IconFind, Inc. v. Google, Inc.

Filing 94

BRIEF - MARKMAN - by IconFind, Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B, # 3 Exhibit C - part 1, # 4 Exhibit C - part 2, # 5 Exhibit C - part 3, # 6 Exhibit C - part 4, # 7 Exhibit C - part 5, # 8 Exhibit C - part 6, # 9 Exhibit D, # 10 Exhibit E, # 11 Exhibit F)(Folgers, Anna)

EXHIBIT F

The

AMERICAN
HERITAGE®

of

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

®

fourth

edition

Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage.
Words that are known to have current trademark registrations are
shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. No
investigation has been made of common-law trademark rights in any
word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any
word in this Dictionary is not, however, an expression of the
Publisher's opinion as to whether or not it is subject to proprietary
rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as
affecting the validity of any trademark.
American Heritage® and the eagle logo are registered trademarks of
Forbes Inc. Their use is pursuant to a license agreement with
Forbes Inc.
Copyright © 2000 Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
No patt of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or
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inquiries to Reference Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company,
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
The American Heritage dictionary of the English language.-4th ed.
p.
em.
ISBN 0-395-82517-2 (hardcover)- ISBN 0-618-08230-1
(hardcover with CD ROM)
1. English language-Dictionaries
PE1628 .A623 2000
423-dc21
00-025369
Manufactured in the United States of America

assault and battery I assign
concluding stage of an attack in which close combat occurs with the
enemy. 3. Law a. An unlawful threat or attempt to do bodily injury to
another. b. The act or an instance of unlawfully threatening or attempting to injure another. 4a. Law Sexual assault. b. The crime of rape. •:• v.
-sault•ed, -sault•ing, -saults -tr. 1. To make an assault upon; attack. See synonyms at attack. 2. To rape. -intr. To make an assault.
[Middle English assaut, from Old French, from Vulgar Latin *assaltus,
variant of Latin assultus, from past participle of assilire, to jump on. See
ASSAIL] -as•sault'er n.
assault and battery n. An assault upon a victim that is carried
out by striking the victim, knocking the victim down, or otherwise doing
violence to the victim.
assault gun n. 1. An assault weapon. 2. A turretless armored vehicle
having the chassis of a tank but mounting a larger gun, used in antitank
combat and infantry support.
as•saul•tive (~-si\Jitiv) adj. Inclined to or suggestive of violent attack: "The reduction of cinema to assaultive images ... has produced a dis-

incarnated, lightweight cinema that doesn't demand anyone's full attention"
(Susan Sontag). -as•saul'tive•ly adv. -as•saul'tive•ness n.
assault rifle n. Any of various automatic or semiautomatic rifles
designed for individual use in combat.
An infantry weapon, such as an assault rifle,
designed for individual use.
as•say (as'a', a-sa') n. 1a. Qualitative or quantitative analysis of a
substance, especially of an ore or drug, to determine its components. b.
A substance to be so analyzed. c. The result of such an analysis. 2. An
analysis or examination. 3. Archaic An attempt; an essay. •!> v. (a-sal, as'a') -sayed, -say•ing, -says -tr. 1. To subject to chemical analysis.
2. To examine by trial or experiment; put to a test: assay one's ability to
speak Chinese. 3. To evaluate; assess: assayed the situation before taking
action. See synonyms at estimate. 4. To attempt; try. -intr. To be
shown by analysis to contain a certain proportion of usually precious
metal. [Middle English, from Old French essai, assai. See ESSAY.] -as•

assault weapon n.

say'a•ble adj. -as•sayfer n.
or as•sa•gai (as'o-gl') n. 1. A light spear or lance, espe-

as•se•gai

assemblage
Merry Go Straight,
Montreal, Canada;
1990 fiberglass sculpture
by Arman (b. 1928)

cially one with a short shaft and long blade for close combat, used by
Bantu peoples of southern Africa. 2. A southern African tree ( Curtisia
dentata) having wood used for making spears or lances. [Obsolete French
azagaie, probably from Old Spanish azagayah, from Arabic az-zagaya :
al-, the + Berber zagiiya, spear.]
as•sem•blage (o-sem'bllj) n. 1a. The act of assembling. b. The
state of being assembled. 2. A collection of people or things; a gathering.
3. A collection of items from a single datable component of an archeological site. 4. A fitting together of parts, as those in a machine. 5. A
sculptural composition consisting of an arrangement of miscellaneous
objects or found materials. -as•semfblag•ist n.
as•sem•ble (o-sem'bol) v. -bled, -bling, -bles -tr. 1. To bring
or call together into a group or whole: assembled the jury. 2. To fit together the parts or pieces of: assemble a machine; assemble data. -intr.
To gather together; congregate. See synonyms at gather. [Middle English
assemblen, from Old French assembler, from Vulgar Latin *assimuliire :
Latin ad-, ad-+ Latin simul, together; see sem- 1 in Appendix I.]
as•sem•bler c~-sem'bl~r) n. 1. One that assembles, as a worker who
puts together components of an item being manufactured. 2. Computer
Science A program that produces executable machine code from symbolic assembly language.
as•sem•bly (o-sem'ble) n., pl. -blies 1a. The act of assembling. b.
The state of being assembled. 2. A group of persons gathered together
for a common reason, as for a legislative, religious, educational, or social
purpose. 3. Assembly The lower house of the legislature in certain U.S.
states. 4a. The putting together of manufactured parts to make a completed product, such as a machine or electronic circuit. b. A set of parts
so assembled. 5. A signal by bugle or drum for troops to come together
in formation. 6. Computer Science The automatic translation of symbolic
code into machine code. 7. Computer Science An assembly language.
assembly language n. A programming language that is a close
approximation of the binary machine code. Also called assembly code.
assembly line n. 1. An arrangement of workers, machines, and
equipment in which the product being assembled passes consecutively
from operation to operation until completed. Also called production line.
2. A process in which finished products are turned out in a mechanically
efficient, though impersonal, manner: a university that functions as a

sports assembly line.

as•sem•bly•man

(~-sem'ble-mon) n. A man who is a member of

A Pentecostal congregation founded in the

United States in 1914.

assembly time n. Computer Science

The time required for an assembler to translate symbolic language into machine instructions.
as•sem•bly•wom•an (~-semlble-woom 1 on) n. A woman who is
a member of a legislative assembly.
as•sent (o-sentf) intr.v. -sent•ed, -sent•ing, -sents To agree, as to
a proposal; concur. •:• n. 1. Agreement; concurrence: reached assent on
a course of action. 2. Acquiescence; consent: gave my assent to the plan.
[Middle English assenten, from Old French assentir, from Latin assentiiti:
ad-, ad-+ senfire, to feel; see sent- in Appendix I.] -as•sentfer, as•

sen'tor n. -as•sentfing•ly adv. -as•senltive adj. -as•sen'tive•ness n.

Synonyms assent, agree, accede, acquiesce, consent, concur, subscribe

108

as•sen•ta•tion

(as' en-ta'sh~n) n. Hasty, typically servile agreement with another's opinions.
as•sert (~-stlrt') tr.v. -sert•ed, -sert•ing, -serts 1. To state or express positively; affirm: asserted his innocence. 2. To defend or maintain
(one's rights, for example). -idiom: assert oneself To act boldly or
forcefully, especially in defending one's rights or statin§ _an opinion.
[Latm asserere, assert- : ad-, ad- + serere, to JOm; see ser- m Appendix

I.]-as•sert'a•ble, as•sert'i•ble adj. -as•sert'er, as•ser'tor n.

as•sert•ed

(o-stlrftld) adj. Confidently stated to be so but without
proof; alleged: the asserted value of a painting. -as•sertfed•ly adv.
as•ser•tion (~-stlrlshon) n. 1. The act of asserting. 2. Something
declared or stated positively, often with no support or attempt at proof.

-as•serltion•al adj.

as•ser•tive

(o-stlr'tlv) adj. Inclined to bold or confident assertion;
aggressively self-assured. -as•ser'tive•ly adv. -as•serltive•ness

n.

assertiveness training

n. A method of training a person in
direct expression and assertiveness in his or her interpersonal interactions.
as•ses 1 (as'ez', as'lz) n. Plural of as2 •
ass•es2 (as'lz) n. Plural of ass 1•
ass•es3 (as'lz) n. Vulgar Slang Plural of ass 2 •
as•sess (o-ses') tr. v. -sessed, -sess•ing, -sess•es 1. To estimate the
value of (property) for taxation. 2. To set or determine the amount of
(a payment, such as a tax or fine). 3. To charge (a person or property)
with a special payment, such as a tax or fine. 4. Sports To charge (a foul
or penalty) against a player, coach, or team. 5. To determine the value,
significance, or extent of; appraise. See synonyms at estimate. [Middle
English assessen, from Old French assesser, from Latin assidi!re, assess-, to
sit by as an assistant judge: ad-, ad- + sedi!re, to sit; see sed- in Appendix

I.]-as•sess'a•ble adj.

as•sess•ment (~-seslm~nt)

n. 1. The act of assessing; appraisal. 2,
An amount assessed, as for taxation.
as•ses•sor (o-sesfor) n. 1. An official who evaluates property for tax,
ation. 2. An assistant to a judge or magistrate, usually selected for special
knowledge in a particular area. -as'ses•so'ri•al (as'o-s6r'e-ol, -s6r'-)

adj.

as•set

(as'et') n. 1. A useful or valuable quality, person, or thing; an
advantage or resource: proved herself an asset to the company 2. A valuable item that is owned. 3. A spy working in his or her own country and
controlled by the enemy. 4. assets a. Accounting The entries on a balance sheet showing all properties, both tangible and intangible, and
claims against others that may be applied to cover the liabilities of a
person or business. Assets can include cash, stock, inventories,
rights, and goodwill. b. The entire property owned by a person,
ly a bankrupt, that can be used to settle debts. [Back-formation
English assets, sufficient goods to settle a testator's debts and legacies,
from Anglo-Norman asetz, from asez, enough, from Vulgar Latin *ad
satis, to sufficiency : Latin ad, to; see AD- + Latin satis, enough; see
in Appendix I.]
as•sev•er•ate (~-sev'o-rat') tr.v. -at•ed, -at•ing, -ates To declare
seriously or positively; affirm. [Latin asseveriire, assevi!rat- : ad-, ad- t
sevi!rus, serious; see segh- in Appendix I.] -as•sev'er•altion n.
-as•sevler•a'tive (-o-riiltlv, -or-o-tlv) adj.
ass•hole (as'hol') n. Vulgar Slang 1. The anus. 2. A thoroughly con·
temptible, detestable person. 3. The most miserable or undesirable place
in a particular area. [ASS2 + HOLE.]
as•sib•i•late (~-slb'o-lat') tr.v. -lat•ed, -lat•ing, -lates To pro·
nounce with a hissing sound; make sibilant. [AD- + SIBILATE.] -as•

sa-

sib'i•la'tion n.

as•si•du•i•ty

a legislative assembly.

Assembly of God n.

liberation: They readily assented to our suggestion. Agree and accede are
related in the sense that assent has been reached after discussion or persuasion, but accede implies that one person or group has yielded to the
other: "It was not possible to agree to a proposal so extraordinary and un.
expected" (William Robertson). "In an evil hour this proposal was acceded
to" (Mary E. Herbert). Acquiesce suggests passive assent because of inabi].
ity or unwillingness to oppose: I acquiesced in their decision despite my
misgivings. Consent implies voluntary agreement: Her parents consented
to her marriage. Concur suggests that one has independently reached the
same conclusion as another: "I concurred with our incumbent in getting
up a petition against the Reform Bill" (George Eliot). Subscribe indicates
hearty approval: "I am contented to subscribe to the opinion of the bestqualified judge of our time" (Sir Walter Scott).

These verbs denote acceptance of and often belief in another's views, proposals, or actions. Assent implies agreement, especially as a result of de-

(as'l-do-o'l-te, -dyoo'-) n., pl. -ties 1. Persistent
plication or diligence; unflagging effort. 2. Constant personal
and often obsequious solicitude. Often used in the plural.
as•sid•u•ous (~-slj'o-o-os) adj. 1. Constant in application or attention; diligent: an assiduous worker who strove for perfection. See synonyms
at busy. 2. Unceasing; persistent: assiduous research. [From Latin
uus, from assidere, to attend to : ad-, ad- + sedere, to sit; see sed- in
pendix I.] -as•sid'u•ous•ly adv. -as•sid'u•ous•ness n.
as•sign (o-sln') tr.v. -signed, -sign•ing, -signs 1. To set apart
a particular purpose; designate: assigned a day for the inspection. 2.
select for a duty or office; appoint: firefighters assigned to the city's
trial park. 3. To give out as task; allot: assigned homework to the
4. To ascribe; attribute: sorted the rocks by assigning them to
egories. See synonyms at attribute. 5. Law To transfer (property,
or interests) from one to another. 6. To place (a person or a
unit) under a specific command. •l• n. Law An assignee. [Middle
assignen, from Old French assigner, from Latin assigniire : ad-,
signiire, to mark (from signum, sign; see sekw- 1 in Appendix I).]

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sign'a•billi•ty n. -as•sign'a•ble adj. -as•sign'a•bly adv. -as•
signler n.
as•sig•nat (asllg-nilt', as'en-yal) n. Any of the notes issued as paper
rrency in France ( 1789-1796) by the revolutionary government and secured by confiscated lands. [French, from Latin assigniltus, past participle
cu assignare, to assign. see ASSIGN. l
.
f
~s•sig•na•tion (as'lg-niilshon) n. 1. The act of assigning. 2. Son:ething assigned, espeCially an allotment. 3. An appomtment for a meetmg
between lovers; a tryst. See synonyms at engagement. -as'sig•na'tion•al adj.
as•signed risk (o-sindl) n. A poor risk that an insurance company
is compelled to cover under state laws.
as•sign•ee (o-si'nel, as'l-nel) n. 1. A party to which a transfer of
property, rights, or interest is made. 2. One appointed to act for another;
a deputy or agent.
as•sign•ment (o-sinlmont) n. 1. The act of assigning. 2. Something, such as a task, that is assigned. See synonyms at task. 3. A position or post of duty to which one is assigned. 4. Law a. The transfer of
a claim, right, interest, or property from one to another. b. The instrument by which this transfer is effected.
as•sign•or (o-si'n6r', o-sl'nor, as'o-n6r') n. Law One that makes an
assignment.
as•sim•i•la•ble (o-slm'o-lo-bol) adj. That can be assimilated: assimilable nutrients; assimilable information. -as•sim'i•la•bil'i•ty n.
as•sim•i•late (o-slm'o-l:U') v. -lat•ed, -lat•ing, -lates -tr. 1.
Physiology a. To consume and incorporate (nutrients) into the body after
digestion. b. To transform (food) mto hvmg tissue by the process of
anabolism; metabolize constructively. 2. To incorporate and absorb into
the mind: assimilate knowledge. 3. To make similar; cause to resemble.
4. Linguistics To alter (a sound) by assimilation. 5. To absorb (immigrants or a culturally distinct group) into the prevailing culture. -intr.
To become assimilated. [Middle English assimilaten, from Latin
assimilare, assimilat-, to make similar to : ad-, ad- + similis, like; see
sem-1 in Appendix 1.]-as•sim'i•la'tor n.
as•sim•i•la•tion (o-slm'o-lalshon) n. 1a. The act or process of assimilating. b. The state of being assimilated. 2. Physiology The conversion of nutriments into living tissue; constructive metabolism. 3. Linguistics The process by which a sound is modified so that it becomes
similar or identical to an adjacent or nearby sound. For example, the
prefix in- becomes im- in impossible by assimilation to the labial p of possible. 4. The process whereby a minority group gradually adopts the customs and attitudes of the prevailing culture.
as•sim•i•la•tion•ism (o-slm'o-Jalsho-nlz'om) n. A policy of furthering cultural or racial assimilation. -as•sim'i•Jaltioh•ist adj. & n.
as•sim•i•la•tive (o-slm'o-la'tlv) also as•sim•i•la•to•ry ( -lotor'e, -tor' e) adj. Marked by or causing assimilation.
As•sin•i•boin also As•sin•i•boine (o-sln'o-boin') n., pl. Assiniboin or -boins also Assiniboine or -boines 1a. A Native American
people formerly inhabiting southern Manitoba, now located in Montana,
Alberta, and Saskatchewan. The Assiniboin became nomadic buffalo
hunters after migrating to the northern Great Plains in the 18th century.
b. A member of this people. 2. The Siouan language of the Assiniboin.
[French Assiniboine, of Ojibwa origin.] -As•sinli•boin' adj.
Assiniboine A river of south-central Canada rising in southern
Saskatchewan and flowing about 949 km (590 mi) generally eastward to
the Red River at Winnipeg, Manitoba. Its valley is one of Canada's leading
wheat-growing areas.
Assiniboine, Mount A mountain, 3,620.4 m (11,870 ft) high, in the
Canadian Rocky Mountains on the Alberta-British Columbia border
near Banff.
As•si•si (o-selze, -se, o-sls'e) A town of central Italy east-southeast of
Perugia. Saint Francis of Assisi was born here in 1182 and died here in
1226. The town is a religious and tourist center. Population: 19,000.
as•sist (o-slstl) v. -sist•ed, -sist•ing, -sists -tr. To give help or
support to, especially as a subordinate or supplement; aid: The clerk assisted the judge by looking up related precedents. Her breathing was assisted
by a respirator. -intr. 1. To give aid or support. See synonyms at help.
2. To be present, as at a conference. •!• n. 1. An act of giving aid; help.
2. Sports a. A fielding and throwing of a baseball in such a way that enables a teammate to put out a runner. b. A pass, as in basketball or ice
h?ckey, that enables the receiver to score a goal. c. Official credit that is
given for such a pass. 3. A mechanical device providing aid. [Middle English assisten, from Old French assister, from Latin assistere : ad-, ad- +
sistere, to stand; see sta-in Appendix 1.]-as•sist'er n.
as•sis•tance (o-slsltons) n. 1. The act of assisting. 2. Aid; help: financial assistance.
as•sis•tant (o-sls'tont) n. One that assists; a helper. •!• adj. 1. Holdmg an auxiliary position; subordinate. 2. Giving aid; auxiliary.

TIS

id.p:or
To

Synonyms assistant, aide, coadjutant, coadjutor, helper, lieutenant, second These nouns denote a person who holds a position auxiliary to another and assumes some of his or her responsibilities: an editorial assistant; a senator's aide; the general's coadjutant; a bishop's coadjutor; a
teacher's helper; a politician's lie_,utenant; a prizefighter's second.

IS'SS.

lt-

ts,

assistant professor

n. A college or university teacher who ranks
above an instructor and below an associate professor.
as•sis•tant•ship (o-slsltont-shlp') n. An academic position that
c~rries a stipend and usually involves part-time teaching or research,
giVen to a qualified graduate student.
as•sist•ed living (o-slsltld) n. A living arrangement in which
people with special needs, especially seniors with disabilities, reside in a

facility that provides help with everyday tasks such as bathing, dressing,
and taking medication.
assisted reproduction n. The use of medical techniques, such as
drug therapy, artificial insemination, or in vitro fertilization, to enhance
fertility.
assisted suicide n. Suicide accomplished with the aid of another
person, especially a physician.
as•sis•tive (o-sls'tlv) adj. Designed for use by disabled people: an
assistive communications device; assistive technology.
as•size (o-slz') n. 1a. A session of a court. b. A decree or edict rendered at such a session. 2a. An ordinance regulating weights and measures and the weights and prices of articles of consumption. b. The standards so established. 3. Law A judicial inquest, the writ by which it is
instituted, or the verdict of the jurors. 4. assizes a. One of the periodic
court sessions formerly held in each of the counties of England and Wales
for the trial of civil or criminal cases. b. The time or place of such sessions. [Middle English assise, from Old French, from past participle of
asseoir, to seat, from Latin assidere, to sit beside. See ASSIDUOUS.]
assn. abbr. association
assoc. abbr. 1. associate 2. association
as•so•d•a•ble (o-so'she-~-bol, -sho-bol) adj. That can be associated: words associable with politics. -as•so' ci•a•bil'i•ty n.
as•so•d•ate (o-so'she-at', -se-) v. -at•ed, -at•ing, -ates -tr. 1.
To join as a partner, ally, or friend. 2. To connect or join together; combine. 3. To connect in the mind or imagination: "I always somehow associate Chatterton with autumn" (John Keats). -intr. 1. To join in or
form a league, union, or association. See synonyms at join. 2. To spend
time socially; keep company: associates with her coworkers on weekends.
•!• n. (-lt, -at') 1. A person united with another or others in an act, enterprise, or business; a partner or colleague. 2. A companion; a comrade.
3. One that habitually accompanies or is associated with another; an attendant circumstance. 4. A member of an institution or society who is
granted only partial status or privileges. 5. often Associate An associate's degree. •> adj. (-lt, -at') 1. Joined with another or others and having
equal or nearly equal status: an associate editor. 2. Having partial status
or privileges: an associate member of the club. 3. Following or accompanying; concomitant. [Middle English associaten, from Latin associare,
associat-: ad-, ad-+ socius, companion; see sekw- 1 in Appendix I.]
associate professor n. A college or university professor who
ranks above an assistant professor and below a professor.
as•so•d•ate's degree (~-so'she-lts', -ats' -se-) n. An academic
degree conferred by a two-year college after the prescribed course of
study has been successfully completed.
as•so•d•a•tion (o-so'se-a'shon, -she-) n. 1. The act of associating
or the state of being associated. 2. An organized body of people who
have an interest, activity, or purpose in common; a society. 3a. A mental
connection or relation between thoughts, feelings, ideas, or sensations.
b. A remembered or imagined feeling, emotion, idea, or sensation linked
to a person, object, or idea. 4. Chemistry Any of various processes of
combination, such as hydration, solvation, or complex-ion formation,
depending on relatively weak chemical bonding. 5. Ecology A large
number of organisms in a specific geographic area constituting a community with one or two dominant species. -as•so' ci•a'tion•al adj.
association area n. An area of the cerebral cortex where motor and
sensory functions are integrated.
association football n. Chiefly British Soccer.
as•so•d•a•tion•ism (o-so'se-a'sho-nlz'om, o-so'she-) n. The
psychological theory that association is the basic principle of all mental
activity. -as•so' ci•a'tion•ist adj. & n. -as•so' ci•a'tion•is'tic
adj.
as•so•ci•a•tive (o-so'she-a'tlv, -se-, -sho-tlv) adj. 1. Of, characterized by, resulting from, or causing association. 2. Mathematics Independent of the grouping of elements. For example, if a+ (b +c) = (a+ b)
+ c, the operation indicated by + is associative. -as•so'ci•a'tive•ly
adv. -as•so'ci•a'tiv'i•ty (-she-o-tlv'l-te, -se-, -sh~-tlv'-) n.
associative learning n. A type of learning principle based on the
assumption that ideas and experiences reinforce one another and can be
linked to enhance the learning process.
associative neuron n. A nerve cell found within the central nervous system that links sensory and motor neurons.
as•soii (o-soil') tr.v. -soiled, -soil•ing, -soils Archaic 1. To absolve;
pardon. 2. To atone for. [Middle English assai/en, from Old French assoldre, assail-, from Latin absolvere, to set free: ab-, away; see AB-' +solvere, to loosen; see leu- in Appendix I.] -as•soil'ment n.
as•so•nance (aslo-nons) n. 1. Resemblance of sound, especially of
the vowel sounds in words, as in: "that dolphin-torn, that gong-tormented
sea" (William Butler Yeats). 2. The repetition of identical or similar
vowel sounds, especially in stressed syllables, with changes in the intervening consonants, as in the phrase tilting at windmills. 3. Rough similarity; approximate agreement. [French, from Latin assoniire, to respond
to : ad-, ad- + soniire, to sound; see swen- in Appendix I.] -aslso•
nant adj. & n. -as'so•nan'tal ( -nan'tl) adj.
as•sort (~-s6rtl) v. -sort•ed, -sort•ing, -sorts -tr. 1. To separate
into groups according to kind; classify. 2. To supply with (an appropriate
variety or assortment, as of goods). -intr. 1. To agree in kind; fall into
the same class. 2. To associate with others; keep company. [Middle English assorte, from Old French assorter: a-, to (from Latin ad-; see AD-)+
sorte, kind (from Latin sors, sort-, chance, lot; see ser-2 in Appendix I).]
-as•sor'ta•tive (o-s6r'to-tlv) adj. -as•sortler n.
as•sort•ed (o-s6rltld) adj. 1. Consisting of a number of different
kinds: assorted sizes. See synonyms at miscellaneous. 2. Separated according to kind or class. 3. Suited or matched. Often used in combina-

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lpit
lpie
lrpier
opot
6toe
6paw

oiboy
ouout
ootook
oo boot
ucut

ilrurge
th thin
th this
hwwhich
zhvision
o about, item
+regionalism

Stress marks: f (primary);
' (secondary), as in
dictionary (di1</sho-ner'e)

109

subarid I subflooring
sub•ar•icl (siib-ar'Id) adj. Somewhat arid; moderately dry: a subarid
climate.

apat

apay

ilrcare

a father
epet
ebe
!pit
i pie
irpier
opot
otoe
6paw

oiboy
ouout
ootook
ooboot
ilcut
l'trurge
th thin
th this
hwwhich
:zh vision
:l' about, item
+regionalism

Stress marks: ' (primary};
' (secondary), as in
dictionary (d!k:lsha-ner'e)

1722

sub•as•sem•bly (silb'a-sem'ble) n., pl. -blies An assembled unit
forming a component to be incorporated into a larger assembly.
sub•a•tom•ic: (silb'a-tom'ik) adj. 1. Of or relating to particles that
are smaller than an atom. 2. Having dimensions or participating in reactions characteristic of the constituents of the atom.
subatomic particle n. Any of various units of matter below the
size of an atom, including the elementary particles and hadrons.
sub•au•di•tion (s11b'6-dlsh'an) n. 1. The act of understanding
and mentally supplying a word or thought that has been implied but not
expressed. 2. A word or thought supplied by subaudition. [Late Latin
subauditio, subaudition-, from subauditus, past participle of subaudire, to
supply an omitted word : Latin sub-, sub- + Latin audire, to hear; see auin Appendix I.]
sub•ax•il•lar•y (silb-iik'sa-ler'e) adj. Situated beneath the axilla or
armpit: subaxillary glands; subaxillary feathers.
sub•base (silb'biis') n. The lowermost front strip or molding of a
baseboard.
sub•base•ment (silb'bas'm;mt) n. A floor beneath a main basement of a building.
sub• bass (silblbas') n. Music A pedal stop on an organ that produces
the lowest tones, having 16 or 32 feet.
sub•branc:h (silblbriinch') n. A subdivision that has common differentiating characteristics within a larger branch.
sub•c:ab•i•net (silblkab'a-nlt) adj. Of, relating to, or being an administrative position below cabinet level: initially held talks at the subcabinet level.
sub•c:al•i•ber (siib-kal'a-bar) adj. 1. Smaller in caliber than the
barrel of the gun from which it was fired. Used of projectiles. 2. Of or
relating to such projectiles.
sub•c:ar•ri•er (silblkar'e-ar) n. Physics A section of a transmitted
wave used to modify the information-carrying section of the wave.
sub•c:ar•ti•lag•i•nous (silb'kar-tl-iij'a-nas) adj. 1. Located beneath a cartilage. 2. Partly cartilaginous.
sub•c:at•e•go•ry (s11b-kiit'l-g6r'e, -gor'e, silblkat'-) n., pl. -ries A
subdivision that has common differentiating characteristics within a
larger category.
sub•c:eil•ing (siib'se'llng) n. See sublimit.
sub•c:e•les•tial (siib'sl-les'chal) adj. 1. Lower than celestial; terrestrial. 2. Mundane.
sub•c:el•lu•lar (siib-sel'ya-lar) adj. 1. Situated or occurring within
a cell: subcellular organelles. 2. Smaller in size than ordinary cells: subcellular organisms. 3. Below the cellular level: subcellular research.
sub•c:en•ter (siib'sen'tar) n. A secondary center, especially a commercial or shopping area located away from the main business sector of
a city. -sub•cen'tral (-tral) adj.
sub•c:has•er (siib'cha'sar) n. Informal A submarine chaser.
sub•class (siiblklas') n. 1. A subdivision of a set or class. 2. Biology
A taxonomic category of related organisms ranking between a class and
an order.
sub•c:la•vi•an (siib-kla've-an) adj. Anatomy 1. Situated beneath
the clavicle. 2. Of or relating to a subclavian part. 3. Of or relating to
the subclavian artery or vein. •!+ n. A subclavian structure, such as a nerve
or muscle. [From New Latin subclavius : SUB- + Latin davis, key; see
CLAVICLE.]
subclavian artery n. A part of a major artery of the upper extremities or forelimbs that passes beneath the clavicle and is continuous with
the axillary artery.
subclavian vein n. A part of a major vein of the upper extremities
or forelimbs that passes beneath the clavicle and is continuous with the
axillary vein.
sub•c:li•max (sil.b-klllmaks') n. A stage in the ecological succession
of a plant or animal community immediately preceding a climax, and
often persisting because of the effects of fire, flood, or other conditions.
-sub' cli•mac'tic (-mak'tlk) adj.
sub•clin•i•c:al (siib-klln'l-kal) adj. Not manifesting characteristic
clinical symptoms. Used of a disease or condition. -sub•clin'i•cal•ly
adv.
sub•c:om•mit•tee (siiblka-mlt'e) n. A subordinate committee
composed of members appointed from a main committee.
sub•c:om•pac:t (silb-kom'piikt') n. An automobile smaller than a
compact.
sub•c:om•po•nent (sil.b'kam-pOinant) n. A portion of a component, especially an electronic component; a subassembly.
sub•con•fer•enc:e (silblkon'far-ans, -frons) n. A subfommittee of
a congressional conference.
sub•c:on•sdous (siib-konlshas) adj. Not wholly conscious; partially or imperfectly conscious: subconscious perceptions. •l• n. The part of
the mind below the level of conscious perception. Often used with the.
-sub•con'scious•ly adv. -sub•con'scious•ness n.
sub•con•ti•nent (siib'kon'ta-nant, sil.b-kon'-) n. 1. A large landmass, such as India, that is part of a continent but is considered either
geographically or politically as an independent entity. 2. A large landmass, such as Greenland, that is smaller than a continent. -sub' con•
ti•nen'tal (-nenltl) adj.
sub•c:on•trac:t (siib-konltriikt', silb'kon'triikt) n. A contract that
assigns some of the obligations of a prior contract to another party.
•:• intr. & tr.v. (siib-konltriikt', siib'kan-triiktl) -tract•ed, -tract•ing,
-tracts To make a subcontract or a subcontract for.
sub•c:on•trac:•tor (siib-kon'triik'tor, siib'kan-triik'tor) n. One that

enters into a subcontract and assumes some of the obligations
mary contractor.
sub•c:on•trar•y (siib-kon'trer'e) n., pl. -ries Logic A
related to another in such a way that both may be true, but
be false.
sub•cor•tex (siib-k6rlteks) n., pl. -ti•ces (-tl-sez')
the brain immediately below the cerebral cortex. -·SUb•colrfti ••
kal) adj. -sub•cor'ti•cal•ly adv.
sub•c:rit•i•c:al (sil.b-krltll-kal) adj. 1. Having a mass of
material that is less than that needed for a chain reaction. 2.
critical importance.
sub•c:ul•ture (silb'kul'char) n. 1. A cultural
ed by status, ethnic background, residence, religion, or
functionally unify the group and act collectively on
One culture of microorganisms derived from another.
al adj.
sub•c:u•ta•ne•ous (sil.b'kyo-o-ta'ne-as) adj. Located or
beneath the skin: subcutaneous tissue; a subcutaneous implant.
cu•tafne•ous•ly adv.
sub•cu•tis (sil.b-kyo-oltls) n. A layer of connective tissue
dermis.
sub•dea•c:on (siib-delkan) n. 1. A cleric ranking just bel
con. 2. A cleric who acts as assistant to the deacon at High
normally reads the Epistle at the Eucharist.
sub•deb (sil.bldeb') n. Informal A subdebutante.
sub•deb•u•tante (silb-deb'ya-tiint') n. 1. A teenage
proaching her debut. 2. A girl in her middle teens.
sub•der•mal (silb' dur'mal) adj. Located or placed beneath
subcutaneous. -sub•der'mal•ly adv.
sub•di•ac:•o•nate (sil.b'dl-ak'a-nlt) n. The office, order,
of subdeacon. [Late Latin subdiaconatus, from subdiaconus,
(partial translation of Late Greek hupodiakonos) : Latin sub-, subLatin diaconus, deacon; see DEACON.]-sub'di•ac'o•nal adj.
sub•di•rec:•to•ry (silb' dl-rek'ta-re, -dl-) n., pl. -ries A
of a computer directory.
sub•dis•d•pline (sub'dls'o-plln) n. A field of specialized
within a broader discipline; a subfield.
sub•di•vide (sil.b'dl-vid', sub'dl-vld') v. -vid•ed,
-vides -tr. 1. To divide a part or parts of into smaller parts.
divide into a number of parts, especially to divide (land) into lots.
To form into subdivisions. -sub'di•vidler n.
sub•di•vi•sion (siib'dl-vizhlan, si\bldl-vlzh'an) n. 1a. The
process of subdividing. b. A subdivided part. 2. An area of real
composed of subdivided lots. -sub' di•vifsion•al adj.
sub•dom•i•nant (silb-dom'a-nant) n. Music The fourth
diatonic scale, next below the dominant. <!• adj. 1.
dominant; ranking below one that is dominant: the sul•d01ninant
a pride of lions. 2. Ecology Prevalent in a community but below
inant in importance. Used of a species.
sub•duc•tion (sab-diik'shan) n. A geologic process in
edge of one crustal plate is forced below the edge of
from Latin subductus, past participle of subdacere, to draw
below : sub-, sub- + dacere, to lead; see deuk- in Appendix I.]
duct' v. -sub•ducftal (-tal) adj.
sub•due (sab-doo', -dyoo') tr.v. -dued, -du•ing, -dues 1. To
quer and subjugate; vanquish. See synonyms at defeat. 2. To
bring under control by physical force or persuasion; make
To make less intense or prominent; tone down: subdued
about the upcoming holiday. 4. To bring (land) under cuJltivati<m
subdued the arid lands of Australia. [Middle English subduen,
(influenced by Latin subdere, to subject) of Old French suduire,
from Latin subdacere, to withdraw (probably influenced
sedacere, to seduce) :sub-, away; see SUB-+ dacere, to lead; see
Appendix I.] -sub•dula•ble adj. -sub•dufer n.
sub•dur•al (sab-do-orlal, -dyo-or'-) adj. Located or
neath the dura mater: subdural space; a subdural hematoma.
sub•em•ployed (sil.b'em-ploid') adj. Of or relating to
segments of the paid labor force that are unemployed, uwu~'""l~"
or underpaid. -sub'em•ploylment n.
sub•en•try (siib'i'n'tre) n., pl. -tries An entry, such as one
account, catalog, or reference work, that is included within a main
sub•e•qua•to•ri•al (siib'e-kwa-t6r'e-al, -tor'-, -ek-wo-) adj:
longing to a region adjacent to an equatorial area.
su•ber•ic add (so-o-ber'ik) n. A colorless crystalline dibasic
HOOC(CH2 ) 6COOH, used in the manufacture of plastics. [Fren
b<!rique, from Latin saber, cork.]
su•ber•in (so-olbar-ln) n. A waxy waterproof substance present·
cell walls of cork tissue in plants. [French suberine : Latin saber,
French -ine, adj. suff.; see -INE2.]
su•ber•i•za•tion (soo'bar-1-za/shan) n. Deposition of
the walls of plant cells and their subsequent conversion into
su•ber•ize (so<>'ba-rlz') tr.v. -ized, -iz•ing, -iz•es To
dergo suberization. [From Latin saber, cork.]
su•ber•ose (soolba-ros') also su•ber•ous (-bar-as) adj.
ing to, or resembling cork or cork tissue. [Latin saber, cork +
sub•fam•i•ly (sil.b'fiim'a-le) n., pl. -lies 1. Biology A
category of related organisms ranking between a family and a
Linguistics A division of languages below a family and above a
sub•field (silblfeld') n. 1. A subdivision of a field of study;
discipline. 2. Mathematics A field that is a subset of another field.
sub•floor•ing (siiblfl6r'lng, -flor'-) or sub•floor (-fl6r',