Love et al v. Retzer Resources Inc et al

Filing 181

ORDER: The Court appreciates the parties' suggestions about jury instructions and voir dire areas. The Court is attaching its current working drafts of the key parts of the voir dire, the preliminary instructions, the final instructions, and the verdicts. Please file any objections to the preliminary instructions by the close of business Friday, February 5. There's no need to comment or object yet on the final instructions or the verdicts. We'll work on those drafts throughout the trial. The Court will instruct about depositions when it comes up during trial. Signed by Judge D. P. Marshall Jr. on 2/4/2016. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C, # 4 Exhibit D)(jak)

COURT'S JURY INSTRUCTION NO. 1.01
GENERAL: NATURE OF CASE; BURDEN OF PROOF;
DUTY OF JURY; CAUTIONARY
Ladies and gentlemen of the jury: Here are some initial
instructions about this case and your duties as jurors. During the
trial, I will give you more instructions. And at the end of the trial, I
will give you final instructions. Follow all my instructions.
I am the judge of the law and you are the judges of the facts. As
judges of the facts, it’s your duty to determine the truth from the
evidence and the reasonable inferences arising from the evidence. In
making your factual decisions, you must not engage in guess work
or speculation.
Jonathan Love, Sheri McWilliams, Tracy Keen, and Robin Love
used to work at the McDonalds in Sheridan. Retzer LLC owned and
operated this McDonalds. Michael L. Retzer Sr. is one of the owners
of that company. McWilliams, Keen, and the Loves claim that Retzer
didn’t pay them for all the hours they worked. These former
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employees also say that Retzer didn’t pay them for some overtime
they earned. Retzer says that it paid the Loves, McWilliams, and
Keen all the wages that each of them earned, including any
overtime. This case is in federal court because of the Fair Labor
Standards Act, a federal law about wages. The jury must answer two
main questions: First, did any of these four people earn wages that
they weren’t paid? Second, if they did, how much does Retzer owe
in back wages?
This case should be considered and decided by you as a
dispute between persons of equal worth. All persons—including a
company such as Retzer LLC, which is a person in the law’s
eyes—stand equal before the law and are to be treated as equals.
From the evidence you will decide what the facts are. You are
entitled to consider that evidence in the light of your own
observations and experiences in the affairs of life. You will then
apply those facts to the law that I give you in these and in my other
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instructions, and in that way reach your verdict. While you are the
sole judges of the facts, you must follow the law, as stated in my
instructions, whether you agree with it or not. In deciding what the
facts are, you will have to decide what testimony you believe and
what testimony you don’t believe. You may believe all of what a
witness says, or only part of it, or none of it.
In deciding what testimony to believe, consider several things:
the witnesses’ intelligence; their opportunity to have seen or heard
the things they testify about; their memories; any motives they may
have for testifying a certain way; their manner while testifying;
whether they said something different at an earlier time; the general
reasonableness of their testimony; and the extent to which their
testimony is consistent with other evidence that you believe.
Do not allow sympathy or prejudice to influence you. The law
demands of you a just verdict, unaffected by anything except the
evidence, your common sense, and the law as I give it to you.
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Don’t take anything I may say or do during the trial as
indicating what I think of the evidence or what I think your verdict
should be.

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COURT'S JURY INSTRUCTION NO. 1.03
EVIDENCE: LIMITATIONS
I have mentioned the word “evidence.” “Evidence” includes
the testimony of witnesses, the documents and other things received
as exhibits, and any facts that have been stipulated—that is, agreed
to—by the parties.
Certain things are not evidence. I will list those things for you
now:
1. Statements, arguments, questions, and comments by lawyers
are not evidence.
2. Objections are not evidence. Lawyers have a right and
sometimes a duty to object or to move that certain evidence that has
already been received be stricken. If such an objection or such a
motion to strike is made, it will be my duty, as judge, to rule on the
matter and determine whether you jurors may take into
consideration the challenged evidence. You are not to concern

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yourself with the reasons for the attorneys’ objections or motions to
strike or with the reasons for the Court’s rulings. You also should
not be influenced by the objection or the motion to strike.
If I sustain an objection to a question or an exhibit, you must
ignore the question or the exhibit. And you must not try to guess
what the information might have been. Similarly, testimony and
exhibits that I strike from the record, or tell you to disregard, are not
evidence and must not be considered.
3. Anything you see or hear about this case outside the
courtroom is not evidence. Furthermore, a particular item of
evidence is sometimes received for a limited purpose only. That is,
it can be used by you only for one particular purpose, and not for
any other purpose. I will tell you when that occurs and instruct you
on the purposes for which the item can and cannot be used.
4. Finally, some of you may have heard the terms “direct
evidence” and “circumstantial evidence.” A fact is established by
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direct evidence when, for example, it is proved by a witness who
testifies to what he or she saw, heard, or experienced. A fact is
established by circumstantial evidence when its existence can
reasonably be inferred from other facts proved in the case. The law
makes no distinction between the weight to be given to direct and
circumstantial evidence.

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COURT'S JURY INSTRUCTION NO. 1.04
BURDEN OF PROOF
The burden of proving a fact is placed upon the party whose
claim or defense depends upon that fact. The party who has the
burden of proving a fact must prove it by a preponderance of the
evidence. To prove something by the “preponderance of the
evidence” is to prove that it is more likely true than not true. It is
determined by considering all of the evidence and deciding which
evidence is more believable.
If, on any issue of fact in the case, the evidence is equally
balanced, you cannot find that fact has been proved. But the
preponderance of the evidence is not necessarily established by the
greater number of witnesses or exhibits a party has presented.
You’ve heard the term “proof beyond a reasonable doubt.”
This is a stricter standard, which applies only in criminal cases. It
does not apply in civil cases like this one. You should, therefore, put

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it out of your minds.

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COURT'S JURY INSTRUCTION NO. 1.05
BENCH CONFERENCES
During the trial it will be necessary for me to speak with the
lawyers out of your hearing, either by having a bench conference
here while you are present in the courtroom, or by calling a recess.
Please understand that while you are waiting, we are working. The
purpose of these conferences is to decide how certain evidence is to
be treated under the Rules of Evidence, which govern the trial, and
to avoid confusion and error. The lawyers and I will, of course, do
what we can to keep the number and length of these conferences to
a minimum.

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COURT’S JURY INSTRUCTION NO. 1.06
NO TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE/NOTE-TAKING
At the end of the trial you must make your decision based on
what you recall of the evidence. You will not have a written
transcript to consult. You must pay close attention to the testimony
as it is given.
If you wish, however, you may take notes to help you
remember what witnesses said. If you do take notes, please keep
them to yourself until you and your fellow jurors go to the jury
room to decide the case. And do not let note-taking distract you so
that you do not hear other answers by the witness. The Clerk has
provided each of you with a pad of paper and a pencil. At each
recess, leave your notes face down in your chair.
When you leave at night, your notes will be secured and not
read by anyone.

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COURT'S JURY INSTRUCTION NO. 1.07
CONDUCT OF THE JURY
Finally, to insure fairness, you as jurors must obey the
following rules:
First, don’t talk among yourselves about this case, or about
anyone involved with the case, until the end of the trial when you go
to the jury room to deliberate and decide on your verdict. Don’t
share your notes.
Second, don’t talk with anyone else about this case, or about
anyone involved with it, until the trial has ended and you have been
discharged as jurors.
Third, when you are outside the courtroom, do not let anyone
tell you anything about the case, or about anyone involved with it.
If someone does try to talk to you about the case during the trial,
please report it to me immediately.
Fourth, during the trial, don’t talk with or speak to any of the

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parties, lawyers, or witnesses involved in this case—you should not
even pass the time of day with any of them. It is important not only
that you do justice in this case, but that you also give the appearance
of doing justice. If a person from one side of the lawsuit sees you
talking to a person from the other side —even if it is simply to pass
the time of day—an unwarranted and unnecessary suspicion about
your fairness might arise. If any lawyer, party, or witness doesn’t
speak to you when you pass in the hall, ride the elevator, or the like,
remember it is because they are not supposed to talk or visit with
you.
Fifth, don’t read any news stories, articles, or blogs about the
case or about anyone involved with it, or listen to any radio or
television reports about the case or about anyone involved with it.
Sixth, don’t do any research or make any investigation about
the case on your own about any matter involved in this case. By way
of example, that means that you must not consult the Internet (e.g.,
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Google or Wikipedia), a dictionary, textbook, encyclopedia, or talk
with a person you consider knowledgeable. Don’t go check out the
McDonalds in Sheridan. In fairness, you must only learn about this
case from the evidence you receive here at the trial and apply those
facts to the law as I give it to you.
Seventh, remember, cell phones are not permitted in the
courthouse or in the jury room.
Eighth, keep an open mind during the trial about what the
verdict should be. Keep an open mind until after you have heard all
of the evidence. Once the trial has been completed and you’ve
retired to the jury room to decide the case, you and your fellow
jurors are free to discuss the evidence among yourselves.
Ninth, remember that you are not to be influenced in any
degree by any personal feelings or sympathy or prejudice for or
against any of the parties or the attorneys in the case. Each party is
entitled to the same fair and impartial consideration at your hands.
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Tenth, no statement, remark, or ruling that I make, or question
that I might ask of a witness, during the trial is intended to indicate
what I think about the facts of the case. You, as the jurors, are the
sole judges of the facts of the case. You and you alone will have to
decide on the believability and credibility of the witnesses and the
weight and value of the evidence.

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COURT'S JURY INSTRUCTION NO. 1.08
EXPANDED INSTRUCTION RE: JURY PROHIBITION ON
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS/RESEARCH
During the trial, while you are in the courthouse and after you
leave for the day, do not provide any information to anyone by any
means about this case. For example, do not talk face-to-face or use
any electronic device or media, such as the telephone, a cell phone,
a smart phone, Blackberry, iPad, computer, the Internet, any Internet
service, any text or instant messaging service, any Internet chat
room, blog, or website such as Facebook, Instagram, YouTube, or
Twitter, to communicate to anyone any information about this case
until I accept your verdict. Do not use the Internet to look up or
research anything about the case.
Ask each juror: Juror No. —, on your oath, do you promise
not to post anything about your jury service on any social media
website such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, or the like during
the trial? On your oath, do you promise not to use the Internet to

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look up anything about the case, the matters discussed, the
lawyers, the four former employees who’ve brought this case, Mr.
Retzer Sr., Retzer LLC, me, or the law?
Remember, you have taken an oath to follow the rules, and you
must do so. If you do not, the case might have to be retried, and you
could be held in contempt of court and possibly punished.

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COURT'S INSTRUCTION NO. 1.09
OUTLINE OF TRIAL
The trial will proceed in the following manner:
First, the former employees’ lawyer will make an opening
statement. Next, the lawyer for Retzer LLC and Mr. Retzer will
make an opening statement. An opening statement is not evidence
or argument. It is simply a summary of what the lawyer expects the
evidence to be.
The former employees’ lawyer will then present evidence by
calling witnesses, and the Retzers’ lawyer will cross-examine those
witnesses. After the former employees’ case, the Retzers’ lawyer will
present evidence by calling witnesses, and the former employees’
lawyer will cross-examine those witnesses.
Finally, the former employees may offer rebuttal evidence.
After presentation of all the evidence is completed, I’ll give you
some more jury instructions. Then the lawyers will have a second

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opportunity to address you directly, and at that time, they’re
permitted to argue the evidence in an attempt to persuade you to
their differing views of the true facts in the case. But as with opening
statements, closing arguments are not evidence.
After the closing arguments, the Court will give you some final
instructions on the law. Then you’ll go to the jury room to deliberate
on your verdicts.

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