Oracle America, Inc. v. Google Inc.

Filing 956

Brief re #953 Order, #948 Order Oracle's Brief Addressing Court's Copyright Questions filed byOracle America, Inc.. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit A)(Related document(s) #953 , #948 ) (Jacobs, Michael) (Filed on 4/22/2012)

Exhibit A

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MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP
MICHAEL A. JACOBS (Bar No. 111664)
[e-mail]
MARC DAVID PETERS (Bar No. 211725)
[e-mail]
755 Page Mill Road
Palo Alto, CA 94304-1018
Telephone: [phone] / Facsimile: [phone]

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BOIES, SCHILLER & FLEXNER LLP
DAVID BOIES (Admitted Pro Hac Vice)
[e-mail]
333 Main Street
Armonk, NY 10504
Telephone: [phone] / Facsimile: [phone]
STEVEN C. HOLTZMAN (Bar No. 144177)
[e-mail]
1999 Harrison St., Suite 900
Oakland, CA 94612
Telephone: [phone] / Facsimile: [phone]

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ORACLE CORPORATION
DORIAN DALEY (Bar No. 129049)
[e-mail]
DEBORAH K. MILLER (Bar No. 95527)
[e-mail]
MATTHEW M. SARBORARIA (Bar No. 211600)
[e-mail]
500 Oracle Parkway
Redwood City, CA 94065
Telephone: [phone] / Facsimile: [phone]
Attorneys for Plaintiff
ORACLE AMERICA, INC.

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

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SAN FRANCISCO DIVISION

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ORACLE AMERICA, INC.

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Plaintiff,

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v.

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GOOGLE INC.

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Case No. CV 10-03561 WHA
PLAINTIFF’S RESPONSES AND
OBJECTIONS TO DEFENDANT
GOOGLE INC.’S FIRST SET OF
INTERROGATORIES TO
PLAINTIFF ORACLE AMERICA,
INC. (NOS. 1-10)

Defendant.
Dept.: Courtroom 9, 19th Floor
Judge: Honorable William H. Alsup

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damages corresponding to Google’s willful infringement—is in Google’s possession, timely

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production of information and documents relating to damages by Google will be necessary in

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order for Oracle’s experts to be able to provide detailed quantifications of Oracle’s damages in

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their initial reports.

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INTERROGATORY NO. 2:

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State in detail Oracle’s factual bases for its claim of direct copyright infringement,

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specifically including a comparison of each element of Java software, including without

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limitation any class libraries, API packages, method names, class names, definitions,

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organizational elements, parameters, structural elements, and documentation, to the

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corresponding Android element, as Oracle did in Exhibit J to its Amended Complaint.

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RESPONSE TO INTERROGATORY NO. 2:

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Oracle owns many copyrights in the code, documentation, specifications, libraries, and

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other materials that comprise the Java platform. As new versions of the Java platform were

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developed and the materials revised, the copyrights were registered with the United States

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Copyright Office, including TX0004416302; TX0004326014; TX0004616088; TX0005271787;

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TX0005316757; TX0005316758; TX0005359984; TX0005359985; TX0005359986;

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TX0005359987; TX0005392885; TX0006066538; TX0006143306; and TX0006196514. Google

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has infringed Oracle’s copyrights.

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Android Application Programmer Interface (API) package specifications (whether or not

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from the Apache Harmony project) that correspond to Oracle’s Java API specifications are

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unauthorized derivative work, and Google’s unauthorized copying and distribution of them is

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copyright infringement. A comparison of Android’s API package specifications (available at

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http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html) with Oracle’s copyrighted Java API

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package specifications (for example, available at

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http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/api/,

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http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.4.2/docs/api, and

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http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.3/docs/api/)8 demonstrates that the following Android

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package specifications are derived from or substantially similar to Oracle’s copyrighted Java API

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package specifications:

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1. java.awt.font

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2. java.beans

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3. java.io

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4. java.lang

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5. java.lang.annotation

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6. java.lang.ref

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7. java.lang.reflect

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8. java.math

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9. java.net

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10. java.nio

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11. java.nio.channels

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12. java.nio.channels.spi

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13. java.nio.charset

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14. java.nio.charset.spi

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15. java.security

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16. java.security.acl

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17. java.security.cert

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18. java.security.interfaces

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19. java.security.spec

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20. java.sql

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21. java.text

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22. java.util

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Oracle’s copyright infringement claim applies to all versions of Oracle’s Java API specifications and reference
implementations from which Android derives, which include J2SE 1.2, J2SE 1.3, J2SE 1.4, and J2SE 5.0.

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23. java.util.concurrent

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24. java.util.concurrent.atomic

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25. java.util.concurrent.locks

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26. java.util.jar

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27. java.util.logging

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28. java.util.prefs

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29. java.util.regex

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30. java.util.zip

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31. javax.crypto

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32. javax.crypto.interfaces

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33. javax.crypto.spec

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34. javax.net

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35. javax.net.ssl

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36. javax.security.auth

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37. javax.security.auth.callback

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38. javax.security.auth.login

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39. javax.security.auth.x500

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40. javax.security.cert

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41. javax.sql

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42. javax.xml

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43. javax.xml.datatype

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44. javax.xml.namespace

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45. javax.xml.parsers

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46. javax.xml.transform

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47. javax.xml.transform.dom

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48. javax.xml.transform.sax

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49. javax.xml.transform.stream

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50. javax.xml.validation
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51. javax.xml.xpath

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Some Android package API specifications are substantially similar to selected portions of some

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of the Oracle Java API package specifications (e.g., java.awt.font, java.beans) while other

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Android package API specifications are substantially similar to complete portions of other Oracle

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Java API package specifications (e.g., java.io, java.lang, java.net, java.nio, java.security, java.sql,

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java.text). Exhibits A-E are illustrative examples.9

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The Android source and object code (whether or not from the Apache Harmony project)

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that purports to implement Oracle’s Java API specifications is unauthorized derivative work, and

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Google’s unauthorized copying and distribution of it is copyright infringement. See, e.g., “What

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is Android?” (available at http://developer.android.com/guide/basics/what-is-android.html

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(“Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality available in the

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core libraries of the Java programming language.”)); Package Index (available at

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http://developer.android.com/reference/packages.html), including those API packages listed

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above, and subsidiary webpages; and source code and documentation files available in:10

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libcore\security\src\main\java\java\security;

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libcore\security\src\main\java\javax\security\cert;

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libcore\security\src\main\java\org\apache\harmony\security;

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libcore\math\src\main\java\java\math;

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libcore\math\src\main\java\org\apache\harmony\math;

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libcore\luni\src\main\java\java;

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libcore\luni\src\main\java\org\apache\harmony\luni;

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libcore\luni-kernel\src\main\java\java\lang;

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The illustrative examples are taken from http://download.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/api/ and
http://developer.android.com/reference/packages html.
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It appears that Google has recently modified the source code currently available through
http://android.git kernel.org. Such changes are subject to the discovery Oracle has propounded on Google. In any
event, the cited source code examples are taken from http://android.git.kernel.org/. The citations are shortened and
mirror the file paths shown in http://android.git.kernel.org/. For example, “dalvik\vm\native\InternalNative.c” maps
to “[platform/dalvik.git] / vm / native / InternalNative.c” (accessible at
http://android.git kernel.org/?p=platform/dalvik.git;a=blob;f=vm/native/InternalNative.c) before modification by
Google.
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libcore\luni-kernel\src\main\java\org\apache\harmony\kernel;

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libcore\luni-kernel\src\main\java\org\apache\harmony\lang;

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libcore\nio\src\main\java\java.

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Google has created and distributed infringing works written in native code, in addition to Java

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code, that derive from Oracle’s copyrighted works. For example, Google makes and distributes

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_Class.c, which is based on Oracle’s java.lang.Class specification.

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Other examples include:

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_Object.c

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_reflect_AccessibleObject.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_reflect_Array.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_reflect_Constructor.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_reflect_Field.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_reflect_Method.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_reflect_Proxy.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_Runtime.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_String.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_System.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_Throwable.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_VMClassLoader.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_lang_VMThread.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_security_AccessController.c;

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dalvik\vm\native\java_util_concurrent_atomic_AtomicLong.c; and

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dalvik\vm\native\sun_misc_Unsafe.c.

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See also, e.g., source code files in libcore\luni\src\main\native; libcore\luni-

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kernel\src\main\native.

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Google’s Android videos directly reference inclusion of Java libraries in Android, e.g.:

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Google Presentation, entitled “Android: Securing a Mobile Platform from the Ground
Up,” presented by Rich Cannings (Google’s Android Team) at the Usenix 18th

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Security Symposium (Aug. 12, 2010), available at

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http://www.usenix.org/events/sec09/tech/.

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Google I/O 2010 Video, entitled “A JIT Compiler for Android’s Dalvik VM,”

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presented by Ben Cheng and Bill Buzbee (Google’s Android Team), available at

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http://developer.android.com/videos/index.html#v=Ls0tM-c4Vfo.

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Google I/O 2008 Video, entitled “Dalvik Virtual Machine Internals,” presented by

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Dan Bornstein (Google Android Project), available at

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http://developer.android.com/videos/index.html#v=ptjedOZEXPM.

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Moreover, Google admits that Android incorporates a subset of Apache Harmony, which

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it asserts is “an implementation of Sun’s Java.” (See, e.g., Google’s Amended Counterclaims

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¶¶ 6-7, 13.)

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Google distributes by way of Android and Android-related websites source and object

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code derived from or substantially similar to Oracle’s source code or to decompiled Oracle object

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code, including:

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AclEntryImpl.java
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/dalvik/libcore/support/src/test/java/org/apache/harmony/security/tests/support/acl/
PermissionImpl.java

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/dalvik/libcore/support/src/test/java/org/apache/harmony/security/tests/support/acl/
OwnerImpl.java

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/dalvik/libcore/support/src/test/java/org/apache/harmony/security/tests/support/acl/
GroupImpl.java

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/dalvik/libcore/support/src/test/java/org/apache/harmony/security/tests/support/acl/
AclImpl.java

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/dalvik/libcore/support/src/test/java/org/apache/harmony/security/tests/support/acl/

/dalvik/libcore/support/src/test/java/org/apache/harmony/security/tests/support/acl/
PrincipalImpl.java

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/dalvik/libcore/support/src/test/java/org/apache/harmony/security/tests/support/cert
/PolicyNodeImpl.java

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/dalvik/libcore/support/src/test/java/org/apache/harmony/security/tests/support/acl/

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AclEnumerator.java (which was obtained by decompiling Oracle’s

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/sun/security/acl/AclEnumerator.class)

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Oracle’s java/util/Arrays.java
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/dalvik/libcore/luni/src/main/java/java/util/ComparableTimSort.java contains code
copied from Oracle’s java/util/Arrays.java

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/dalvik/libcore/security/src/test/java/org/apache/harmony/security/tests/java/securit
y/CodeSourceTest.java contains comments copied from Oracle’s

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/dalvik/libcore/luni/src/main/java/java/util/TimSort.java contains code copied from

/java/security/CodeSource.java
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/dalvik/libcore/security/src/test/java/tests/security/cert/CollectionCertStoreParamet

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ersTest.java contains comments copied from Oracle’s

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/java/security/cert/CollectionCertStoreParameters.java

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Additional supporting evidence of Google’s copyright infringement can be found at,

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e.g., GOOGLE-00248372; GOOGLE-00296156-75; GOOGLE-00296453-60; GOOGLE-

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00296959-61; GOOGLE-00296500-03; GOOGLE-00296507; GOOGLE-00297265; GOOGLE-

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00297033-38, GOOGLE-00297252-57, GOOGLE-00297361-65 and similar questionnaires

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signed by other developers; GOOGLE-00296203-07; GOOGLE-00296498-99; GOOGLE-

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00296523-24; GOOGLE-00296525-26; GOOGLE-00297075-76.

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Discovery is ongoing, and Oracle has not yet completed its investigation of the documents

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and facts relevant to the claims and defenses asserted in this action. Accordingly, Oracle’s

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responses are based on the information reasonably available at this time and Oracle will

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supplement this response as appropriate under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.

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INTERROGATORY NO. 3:

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State in detail Oracle’s factual bases for each element of indirect copyright infringement,

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specifically including an identification of any direct infringement and a description of the acts of

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the alleged indirect infringer that contribute to or are inducing that direct infringement.

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