, amenities provided, and the number of
beds provided.
(2) Equivalent Facilitation. For purposes of this section, it shall be deemed equivalent facilitation if the
operator of a facility elects to limit construction of accessible rooms to those intended for multiple
occupancy, provided that such rooms are made available at the cost of a single occupancy room to an
individual with disabilities who requests a single-occupancy room.
9.1.5. Alterations to Accessible Units, Sleeping Rooms, and Suites. When sleeping rooms are being
altered in an existing facility, or portion thereof, subject to the requirements of this section, at least one
sleeping room or suite that complies with the requirements of 9.2 (Requirements for Accessible Units,

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Sleeping Rooms, and Suites) shall be provided for each 25 sleeping rooms, or fraction thereof, of rooms

being altered until the number of such rooms provided equals the number required to be accessible with
9.1.2. In addition, at least one sleeping room or suite that complies with the requirements of 9.3 (Visual
Alarms, Notification Devices, and Telephones) shall be provided for each 25 sleeping rooms, or fraction
thereof, of rooms being altered until the number of such rooms equals the number required to be
accessible by 9.1.3.
9.2 Requirements for Accessible Units, Sleeping Rooms and Suites.
9.2.1 General. Units, sleeping rooms, and suites required to be accessible by 9.1 shall comply with 9.2.
9.2.2 Minimum Requirements. An accessible unit, sleeping room or suite shall be on an accessible route
complying with 4.3 and have the following accessible elements and spaces.
(1) Accessible sleeping rooms shall have a 36 in (915 mm) clear width maneuvering space located along
both sides of a bed, except that where two beds are provided, this requirement can be met by providing a
36 in (915 mm) wide maneuvering space located between the two beds.
(2) An accessible route complying with 4.3 shall connect all accessible spaces and elements, including
telephones, within the unit, sleeping room, or suite. This is not intended to require an elevator in multistory units as long as the spaces identified in 9.2.2(6) and (7) are on accessible levels and the accessible
sleeping area is suitable for dual occupancy.
(3) Doors and doorways designed to allow passage into and within all sleeping rooms, suites or other
covered units shall comply with 4.13.
(4) If fixed or built-in storage facilities such as cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers are provided in
accessible spaces, at least one of each type provided shall contain storage space complying with 4.25.
Additional storage may be provided outside of the dimensions required by 4.25.
(5) All controls in accessible units, sleeping rooms, and suites shall comply with 4.27.

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accessible and shall be on an accessible route:
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(a) the living area.
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(b) the dining area.
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(c) at least one sleeping area.
No.
(6) Where provided as part of an accessible unit, sleeping room, or suite, the following spaces shall be

(d) patios, terraces, or balconies.
EXCEPTION: The requirements of 4.13.8 and 4.3.8 do not apply where it is necessary to utilize a higher
door threshold or a change in level to protect the integrity of the unit from wind/water damage. Where this
exception results in patios, terraces or balconies that are not at an accessible level, equivalent facilitation
shall be provided (e.g., equivalent facilitation at a hotel patio or balcony might consist of providing raised
decking or a ramp to provide accessibility).
(e) at least one full bathroom (i.e., one with a water closet, a lavatory, and a bathtub or shower).
(f) if only half baths are provided, at least one half bath.
(g) carports, garages or parking spaces.
(7) Kitchens, Kitchenettes, or Wet Bars. When provided as accessory to a sleeping room or suite,
kitchens, kitchenettes, wet bars, or similar amenities shall be accessible. Clear floor space for a front or
parallel approach to cabinets, counters, sinks, and appliances shall be provided to comply with 4.2.4.
Countertops and sinks shall be mounted at a maximum height of 34 in (865 mm) above the floor. At least
fifty percent of shelf space in cabinets or refrigerator/freezers shall be within the reach ranges of 4.2.5 or
4.2.6 and space shall be designed to allow for the operation of cabinet and/or appliance doors so that all
cabinets and appliances are accessible and usable. Controls and operating mechanisms shall comply with
4.27.
(8) Sleeping room accommodations for persons with hearing impairments required by 9.1 and complying
with 9.3 shall be provided in the accessible sleeping room or suite.
9.3 Visual Alarms, Notification Devices and Telephones.
9.3.1 General. In sleeping rooms required to comply with this section, auxiliary visual alarms shall be
provided and shall comply with 4.28.4. Visual notification devices shall also be provided in units, sleeping

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rooms and suites to alert room occupants of incoming telephone calls and a door knock or bell. Notification
devices shall not be connected to auxiliary visual alarm signal appliances. Permanently installed telephones
shall have volume controls complying with 4.31.5; an accessible electrical outlet within 4 ft (1220 mm) of
a telephone connection shall be provided to facilitate the use of a text telephone.
9.3.2 Equivalent Facilitation. For purposes of this section, equivalent facilitation shall include the
installation of electrical outlets (including outlets connected to a facility's central alarm system) and
telephone wiring in sleeping rooms and suites to enable persons with hearing impairments to utilize
portable visual alarms and communication devices provided by the operator of the facility.
9.4 Other Sleeping Rooms and Suites. Doors and doorways designed to allow passage into and within
all sleeping units or other covered units shall comply with 4.13.5.
9.5 Transient Lodging in Homeless Shelters, Halfway Houses, Transient Group Homes, and
Other Social Service Establishments.
9.5.1 New Construction. In new construction all public use and common use areas are required to be
designed and constructed to comply with section 4. At least one of each type of amenity (such as washers,
dryers and similar equipment installed for the use of occupants) in each common area shall be accessible
and shall be located on an accessible route to any accessible unit or sleeping accommodation.
EXCEPTION: Where elevators are not provided as allowed in 4.1.3(5), accessible amenities are not
required on inaccessible floors as long as one of each type is provided in common areas on accessible
floors.
9.5.2 Alterations.
(1) Social service establishments which are not homeless shelters:
(a) The provisions of 9.5.3 and 9.1.5 shall apply to sleeping rooms and beds.
(b) Alteration of other areas shall be consistent with the new construction provisions of 9.5.1.

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(a) at least one public entrance shall allow a person with mobility impairments nty o
to approach, enter and exit
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beds for persons with mobility impairments
14No.
(2) Homeless shelters. If the following elements are altered, the following requirements apply:

(c) at least one toilet room for each gender or one unisex toilet room shall have a minimum clear door
width of 32 in (815 mm), minimum turning space complying with 4.2.3, one water closet complying with
4.16, one lavatory complying with 4.19 and the door shall have a privacy latch; and, if provided, at least

one tub or shower shall comply with 4.20 or 4.21, respectively.
(d) at least one common area which a person with mobility impairments can approach, enter and exit
including a minimum clear door width of 32 in (815 mm).
(e) at least one route connecting elements (a), (b), (c) and (d) which a person with mobility impairments
can use including minimum clear width of 36 in (915 mm), passing space complying with 4.3.4, turning
space complying with 4.2.3 and changes in levels complying with 4.3.8.
(f) homeless shelters can comply with the provisions of (a)- (e) by providing the above elements on one
accessible floor.
9.5.3. Accessible Sleeping Accommodations in New Construction. Accessible sleeping rooms shall be
provided in conformance with the table in 9.1.2 and shall comply with 9.2 Accessible Units, Sleeping
Rooms and Suites (where the items are provided). Additional sleeping rooms that comply with 9.3
Sleeping Accommodations for Persons with Hearing Impairments shall be provided in conformance with
the table provided in 9.1.3.
In facilities with multi-bed rooms or spaces, a percentage of the beds equal to the table provided in 9.1.2
shall comply with 9.2.2(1).

10. TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES.
10.1 General. Every station, bus stop, bus stop pad, terminal, building or other transportation facility,
shall comply with the applicable provisions of section 4, the special application sections, and the applicable

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provisions of this section.

10.2 Bus Stops and Terminals.
10.2.1 New Construction.
(1) Where new bus stop pads are constructed at bus stops, bays or other areas where a lift or ramp is to
be deployed, they shall have a firm, stable surface; a minimum clear length of 96 inches (measured from
the curb or vehicle roadway edge) and a minimum clear width of 60 inches (measured parallel to the
vehicle roadway) to the maximum extent allowed by legal or site constraints; and shall be connected to
streets, sidewalks or pedestrian paths by an accessible route complying with 4.3 and 4.4. The slope of the
pad parallel to the roadway shall, to the extent practicable, be the same as the roadway. For water
drainage, a maximum slope of 1:50 (2%) perpendicular to the roadway is allowed.
(2) Where provided, new or replaced bus shelters shall be installed or positioned so as to permit a
wheelchair or mobility aid user to enter from the public way and to reach a location, having a minimum
clear floor area of 30 inches by 48 inches, entirely within the perimeter of the shelter. Such shelters shall
be connected by an accessible route to the boarding area provided under paragraph (1)of this section.
(3) Where provided, all new bus route identification signs shall comply with 4.30.5. In addition, to the
maximum extent practicable, all new bus route identification signs shall comply with 4.30.2 and 4.30.3.
Signs that are sized to the maximum dimensions permitted under legitimate local, state or federal
regulations or ordinances shall be considered in compliance with 4.30.2 and 4.30.3 for purposes of this
section.
EXCEPTION: Bus schedules, timetables, or maps that are posted at the bus stop or bus bay are not
required to comply with this provision.
10.2.2 Bus Stop Siting and Alterations.
(1) Bus stop sites shall be chosen such that, to the maximum extent practicable, the areas where lifts or
ramps are to be deployed comply with section 10.2.1(1) and (2).

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the requirements of 10.2.1(3).
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10.3 Fixed Facilities and Stations.
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10.3.1 New Construction. New stations in rapid rola
rail, light rail, commuter rail, intercity bus, intercity rail,
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high speed rail, and other fixed guideway systems (e.g., automated guideway transit, monorails, etc.)
ed as applicable: 52
cit
shall comply with the following provisions,
14No.
(2) When new bus route identification signs are installed or old signs are replaced, they shall comply with

(1) Elements such as ramps, elevators or other circulation devices, fare vending or other ticketing areas,
and fare collection areas shall be placed to minimize the distance which wheelchair users and other
persons who cannot negotiate steps may have to travel compared to the general public. The circulation
path, including an accessible entrance and an accessible route, for persons with disabilities shall, to the
maximum extent practicable, coincide with the circulation path for the general public. Where the
circulation path is different, signage complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, 4.30.5, and 4.30.7(1) shall
be provided to indicate direction to and identify the accessible entrance and accessible route.
(2) In lieu of compliance with 4.1.3(8), at least one entrance to each station shall comply with 4.14,
Entrances. If different entrances to a station serve different transportation fixed routes or groups of fixed
routes, at least one entrance serving each group or route shall comply with 4.14, Entrances. All accessible
entrances shall, to the maximum extent practicable, coincide with those used by the majority of the
general public.
(3) Direct connections to commercial, retail, or residential facilities shall have an accessible route
complying with 4.3from the point of connection to boarding platforms and all transportation system
elements used by the public. Any elements provided to facilitate future direct connections shall be on an
accessible route connecting boarding platforms and all transportation system elements used by the public.
(4) Where signs are provided at entrances to stations identifying the station or the entrance, or both, at
least one sign at each entrance shall comply with 4.30.4 and 4.30.6. Such signs shall be placed in uniform
locations at entrances within the transit system to the maximum extent practicable.
EXCEPTION: Where the station has no defined entrance, but signage is provided, then the accessible
signage shall be placed in a central location.
(5) Stations covered by this section shall have identification signs complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3,
and 4.30.5. Signs shall be placed at frequent intervals and shall be clearly visible from within the vehicle
on both sides when not obstructed by another train. When station identification signs are placed close to

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vehicle windows (i.e., on the side opposite from boarding) each shall have the top of the highest letter or
symbol below the top of the vehicle window and the bottom of the lowest letter or symbol above the
horizontal mid-line of the vehicle window.
(6) Lists of stations, routes, or destinations served by the station and located on boarding areas,
platforms, or mezzanines shall comply with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, and 4.30.5. A minimum of one sign
identifying the specific station and complying with 4.30.4 and 4.30.6 shall be provided on each platform
or boarding area. All signs referenced in this paragraph shall, to the maximum extent practicable, be
placed in uniform locations within the transit system.
(7)* Automatic fare vending, collection and adjustment (e.g., add-fare) systems shall comply with
4.34.2, 4.34.3, 4.34.4, and 4.34.5. At each accessible entrance such devices shall be located on an
accessible route. If self-service fare collection devices are provided for the use of the general public, at
least one accessible device for entering, and at least one for exiting, unless one device serves both

functions, shall be provided at each accessible point of entry or exit. Accessible fare collection devices shall
have a minimum clear opening width of 32 inches; shall permit passage of a wheelchair; and, where
provided, coin or card slots and controls necessary for operation shall comply with 4.27. Gates which must
be pushed open by wheelchair or mobility aid users shall have a smooth continuous surface extending
from 2 inches above the floor to 27 inches above the floor and shall comply with 4.13. Where the
circulation path does not coincide with that used by the general public, accessible fare collection systems
shall be located at or adjacent to the accessible point of entry or exit. Appendix Note
(8) Platform edges bordering a drop-off and not protected by platform screens or guard rails shall have a
detectable warning. Such detectable warnings shall comply with 4.29.2and shall be 24 inches wide
running the full length of the platform drop-off.
(9) In stations covered by this section, rail-to-platform height in new stations shall be coordinated with the
floor height of new vehicles so that the vertical difference, measured when the vehicle is at rest, is within
plus or minus 5/8 inch under normal passenger load conditions. For rapid rail, light rail, commuter rail, high
speed rail, and intercity rail systems in new stations, the horizontal gap, measured when the new vehicle is
at rest, shall be no greater than 3 inches. For slow moving automated guideway "people mover" transit

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systems, the horizontal gap in new stations shall be no greater than 1 inch.
San 2 to17
EXCEPTION 1: Existing vehicles operating in new stations may have a vertical difference with respect 0 the
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EXCEPTION 2: In light rail, commuter rail and intercity rail
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cit
car-borne or platform-mounted lifts, ramps or bridge plates, or similar manually deployed devices, meeting
No.
the applicable requirements of 36 C.F.R. part 1192, or 49 C.F.R. part 38 shall suffice.
(10) Stations shall not be designed or constructed so as to require persons with disabilities to board or
alight from a vehicle at a location other than one used by the general public.
(11) Illumination levels in the areas where signage is located shall be uniform and shall minimize glare on
signs. Lighting along circulation routes shall be of a type and configuration to provide uniform illumination.
(12) Text Telephones: The following shall be provided in accordance with 4.31.9:
(a) If an interior public pay telephone is provided in a transit facility (as defined by the Department of
Transportation) at least one interior public text telephone shall be provided in the station.
(b) Where four or more public pay telephones serve a particular entrance to a rail station and at least one
is in an interior location, at least one interior public text telephone shall be provided to serve that
entrance. Compliance with this section constitutes compliance with section 4.1.3(17)(c);.
(13) Where it is necessary to cross tracks to reach boarding platforms, the route surface shall be level and
flush with the rail top at the outer edge and between the rails, except for a maximum 2-1/2 inch gap on
the inner edge of each rail to permit passage of wheel flanges. Such crossings shall comply with 4.29.5.
Where gap reduction is not practicable, an above-grade or below-grade accessible route shall be provided.
(14) Where public address systems are provided to convey information to the public in terminals, stations,
or other fixed facilities, a means of conveying the same or equivalent information to persons with hearing
loss or who are deaf shall be provided.
(15) Where clocks are provided for use by the general public, the clock face shall be uncluttered so that
its elements are clearly visible. Hands, numerals, and/or digits shall contrast with the background either
light-on-dark or dark-on-light. Where clocks are mounted overhead, numerals and/or digits shall comply
with 4.30.3. Clocks shall be placed in uniform locations throughout the facility and system to the

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maximum extent practicable.

(16)Where provided in below grade stations, escalators shall have a minimum clear width of 32 inches. At
the top and bottom of each escalator run, at least two contiguous treads shall be level beyond the comb
plate before the risers begin to form. All escalator treads shall be marked by a strip of clearly contrasting
color, 2 inches in width, placed parallel to and on the nose of each step. The strip shall be of a material
that is at least as slip resistant as the remainder of the tread. The edge of the tread shall be apparent from
both ascending and descending directions.
(17) Where provided, elevators shall be glazed or have transparent panels to allow an unobstructed view
both in to and out of the car. Elevators shall comply with 4.10.
EXCEPTION: Elevator cars with a clear floor area in which a 60 inch diameter circle can be inscribed may be
substituted for the minimum car dimensions of 4.10, Fig. 22.
(18) Where provided, ticketing areas shall permit persons with disabilities to obtain a ticket and check
baggage and shall comply with 7.2.
(19) Where provided, baggage check-in and retrieval systems shall be on an accessible route complying
with 4.3, and shall have space immediately adjacent complying with 4.2. If unattended security barriers
are provided, at least one gate shall comply with 4.13. Gates which must be pushed open by wheelchair
or mobility aid users shall have a smooth continuous surface extending from 2 inches above the floor to 27
inches above the floor.
10.3.2 Existing Facilities: Key Stations.
(1) Rapid, light and commuter rail key stations, as defined under criteria established by the Department of
Transportation in subpart C of 49 C.F.R. part 37 and existing intercity rail stations shall provide at least
one accessible route from an accessible entrance to those areas necessary for use of the transportation
system.
(2) The accessible route required by 10.3.2(1) shall include the features specified in 10.3.1(1), (4)-(9),
(11)-(15), and (17)-(19).

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(3) Where technical infeasibility in existing stations requires the accessible route to leadSa the public 7
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way to a paid area of the transit system, an accessible fare collection system, complying with 10.3.1(7),
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shall be provided along such accessible route.
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(4) In light rail, rapid rail and commuter rail key stations, the
ro
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in Ki 17521 a when the vehicle is at rest, is within plus
floor shall be coordinated so that the vertical difference, measured
cited . 14or minus 1-1/2 inches under all normal passenger load conditions, and the horizontal gap, measured when
No
the vehicle is at rest, is no greater than 3 inches for at least one door of each vehicle or car required to be
accessible by 49 C.F.R. part 37.

EXCEPTION 1: Existing vehicles retrofitted to meet the requirements of 49 C.F.R. 37.93 (one-car-per-train
rule) shall be coordinated with the platform such that, for at least one door, the vertical difference between
the vehicle floor and the platform, measured when the vehicle is at rest with 50% normal passenger
capacity, is within plus or minus 2 inches and the horizontal gap is no greater than 4 inches.
EXCEPTION 2: Where it is not structurally or operationally feasible to meet the horizontal gap or vertical
difference requirements, mini-high platforms, car-borne or platform mounted lifts, ramps or bridge plates,
or similar manually deployed devices, meeting the applicable requirements of 36 C.F.R. part 1192, or 49
C.F.R. part 38, shall suffice.
(5) New direct connections to commercial, retail, or residential facilities shall, to the maximum extent
feasible, have an accessible route complying with 4.3 from the point of connection to boarding platforms
and all transportation system elements used by the public. Any elements provided to facilitate future direct
connections shall be on an accessible route connecting boarding platforms and all transportation system
elements used by the public.
10.3.3 Existing Facilities: Alterations.
(1) For the purpose of complying with 4.1.6(2) (Alterations to an Area Containing a Primary Function), an
area of primary function shall be as defined by applicable provisions of 49 C.F.R. 37.43(c); (Department
of Transportation's ADA Rule) or 28 C.F.R. 36.403 (Department of Justice's ADA Rule).
10.4. Airports.
10.4.1 New Construction.
(1) Elements such as ramps, elevators or other vertical circulation devices, ticketing areas, security

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checkpoints, or passenger waiting areas shall be placed to minimize the distance which wheelchair users
and other persons who cannot negotiate steps may have to travel compared to the general public.
(2) The circulation path, including an accessible entrance and an accessible route, for persons with

disabilities shall, to the maximum extent practicable, coincide with the circulation path for the general
public. Where the circulation path is different, directional signage complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3
and 4.30.5 shall be provided which indicates the location of the nearest accessible entrance and its
accessible route.
(3) Ticketing areas shall permit persons with disabilities to obtain a ticket and check baggage and shall
comply with 7.2.
(4) Where public pay telephones are provided, and at least one is at an interior location, a public text
telephone (TTY) shall be provided in compliance with 4.31.9. Additionally, if four or more public pay
telephones are located in any of the following locations, at least one public text telephone (TTY) shall also
be provided in that location:
(a) a main terminal outside the security areas;
(b) a concourse within the security areas; or
(c) a baggage claim area in a terminal.
Compliance with this section constitutes compliance with section 4.1.3(17)(c);.
(5) Baggage check-in and retrieval systems shall be on an accessible route complying with 4.3, and shall
have space immediately adjacent complying with 4.2.4. If unattended security barriers are provided, at
least one gate shall comply with 4.13. Gates which must be pushed open by wheelchair or mobility aid
users shall have a smooth continuous surface extending from 2 inches above the floor to 27 inches above
the floor.

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methods may include, but are not limited to, an assistive listening system complying
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(7) Where clocks are provided for use by the general
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elements are clearly visible. Hands, numerals, and/or175 shall contrast with their background either
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citclocks are mounted overhead, numerals and/or digits shall comply
light-on-dark or dark-on-light. Where
No.
(6) Terminal information systems which broadcast information to the general public through a public
address system shall provide a means to provide the same or equivalent information to persons with a
hearing loss or who are deaf. Such methods may include, but are not limited to, visual paging systems
using video monitors and computer technology. For persons with certain types of hearing loss such

with 4.30.3. Clocks shall be placed in uniform locations throughout the facility to the maximum extent
practicable.

(8)* Security Systems. In public facilities that are airports, at least one accessible route complying with
4.3 shall be provided through fixed security barriers at each single barrier or group of security barriers. A
group is two or more security barriers immediately adjacent to each other at a single location. Where
security barriers incorporate equipment such as metal detectors, fluoroscopes, or other similar devices
which cannot be made accessible, an accessible route shall be provided adjacent to such security screening
devices to facilitate an equivalent circulation path. The circulation path shall permit persons with disabilities
passing through security barriers to maintain visual contact with their personal items to the same extent
provided other members of the general public. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: Doors, doorways, and gates designed to be operated only by security personnel shall be
exempt from 4.13.9, 4.13.11, and 4.13.12.
10.5 Boat and Ferry Docks. [Reserved]

NOTE: Section 11 has not been incorporated in the Department of Justice accessibility standards
and therefore is not enforceable.
11. JUDICIAL, LEGISLATIVE AND REGULATORY FACILITIES.
11.1 General. In addition to the requirements in section 4 and 11.1, judicial facilities shall comply with
11.2 and legislative and regulatory facilities shall comply with 11.3.
11.1.1 Entrances. Where provided, at least one restricted entrance and one secured entrance to the
facility shall be accessible in addition to the entrances required to be accessible by 4.1.3(8). Restricted
entrances are those entrances used only by judges, public officials, facility personnel or other authorized
parties on a controlled basis. Secured entrances are those entrances to judicial facilities used only by

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detainees and detention officers.

EXCEPTION: At secured entrances, doors and doorways operated only by security personnel shall be
exempt from 4.13.9, 4.13.10, 4.13.11 and 4.13.12.
11.1.2 Security Systems. An accessible route complying with 4.3 shall be provided through fixed
security barriers at required accessible entrances. Where security barriers incorporate equipment such as
metal detectors, fluoroscopes, or other similar devices which cannot be made accessible, an accessible
route shall be provided adjacent to such security screening devices to facilitate an equivalent circulation
path.
11.1.3* Two-Way Communication Systems. Where a two-way communication system is provided to
gain admittance to a facility or to restricted areas within the facility, the system shall provide both visual
and audible signals and shall comply with 4.27. Appendix Note
11.2 Judicial Facilities.
11.2.1 Courtrooms.
(1) Where provided, the following elements and spaces shall be on an accessible route complying with 4.3.
Areas that are raised or depressed and accessed by ramps or platform lifts with entry ramps shall provide
unobstructed turning space complying with 4.2.3.
EXCEPTION: Vertical access to raised judges' benches or courtroom stations need not be installed provided
that the requisite areas, maneuvering spaces, and, if appropriate, electrical service are installed at the time
of initial construction to allow future installation of a means of vertical access complying with 4.8, 4.10, or
4.11 without requiring substantial reconstruction of the space.
(a) Spectator, Press, and Other Areas with Fixed Seats. Where spectator, press or other areas with fixed
seats are provided, each type of seating area shall comply with 4.1.3(19)(a).
(b) Jury Boxes and Witness Stands. Each jury box and witness stand shall have within its defined area
clear floor space complying with 4.2.4.

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(c) Judges' Benches and Courtroom Stations. Judges' benches, it
d
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la vcounsel rstationseshall comply with 4.32.
clerks' stations, court reporters' stations and litigants' and
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cilistening systems1complying with 4.33 shall be provided in each
(2)* Permanently installed assistive
No.
courtroom. The minimum number of receivers shall be four percent of the room occupant load, as
EXCEPTION: In alterations, accessible wheelchair spaces are not required to be located within the defined
area of raised jury boxes or witness stands and may be located outside these spaces where ramp or lift
access poses a hazard by restricting or projecting into a means of egress required by the appropriate

determined by applicable State or local codes, but not less than two receivers. An informational sign
indicating the availability of an assistive listening system and complying with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3,
4.30.5, and 4.30.7(4) shall be posted in a prominent place. Appendix Note
11.2.2 Jury Assembly Areas and Jury Deliberation Areas. Where provided in areas used for jury assembly
or deliberation, the following elements or spaces shall be on an accessible route complying with 4.3 and
shall comply with the following provisions:
(1) Refreshment Areas. Refreshment areas, kitchenettes and fixed or built-in refreshment dispensers shall
comply with the technical provisions of 9.2.2(7).
(2) Drinking Fountains. Where provided in rooms covered under 11.2.2, there shall be a drinking fountain
in each room complying with 4.15.
11.2.3 Courthouse Holding Facilities.
(1) Holding Cells - Minimum Number. Where provided, facilities for detainees, including central holding
cells and court-floor holding cells, shall comply with the following:
(a) Central Holding Cells. Where separate central holding cells are provided for adult male, juvenile male,
adult female, or juvenile female, one of each type shall comply with 11.2.3(2). Where central-holding
cells are provided, which are not separated by age or sex, at least one cell complying with 11.2.3(2) shall
be provided.
(b) Court-Floor Holding Cells. Where separate court-floor holding cells are provided for adult male,
juvenile male, adult female, or juvenile female, each courtroom shall be served by one cell of each type
complying with 11.2.3(2). Where court-floor holding cells are provided, which are not separated by age
or sex, courtrooms shall be served by at least one cell complying with 11.2.3(2). Cells may serve more
than one courtroom.

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(2) Requirements for Accessible Cells. Accessible cells shall be on an accessible route complying with 4.3.
Where provided, the following elements or spaces serving accessible cells shall be accessible and on an
accessible route:
(a) Doors and Doorways. All doors and doorways to accessible spaces and on an accessible route shall
comply with 4.13.
EXCEPTION: Doors and doorways operated only by security personnel shall be exempt from 4.13.9,
4.13.10, 4.13.11 and 4.13.12.
(b)* Toilet and Bathing Facilities. Toilet facilities shall comply with 4.22 and bathing facilities shall comply
with 4.23. Privacy screens shall not intrude on the clear floor space required for fixtures or the accessible
route. Appendix Note
(c)* Beds. Beds shall have maneuvering space at least 36 in (915 mm) wide along one side. Where more
than one bed is provided in a cell, the maneuvering space provided at adjacent beds may overlap.
Appendix Note
(d) Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers. Drinking fountains shall be accessible to individuals who use
wheelchairs in accordance with 4.15 and shall be accessible to those who have difficulty bending or
stooping. This can be accomplished by the use of a "hi-lo" fountain; by providing one fountain accessible
to those who use wheelchairs and one fountain at a standard height convenient for those who have
difficulty bending; by providing a fountain accessible under 4.15 and a water cooler; or by other such
means as would achieve the required accessibility for each group.
(e) Fixed or Built-in Seating and Tables. Fixed or built-in seating, tables or counters shall comply with
4.32.
(f) Fixed Benches. Fixed benches shall be mounted at 17 in to 19 in (430 mm to 485 mm) above the finish
floor and provide back support (e.g., attachment to wall). The structural strength of the bench
attachments shall comply with 4.26.3.

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(a) Cubicles and Counters. Five percent, but not less than one, of fixed C
& cubicles shall comply with 4.32 on
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both the visitor and detainee sides. Where counters are provided, a portion at least 36 in (915 mm) in
v. Ci chived o
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length shall comply with 4.32 on both the visitor and detainee sides.
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(b) Partitions. Solid partitions or security
14No.
7.2(3). Appendix Note
(3)* Visiting Areas. The following elements, where provided, shall be located on an accessible route
complying with 4.3 and shall comply with the following provisions:

11.3* Legislative and Regulatory Facilities. Assembly areas designated for public use, including public
meeting rooms, hearing rooms, and chambers shall comply with 11.3. Appendix Note
11.3.1 Where provided, the following elements and spaces shall be on an accessible route complying with
4.3. Areas that are raised or depressed and accessed by ramps or platform lifts with entry ramps shall
provide unobstructed turning space complying with 4.2.3.
(1) Raised Speakers' Platforms. Where raised speakers' platforms are provided, at least one of each type
shall be accessible.
(2) Spectator, Press, and Other Areas with Fixed Seats. Where spectator, press or other areas with fixed
seats are provided, each type of seating area shall comply with 4.1.3(19)(a).
11.3.2* Each assembly area provided with a permanently installed audio-amplification system shall have
a permanently installed assistive listening system. The minimum number of receivers shall be four percent
of the room occupant load, as determined by applicable State or local codes, but not less than two
receivers. An informational sign indicating the availability of an assistive listening system and complying
with 4.30.1, 4.30.2, 4.30.3, 4.30.5, and 4.30.7(4) shall be posted in a prominent place. Appendix
Note
NOTE: Section 12 has not been incorporated in the Department of Justice accessibility
standards and therefore is not enforceable.

12. DETENTION AND CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES.
12.1* General. This section applies to jails, holding cells in police stations, prisons, juvenile detention
centers, reformatories, and other institutional occupancies where occupants are under some degree of

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restraint or restriction for security reasons. Except as specified in this section, detention and correctional
facilities shall comply with the applicable requirements of section 4. All common use areas serving
accessible cells or rooms and all public use areas are required to be designed and constructed to comply

with section 4. Appendix Note
EXCEPTIONS: Requirements for areas of rescue assistance in 4.1.3(9), 4.3.10, and 4.3.11 do not apply.
Compliance with requirements for elevators in 4.1.3(5) and stairs 4.1.3(4) is not required in multi-story
housing facilities where accessible cells or rooms, all common use areas serving them, and all public use
areas are on an accessible route. Compliance with 4.1.3(16) is not required in areas other than public use
areas.
12.2 Entrances and Security Systems.
12.2.1* Entrances. Entrances used by the public, including those that are secured, shall be accessible as
required by 4.1.3(8). Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: Compliance with 4.13.9, 4.13.10, 4.13.11 and 4.13.12 is not required at entrances, doors,
or doorways that are operated only by security personnel or where security requirements prohibit full
compliance with these provisions.
12.2.2 Security Systems. Where security systems are provided at public or other entrances required to
be accessible by 12.2.1 or 12.2.2, an accessible route complying with 4.3 shall be provided through fixed
security barriers. Where security barriers incorporate equipment such as metal detectors, fluoroscopes, or
other similar devices which cannot be made accessible, an accessible route shall be provided adjacent to
such security screening devices to facilitate an equivalent circulation path.
12.3* Visiting Areas. In non-contact visiting areas where inmates or detainees are separated from
visitors, the following elements, where provided, shall be accessible and located on an accessible route
complying with 4.3:
(1) Cubicles and Counters. Five percent, but not less than one, of fixed cubicles shall comply with 4.32 on
both the visitor and detainee or inmate sides. Where counters are provided, a portion at least 36 in (915
mm) in length shall comply with 4.32 on both the visitor and detainee or inmate sides.

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(2) Partitions. Solid partitions or security glazing separating visitors from inmates
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12.4 Holding and Housing Cells or Rooms: K
in Minimum521 a
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12.4.1* Holding Cells and General Housing 14 or
No cells or rooms provided in a facility shall comply with 12.5.
one, of the total number of housing or holding

EXCEPTION: At non-contact visiting areas not serving accessible cells or rooms, the requirements of
12.3(1) do not apply to the inmate or detainee side of cubicles or counters.

Appendix Note
12.4.2* Special Holding and Housing Cells or Rooms. In addition to the requirements of 12.4.1, where
special holding or housing cells or rooms are provided, at least one serving each purpose shall comply with
12.5. An accessible special holding or housing cell or room may serve more than one purpose. Cells or
rooms subject to this requirement include, but are not limited to, those used for purposes of orientation,
protective custody, administrative or disciplinary detention or segregation, detoxification, and medical
isolation. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: Cells or rooms specially designed without protrusions and to be used solely for purposes of
suicide prevention are exempt from the requirement for grab bars at water closets in 4.16.4.
12.4.3* Accessible Cells or Rooms for Persons with Hearing Impairments. In addition to the
requirements of 12.4.1, two percent, but not less than one, of general housing or holding cells or rooms
equipped with audible emergency warning systems or permanently installed telephones within the cell or
room shall comply with the applicable requirements of 12.6. Appendix Note
12.4.4 Medical Care Facilities. Medical care facilities providing physical or medical treatment or care
shall comply with the applicable requirements of section 6.1, 6.3 and 6.4, if persons may need assistance
in emergencies and the period of stay may exceed 24 hours. Patient bedrooms or cells required to be
accessible under 6.1 and 6.3 shall be provided in addition to any medical isolation cells required to be
accessible under 12.4.2.
12.4.5 Alterations to Cells or Rooms. (Reserved.)
12.5 Requirements for Accessible Cells or Rooms.
12.5.1 General. Cells or rooms required to be accessible by 12.4 shall comply with 12.5.
12.5.2* Minimum Requirements. Accessible cells or rooms shall be on an accessible route complying

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with 4.3. Where provided to serve accessible housing or holding cells or rooms, the following elements or
spaces shall be accessible and connected by an accessible route. Appendix Note
(1) Doors and Doorways. All doors and doorways on an accessible route shall comply with 4.13.

EXCEPTION: Compliance with 4.13.9, 4.13.10, 4.13.11 and 4.13.12 is not required at entrances, doors,
or doorways that are operated only by security personnel or where security requirements prohibit full
compliance with these provisions.
(2)* Toilet and Bathing Facilities. At least one toilet facility shall comply with 4.22 and one bathing facility
shall comply with 4.23. Privacy screens shall not intrude on the clear floor space required for fixtures and
the accessible route. Appendix Note
(3)* Beds. Beds shall have maneuvering space at least 36 in (915 mm) wide along one side. Where more
than one bed is provided in a room or cell, the maneuvering space provided at adjacent beds may overlap.
Appendix Note
(4) Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers. At least one drinking fountain shall comply with 4.15.
(5) Fixed or Built-in Seating or Tables. Fixed or built-in seating, tables and counters shall comply with
4.32.
(6) Fixed Benches. At least one fixed bench shall be mounted at 17 in to 19 in (430 mm to 485 mm)
above the finish floor and provide back support (e.g., attachment to wall). The structural strength of the
bench attachments shall comply with 4.26.3.
(7) Storage. Fixed or built-in storage facilities, such as cabinets, shelves, closets, and drawers, shall
contain storage space complying with 4.25.
(8) Controls. All controls intended for operation by inmates shall comply with 4.27.
(9) Accommodations for persons with hearing impairments required by 12.4.3 and complying with 12.6
shall be provided in accessible cells or rooms.

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EXCEPTION: Visual alarms are not required where 4-17 or detainees are not allowed independent means
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of egress.
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13. RESIDENTIAL HOUSING [RESERVED]
14. PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY [RESERVED]
NOTE: Section 15 has not been incorporated in the Department of Justice accessibility
standards and therefore is not enforceable.
15* RECREATION FACILITIES.
15.1 Amusement Rides
15.2 Boating Facilities
15.3 Fishing Piers and Platforms
15.4 Golf
15.5 Miniature Golf
15.6 Play Areas
15.7 Exercise Equipment and Machines, Bowling Lanes, and Shooting Facilities
15.8 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas
Newly designed or newly constructed and altered recreation facilities shall comply with the applicable
requirements of section 4 and the special application sections, except as modified or otherwise provided in
this section. Appendix Note
15.1* Amusement RidesAppendix Note
15.1.1 General. Newly designed or newly constructed and altered amusement rides shall comply with
15.1.
EXCEPTION 1*: Mobile or portable amusement rides shall not be required to comply with 15.1. Appendix

Note

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EXCEPTION 2*: Amusement rides which are controlled or operated by the rider shall be required to comply
only with 15.1.4 and 15.1.5. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 3*: Amusement rides designed primarily for children, where children are assisted on and off
the ride by an adult, shall be required to comply only with 15.1.4 and 15.1.5. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 4: Amusement rides without amusement ride seats shall be required to comply only with
15.1.4 and 15.1.5.
15.1.2* Alterations to Amusement Rides. A modification to an existing amusement ride is an
alteration subject to 15.1 if one or more of the following conditions apply:
1. The amusement ride’s structural or operational characteristics are changed to the extent that the ride’s
performance differs from that specified by the manufacturer or the original design criteria; or
2. The load and unload area of the amusement ride is newly designed and constructed. Appendix Note
15.1.3 Number Required. Each amusement ride shall provide at least one wheelchair space complying
with 15.1.7, or at least one amusement ride seat designed for transfer complying with 15.1.8, or at least
one transfer device complying with 15.1.9.
15.1.4* Accessible Route. When in the load and unload position, amusement rides required to comply
with 15.1 shall be served by an accessible route complying with 4.3. Any part of an accessible route
serving amusement rides with a slope greater than 1:20 shall be considered a ramp and shall comply with
4.8. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 1: The maximum slope specified in 4.8.2 shall not apply in the load and unload areas or on
the amusement ride where compliance is structurally or operationally infeasible, provided that the slope of
the ramp shall not exceed 1:8.

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EXCEPTION 3: Limited-use/limited-application elevators and platform lifts complying with 4.11 shall be
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15.1.5 Load and Unload Areas. Load and n Ki areas serving amusement rides required to comply
unload
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with 15.1 shall provide a maneuvering space
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slope not steeper than 1:48.
No.
EXCEPTION 2: Handrails shall not be required in the load and unload areas or on the amusement ride
where compliance is structurally or operationally infeasible.

15.1.6 Signage. Signage shall be provided at the entrance of the queue or waiting line for each
amusement ride to identify the type of access provided. Where an accessible unload area also serves as
the accessible load area, signage shall be provided at the entrance to the queue or waiting line indicating
the location of the accessible load and unload area.
15.1.7 Amusement Rides with Wheelchair Spaces. Amusement rides with wheelchair spaces shall
comply with 15.1.7.
15.1.7.1 Floor or Ground Surface. The floor or ground surface of wheelchair spaces shall comply with
15.1.7.1.
15.1.7.1.1 Slope. The floor or ground surface of wheelchair spaces shall have a slope not steeper than
1:48 when in the load and unload position and shall be stable and firm.
15.1.7.1.2* Gaps. Floors of amusement rides with wheelchair spaces and floors of load and unload areas
shall be coordinated so that, when the amusement rides are at rest in the load and unload position, the
vertical difference between the floors shall be within plus or minus 5/8 inches (16 mm) and the horizontal
gap shall be no greater than 3 inches (75 mm) under normal passenger load conditions. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: Where compliance is not operationally or structurally feasible, ramps, bridge plates, or similar
devices complying with the applicable requirements of 36 C.F.R. 1192.83(c) shall be provided.
15.1.7.2 Clearances. Clearances for wheelchair spaces shall comply with 15.1.7.2.
EXCEPTION 1: Where provided, securement devices shall be permitted to overlap required clearances.
EXCEPTION 2: Wheelchair spaces shall be permitted to be mechanically or manually repositioned.
EXCEPTION 3*: Wheelchair spaces shall not be required to comply with 4.4.2. Appendix Note

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15.1.7.2.1 Width and Length. Wheelchair spaces shall provide a clear width of 30 inches (760 mm)
minimum and a clear length of 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum measured to 9 inches (230 mm) minimum
above the floor surface.
15.1.7.2.2* Wheelchair Spaces - Side Entry. Where the wheelchair space can be entered only from the
side, the ride shall be designed to permit sufficient maneuvering space for individuals using a wheelchair
or mobility device to enter and exit the ride. Appendix Note
15.1.7.2.3 Protrusions in Wheelchair Spaces. Objects are permitted to protrude a distance of 6 inches
(150 mm) maximum along the front of the wheelchair space where located 9 inches (230 mm) minimum
and 27 inches (685 mm) maximum above the floor or ground surface of the wheelchair space. Objects are
permitted to protrude a distance of 25 inches (635 mm) maximum along the front of the wheelchair space,
where located more than 27 inches (685 mm) above the floor or ground surface of the wheelchair space
(see Fig. 58).

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15.1.7.4 Approach. One side of the wheelchair spacea
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15.1.7.5 Companion Seats. Where t
o. width
(1346 mm), seating is provided for more N one rider, and the wheelchair is not required to be centered
than
within the amusement ride, a companion seat shall be provided for each wheelchair space.
15.1.7.5.1 Shoulder-to-Shoulder Seating. Where an amusement ride provides shoulder-to-shoulder
seating, companion seats shall be shoulder-to-shoulder with the adjacent wheelchair space.
EXCEPTION: Where shoulder-to-shoulder companion seating is not operationally or structurally feasible,
compliance with this provision shall be required to the maximum extent feasible.
15.1.8* Amusement Ride Seats Designed for Transfer. Amusement ride seats designed for transfer
shall comply with 15.1.8 when positioned for loading and unloading. Appendix Note
15.1.8.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. Clear floor or ground space complying with 4.2.4 shall be
provided in the load and unload area adjacent to the amusement ride seats designed for transfer.
15.1.8.2 Transfer Height. The height of the amusement ride seats shall be 14 inches (355 mm)
minimum to 24 inches (610mm) maximum measured above the load and unload surface.
15.1.8.3 Transfer Entry. Where openings are provided to transfer to amusement ride seats, the space
shall be designed to provide clearance for transfer from a wheelchair or mobility device to the amusement
ride seat.
15.1.8.4 Wheelchair Storage Space. Wheelchair storage spaces complying with 4.2.4 shall be provided
in or adjacent to unload areas for each required amusement ride seat designed for transfer and shall not
overlap any required means of egress or accessible route.
15.1.9* Transfer Devices for Use with Amusement Rides. Transfer devices for use with amusement
rides shall comply with 15.1.9 when positioned for loading and unloading. Appendix Note
15.1.9.1 Clear Floor or Ground Space. Clear floor or ground space complying with 4.2.4 shall be

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provided in the load and unload area adjacent to the transfer devices.

15.1.9.2 Transfer Height. The height of the transfer device seats shall be 14 inches (355 mm) minimum
to 24 inches (610 mm) maximum measured above the load and unload surface.
15.1.9.3 Wheelchair Storage Space. Wheelchair storage spaces complying with 4.2.4 shall be provided
in or adjacent to unload areas for each required transfer device and shall not overlap any required means
of egress or accessible route.
15.2 Boating Facilities.
15.2.1 General. Newly designed or newly constructed and altered boating facilities shall comply with
15.2.
15.2.2* Accessible Route. Accessible routes, including gangways that are part of accessible routes, shall
comply with 4.3. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 1. Where an existing gangway or series of gangways is replaced or altered, an increase in the
length of the gangway is not required to comply with 15.2.2, unless required by 4.1.6(2).
EXCEPTION 2. The maximum rise specified in 4.8.2 shall not apply to gangways.
EXCEPTION 3. Where the total length of the gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required
accessible route is at least 80 feet (24 m), the maximum slope specified in 4.8.2 shall not apply to the
gangways.
EXCEPTION 4. In facilities containing fewer than 25 boat slips and where the total length of the gangway
or series of gangways serving as part of a required accessible route is at least 30 feet (9140 mm), the
maximum slope specified in 4.8.2 shall not apply to the gangways.
EXCEPTION 5. Where gangways connect to transition plates, landings specified by 4.8.4 shall not be
required.

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EXCEPTION 6. Where gangways and transition plates connect and are required to have handrails, handrail
San 2017
extensions specified by 4.8.5 shall not be required. Where handrail extensions are provided on gangways
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or transition plates, such extensions are not required to be parallel with Coground or floor surface.
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EXCEPTION 7. The cross slope of gangways, transition a v. and floatinged that are part of an
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accessible route shall be 1:50 maximum measured in the static position.
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EXCEPTION 8. Limited-use/limited-application .
No elevators or platform lifts complying with 4.11 shall be
permitted in lieu of gangways complying with 4.3.

15.2.3* Boat Slips: Minimum Number. Where boat slips are provided, boat slips complying with 15.2.5
shall be provided in accordance with Table 15.2.3. Where the number of boat slips is not identified, each
40 feet (12 m) of boat slip edge provided along the perimeter of the pier shall be counted as one boat slip
for the purpose of this section. Appendix Note
Table 15.2.3
Total Boat Slips in Facility
1 to 25
26 to 50
51 to 100
101 to 150
151 to 300
301 to 400
401 to 500
501 to 600
601 to 700
701 to 800
801 to 900
901 to 1000
1001 and over

Minimum Number of Required
Accessible Boat Slips
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
12, plus 1 for each 100 or fraction thereof over
1000

15.2.3.1* Dispersion. Accessible boat slips shall be dispersed throughout the various types of slips
provided. This provision does not require an increase in the minimum number of boat slips required to be

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accessible. Appendix Note
15.2.4* Boarding Piers at Boat Launch Ramps. Where boarding piers are provided at boat launch
ramps, at least 5 percent, but not less than one of the boarding piers shall comply with 15.2.4 and shall be
served by an accessible route complying with 4.3. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 1. Accessible routes serving floating boarding piers shall be permitted to use exceptions 1, 2,
5, 6, 7, and 8 in 15.2.2.
EXCEPTION 2. Where the total length of the gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required
accessible route is at least 30 feet (9140 mm), the maximum slope specified by 4.8.2 shall not apply to
the gangways.
EXCEPTION 3. Where the accessible route serving a floating boarding pier or skid pier is located within a
boat launch ramp, the portion of the accessible route located within the boat launch ramp shall not be
required to comply with 4.8.
15.2.4.1* Boarding Pier Clearances. The entire length of the piers shall comply with 15.2.5. Appendix
Note
15.2.5* Accessible Boat Slips. Accessible boat slips shall comply with 15.2.5. Appendix Note
15.2.5.1 Clearances. Accessible boat slips shall be served by clear pier space 60 inches (1525 mm) wide
minimum and at least as long as the accessible boat slips. Every 10 feet (3050 mm) maximum of linear
pier edge serving the accessible boat slips shall contain at least one continuous clear opening 60 inches
(1525 mm) minimum in width (see Fig. 59).
EXCEPTION 1: The width of the clear pier space shall be permitted to be 36 inches (915 mm) minimum for
a length of 24 inches (610 mm) maximum, provided that multiple 36 inch (915mm) wide segments are
separated by segments that are 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum clear in width and 60 inches (1525 mm)
minimum clear in length. (see Fig. 60)

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EXCEPTION 2: Edge protection 4 inches (100 mm) high maximum and 2 inches (51mm) deep maximum
San 2017
shall be permitted at the continuous clear openings. (see Fig. 61)
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EXCEPTION 3*: In alterations to existing facilities, clear pier space shall be permitted u be located
City slip, ed the facility has at least
perpendicular to the boat slip and shall extend the width of .
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one boat slip complying with 15.2.5, and further compliance with 15.2.5 would
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ein aireduction1752
number of boat slips available or result
cit
1
No.
15.2.5.2 Cleats and Other Boat Securement Devices. Cleats and other boat securement devices shall
not be required to comply with 4.27.3.

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15.3 Fishing Piers and Platforms.it
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No.
15.3.1 General. Newly designed or newly constructed and altered fishing piers and platforms shall
comply with 15.3.
15.3.2 Accessible Route. Accessible routes, including gangways that are part of accessible routes,
serving fishing piers and platforms shall comply with 4.3.
EXCEPTION 1: Accessible routes serving floating fishing piers and platforms shall be permitted to use
exceptions 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 in 15.2.2.
EXCEPTION 2*: Where the total length of the gangway or series of gangways serving as part of a required
accessible route is at least 30 feet (9140 mm), the maximum slope specified by 4.8.2 shall not apply to
the gangways. Appendix Note
15.3.3 Railings. Where railings, guards, or handrails are provided, they shall comply with 15.3.3.
15.3.3.1* Edge Protection. Edge protection shall be provided and shall extend 2 inches (51mm)
minimum above the ground or deck surface.Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: Where the railing, guard, or handrail is 34 inches (865 mm) or less above the ground or deck
surface, edge protection shall not be required if the deck surface extends 12 inches (305 mm) minimum
beyond the inside face of the railing. Toe clearance shall be 9 inches (230 mm) minimum above the
ground or deck surface beyond the railing. Toe clearance shall be 30 inches (760 mm) minimum wide (see
Fig. 62).

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15.3.3.2 Height. At least 25 percent of the railings, guard, or handrail shall be 34 inches (865 mm)
maximum above the ground or deck surface.
Exception: This provision shall not apply to that portion of a fishing pier or platform where a guard which
complies with sections 1003.2.12.1 (Height) and 1003.2.12.2 (Opening limitations) of the International
Building Code (incorporated by reference, see 2.3.2) is provided.
15.3.3.3* Dispersion. Railings required to comply with 15.3.3.2 shall be dispersed throughout a fishing
pier or platform. Appendix Note
15.3.4 Clear Floor or Ground Space. At least one clear floor or ground space complying with 4.2.4 shall
be provided where the railing height required by 15.3.3.2 is located. Where no railings are provided, at
least one clear floor or ground space complying with 4.2.4 shall be provided.

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15.3.5 Maneuvering Space. At least one maneuvering space complying with nt
4.2.3 shall
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15.4 Golf.
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15.4.1 General. Newly designed or it
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No.
putting greens, and practice teeing grounds shall comply with 15.4.
15.4.2* Accessible Route - Golf Course. An accessible route shall connect accessible elements and
spaces within the boundary of the golf course. In addition, an accessible route shall connect the golf car
rental area, bag drop areas, practice putting greens, accessible practice teeing grounds, course toilet
rooms, and course weather shelters. The accessible route required by this section shall be 48 inches (1220
mm) minimum wide. Where handrails are provided, the accessible route shall be 60 inches (1525 mm)
minimum wide. Appendix Note

EXCEPTION 1: A golf car passage complying with 15.4.7 shall be permitted in lieu of all or part of an
accessible route required by 15.4.2.
EXCEPTION 2: The handrail requirements of 4.8.5 shall not apply to an accessible route located within the
boundary of a golf course.
15.4.3* Accessible Route - Driving Ranges. An accessible route shall connect accessible teeing
stations at driving ranges with accessible parking spaces and shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) wide
minimum. Where handrails are provided, the accessible route shall be 60 inches (1525 mm) wide
minimum. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: A golf car passage complying with 15.4.7 shall be permitted in lieu of all or part of an
accessible route required by 15.4.3.
15.4.4 Teeing Grounds. Teeing grounds shall comply with 15.4.4.
15.4.4.1 Number Required. Where one or two teeing grounds are provided for a hole, at least one
teeing ground serving the hole shall comply with 15.4.4.3. Where three or more teeing grounds are
provided for a hole, at least two teeing grounds shall comply with 15.4.4.3.
15.4.4.2 Forward Teeing Ground. The forward teeing ground shall be accessible.

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EXCEPTION: In alterations, the forward teeing ground shall not be required to be accessible where
compliance is not feasible due to terrain.
15.4.4.3 Teeing Grounds. Teeing grounds required by 15.4.4.1 and 15.4.4.2 shall be designed and
constructed so that a golf car can enter and exit the teeing ground.
15.4.5 Teeing Stations at Driving Ranges and Practice Teeing Grounds. Where teeing stations or
practice teeing grounds are provided, at least 5 percent of the practice teeing stations or practice teeing
grounds, but not less than one, shall comply with 15.4.4.3.
15.4.6 Weather Shelters. Where weather shelters are provided on a golf course, each weather shelter
shall have a clear floor or ground space 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 96 inches (2440 mm) minimum
and shall be designed and constructed so that a golf car can enter and exit.
15.4.7 Golf Car Passage. Where curbs or other constructed barriers are provided along a golf car passage
to prohibit golf cars from entering a fairway, openings at least 60 inches (1525 mm) wide shall be
provided at intervals not to exceed 75 yds (69 m).
15.4.7.1 Width. The golf car passage shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum wide.
15.4.8 Putting Greens. Each putting green shall be designed and constructed so that a golf car can enter
and exit the putting green.
15.5* Miniature Golf.Appendix Note
15.5.1 General. Newly designed or newly constructed and altered miniature golf courses shall comply
with 15.5.
15.5.2 Accessible Holes. At least fifty percent of holes on a miniature golf course shall comply with
15.5.3 through 15.5.5 and shall be consecutive.

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15.5.3* Accessible Route. An accessible route complying with 4.3 shall connect
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travel back through other holes. Appendix Note iro
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15.5.3.1 Accessible Route - Located On the 14
No
EXCEPTION: One break in the sequence of consecutive accessible holes shall be permitted, provided that
the last hole on a miniature golf course is the last hole in the sequence.

on the playing surface of the accessible hole, exceptions 1-5 shall be permitted.

EXCEPTION 1: Where carpet is provided, the requirements of 4.5.3 shall not apply.
EXCEPTION 2: Where the accessible route intersects the playing surface of a hole, a 1 inch (26 mm)
maximum curb shall be permitted for a width of 32 inches (815 mm) minimum.
EXCEPTION 3: A slope of 1:4 maximum for a 4 inch (100 mm) maximum rise shall be permitted.
EXCEPTION 4: Landings required by 4.8.4 shall be permitted to be 48 inches (1220 mm) in length
minimum. Landing size required by 4.8.4(3) shall be permitted to be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum by
60 inches (1525 mm) minimum. Landing slopes shall be permitted to be 1:20 maximum.
EXCEPTION 5: Handrail requirements of 4.8.5 shall not apply.
15.5.3.2 Accessible Route - Adjacent to the Playing Surface. Where the accessible route is located
adjacent to the playing surface, the requirements of 4.3 shall apply.
15.5.4 Start of Play Areas. Start of play areas at holes required to comply with 15.5.2 shall have a slope
not steeper than 1:48 and shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum.
15.5.5* Golf Club Reach Range. All areas within accessible holes where golf balls rest shall be within 36
inches (915 mm) maximum of an accessible route having a maximum slope of 1:20 for 48 inches (1220
mm) in length (see Fig. 63). Appendix Note

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15.6 Play Areas.
15.6.1* General. Newly designed and newly constructed play areas for children ages 2 and over and
altered portions of existing play areas shall comply with the applicable provisions of section 4, except as
modified or otherwise provided by this section. Where separate play areas are provided within a site for
specified age groups, each play area shall comply with this section. Where play areas are designed or
constructed in phases, this section shall be applied so that when each successive addition is completed,
the entire play area complies with all the applicable provisions of this section. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 1: Play areas located in family child care facilities where the proprietor actually resides shall
not be required to comply with 15.6.
EXCEPTION 2: Where play components are relocated in existing play areas for the purpose of creating
safe use zones, 15.6 shall not apply, provided that the ground surface is not changed or extended for
more than one use zone.

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EXCEPTION 3: Where play components are altered and the ground surface is not altered, a ground 17
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EXCEPTION 5: Compliance with 4.4 shall not be
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EXCEPTION 6: Stairs shall not be required o comply with 4.9.
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15.6.2* Ground Level Play Components. Ground level play components shall be provided in the
number and types required by 15.6.2.1 and 15.6.2.2. Ground level play components that are provided to
comply with 15.6.2.1 shall be permitted to satisfy the number required by 15.6.2.2, provided that the
minimum required types of play components are provided. Where more than one ground level play
component required by 15.6.2.1 and 15.6.2.2 is provided, the play components shall be integrated in the
play area. Appendix Note
15.6.2.1 General. Where ground level play components are provided, at least one of each type provided
shall be located on an accessible route complying with 15.6.4 and shall comply with 15.6.6.
15.6.2.2 Additional Number and Types. Where elevated play components are provided, ground level
play components shall be provided in accordance with Table 15.6.2.2. Ground level play components
required by 15.6.2.2 shall be located on an accessible route complying with 15.6.4 and shall comply with
15.6.6.
EXCEPTION: If at least 50 percent of the elevated play components are connected by a ramp, and if at
least 3 of the elevated play components connected by the ramp are different types of play components,
15.6.2.2 shall not apply.
Table 15.6.2.2 Number and Types of Ground Level Play Components
Required to be on Accessible Route
Number of Elevated Play
Components Provided

Minimum Number of Ground
Minimum Number of
Level Play Components
Different Types of Ground
Required to be on Accessible
Level Play Components
Route
Required to be on Accessible
Route

1

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Not applicable

Not applicable

2 to 4
5 to 7

1
2

1
2

8 to 10
11 to 13

3
4

3
3

14 to 16

5

3

17 to 19
20 to 22

6
7

3
4

23 to 25

8

4

More than 25

8 plus 1 for each additional 3
over 25, or fraction thereof

5

15.6.3* Elevated Play Components. Where elevated play components are provided, at least 50 percent
shall be located on an accessible route complying with 15.6.4. Elevated play components connected by a
ramp shall comply with 15.6.6. Appendix Note
15.6.4* Accessible Routes. At least one accessible route complying with 4.3, as modified by 15.6.4, shall
be provided. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 1: Transfer systems complying with 15.6.5 shall be permitted to connect elevated play
components, except where 20 or more elevated play components are provided, no more than 25 percent
of the elevated play components shall be permitted to be connected by transfer systems.
EXCEPTION 2: Where transfer systems are provided, an elevated play component shall be permitted to
connect to another elevated play component in lieu of an accessible route.
EXCEPTION 3: Platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) complying with 4.11 and applicable State or local codes
shall be permitted to be used as part of an accessible route.
15.6.4.1 Location. Accessible routes shall be located within the boundary of the play area and shall
connect ground level play components as required by 15.6.2.1 and 15.6.2.2 and elevated play
components as required by 15.6.3, including entry and exit points of the play components.

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15.6.4.2 Protrusions. Objects shall not protrude into ground level accessible nt
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15.6.4.3 Clear Width. The clear width of accessible routes
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15.6.4.3.1 Ground Level. The clear t
14No
minimum.
EXCEPTION 1: In play areas less than 1,000 square feet, the clear width of accessible routes shall be

permitted to be 44 in (1120 mm) minimum, provided that at least one turning space complying with 4.2.3
is provided where the restricted accessible route exceeds 30 feet (9.14 m) in length.
EXCEPTION 2: The clear width of accessible routes shall be permitted to be 36 in (915 mm) minimum for
a distance of 60 in (1525 mm) maximum, provided that multiple reduced width segments are separated by
segments that are 60 in (1525 mm) minimum in width and 60 in (1525 mm) minimum in length.
15.6.4.3.2 Elevated. The clear width of accessible routes connecting elevated play components shall be
36 in (915 mm).
EXCEPTION 1: The clear width of accessible routes connecting elevated play components shall be
permitted to be reduced to 32 in (815 mm) minimum for a distance of 24 in (610 mm) maximum provided
that reduced width segments are separated by segments that are 48 in (1220 mm) minimum in length and
36 in (915 mm) minimum in width.
EXCEPTION 2: The clear width of transfer systems connecting elevated play components shall be
permitted to be 24 in (610 mm) minimum.
15.6.4.4 Ramp Slope and Rise. Any part of an accessible route with a slope greater than 1:20 shall be
considered a ramp and shall comply with 4.8, as modified by 15.6.4.4.
15.6.4.4.1 Ground Level. The maximum slope for ramps connecting ground level play components
within the boundary of a play area shall be 1:16.
15.6.4.4.2 Elevated. Where a ramp connects elevated play components, the maximum rise of any ramp
run shall be 12 in (305 mm).

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15.6.4.5 Handrails. Where required on ramps, handrails shall comply with 4.8.5, as modified by
15.6.4.5.
EXCEPTION 1: Handrails shall not be required at ramps located within ground level use zones.
EXCEPTION 2: Handrail extensions shall not be required.

15.6.4.5.1 Handrail Gripping Surface. Handrails shall have a diameter or width of 0.95 in (24.1 mm)
minimum to 1.55 in (39.4 mm) maximum, or the shape shall provide an equivalent gripping surface.
15.6.4.5.2 Handrail Height. The top of handrail gripping surfaces shall be 20 in (510 mm) minimum to
28 in (710 mm) maximum above the ramp surface.
15.6.5* Transfer Systems. Where transfer systems are provided to connect elevated play components,
the transfer systems shall comply with 15.6.5. Appendix Note
15.6.5.1 Transfer Platforms. Transfer platforms complying with 15.6.5.1 shall be provided where
transfer is intended to be from a wheelchair or other mobility device (see Fig. 64).

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15.6.5.1.1 Size. Platforms shall have a level surface 14 in (355 mm) minimum in depth and 24 in (610
mm) minimum in width.
15.6.5.1.2 Height. Platform surfaces shall be 11 in (280 mm) minimum to 18 in (455 mm) maximum
above the ground or floor surface.
15.6.5.1.3 Transfer Space. A level space complying with 4.2.4 shall be centered on the 48 in (1220
mm) long dimension parallel to the 24 in (610 mm) minimum long unobstructed side of the transfer
platform.
15.6.5.1.4 Transfer Supports. A means of support for transferring shall be provided.
15.6.5.2 Transfer Steps. Transfer steps complying with 15.6.5.2 shall be provided where movement is
intended from a transfer platform to a level with elevated play components required to be located on an
accessible route (see Fig. 65).

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15.6.5.2.1 Size. Transfer steps shall have a level surface 14 in (355 mm) minimum in depth and 24 in
(610 mm) minimum in width.

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15.6.5.2.3 Transfer Supports. A means of support for transferring shall be provided.
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15.6.6* Play Components. Ground level play components located on accessible routes
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15.6.6.1 Maneuvering Space. Maneuvering space complying ar 4.2.3 shall
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directions. The maneuvering space required o. a swing shall be located immediately adjacent to the
N for
15.6.5.2.2 Height. Each transfer step shall be 8 in (205 mm) maximum high.

swing.

15.6.6.2 Clear Floor or Ground Space. Clear floor or ground space shall be provided at the play
components and shall be 30 in (760 mm) by 48 in (1220 mm) minimum. Clear floor or ground space shall
have a slope not steeper than 1:48 in all directions.
15.6.6.3 Play Tables: Height and Clearances. Where play tables are provided, knee clearance 24 in (610
mm) high minimum, 17 in deep (430 mm) minimum, and 30 in (760 mm) wide minimum shall be
provided. The tops of rims, curbs, or other obstructions shall be 31 in (785 mm) high maximum.
EXCEPTION: Play tables designed or constructed primarily for children ages 5 and under shall not be
required to provide knee clearance if the clear floor or ground space required by 15.6.6.2 is arranged for a
parallel approach and if the rim surface is 31 in (785 mm) high maximum.
15.6.6.4 Entry Points and Seats: Height. Where a play component requires transfer to the entry point
or seat, the entry point or seat shall be 11 in (280 mm) minimum and 24 in (610mm) maximum above the
clear floor or ground space.
EXCEPTION: The entry point of a slide shall not be required to comply with 15.6.6.4.
15.6.6.5 Transfer Supports. Where a play component requires transfer to the entry point or seat, a
means of support for transferring shall be provided.
15.6.7* Ground Surfaces. Ground surfaces along accessible routes, clear floor or ground spaces, and
maneuvering spaces within play areas shall comply with 4.5.1 and 15.6.7. Appendix Note
15.6.7.1 Accessibility. Ground surfaces shall comply with ASTM F 1951 Standard Specification for
Determination of Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment (incorporated
by reference, see 2.3.2). Ground surfaces shall be inspected and maintained regularly and frequently to

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ensure continued compliance with ASTM F 1951.

15.6.7.2 Use Zones. If located within use zones, ground surfaces shall comply with ASTM F 1292
Standard Specification for Impact Attenuation of Surface Systems Under and Around Playground
Equipment (incorporated by reference, see 2.3.2).
15.6.8 Soft Contained Play Structures. Soft contained play structures shall comply with 15.6.8.
15.6.8.1 Accessible Routes to Entry Points. Where three or fewer entry points are provided, at least
one entry point shall be located on an accessible route. Where four or more entry points are provided, at
least two entry points shall be located on an accessible route. Accessible routes shall comply with 4.3.
EXCEPTION: Transfer systems complying with 15.6.5 or platform lifts (wheelchair lifts) complying with
4.11 and applicable State or local codes shall be permitted to be used as part of an accessible route.
15.7 Exercise Equipment and Machines, Bowling Lanes, and Shooting Facilities.
15.7.1 General. Newly designed or newly constructed and altered exercise equipment and machines,
bowling lanes, and shooting facilities shall comply with 15.7.
15.7.2* Exercise Equipment and Machines. At least one of each type of exercise equipment and
machines shall be provided with clear floor or ground space complying with 4.2.4 and shall be served by
an accessible route. Clear floor or ground space shall be positioned for transfer or for use by an individual
seated in a wheelchair. Clear floor or ground spaces for more than one piece of equipment shall be
permitted to overlap. Appendix Note
15.7.3 Bowling Lanes. Where bowling lanes are provided, at least 5 percent, but not less than one of each
type of lane shall be served by an accessible route.
15.7.4* Shooting Facilities. Where fixed firing positions are provided at a site, at least 5 percent, but
not less than one, of each type of firing position shall comply with 15.7.4.1. Appendix Note

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15.8 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas.
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15.8.1 General. Newly designed or newly constructed and.altered swimming pools, wading pools, and
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citnot be required to serve raised diving boards or diving platforms.
EXCEPTION: An accessible route shall
No.
15.7.4.1 Fixed Firing Position. Fixed firing positions shall contain a 60 inch (1525 mm) diameter space
and shall have a slope not steeper than 1:48.

15.8.2* Swimming Pools. At least two accessible means of entry shall be provided for each public use
and common use swimming pool. The primary means of entry shall comply with 15.8.5 (Swimming Pool
Lifts) or 15.8.6 (Sloped Entries). The secondary means of entry shall comply with one of the following:
15.8.5 (Swimming Pool Lifts), 15.8.6 (Sloped Entries), 15.8.7 (Transfer Walls), 15.8.8 (Transfer
Systems), or 15.8.9 (Pool Stairs). Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 1*: Where a swimming pool has less than 300 linear feet (91 m) of swimming pool wall, at
least one accessible means of entry shall be provided and shall comply with 15.8.5 (Swimming Pool Lifts)
or 15.8.6 (Sloped Entries). Appendix Note
EXCEPTION 2: Wave action pools, leisure rivers, sand bottom pools, and other pools where user access is
limited to one area, shall provide at least one accessible means of entry that complies with 15.8.5
(Swimming Pool Lifts), 15.8.6 (Sloped Entries), or 15.8.8 (Transfer Systems).
EXCEPTION 3: Catch pools shall be required only to be served by an accessible route that connects to the
pool edge.
15.8.3 Wading Pools. At least one accessible means of entry complying with 15.8.6 (Sloped Entries)
shall be provided for each wading pool.
15.8.4 Spas. At least one accessible means of entry complying with 15.8.5 (Swimming Pool Lifts),
15.8.7 (Transfer Walls), or 15.8.8 (Transfer Systems) shall be provided for each spa.
EXCEPTION: Where spas are provided in a cluster, 5 percent, but not less than one, in each cluster shall
be accessible.
15.8.5* Pool Lifts. Pool lifts shall comply with 15.8.5. Appendix Note
15.8.5.1 Pool Lift Location. Pool lifts shall be located where the water level does not exceed 48 inches

(1220 mm).

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EXCEPTION 1: Where the entire pool depth is greater than 48 inches (1220 mm), 15.8.5.1 shall not apply.
EXCEPTION 2: Where multiple pool lift locations are provided, no more than one shall be required to be
located in an area where the water level does not exceed 48 inches (1220 mm).
15.8.5.2 Seat Location. In the raised position, the centerline of the seat shall be located over the deck
and 16 inches (405 mm) minimum from the edge of the pool. The deck surface between the centerline of
the seat and the pool edge shall have a slope not greater than 1:48 (see Fig. 68).

15.8.5.3 Clear Deck Space. On the side of the seat opposite the water, a clear deck space shall be
provided parallel with the seat. The space shall be 36 inches (915 mm) wide minimum and shall extend
forward 48 inches (1220 mm) minimum from a line located 12 inches (305mm) behind the rear edge of
the seat. The clear deck space shall have a slope not greater than 1:48 (see Fig. 69).

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15.8.5.4 Seat Height. The height of the lift seat shall be designed to allow a stop at 16 inches (405 mm)
minimum to 19 inches (485 mm) maximum measured from the deck to the top of the seat surface when in
the raised (load) position (see Fig. 70).

15.8.5.5 Seat Width. The seat shall be 16 inches (405 mm) minimum wide.

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15.8.5.6* Footrests and Armrests. Footrests shall be provided and shall move with the seat. If

provided, armrests positioned opposite the water shall be removable or shall fold clear of the seat when
the seat is in the raised (load) position. Appendix Note
EXCEPTION: Footrests shall not be required on pool lifts provided in spas.
15.8.5.7* Operation. The lift shall be capable of unassisted operation from both the deck and water
levels. Controls and operating mechanisms shall be unobstructed when the lift is in use and shall comply
with 4.27.4. Appendix Note
15.8.5.8 Submerged Depth. The lift shall be designed so that the seat will submerge to a water depth of
18 inches (455 mm) minimum below the stationary water level (see Fig. 71).

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15.8.5.9* Lifting Capacity. Single person pool lifts shall have a minimum weight
Cou
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(136 kg) and be capable of sustaining a static load of at least oney &a half times theu
and
n J rated load.
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15.8.6 Sloped Entries. Sloped entries ed i
cit designed to 4-175access into the water shall comply with 15.8.6.
1
No.
15.8.6.1* Sloped Entries. Sloped entries shall comply with 4.3, except as modified below. Appendix
Note
EXCEPTION: Where sloped entries are provided, the surfaces shall not be required to be slip resistant.
15.8.6.2 Submerged Depth. Sloped entries shall extend to a depth of 24 inches (610 mm) minimum to
30 inches (760 mm) maximum below the stationary water level. Where landings are required by 4.8, at
least one landing shall be located 24 inches (610 mm) minimum to 30 inches (760 mm) maximum below
the stationary water level (see Fig. 72).

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EXCEPTION: In wading pools, the sloped entry and landings, if provided, shall extend to the deepest part
of the wading pool.
15.8.6.3* Handrails. Handrails shall be provided on both sides of the sloped entry and shall comply with
4.8.5. The clear width between handrails shall be 33 inches (840 mm) minimum and 38 inches (965 mm)
maximum (see Fig. 73). Appendix Note

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EXCEPTION 1: Handrail extensions specified by 4.8.5 shall not be required at the bottom landing serving a
sloped entry.
EXCEPTION 2: Where a sloped entry is provided for wave action pools, leisure rivers, sand bottom pools,
and other pools where user access is limited to one area, the required clear width between handrails shall
not apply.
EXCEPTION 3: The handrail requirements of 4.8.5 and 15.8.6.3 shall not be required on sloped entries in
wading pools.
15.8.7 Transfer Walls.Transfer walls shall comply with 15.8.7.
15.8.7.1 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525
mm) minimum with a slope not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer wall. Where
one grab bar is provided, the clear deck space shall be centered on the grab bar. Where two grab bars are
provided, the clear deck space shall be centered on the clearance between the grab bars (see Fig. 74).

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15.8.7.2 Height. The height of the transfer wall shall be 16 inches (405 mm) minimum to 19 inches (485
mm) maximum measured from the deck (see Fig. 75).

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15.8.7.3 Wall Depth and Length. The depth K the transfer1
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and shall be centered on the clear deck space (see Fig. 76).

15.8.7.4 Surface. Surfaces of transfer walls shall not be sharp and shall have rounded edges.
15.8.7.5 Grab Bars. At least one grab bar shall be provided on the transfer wall. Grab bars shall be
perpendicular to the pool wall and shall extend the full depth of the transfer wall. The top of the gripping
surface shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm) maximum above walls. Where one
grab bar is provided, clearance shall be 24 inches (610 mm) minimum on both sides of the grab bar.
Where two grab bars are provided, clearance between grab bars shall be 24 inches (610 mm) minimum.
Grab bars shall comply with 4.26 (see Fig. 77).

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15.8.8 Transfer Systems. Transfer systems shall comply with 15.8.8.
15.8.8.1 Transfer Platform. A transfer platform 19 inches (485 mm) minimum clear depth by 24 inches
(610 mm) minimum clear width shall be provided at the head of each transfer system (see Fig. 78).

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15.8.8.2 Clear Deck Space. A clear deck space of 60 inches (1525 mm) minimum by 60 inches (1525
mm) minimum with a slope not steeper than 1:48 shall be provided at the base of the transfer platform
surface and shall be centered along a 24 inch (610 mm) minimum unobstructed side of the transfer
platform (see Fig. 79).

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15.8.8.3 Height. The height of the transfer platform shall comply with 15.8.7.2.

15.8.8.4* Transfer Steps. Transfer step height shall be 8 inches (205 mm) maximum. Transfer steps
shall extend to a water depth of 18 inches (455 mm) minimum below the stationary water level (see Fig.
80). Appendix Note

15.8.8.5 Surface. The surface of the transfer system shall not be sharp and shall have rounded edges.
15.8.8.6 Size. Each transfer step shall have a tread clear depth of 14 inches (355 mm) minimum and 17
inches (430 mm) maximum and shall have a tread clear width of 24 inches (610 mm) minimum (see Fig.
81).

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15.8.8.7* Grab Bars. At least one grab bar on each transfer step and the transfer platform, or a
continuous grab bar serving each transfer step and the transfer platform, shall be provided. Where
provided, the top of the gripping surface shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm)
maximum above each step and transfer platform. Where a continuous grab bar is provided, the top of the
gripping surface shall be 4 inches (100 mm) minimum and 6 inches (150 mm) maximum above the step
nosing and transfer platform. Grab bars shall comply with 4.26 and be located on at least one side of the
transfer system. The grab bar located at the transfer platform shall not obstruct transfer (see Fig. 82).
Appendix Note

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15.8.9 Pool Stairs. Pool stairs shall comply with 15.8.9.
15.8.9.1 Pool Stairs. Pool stairs shall comply with 4.9, except as modified below.
15.8.9.2 Handrails. The width between handrails shall be 20 inches (510 mm) minimum and 24 inches
(610 mm) maximum. Handrail extensions required by 4.9.4 shall not be required at the bottom landing
serving a pool stair.
15.8.10* Water Play Components. Where water play components are provided, the provisions of 15.6
and 4.3 shall apply, except as modified or otherwise provided in this section. Appendix Note

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EXCEPTION 1: Where the surface of the accessible route, clear floor or ground spaces and maneuvering 7
of Sa 9, 201
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spaces connecting play components is submerged, the provisions of 15.6 and 4.3
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APPENDIX
This appendix contains materials of an advisory nature and provides additional information that should
help the reader to understand the minimum requirements of the guidelines or to design buildings or
facilities for greater accessibility. The paragraph numbers correspond to the sections or paragraphs of the
guideline to which the material relates and are therefore not consecutive (for example, A4.2.1 contains
additional information relevant to 4.2.1). Sections of the guidelines for which additional material appears
in this appendix have been indicated by an asterisk. Nothing in this appendix shall in any way obviate any
obligation to comply with the requirements of the guidelines itself.
A2.0 General.
A2.2 Equivalent Facilitation.
Specific examples of equivalent facilitation are found in the following sections:
4.1.6(3)(c) Elevators in Alterations
4.31.9 Text Telephones
7.2 Sales and Service Counters, Teller Windows, Information Counters
9.1.4 Classes of Sleeping Accommodations
9.2.2(6)(d) Requirements for Accessible Units, Sleeping Rooms, and Suites
A3.0 Miscellaneous Instructions and Definitions.
A3.5 Definitions.
Transient Lodging. The Department of Justice's policy and rules further define what is covered as transient
lodging.
A4.0 Accessible Elements and Spaces: Scope and Technical Requirements.

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A4.1.1 Application.
A4.1.1(3) Areas Used Only by Employees as Work Areas. Where there are a series of individual work
stations of the same type (e.g., laboratories, service counters, ticket booths), 5%, but not less than one,
of each type of work station should be constructed so that an individual with disabilities can maneuver
within the work stations. Rooms housing individual offices in a typical office building must meet the
requirements of the guidelines concerning doors, accessible routes, etc. but do not need to allow for
maneuvering space around individual desks. Modifications required to permit maneuvering within the work
area may be accomplished as a reasonable accommodation to individual employees with disabilities under
Title I of the ADA. Consideration should also be given to placing shelves in employee work areas at a
convenient height for accessibility or installing commercially available shelving that is adjustable so that
reasonable accommodations can be made in the future.
If work stations are made accessible they should comply with the applicable provisions of 4.2 through
4.35.
A4.1.2 Accessible Sites and Exterior Facilities: New Construction.
A4.1.2(2)(b) Court Sports: The accessible route must be direct and connect both sides of the court
without requiring players on one side of the court to traverse through or around another court to get to
the other side of the court.A4.1.2(4)
A4.1.2(4) Exception 1. An accessible route is required to connect to the boundary of the area of sport
activity. The term "area of sport activity" distinguishes that portion of a room or space where the play or
practice of a sport occurs from adjacent areas. Examples of areas of sport activity include: basketball
courts, baseball fields, running tracks, bowling lanes, skating rinks, and the area surrounding a piece of
gymnastic equipment. While the size of an area of sport activity may vary from sport to sport, each
includes only the space needed to play. The following example is provided for additional clarification.

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4-17
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A4.1.2(5)(e) Valet parking is not alwaysN
usable by individuals with disabilities. For instance, an individual
Example. Boundary lines define the field where a football game is played. A safety border is also provided
around the field. The game may temporarily be played in the space between the boundary lines and the

may use a type of vehicle controls that render the regular controls inoperable or the driver's seat in a van
may be removed. In these situations, another person cannot park the vehicle. It is recommended that
some self-parking spaces be provided at valet parking facilities for individuals whose vehicles cannot be
parked by another person and that such spaces be located on an accessible route to the entrance of the
facility.
A4.1.3 Accessible Buildings: New Construction.
A4.1.3(1)(b) Court Sports: The accessible route must be direct and connect both sides of the court
without requiring players on one side of the court to traverse through or around another court to get to
the other side of the court.
A4.1.3(3) Exception 1. An accessible route is required to connect to the boundary of the area of sport
activity. The term "area of sport activity" distinguishes that portion of a room or space where the play or
practice of a sport occurs from adjacent areas. Examples of areas of sport activity include: basketball
courts, baseball fields, running tracks, bowling lanes, skating rinks, and the area surrounding a piece of
gymnastic equipment. While the size of an area of sport activity may vary from sport to sport, each
includes only the space needed to play. The following example is provided for additional clarification.
Example. Boundary lines define the field where a football game is played. A safety border is also provided
around the field. The game may temporarily be played in the space between the boundary lines and the
safety border when players are pushed out of bounds or momentum carries them forward while receiving a
pass. In the game of football, the space between the boundary line and the safety border is used to play
the game. This space and the football field are included in the area of sport activity.
A4.1.3(3) Exception 2. Public circulation routes where animals may also travel, such as in petting zoos
and passageways alongside animal pens in State fairs, are not eligible for the exception.

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A4.1.3(5) Only passenger elevators are covered by the accessibility provisions of 4.10. Materials and

equipment hoists, freight elevators not intended for passenger use, dumbwaiters, and construction
elevators are not covered by these guidelines. If a building is exempt from the elevator requirement, it is
not necessary to provide a platform lift or other means of vertical access in lieu of an elevator.
Under Exception 4, platform lifts are allowed where existing conditions make it impractical to install a ramp
or elevator. Such conditions generally occur where it is essential to provide access to small raised or
lowered areas where space may not be available for a ramp. Examples include, but are not limited to,
raised pharmacy platforms, commercial offices raised above a sales floor, or radio and news booths.
While the use of platform lifts is allowed, ramps are recommended to provide access to player
seating areas serving an area of sport activity.
A4.1.3(9) Supervised automatic sprinkler systems have built in signals for monitoring features of the
system such as the opening and closing of water control valves, the power supplies for needed pumps,
water tank levels, and for indicating conditions that will impair the satisfactory operation of the sprinkler
system. Because of these monitoring features, supervised automatic sprinkler systems have a high level of
satisfactory performance and response to fire conditions.
A4.1.3(10) If an odd number of drinking fountains is provided on a floor, the requirement in 4.1.3(10)(b)
may be met by rounding down the odd number to an even number and calculating 50% of the even
number. When more than one drinking fountain on a floor is required to comply with 4.15, those fountains
should be dispersed to allow wheelchair users convenient access. For example, in a large facility such as a
convention center that has water fountains at several locations on a floor, the accessible water fountains
should be located so that wheelchair users do not have to travel a greater distance than other people to
use a drinking fountain.
A4.1.3(12)(c) Different types of lockers may include full-size and half-size lockers, as well as those
specifically designed for storage of various sports equipment.

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A4.1.3(19)(a) Readily removable or folding seating units may be installed in nt
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Either a sign or a marker placed on seating with removable or folding arm rests is required by this section.
A4.1.3(17)(b) In addition to the requirements of section 4.1.3(17)(b), the installation of additional
volume controls is encouraged. Volume controls may be installed on any telephone.

Consideration should be given for ensuring identification of such seats in a darkened theater. For example,
a marker which contrasts (light on dark or dark on light) and which also reflects light could be placed on
the side of such seating so as to be visible in a lighted auditorium and also to reflect light from a flashlight.
A4.1.6 Accessible Buildings: Alterations.
A4.1.6(1)(h) When an entrance is being altered, it is preferable that those entrances being altered be
made accessible to the extent feasible.
A4.1.7 Accessible Buildings: Historic Preservation.
A4.1.7(1) The Department of Justice's regulations implementing titles II and III of the ADA require
alternative methods of access where compliance with the special access provisions in 4.1.7(3) would
threaten or destroy the historic significance of a qualified historic facility. The requirement for public
facilities subject to title II is provided at 28 C.F.R. 35.154(b) and the requirement for private facilities
subject to title III is provided at 28 C.F.R. 36.405(b).
A4.2 Space Allowances and Reach Ranges.
A4.2.1 Wheelchair Passage Width.
(1) Space Requirements for Wheelchairs. Many persons who use wheelchairs need a 30 in (760 mm) clear
opening width for doorways, gates, and the like, when the latter are entered head-on. If the person is
unfamiliar with a building, if competing traffic is heavy, if sudden or frequent movements are needed, or if
the wheelchair must be turned at an opening, then greater clear widths are needed. For most situations,
the addition of an inch of leeway on either side is sufficient. Thus, a minimum clear width of 32 in (815
mm) will provide adequate clearance. However, when an opening or a restriction in a passageway is more
than 24 in (610 mm) long, it is essentially a passageway and must be at least 36 in (915 mm) wide.

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(2) Space Requirements for Use of Walking Aids. Although people who use walking aids can maneuver

through clear width openings of 32 in (815 mm), they need 36 in (915 mm) wide passageways and walks
for comfortable gaits. Crutch tips, often extending down at a wide angle, are a hazard in narrow
passageways where they might not be seen by other pedestrians. Thus, the 36 in (915 mm) width
provides a safety allowance both for the person with a disability and for others.
(3) Space Requirements for Passing. Able-bodied persons in winter clothing, walking straight ahead with
arms swinging, need 32 in (815 mm) of width, which includes 2 in (50 mm) on either side for sway, and
another 1 in (25 mm) tolerance on either side for clearing nearby objects or other pedestrians. Almost all
wheelchair users and those who use walking aids can also manage within this 32 in (815 mm) width for
short distances. Thus, two streams of traffic can pass in 64 in (1625 mm) in a comfortable flow. Sixty
inches (1525 mm) provides a minimum width for a somewhat more restricted flow. If the clear width is
less than 60 in (1525 mm), two wheelchair users will not be able to pass but will have to seek a wider
place for passing. Forty-eight inches (1220 mm) is the minimum width needed for an ambulatory person
to pass a nonambulatory or semi-ambulatory person. Within this 48 in (1220 mm) width, the ambulatory
person will have to twist to pass a wheelchair user, a person with a service animal, or a semi-ambulatory
person. There will be little leeway for swaying or missteps (see Fig. A1).

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A4.2.3 Wheelchair Turning Space. These guidelines specify a minimum space of 60 in (1525 mm)
diameter or a 60 in by 60 in (1525 mm by 1525 mm) T-shaped space for a pivoting 180-degree turn of a
wheelchair. This space is usually satisfactory for turning around, but many people will not be able to turn

A4.2.4 Clear Floor or Ground Space for Wheelchairs. The wheelchair and user shown in Fig. A3
represent typical dimensions for a large adult male. The space requirements in this guideline are based
upon maneuvering clearances that will accommodate most wheelchairs. Fig. A3 provides a uniform
reference for design not covered by this guideline.

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A4.2.5 & A4.2.6 Reach. Reach ranges for persons seated in wheelchairs may be further clarified by Fig.
A3(a). These drawings approximate in the plan view the information shown in Fig. 4, 5, and 6.
The following table provides guidance on reach ranges for children according to age where building
elements such as coat hooks, lockers, or controls and operating mechanisms are designed for use
primarily by children. These dimensions apply to either forward or side reaches. Accessible elements,
controls, and operating mechanisms designed for adult use or children over age 12 can be located outside

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A4.3 Accessible Route.
A4.3.1 General.
(1) Travel Distances. Many people with mobility impairments can move at only very slow speeds; for
many, traveling 200 ft (61 m) could take about 2 minutes. This assumes a rate of about 1.5 ft/s (455
mm/s) on level ground. It also assumes that the traveler would move continuously. However, on trips over
100 ft (30 m), disabled people are apt to rest frequently, which substantially increases their trip times.
Resting periods of 2 minutes for every 100 ft (30 m) can be used to estimate travel times for people with
severely limited stamina. In inclement weather, slow progress and resting can greatly increase a disabled
person's exposure to the elements.
(2) Sites. Level, indirect routes or those with running slopes lower than 1:20 can sometimes provide more
convenience than direct routes with maximum allowable slopes or with ramps.
A4.3.10 Egress. Because people with disabilities may visit, be employed or be a resident in any building,
emergency management plans with specific provisions to ensure their safe evacuation also play an
essential role in fire safety and life safety.
A4.3.11.3 Stairway Width. A 48 in (1220 mm) wide exit stairway is needed to allow assisted evacuation
(e.g., carrying a person in a wheelchair) without encroaching on the exit path for ambulatory persons.
A4.3.11.4 Two-way Communication. It is essential that emergency communication not be dependent
on voice communications alone because the safety of people with hearing or speech impairments could be
jeopardized. The visible signal requirement could be satisfied with something as simple as a button in the
area of rescue assistance that lights, indicating that help is on the way, when the message is answered at
the point of entry.

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A4.4 Protruding Objects.

A4.4.1 General. Service animals are trained to recognize and avoid hazards. However, most people with
severe impairments of vision use the long cane as an aid to mobility. The two principal cane techniques
are the touch technique, where the cane arcs from side to side and touches points outside both shoulders;
and the diagonal technique, where the cane is held in a stationary position diagonally across the body with
the cane tip touching or just above the ground at a point outside one shoulder and the handle or grip
extending to a point outside the other shoulder. The touch technique is used primarily in uncontrolled
areas, while the diagonal technique is used primarily in certain limited, controlled, and familiar
environments. Cane users are often trained to use both techniques.
Potential hazardous objects are noticed only if they fall within the detection range of canes (see Fig. A4).
Visually impaired people walking toward an object can detect an overhang if its lowest surface is not
higher than 27 in (685 mm). When walking alongside protruding objects, they cannot detect overhangs.
Since proper cane and service animal techniques keep people away from the edge of a path or from walls,
a slight overhang of no more than 4 in (100 mm) is not hazardous.

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A4.5 Ground and Floor Surfaces.
A4.5.1 General. People who have difficulty walking or maintaining balance or who use crutches, canes, or
walkers, and those with restricted gaits are particularly sensitive to slipping and tripping hazards. For such
people, a stable and regular surface is necessary for safe walking, particularly on stairs. Wheelchairs can
be propelled most easily on surfaces that are hard, stable, and regular. Soft loose surfaces such as shag
carpet, loose sand or gravel, wet clay, and irregular surfaces such as cobblestones can significantly impede
wheelchair movement.
Slip resistance is based on the frictional force necessary to keep a shoe heel or crutch tip from slipping on
a walking surface under conditions likely to be found on the surface. While the dynamic coefficient of
friction during walking varies in a complex and non-uniform way, the static coefficient of friction, which
can be measured in several ways, provides a close approximation of the slip resistance of a surface.
Contrary to popular belief, some slippage is necessary to walking, especially for persons with restricted
gaits; a truly "non-slip" surface could not be negotiated.
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration recommends that walking surfaces have a static
coefficient of friction of 0.5. A research project sponsored by the Architectural and Transportation Barriers
Compliance Board (Access Board) conducted tests with persons with disabilities and concluded that a
higher coefficient of friction was needed by such persons. A static coefficient of friction of 0.6 is
recommended for accessible routes and 0.8 for ramps.

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It is recognized that the coefficient of friction varies considerably due to the presence of contaminants,

water, floor finishes, and other factors not under the control of the designer or builder and not subject to
design and construction guidelines and that compliance would be difficult to measure on the building site.
Nevertheless, many common building materials suitable for flooring are now labeled with information on
the static coefficient of friction. While it may not be possible to compare one product directly with another,
or to guarantee a constant measure, builders and designers are encouraged to specify materials with
appropriate values. As more products include information on slip resistance, improved uniformity in
measurement and specification is likely. The Access Board's advisory guidelines on Slip Resistant Surfaces
provides additional information on this subject.
Cross slopes on walks and ground or floor surfaces can cause considerable difficulty in propelling a
wheelchair in a straight line.
A4.5.3 Carpet. Much more needs to be done in developing both quantitative and qualitative criteria for
carpeting (i.e., problems associated with texture and weave need to be studied). However, certain
functional characteristics are well established. When both carpet and padding are used, it is desirable to
have minimum movement (preferably none) between the floor and the pad and the pad and the carpet
which would allow the carpet to hump or warp. In heavily trafficked areas, a thick, soft (plush) pad or
cushion, particularly in combination with long carpet pile, makes it difficult for individuals in wheelchairs
and those with other ambulatory disabilities to get about. Firm carpeting can be achieved through proper
selection and combination of pad and carpet, sometimes with the elimination of the pad or cushion, and
with proper installation. Carpeting designed with a weave that causes a zig-zag effect when wheeled
across is strongly discouraged.
A4.6 Parking and Passenger Loading Zones.
A4.6.3 Parking Spaces. The increasing use of vans with side- mounted lifts or ramps by persons with
disabilities has necessitated some revisions in specifications for parking spaces and adjacent access aisles.
The typical accessible parking space is 96 in (2440 mm) wide with an adjacent 60 in (1525 mm) access
aisle. However, this aisle does not permit lifts or ramps to be deployed and still leave room for a person
using a wheelchair or other mobility aid to exit the lift platform or ramp. In tests conducted with actual
lift/van/wheelchair combinations, (under a Board-sponsored Accessible Parking and Loading Zones Project)
researchers found that a space and aisle totaling almost 204 in (5180 mm) wide was needed to deploy a

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lift and exit conveniently. The "van accessible" parking space required by these guidelines e
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ity
(2440 mm) wide space with a 96 in (2440 mm) adjacent v. C aisle which d just wide enough to
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la access archivaisle is placed between two
maneuver and exit from a side mounted lift. If a 96 o (2440 mm) access
ir in 21
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spaces, two "van accessible" spaces ited
created. Alternatively, if the wide access aisle is provided at the
c aremay be possible75provide the wide access aisle without additional
14- to
end of a row (an area often unused), it
No.
space (see Fig. A5(a)).

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"Universal" Parking Space Design. An alternative to the provision of a percentage of spaces 19,
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City ivare 132 in (3350 mm) wide with
d
"universal" parking space design. Under this design, all accessible spaces e
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a 60 in (1525 mm) access aisle (see Fig. A5(b)). One advantage arc design is that no additional
Kirol 521 to this
in
signage is needed because all spaces ted
ci can accommodate7 van with a side-mounted lift or ramp. Also,
14-1 a
there is no competition between cars and No. for spaces since all spaces can accommodate either.
vans
A sign is needed to alert van users to the presence of the wider aisle, but the space is not intended to be
restricted only to vans.

Furthermore, the wider space permits vehicles to park to one side or the other within the 132 in (3350
mm) space to allow persons to exit and enter the vehicle on either the driver or passenger side, although,
in some cases, this would require exiting or entering without a marked access aisle.
An essential consideration for any design is having the access aisle level with the parking space. Since a

person with a disability, using a lift or ramp, must maneuver within the access aisle, the aisle cannot
include a ramp or sloped area. The access aisle must be connected to an accessible route to the
appropriate accessible entrance of a building or facility. The parking access aisle must either blend with the
accessible route or have a curb ramp complying with 4.7. Such a curb ramp opening must be located
within the access aisle boundaries, not within the parking space boundaries. Unfortunately, many facilities
are designed with a ramp that is blocked when any vehicle parks in the accessible space. Also, the
required dimensions of the access aisle cannot be restricted by planters, curbs or wheel stops.
A4.6.4 Signage. Signs designating parking places for disabled people can be seen from a driver's seat if
the signs are mounted high enough above the ground and located at the front of a parking space.
A4.6.5 Vertical Clearance. High-top vans, which disabled people or transportation services often use,
require higher clearances in parking garages than automobiles.
A4.8 Ramps.
A4.8.1 General. Ramps are essential for wheelchair users if elevators or lifts are not available to connect
different levels. However, some people who use walking aids have difficulty with ramps and prefer stairs.
A4.8.2 Slope and Rise. Ramp slopes between 1:16 and 1:20 are preferred. The ability to manage an
incline is related to both its slope and its length. Wheelchair users with disabilities affecting their arms or
with low stamina have serious difficulty using inclines. Most ambulatory people and most people who use
wheelchairs can manage a slope of 1:16. Many people cannot manage a slope of 1:12 for 30 ft (9 m).

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A4.8.4 Landings. Level landings are essential toward maintaining an aggregate slope that complies with
these guidelines. A ramp landing that is not level causes individuals using wheelchairs to tip backward or
bottom out when the ramp is approached.
A4.8.5 Handrails. The requirements for stair and ramp handrails in this guideline are for adults. When
children are principal users in a building or facility (e.g. elementary schools), a second set of handrails at
an appropriate height can assist them and aid in preventing accidents. A maximum height of 28 inches
measured to the top of the gripping surface from the ramp surface or stair nosing is recommended for
handrails designed for children. Sufficient vertical clearance between upper and lower handrails (9 inches
minimum) should be provided to help prevent entrapment.
A4.9 Stairs.
A4.9.1 Minimum Number. Only interior and exterior stairs connecting levels that are not connected by
an elevator, ramp, or other accessible means of vertical access have to comply with 4.9.
A4.9.4 Handrails. See A4.8.5.
A4.10 Elevators.
A4.10.6 Door Protective and Reopening Device. The required door reopening device would hold the
door open for 20 seconds if the doorway remains obstructed. After 20 seconds, the door may begin to
close. However, if designed in accordance with ASME A17.1-1990, the door closing movement could still
be stopped if a person or object exerts sufficient force at any point on the door edge.
A4.10.7 Door and Signal Timing for Hall Calls. This paragraph allows variation in the location of call
buttons, advance time for warning signals, and the door-holding period used to meet the time
requirement.
A4.10.12 Car Controls. Industry-wide standardization of elevator control panel design would make all
elevators significantly more convenient for use by people with severe visual impairments. In many cases,
it will be possible to locate the highest control on elevator panels within 48 in (1220 mm) from the floor.

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A4.10.13 Car Position Indicators. A special button may be provided that would activatea audible 17
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signal within the given elevator only for the desired trip, rather than maintainingtthe audible signal in
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A4.10.14 Emergency Communications. A deviceo
ir that requires no handset is easier to use by people
in Kon handset 1
2
who have difficulty reaching. Also, small d
cite handles14-175 compartment doors are not usable by people
who have difficulty grasping.
No.
Ideally, emergency two-way communication systems should provide both voice and visual display
intercommunication so that persons with hearing impairments and persons with vision impairments can
receive information regarding the status of a rescue. A voice intercommunication system cannot be the
only means of communication because it is not accessible to people with speech and hearing impairments.
While a voice intercommunication system is not required, at a minimum, the system should provide both
an audio and visual indication that a rescue is on the way.
A4.11 Platform Lifts (Wheelchair Lifts).
A4.11.2 Other Requirements. Inclined stairway chairlifts, and inclined and vertical platform lifts
(wheelchair lifts) are available for short-distance, vertical transportation of people with disabilities. Care
should be taken in selecting lifts as some lifts are not equally suitable for use by both wheelchair users and
semi-ambulatory individuals.
A4.12 Windows.
A4.12.1 General. Windows intended to be operated by occupants in accessible spaces should comply with
4.12.
A4.12.2 Window Hardware. Windows requiring pushing, pulling, or lifting to open (for example, doublehung, sliding, or casement and awning units without cranks) should require no more than 5 lbf (22.2 N) to
open or close. Locks, cranks, and other window hardware should comply with 4.27.
A4.13 Doors.
A4.13.8 Thresholds at Doorways. Thresholds and surface height changes in doorways are particularly
inconvenient for wheelchair users who also have low stamina or restrictions in arm movement because
complex maneuvering is required to get over the level change while operating the door.

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A4.13.9 Door Hardware. Some disabled persons must push against a door with their chair or walker to

open it. Applied kickplates on doors with closers can reduce required maintenance by withstanding abuse
from wheelchairs and canes. To be effective, they should cover the door width, less approximately 2 in (51
mm), up to a height of 16 in (405 mm) from its bottom edge and be centered across the width of the
door.
A4.13.10 Door Closers. Closers with delayed action features give a person more time to maneuver
through doorways. They are particularly useful on frequently used interior doors such as entrances to toilet
rooms.
A4.13.11 Door Opening Force. Although most people with disabilities can exert at least 5 lbf (22.2N),
both pushing and pulling from a stationary position, a few people with severe disabilities cannot exert 3 lbf
(13.13N). Although some people cannot manage the allowable forces in this guideline and many others
have difficulty, door closers must have certain minimum closing forces to close doors satisfactorily. Forces
for pushing or pulling doors open are measured with a push-pull scale under the following conditions:
(1) Hinged doors: Force applied perpendicular to the door at the door opener or 30 in (760 mm) from the
hinged side, whichever is farther from the hinge.
(2) Sliding or folding doors: Force applied parallel to the door at the door pull or latch.
(3) Application of force: Apply force gradually so that the applied force does not exceed the resistance of
the door. In high-rise buildings, air-pressure differentials may require a modification of this specification in
order to meet the functional intent.
A4.13.12 Automatic Doors and Power-Assisted Doors. Sliding automatic doors do not need guard
rails and are more convenient for wheelchair users and visually impaired people to use. If slowly opening
automatic doors can be reactivated before their closing cycle is completed, they will be more convenient in
busy doorways.

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A4.15.2 Spout Height. Two drinking fountains, mounted side by side or on a single post, are usable by
San 2017
people with disabilities and people who find it difficult to bend over.
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A4.16 Water Closets.
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A4.16.3 Height. Height preferences for toilet seatso
considerably
in Ki vary 521
heights may be an advantage to someed
ambulatory disabled people, but are often a disadvantage for
7
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14-1
wheelchair users and others. Toilet seats 18 o.(455 mm) high seem to be a reasonable compromise. Thick
N in
seats and filler rings are available to adapt standard fixtures to these requirements.
A4.15 Drinking Fountains and Water Coolers.

A4.16.4 Grab Bars.Fig. A6(a) and (b) show the diagonal and side approaches most commonly used to
transfer from a wheelchair to a water closet. Some wheelchair users can transfer from the front of the
toilet while others use a 90-degree approach. Most people who use the two additional approaches can also
use either the diagonal approach or the side approach.

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A4.16.5 Flush Controls. Flush valves and related plumbing can be located behind walls or to the side of
the toilet, or a toilet seat lid can be provided if plumbing fittings are directly behind the toilet seat. Such
designs reduce the chance of injury and imbalance caused by leaning back against the fittings. Flush

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controls for tank-type toilets have a standardized mounting location on the left side of f Stank (facing 17
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tank). Tanks can be obtained by special order with controls mounted on the right side. If
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that
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of the rear grab bar, then that bar may be split or shifted v.
toward the hived of the toilet area.
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A4.16.7 Water Closets for Children. The requirements in
cited . 14for children's water closets in 4.16.1 is utilized. Use of this exception is optional since these guidelines do
No
not require water closets or other building elements to be designed according to children's dimensions. The
following table provides additional guidance in applying the specifications for water closets for children
according to the age group served and reflects the differences in the size, stature, and reach ranges of
children 3 through 12. The specifications chosen should correspond to the age of the primary user group.
The specifications of one age group should be applied consistently in the installation of a water closet and
related elements.

Table A3
Specifications for Water Closets Serving Children Ages 3 through 12

(1) Water Closet Centerline
(2) Toilet Seat Height
(3) Grab Bar Height
(4) Dispenser Height

Ages 3 and 4
12 in
(305 mm)
11 to 12 in
(280 to 305 mm)
18 to 20 in
(455 to 510 mm)
14 in
(355 mm)

Ages 5 through 8
12 to 15 in
(305 to 380 mm)
12 to 15 in
(305 to 380 mm)
20 to 25 in
(510 to 635 mm)
14 to 17 in
(355 to 430 mm)

Ages 9 through 12
15 to 18 in
(380 to 455 mm)
15 to 17 in
(380 to 430 mm)
25 to 27 in
(635 to 685 mm)
17 to 19 in
(430 to 485 mm)

A4.17 Toilet Stalls.
A4.17.3 Size and Arrangement. This section requires use of the 60 in (1525 mm) standard stall (Figure
30(a)) and permits the 36 in (915 mm) or 48 in (1220 mm) wide alternate stall (Figure 30(b)) only in
alterations where provision of the standard stall is technically infeasible or where local plumbing codes
prohibit reduction in the number of fixtures. A standard stall provides a clear space on one side of the
water closet to enable persons who use wheelchairs to perform a side or diagonal transfer from the

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wheelchair to the water closet. However, some persons with disabilities who use mobility aids such as

walkers, canes or crutches are better able to use the two parallel grab bars in the 36 in (915 mm) wide
alternate stall to achieve a standing position.
In large toilet rooms, where six or more toilet stalls are provided, it is therefore required that a 36 in (915
mm) wide stall with parallel grab bars be provided in addition to the standard stall required in new
construction. The 36 in (915 mm) width is necessary to achieve proper use of the grab bars; wider stalls
would position the grab bars too far apart to be easily used and narrower stalls would position the grab
bars too close to the water closet. Since the stall is primarily intended for use by persons using canes,
crutches and walkers, rather than wheelchairs, the length of the stall could be conventional. The door,
however, must swing outward to ensure a usable space for people who use crutches or walkers.
A4.17.5 Doors. To make it easier for wheelchair users to close toilet stall doors, doors can be provided
with closers, spring hinges, or a pull bar mounted on the inside surface of the door near the hinge side.
A4.17.7 Toilet Stalls for Children. See A4.16.7.
A4.19 Lavatories and Mirrors.
A4.19.6 Mirrors. If mirrors are to be used by both ambulatory people and wheelchair users, then they
must be at least 74 in (1880 mm) high at their topmost edge. A single full length mirror can accommodate
all people, including children. Clear floor space for a forward approach 30 by 48 inches (760 mm by 1220
mm) should be provided in front of full length mirrors. Doors should not swing into this clear floor space.
Mirrors provided above lavatories designed for children should be mounted with the bottom edge of the
reflecting surface no higher than 34 inches (865 mm) above the finish floor or at the lowest mounting
height permitted by fixtures and related elements.
A4.21 Shower Stalls.
A4.21.1 General. Shower stalls that are 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm) wide provide additional

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Shower stalls that are 60 in (1525 mm) wide and have no curb may increase usability ofSan
a bathroom by 7
201
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A4.22 Toilet Rooms.
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A4.22.3 Clear Floor Space. In many smalln Ki
singlei facilities,17521 a restrooms may be the only facilities
provided for all building users. In addition, the guidelines allow the use of "unisex" or "family" accessible
cited . 14toilet rooms in alterations when technical No
infeasibility can be demonstrated. Experience has shown that the
safety to people who have difficulty maintaining balance because all grab bars and walls are within easy
reach. Seated people use the walls of 36 in by 36 in (915 mm by 915 mm) showers for back support.

provision of accessible "unisex" or single-user restrooms is a reasonable way to provide access for
wheelchair users and any attendants, especially when attendants are of the opposite sex. Since these
facilities have proven so useful, it is often considered advantageous to install a "unisex" toilet room in new
facilities in addition to making the multi-stall restrooms accessible, especially in shopping malls, large
auditoriums, and convention centers.
Figure 28 (section 4.16) provides minimum clear floor space dimensions for toilets in accessible "unisex"
toilet rooms. The dotted lines designate the minimum clear floor space, depending on the direction of
approach, required for wheelchair users to transfer onto the water closet. The dimensions of 48 in (1220
mm) and 60 in (1525 mm), respectively, correspond to the space required for the two common transfer
approaches utilized by wheelchair users (see Fig. A6). It is important to keep in mind that the placement
of the lavatory to the immediate side of the water closet will preclude the side approach transfer illustrated
in Figure A6(b). To accommodate the side transfer, the space adjacent to the water closet must remain
clear of obstruction for 42 in (1065 mm) from the centerline of the toilet (Figure 28) and the lavatory
must not be located within this clear space. A turning circle or T-turn, the clear floor space at the lavatory,
and maneuvering space at the door must be considered when determining the possible wall locations. A
privacy latch or other accessible means of ensuring privacy during use should be provided at the door.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
1. In new construction, accessible single-user restrooms may be desirable in some situations because they
can accommodate a wide variety of building users. However, they cannot be used in lieu of making the
multi-stall toilet rooms accessible as required.
2. Where strict compliance to the guidelines for accessible toilet facilities is technically infeasible in the
alteration of existing facilities, accessible "unisex" toilets are a reasonable alternative.
3. In designing accessible single-user restrooms, the provisions of adequate space to allow a side transfer

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will provide accommodation to the largest number of wheelchair users.
A4.23 Bathrooms, Bathing Facilities, and Shower Rooms.

A4.23.3 Clear Floor Space.Figure A7 shows two possible configurations of a toilet room with a roll-in
shower. The specific shower shown is designed to fit exactly within the dimensions of a standard bathtub.
Since the shower does not have a lip, the floor space can be used for required maneuvering space. This
would permit a toilet room to be smaller than would be permitted with a bathtub and still provide enough
floor space to be considered accessible. This design can provide accessibility in facilities where space is at
a premium (i.e., hotels and medical care facilities). The alternate roll-in shower (Fig. 57b) also provides
sufficient room for the "T-turn" and does not require plumbing to be on more than one wall.

A4.23.9 Medicine Cabinets. Other alternatives for storing medical and personal care items are very
useful to disabled people. Shelves, drawers, and floor-mounted cabinets can be provided within the reach
ranges of disabled people.

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A4.26 Handrails, Grab Bars, and Tub and Shower Seats.
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A4.26.1 General. Many disabled people rely heavily upon grab bars& C
and handrails to une
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ity supports and walls to give them more
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and prevent serious falls. Many people brace their forearms.between
a v ar bar ived
leverage and stability in maintaining balance orKirlifting. The grab ch clearance of 1-1/2 in (38 mm)
for ol
1
in
required in this guideline is a safety clearance to prevent 52
ited
cgripping room. -17injuries resulting from arms slipping through the
14
openings. It also provides adequate
No.

A4.25.3 Height. For guidance on children's reach ranges, see A4.2.5 & 4.2.6.

A4.26.2 Size and Spacing of Grab Bars and Handrails. This specification allows for alternate shapes of
handrails as long as they allow an opposing grip similar to that provided by a circular section of 1-1/4 in to
1-1/2 in (32 mm to 38 mm).
A4.27 Controls and Operating Mechanisms.
A4.27.3 Height. Fig. A8 further illustrates mandatory and advisory control mounting height provisions for
typical equipment.

Electrical receptacles installed to serve individual appliances and not intended for regular or frequent use
by building occupants are not required to be mounted within the specified reach ranges. Examples would
be receptacles installed specifically for wall-mounted clocks, refrigerators, and microwave ovens. For
guidance on children's reach ranges, see A4.2.5 & 4.2.6.

A4.28 Alarms.

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A4.28.2 Audible Alarms. Audible emergency signals must have an intensity and frequency that can
attract the attention of individuals who have partial hearing loss. People over 60 years of age generally
have difficulty perceiving frequencies higher than 10,000 Hz. An alarm signal which has a periodic element
to its signal, such as single stroke bells (clang-pause-clang- pause), hi-low (up-down-up-down) and fast
whoop (on-off-on-off) are best. Avoid continuous or reverberating tones. Select a signal which has a sound
characterized by three or four clear tones without a great deal of "noise" in between.
A4.28.3 Visual Alarms. The specifications in this section do not preclude the use of zoned or coded
alarm systems.
A4.28.4 Auxiliary Alarms. Locating visual emergency alarms in rooms where persons who are deaf may
work or reside alone can ensure that they will always be warned when an emergency alarm is activated.
To be effective, such devices must be located and oriented so that they will spread signals and reflections
throughout a space or raise the overall light level sharply. However, visual alarms alone are not
necessarily the best means to alert sleepers. A study conducted by Underwriters Laboratory (UL)
concluded that a flashing light more than seven times brighter was required (110 candela v. 15 candela, at
the same distance) to awaken sleepers as was needed to alert awake subjects in a normal daytime
illuminated room.
For hotel and other rooms where people are likely to be asleep, a signal-activated vibrator placed between
mattress and box spring or under a pillow was found by UL to be much more effective in alerting sleepers.
Many readily available devices are sound- activated so that they could respond to an alarm clock, clock
radio, wake-up telephone call or room smoke detector. Activation by a building alarm system can either be
accomplished by a separate circuit activating an auditory alarm which would, in turn, trigger the vibrator
or by a signal transmitted through the ordinary 110-volt outlet. Transmission of signals through the power
line is relatively simple and is the basis of common, inexpensive remote light control systems sold in many
department and electronic stores for home use. So-called "wireless" intercoms operate on the same
principal.

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A4.29 Detectable Warnings.
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A4.29.2 Detectable Warnings on Walking Surfaces. The material used to provide
Cou
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contrast by at least 70%. Contrast in percent is determined by: ity &
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Contrast =K 1 B2 21 x
in [(B 175 1
cited the lighter area and B = light reflectance value (LRV) of the
4where B1 = light reflectance value (LRV) of o. 1
2
N
darker area.

Note that in any application both white and black are never absolute; thus, B1 never equals 100 and B2 is
always greater than 0.
A4.30 Signage.
A4.30.1 General. In building complexes where finding locations independently on a routine basis may be
a necessity (for example, college campuses), tactile maps or prerecorded instructions can be very helpful
to visually impaired people. Several maps and auditory instructions have been developed and tested for
specific applications. The type of map or instructions used must be based on the information to be
communicated, which depends highly on the type of buildings or users.
Landmarks that can easily be distinguished by visually impaired individuals are useful as orientation cues.
Such cues include changes in illumination level, bright colors, unique patterns, wall murals, location of
special equipment or other architectural features.
Many people with disabilities have limitations in movement of their heads and reduced peripheral vision.
Thus, signage positioned perpendicular to the path of travel is easiest for them to notice. People can
generally distinguish signage within an angle of 30 degrees to either side of the centerlines of their faces
without moving their heads.
A4.30.2 Character Proportion. The legibility of printed characters is a function of the viewing distance,
character height, the ratio of the stroke width to the height of the character, the contrast of color between
character and background, and print font. The size of characters must be based upon the intended viewing
distance. A severely nearsighted person may have to be much closer to recognize a character of a given
size than a person with normal visual acuity.
A4.30.4 Raised and Brailled Characters and Pictorial Symbol Signs (Pictograms). The standard

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dimensions for literary Braille are as follows:
Dot diameter: .059 in.
Inter-dot spacing: .090 in.

Horizontal separation between cells: .241 in.
Vertical separation between cells: .395 in.
Raised borders around signs containing raised characters may make them confusing to read unless the
border is set far away from the characters. Accessible signage with descriptive materials about public
buildings, monuments, and objects of cultural interest may not provide sufficiently detailed and meaningful
information. Interpretive guides, audio tape devices, or other methods may be more effective in
presenting such information.
A4.30.5 Finish and Contrast. An eggshell finish (11 to 19 degree gloss on 60 degree glossimeter) is
recommended. Research indicates that signs are more legible for persons with low vision when characters
contrast with their background by at least 70 percent. Contrast in percent shall be determined by:
Contrast = [(B1 - B2)/B1] x 100
where B1 = light reflectance value (LRV) of the lighter area and B2 = light reflectance value (LRV) of the
darker area.
Note that in any application both white and black are never absolute; thus, B1 never equals 100 and B2 is
always greater than 0.
The greatest readability is usually achieved through the use of light-colored characters or symbols on a
dark background.
A4.30.7 Symbols of Accessibility for Different Types of Listening Systems. Paragraph 4 of this
section requires signage indicating the availability of an assistive listening system. An appropriate message
should be displayed with the international symbol of access for hearing loss since this symbol conveys
general accessibility for people with hearing loss. Some suggestions are:

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INFRARED ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEM AVAILABLE ----PLEASE ASK---- AUDIO of SIN USE TURN Ty LOOP 1AVAILABLE ,2
nt
SWITCH FOR BETTER HEARING ----OR ASK FOR HELP---- FM ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEM 9
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The symbol may be used to notify persons of the iro
availability of other auxiliary aids and services
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real time captioning, captioned note ited sign
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7 21
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A4.30.8 Illumination Levels. Illumination levels on the sign surface shall be in the 100 to 300 lux range
(10 to 30 footcandles) and shall be uniform over the sign surface. Signs shall be located such that the
illumination level on the surface of the sign is not significantly exceeded by the ambient light or visible
bright lighting source behind or in front of the sign.
A4.31 Telephones.
A4.31.3 Mounting Height. In localities where the dial-tone first system is in operation, calls can be
placed at a coin telephone through the operator without inserting coins. The operator button is located at a
height of 46 in (1170 mm) if the coin slot of the telephone is at 54 in (1370 mm). A generally available
public telephone with a coin slot mounted lower on the equipment would allow universal installation of
telephones at a height of 48 in (1220 mm) or less to all operable parts.
A4.31.9(1) A public text telephone (TTY) may be an integrated text telephone (TTY) pay telephone unit
or a conventional portable text telephone (TTY) that is permanently affixed within, or adjacent to, the
telephone enclosure. In order to be usable with a pay telephone, a text telephone (TTY) which is not a
single integrated text telephone (TTY) pay telephone unit will require a shelf large enough (10 in (255
mm) wide by 10 in (255 mm) deep with a 6 in (150 mm) vertical clearance minimum) to accommodate
the device, an electrical outlet, and a power cord.
A4.31.9(3) Movable or portable text telephones (TTYs) may be used to provide equivalent facilitation. A
text telephone (TTY) should be readily available so that a person using it may access the text telephone
(TTY) easily and conveniently. As currently designed, pocket-type text telephones (TTYs) for personal use
do not accommodate a wide range of users. Such devices would not be considered substantially equivalent
to conventional text telephones (TTYs). However, in the future as technology develops this could change.
A4.32 Fixed or Built-in Seating and Tables.
A4.32.4 Height of Tables or Counters. Different types of work require different table or counter heights

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for comfort and optimal performance. Light detailed work such as writing requires a table or counter close
to elbow height for a standing person. Heavy manual work such as rolling dough requires a counter or
table height about 10 in (255 mm) below elbow height for a standing person. This principle of high/low

table or counter heights also applies for seated persons; however, the limiting condition for seated manual
work is clearance under the table or counter.
Table A1 shows convenient counter heights for seated persons. The great variety of heights for comfort
and optimal performance indicates a need for alternatives or a compromise in height if people who stand
and people who sit will be using the same counter area.
Table A1 Convenient Heights of Tables and Counters for Seated People1
Conditions of Use

Short Women

Tall Men

Seated in a wheelchair:
Manual work:

in

mm

in

mm

Desk or removeable armrests

26
323

660
815

30
323

815

29
323

735

34

865

815

34

865

Fixed, full size armrests2
Light, detailed work:
Desk or removable armrests
Fixed, full size armrests 2

760

Seated in a 16-in. (405 mm) high chair:
Manual work

26

660

27

685

Light, detailed work

28

710

31

785

(1) All dimensions are based on a work-surface thickness of 1 1/2 in (38 mm) and a clearance of 1 1/2 in
(38 mm) between legs and the underside of a work surface.
(2) This type of wheelchair arm does not interfere with the positioning of a wheelchair under a work
surface.

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A4.33 Assembly Areas.
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A4.33.2 Size of Wheelchair Locations. Spacesilarge enough for two wheelchairs allow people who are
1
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to sit
No.
A4.33.3 Placement of Wheelchair Locations. The location of wheelchair areas can be planned so that a
(3) This dimension is limited by the height of the armrests: a lower height would be preferable. Some
people in this group prefer lower work surfaces, which require positioning the wheelchair back from the
edge of the counter.

variety of positions within the seating area are provided. This will allow choice in viewing and price
categories.
Building/life safety codes set minimum distances between rows of fixed seats with consideration of the
number of seats in a row, the exit aisle width and arrangement, and the location of exit doors.
"Continental" seating, with a greater number of seats per row and a commensurate increase in row
spacing and exit doors, facilitates emergency egress for all people and increases ease of access to mid-row
seats especially for people who walk with difficulty. Consideration of this positive attribute of "continental"
seating should be included along with all other factors in the design of fixed seating areas.
Removable armrests are recommended on fixed companion seats provided in assembly areas in
amusement facilities. This provides the option for an individual using a wheelchair or other mobility device
to transfer into a seat where motion and other effects may be provided as part of the amusement
experience.
A4.33.6 Placement of Listening Systems. A distance of 50 ft (15 m) allows a person to distinguish
performers' facial expressions.
A4.33.7 Types of Listening Systems. An assistive listening system appropriate for an assembly area for
a group of persons or where the specific individuals are not known in advance, such as a playhouse,
lecture hall or movie theater, may be different from the system appropriate for a particular individual
provided as an auxiliary aid or as part of a reasonable accommodation. The appropriate device for an
individual is the type that individual can use, whereas the appropriate system for an assembly area will
necessarily be geared toward the "average" or aggregate needs of various individuals. A listening system
that can be used from any seat in a seating area is the most flexible way to meet this specification.
Earphone jacks with variable volume controls can benefit only people who have slight hearing loss and do
not help people who use hearing aids. At the present time, magnetic induction loops are the most feasible

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type of listening system for people who use hearing aids equipped with "T- coils," but people without

hearing aids or those with hearing aids not equipped with inductive pick-ups cannot use them without
special receivers. Radio frequency systems can be extremely effective and inexpensive. People without
hearing aids can use them, but people with hearing aids need a special receiver to use them as they are
presently designed. If hearing aids had a jack to allow a by-pass of microphones, then radio frequency
systems would be suitable for people with and without hearing aids. The Department of Justice's
regulations implementing titles II and III of the ADA require public accommodations to provide appropriate
auxiliary aids and services to ensure effective communication. See 28 C.F.R. 35.160, 28 C.F.R. 35.164,
and 28 C.F.R. 36.303. Where assistive listening systems are used to provide effective communication,
the Department of Justice considers it essential that a portion of receivers be compatible with hearing aids.
Some listening systems may be subject to interference from other equipment and feedback from hearing
aids of people who are using the systems. Such interference can be controlled by careful engineering
design that anticipates feedback sources in the surrounding area.
Table A2, shows some of the advantages and disadvantages of different types of assistive listening
systems. In addition, the Access Board has published a pamphlet on Assistive Listening Systems which
lists demonstration centers across the country where technical assistance can be obtained in selecting and
installing appropriate systems. The state of New York has also adopted a detailed technical specification
which may be useful.
Table A2
Summary of Assistive Listening Devices and Systems
COMPARISON OF LARGE AREA ASSISTIVE LISTENING SYSTEMS
System Description
Advantages
Disadvantages
FM BROADCAST

Highly portable when used with Signal spill-over to adjacent
rooms/ listening areas (can
body-worn, personal
prevent interference by using
transmitter.
different transmission
frequencies for each
Easy to install.
room/listening area). Choose

Typical

Applications
Service counters

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May be used separately or ola v
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Meeting rooms
transmission systems.)integrated with existing PAin
21 a
75
ed
systems. cit
Transmitters: FM
14-1Receivers required for everyone.
No.
Conference rooms
Requires administration and
base station or
(40 frequencies
available on narrow
band transmission
systems. Ten
frequencies available

personal transmitter
broadcasts signal to
listening area.
Receiver: Pocket size
with:
a)earphone(s), or
b)headset, or
c)induction neck-loop
or silhouette coil

Multiple frequencies allow for

Outdoor guided

maintenance of receivers.

use by different groups within
Susceptible to electrical
same area (e.g., multiinterference when used with
language translation).
induction neck-loop/silhouette
(Provision of DAI audio shoes
and cords is impractical for
public applications).

Auditoriums
Classrooms
Courtrooms
Churches and
Temples

Some systems more susceptible
to radio wave interference and Theaters
signal drift than others.
Museums

coupling to personal
hearing aid equipped
with telecoil, or
d)direct audio input
(DAI) to personal

Theme parks

hearing aid.
Arenas
Sport stadiums
Retirement/nursing
homes

INFRARED LIGHT
Transmitter:

Unlike induction or FM
transmission, IR transmission

Hospitals
Receivers required for everyone. Indoor service
Requires administration and
counters

Amplifier drives

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does not travel through walls

maintenance of receivers.

emitter panel(s)
covering listening

or other solid surfaces.
Ineffective in direct sunlight.

Meetings requiring
confidentiality

area.
Receivers: Under-

Insures confidentiality.

chin or Pendant type

Infrared receivers compatible

Careful installation required to
insure entire listening area will

Meeting rooms

receiver with:
a) headset, or

with most infrared emitters.

receive IR signal.

Conference rooms

b) earphone(s), or

May be used separately or

Susceptible to electrical

Auditoriums

c) induction neck-loop integrated with existing PAor silhouette coil
systems.

interference when used with
induction neckloop/silhouette

Classrooms

coupling to personal
hearing aid equipped

Can be used for multi-

(Provision of DAI audio shoes
and cords is impractical for

Courtrooms

with telecoil, or
d) direct audio input

language translation (must use public applications).
special multi-frequency

(DAI) to personal

receivers).

hearing aid.

Churches and
Lifetime of emitters varies with Temples
company.
Theaters
Historical buildings may pose
installation problems.

Museums
Arenas (indoors
only)
Sport stadiums
(indoors only)

CONVENTIONAL
INDUCTION LOOP
Transmitter:
Amplifier drives an
induction loop that
surrounds listening
area.
Receivers:

Retirement/nursing
homes Hospitals
Service counters

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Induction receivers must be la v.
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Public
used where hearing in K use
aids in
7521
ed telecoils. Limited portability unless areas transportation
are not equipped with
-1
cit
14 are pre- looped or small,
vehicles
No.
Requires little, or no
administration of receivers, if
most people have telecoilequipped hearing aids.

Signal spill-over to adjacent
rooms.

a)Personal hearing aid Induction receivers are
compatible with all loop
with telecoil.
b)Pocket size induction systems.
receiver with earphone
Unobtrusive with telecoil
or headset.
c)Self-contained wand. hearing aid.

portable system is used (see

d)Telecoil inside
plastic chassis which May be used separately or
looks like a BTE, ITE, integrated with existing PAor canal hearing aid. systems.

buildings. Skilled installation
essential in historical buildings
(and may not be permitted at
all).

Portable systems are available
for use with small groups of
listeners. These portable
systems can be stored in a
carrying case and set up
temporarily, as needed.

advantages).

Tour busses

Requires installation of loop
wire. Installation may be
difficult in pre- existing

Meeting rooms
Conference rooms
Auditoriums
Classrooms

Courtrooms
If listener does not have
telecoil-equipped hearing aid
then requires administration and Churches and
Temples
maintenance of receivers.
Theaters
Museums
Theme parks
Arenas
Sport stadiums
Retirement/nursing

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homes

3-D LOOP SYSTEM
Transmitter:

Requires little, or no
administration of receivers,

Limited portability (areas may
be pre-3-D Loop matted to

Amplifier drives a 3-D provided most listeners have

facilitate portability).

mat that is placed
under the carpet of

telecoil-equipped hearing aids.
Induction receivers are

Ports of

Requires installation of 3-D Loop

the listening area.

Hospitals
Service counters

compatible with all loops
Receivers:
a) Personal hearing aidsystems.
with telecoil.
b) Pocket size

May be used separately or

induction receiver with integrated with existing PAearphone or head-set. systems.
c) Self-contained
wand.
d) Telecoil inside
plastic chassis which

Transportation
mats. Instal- lation may be
difficult in pre-existing build-

Meeting rooms

ings. Skilled installa- tion

Conference rooms

essential in historical buildings
(and may not be permitted at

Auditoriums

all).

If listener does not have
Three-dimensional reception of telecoil-equipped hearing aid
then requires administra- tion
loop signal regardless of
and maintenance of receivers.
telecoil position.

looks like a BTE, ITE,
or canal hearing aid. Reduced signal spillover allows Susceptible to electrical
interference.
adjacent rooms to be looped
without signal interference.
3-D loop mats must be
separated by 6 feet to avoid
signal spillover.

Classrooms
Courtrooms
Museums
Theme Parks
Retirement/nursing
homes
Meetings requiring
confidentiality

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A4.36.2 Saunas and Steam Rooms. A 60-inch turning diameter space or a T-shaped space is required
1
ed in 14-1752 are permitted to obstruct the 60-inch or Twithin the sauna or steam room. Removable benches or seats
cit
No.
shaped space.
Hospitals
Modified from a chart published by Centrum Sound, Cupertino, California
Cynthia L. Compton, Assistive Devices Center
Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology
Gallaudet University, Washington, DC

A4.37.3 Benches. Back support may be achieved through locating benches adjacent to walls or by other
designs that will meet the minimum dimensions specified.
A5.0 Restaurants and Cafeterias.
A5.1 General. Dining counters (where there is no service) are typically found in small carry-out
restaurants, bakeries, or coffee shops and may only be a narrow eating surface attached to a wall. This
section requires that where such a dining counter is provided, a portion of the counter shall be at the
required accessible height.
A7.0 Business, Mercantile and Civic.
A7.2(3)(iii) Counter or Teller Windows with Partitions. Methods of facilitating voice communication
may include grilles, slats, talk-through baffles, and other devices mounted directly into the partition which
users can speak directly into for effective communication. These methods are required to be designed or
placed so that they are accessible to a person who is standing or seated. However, if the counter is only
used by persons in a seated position, then a method of facilitating communication which is accessible to
standing persons would not be necessary.
A7.2(4) Assistive Listening Systems. At all sales and service counters, teller windows, box offices, and
information kiosks where a physical barrier separates service personnel and customers, it is recommended
that at least one permanently installed assistive listening device complying with 4.33 be provided at each
location or series. Where assistive listening devices are installed, signage should be provided identifying
those stations which are so equipped.
A7.3 Check-out Aisles. Section 7.2 refers to counters without aisles; section 7.3 concerns check-out
aisles. A counter without an aisle (7.2) can be approached from more than one direction such as in a
convenience store. In order to use a check-out aisle (7.3), customers must enter a defined area (an aisle)

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at a particular point, pay for goods, and exit at a particular point.
A10.0 Transportation Facilities.
A10.3 Fixed Facilities and Stations.

A10.3.1(7) Route Signs. One means of making control buttons on fare vending machines usable by
persons with vision impairments is to raise them above the surrounding surface. Those activated by a
mechanical motion are likely to be more detectable. If farecard vending, collection, and adjustment
devices are designed to accommodate farecards having one tactually distinctive corner, then a person who
has a vision impairment will insert the card with greater ease. Token collection devices that are designed
to accommodate tokens which are perforated can allow a person to distinguish more readily between
tokens and common coins. Thoughtful placement of accessible gates and fare vending machines in relation
to inaccessible devices will make their use and detection easier for all persons with disabilities.
A10.4 Airports.
A10.4.1(8) Security Systems. This provision requires that, at a minimum, an accessible route or path of
travel be provided but does not require security equipment or screening devices to be accessible.
However, where barriers consist of movable equipment, it is recommended that they comply with the
provisions of this section to provide persons with disabilities the ability to travel with the same ease and
convenience as other members of the general public.
A11.0 Judicial, Legislative and Regulatory Facilities.
A11.1.3 Two-Way Communication Systems. Two-way communication entry systems must provide
both voice and visual display so that persons with hearing or speech impairments can utilize the system.
This requirement may be met with a device that would allow security personnel to respond to a caller with
a light indicating that assistance is on the way. It is important that signage be provided to indicate the
meaning of visual signals.

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which require removal of hearing aids, and in
7 1
ed headsets-that 52 be worn over the ear, which can create
cit
disruptive interference in the transmission.
14 1
No.

A11.2.1(2) Assistive Listening Systems. People who wear hearing aids often need them while using
assistive listening systems. The Department of Justice's regulation implementing title II of the ADA
requires public entities to provide appropriate auxiliary aids and services where necessary to ensure
effective communication. See 28 C.F.R. 35.160 and 28 C.F.R. 35.164. Where assistive listening systems
are used to provide effective communication, the Department of Justice considers it essential that a
portion of receivers be compatible with hearing aids. Receivers that are not compatible include ear buds,

A11.2.3(2)(b) Toilet and Bathing Facilities. The requirements of 4.22 for toilet rooms and 4.23 for

bathrooms, bathing facilities, and shower rooms do not preclude the placement of toilet or bathing fixtures
within housing or holding cells or rooms as long as the requirements for toilet rooms and bathrooms,
including maneuvering space, are met. In such instances, the maneuvering space required within housing
or holding cells or rooms may also serve as the maneuvering space required in toilet rooms by 4.22 or in
bathrooms or shower rooms by 4.23.
A11.2.3(2)(c) Beds. The height of beds should be 17 in to 19 in (430 mm to 485 mm) measured from
the finish floor to the bed surface, including mattresses or bed rolls, to ensure appropriate transfer from
wheelchairs and other mobility aids. Where upper bunks are provided, sufficient clearance should be
provided between bunks so that the transfer from wheelchairs to lower bunks is not restricted. Figure A3
provides average human dimensions that should be considered in determining this clearance.
A11.2.3(3) Visiting Areas. Accessible cubicles or portions of counters may have fixed seats if the
required clear floor space is provided within the area defined by the cubicle. Consideration should be given
to the placement of grilles, talk-thru baffles, intercoms, telephone handsets or other communication
devices so they are usable from both the fixed seat and from the accessible seating area. If an assistive
listening system is provided, the needs of the intended user and characteristics of the setting should be
considered as described in A4.33.7 and Table A2.
A11.3 Legislative and Regulatory Facilities. Legislative facilities include town halls, city council
chambers, city or county commissioners' meeting rooms, and State capitols. Regulatory facilities are those
which house State and local entities whose functions include regulating, governing, or licensing activities.
Section 11.3 applies to rooms where public debate, or discussion of local issues, laws, ordinances, or
regulations take place. Examples include, but are not limited to, legislative chambers and hearing rooms,
facilities where town, county council or school Board meetings, and housing authority meetings are held,
and rooms accommodating licensing or other regulatory board hearings, adjudicatory administrative
hearings (e.g., drivers license suspension hearings) and zoning application and waiver proceedings.

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A11.3.2 See A11.2.1(2).
A12.0 Detention and Correctional Facilities.
A12.1 General. All common use areas serving accessible cells or rooms are required to be accessible. In
detention and correctional facilities, common use areas include those areas serving a group of inmates or
detainees, including, but not limited to, exercise yards and recreation areas, workshops and areas of
instruction or vocational training, counseling centers, cafeterias, commissaries, medical facilities, and any
other rooms, spaces, or elements that are made available for the use of a group of inmates or detainees.
Detention and correctional facilities also contain areas that may be regarded as common use areas which
specifically serve a limited number of housing cells or rooms. Where this occurs, only those common use
areas serving accessible cells or rooms would need to be accessible as required by 12.5. For example,
several housing cells may be located at and served by a dayroom or recreation room. In this instance, only
those dayrooms serving accessible housing cells or rooms would need to be accessible. However, common
use areas that do not serve accessible cells but that are used by the public or by employees as work areas
are still subject to the requirements for public use areas and employee work areas in section 4.
A12.2.1 Entrances. Persons other than inmates and facility staff, such as counselors and instructors,
may have access to secured areas. It is important that evacuation planning address egress for all possible
users since a person with a disability might not be able to independently operate doors permitted by this
exception.
A12.3 Visiting Areas. Accessible cubicles or portions of counters may have fixed seats if the required
clear floor space is provided within the area defined by the cubicle. Consideration should be given to the
placement of grilles, talk-thru baffles, intercoms, telephone handsets or other communication devices so
they are usable from both the fixed seat and from the accessible seating area. If an assistive listening
system is provided, the needs of the intended user and characteristics of the setting should be considered
as described in A4.33.7 and Table A2.

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rooms in shift areas may allow additional flexibility in meeting requirements for dispersion of accessible
ed in 14-1752
cit
cells or rooms.
No.
A12.4.1 Holding Cells and General Housing Cells or Rooms. Accessible cells or rooms should be

dispersed among different levels of security, housing categories and holding classifications (e.g.,
male/female and adult/juvenile) to facilitate access. Many detention and correctional facilities are designed
so that certain areas (e.g., "shift" areas) can be adapted to serve as different types of housing according
to need. For example, a shift area serving as a medium security housing unit might be redesignated for a
period of time as a high security housing unit to meet capacity needs. Placement of accessible cells or

A12.4.2 Special Holding and Housing Cells or Rooms. While one of each type of special purpose cell
is required to be accessible at a facility, constructing more than one of each type to be accessible will
facilitate access at large facilities where cells of each type serve different holding areas or housing units.

The requirement for medical isolation cells applies only to those specifically designed for medical isolation.
Cells or rooms primarily designed for other purposes, such as general housing or medical care, are subject
to the requirements in 12.4.1 or 12.4.4, respectively. Medical isolation cells required to be accessible by
12.4.2 shall not be counted as part of the minimum number of patient bedrooms or cells required to be
accessible in 12.4.4. Thus, if a medical care facility has both types of cells, at least one medical isolation
cell must be accessible under 12.4.2 in addition to the number of patient bedrooms or cells required to be
accessible by 12.4.4. While only one medical isolation cell per facility is required to be accessible, it is
recommended that consideration be given to ensuring the accessibility of all medical isolation cells.
A12.4.3 Accessible Cells or Rooms for Persons with Hearing Impairments. Many correctional
facilities do not provide permanently installed telephones or alarms within individual housing cells. Such
facilities are not subject to the requirements of 12.4.3. However, some categories of housing, such as
minimum security prisons, may be equipped with such devices. The minimum two percent is based on the
number of cells or rooms equipped with these devices and not on the total number of cells or rooms in the
facility. In addition, this requirement applies only where permanently installed telephones or alarms are
provided within individual cells. Permanently installed telephones and alarms located in common use
areas, such as dayrooms, are required to be accessible according to the requirements for common use
areas. See 12.1.
A12.5.2 Minimum Requirements. The requirements of this section apply to elements provided within
housing or holding cells or rooms. Elements located outside cells or rooms for common use, such as in a
day room, are subject to 12.1 and its application of requirements in section 4. For example, if a drinking
fountain is provided within an accessible housing or holding cell, at least one must be wheelchair
accessible under section 12.5.2(4). Drinking fountains located outside the cells in common use areas

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serving accessible cells or in public use areas, are subject to the requirements of 4.1.3(10).

A12.5.2(2) Toilet and Bathing Facilities. The requirements of 4.22 for toilet rooms and 4.23 for
bathrooms, bathing facilities, and shower rooms do not preclude the placement of toilet or bathing fixtures
within housing or holding cells or rooms as long as the requirements for toilet rooms and bathrooms,
including maneuvering space, are met. In such instances, the maneuvering space required within housing
or holding cells or rooms may also serve as the maneuvering space required in toilet rooms by 4.22 or in
bathrooms or shower rooms by 4.23.
A12.5.2(3) Beds. Since beds may not always be fixed, a minimum number of accessible beds has not
been specified. In barracks-style rooms with many beds, it is recommended that the scoping requirement
for housing or holding cells or rooms (2 percent) also be applied to the number of beds in accessible cells
or rooms.
The height of beds should be 17 to 19 in (430 mm to 485 mm) measured from the finish floor to the bed
surface, including mattresses or bed rolls, to ensure appropriate transfer from wheelchairs and other
mobility aids. Where upper bunks are provided, sufficient clearance must be provided between bunks so
that the transfer from wheelchairs to lower bunks is not restricted. Figure A3 provides standard human
dimensions that should be considered in determining this clearance.
A15.0 Recreation Facilities.
Unless otherwise modified in Section 4 or specifically addressed in section 15, all other ADAAG provisions
apply for the design and construction of recreation facilities and elements. The provisions in this section
apply wherever these elements are provided. For example, office buildings may contain a room with
exercise equipment and these sections therefore apply.
A15.1 Amusement Rides. These guidelines apply to newly designed or newly constructed amusement
rides. A custom designed and constructed ride is new upon its "first use," which is the first time
amusement park patrons take the ride. With respect to amusement rides purchased from other entities,
"new" refers to the first permanent installation of the ride, whether it is used "off the shelf" or it is
modified before it is installed. Where amusement rides are moved after several seasons to another area of
the park or to another park, the ride would not be considered newly designed or newly constructed.

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Amusement rides designed primarily for children, amusement rides thatC controlledunoperated by the
& are on J or e
City ive
rider, and amusement rides without seats, are not required.to provide wheelchair spaces, transfer seats,
la v arc15.1.6.d load and unload areas of
h The
ro
or transfer systems, and need not meet the signage requirements in
in Ki 17521 provide maneuvering space under 15.1.4
these rides must, however, be on anited
c accessible route and must
14and 15.1.5.
No.
The scoping and technical provisions of the guidelines were developed to address common amusement
rides. There will be other amusement attractions that have unique designs and features which are not
adequately addressed by the guidelines. In those situations, the guidelines are to be applied to the extent
possible.
An accessible route must be provided to these areas. Where an attraction or ride has unique features for
which there are no applicable scoping provisions, then a reasonable number, but at least one, of the
features must be located on an accessible route. Where there are appropriate technical provisions, they
must be applied to the elements that are covered by the scoping provisions. Where an attraction has
unique designs for which the technical provisions are not appropriate, the operators of those attractions
are still subject to all the other requirements of the ADA, including program accessibility, barrier removal
and the general obligation to provide individuals with disabilities an equal opportunity to enjoy the goods
and services provided by their facilities. An example of an amusement ride not specifically addressed by
the guidelines includes "virtual reality" rides where the device does not move through a fixed course within
a defined area.
A15.1 Exception 1. Mobile or temporary rides are those set up for short periods of time such as traveling
carnivals, State and county fairs, and festivals. The amusement rides that are covered by section 15.1 are
ones that are not regularly assembled and disassembled.
A15.1 Exception 2. The exception does not apply to those rides where patrons may cause the ride to
make incidental movements, but where the patron otherwise has no control over the ride.
A15.1 Exception 3. The exception is limited to those rides designed "primarily" for children, where
children are assisted on and off the ride by an adult. This exception is limited to those rides designed for
children and not for the occasional adult user. An accessible route to and maneuvering space in the load
and unload area will provide access for adults and family members assisting children on and off these
rides.

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A15.1.2 Alterations to Amusement Rides. Routine maintenance, painting, and changing of theme
boards are examples of activities that do not constitute an alteration subject to section 15.1.2. Where
existing amusement rides are moved and not altered, section 15.1 does not apply unless the load and
unload area of the amusement ride is newly designed and constructed. If a load or unload area is altered,
the alteration provisions of ADAAG 4.1.6 must be applied to the altered area.
A15.1.4 Accessible Route. Steeper slopes are permitted (not to exceed 1:8) where the accessible route
connects to the amusement ride in the load and unload position. This is permitted only where compliance
with 4.8.2 (maximum slope 1:12) is "structurally or operationally infeasible". In most cases, this will be
limited to areas where the accessible route leads directly to the amusement ride and where there are
space limitations on the ride, not the queue line. Where possible, the least possible slope should be used
on the accessible route that serves the amusement ride.
A15.1.7.1.2 Amusement Rides with Wheelchair Spaces. 36 C.F.R. 1192.83(c) ADA Accessibility
Guidelines for Transportation Vehicles - Light Rail Vehicles and Systems - Mobility Aid Accessibility is
available at www.access-board.gov/transit/html/vguide.htm#LRVM. It references provisions for bridge
plates and ramps used for gaps between wheelchair spaces and floors of load and unload areas.
A15.1.7.2 Exception 3. This exception for protruding objects applies to the ride devices, not to
circulation areas or accessible routes in the queue lines or the load and unload areas.
A15.1.7.2.2 Wheelchair Spaces - Side Entry. Under certain circumstances, a 32-inch clear opening will
not provide sufficient width to accommodate a turn into an amusement ride. The amount of clear space
needed within the ride, and the size and position of the opening are interrelated. Additional space for
maneuvering and a wider door will be needed where a side opening is centered on the ride. For example,
where a 42-inch opening is provided, a minimum clear space of 60 inches in length and 36 inches in depth
is needed (see Fig. A9). This is necessary to ensure adequate space for maneuvering. For additional
guidance refer to Figure 3 (Wheelchair Turning Space) and Figure 4 (Minimum Clear Floor Space for
Wheelchairs) on minimum space requirements.

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A15.1.8 Amusement Ride Seats Designed for Transfer. There are many different ways that
individuals transfer to and from their wheelchairs or mobility devices. The proximity of the clear floor or
ground space next to an element and the height of the element one is transferring to are both critical for a
safe and independent transfer. Providing additional clear floor or ground space both in front of and
diagonally to the element will provide flexibility and increased usability for a more diverse population of
individuals with disabilities. Ride seats designed for transfer should involve only one transfer. Where
possible, designers are encouraged to locate the ride seat no higher than 17 to 19 inches above the load
and unload surface. Where greater distances are required for transfers, consideration should be given to
providing gripping surfaces, seat padding, and avoiding sharp or protruding objects in the path of transfer
to better facilitate the transfer process.
A15.1.9 Transfer Devices for Use with Amusement Rides. Transfer devices for use with amusement
rides should permit individuals to make independent transfers to and from their wheelchairs or mobility
devices. There are a variety of transfer devices available that could be adapted to provide access onto an
amusement ride. Examples of devices that may provide for transfers include, but are not limited to,
transfer systems (see 15.8.8), lifts, mechanized seats, and other custom designed systems. Operators and
designers have flexibility in developing designs that will facilitate individuals to transfer onto amusement

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rides. These systems or devices should be designed to be reliable and sturdy. A transfer board, for
example, would not be sufficient because it will not provide enough support or stability and may cause
injury.
Designs which limit the number of transfers required from one’s wheelchair or mobility device to the ride
seat are encouraged. When using a transfer device to access an amusement ride, the least amount of
transfers for the least amount of distance is desired. Where possible, designers are encouraged to locate
the transfer device seat no higher than 17 to 19 inches above the load and unload surface. Where greater
distances are required for transfers, extra consideration should be given to providing gripping surfaces,
seat padding, and avoiding sharp or protruding objects in the path of transfer to better facilitate the
transfer process. Where a series of transfers are required to reach the amusement ride seat, each vertical
transfer should not exceed 8 inches.
As discussed with amusement rides seats designed for transfer, there are many different ways that
individuals transfer to and from their wheelchairs or mobility devices. The proximity of the clear floor or
ground space next to an element and the height of the element one is transferring to are both critical for a
safe and independent transfer. Providing additional clear floor or ground space both in front of and
diagonally to the element will provide flexibility and increased usability for a more diverse population of
individuals with disabilities.
A15.2 Boating Facilities.
A15.2.2 Accessible Route. The following two examples apply exceptions two and three.
Example 1. Boat slips which are required to be accessible are provided at a floating pier. The vertical
distance an accessible route must travel to the pier when the water is at its lowest level is six feet,
although the water level only fluctuates three feet. To comply with exceptions 2 and 3, at least one design
solution would provide a gangway at least 72.25 feet long which ensures the slope does not exceed 1:12.
Example 2. A gangway is provided to a floating pier which is required to be on an accessible route. The
vertical distance is 10 feet between the elevation where the gangway departs the landside connection and
the elevation of the pier surface at the lowest water level. Exceptions 2 and 3, which modify 4.8.2, permit
the gangway to be at least 80 feet long. Another design solution would be to have two 40-foot plus

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issues relating to the use of accessible facilities and elements. The Department of Justice currently advises
that hotels should hold accessible rooms for persons with disabilities until all other rooms are filled. At that
point, accessible rooms can be open for general use on a first come, first serve basis.
The following two examples apply to a boating facility with a single non-demarcated pier.
Example 1. A site contains a new boating facility which consists of a single 60-foot pier. Boats are only
moored parallel with the pier on both sides to allow occupants to embark or disembark. Since the number
of slips cannot be identified, section 15.2.3 requires each 40 feet of boat slip edge to be counted as one
slip for purposes of determining the number of slips available and determines the number required to be
accessible. The 120 feet of boat slip edge at the pier would equate with 3 boat slips. Table 15.2.3 would
require 1 slip to be accessible and comply with 15.2.5. Section 15.2.5 (excluding the exceptions within the
section) requires a clear pier space 60 inches wide minimum extending the length of the slip. In this
example, because the pier is at least 40 feet long, the accessible slip must contain a clear pier space at
least 40 feet long which has a minimum width of 60 inches.
Example 2. A new boating facility consisting of a single pier 25 feet long and 3 feet wide is being planned
for a site. The design intends to allow boats to moor and occupants to embark and disembark on both
sides, and at one end. As the number of boat slips cannot be identified, applying section 15.2.3 would
translate to 53 feet of boat slip edge at the pier. This equates with two slips. Table 15.2.3 would require 1
slip to be accessible. To comply with 15.2.5 (excluding the exceptions within the section), the width of the
pier must be increased to 60 inches. Neither 15.2.3 or 15.2.5 requires the pier length to be increased to
40 feet.
A15.2.3.1 Dispersion. Types of boat slips are based on the size of the boat slips; whether single berths
or double berths, shallow water or deep water, transient or longer-term lease, covered or uncovered; and
whether slips are equipped with features such as telephone, water, electricity and cable connections. The
term "boat slip" is intended to cover any pier area where recreational boats embark or disembark, unless

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classified as a launch ramp boarding pier. For example, a fuel pier may contain boat slips, and this type of
short term slip would be included in determining compliance with 15.2.3.1.
A15.2.4 Boarding Piers at Boat Launch Ramps. The following two examples apply to a boat launch
ramp boarding pier.
Example 1. A chain of floats is provided on a launch ramp to be used as a boarding pier which is required
to be accessible by 15.2.4. At high water, the entire chain is floating and a transition plate connects the
first float to the surface of the launch ramp. As the water level decreases, segments of the chain end up
resting on the launch ramp surface, matching the slope of the launch ramp. As water levels drop,
segments function also as gangways because one end of a segment is resting on the launch ramp surface
and the other end is connecting to another floating segment in the chain.
Under ADAAG 4.1.2(2), an accessible route must serve the last float because it would function as the
boarding pier at the lowest water level. Under exception 3 in 15.2.4, each float is not required to comply
with ADAAG 4.8, but must meet all other requirements in ADAAG 4.3, unless exempted by exception 1 in
15.2.4. In this example, because the entire chain also functions as a boarding pier, the entire chain must
comply with the requirements of 15.2.5, including the 60-inch minimum clear pier width provision.

Example 2. A non-floating boarding pier supported by piles divides a launching area into two launch ramps
and is required to be accessible. Under ADAAG 4.1.2(2), an accessible route must connect the boarding
pier with other accessible buildings, facilities, elements, and spaces on the site. Although the boarding pier
is located within a launch ramp, because the pier is not a floating pier or a skid pier, none of the
exceptions in 15.2.4 apply. To comply with ADAAG 4.3, either the accessible route must run down the
launch ramp or the fixed boarding pier could be relocated to the side of the two launch ramps. The second
option leaves the slope of the launch ramps unchanged, because the accessible route runs outside the
launch ramps.
A15.2.4.1 Boarding Pier Clearances. The guidelines do not establish a minimum length for accessible
boarding piers at boat launch ramps. The accessible boarding pier would have a length which is at least
equal to other boarding piers provided at the facility. If no other boarding pier is provided, the pier would
have a length equal to what would have been provided if no access requirements applied. The entire
length of accessible boarding piers would be required to comply with the same technical provisions that

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recommended that piers be wider than 60 inches to improve the safety for persons with disabilities,
particularly on floating piers.
A15.2.5.1 Clearances, Exception 3. Where the conditions in exception 3 are satisfied, existing facilities
are only required to have one accessible boat slip with a pier clearance which runs the length of the slip.
All other accessible slips are allowed to have the required pier clearance at the head of the slip. Under this
exception, at piers with perpendicular boat slips, the width of most "finger piers" will remain unchanged.
However, where mooring systems for floating piers are replaced as part of pier alteration projects, an
opportunity may exist for increasing accessibility. Piers may be reconfigured to allow an increase in the
number of wider finger piers, and serve as accessible boat slips.
A.15.3 Fishing Piers and Platforms.
A15.3.2 Accessible Route, Exception 2. For example, to provide access to an accessible floating fishing
pier, a gangway is used. The vertical distance is 60 inches between the elevation that the gangway
departs the landside connection and the elevation of the pier surface at the lowest water level. Exception 2
permits the use of a gangway at least 30 feet long, or a series of connecting gangways with a total length
of at least 30 feet. The length of transition plates would not be included in determining if the gangway(s)
meet the requirements of the exception.
A15.3.3.1 Edge Protection. Edge protection is required only where railings, guards, or handrails are
provided on a fishing pier or platform. Edge protection will prevent wheelchairs or other mobility devices
from slipping off the fishing pier or platform. Extending the deck of the fishing pier or platform 12 inches
where the 34-inch high railing is provided is an alternative design, permitting individuals using a
wheelchair or other mobility device to pull into a clear space and move beyond the face of the railing. In
such a design, edge protection is not required.
A15.3.3.3 Dispersion. Portions of the railings that are lowered to provide fishing opportunities for

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persons with disabilities must be located in a variety of locations on the fishing pier or platform to give

people a variety of locations to fish. Different fishing locations may provide varying water depths, shade
(at certain times of the day), vegetation, and proximity to the shoreline or bank.
A15.4 Golf.
A15.4.2 Accessible Routes. The accessible route or golf car passage must serve accessible elements and
spaces located within the boundary of a golf course. The 48-inch minimum width for the accessible route is
necessary to ensure passage of a golf car on either the accessible route or the golf car passage. This is
important where the accessible route is used to connect the golf car rental area, bag drop areas, practice
putting greens, accessible practice teeing grounds, course toilet rooms, and course weather shelters.
These are areas outside the boundary of the golf course, but are areas where an individual using an
adapted golf car may travel. A golf car passage may not be substituted for other accessible routes,
required by ADAAG 4.1.2, located outside the boundary of the course. For example, an accessible route
connecting an accessible parking space to the entrance of a golf course clubhouse is not covered by this
provision.
A15.4.3 Accessible Route - Driving Ranges. Both a stand alone driving range or a driving range next
to a golf course must provide an accessible route or golf car passage that connects accessible teeing
stations with accessible parking spaces. The accessible route must be a minimum width of 48 inches; 60
inches if handrails are provided. The additional width permits the use of a golf car on the accessible route.
Providing a golf car passage will permit a person that uses a golf car to practice driving a golf ball from the
same position and stance used when playing the game. Additionally, the space required for a person using
a golf car to enter and maneuver within the teeing stations required to be accessible should be considered.
A15.5 Miniature Golf. Where possible, providing access to all holes on a miniature golf course is
recommended. If a course is designed with the minimum 50 percent accessible holes, designers or
operators are encouraged to select holes which provide for an equivalent experience to the maximum
extent possible. Accessible holes are required to be consecutive with one break permitted, if the last hole
on the course is in the sequence.

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ricochet. Where the accessible route on the hole is provided, steeper slopes are permitted for a limited
distance. A landing or level area must separate each of these steeper sloping segments. This will provide a
resting area between the steeper segments.
A15.5.5 Golf Club Reach Range. Accessible holes on a miniature golf course may be provided with an
accessible route leading through the hole or with the accessible route next to the hole. Where the
accessible route is provided adjacent to the hole, the route must be located within the golf club reach
range. This allows individuals sufficient space and reach to play the game outside of the hole. Where
possible, the distance between the level areas and the accessible route should be as close as possible,
affording more opportunities for play.
A15.6 Play Areas.
A15.6.1 General. This section is to be applied during the design, construction, and alteration of play
areas for children ages 2 and over. Play areas are the portion of a site where play components are
provided. This section does not apply to other portions of a site where elements such as sports fields,
picnic areas, or other gathering areas are provided. Those areas are addressed by other sections of
ADAAG. Play areas may be located on exterior sites or within a building. Where separate play areas are
provided within a site for children in specified age groups (e.g., preschool (ages 2 to 5) and school age
(ages 5 to 12)), each play area must comply with this section. Where play areas are provided for the same
age group on a site but are geographically separated (e.g., one is located next to a picnic area and
another is located next to a softball field), they are considered separate play areas and each play area
must comply with this section.
A15.6.2 Ground Level Play Components. A ground level play component is a play component
approached and exited at the ground level. Examples of ground level play components include spring
rockers, swings, diggers, and stand alone slides. When distinguishing between the different types of
ground level play components, consider the general experience provided by the play component. Examples

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of different types of experiences include, but are not limited to, rocking, swinging, climbing, spinning, and

sliding. A spiral slide may provide a slightly different experience from a straight slide, but sliding is the
general experience and therefore a spiral slide is not considered a different type of play component than a
straight slide.
The number of ground level play components is not dependent on the number of children who can play on
the play component. A large seesaw designed to accommodate ten children at once is considered one
ground level play component.
Where a large play area includes two or more composite play structures designed for the same age group,
the total number of elevated play components on all the composite play structures must be added to
determine the additional number and types of ground level play components that must be provided on an
accessible route, and the type of accessible route (e.g., ramps or transfer systems) that must be provided
to the elevated play components.
Ground level play components accessed by children with disabilities must be integrated in the play area.
Designers should consider the optimal layout of ground level play components accessed by children with
disabilities to foster interaction and socialization among all children. Grouping all ground level play
components accessed by children with disabilities in one location is not considered integrated.
A15.6.3 Elevated Play Components. Elevated play components are approached above or below grade
and are part of a composite play structure. A double or triple slide that is part of a composite play
structure is one elevated play component. For purposes of this section, ramps, transfer systems, steps,
decks, and roofs are not considered elevated play components. These elements are generally used to link
other elements on a composite play structure. Although socialization and pretend play can occur on these
elements, they are not primarily intended for play. Some play components that are attached to a
composite play structure can be approached or exited at the ground level or above grade from a platform
or deck. For example, a climber attached to a composite play structure can be approached or exited at the
ground level or above grade from a platform or deck on a composite play structure. Play components that
are attached to a composite play structure and can be approached from a platform or deck (e.g., climbers
and overhead play components), are considered elevated play components. These play components are
not considered ground level play components also, and do not count toward the requirements in 15.6.2
regarding the number of ground level play components that must be located on an accessible route.

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circulation path used within the play area. Careful placement and consideration of the layout of accessible
routes will enhance the ability of children with disabilities to socialize and interact with other children.
Where possible, designers and operators are encouraged to provide wider ground level accessible routes
within the play area or consider designing the entire ground surface to be accessible. Providing more
accessible spaces will enhance the integration of all children within the play area and provide access to
more play components. A maximum slope of 1:16 is required for ground level ramps; however, a lesser
slope will enhance access for those children who have difficulty negotiating the 1:16 maximum slope.
Handrails are not required on ramps located within ground level use zones.
Where a stand alone slide is provided, an accessible route must connect the base of the stairs at the entry
point, and the exit point of the slide. A ramp or transfer system to the top of the slide is not required.
Where a sand box is provided, an accessible route must connect to the border of the sand box.
Accessibility to the sand box would be enhanced by providing a transfer system into the sand or by
providing a raised sand table with knee clearance complying with 15.6.6.3.
Elevated accessible routes must connect the entry and exit points of at least 50 percent of elevated play
components. Ramps are preferred over transfer systems since not all children who use wheelchairs or
other mobility devices may be able to use or may choose not to use transfer systems. Where ramps
connect elevated play components, the maximum rise of any ramp run is limited to12 inches. Where
possible, designers and operators are encouraged to provide ramps with a lesser slope than the 1:12
maximum. Berms or sculpted dirt may be used to provide elevation and may be part of an accessible route
to composite play structures.
Platform lifts complying with 4.11 and applicable State and local codes are permitted as a part of an
accessible route. Because lifts must be independently operable, operators should carefully consider the
appropriateness of their use in unsupervised settings.
A15.6.5 Transfer Systems. Transfer systems are a means of accessing composite play structures.

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Transfer systems generally include a transfer platform and a series of transfer steps. Children who use

wheelchairs or other mobility devices transfer from their wheelchair or mobility devices onto the transfer
platform and lift themselves up or down the transfer steps and scoot along the decks or platforms to
access elevated play components. Some children may be unable or may choose not to use transfer
systems. Where transfer systems are provided, consideration should be given to the distance between the
transfer system and the elevated play components. Moving between a transfer platform and a series of
transfer steps requires extensive exertion for some children. Designers should minimize the distance
between the points where a child transfers from a wheelchair or mobility device and where the elevated
play components are located. Where elevated play components are used to connect to another elevated
play component in lieu of an accessible route, careful consideration should be used in the selection of the
play components used for this purpose. Transfer supports are required on transfer platforms and transfer
steps to assist children when transferring. Some examples of supports include a rope loop, a loop type
handle, a slot in the edge of a flat horizontal or vertical member, poles or bars, or D rings on the corner
posts.
A15.6.6 Play Components. Clear floor or ground spaces, maneuvering spaces, and accessible routes
may overlap within play areas. A specific location has not been designated for the clear floor or ground
spaces or maneuvering spaces, except swings, because each play component may require that the spaces
be placed in a unique location. Where play components include a seat or entry point, designs that provide
for an unobstructed transfer from a wheelchair or other mobility device are recommended. This will
enhance the ability of children with disabilities to independently use the play component.
When designing play components with manipulative or interactive features, consider appropriate reach
ranges for children seated in wheelchairs. The following table provides guidance on reach ranges for
children seated in wheelchairs. These dimensions apply to either forward or side reaches. The reach
ranges are appropriate for use with those play components that children seated in wheelchairs may access
and reach. Where transfer systems provide access to elevated play components, the reach ranges are not
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A15.6.7 Ground Surfaces. Ground surfaces along clear floor or ground spaces, maneuvering spaces, and
accessible routes must comply with the ASTM F 1951 Standard Specification for Determination of
Accessibility of Surface Systems Under and Around Playground Equipment. The ASTM F 1951 standard is
available from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West
Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, telephone [phone]. The ASTM F 1951 standard may be ordered
online from ASTM (http://www.astm.org). The ASTM 1951 standard determines the accessibility of a
surface by measuring the work required to propel a wheelchair across the surface. The standard includes
tests of effort for both straight ahead and turning movement, using a force wheel on a rehabilitation
wheelchair as the measuring device. To meet the standard, the force required must be less than that
required to propel the wheelchair up a ramp with a 1:14 slope. When evaluating ground surfaces,
operators should request information about compliance with the ASTM F 1951 standard.
Ground surfaces must be inspected and maintained regularly and frequently to ensure continued
compliance with the ASTM F 1951 standard. The type of surface material selected and play area use levels
will determine the frequency of inspection and maintenance activities.
When using a combination of surface materials, careful design is necessary to provide appropriate
transitions between the surfaces. Where a rubber surface is installed on top of asphalt to provide impact
attenuation, the edges of the rubber surface may create a change in level between the adjoining ground
surfaces. Where the change in level is greater than ½ inch, a sloped surface with a maximum slope of
1:12 must be provided. Products are commercially available that provide a 1:12 slope at transitions.
Transitions are also necessary where the combination of surface materials include loose fill products.
Where edging is used to prevent the loose surface from moving onto the firmer surface, the edging may
create a tripping hazard. Where possible, the transition should be designed to allow for a smooth and
gradual transition between the two surfaces.
A15.7 Exercise Equipment and Machines, Bowling Lanes, and Shooting Facilities.

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A15.7.2 Exercise Equipment and Machines. Fitness facilities often provide a range of choices of
exercise equipment. At least one of each type of exercise equipment and machine must be served by an
accessible route. Most strength training equipment and machines are considered different types. For
example, a bench press machine is considered a different type than a biceps curl machine. The
requirement for providing access to each type is intended to cover the variety of strength training
machines. Where operators provide a biceps curl machine and free weights, both are required to meet the
provisions in this section, even though an individual may be able to work on their biceps through both
types of equipment. Where the exercise equipment and machines provided are only different in that
different manufacturers provide them, only one of each type of machine is required to meet these
guidelines. For example, where two bench press machines are provided and each is manufactured by a
different company, only one is required to comply.
Similarly, there are many types of cardiovascular exercise machines, such as stationary bicycles, rowing
machines, stair climbers, and treadmills. Each machine provides a cardiovascular exercise and is
considered a different type for purposes of these guidelines.
One clear floor or ground space is permitted to be shared between two pieces of exercise equipment.
Designers should carefully consider layout options to maximize space such as connecting ends of the row
and center aisle spaces.
The position of the clear floor space may vary greatly depending on the use of the equipment or machine.
For example, to make a shoulder press accessible, clear floor space next to the seat would be appropriate
to allow for transfer. Clear floor space for a bench press machine designed for use by an individual seated
in a wheelchair, however, will most likely be centered on the operating mechanisms.
Designers and operators are encouraged to select exercise equipment and machines that provide fitness
opportunities for persons with lower body extremity disabilities. Upper body exercise equipment and
machines that offer either cardiovascular or strength training will enhance fitness opportunities for persons
with disabilities from a wheelchair or mobility device. Examples include: equipment or machines that
provide arm ergometry, free weights, and weighted pulley systems that are usable from a wheelchair or
mobility device.

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A15.7.4 Shooting Facilities. Examples of different types of firing positions u
u e not limited
& Co include,Jbutnare lighting, and
to: positions having different admission prices, positions with Ciwithout weather n
. or ty hived o covering or
positions supporting different shooting events such ola v muzzle loading rifle, small bore rifle, high
as argon,
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power rifle, bull’s eye pistol, action pistol, silhouette, trap, skeet, and archery (bow and crossbow).
ed in 14-1752
cit
A15.8 Swimming Pools, Wading Pools, and Spas.
No.
A15.8.2 Swimming Pools. Where more than one means of access is provided into the water, it is
recommended that the means be different. Providing different means of access will better serve the
varying needs of people with disabilities in getting into and out of a swimming pool. It is also
recommended that where two or more means of access are provided, they not be provided in the same
location in the pool. Different locations will provide increased options for entry and exit, especially in larger
pools.
A15.8.2 Swimming Pools, Exception 1. Pool walls at diving areas and areas along pool walls where
there is no pool entry because of landscaping or adjacent structures should be counted when determining
the number of accessible means of entry required.
A15.8.5 Pool Lifts. There are a variety of seats available on pool lifts ranging from sling seats to those
that are preformed or molded. Pool lift seats with backs will enable a larger population of persons with
disabilities to use the lift. Pool lift seats that consist of materials that resist corrosion and provide a firm
base to transfer will be usable by a wider range of people with disabilities. Additional options such as
armrests, head rests, seat belts, and leg support will enhance accessibility and better accommodate people
with a wide range of disabilities.
A15.8.5.6 Footrests and Armrests. Footrests are encouraged on lifts used in larger spas, where the
foot well water depth is 34 inches or greater. Providing footrests, especially ones that support the entire
foot, will facilitate safe and independent transfers by a larger population of persons with disabilities.
A15.8.5.7 Operation. Pool lifts must be capable of unassisted operation from both the deck and water
levels. This will permit a person to call the pool lift when the pool lift is in the opposite position. It is
extremely important for a person who is swimming alone to be able to call the pool lift when it is in the up
position so he or she will not be stranded in the water for extended periods of time awaiting assistance.
The requirement for a pool lift to be independently operable does not preclude assistance from being

provided.

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A15.8.5.9 Lifting Capacity. Single person pool lifts must be capable of supporting a minimum weight of
300 pounds and sustaining a static load of at least one and a half times the rated load. Pool lifts should be
provided that meet the needs of the population it is serving. Providing a pool lift with a weight capacity
greater than 300 pounds may be advisable.
A15.8.6.1 Sloped Entries. Personal wheelchairs and mobility devices may not be appropriate for
submerging in water. Some may have batteries, motors, and electrical systems that when submerged in
water may cause damage to the personal mobility device or wheelchair or may contaminate the pool
water. Providing an aquatic wheelchair made of non-corrosive materials and designed for access into the
water will protect the water from contamination and avoid damage to personal wheelchairs or other
mobility aids.
A15.8.6.3 Handrails. Handrails on both sides of a sloped entry provides stability to both persons with
mobility impairments and persons using wheelchairs. For safety reasons, a single handrail is permitted on
sloped entries provided at wave action pools, leisure rivers, sand bottom pools, and other pools where
user access is limited to one area.
A15.8.8.4 Transfer Steps. Where possible, the height of the transfer step should be as minimal as
possible. This will decrease the distance an individual is required to lift up or move down to reach the next
step to gain access.
A15.8.8.7 Grab Bars. Pool operators have the choice of providing a grab bar on one side of each step
and transfer platform or a continuous grab bar on one side serving each transfer step and the transfer
platform. If provided on each step, the top of the gripping surface must be 4 to 6 inches above each step.
Where a continuous grab bar is provided, the top of the gripping surface must be 4 to 6 inches above the
step nosing. Each type has its advantages. A continuous handrail allows the person that is transferring to
maintain a constant grip on the handrail while moving up or down the transfer steps. Grab bars provided
on each step provide the gripping surface parallel to each step rather than on a diagonal.

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motors, and electrical systems that when submerged in water may cause damage to the
19
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Cit aquatic wheelchair made
corrosive materials and designed for access into the water will protect the ed from contamination and
la v. archiv water
Kiro
avoid damage to personal wheelchairs.
1
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No.
A15.8.10 Water Play Components. Personal wheelchairs and mobility devices may not be appropriate
for submerging in water when accessing play components located in water. Some may have batteries,

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Home > Guidelines and Standards > Buildings & Sites > About the ADA Standards > Background

Background
ADA STANDARDS
The current ADA standards are based on the updated ADA Accessibility Guidelines (2004), which the Board
issued jointly with the ABA Accessibility Guidelines for federally funded facilities. The updated ADA and
ABA guidelines, which were proposed for public comment in 1999, are based on recommendations from
the Board's ADAAG Review Advisory Committee. This committee reviewed ADAAG in its entirety and
recommended updates to the Board. It consisted of 22 members representing the design and construction
industry, the building code community, state and local government entities, and people with disabilities.
The original ADAAG was published in 1991 and was later supplemented to address state and local
government facilities (1998), children's environments (1998), play areas (2000), and recreation facilities
(2002). These later supplements are incorporated into both the updated ADA-ABA guidelines and the
current standards.
Updated ADA-ABA Accessibility Guidelines and Related Information
ADA and ABA Accessibility Guidelines (July 23, 2004), the basis for the current ADA (and ABA)
standards

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Construction and Safety Code (by the NFPA)
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ADAAG Review Advisory Committee Report
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Original ADA Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG)
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ADAAG (1991 edition and later supplements)
No.

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ADAAG Supplements

State and Local Government Facilities (1998)
Courthouse Access Advisory Committee Final Report (2006)
Building Elements Designed for Children's Use (1998)
Play Areas (2000)
Recreation Facilities (2002)
Timeline
July 26, 1991 - Board publishes the original ADAAG (DOJ adopts them as its ADA Standards on the
same day)
September 6, 1991 - Board publishes the original ADAAG for Transportation Facilities (DOT adopts them
as its ADA Standards on the same day)
September 14, 1994 - Board creates the ADAAG Review Advisory Committee
July 10, 1996 - ADAAG Review Advisory Committee submits its report to the Board
January 13, 1998 - Board publishes ADAAG supplements covering state and local government facilities
and building elements designed for children's use
November 16, 1999 - Board proposes updated ADA and ABA Accessibility Guidelines for public comment
May 15, 2000 - Deadline for public comments on the proposed rule; over 2,500 comments received
October 18, 2000 - Board publishes ADAAG supplement on play areas
September 3, 2002 - Board publishes ADAAG supplement on recreation facilities
July 23, 2004 - Board publishes the updated ADA and ABA Accessibility Guidelines as final rule
October 30, 2006 - DOT adopts new ADA standards for transportation facilities based on the updated
ADA guidelines (effective November 29, 2006)
September 15, 2010 - DOJ adopts new ADA standards (effective March 15, 2012)
May 7, 2014 - Board publishes final guidelines for emergency transportable housing as a supplement to
the ADA and ABA Accessibility Guidelines (effective June 6, 2014)

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United States Access Board
1331 F Street NW, Suite 1000

Contact Us

Accessibility Statement

Washington, DC 20004-1111

Sitemap

Budget and Performance

En Español

No Fear Act Data

Privacy Policy

Freedom of Information

Voice: [phone] or [phone]
TTY: [phone] or [phone]
Fax: [phone]

Office of Special Counsel

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Partner Sites
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USA.GOV
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Americans with Disabilities Act
Title II Technical Assistance Manual 1994 Supplement
The following pages contain material to be aded to the Americans with Disabilites Act Title II Technical Assistance
Manual (Nov. 1993 edition.) These supplements are to be inserted, as appropriate, at the end of each chapter of the
Manual.
II-1.0000 COVERAGE.
II-1.3000 Relationship to title III.
[Insert the following text at the end of ILLUSTRATION 2, p. 2.]
Similarly, if an existing building is owned by a private entity covered by title III and rented to a public entity covered by
title II, the private landlord does not become subject to the public entity's title II program access requirement by virtue
of the leasing relationship. The private landlord only has title III obligations. These extend to the commercial facility as
a whole and to any places of public accommodation contained in the facility. The governmental entity is responsible for
ensuring that the programs offered in its rented space meet the requirements of title II.
II-3.0000 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

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[Insert the following text after ILLUSTRATION 5, p. 11.]
y of
9,
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& Co on Juwith disabilities, or a particular class of
Finally, the ADA permits a public entity to offer . City to individuals
benefits
ed
la v to individuals without disabilities. This allows State and local
individuals with disabilities, that it doesKirooffer
not
rchiv
in
21 a
governments to provide specialitbenefits, beyond those required by the ADA, that are limited to individuals with
c ed . 14-175
disabilities or a particular class of individuals with disabilities, without thereby incurring additional obligations to
No
II-3.3000 Equality in participation/benefits.

persons without disabilities or to other classes of individuals with disabilities.

ILLUSTRATION 6: The ADA does not require a State government to continue providing medical support payments to
dependent children with schizophrenia, if other dependent children without disabilities are also ineligible for continued
coverage. This is true even if the State chooses to provide continued coverage to a particular class of children with
disabilities (e.g., those with physical impairments, or those who have mental retardation).
II-3.5300 Unnecessary inquiries.
[Insert the following text at the end of this section, p. 14.]
ILLUSTRATION 2: An essential eligibility requirement for obtaining a license to practice medicine is the ability to
practice medicine safely and competently. State Agency X requires applicants for licenses to practice medicine to
disclose whether they have ever had any physical and mental disabilities. A much more rigorous investigation is
undertaken of applicants answering in the affirmative than of others. This process violates title II because of the
additional burdens placed on individuals with disabilities, and because the disclosure requirement is not limited to
conditions that currently impair one's ability to practice medicine.
II-3.6000 Reasonable modifications.
II-3.6100 General.
[Insert the following text after ILLUSTRATION 3, p. 15.]

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ILLUSTRATION 4: C, a person with a disability, stops at a rest area on the highway. C requires assistance in order to
use the toilet facilities and his only companion is a person of the opposite sex. Permitting a person of the opposite sex to
assist C in a toilet room designated for one sex may be a required reasonable modification of policy.
ILLUSTRATION 5: S, an individual with an environmental illness, requests a public entity to adopt a policy prohibiting
the use of perfume or other scented products by its employees who come into contact with the public. Such a
requirement is not a "reasonable" modification of the public entity's personnel policy.
II-5.0000 PROGRAM ACCESSIBILITY
II-5.1000 General.
[Insert the following text before the question, "Can back doors . . . ?" p. 22.]
Does the program accessibility requirement prevent a public entity from renting existing inaccessible space to a private
entity? Not necessarily. For example, if a State leases space to a public accommodation in a downtown office building in
a purely commercial transaction, i.e., the private entity does not provide any services as part of a State program, the
State may rent out inaccessible space without violating its program access requirement. The private entity, though,
would be responsible for compliance with title III. On the other hand, if a State highway authority leases a facility in one
of its highway rest areas to a privately owned restaurant, the public entity would be responsible for making the space
accessible, because the restaurant is part of the State's program of providing services to the motoring public. The private
entity operating the restaurant would have an independent obligation to meet the requirements of title III.
II-5.2000 Methods for providing program accessibility.

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,
ILLUSTRATION 4: A municipal performing arts center provides seating e 19 prices -- inexpensive balcony seats and
ount
& Cis located un at two
J on the higher priced orchestra level. In lieu of
more expensive orchestra seats. All of the accessible iseating ed on
C ty
la v. thearchiv make a reasonable number of accessible orchestra-level
ro
providing accessible seating on the balcony level, 1 city must
in Ki seats.
ed balcony-1752
seats available at the lower price of
cit
14
No.
[Insert the following text after ILLUSTRATION 3, P. 23.]

II-6.0000 NEW CONSTRUCTION AND ALTERATIONS
II-6.2000 Choice of design standard: UFAS or ADAAG.
II-6.2100 General.
[Insert the following text at the end of this section, p. 26]
What if neither ADAAG nor UFAS contain specific standards for a particular type of facility? In such cases the
technical requirements of the chosen standard should be applied to the extent possible. If no standard exists for
particular features, those features need not comply with a particular design standard. However, the facility must still be
designed and operated to meet other title II requirements, including program accessibility (see II-5.0000).
ILLUSTRATION 1: A public entity is designing and constructing a playground. Because there are no UFAS or
ADAAG standards for playground equipment, the equipment need not comply with any specific design standard. The
title II requirements for equal opportunity and program accessibility, however, may obligate the public entity to provide
an accessible route to the playground, some accessible equipment, and an accessible surface for the playground.
ILLUSTRATION 2: A public entity is designing and constructing a new baseball stadium that will feature a
photographers' moat running around the perimeter of the playing field. While there are no specific standards in either
ADAAG or UFAS for either dugouts or photographer's moats, the chosen standard should be applied to the extent that it
contains appropriate technical standards. For example, an accessible route must be provided and any ramps or changes
in level must meet the chosen standard. The public entity may have additional obligations under other title II

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requirements.
II-6.6000 Curb ramps.
[Insert the following text at the end of this section.]
Resurfacing beyond normal maintenance is an alteration. Merely filling potholes is considered to be normal
maintenance.
II-7.0000 COMMUNICATIONS
II-7.1000 Equally effective communication.
A. [Insert the following text after ILLUSTRATION 2, p. 38.]
ILLUSTRATION: S, who is blind, wants to use the laundry facilities in his State university dormitory. Displayed on the
laundry machine controls are written instructions for operating the machines. The university could make the machines
accessible to S by Brailling the instructions onto adhesive labels and placing the labels (or a Brailled template) on the
machines. An alternative method of ensuring effective communication with S would be to arrange for a laundry room
attendant to read the instructions printed on the machines to S. Any one particular method is not required, so long as
effective communication is provided.
B. [Insert the following text after ILLUSTRATION 2, p. 39.]
ILLUSTRATION 3: A municipal police department encounters many situations where effective communication with
o
members of the public who are deaf or hard of hearing is critical. Such situations anciscinterviewing suspects prior to
r include
F
arrest (when an officer is attempting to establish probable cause); interrogating arrestees; and interviewing victims or
San 2017
y ofmust 19,provided when necessary to ensure
critical witnesses. In these situations, appropriate qualified interpreters e be
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& Co on Jun
effective communication.
City

ed
v.
irola 21 archiv
The obligation of public entities edprovide necessary auxiliary aids and services is not limited to individuals with a
to in K
175
cit or outcome. Courtroom spectators with disabilities are also participants in the court
direct interest in the proceedings No. 14program and are entitled to such aids or services as will afford them an equal opportunity to follow the court
proceedings.

ILLUSTRATION: B, an individual who is hard of hearing, wishes to observe proceedings in the county courthouse.
Even though the county believes that B has no personal or direct involvement in the courtroom proceedings at issue, the
county must provide effective communication, which in this case may involve the provision of an assistive listening
device, unless it can demonstrate that undue financial and administrative burdens would result.
C. [Insert the following text at the end of the question, "Must tax bills . . . ?" p. 39.]
Brailled documents are not required if effective communication is provided by other means.
II-7.1100 Primary consideration.
[Insert the following text after the first paragraph of this section, p. 39.]
ILLUSTRATION: A county's Supervisor of Elections provides magnifying lenses and readers for individuals with
vision impairments seeking to vote. The election procedures specify that an individual who requests assistance will be
aided by two poll workers, or by one person selected by the voter. C, a voter who is blind, protests that this method does
not allow a blind voter to cast a secret ballot, and requests that the County provide him with a Brailled ballot. A Brailled
ballot, however, would have to be counted separately and would be readily identifiable, and thus would not resolve the
problem of ballot secrecy. Because County X can demonstrate that its current system of providing assistance is an
effective means of affording an individual with a disability an equal opportunity to vote, the County need not provide

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ballots in Braille.
II-7.3000 Emergency telephone services.
II-7.3300 Seven-digit lines.
[Insert the following text at the end of this section, p. 42.]
ILLUSTRATION: Some States may operate a statewide 911 system for both voice and nonvoice calls and, in addition,
permit voice callers only to dial seven-digit numbers to obtain assistance from particular emergency service providers.
Such an arrangement does not violate title II so long as nonvoice callers whose calls are directed through 911 receive
emergency attention as quickly as voice callers who dial local emergency seven-digit numbers for assistance.
II-9.0000 INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS AND ENFORCEMENT
II-9.2000 Complaints.
[Insert the following text at the end of this section, p. 51.]
Is a private plaintiff entitled to compensatory damages? A private plaintiff under title II is entitled to all of the remedies
available under section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, including compensatory damages.
ILLUSTRATION: A county court system is found by a Federal court to have violated title II of the ADA by excluding a
blind individual from a jury because of his blindness. The individual is entitled to compensatory damages for any
injuries suffered, including compensation, when appropriate, for any emotional distress caused by the discrimination.
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NOTICE
Portions of this introduction may not fully reflect the current ADA regulations. The regulation implementing title II of
the ADA was revised as recently as 2016. Revised ADA Standards for Accessible Design (2010 Standards) were issued
on September 15, 2010 and went into effect on March 15, 2012.

ADA Best Practices Tool Kit for State and Local Governments
Appendices 1 and 2

ADA Accessibility Survey
Forms and Instructions
A.

About Appendices 1 and 2

Reviewing programs and facilities for accessibility is one of the most effective ways for state and local governments to
ensure that they are complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The survey forms in Appendix 1 of this
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Tool Kit and the survey instructions in Appendix 2 are resources that will assist you cis
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to collect during the survey and No. a place
questions, the survey forms are designed to make identifying architectural barriers easy because the questions are
formulated so that responding “no” (circling “N” on the form) indicates a barrier.

The survey forms contain some questions and terms that people unfamiliar with accessibility requirements or surveying
might not fully understand. When that occurs, surveyors need to refer to the survey instructions in Appendix 2. The
survey instructions, which include illustrations and explanations, are intended to be used in tandem with the survey
forms. Each question on the survey forms has a number in the left-hand column, and that number corresponds to an
explanation in the survey instructions. Surveyors should refer to the instructions the first time they use a form and as
often as needed to make sure they are taking the required measurements and answering the questions correctly. These
forms and instructions are intended to help you identify many of the most common architectural barriers to access for
people with disabilities. They will not teach you to identify all architectural barriers to access. To identify all
architectural barriers, you must refer to one of the applicable design standards – either the ADA Standards for
Accessible Design (excluding the elevator exception contained in § 4.1.3(5) of the Standards) or the Uniform Federal
Accessibility Standards – and survey for compliance with each of the applicable requirements. The survey materials
included in this Tool Kit are based on the requirements in the ADA Standards.
B.

What does an accessibility survey entail?

The purpose of an accessibility survey is to determine whether or not a facility, or the component parts of a facility, have
barriers to access by people with a variety of disabilities. During an accessibility survey, surveyors assess the current
conditions of the facility to identify barriers. The forms and instructions contained in Appendices 1 and 2 will guide
surveyors through this process, which generally entails:

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identifying the features at the facility that need to be measured;
determining which form needs to be completed in order to survey a feature;
measuring all of the features that impact accessibility using proper measurement devices and techniques;
accurately answering the questions on the survey forms based on the measurements taken and recording those
measurements; and
taking photographs of the surveyed features, including, when possible, the measurements obtained on measuring
tapes and digital levels.
C.

Who should conduct the survey?

While it is possible for a single individual to survey facilities for accessibility, most people find it easier to conduct
surveys while working in teams of two or three. A team approach can be more efficient because it allows team members
to assume different roles. For example, one surveyor can take notes and complete forms while another surveyor is
obtaining measurements and taking photos. If the survey is conducted by a three-person team, the third team member
can take the photographs or read aloud the survey instructions in Appendix 2.
Like the director of a movie, the person filling out the survey forms generally leads the accessibility survey, which
should proceed in the same order as the questions appear on the form. To make sure all questions are answered, the
surveyor taking notes should read the question out loud so that the surveyor taking measurements will know what data is
needed. Then the surveyor taking measurements can check the survey instructions to see how the measurement should
be taken, obtain the measurement, and announce it to the note-taker, who can then record o data on the form.
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these different skills to the relative No
strengths of the team members.
Being familiar with the contents of the survey forms and instructions is the best way to ensure that the survey proceeds
smoothly. Surveyors will naturally gain familiarity with the materials by going out and surveying with them, but it is a
good idea to review the forms and instructions before conducting the survey. Knowledge of the materials will enable the
surveyors to quickly establish a good pace and rhythm for the survey.
D.

What tools are needed to conduct a survey and how do you use them?

Now that you know how team members should work together, you need to gather your “tools of the trade.” The
following are the standard tools that the Civil Rights Division uses in conducting its surveys under Project Civic Access:
a metal measuring tape that is at least 25-feet long;
a two-foot long electronic (digital) level;
a digital camera (one with at least three megapixels of resolution with a zoom feature can be used to photograph
measurements on tape measures and digital levels); and
a pressure gauge.
1. Measuring Tape
A metal measuring tape is an essential tool for a successful survey

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because many of the accessibility requirements concern the width,
height, or depth of various features.
A measuring tape will make a good surveying instrument if it has the
following characteristics: it is metal, which is important for durability; it
is 25- to 50-feet long, which is necessary because surveyors will often
have to measure long distances; and it is easy to read, which will help
ensure that the surveyors report accurate data. You will generally not
need to measure dimensions in increments of less than ¼ inch.
2. Electronic (Digital) Level
The slope of a curb ramp or a walkway can make or break its accessibility. People who use wheelchairs, walkers, and
other mobility devices cannot safely use a curb ramp, walkway, or ramp that is too steep. The most effective and
efficient way to measure the slope of a walkway is to use a two-foot long electronic (digital) level.
Digital levels are relatively inexpensive, easy to
use, and extremely accurate if you read and
follow the instructions provided by the
manufacturer. For the digital level to perform
accurately, you must calibrate it at the beginning
of each day before using it to measure any slopes
and recalibrate it before using it again if you drop
it. Calibrating a digital level is usually simple,
taking less than a minute once you read the manufacturer’s instructions.

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Don’t assume you can tell if a running slope or cross slope is too steep without measuring.
Even experts can misjudge how steep a running slope or cross slope is if they do not use a
level.

Make sure there are no pebbles or other debris under your level when you measure slopes
and cross slopes. A small pebble or debris under a level can cause your slope measurement
to be inaccurate.

Electronic levels typically show measurements in three different ways: percentages (%),
degrees (°), and ratios (1:8). It is important to keep your level on the same setting – we
recommend percentages. If you do not keep your level on the same setting, you will have
difficulty determining what your survey data means.

The ADA Standards set requirements for maximum running and cross slopes, so surveyors can generally check
compliance with the Standards by measuring where the running slopes appear steepest and where the cross slopes appear

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steepest. If the running slopes and cross slopes at the steepest points comply with the requirements for maximum
running and cross slopes, the running and cross slopes at other locations will also comply. The illustrated survey
instructions for the features where slope and cross slope are likely to be an issue will show you how and where to take
the measurements.
Note: Some architects use a "rise over run" formula to calculate the slope of a surface. This formula is useful when
designing walkways and other surfaces, but it is not useful when assessing the accessibility of a feature that has already
been constructed. This formula does not reliably provide the actual slope because it does not take into account factors
such as the existing topography of a site and because it assumes that the slope over the length of the run is consistent,
which is often an inaccurate assumption.
3. Camera
Taking photographs is an important part of an accessibility survey. Surveying takes a lot of concentrated effort, it can be
physically taxing, and even the best surveyors can make mistakes when they become tired. Photos fill in the gaps. If a
question on a survey form is overlooked accidentally, a well-taken photograph will sometimes provide the answer to the
question. Photos also help identify accessibility problems that surveyors have inadvertently overlooked. In addition,
photos may be useful for reporting and explaining survey techniques and results to decision makers and for crafting
solutions to accessibility problems.
For best results, use a digital camera with at least three megapixels of resolution and a zoom lens. Consider using a strap
on your camera, since a camera can be easily dropped during a long day of shifting back and forth between taking
photos and taking measurements or notes. If possible, use a camera with a time/date stamp setting showing when
photographs were taken, since that feature will help you organize.

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the County Courthouse. Remember, establishing shots not only help you separate photographs of one building
from another, they also help you separate photos of one room from another, otherwise, it may be difficult to
separate photos of one courtroom from another. If the establishing shot does not include a sign with a room
number or description, consider making a handwritten sign that you photograph.
Use the camera to take photos of everything measured for accessibility so you can easily determine the exact
location of features that may need to be modified.

Consider taking additional photos of the digital level showing slope and cross slope measurements of walkways
and ramps as well as photos showing exactly where the digital level was placed. This survey technique will help to
resolve questions that may arise about how and where measurements were taken and whether information
recorded on survey forms is accurate.
Keep a log of each photograph taken. After all, the drinking fountains on one floor of a facility will often look
very similar to the drinking fountains on every other floor.
At the end of your survey day, either print out your photos and label them carefully or create a detailed photo log
while reviewing the photos on a computer. Remember to stop surveying early enough so you have time to
organize and label your photos.
Whenever possible, include your measuring tape in your photographs. A good photograph showing the tape measure
being used to measure the accessibility of a feature such as a door is an excellent way of documenting ADA compliance
as well as accessibility problems that need to be addressed. Photographs of this kind can also assist project managers and

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facilities and maintenance personnel in understanding exactly how a feature needs to be modified to provide
accessibility.
4. Pressure Gauge
Many people with disabilities have limitations on the amount of force they can exert to open a door or operate a device
that requires pushing or pulling. In general, if the operation of a door, a faucet, or other device requires more than 5
pounds of force, it is not accessible to many people with disabilities.
To ensure that doors and mechanical devices are not barriers to accessibility, you need to measure the force required to
operate them. The device used to make this measurement is called a pressure gauge. A pressure gauge can be manual or
electronic. Either one will work as long as it is periodically checked for proper calibration in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions. The survey instructions provided in Appendix 1 will explain how to use the pressure gauge
to measure the force needed to operate specific elements.

Examples of What to Measure with a Pressure Gauge:
Use a pressure gauge to measure the force needed to:
Open interior doors
Operate “push-style” faucets

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Operate locking mechanisms

5. Other Helpful Tools
Many surveyors find other tools helpful, such as a clipboard to hold survey forms, a binder to hold survey instructions, a
tabbed accordion folder to hold copies of survey forms, a rolling bag to hold survey equipment and forms, and a
highlighter pen to identify barriers on completed survey forms.
ADA Tool Kit for State and Local Governments

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October 26, 2009

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