Apple Computer Inc. v. Burst.com, Inc.

Filing 70

EXHIBITS re 68 Declaration in Support, Exhibit 18 filed byBurst.com, Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 19# 2 Exhibit 20# 3 Exhibit 21# 4 Exhibit 22# 5 Exhibit 23# 6 Exhibit 24# 7 Exhibit 25# 8 Exhibit 26)(Related document(s) 68 ) (Payne, Leslie) (Filed on 11/22/2006)

Apple Computer Inc. v. Burst.com, Inc.

Doc. 70 Att. 7

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Dockets.Justia.com

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INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION

ITU-T
TELECOMMUNICATION STANDARDIZATION SECTOR OF ITU

T.6

TERMINAL EQUIPMENT AND PROTOCOLS FOR TELEMATIC SERVICES

FACSIMILE CODING SCHEMES AND CODING CONTROL FUNCTIONS FOR GROUP 4 FACSIMILE APPARATUS
ITU-T Recommendation T.6
(Extract from the Blue Book)

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NOTES

1 ITU-T Recommendation T.6 was published in Fascicle VII.3 of the Blue Book. This file is an extract from the Blue Book. While the presentation and layout of the text might be slightly different from the Blue Book version, the contents of the file are identical to the Blue Book version and copyright conditions remain unchanged (see below).

2 In this Recommendation, the expression "Administration" is used for conciseness to indicate both a telecommunication administration and a recognized operating agency.

© ITU 1988, 1993

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the ITU.

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Recommendation T.6
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FACSIMILE CODING SCHEMES AND CODING CONTROL FUNCTIONS FOR GROUP 4 FACSIMILE APPARATUS

(Malaga-Torremolinos, 1984; amended at Melbourne, 1988)

1 1.1

General Scope

1.1.1 Recommendation T.6 defines the facsimile coding schemes and their control functions to be used in the Group 4 facsimile. 1.1.2 This Recommendation should be read in conjunction with the following Recommendations: T.503 T.521 T.563 T.73 T.62 A document application profile for the interchange of Group 4 facsimile documents Communication application profile for document bulk transfer based on the session service (according to the rules defined in T.62 bis) Terminal characteristics for Group 4 facsimile apparatus Document interchange protocol for the Telematic services Control procedures for Teletex and Group 4 facsimile services and Group 4 facsimile services based on

T.62 bis Control procedures for Teletex Recommendations X.215/X.225 T.70 F. 161

Network-independent basic transport service for Telematic services International Group 4 facsimile service

In addition, in the case of Group 4 Class II/III (Teletex or mixed mode of operation), the following Recommendations should also be read: T.60 T.61 T.72 1.2 1.2.1 Terminal equipment for use in the Teletex service Character repertoire and coded character sets for the international Teletex service Terminal capabilities for mixed mode of operation

Fundamental principles Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions

Facsimile coding schemes consist of the basic facsimile coding scheme and optional facsimile coding schemes. They are defined in § 2 and §§ 3 and 4, respectively. Facsimile coding schemes are specified assuming that transmission errors are corrected by control procedures at a lower level. The basic facsimile coding scheme is the two-dimensional coding scheme which is in principle the same as the two-dimensional coding scheme of Group 3 facsimile specified in Recommendation T.4. Optional facsimile coding schemes are specified not only for black and white images but also for grey scale images and colour images. Facsimile coding control functions are used in facsimile user information in order to change facsimile parameters or to invoke the end of facsimile block. They are defined in § 2.4. 2 2.1 images. Facsimile coding schemes consist of the basic facsimile coding scheme and optional coding schemes. Fascicle VII.3 - Rec. T.6 1 Facsimile coding schemes and coding control functions for black and white images General This section specifies the facsimile coding schemes, and associated control functions for black and white

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The use of the optional facsimile coding schemes is subject to mutual agreement between terminals and shall be initiated by the appropriate procedural steps. 2.2 2.2.1 Basic facsimile coding scheme Principle of the coding scheme

The coding scheme uses a two-dimensional line-by-line coding method in which the position of each changing picture element on the current coding line is coded with respect to the position of a corresponding reference element situated on either the coding line or the reference line which is immediately above the coding line. After the coding line has been coded, it becomes the reference line for the next coding line. The reference line for the first coding line in a page is an imaginary white line. 2.2.2 Definition of changing picture elements (see Figure 1 /T.6)

A changing element is defined as an element whose "colour" (i.e. black or white) is different from that of the previous element along the same scan line.

2.2.3

Coding modes

One of the three coding modes are chosen according to the coding procedure described in § 2.2.4 to code the position of each changing element along the coding line. Examples of the three coding modes are given in Figure 2/T.6, 3/T.6 and 4/T.6. 2.2.3.1 Pass mode This mode is identified when the position of b2 lies to the left of a1. (See Figure 2/T.6.) However, the state where b2 occurs just above a1 as shown in Figure 3/T.6 is not considered as a pass mode.

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2.2.3.2 Vertical mode When this mode is identified, the position of a1 is coded relative to the position of b1. The relative distance a1b1 can take on one of seven values V(0), VR(1), VR(2), VR(3), VL(1), VL(2) and VL(3), each of which is represented by a separate code word. The subscripts R and L indicate that a1 is to the right or left respectively of b1, and the number in brackets indicates the value of the distance a1b1 (see Figure 4/T.6).

2.2.3.3 Horizontal mode When this mode is identified, both the run-lengths a0a1 and a1a2 are coded using the code words H + M(a0a1) + M(a1a2). H is the flag code word 001 taken from the two-dimensional code table (Table 1/T.6). M(a0a1) and M(a1a2) are code words which represent the length and "colour" of the runs a0a1 and a1a2 respectively and are taken from the appropriate white or black run-length code tables (Tables 2/T.6 and 3/T.6).

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TABLE 1/T.6 Code table

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Mode Pass

Elements to be coded b1, b2

Notation P 0001

Code word

Horizontal

a0a1, a1a2

H

001 + M(a0a1) + M(a1a2) (see Note) 1 011 000011 0000011 010 000010 0000010 0000001xxx

Vertical

a1 just under b1 a1 to the right of b1

a1b1 = 0 a1b1 = 1 a1b1 = 2 a1b1 = 3

V(0) VR(1) VR(2) VR(3) VL(1) VL(2) VL(3)

a1 to the left of b1

a1b1 = 1 a1b1 = 2 a1b1 = 3

Extension

Note ­ Code M( ) of the horizontal mode represents the code words in Tables 2/T.6 and 3/T.6.

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TABLE 2/T.6 Terminating codes

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White run length 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

Code word 00110101 000111 0111 1000 1011 1100 1110 1111 10011 10100 00111 01000 001000 000011 110100 110101 101010 101011 0100111 0001100 0001000 0010111 0000011 0000100 0101000 0101011 0010011 0100100 0011000 00000010 00000011 00011010 00011011 00010010 00010011 00010100 00010101 00010110 00010111 00101000 00101001 00101010 00101011 00101100 00101101 00000100 00000101 00001010 00001011 01010010 01010011 01010100 01010101 00100100 00100101 01011000 01011001 01011010 01011011 01001010 01001011 00110010 00110011 00110100

Black run length 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63

Code word 0000110111 010 11 10 011 0011 0010 00011 000101 000100 0000100 0000101 0000111 00000100 00000111 000011000 0000010111 0000011000 0000001000 00001100111 00001101000 00001101100 00000110111 00000101000 00000010111 00000011000 000011001010 000011001011 000011001100 000011001101 000001101000 000001101001 000001101010 000001101011 000011010010 000011010011 000011010100 000011010101 000011010110 000011010111 000001101100 000001101101 000011011010 000011011011 000001010100 000001010101 000001010110 000001010111 000001100100 000001100101 000001010010 000001010011 000000100100 000000110111 000000111000 000000100111 000000101000 000001011000 000001011001 000000101011 000000101100 000001011010 000001100110 000001100111

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TABLE 3/T.6

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Make-up codes between 64 and 1728

White run length 64 128 192 256 320 384 448 512 576 640 704 768 832 896 960 1024 1088 1152 1216 1280 1344 1408 1472 1536 1600 1664 1728

Code word 11011 10010 010111 0110111 00110110 00110111 01100100 01100101 01101000 01100111 011001100 011001101 011010010 011010011 011010100 011010101 011010110 011010111 011011000 011011001 011011010 011011011 010011000 010011001 010011010 011000 010011011

Black run length 64 128 192 256 320 384 448 512 576 640 704 768 832 896 960 1024 1088 1152 1216 1280 1344 1408 1472 1536 1600 1664 1728

Code word 0000001111 000011001000 000011001001 000001011011 000000110011 000000110100 000000110101 0000001101100 0000001101101 0000001001010 0000001001011 0000001001100 0000001001101 0000001110010 0000001110011 0000001110100 0000001110101 0000001110110 0000001110111 0000001010010 0000001010011 0000001010100 0000001010101 0000001011010 0000001011011 0000001100100 0000001100101

Make-up codes between 1792 and 2560

Run length (black and white) 1792 1856 1920 1984 2048 2112 2176 2240 2304 2368 2432 2496 2560

Make-up codes

00000001000 00000001100 00000001101 000000010010 000000010011 000000010100 000000010101 000000010110 000000010111 000000011100 000000011101 000000011110 000000011111

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2.2.4 Coding procedure

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The coding procedure identifies the coding mode that is to be used to code each changing element along the coding line. When one of the three coding modes has been identified according to Step 1 or Step 2 mentioned below, an appropriate code word is selected from the code table given in Table 1/T.6. The coding procedure is as shown in the flow diagram of Figure 5/T.6.

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Step 1 i)

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If a pass mode is identified, this is coded using the word 0001 (Table 1/T.6). After this processing, picture element a'0 just under b2 is regarded as the new starting picture element a0 for the next coding (see Figure 2/T.6).

ii) If a pass mode is not detected, then proceed to Step 2. Note ­ It does not affect compatibility to restrict the use of pass mode in the encoder to a single pass mode. Variations of the algorithm which do not affect compatibility should be the subject of further study. Step 2 i) Determine the absolute value of the relative distance a1b1. ii) If | a1b1 | 3, as shown in Table 1/T.6, a1b1 is coded by the vertical mode, after which position a1 is regarded as the new starting picture element a0 for the next coding. iii) If | a1b1 | > 3, as shown in Table 1/T.6, following horizontal mode code 001, a0a1 and a1a2 are respectively coded by one-dimensional run length coding. Run lengths in the range of 0 to 63 pels are encoded with their appropriate terminating code word of Table 2/T.6. Note that there is a different list of code words for black and white run lengths. Run lengths in the range of 64 to 2623 pels are encoded first by the make-up code word representing the run length which is nearest, not longer, to that required. This is then followed by the terminating code word representing the difference between the required run length and the run length represented by the make-up code. Run lengths in the range of lengths longer than or equal to 2624 pels are coded first by the make-up code of 2560. If the remaining part of the run (after the first make-up code of 2560) is 2560 pels or greater, additional make-up code(s) of 2560 are issued until the remaining part of the run becomes less than 2560 pels. Then the remaining part of the run is encoded by terminating code or by make-up code plus Terminating code according to the range as mentioned above. After this processing, position a2 is regarded as the new starting picture element a0 for the next coding. Note ­ Coding examples are given in Recommendation T.4, § 4.2.5. 2.2.5 Processing the first and last picture element in a line

2.2.5.1 Processing the first picture element The first starting picture element a0 on each coding line is imaginarily set at a position just before the first picture element, and is regarded as a white picture element (see § 2.2.2). The first run length on a line a0a1 is replaced by a0a1 ­ 1. Therefore, if the first actual run is black and is deemed to be coded by horizontal mode coding, then the first code word M(a0a1) corresponds to an imaginary white run of zero length (see Figure 10/T.4). 2.2.5.2 Processing the last picture element The coding of the coding line continues until the position of the imaginary changing element situated just after the last actual element has been coded. This may be coded as a1 or a2. Also, if b1 and/or b2 are not detected at any time during the coding of the line, they are positioned on the imaginary changing element situated just after the last actual picture element on the reference line. 2.3 2.3.1 Optional facsimile coding schemes for black and white images Uncompressed mode

Uncompressed mode is an optional coding scheme associated to the basic facsimile coding scheme and is used to transmit the image information without data compression techniques as shown in Table 4/T.6. The extension code in § 2.2.4 with the xxx bits set to 111 is used as an entrance code from the basic coding scheme in § 2.2 to the uncompressed mode. While using the uncompressed mode, the last picture elements of the end of the line and the first picture elements of the beginning of the following line are concatenated to one pattern.

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TABLE 4/T.6

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Uncompressed mode code words Entrance code to uncompressed mode

Basic coding scheme: 0000001111

Image pattern 1 01 001 0001 00001 00000

Code word 1 01 001 0001 00001 000001 0000001T 00000001T 000000001T 0000000001T 00000000001T

Uncompressed mode code

Exit from uncompressed mode code

0 00 000 0000

T denotes a tag bit which tells the colour of the next run (black = 1, white = 0).

2.4 2.4.1

Facsimile coding control functions Control functions for basic facsimile coding scheme

2.4.1.1 End-of-facsimile block The end-of-facsimile block (EOFB) code is added to the end of every coded facsimile block. The format of EOFB is as follows: Format: 000000000001000000000001 24 bits 2.4.1.2 Pad bits Pad bits may be used after the end-of-facsimile block code if it is necessary to align on octet boundaries or to a fixed block size. The format used is as follows. Format: Variable length string of 0s. 2.4.1.3 Extension Extension code is used to indicate the change from the current mode to another mode, e.g., another coding scheme. Format: 0000001xxx, where xxx = 111 indicates uncompressed mode which is specified in § 2.3.1. Further study is needed to define other unspecified xxx bit assignments and their use for any further extensions. 3 Optional grey scale facsimile coding schemes and their coding control functions For further study. 4 Optional colour facsimile coding schemes and their coding control functions For further study.

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