Apple Inc. v. Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. et al

Filing 167

Declaration of NICHOLAS P. GODICI IN SUPPORT OF SAMSUNG'S OPPOSITION TO APPLE'S MOTION FOR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION filed bySamsung Electronics America, Inc., Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd., Samsung Telecommunications America, LLC. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit 1, #2 Exhibit 2, #3 Exhibit 3, #4 Exhibit 4-1, #5 Exhibit 4-2, #6 Exhibit 5, #7 Exhibit 6, #8 Exhibit 7, #9 Exhibit 8-1, #10 Exhibit 8-2, #11 Exhibit 8-3, #12 Exhibit 8-4, #13 Exhibit 8-5, #14 Exhibit 8-6, #15 Exhibit 8-7, #16 Exhibit 9, #17 Exhibit 10, #18 Exhibit 11, #19 Exhibit 12-1, #20 Exhibit 12-2, #21 Exhibit 12-3, #22 Exhibit 12-4, #23 Exhibit 13, #24 Exhibit 14)(Maroulis, Victoria) (Filed on 8/22/2011) Modified on 8/29/2011 cannot link entry-opposition has not been efiled (dhm, COURT STAFF).

Exhibit 7

111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
US007469381B2

(54)

United States Patent

(10)

Ording

(12)

(45)

LIST SCROLLING AND DOCUMENT
TRANSLATION, SCALING, AND ROTATION
ON A TOUCH-SCREEN DISPLAY

(75)

Inventor:

(73)

Notice:

6,489,951 Bl
6,567,102 B2

Assignee: Apple Inc., Cupertino, CA (US)

( *)

Patent No.:
US 7,469,381 B2
Date of Patent:
Dec. 23, 2008
12/2002 Wong et al.
5/2003 Kung

345/173
345/660

Bas Ording, San Francisco, CA (US)
(Continued)
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.c. l54(b) by 0 days.

(21)

Filed:

0635779 Al

1/1995

Appl. No.: 11/956,969

(22)

EP

(Continued)

Dec. 14, 2007

OTHER PUBLICATIONS
(65)

Prior Publication Data
US 2008/0168404 Al

Microsoft Word 2003 Screen Shots. *

Jul. 10, 2008

(Continued)

Related U.S. Application Data
(60)

(51)
(52)
(58)

Primary Examiner-Boris Pesin
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Morgan, Lewis & Bockius
LLP

Provisional application No. 60/937,993, filed on Jun.
29, 2007, provisional application No. 60/946,971,
filed on Jun. 28, 2007, provisional application No.
60/945,858, filed on Jun. 22, 2007, provisional application No. 60/879,469, filed on Jan. 8, 2007, provisional application No. 60/883,801, filed on Jan. 7,
2007, provisional application No. 60/879,253, filed on
Jan. 7, 2007.
Int. Cl.
G06F 3/01
U.S. Cl.

(57)

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method for use in conjunction with a device with a
touch screen display is disclosed. In the method, a movement
ofan object on or near the touch screen display is detected. In
response to detecting the movement, an electronic document
displayed on the touch screen display is translated in a first
direction. If an edge of the electronic document is reached
while translating the electronic document in the first direction
while the object is still detected on or near the touch screen
display, an area beyond the edge ofthe document is displayed.
After the object is no longer detected on or near the touch
screen display, the document is translated in a second direction until the area beyond the edge of the document is no
longer displayed.

(2006.01)

715/702; 715/764; 715/863;
715/864; 715/769
715/764,
Field of Classification Search .
715/769, 702, 863, 864
See application file for complete search history.
References Cited

(56)

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5,495,566
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20 Claims, 38 Drawing Sheets

Portabl&MuR~~onclionDevice

~ ~

,:,~,:]

Current Time

~

http://www.company.com/start

~

==

~

~

Welcome

E!2

ABSTRACT

~

I

1 [::>
GJilliJ.

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I

~

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Block

2

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Block 9

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:lJl1±ll
9303928-1~

_

APLNDC00010655

US 7,469,381 B2
Page 2

u.s. PATENT DOCUMENTS
6,661,409
6,690,387
6,707,449
6,809,724
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2005/0270269
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2006/0025218
2006/0026521
2006/0048073
2006/0055669
2006/0061551
2006/0077544
2006/0082549
2006/0094502
2006/0156249

B2
B2 *
B2
Bl
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
Bl
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
B2
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al *
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al

12/2003
2/2004
3/2004
10/2004
6/2005
6/2005
12/2005
12/2005
3/2006
5/2006
7/2006
9/2006
12/2006
12/2006
2/2007
2/2007
7/2007
5/2003
5/2003
10/2003
2/2004
2/2004
4/2004
8/2004
12/2004
112005
7/2005
8/2005
9/2005
10/2005
12/2005
12/2005
2/2006
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3/2006
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Demartines et al.
Zimmerman et al.
Hinckley et al.
Shiraishi et al.
Duarte
Ogaki
Davis et al
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Pihlaja
Zadesky et al.
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Denny, III
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Ohara
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345/173
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345/173
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715/784
7011208
345/684
345/173
345/173
345/156
345/156
345/179
348/207.1
382/132
703/1
455/566
715/776
345/613
382/131
345/173
345/684
345/863
345/805
345/619
345/173
345/173
250/566
345/659
715/784
345/173
345/156
345/156
463/37
715/702
715/784
345/156
345/158
359/448
345/157
463/31
715/781

2006/0181510
2006/0187215
2006/0197753
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2007/0067745
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2007/0150826
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2007/0156364
2008/0104544

Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al
Al

*

8/2006
8/2006
9/2006
10/2006
1/2007
2/2007
3/2007
3/2007
5/2007
5/2007
6/2007
6/2007
7/2007
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345/158
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715/863
345/173
345/173
715/772
715/863
345/173
345/173
455/565
702/117
715/846

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
EP
EP
WO
WO
WO
WO
WO

0701220
0880091
WO 02/01338
WO 03/060622
WO 2005/052773
WO 2006/003591
WO 2006/020305

A
A2
Al
A2
A2
A
A2

3/1996
11/1998
1/2002
7/2003
6/2005
112006
2/2006

OTHER PUBLICATIONS
Photo Mesa 3.1.2 2006 Screen Shots. *
International Search Report and Written Opinion for International
Application No. PCTIUS2008/050292, mailed Sep. 19, 200S.
IBM, "Scroll Control Box," IBM Technical Disclosure Bulletin, vol.
38, No. 04, Apr. 1993, pp. 399-403.
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Miller, D., "PersonalJava Application Environment," Sun
Microsystems,
http://java.sun.com/products/personaljava/touchable/, Jun. 8, 1999, 13 pages.

* cited by examiner

APLNDC00010656

u.s. Patent
Memory
102

Dec. 23, 2008

Port a bl e M u Iff
luncr D · e
Ion eVlc
100
1 36
126 Applications (continued)
148
128
Calendar Module
149
13O
Widget Modules
149-1
132
Weather Widget
149-2
134
Stocks Widget
149-3
135
Calculator Widget
136
149-4
Alarm Clock Widget
137
149-5
Dictionary Widget
138
•

~

Operating System

Communication Module
Contact/Motion Module
Graphics Module
Text Input Module
GPS Module
Applications
Contacts Module
Telephone Module
Video Conference Module
E-mail Client Module
Instant Messaging Module
Blogging Module
Camera Module
Image Management Module
Video Player Module
Music Player Module
Browsing Module

...r
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Search Module

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150
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( 118

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156 -----'

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 1 of 38

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speaker

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158
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Devices

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Figure 1

APLNDC00010657

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 2 of 38

Portable Multifunction Device

100
( Spea ker 111

J

Optical
Sensor.1.Q.1

Proximity
Sensor1.Q.Q.

~I

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Touch Screen 112

Microphone
113

Figure 2

APLNDC00010658

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 3 of 38

Portable Multifunction Device

100
( Speaker 111)
300

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Sensor .1Q1

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ill

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APLNDC00010659

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 4 of 38

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100
Optical
Sensor.1.Q.1

( Speaker 111)
400

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140

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Home

204
Figure 4

APLNDC00010660

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

Sheet 5 of 38

US 7,469,381 B2

~.502

Detect a movement of an object (e.g., a finger) on or near a touch screen
display of a device.

+
Scroll a list of items displayed on the touch screen display in a first

~504

direction (e.g., vertical or horizontal).
Scroll the list at a speed corresponding to a speed of movement of
the object.
Scroll the list in accordance with a simulation of an equation of motion
having friction.

"""""" ( 51 0
Is a
"
terminus of the
"""'"
list reached while scrolling the
"'" No
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list in the first direction while the object
is still detected on or near
the touch screen
display?
Yes

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~514

Display an area beyond the terminus of the list.
Display the area in white.

~ r- 51 6

Display the area as visually indistinct from the background of the list. ~ /"' 51 8

•

~520

After the object is no longer detected on or near the touch screen display,
scroll the list in a second direction opposite the first direction until the area
beyond the terminus of the list is no longer displayed.
Scroll the list using a damped motion.

~ /"' 522

Make the terminus of the list appear to be elastically attached to an
r- 52 4
edge of the touch screen display or to an edge displayed on the touch i'---'
screen display.

Figure 5

APLNDC00010661

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

Portable Multifunction Device

206

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100

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US 7,469,381 B2

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APLNDC00010662

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 7 of 38

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100
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APLNDC00010663

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

Portable Multifunction Device

206

100
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3500A

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 8 of 38

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APLNDC00010664

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 9 of 38

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100
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APLNDC00010665

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

Sheet 10 of 38

US 7,469,381 B2

~ 702

Detect a movement of an object (e.g., a finger) on or near a touch screen
display.

+

~

704

Translate an electronic document displayed on the touch screen display in
a first direction (e.g., vertical, horizontal, or diagonal).
Translate the electronic document at a speed of translation
corresponding to a speed of movement of the object.

v

/'

706

Translate the electronic document in accordance with a simulation of
/ ' 708
'---'
an equation of motion having friction.

t
edge of the
/ / electronic document reached """
//~hile translating the electronic document i~"",~o
, the first direction while the object is still
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Display an area beyond the edge of the document.
Display the area in black, gray, a solid color, or white.

'---'

/'716

Display the area as visually distinct from the document.

'---'

/'718

~720

+
After the object is no longer detected on or near the touch screen display,
translate the document in a second direction (e.g., opposite the first
direction) until the area beyond the edge of the document is no longer
displayed.
Translate the document using a damped motion.

'---'

/'722

Make the edge of the electronic document appear to be elastically
attached to an edge of the touch screen display or to an edge
displayed on the touch screen display.

'---'

/'724

!

Figure 7

APLNDC00010666

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

Portable Multifunction Device
100

206

Optical
Sensor.1M

( Speaker 111)

3900A

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US 7,469,381 B2

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APLNDC00010667

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 12 of 38

Portable Multifunction Device

100
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US 7,469,381 B2

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Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

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APLNDC00010670

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

Sheet 15 of 38

US 7,469,381 B2

~902

.-----------------------------'----,
Display an electronic document at a first magnification on a touch screen
display. The electronic document has a document length and a document
width.

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display corresponding to a command to zoom out by a user-specified
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Figure 9

APLNDC00010671

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 16 of 38

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Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

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u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

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APLNDC00010674

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 19 of 38

1100
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magnification on a touch screen display.

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Figure 11

APLNDC00010675

u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 20 of 38

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US 7,469,381 B2

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u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

US 7,469,381 B2

Sheet 26 of 38

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u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

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US 7,469,381 B2

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u.s. Patent

Dec. 23, 2008

Sheet 38 of 38

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APLNDC00010694

US 7,469,381 B2
1

2

LIST SCROLLING AND DOCUMENT
TRANSLATION, SCALING, AND ROTATION
ON A TOUCH-SCREEN DISPLAY

to access, store and manipulate data. These conventional user
interfaces often result in complicated key sequences and
menu hierarchies that must be memorized by the user.
Many conventional user interfaces, such as those that
include physical pushbuttons, are also inflexible. This is
unfortunate because it may prevent a user interface from
being configured and/or adapted by either an application running on the portable device or by users. When coupled with
the time consuming requirement to memorize multiple key
sequences and menu hierarchies, and the difficulty in activating a desired pushbutton, such inflexibility is frustrating to
most users.
As a result of the small size of display screens on portable
electronic devices and the potentially large size of electronic
files, frequently only a portion of a list or of an electronic
document of interest to a user can be displayed on the screen
at a given time. Users thus will frequently need to scroll
displayed lists or to translate displayed electronic documents.
Users also will need to rotate and to scale (i.e., magnify or
de-magnify) displayed electronic documents. However, the
limitations of conventional user interfaces can cause these
actions to be awkward to perform.
Furthermore, scrolling displayed lists and translating electronic documents can be awkward on both portable and nonportable electronic devices with touch-screen displays. A user
may become frustrated if the scrolling or translation does not
reflect the user's intent. Similarly, a user may become frustrated ifrotation and scaling ofelectronic documents does not
reflect the user's intent.
Accordingly, there is a need for devices with touch-screen
displays with more transparent and intuitive user interfaces
for scrolling lists of items and for translating, rotating, and
scaling electronic documents that are easy to use, configure,
and/or adapt.

RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application claims priority to u.s. Provisional Patent
Application Nos. 60/937,993, "Portable Multifunction
Device," filed Jun. 29, 2007; 60/946,971, "List Scrolling and
Document Translation, Scaling, and Rotation on a TouchScreen Display," filed Jun. 28, 2007; 60/945,858, "List
Scrolling and Document Translation on a Touch-Screen Display," filed Jun. 22, 2007; 60/879,469, "Portable Multifunction Device," filed Jan. 8, 2007; 60/883,801, "List Scrolling
and Document Translation on a Touch-Screen Display," filed
Jan. 7, 2007; and 60/879,253, "Portable Multifunction
Device," filed Jan. 7, 2007. All of these applications are
incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.
This application is related to the following applications: (1)
U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/188,182, "Touch Pad For
Handheld Device," filed on Jul. 1,2002; (2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/722,948, "Touch Pad For Handheld
Device," filed on Nov. 25, 2003; (3) U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 10/643,256, "Movable Touch Pad With Added Functionality," filed on Aug. 18,2003; (4) U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 10/654,108, "Ambidextrous Mouse," filed on Sep. 2,
2003; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, "Multipoint Touchscreen," filed on May 6, 2004; (6) U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 10/903,964, "Gestures For Touch Sensitive Input Devices," filed on Jul. 30, 2004; (7) U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 111038,590, "Mode-Based Graphical
User Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices" filed on
Jan. 18,2005; (8) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 111057,
050, "Display Actuator," filed on Feb. II, 2005; (9) U.S.
Provisional Patent Application No. 60/658,777, "MultiFunctional Hand-Held Device," filed Mar. 4, 2005; (10) U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749, "Multi-Functional
Hand-Held Device," filed Mar. 3, 2006; and (11) U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/824,769, "Portable Multifunction Device," filed Sep. 6, 2006. All ofthese applications
are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

10

15

20

25

30

35

SUMMARY
40

TECHNICAL FIELD
The disclosed embodiments relate generally to devices
with touch-screen displays, and more particularly to scrolling
lists and to translating, rotating, and scaling electronic documents on devices with touch-screen displays.

45

BACKGROUND

50

As portable electronic devices become more compact, and
the number of functions performed by a given device
increases, it has become a significant challenge to design a
user interface that allows users to easily interact with a multifunction device. This challenge is particularly significant for
handheld portable devices, which have much smaller screens
than desktop or laptop computers. This situation is unfortunate because the user interface is the gateway through which
users receive not only content but also responses to user
actions or behaviors, including user attempts to access a
device's features, tools, and functions. Some portable communication devices (e.g., mobile telephones, sometimes
called mobile phones, cell phones, cellular telephones, and
the like) have resorted to adding more pushbuttons, increasing the density of push buttons, overloading the functions of
pushbuttons, or using complex menu systems to allow a user

55

60

65

The above deficiencies and other problems associated with
user interfaces for portable devices and devices with touchsensitive displays are reduced or eliminated by the disclosed
device. In some embodiments, the device has a touch-sensitive display (also known as a "touch screen") with a graphical
user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory and
one or more modules, programs or sets of instructions stored
in the memory for performing multiple functions. In some
embodiments, the user interacts with the GUI primarily
through finger contacts and gestures on the touch-sensitive
display. In some embodiments, the functions may include
telephoning, video conferencing, e-mailing, instant messaging, blogging, digital photographing, digital videoing, web
browsing, digital music playing, and/or digital video playing.
Instructions for performing these functions may be included
in a computer program product configured for execution by
one or more processors.
In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method for use in conjunction with a device with a
touch screen display is disclosed. In the method, a movement
ofan object on or near the touch screen display is detected. In
response to detecting the movement, an electronic document
displayed on the touch screen display is translated in a first
direction. If an edge of the electronic document is reached
while translating the electronic document in the first direction
while the object is still detected on or near the touch screen
display, an area beyond the edge ofthe document is displayed.
After the object is no longer detected on or near the touch

APLNDC00010695

US 7,469,381 B2

3

4

screen display, the document is translated in a second direction until the area beyond the edge of the document is no
longer displayed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user
interface on a device with a touch screen display is disclosed,
comprising a portion of an electronic document displayed on
the touch screen display and an area beyond an edge of the
document. In the graphical user interface, in response to
detecting a movement ofan 0 bj ect on or near the touch screen
display, the electronic document is translated in a first direction. If the edge of the electronic document is reached while
translating the electronic document in the first direction while
the object is still detected on or near the touch screen display,
the area beyond the edge of the document is displayed. After
the object is no longer detected on or near the touch screen
display, the document is translated in a second direction until
the area beyond the edge of the document is no longer displayed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device is disclosed, comprising a touch screen display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more
programs are stored in the memory and configured to be
executed by the one or more processors. The one or more
programs include instructions for detecting a movement ofan
object on or near the touch screen display and instructions for
translating an electronic document displayed on the touch
screen display in a first direction, in response to detecting the
movement. The one or more programs also include instructions for displaying an area beyond an edge of the electronic
document if the edge of the electronic document is reached
while translating the electronic document in the first direction
while the object is still detected on or near the touch screen
display. The one or more programs further include instructions for translating the document in a second direction until
the area beyond the edge of the document is no longer displayed, after the object is no longer detected on or near the
touch screen display.
In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-program product is disclosed, comprising a computer readable
storage medium and a computer program mechanism embedded therein. The computer program mechanism comprises
instructions, which when executed by a device with a touch
screen display, cause the device to detect a movement of an
object on or near the touch screen display and to translate an
electronic document displayed on the touch screen display in
a first direction, in response to detecting the movement. The
instructions also cause the device to display an area beyond an
edge of the electronic document if the edge of the electronic
document is reached while translating the electronic document in the first direction while the object is still detected on
or near the touch screen display. The instructions further
cause the device to translate the document in a second direction until the area beyond the edge of the document is no
longer displayed, after the object is no longer detected on or
near the touch screen display.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device with a
touch screen display is disclosed. The device comprises
means for detecting a movement of an object on or near the
touch screen display and means for translating an electronic
document displayed on the touch screen display in a first
direction, in response to detecting the movement. The device
also comprises means for displaying an area beyond an edge
ofthe electronic document if the edge ofthe electronic document is reached while translating the electronic document in
the first direction while the object is still detected on or near
the touch screen display. The device further comprises means
for translating the document in a second direction until the

area beyond the edge ofthe document is no longer displayed,
after the object is no longer detected on or near the touch
screen display.
In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method for use in conjunction with a device with a
touch screen display is disclosed. In the method, a movement
ofan object on or near the touch screen display is detected. In
response to detecting the movement, a list of items displayed
on the touch screen display is scrolled in a first direction. If a
tenninus of the list is reached while scrolling the list in the
first direction while the object is still detected on or near the
touch screen display, an area beyond the terminus ofthe list is
displayed. After the object is no longer detected on or near the
touch screen display, the list is scrolled in a second direction
opposite the first direction until the area beyond the terminus
of the list is no longer displayed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user
interface on a device with a touch screen display is disclosed,
comprising a portion of a list of items displayed on the touch
screen display and an area beyond a terminus of the list. In
response to detecting a movement of an object on or near the
touch screen display, the list is scrolled in a first direction. If
the terminus ofthe list is reached while scrolling the list in the
first direction while the object is still detected on or near the
touch screen display, the area beyond the terminus of the list
is displayed. After the object is no longer detected on or near
the touch screen display, the list is scrolled in a second direction opposite the first direction until the area beyond the
tenninus of the list is no longer displayed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device is disclosed, comprising a touch screen display, one or more processors, memory, and one or more programs. The one or more
programs are stored in the memory and configured to be
executed by the one or more processors. The one or more
programs include instructions for detecting a movement ofan
object on or near the touch screen display and instructions for
scrolling a list of items displayed on the touch screen display
in a first direction in response to detecting the movement. The
one or more programs also include instructions for displaying
an area beyond a terminus ofthe list if the tenninus ofthe list
is reached while scrolling the list in the first direction while
the object is still detected on or near the touch screen display.
The one or more programs further include instructions for
scrolling the list in a second direction opposite the first direction until the area beyond the terminus of the list is no longer
displayed, after the object is no longer detected on or near the
touch screen display.
In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-program product is disclosed, comprising a computer readable
storage medium and a computer program mechanism embedded therein. The computer program mechanism comprises
instructions, which when executed by a device with a touch
screen display, cause the device to detect a movement of an
object on or near the touch screen display and to scroll a list of
items displayed on the touch screen display in a first direction
in response to detecting the movement. The instructions also
cause the device to display an area beyond a terminus of the
list ifthe terminus ofthe list is reached while scrolling the list
in the first direction while the object is still detected on or near
the touch screen display. The instructions further cause the
device to scroll the list in a second direction opposite the first
direction until the area beyond the tenninus of the list is no
longer displayed, after the object is no longer detected on or
near the touch screen display.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device with a
touch screen display is disclosed. The device comprises
means for detecting a movement of an object on or near the

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touch screen display and means for scrolling a list of items
displayed on the touch screen display in a first direction in
response to detecting the movement. The device also comprises means for displaying an area beyond a tenninus of the
list if the terminus ofthe list is reached while scrolling the list
in the first direction while the object is still detected on or near
the touch screen display. The device further comprises means
for scrolling the list in a second direction opposite the first
direction until the area beyond the tenninus of the list is no
longer displayed, after the object is no longer detected on or
near the touch screen display.
In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method for use at a device with a touch screen display
includes detecting a multifinger twisting gesture on or near
the touch screen display. The multifinger twisting gesture has
a corresponding degree of rotation. If the corresponding
degree of rotation exceeds a predefined degree of rotation, a
90° screen rotation command is executed. If the corresponding degree of rotation is less than the predefined degree of
rotation, a screen rotation command with an acute angle of
rotation is executed and, upon ceasing to detect the multifinger twisting gesture, a screen rotation command with an angle
of rotation opposite to the acute angle is executed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device includes a
touch screen display, one or more processors, memory, and
one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored
in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or
more processors. The one or more programs include: instructions for detecting a multifinger twisting gesture on or near
the touch screen display, wherein the multifinger twisting
gesture has a corresponding degree of rotation; instructions
for executing a 90° screen rotation command, if the corresponding degree of rotation exceeds a predefined degree of
rotation; and instructions for executing a screen rotation command with an acute angle of rotation and for executing, upon
ceasing to detect the multifinger twisting gesture, a screen
rotation command with an angle of rotation opposite to the
acute angle, if the corresponding degree of rotation is less
than the predefined degree of rotation.
In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-program product includes a computer readable storage medium
and a computer program mechanism embedded therein. The
computer program mechanism includes instructions, which
when executed by a device with a touch screen display, cause
the device to: detect a multifinger twisting gesture on or near
the touch screen display, wherein the multifinger twisting
gesture has a corresponding degree of rotation; execute a 90°
screen rotation command, if the corresponding degree of
rotation exceeds a predefined degree of rotation; and execute
a screen rotation command with an acute angle of rotation
and, upon ceasing to detect the multifinger twisting gesture,
execute a screen rotation command with an angle of rotation
opposite to the acute angle, if the corresponding degree of
rotation is less than the predefined degree of rotation.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device with a
touch screen display includes: means for detecting a multifinger twisting gesture on or near the touch screen display,
wherein the multifinger twisting gesture has a corresponding
degree of rotation; means for executing a 90° screen rotation
command, if the corresponding degree of rotation exceeds a
predefined degree of rotation; and means for executing a
screen rotation command with an acute angle of rotation and,
upon ceasing to detect the multifinger twisting gesture, for
executing a screen rotation command with an angle of rotation opposite to the acute angle, if the corresponding degree
of rotation is less than the predefined degree of rotation.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method of displaying an electronic document having
a document length and a document width, for use at a device
with a touch screen display, includes displaying the electronic
document at a first magnification and detecting a gesture on or
near the touch screen display corresponding to a command to
zoom out by a user-specified amount. In response to detecting
the gesture, the electronic document is displayed at a magnification less than the first magnification. If the document
length or document width is entirely displayed while the
gesture is still detected on or near the touch screen display, the
electronic document is displayed at a magnification wherein
areas beyond opposite edges of the electronic document are
displayed, and upon detecting termination of the gesture, the
electronic document is displayed at a magnification wherein
the areas beyond opposite edges of the electronic document
are no longer displayed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user
interface on a device with a touch screen display includes an
electronic document having a document length and a document width, to be displayed on the touch screen display at
multiple magnifications including a first magnification, and
areas beyond opposite edges of the electronic document. In
response to detecting a gesture on or near the touch screen
display corresponding to a command to zoom out by a userspecified amount, wherein the gesture is detected while displaying the electronic document at the first magnification, the
electronic document is displayed at a magnification less than
the first magnification. If the document length or document
width is entirely displayed while the gesture is still detected
on or near the touch screen display, the electronic document is
displayed at a magnification wherein the areas beyond opposite edges ofthe electronic document are displayed, and upon
detecting tennination of the gesture, the electronic document
is displayed at a magnification wherein the areas beyond
opposite edges of the electronic document are no longer displayed.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device includes a
touch screen display, one or more processors, memory, and
one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored
in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or
more processors. The one or more programs include: instructions for displaying an electronic document at a first magnification; instructions for detecting a gesture on or near the
touch screen display corresponding to a command to zoom
out by a user-specified amount; instructions for displaying the
electronic document at a magnification less than the first
magnification, in response to detecting the gesture; instructions for displaying the electronic document at a magnification wherein areas beyond opposite edges of the electronic
document are displayed, if a document length or a document
width is entirely displayed while the gesture is still detected
on or near the touch screen display; and instructions for
displaying the electronic document at a magnification
wherein the areas beyond opposite edges of the electronic
document are no longer displayed, upon detecting termination of the gesture.
In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-program product includes a computer readable storage medium
and a computer program mechanism embedded therein. The
computer program mechanism includes instructions, which
when executed by a device with a touch screen display, cause
the device to: display an electronic document at a first magnification; detect a gesture on or near the touch screen display
corresponding to a command to zoom out by a user-specified
amount; display the electronic document at a magnification
less than the first magnification, in response to detecting the

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gesture; display the electronic document at a magnification
wherein areas beyond opposite edges of the electronic document are displayed, ifa document length or a document width
is entirely displayed while the gesture is still detected on or
near the touch screen display; and display the electronic
document at a magnification wherein the areas beyond opposite edges ofthe electronic document are no longer displayed,
upon detecting termination of the gesture.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device with a
touch screen display includes: means for displaying an electronic document at a first magnification; means for detecting
a gesture on or near the touch screen display corresponding to
a command to zoom out by a user-specified amount; means
for displaying the electronic document at a magnification less
than the first magnification, in response to detecting the gesture; means for displaying the electronic document at a magnification wherein areas beyond opposite edges of the electronic document are displayed, if a document length or a
document width is entirely displayed while the gesture is still
detected on or near the touch screen display; and means for
displaying the electronic document at a magnification
wherein the areas beyond opposite edges of the electronic
document are no longer displayed, upon detecting termination of the gesture.
In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-implemented method ofdisplaying an electronic document, for use
at a device with a touch screen display, includes displaying at
least a first portion of the electronic document at a first magnification and detecting a gesture on or near the touch screen
display corresponding to a command to zoom in by a userspecified amount. In response to detecting the gesture,
decreasing portions ofthe electronic document are displayed
at increasing magnifications. Upon detecting termination of
the gesture, if the magnification exceeds a predefined magnification, a respective portion of the electronic document is
displayed at the predefined magnification.
In accordance with some embodiments, a graphical user
interface on a device with a touch screen display includes
decreasing portions of an electronic document, to be displayed on the touch screen display at increasing magnifications. The decreasing portions of the electronic document
include a first portion. In response to detecting a gesture on or
near the touch screen display corresponding to a command to
zoom in by a user-specified amount, wherein the gesture is
detected while displaying at least the first portion of an electronic document at a first magnification, the decreasing portions ofthe electronic document are displayed at the increasing magnifications. Upon detecting termination of the
gesture, if the magnification exceeds a predefined magnification, a respective portion of the electronic document is displayed at the predefined magnification.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device includes a
touch screen display, one or more processors, memory, and
one or more programs. The one or more programs are stored
in the memory and configured to be executed by the one or
more processors. The one or more programs include: instructions for displaying at least a first portion of an electronic
document at a first magnification; instructions for detecting a
gesture on or near the touch screen display corresponding to
a command to zoom in by a user-specified amount; instructions for displaying decreasing portions of the electronic
document at increasing magnifications, in response to detecting the gesture; and instructions for displaying a respective
portion of the electronic document at a predefined magnification if, upon detecting termination ofthe gesture, the magnification exceeds the predefined magnification.

In accordance with some embodiments, a computer-program product includes a computer readable storage medium
and a computer program mechanism embedded therein. The
computer program mechanism includes instructions, which
when executed by a device with a touch screen display, cause
the device to: display at least a first portion of an electronic
document at a first magnification; detect a gesture on or near
the touch screen display corresponding to a command to
zoom in by a user-specified amount; display decreasing portions ofthe electronic document at increasing magnifications,
in response to detecting the gesture; and display a respective
portion of the electronic document at a predefined magnification if, upon detecting termination of the gesture, the magnification exceeds a predefined magnification.
In accordance with some embodiments, a device with a
touch screen display includes means for displaying at least a
first portion ofan electronic document at a first magnification;
means for detecting a gesture on or near the touch screen
display corresponding to a command to zoom in by a userspecified amount; means for displaying decreasing portions
of the electronic document at increasing magnifications, in
response to detecting the gesture; and means for displaying a
respective portion ofthe electronic document at a predefined
magnification if, upon detecting termination of the gesture,
the magnification exceeds the predefined magnification.
The disclosed embodiments provide for easy and intuitive
scrolling oflists and translating of electronic documents on a
device with a touch screen display, and for easy and intuitive
rotation and scaling of electronic documents on a device with
a touch screen display.

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For a better understanding of the aforementioned embodiments of the invention as well as additional embodiments
thereof, reference should be made to the Description of
Embodiments below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding
parts throughout the figures.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device with a touch-sensitive display in accordance with
some embodiments.
FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device having a
touch screen in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary user interface for unlocking
a portable electronic device in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of
applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance
with some embodiments.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method of scrolling
through a list in accordance with some embodiments.
FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate an exemplary user interface for
managing an inbox in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method oftranslating
an electronic document in accordance with some embodiments.
FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate an exemplary user interface for a
browser in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG.9 is a flow diagram illustrating a process ofdisplaying
an electronic document at multiple magnifications in accordance with some embodiments.
FIGS. lOA-lOC illustrate the display ofan electronic document at multiple magnifications in accordance with some
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FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process of displaying an electronic document at multiple magnifications in
accordance with some embodiments.
FIGS. 12A-12C illustrate the display ofan electronic document at multiple magnifications in accordance with some
embodiments.
FIGS. 13A-13C illustrate the display ofan electronic document at multiple magnifications in accordance with some
embodiments.
FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating a process ofexecuting
a screen rotation command in accordance with some embodiments.
FIGS. 15A-15E illustrate rotating the display of an electronic document or other digital object in accordance with
some embodiments.
FIGS. 16A-16F illustrate an exemplary screen rotation
gesture in accordance with some embodiments.
FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a device with a
touch-screen display in accordance with some embodiments.

device, such as the touch screen. One or more functions ofthe
touch screen as well as corresponding infonnation displayed
on the device may be adjusted and/or varied from one application to the next and/or within a respective application. In
this way, a common physical architecture (such as the touch
screen) of the device may support the variety of applications
with user interfaces that are intuitive and transparent.
The user interfaces may include one or more soft keyboard
embodiments. The soft keyboard embodiments may include
standard (QWERTY) and/or non-standard configurations of
symbols on the displayed icons ofthe keyboard, such as those
described in U.S. patent applications Ser. No. 11/459,606,
"Keyboards For Portable Electronic Devices," filed luI. 24,
2006, and Ser. No. 11/459,615, "Touch Screen Keyboards For
Portable Electronic Devices," filed luI. 24, 2006, the contents
of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety. The keyboard embodiments may include a reduced
number of icons (or soft keys) relative to the number of keys
in existing physical keyboards, such as that for a typewriter.
This may make it easier for users to select one or more icons
in the keyboard, and thus, one or more corresponding symbols. The keyboard embodiments may be adaptive. For
example, displayed icons may be modified in accordance
with user actions, such as selecting one or more icons and/or
one or more corresponding symbols. One or more applications on the portable device may utilize common and/or different keyboard embodiments. Thus, the keyboard embodiment used may be tailored to at least some ofthe applications.
In some embodiments, one or more keyboard embodiments
may be tailored to a respective user. For example, based on a
word usage history (lexicography, slang, individual usage) of
the respective user. Some ofthe keyboard embodiments may
be adjusted to reduce a probability of a user error when
selecting one or more icons, and thus one or more symbols,
when using the soft keyboard embodiments.
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of the
device. FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a portable multifunction device 100 with a touch-sensitive display 112 in
accordance with some embodiments. The touch-sensitive display 112 is sometimes called a "touch screen" for convenience. The device 100 may include a memory 102 (which
may include one or more computer readable storage mediums), a memory controller 122, one or more processing units
(CPU's) 120, a peripherals interface 118, RF circuitry 108,
audio circuitry 110, a speaker 111, a microphone 113, an
input/output (I/O) subsystem 106, other input or control
devices 116, and an external port 124. The device 100 may
include one or more optical sensors 164. These components
may communicate over one or more communication buses or
signal lines 103.
It should be appreciated that the device 100 is only one
example of a portable multifunction device 100, and that the
device 100 may have more or fewer components than shown,
may combine two or more components, or a may have a
different configuration or arrangement of the components.
The various components shown in FIG. 1 may be implemented in hardware, software or a combination of both hardware and software, including one or more signal processing
and/or application specific integrated circuits.
Memory 102 may include high-speed random access
memory and may also include non-volatile memory, such as
one or more magnetic disk storage devices, flash memory
devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices.
Access to memory 102 by other components of the device
100, such as the CPU 120 and the peripherals interface 118,
may be controlled by the memory controller 122.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments,
examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific
details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to
one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may
be practiced without these specific details. In other instances,
well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and
networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.
Embodiments of a portable multifunction device, user
interfaces for such devices, and associated processes for
using such devices are described. In some embodiments, the
device is a portable communications device such as a mobile
telephone that also contains other functions, such as PDA
and/or music player functions.
The user interface may include a physical click wheel in
addition to a touch screen or a virtual click wheel displayed on
the touch screen. A click wheel is a user-interface device that
may provide navigation commands based on an angular displacement ofthe wheel or a point ofcontact with the wheel by
a user ofthe device. A click wheel may also be used to provide
a user command corresponding to selection of one or more
items, for example, when the user ofthe device presses down
on at least a portion of the wheel or the center of the wheel.
Alternatively, breaking contact with a click wheel image on a
touch screen surface may indicate a user command corresponding to selection. For simplicity, in the discussion that
follows, a portable multifunction device that includes a touch
screen is used as an exemplary embodiment. It should be
understood, however, that some of the user interfaces and
associated processes may be applied to other devices, such as
personal computers and laptop computers, that may include
one or more other physical user-interface devices, such as a
physical click wheel, a physical keyboard, a mouse and/or a
joystick.
The device supports a variety of applications, such as a
telephone application, a video conferencing application, an
e-mail application.aninstant messaging application, a blogging application, a digital camera application, a digital video
camera application, a web browsing application, a digital
music player application, and/or a digital video player application.
The various applications that may be executed on the
device may use at least one common physical user-interface

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The peripherals interface 118 couples the input and output
peripherals of the device to the CPU 120 and memory 102.
The one or more processors 120 run or execute various software programs and/or sets of instructions stored in memory
102 to perform various functions for the device 100 and to
process data.
In some embodiments, the peripherals interface 118, the
CPU 120, and the memory controller 122 may be implemented on a single chip, such as a chip 104. In some other
embodiments, they may be implemented on separate chips.
The RF (radio frequency) circuitry 108 receives and sends
RF signals, also called electromagnetic signals. The RF circuitry 108 converts electrical signals to/from electromagnetic
signals and communicates with communications networks
and other communications devices via the electromagnetic
signals. The RF circuitry 108 may include well-known circuitry for performing these functions, including but not limited to an antenna system, an RF transceiver, one or more
amplifiers, a tuner, one or more oscillators, a digital signal
processor, a CODEC chipset, a subscriber identity module
(SIM) card, memory, and so forth. The RF circuitry 108 may
communicate with networks, such as the Internet, also
referred to as the World Wide Web (WWW), an intranet
and/or a wireless network, such as a cellular telephone network, a wireless local area network (LAN) and/or a metropolitan area network (MAN), and other devices by wireless
communication. The wireless communication may use any of
a plurality of communications standards, protocols and technologies, including but not limited to Global System for
Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data GSM Environment (EDGE), wideband code division multiple access
(W-CDMA), code division multiple access (CDMA), time
division multiple access (TDMA), Bluetooth, Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) (e.g., IEEE 802.lla, IEEE 802.llb, IEEE 802.llg
and/or IEEE 802.1 In), voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP),
Wi-MAX, a protocol for email, instant messaging, and/or
Short Message Service (SMS)), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not
yet developed as of the filing date of this document.
The audio circuitry 110, the speaker 111, and the microphone 113 provide an audio interface between a user and the
device 100. The audio circuitry 110 receives audio data from
the peripherals interface 118, converts the audio data to an
electrical signal, and transmits the electrical signal to the
speaker 111. The speaker 111 converts the electrical signal to
human-audible sound waves. The audio circuitry 110 also
receives electrical signals converted by the microphone 113
from sound waves. The audio circuitry 110 converts the electrical signal to audio data and transmits the audio data to the
peripherals interface 118 for processing. Audio data may be
retrieved from and/or transmitted to memory 102 and/or the
RF circuitry 108 by the peripherals interface 118. In some
embodiments, the audio circuitry 110 also includes a headset
jack (not shown). The headset jack provides an interface
between the audio circuitry 110 and removable audio input/
output peripherals, such as output-only headphones or a headset with both output (e.g., a headphone for one or both ears)
and input (e.g., a microphone).
The I/O subsystem 106 couples input/output peripherals on
the device 100, such as the display system 112 and other
input/control devices 116, to the peripherals interface 118.
The I/O subsystem 106 may include a display controller 156
and one or more input controllers 160 for other input or
control devices. The one or more input controllers 160
receive/send electrical signals from/to other input or control
devices 116. The other input/control devices 116 may include
physical buttons (e.g., push buttons, rocker buttons, etc.),

dials, slider switches, joysticks, click wheels, and so forth. In
some alternate embodiments, input controller(s) 160 may be
coupled to any (or none) of the following: a keyboard, infrared port, USB port, and a pointer device such as a mouse. The
one or more buttons (e.g., 208, FIG. 2) may include an
up/down button for volume control of the speaker 111 and/or
the microphone 113. The one or more buttons may include a
push button (e.g., 206, FIG. 2). A quick press of the push
button may disengage a lock ofthe touch screen 112 or begin
a process that uses gestures on the touch screen to unlock the
device, as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
11/322,549, "Unlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on
an Unlock Image," filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is hereby
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. A longer press
of the push button (e.g., 206) may turn power to the device
100 on or off. The user may be able to customize a functionality of one or more of the buttons. The touch screen 112 is
used to implement virtual or soft buttons and one or more soft
keyboards.
The touch-sensitive display system 112 provides an input
interface and an output interface between the device and a
user. The display controller 156 receives and/or sends electrical signals from/to the display system 112. The display
system 112 displays visual output to the user. The visual
output may include graphics, text, icons, video, and any combination thereof (collectively termed "graphics"). In some
embodiments, some or all of the visual output may correspond to user-interface objects, further details of which are
described below.
A touch screen in display system 112 is a touch-sensitive
surface that accepts input from the user based on haptic and/or
tactile contact. The display system 112 and the display controller 156 (along with any associated modules and/or sets of
instructions in memory 102) detect contact (and any movement or breaking of the contact) on the display system 112
and converts the detected contact into interaction with userinterface objects (e.g., one or more soft keys, icons, web
pages or images) that are displayed on the touch screen. In an
exemplary embodiment, a point of contact between a touch
screen in the display system 112 and the user corresponds to
a finger of the user.
The touch screen in the display system 112 may use LCD
(liquid crystal display) technology, or LPD (light emitting
polymer display) technology, although other display technologies may be used in other embodiments. The touch
screen in the display system 112 and the display controller
156 may detect contact and any movement or breaking
thereof using any of a plurality oftouch sensing technologies
now known or later developed, including but not limited to
capacitive, resistive, infrared, and surface acoustic wave technologies, as well as other proximity sensor arrays or other
elements for determining one or more points of contact with
a touch screen in the display system 112. A touch-sensitive
display in some embodiments ofthe display system 112 may
be analogous to the multi-touch sensitive tablets described in
the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,323,846 (Westerman et al.),
6,570,557 (Westerman et al.), and/or 6,677,932 (Westerman),
and/or U.S. Patent Publication 2002/0015024AI, each of
which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in their
entirety. However, a touch screen in the display system 112
displays visual output from the portable device 100, whereas
touch sensitive tablets do not provide visual output. The touch
screen in the display system 112 may have a resolution in
excess of 100 dpi. In an exemplary embodiment, the touch
screen in the display system has a resolution ofapproximately
168 dpi. The user may make contact with the touch screen in
the display system 112 using any suitable object or append-

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age, such as a stylus, a finger, and so forth. In some embodiments, the user interface is designed to work primarily with
finger-based contacts and gestures, which are much less precise than stylus-based input due to the larger area ofcontact of
a finger on the touch screen. In some embodiments, the device
translates the rough finger-based input into a precise pointer!
cursor position or command for performing the actions
desired by the user.
A touch-sensitive display in some embodiments of the
display system 112 may be as described in the following
applications: (I) u.s. patent application Ser. No. 11/381,313,
"Multipoint Touch Surface Controller," filed on May 2,2006;
(2) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/840,862, "Multipoint
Touchscreen," filed on May 6, 2004; (3) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/903,964, "Gestures For Touch Sensitive
Input Devices," filed on Jul. 30, 2004; (4) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/048,264, "Gestures For Touch Sensitive
Input Devices," filed on Jan. 31, 2005; (5) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/038,590, "Mode-Based Graphical User
Interfaces For Touch Sensitive Input Devices," filed on Jan.
18,2005; (6) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/228,758,
"Virtual Input Device Placement On A Touch Screen User
Interface," filed on Sep. 16,2005; (7) U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 11/228,700, "Operation Of A Computer With A
Touch Screen Interface," filed on Sep. 16, 2005; (8) U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 11/228,737, "Activating Virtual
Keys OfA Touch-Screen Virtual Keyboard," filed on Sep. 16,
2005; and (9) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/367,749,
"Multi-Functional Hand-Held Device," filed on Mar. 3, 2006.
All ofthese applications are incorporated by reference herein
in their entirety.
In some embodiments, in addition to the touch screen, the
device 100 may include a touchpad (not shown) for activating
or deactivating particular functions. In some embodiments,
the touchpad is a touch-sensitive area of the device that,
unlike the touch screen, does not display visual output. The
touchpad may be a touch-sensitive surface that is separate
from the touch screen in the display system 112 or an extension of the touch-sensitive surface formed by the touch
screen.
In some embodiments, the device 100 may include a physicalor virtual click wheel as an input control device 116. A
user may navigate among and interact with one or more
graphical objects (henceforth referred to as icons) displayed
in the display system 112 by rotating the click wheel or by
moving a point ofcontact with the click wheel (e.g., where the
amount ofmovement ofthe point ofcontact is measured by its
angular displacement with respect to a center point of the
click wheel). The click wheel may also be used to select one
or more of the displayed icons. For example, the user may
press down on at least a portion of the click wheel or an
associated button. User commands and navigation commands
provided by the user via the click wheel may be processed by
an input controller 160 as well as one or more ofthe modules
and/or sets of instructions in memory 102. For a virtual click
wheel, the click wheel and click wheel controller may be part
of the display system 112 and the display controller 156,
respectively. For a virtual click wheel, the click wheel may be
either an opaque or semitransparent object that appears and
disappears on the touch screen display in response to user
interaction with the device. In some embodiments, a virtual
click wheel is displayed on the touch screen of a portable
multifunction device and operated by user contact with the
touch screen.
The device 100 also includes a power system 162 for powering the various components. The power system 162 may
include a power management system, one or more power

sources (e.g., battery, alternating current (AC)), a recharging
system, a power failure detection circuit, a power converter or
inverter, a power status indicator (e.g., a light-emitting diode
(LED)) and any other components associated with the generation, management and distribution of power in portable
devices.
The device 100 may also include one or more optical
sensors 164. FIG. 1 shows an optical sensor coupled to an
optical sensor controller 158 in I/O subsystem 106. The optical sensor 164 may include charge-coupled device (CCD) or
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) phototransistors. The optical sensor 164 receives light from the
environment, projected through one or more lens, and converts the light to data representing an image. In conjunction
with an imaging module 143, the optical sensor 164 may
capture still images or video. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the back of the device 100, opposite
the touch screen display 112 on the front ofthe device, so that
the touch screen display may be used as a viewfinder for
either still and/or video image acquisition. In some embodiments, an optical sensor is located on the front ofthe device so
that the user's image may be obtained for videoconferencing
while the user views the other video conference participants
on the touch screen display. In some embodiments, the position ofthe optical sensor 164 can be changed by the user (e.g.,
by rotating the lens and the sensor in the device housing) so
that a single optical sensor 164 may be used along with the
touch screen display for both video conferencing and still
and/or video image acquisition.
The device 100 may also include one or more proximity
sensors 166. FIG. 1 shows a proximity sensor 166 coupled to
the peripherals interface 118. Alternately, the proximity sensor 166 may be coupled to an input controller 160 in the I/O
subsystem 106. The proximity sensor 166 may perform as
described in U.S. patent application Ser. Nos. 11/241,839,
"Proximity Detector In Handheld Device," filed Sep. 30,
2005, and 11/240,788, "Proximity Detector In Handheld
Device," filed Sep. 30, 2005, which are hereby incorporated
by reference herein in their entirety. In some embodiments,
the proximity sensor turns off and disables the touch screen
112 when the multifunction device is placed near the user's
ear (e.g., when the user is making a phone call). In some
embodiments, the proximity sensor keeps the screen offwhen
the device is in the user's pocket, purse, or other dark area to
prevent uunecessary battery drainage when the device is a
locked state.
In some embodiments, the software components stored in
memory 102 may include an operating system 126, a communication module (or set of instructions) 128, a contact/
motion module (or set ofinstructions) 130, a graphics module
(or set of instructions) 132, a text input module (or set of
instructions) 134, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module
(or set ofinstructions) 135, and applications (or set ofinstructions) 136.
The operating system 126 (e.g., Darwin, RTXC, LINUX,
UNIX, OS X, WINDOWS, or an embedded operating system
such as VxWorks) includes various software components
and/or drivers for controlling and managing general system
tasks (e.g., memory management, storage device control,
power management, etc.) and facilitates communication
between various hardware and software components.
The communication module 128 facilitates communication with other devices over one or more external ports 124
and also includes various software components for handling
data received by the RF circuitry 108 and/or the external port
124. The external port 124 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB),
FIREWIRE, etc.) is adapted for coupling directly to other

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devices or indirectly over a network (e.g., the Intemet, wireless LAN, etc.). In some embodiments, the extemal port is a
multi-pin (e.g., 3D-pin) connector that is the same as, or
similar to and/or compatible with the 3D-pin connector used
on iPod (trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.) devices.
The contact/motion module 130 may detect contact with
the touch screen in the display system 112 (in conjunction
with the display controller 156) and other touch sensitive
devices (e.g., a touchpad or physical click wheel). The contact/motion module 130 includes various software components for perfonning various operations related to detection
ofcontact, such as determining ifcontact has occurred, determining if there is movement of the contact and tracking the
movement across the touch screen in the display system 112,
and determining if the contact has been broken (i.e., if the
contact has ceased). Determining movement of the point of
contact may include detennining speed (magnitude), velocity
(magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (a change
in magnitude and/or direction) of the point of contact. These
operations may be applied to single contacts (e.g., one finger
contacts) or to multiple simultaneous contacts (e.g., "multitouch"/multiple finger contacts). In some embodiments, the
contact/motion module 130 and the display controller 156
also detects contact on a touchpad. In some embodiments, the
contact/motion module 130 detects movement ofone or more
objects on or near the touch screen and/or the touchpad. In
some embodiments, the contact/motion module 130 and the
controller 160 detects contact on a click wheel 116.
The graphics module 132 includes various known software
components for rendering and displaying graphics on the
display system 112, including components for changing the
intensity of graphics that are displayed. As used herein, the
term "graphics" includes any object that can be displayed to
a user, including without limitation text, web pages, icons
(such as user-interface objects including soft keys), digital
images, videos, animations and the like.
The text input module 134, which may be a component of
graphics module 132, provides soft keyboards for entering
text in various applications (e.g., contacts 137, e-maiI140.IM
141, blogging 142, browser 147, and any other application
that needs text input).
The GPS module 135 determines the location ofthe device
and provides this infonnation for use in various applications
(e.g., to telephone 138 for use in location-based dialing, to
camera 143 and/or blogger 142 as picture/video metadata,
and to applications that provide location-based services such
as weather widgets, local yellow page widgets, and map/
navigation widgets).
The applications 136 may include the following modules
(or sets of instructions), or a subset or superset thereof:
a contacts module 137 (sometimes called an address book
or contact list);
a telephone module 138;
a video conferencing module 139;
an e-mail client module 140;
an instant messaging (1M) module 141;
a blogging module 142;
a camera module 143 for still and/or video images;
an image management module 144;
a video player module 145;
a music player module 146;
a browser module 147;
a calendar module 148;
widget modules 149, which may include weather widget
149-1, stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3,

alarm clock widget 149-4, dictionary widget 149-5, and
other widgets obtained by the user, as well as usercreated widgets 149-6;
widget creator module 150 for making user-created widgets 149-6; and/or search module lSI.
Examples of other applications 136 that may be stored in
memory 102 include memo pad and other word processing
applications, JAVA-enabled applications, encryption, digital
rights management, voice recognition, and voice replication.
In conjunction with display system 112, display controller
156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and text input
module 134, the contacts module 137 may be used to manage
an address book or contact list, including: adding name(s) to
the address book; deleting name(s) from the address book;
associating telephone number(s), e-mail addressees), physical address(es) or other infonnation with a name; associating
an image with a name; categorizing and sorting names; providing telephone numbers or e-mail addresses to initiate and/
or facilitate commnnications by telephone 138, video conference 139, e-mail 140, or 1M 141; and so forth.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110,
speaker 111, microphone 113, display system 112, display
controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
and text input module 134, the telephone module 138 may be
used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to a
telephone number, access one or more telephone numbers in
the address book 137, modifY a telephone number that has
been entered, dial a respective telephone number, conduct a
conversation and disconnect or hang up when the conversation is completed. As noted above, the wireless commnnication may use any of a plurality of communications standards,
protocols and technologies.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, audio circuitry 110,
speaker 111, microphone 113, display system 112, display
controller 156, optical sensor 164, optical sensor controller
158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input
module 134, contact list 137, and telephone module 138, the
videoconferencing module 139 may be used to initiate, conduct, and tenninate a video conference between a user and
one or more other participants.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module
132, and text input module 134, the e-mail client module 140
may be used to create, send, receive, and manage e-mail. In
conjunction with image management module 144, the e-mail
module 140 makes it very easy to create and send e-mails with
still or video images taken with camera module 143.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module
132, and text input module 134, the instant messaging module
141 may be used to enter a sequence of characters corresponding to an instant message, to modifY previously entered
characters, to transmit a respective instant message (for
example, using a Short Message Service (SMS) or Multimedia Message Service (MMS) protocol), to receive instant
messages and to view received instant messages. In some
embodiments, transmitted and/or received instant messages
may include graphics, photos, audio files, video files and/or
other attachments as are supported in a MMS and/or an
Enhanced Messaging Service (EMS).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, display system 112,
display controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module
132, text input module 134, image management module 144,
and browsing module 147, the blogging module 142 may be
used to send text, still images, video, and/or other graphics to
a blog (e.g., the user's blog).

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In conjunction with display system 112, display controller
156, optical sensor(s) 164, optical sensor controller 158, contact module 130, graphics module 132, and image management module 144, the camera module 143 may be used to
capture still images or video (including a video stream) and
store them into memory 102, modify characteristics of a still
image or video, or delete a still image or video from memory
102.
In conjunction with display system 112, display controller
156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, text input
module 134, and camera module 143, the image management
module 144 may be used to arrange, modify or otherwise
manipulate, label, delete, present (e.g., in a digital slide show
or album), and store still and/or video images.
In conjunction with display system 112, display controller
156, contact module 130, graphics module 132, audio circuitry 110, and speaker 111, the video player module 145 may
be used to display, present or otherwise play back videos (e.g.,
on the touch screen or on an external, connected display via
external port 124).
In conjunction with display system 112, display system
controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
audio circuitry 110, speaker 111, RF circuitry 108, and
browser module 147, the music player module 146 allows the
user to download and play back recorded music and other
sound files stored in one or more file formats, such as MP3 or
AAC files. In some embodiments, the device 100 may include
the functionality of an MP3 player, such as an iPod (trademark of Apple Computer, Inc.).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics
module 132, and text input module 134, the browser module
147 may be used to browse the Internet, including searching,
linking to, receiving, and displaying web pages or portions
thereof, as well as attachments and other files linked to web
pages.
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics
module 132, text input module 134, e-mail module 140, and
browser module 147, the calendar module 148 may be used to
create, display, modifY, and store calendars and data associated with calendars (e.g., calendar entries, to do lists, etc.).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics
module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147,
the widget modules 149 are mini-applications that may be
downloaded and used by a user (e.g., weather widget 149-1,
stocks widget 149-2, calculator widget 149-3, alarm clock
widget 149-4, and dictionary widget 149-5) or created by the
user (e.g., user-created widget 149-6). In some embodiments,
a widget includes an HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
file, a CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) file, and a JavaScript file.
In some embodiments, a widget includes anXML (Extensible
Markup Language) file and a JavaScript file (e.g., Yahoo!
Widgets).
In conjunction with RF circuitry 108, display system 112,
display system controller 156, contact module 130, graphics
module 132, text input module 134, and browser module 147,
the widget creator module 150 may be used by a user to create
widgets (e.g., turning a user-specified portion of a web page
into a widget).
In conjunction with display system 112, display system
controller 156, contact module 130, graphics module 132,
and text input module 134, the search module 151 may be
used to search for text, music, sound, image, video, and/or
other files in memory 102 that match one or more search
criteria (e.g., one or more user-specified search terms).

Each ofthe above identified modules and applications correspond to a set of instructions for performing one or more
functions described above. These modules (i.e., sets of
instructions) need not be implemented as separate software
programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of
these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in
various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 102
may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 102 may store additional
modules and data structures not described above.
In some embodiments, the device 100 is a device where
operation of a predefined set of fnnctions on the device is
performed exclusively through a touch screen in the display
system 112 and/or a touchpad. By using a touch screen and/or
a touchpad as the primary input/control device for operation
of the device 100, the number of physical input/control
devices (such as push buttons, dials, and the like) on the
device 100 may be reduced.
The predefined set of functions that may be performed
exclusively through a touch screen and/or a touchpad
includes navigation between user interfaces. In some embodiments' the touchpad, when touched by the user, navigates the
device 100 to a main, home, or root menu from any user
interface that may be displayed on the device 100. In such
embodiments, the touchpad may be referred to as a "menu
button." In some other embodiments, the menu button may be
a physical push button or other physical input/control device
instead of a touchpad.
FIG. 2 illustrates a portable multifunction device 100 having a touch screen 112 in accordance with some embodiments. The touch screen may display one or more graphics. In
this embodiment, as well as others described below, a user
may select one or more of the graphics by making contact or
touching the graphics, for example, with one or more fingers
202 (not drawn to scale in the figure). In some embodiments,
selection ofone or more graphics occurs when the user breaks
contact with the one or more graphics. In some embodiments,
the contact may include a gesture, such as one or more taps,
one or more swipes (from left to right, right to left, upward
and/or downward) and/or a rolling of a finger (from right to
left, left to right, upward and/or downward) that has made
contact with the device 100. In some embodiments, inadvertent contact with a graphic may not select the graphic. For
example, a swipe gesture that sweeps over an application icon
may not select the corresponding application when the gesture corresponding to selection is a tap.
The device 100 may also include one or more physical
buttons, such as "home" or menu button 204. As described
previously, the menu button 204 may be used to navigate to
any application 136 in a set of applications that may be
executed on the device 100. Alternatively, in some embodiments, the menu button is implemented as a soft key in a GVI
in touch screen 112.
In one embodiment, the device 100 includes a touch screen
112, a menu button 204, a push button 206 for powering the
device on/off and locking the device, and volume adjustment
button(s) 208. The push button 206 may be used to tum the
power on/off on the device by depressing the button and
holding the button in the depressed state for a predefined time
interval; to lock the device by depressing the button and
releasing the button before the predefined time interval has
elapsed; and/or to unlock the device or initiate an unlock
process. In an alternative embodiment, the device 100 also
may accept verbal input for activation or deactivation of some
functions through the microphone 113.
Attention is now directed towards embodiments of user
interfaces ("VI") and associated processes that may be imple-

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mented on a portable multifunction device 100 and/or on a
device 1700 with a touch-screen display (FIG. 17).
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary user interface for unlocking
a portable electronic device in accordance with some embodiments. In some embodiments, user interface 300 includes the
following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
Vnlock image 302 that is moved with a finger gesture to
unlock the device;
Arrow 304 that provides a visual cue to the unlock gesture;
Chaunel 306 that provides additional cues to the unlock
gesture;
Time 308;
Day 310;
Date 312; and
Wallpaper image 314.
In some embodiments, the device detects contact with the
touch-sensitive display (e.g., a user's finger making contact
on or near the unlock image 302) while the device is in a
user-interface lock state. The device moves the unlock image
302 in accordance with the contact. The device transitions to
a user-interface unlock state if the detected contact corresponds to a predefined gesture, such as moving the unlock
image across channel 306. Conversely, the device maintains
the user-interface lock state if the detected contact does not
correspond to the predefined gesture. As noted above, processes that use gestures on the touch screen to unlock the
device are described in u.s. patent application Ser. No.
11/322,549, "Vnlocking a Device by Performing Gestures on
an Vnlock Image," filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is hereby
incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary user interface for a menu of
applications on a portable multifunction device in accordance
with some embodiments. In some embodiments, user interface 400 includes the following elements, or a subset or
superset thereof:
Signal strength indicator 402 for wireless communication;
Time 404;
Battery status indicator 406;
Tray 408 with icons for frequently used applications, such
as one or more of the following:
Phone 138;
E-mail client 140, which may include an indicator 41 0 of
the number of unread e-mails;
Browser 147; and
Music player 146; and
Icons for other applications, such as one or more of the
following:
1M 141;
Image management 144;
Camera 143;
Video player 145;
Weather 149-1;
Stocks 149-2;
Blog 142;
Calendar 148;
Calculator 149-3;
Alann clock 149-4;
Dictionary 149-5; and
Vser-created widget 149-6.
In some embodiments, VI 400 displays all of the available
applications 136 on one screen so that there is no need to
scroll through a list ofapplications (e.g., via a scroll bar or via
a swipe gesture). In some embodiments, as the number of
applications increases, the icons corresponding to the applications may decrease in size so that all applications may be
displayed on a single screen without scrolling. In some
embodiments, having all applications on one screen and a

menu button enables a user to access any desired application
with at most two inputs, such as activating the menu button
204 and then activating the desired application (e.g., by a tap
or other finger gesture on the icon corresponding to the application).
In some embodiments, VI 400 provides integrated access
to both widget-based applications and non-widget-based
applications. In some embodiments, all of the widgets,
whether user-created or not, are displayed in VI 400. In other
embodiments, activating the icon for user-created widget
149-6 may lead to another VI (not shown) that contains the
user-created widgets or icons corresponding to the user-created widgets.
In some embodiments, a user may rearrange the icons in VI
400, e.g., using processes described in U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 11/459,602, "Portable Electronic Device With Interface Reconfiguration Mode," filed luI. 24, 2006, which is
hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. For
example, a user may move application icons in and out oftray
408 using finger gestures.
In some embodiments, VI 400 includes a gauge (not
shown) that displays an updated account usage metric for an
account associated with usage of the device (e.g., a cellular
phone account), as described in U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 11/322,552, "Account Infonnation Display For Portable
Communication Device," filed Dec. 23, 2005, which is
hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
As discussed above, VI 400 may display all ofthe available
applications 136 on one screen so that there is no need to
scroll through a list of applications. However, in some
embodiments a touch-sensitive display may include a GVI
with one or more windows that display only a portion of a list
of items (e.g., infonnation items) or of an electronic document. In response to detecting a movement of an object on or
near the touch-sensitive display, the list may be scrolled or the
electronic document may be translated. Detecting the movement of the object may include determining speed (magnitude), velocity (magnitude and direction), and/or an acceleration (including magnitude and/or direction) of the object.
Scrolling through the list or translating the document may be
accelerated in response to an accelerated movement of the
object. In some embodiments, the scrolling and acceleration
of the scrolling, or translation and acceleration of the translation, may be in accordance with a simulation of a physical
device having friction, i.e., damped motion. For example, the
scrolling or translation may correspond to a simulation of a
force law or equation ofmotion having a mass or inertial term,
as well as a dissipative term. In some embodiments, the
simulation may correspond to a cylinder rotating about its
aXIs.
In some embodiments, accelerated movement of the
detected object may include an accelerated movement of a
point ofcontact followed by a breaking ofthe point ofcontact.
For example, the user may make contact with the touchsensitive display, swipe or sweep one or more of his or her
fingers along the display (i.e., move and/or accelerate the
point of contact), and optionally, break the point of contact
with the display, i.e., move the one or more fingers away from
the display. The swipe or sweep may be along a predefined
axis of the touch-sensitive display or may be within a predetennined angle of a predefined direction on the touch-sensitive display. In other embodiments, the accelerated movement of the point of contact may include a first user gesture
oriented along a predefined axis ofthe touch-sensitive display
or oriented within a predetennined angle of a predefined
direction on the touch-sensitive display.

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Scrolling through the list of items or translating the electronic document may be further accelerated in response to
detection of a second movement of an object on or near the
touch-sensitive display, such as a second sweeping motion of
the point of contact along the predefined axis or within the
predetermined angle of a predefined direction on the touchsensitive display and/or a second user gesture oriented along
the predefined axis or within the predetermined angle of a
predefined direction on the touch-sensitive display. For
example, the user may swipe one or more ofhis or her fingers
along the touch-sensitive display two or more times.
The scrolling through the list of items or the translation of
the electronic document may be stopped in accordance with
the user breaking the point of contact and then establishing a
substantially stationary point of contact with the touch-sensitive display for at least a pre-determined period oftime. For
example, after swiping one or more of his or her fingers along
the touch-sensitive display and breaking the point of contact,
the user may touch the display and hold the one or more
fingers that are touching the display stationary (or approximately stationary) for one or more seconds, or fractions of a
second.
The direction of scrolling or translation may be reversed in
response to intersecting a virtual boundary corresponding to
a terminus of the list or an edge of the electronic document.
The scrolling reversal or translation reversal may correspond
to a damped motion. For example, during scrolling, a displayed portion ofthe list ofitems may appear to bounce offof
a boundary ofthe window in the touch-sensitive display when
a beginning or an end ofthe list ofitems is reached. Similarly,
during translation, a displayed portion ofthe electronic document may appear to bounce off of a boundary of the window
in the touch-sensitive display when an edge of the document
is reached. The apparent bounce may correspond to a simulation of a viscous or elastic ball having momentum in a first
direction striking an immovable and/or inelastic object, such
as a wall. The subsequent motion ofthe document (the motion
of which corresponds to the ball in the aforementioned analogy) may be damped, for example, by including a friction or
dissipative term in the simulation. A parameter corresponding
to the friction term in the simulation may be adjustable,
allowing the document to reach equilibrium in contact with
the virtual boundary, or displaced from the virtual boundary.
In some embodiments movement ofthe point ofcontact by
the user over an index on the touch-sensitive display may be
determined. In some embodiments, the index may be displayed in a first region or a first window ofthe touch-sensitive
display while the list ofitems or information items during the
scrolling may be displayed in a second region or a second
window of the touch-sensitive display. The displayed index
may have a sequence ofindex items. In an exemplary embodiment, the sequence of index items may include letters in the
alphabet, i.e., the index may include an alphabetical index.
The list of information items may include an alphabetically
ordered list of information items. The alphabetically ordered
list ofinformation items may include contact information, for
example, in a user's contact list or address book.
In response to movement ofthe user's point ofcontact over
a displayed index, the list of information items on the touchsensitive display may be scrolled. The list of information
items may include a sequence of information item subsets
corresponding to the sequence of index items. The subsets
may include one or more categories. For example, a respective category may include contact information for one or
more individuals whose first and/or last names begin with one
or more respective letters, such as the letter's'. In an exemplary embodiment, there is a subset corresponding to each

letter in the alphabet that has one or more entries. In some
embodiments, the scrolling may be in accordance with a
simulation of an equation of motion having friction.
The scrolling may include scrolling through a respective
information item subset if the point of contact moves over a
corresponding respective index item in the index items. The
scrolling may have an associated scroll speed based on a
speed ofmovement ofthe point of contact over the respective
index item and the number of items in the information item
subset corresponding to the respective index item. For
example, the scroll speed may be faster for subsets that have
more entries than subsets with fewer entries. The scrolling
may include scrolling through all items in a plurality of the
information item subsets in response to the point of contact
moving over the corresponding index items in the displayed
index.
If it is determined that the point of contact with the index
corresponds to a respective index item in the index, the list of
information items may be scrolled to a corresponding subset
of the list of information items. For example, if the user
selects an index item, such as the letter 'R', in the set of index
symbols, the list of items may be smoothly scrolled to the
corresponding subset for the letter 'R' in the list of items.
Alternatively, the displayed list of information items jump
directly from a current scroll position to a scroll position in
which information items corresponding to the index item' R'
are displayed.
In the present document, the term "if' may be construed to
mean "when," or "upon," or "in response to determining," or
"in response to detecting," depending on the context Similarly, the phrase "if it is determined" or "if [a stated condition
or event] is detected" may be construed to mean "upon determining" or "in response to determining" or "upon detecting"
the stated condition or event, or "in response to detecting" the
stated condition or event, depending on the context.
If the point of contact with the touch-sensitive display
corresponds to a user selection of a respective information
item in the list ofinformation items, information corresponding to the respective information item may be displayed on
the touch-sensitive display. For example, if the user selects a
respective name, the corresponding contact information may
be displayed.
While scrolling through respective information subsets, an
index symbol may displayed in conjunction with each respective information item subset. In some embodiments, respective index symbols may be displayed adjacent to corresponding subsets (such as displayed text) of the list of information
items. In some embodiments, a respective index symbol may
be displayed at an upper edge of a window containing the
displayed text of the respective information item subset.
The index symbol corresponding to a respective information subset may be translucently displayed over the respective
information item subset. The translucently displayed index
symbol may have a different font color than that used to
display text in the information item subset, and/or it may be
displayed using a larger font than the font used to display text
in the information item subset.
If the list of information items contains no items for a
particular index symbol, i.e., no entries for a particular subset,
a first index symbol preceding a particular index symbol and
a second index symbol following the index symbol may be
displayed in conjunction with scrolling through the list of
information items from the information subset corresponding
to the first index symbol to the information subset corresponding to the second index symbol. The particular index
symbol may not be displayed in conjunction with the displayed text of the list of information items during the scroll

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through. For example, display of a respective index symbol
may be skipped when the list ofinformation items contains no
items for the particular index symbol.
In some embodiments, the list scrolling described here
operates without displaying a scroll bar. Similarly, in some
embodiments, the translation of electronic documents
described here operates without displaying scroll bars. The
user's sweeping motion on the touch-sensitive display operation may be perfonned directly on top of the displayed list or
displayed electronic document, and may include a sweeping
or gliding motion, near or in contact with the display's surface, along a path anywhere within a display window in which
the list or electronic document is displayed. While a scroll bar
could potentially be displayed in conjunction with the displayed list, the scrolling or translation described here can be
independent of any such scroll bar. In some embodiments, if
a scroll bar is used, then an upward movement of a point of
contact on the scroll bar may cause earlier entries in the list to
be displayed, whereas a downward movement of the point of
contact on the scroll bar may cause later entries in the list to be
displayed.
In some embodiments, scrolling or translation may be in
accordance with a speed of movement of a detected object,
such as a speed of movement of a point of contact. The speed
may be a time average of values determined during several
time intervals. In an exemplary embodiment, the speed,
velocity and/or acceleration may be determined over five time
intervals, where a respective time interval corresponds to an
inverse ofa frame rate, such as 0.0167 s, ofa display. In some
embodiments, the speed, velocity and/or acceleration may be
determined even when a variable frame rate is used, such as
when one or more frames are skipped or not displayed. In
these embodiments, the speed, velocity, and/or acceleration
may be detennined two or more times for the respective time
interval and/or may be projected based on values determined
in a preceding and/or a subsequent time interval.
In some embodiments, the scrolling or translation after a
user optionally breaks the contact may be in accordance with
the change in the acceleration and the speed or the velocity in
one or more time intervals prior to the breaking ofthe contact.
For example, the velocity vfof scrolling or translation one or
more time intervals after breaking contact may be determined
using

In response to detecting the movement, a list of items
displayed on the touch screen display is scrolled in a first
direction (504). In some embodiments, the list is a list of
email messages.asillustrated in FIGS. 6A-6D. In some
embodiments, the list of items is a list of instant message
conversations, a list of favorite phone numbers, a list of contact infonnation (sometimes called a contact list or address
book list), a list oflabels, a list of email folders.alist ofemail
addresses, a list ofphysical addresses, a list ofringtones, a list
of album names, or a list of bookmarks. In some embodiments, the first direction is a vertical direction; in some other
embodiments, the first direction is a horizontal direction. In
some embodiments, scrolling the list in the first direction
prior to reaching a tenninus of the list has an associated
scrolling speed corresponding to a speed of movement of the
object (506). In some embodiments, the list is scrolled in
accordance with a simulation ofan equation ofmotion having
friction (508).
If a tenninus of the list is reached (e.g., upon reaching the
tenninus of the list) while scrolling the list in the first direction while the object is still detected on or near the touch
screen display, an area beyond the terminus of the list is
displayed (510-Yes, 514). In some embodiments, the list has
a first item and a last item and the terminus is either the first
item or the last item. For example, in FIG. 6B the email 3534
from Aaron Jones is the first item and thus the terminus ofthe
corresponding list of emails. In some embodiments, the area
beyond the terminus of the list is white (516). In some
embodiments, the list of items has a background and the area
beyond the tenninus of the list is visually indistinct from the
background (518). For example, in FIG. 6C both the area
3536 and the background of the listed emails are white.
After the object is no longer detected on or near the touch
screen display, the list of items is scrolled in a second direction opposite the first direction until the area beyond the
tenninus of the list is no longer displayed (520). In some
embodiments, the list is scrolled in the second direction using
a damped motion (522). In some embodiments, the change
from scrolling the list in the first direction to scrolling the list
in the second direction until the area beyond the tenninus of
the list is no longer displayed makes the terminus of the list
appear to be elastically attached to an edge ofthe touch screen
display or to an edge displayed on the touch screen display
(524).
In some embodiments, scrolling in the first direction prior
to reaching the terminus of the list has a first associated
scrolling distance that corresponds to a distance ofmovement
of the object prior to reaching the terminus of the list. For
example, a scrolling distance prior to reaching the terminus of
the list shown in FIGS. 6A-6D may correspond to a distance
traversed on the touch screen display by the swipe gesture
3514 before the terminus is reached. Displaying an area
beyond the tenninus ofthe list includes scrolling the list in the
first direction for a second associated scrolling distance that is
less than a distance of movement of the object after the
tenninus is reached. For example, in FIG. 6C, after the terminus is reached the list is scrolled for a distance 3538, which
may be less than a distance traversed on the touch screen
display by the swipe gesture 3514 after the tenninus is
reached.
In some embodiments, scrolling in the first direction prior
to reaching a tenninus of the list has a first associated scrolling speed that corresponds to a speed of movement of the
object. For example, a scrolling speed prior to reaching the
tenninus ofthe list shown in FIGS. 6A-6D may correspond to
a speed on the touch screen display of the swipe gesture 3514
before the terminus is reached. Displaying an area beyond the

V?V o +a6..t,

where v 0 is a current value of the velocity when the contact is
broken, a is a current value of the acceleration when the
contact is broken and £l.t is an elapsed time, such as one time
interval. The velocities and/or acceleration in such a calculation may be projected along an axis or direction of the scrolling or translation. In some embodiments, in subsequent time
intervals following the determination ofthe velocity based on
the acceleration and/or the velocity in one or more time intervals prior to the breaking of the contact, the velocity of the
scrolling or translation may be tapered. For example, in each
successive time interval the velocity may be decreased by 5%.
When the velocity crosses a lower threshold, it may be set to
zero.
FIG. 5 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 500 of
scrolling through a list in accordance with some embodiments. The method 500 provides a simple visual indicator to
a user that a terminus of a list has been reached.
Movement ofan object is detected on or near a touch screen
display of a device (502). In some embodiments, the object is
a finger. In some embodiments, the device is a portable multifunction device.

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terminus of the list includes scrolling the list in the first
direction at a second associated scrolling speed. The second
associated scrolling speed is slower than the first associated
scrolling speed. For example, in FIG. 6C, displaying the area
3536 beyond the terminus ofthe list may include scrolling the
list at a speed that is slower than the scrolling speed before the
terminus is reached. In some embodiments, the second associated speed is a fraction (e.g., one-half or one-third) of the
first associated speed. In some embodiments, the second
associated speed is the square root of the first associated
speed.
Ifa tenninus ofthe list is not reached while scrolling the list
in the first direction while the object is still detected on or near
the touch screen display, the process 500 is complete (510No, 512). The process 500 may be re-initiated upon subsequent detection of another movement of an object on or near
the touch screen display (502).
FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate the scrolling of a list of items to a
terminus of the list, at which point an area beyond the tenninus is displayed and the list is then scrolled in an opposite
direction until the area beyond the terminus is no longer
displayed, in accordance with some embodiments. While
FIGS. 6A-6D illustrate this scrolling in the context of a portable multifunction device 100, this scrolling is not limited to
portable multifunction devices. In the example of FIGS.
6A-6D, the listed items are email messages; FIGS. 6A-6D
illustrate an exemplary user interface 3500A for managing an
inbox in accordance with some embodiments. An analogous
user interface may be used to display and manage other mailboxes (e.g., drafts, sent, trash, personal, etc.). In addition,
other types of lists are possible, including but not limited to
lists of instant message conversations, favorite phone numbers, contact information, labels, email folders, email
addresses, physical addresses, ringtones, album names or
bookmarks.
In some embodiments, user interface 3500A include the
following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
402, 404, and 406, as described above;
a create email icon 3310 that when activated (e.g., by a
finger tap on the icon) initiates display of a VIto create
a new email message;
mailboxes icon 3502 that when activated (e.g., by a finger
tap on the icon) initiates the display of a VI listing email
mailboxes (i.e., folders);
unread messages icon 3504 that displays the number of
unread messages in the inbox;
names 3506 of the senders of the email messages;
subject lines 3508 for the email messages;
dates 3510 of the email messages;
unread message icons 3512 that indicate messages that
have not been opened;
preview pane separator 3518 that separates the list of messages from a preview of a selected message in the list;
settings icon 3520 that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap
on the icon) initiates the display of a VI to modify
settings;
move message icon 3522 that when activated (e.g., by a
finger tap on the icon) initiates the display of a VI to
move messages;
Delete symbol icon 3524 that when activated (e.g., by a
finger tap on the icon) initiates display ofa VI to confinn
that the user wants to delete the selected email;
Reply/Forward icon 3526 that when activated (e.g., by a
finger tap on the icon) initiates display of a VI to select
how to reply or forward the selected email;
If the list of emails fills more than the allotted screen area,
the user may scroll through the emails using vertically

upward and/or vertically downward swipe gestures on the
touch screen. In the example of FIG. 6A, a portion of a list of
emails is displayed in the screen area, including a top displayed email 3530 from Bruce Walker and a bottom displayed
email 3532 from Kim Brook. A user performs a vertically
downward swipe gesture 3514 to scroll toward the top of the
list. The vertically downward gesture 3514, which may be a
finger gesture, corresponds to the movement of an object on
or near the touch screen that is detected in operation 502 of
process 500 (FIG. 5). The vertically downward gesture 3514
need not be exactly vertical; a substantially vertical gesture is
sufficient. In some embodiments, a gesture within a predetermined angle of being perfectly vertical results in vertical
scrolling. In one embodiment, a gesture within 27 degrees of
being perfectly vertical results in vertical scrolling.
As a result of detecting the vertically downward gesture
3514, in FIG. 6B the displayed emails have shifted down,
such that the previous bottom displayed email 3532 from Kim
Brook is no longer displayed, the previous top displayed
email 3530 from Bruce Walker is now second from the top,
and the email 3534 from Aaron Jones, which was not displayed in FIG. 6A, is now displayed at the top ofthe list. This
shifting of emails is an example of the scrolling described in
operation 504 of process 500 (FIG. 5).
In this example, the email 3534 from Aaron Jones is the
first email in the list and thus is the terminus ofthe list. Vpon
reaching this email 3534, in response to continued detection
of the vertically downward gesture 3514, an area 3536 (FIG.
6C) above the first email 3534 (i.e., beyond the terminus of
the list) is displayed, as described in operation 514 of process
500 (FIG. 5). In some embodiments, the area displayed
beyond the tenninus of the list is visually indistinct from the
background of the list, as described in operation 518 of process 500 (FIG. 5). In FIG. 6C, both the area 3536 and the
background of the emails (e.g., emails 3534 and 3530) are
white and thus are visually indistinct.
Once vertically downward gesture 3514 is complete, such
that a corresponding object is no longer detected on or near
the touch screen display, the list is scrolled in an opposite
direction until the area 3536 is no longer displayed. FIG. 6D
illustrates the result ofthis scrolling in the opposite direction,
which corresponds to operation 520 of process 500 (FIG. 5):
the email 3534 from Aaron Jones is now displayed at the top
of the screen area allotted to the list and the area 3536 is not
displayed.
In the example of FIGS. 6A-6D, a vertically downward
gesture resulted in display of an area beyond the first item in
the list. Similarly, a vertically upward gesture may result in
display of an area beyond the last item of the list, if the
vertically upward gesture continues once the list has been
scrolled to the last item. The last item may be considered a
tenninus of the list, similar to the first item. As discussed
above, the gesture need not be exactly vertical to result in
vertical scrolling; a gesture within a predefined range of
angles from perfectly vertical is sufficient.
In some embodiments, instead of scrolling a list ofitems in
one dimension, a user may desire to translate an electronic
document in two dimensions. If the electronic document fills
more than the screen area allotted to display the document,
the screen will only display a portion of the document. The
user may translate the electronic document to view portions
of the document that are not initially displayed.
FIG. 7 is a flow diagram illustrating a method 700 of
translating an electronic document in accordance with some
embodiments. The method 700 provides a simple visual indicator to a user that one or more edges of an electronic document are being displayed.

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Movement ofan object is detected on or near a touch screen
display of a device (702). In some embodiments, the object is
a finger. In some embodiments, the device is a portable multifunction device.
In response to detecting the movement, an electronic document displayed on the touch screen display is translated in a
first direction (704). In some embodiments, the electronic
document is a web page, as illustrated in FIGS. 8A-8D. In
some embodiments, the electronic document is a digital
image. In some embodiments, the electronic document is a
word processing, spreadsheet, email, or presentation document. In some embodiments, the first direction is a vertical
direction, a horizontal direction, or a diagonal direction. In
some embodiments, the first direction corresponds to the
direction of movement of the object detected on or near the
display but is not necessarily identical to the direction of
movement of the object.
In some embodiments, translating the electronic document
in the first direction prior to reaching an edge ofthe electronic
document has an associated speed of translation corresponding to a speed of movement of the object (706). In some
embodiments, the electronic document is translated in accordance with a simulation of an equation of motion having
friction (708).
Ifan edge ofthe electronic document is reached (e.g., upon
reaching the edge of the document) while translating the
electronic document in the first direction while the object is
still detected on or near the touch screen display, an area
beyond the edge of the electronic document is displayed
(710-Yes, 714). In some embodiments, the area beyond the
edge of the electronic document is black, gray, a solid color,
or white (716). In some embodiments, the area beyond the
edge of the electronic document is visually distinct from the
document (718). For example, the area 3930 beyond the edge
of the web page 3912 in FIG. 8C is black, in contrast to the
white background of the web page 3912. In some other
embodiments, a wallpaper image such as a picture or pattern
may be displayed in the area beyond the edge ofthe electronic
document.
After the object is no longer detected on or near the touch
screen display, the electronic document is translated in a
second direction until the area beyond the edge of the electronic document is no longer displayed (720). For example, in
FIG. 8D the web page 3912 has been translated such that the
area 3930 beyond its edge is no longer displayed. In some
embodiments, the second direction is opposite the first direction. In some embodiments, the electronic document is translated in the second direction using a damped motion (722). In
some embodiments, the change from translating the electronic document in the first direction to translating the electronic document in the second direction until the area beyond
the edge of the electronic document is no longer displayed
makes the edge of the electronic document appear to be
elastically attached to an edge of the touch screen display or
to an edge displayed on the touch screen display (724).
In some embodiments, translating in the first direction
prior to reaching an edge ofthe electronic document has a first
associated translating distance that corresponds to a distance
of movement of the object prior to reaching the edge of the
electronic document. For example, a distance oftranslation of
the web page 3912 shown in FIGS. 8A-8D prior to reaching
the edge of the document may correspond to a distance traversed on the touch screen display by the swipe gesture 3925
before the edge is reached. In some embodiments, displaying
an area beyond the edge of the electronic document includes
translating the electronic document in the first direction for a
second associated translating distance, wherein the second

associated translating distance is less than a distance ofmovement of the object after reaching the edge of the electronic
document. For example, in FIG. 8C, after the edge is reached
the web page 3912 is translated by a distance indicated by
opposing arrows 3928-1 and 3928-2, which may be less than
a distance traversed on the touch screen display by the swipe
gesture 3925 after the terminus is reached.
In some embodiments, translating in the first direction
prior to reaching an edge ofthe electronic document has a first
associated translating speed that corresponds to a speed of
movement of the object. For example, a speed of translation
prior to reaching the edge of the web page 3912 shown in
FIGS. 8A-8D may correspond to a speed of movement of the
swipe gesture 3925. Displaying an area beyond the edge of
the electronic document includes translating the electronic
document in the first direction at a second associated translating speed. The second associated translating speed is
slower than the first associated translating speed. For
example, in FIG. 8C, displaying the area 3930 beyond the
edge of the web page 3912 may include translating the web
page 3912 at a speed that is slower than the speed of translation before the edge is reached. In some embodiments, the
second associated speed is a fraction (e.g., one-half or onethird) of the first associated speed. In some embodiments, the
second associated speed is the square root of the first associated speed.
If an edge of the electronic document is not reached while
translating the electronic document in the first direction while
the object is still detected on or near the touch screen display,
the process 700 is complete (710-No, 712). The process 700
may be re-initiated upon subsequent detection of another
movement of an object on or near the touch screen display
(702).
FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate the translation of an electronic
document to an edge of the document, at which point an area
beyond the edge is displayed and the document is then translated in a second direction until the area beyond the edge of
the document is no longer displayed, in accordance with some
embodiments. While FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate this translation
in the context of a portable multifunction device 100, this
translation is not limited to portable multifunction devices. In
the example of FIGS. 8A-8D, the document is a web page
3912; FIGS. 8A-8D illustrate an exemplary user interface for
a browser in accordance with some embodiments. An analogous user interface may be used to display other types of
electronic documents, such as word processing, spreadsheet,
email, presentation documents, or digital images.
In some embodiments, user interface 3900A of FIGS.
8A-8D includes the following elements, or a subset or superset thereof:
402, 404, and 406, as described above;
Previous page icon 3902 that when activated (e.g., by a
finger tap on the icon) initiates display of the previous
web page;
Web page name 3904;
Next page icon 3906 that when activated (e.g., by a finger
tap on the icon) initiates display of the next web page;
URL (Uniform Resource Locator) entry box 3908 for
inputting URLs of web pages;
Refresh icon 3910 that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap
on the icon) initiates a refresh of the web page;
Web page 3912 or other structured document, which is
made of blocks 3914 of text content and other graphics
(e.g., images);
Settings icon 3916 that when activated (e.g., by a finger tap
on the icon) initiates display of a settings menu for the
browser;

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Bookmarks icon 3918 that when activated (e.g., by a finger
tap on the icon) initiates display of a bookmarks list or
menu for the browser;
Add bookmark icon 3920 that when activated (e.g., by a
finger tap on the icon) initiates display ofa VI for adding
bookmarks; and
New window icon 3922 that when activated (e.g., by a
finger tap on the icon) initiates display ofa VI for adding
new windows to the browser.
In some embodiments, the device analyzes the render tree
ofthe web page 3912 to detennine the blocks 3914 in the web
page. In some embodiments, a block 3914 corresponds to a
render node that is: replaced; a block; an inline block; or an
inline table.
In FIG. 8A, the web page fills more than the allotted screen
area: only the left sides of block 7 (3914-7) and block 8
(3914-8) are displayed and only the top left comer of block 9
(3914-9) is displayed. To view the partially displayed blocks,
a user may translate the displayed document by gesturing on
the touch screen in accordance with some embodiments.
In some embodiments, in response to a substantially vertical upward (or downward) swipe gesture by the user, the web
page (or, more generally, other electronic documents) may
translate one-dimensionally upward (or downward) in the
vertical direction. In some embodiments, a gesture is considered substantially vertical ifit is within a predetermined angle
of being perfectly vertical. For example, in response to an
upward swipe gesture by the user that is within a predetermined angle (e.g., 27°) of being perfectly vertical, the web
page may scroll one-dimensionally upward in the vertical
direction.
Conversely, in some embodiments, in response to a gesture
that is not within a predetennined angle (e.g., 27°) of being
perfectly vertical, the web page may translate two-dimensionally (i.e., with simultaneous movement in both the vertical and horizontal directions). For example, in response to an
upward swipe gesture by the user that is not within a predetermined angle (e.g., 27°) of being perfectly vertical, the web
page may translate two-dimensionally along the direction of
the swipe.
In the example of FIG. 8A, an upward swipe gesture 3925
is not within a predetermined angle of being perfectly vertical. Therefore, as a result of detecting the upward swipe
gesture 3925, the web page is translated in two dimensions. In
this example, the translation is approximately diagonal. FIG.
8B illustrates the result of this translation: blocks 8 (3914-8)
and 9 (3914-9) are now fully displayed; blocks 1 (3914-1) and
2 (3914-2) are now only partially displayed, and block 3
(3914-3) is no longer displayed at all. This translation is an
example of the translation described in operation 704 of process 700 (FIG. 7).
In FIG. 8B, block 9 (3914-9) is in the lower right-hand
corner ofthe web page 3912; both the bottom and right edges
of the web page have been reached while translating the web
page. Vpon reaching these edges of the document, in
response to continued detection of the upward gesture 3925,
an area 3930 (FIG. 8C) beyond the bottom and right edges of
the web page is displayed. In some embodiments, the area
displayed beyond the edge(s) of an electronic document is
visually distinct from the document, as described in operation
718 ofprocess 700 (FIG. 7). In FIG. 8C, the area 3930 is black
and thus is visually distinct from the white background ofthe
web page 3912.
Once the upward gesture 3925 is complete, such that a
corresponding object is no longer detected on or near the
touch screen display, the web page 3912 is translated (e.g., in
a direction opposite to the original direction of translation)

until the area 3930 is no longer displayed. FIG. 8D illustrates
the result of this translation, which corresponds to operation
720 of process 700 (FIG. 7): block 9 (3914-9) is now displayed in the lower right-hand corner of the portion of the
screen allotted to display the web page 3912 and the area 3930
not displayed. In some embodiments, the direction of translation is not necessarily opposite to the original direction but
may be in any direction such that, upon completion of the
translation, the area beyond the edge(s) of the electronic
document is no longer displayed.
FIG. 9 is a flow diagram illustrating a process 900 of
displaying an electronic document having a document length
and a document width, in accordance with some embodiments. The process 900 provides a simple visual indicator to
a user that an electronic document is being displayed at a
minimum magnification (e.g., the electronic document cannot be zoomed out and/or demagnified further).
The process 900 is perfonned at a device with a touch
screen display. In some embodiments, the device is a portable
multifunction device. In some embodiments, the electronic
document is a web page (e.g., web page 3912, FIGS. 10A10C). In some embodiments, the electronic document is a
digital image. In some embodiments, the electronic document
is a word processing, spreadsheet, email or presentation
document.
The electronic document is displayed (902) at a first magnification on the touch screen display. A gesture is detected
(904) on or near the touch screen display corresponding to a
command to zoom out by a user-specified amount. In some
embodiments, the gesture is a pinching gesture (e.g., gesture
3951/3953, FIG. lOA).
In response to detecting the gesture, the electronic document is displayed (906) at a magnification less than the first
magnification. For example, the web page 3912 is shown at a
lesser magnification in FIG. lOB than in FIG. lOA.
If the document length or document width is not entirely
displayed (908-No) while the gesture is still detected on or
near the touch screen display, the process 900 is complete
(910).
If, however, the document length (e.g., 3957, FIG. lOB) or
document width (e.g., 3959, FIG. lOB) is entirely displayed
(908-Yes) while the gesture (e.g., 3951/3953) is still detected
on or near the touch screen display, the electronic document is
displayed (912) at a magnification wherein areas beyond
opposite edges of the electronic document (e.g., areas 3955,
FIG. lOB) are displayed.
In some embodiments, the areas beyond opposite edges of
the electronic document include an area beyond a top edge of
the document and an area beyond a bottom edge ofthe document. In some embodiments, the areas beyond opposite edges
of the electronic document include an area beyond a right
edge of the document and an area beyond a left edge of the
document. In some embodiments, the areas beyond opposite
edges ofthe electronic document include an area beyond a top
edge of the document, an area beyond a bottom edge of the
document, an area beyond a right edge of the document, and
an area beyond a left edge of the document (e.g., FIG. lOB).
In some embodiments, the areas beyond opposite edges of
the electronic document are black, gray, a solid color, or
white. In some embodiments, the areas beyond opposite
edges of the electronic document are visually distinct from
the document. For example, the areas 3955 (FIG. lOB) are
black and thus are visually distinct from the web page 3912.
Vpon detecting tennination of the gesture, the electronic
document is displayed (914) at a magnification wherein the

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areas beyond opposite edges of the electronic document are
no longer displayed. For example, the areas 3955 are not
displayed in FIG. 10e.
FIGS.10A-10C illustrate the display ofan electronic document at multiple magnifications in accordance with some
embodiments. While FIGS. 10A-10C illustrate displaying
these multiple magnifications in the context of a portable
multifunction device 100, displaying these multiple magnifications is not limited to portable multifunction devices. In the
example of FIGS. 10A-10C, the document is a web page
3912; FIGS.10A-10C (like FIGS. 8A-8D) illustrate an exemplary user interface for a browser in accordance with some
embodiments. An analogous user interface may be used to
display other types of electronic documents, such as digital
images or word processing, spreadsheet, email, or presentation documents.
In FIG. lOA, the web page 3912 is displayed at a first
magnification. The web page 3912 fills more than the allotted
screen area: only the left sides of block 7 (3914-7) and block
8 (3914-8) are displayed and only the top left corner of block
9 (3914-9) is displayed.
In response to detecting a pinching gesture 3951/3953
(FIG. lOA), the web-page is displayed at a magnification less
than the first magnification, as shown in FIG. lOB. Ifa document length 3957 or a document width 3959 is entirely displayed while the gesture 3951/3953 is still detected, areas
3955 beyond opposite edges of the web page 3912 are displayed. Upon detecting termination ofthe gesture 3951/3953,
the web page 3912 is displayed at a magnification wherein the
areas 3955 are no longer displayed, as shown in FIG. 10e.
FIG. 11 is a flow diagram illustrating a process 1100 of
displaying an electronic document at multiple magnifications
in accordance with some embodiments. The process 1100
provides a simple visual indicator to a user that an electronic
document is being displayed at a maximum magnification
(e.g., the electronic document caunot be zoomed in and/or
magnified further).
The process 1100 is performed at a device with a touch
screen display. In some embodiments, the device is a portable
multifunction device. In some embodiments, the electronic
document is a web page (e.g., web page 3912, FIGS. 12A12C). In some embodiments, the electronic document is a
digital image (e.g., digital image 1302, FIGS. 13A-13C). In
some embodiments, the electronic document is a word processing, spreadsheet, email or presentation document.
At least a first portion of the electronic document is displayed (1102) at a first magnification. A gesture is detected
(11 04) on or near the touch screen display corresponding to a
command to zoom in by a user-specified amount. In some
embodiments, the gesture is a de-pinching gesture (e.g.,
3931/3933, FIGS. 12A and 13A).
In response to detecting the gesture, decreasing portions of
the electronic document are displayed (1106) at increasing
magnifications. For example, in FIG. 12B a decreased portion
of the web page 3912 is displayed at a higher magnification
than the portion in FIG. 12A, and in FIG. 13B a decreased
portion of the digital image 1302 is displayed at a higher
magnification than the portion in FIG. 13A.
If, upon detecting termination of the gesture, the magnification does not exceed a predefined magnification (11 08-No),
the process 1100 is complete (1110).
If, however, upon detecting termination of the gesture, the
magnification exceeds a predefined magnification
(11 08-Yes), a respective portion ofthe electronic document is
displayed (1112) at the predefined magnification. In the
examples of FIGS. 12B and 13B, the magnification exceeds a
predefined magnification. Upon detecting termination of the

gesture 3931/3933, a portion of the web page 3912 is displayed at the predefined magnification, as illustrated in FIG.
12C, and a portion ofthe digital image 1302 is displayed at the
predefined magnification, as illustrated in FIG. Be.
In some embodiments, immediately prior to detecting termination of the gesture, a last decreased portion of the electronic document is displayed at a first resolution. Upon
detecting termination ofthe gesture, the respective portion of
the electronic document is displayed at a second resolution
that is greater than the first resolution.
FIGS. 12A-12C illustrate the display ofan electronic document at multiple magnifications in accordance with some
embodiments. While FIGS. 12A-12C illustrate displaying
these multiple magnifications in the context of a portable
multifunction device 100, displaying these multiple magnifications is not limited to portable multifunction devices. In the
example of FIGS. 12A-12C, the document is a web page
3912; FIGS. 12A-12C (like FIGS. 8A-8D) illustrate an exemplary user interface for a browser in accordance with some
embodiments. An analogous user interface may be used to
display other types of electronic documents, such as digital
images or word processing, spreadsheet, email, or presentation documents.
In FIG. 12A, a first portion of the web page 3912 is displayed at a first magnification. The web page 3912 fills more
than the allotted screen area: only the left sides of block 7
(3914-7) and block 8 (3914-8) are displayed and only the top
left corner of block 9 (3914-9) is displayed.
In response to detecting a de-pinching gesture 3931/3933
(FIG. 12A), decreasing portions of the web-page 3912 are
displayed at increasing magnifications compared to the magnification shown in FIG. 12A. For example, the portion ofthe
web page 3912 shown in FIG. 12B is smaller than and has a
higher magnification than the portion of the web page 3912
shown in FIG. 12A.
In the example of FIG. 12B, the magnification exceeds a
predefined magnification. Upon detecting termination of the
gesture 3931/3933, a portion of the web page 3912 is displayed at the predefined magnification, as illustrated in FIG.
12e.
FIGS. 13A-13C illustrate the display ofan electronic document at multiple magnifications in accordance with some
embodiments. While FIGS. 13A-13C illustrate displaying
these multiple magnifications in the context of a portable
multifunction device 100, displaying these multiple magnifications is not limited to portable multifunction devices. In the
example of FIGS. 13A-13C, the document is a digital image
1302 that includes an image of a person 1304.
In FIG. 13A, a digital image 1302 is displayed at a first
magnification. In response to detecting a de-pinching gesture
3931/3933, decreasing portions ofthe digital image 1302 are
displayed at increasing magnifications compared to the magnification shown in FIG. 13A. For example, the portion ofthe
digital image 1302 shown in FIG.13B is smaller than and has
a higher magnification than the portion of the digital image
1302 shown in FIG. 13A.
In the example of FIG. 13B, the magnification exceeds a
predefined magnification. Upon detecting termination of the
gesture 3931/3933, a portion of the digital image 1302 is
displayed at the predefined magnification, as illustrated in
FIG. Be.
FIG. 14 is a flow diagram illustrating a process 1400 of
executing a screen rotation command in accordance with
some embodiments. The process 1400 provides a simple
visual indicator to a user that the user has not provided a
sufficient gesture to initiate a 90° screen rotation command.

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The process 1400 is perfonned at a device with a touch
screen display. In some embodiments, the device is a portable
multifunction device.
A multifinger twisting gesture (e.g., 1506, FIG. 15A, or
1508, FIG.15C) is detected (1402) on ornearthe touch screen
display. The multifinger twisting gesture has a corresponding
degree of rotation. In some embodiments, the multifinger
twisting gesture includes gestures by two thumbs 1604-Land
1604-R (FIGS. 16A and 16D)
If the corresponding degree of rotation exceeds a predefined degree of rotation (1404-Yes), a 90° screen rotation
command is executed (1406). For example, the digital image
1502 of FIGS. 15A and 16A is rotated from a portrait orientation to a landscape orientation, as shown respectively in
FIGS. 15B and 16B.
If the corresponding degree of rotation does not exceed a
predefined degree of rotation (1404-No), a screen rotation
command with an acute angle of rotation (i.e., less than 90°)
is executed (1408). For example, the digital image 1502 of
FIGS. 15C and 16D is rotated by an acute angle, as shown
respectively in FIGS. 15D and 16E. Upon ceasing to detect
the multifinger twisting gesture, a screen rotation command is
executed (1410) with an angle of rotation opposite to the
acute angle (e.g., with the result shown in FIGS. 15E and
16F).
FIGS. 15A-15E illustrate rotating the display of an electronic document or other digital object in accordance with
some embodiments. While FIGS. 15A-15E illustrate display
rotation in the context ofa portable multifunction device 100,
display rotation is not limited to portable multifunction
devices. In the example of FIGS. 15A-15E, the electronic
document is a digital image 1502.
In FIGS. 15A and 15C, the digital image 1502 is displayed
in a portrait orientation. A multifinger twisting gesture 1506
(FIG. 15A) or 1508 (FIG. 15C) is detected on the touch screen
display. The multifinger twisting gesture 1506 or 1508 has a
corresponding degree of rotation. In some embodiments, the
degree of rotation corresponds to a degree of rotation of an
axis between the contact points on the touch screen display of
the two fingers in the multifinger gesture (e.g., an axis
between the center points or centroids of the contact regions
of the two fingers).
In the example of FIG. 15A, the multifinger twisting gesture 1506 has a corresponding degree of rotation that exceeds
a predefined degree of rotation. Thus, a 90° screen rotation
command is executed, with the result that the digital image is
displayed in a landscape orientation, as shown in FIG. 15B. In
the example of FIG. 15C, however, the multifinger twisting
gesture 1508 has a corresponding degree ofrotation that does
not exceed a predefined degree of rotation. A screen rotation
command with an acute angle ofrotation is executed, with the
result shown in FIG. 15D. Upon ceasing to detect the multifinger twisting gesture 1508, a screen rotation command with
an angle opposite to the acute angle is executed, with the
result that the portrait orientation ofthe digital image 1502 is
restored, as shown in FIG. 15E.
FIGS. 16A-16F illustrate an exemplary screen rotation
gesture in accordance with some embodiments. While FIGS.
16A-16F illustrate this screen rotation gesture in the context
of a portable multifunction device 100, this screen rotation
gesture is not limited to portable multifunction devices. In the
example of FIGS. 16A-16F, this screen rotation gesture is
used to rotate the digital image 1502.
InFIG.16A, the device 100 displays the digital image 1502
in a portrait orientation. Simultaneous rotation oftwo thumbs
(e.g., 1604-L and 1604-R) in a first sense of rotation is
detected on the touch screen display 112. In some embodi-

ments, the first sense of rotation is a clockwise rotation (e.g.,
FIG. 16C). The simultaneous rotation of the two thumbs has
a corresponding degree of rotation.
In some embodiments, the sense ofrotation for each thumb
is detected by monitoring the change in orientation of the
contact area of the thumb with the touch screen display. For
example, if the contact area of the thumb is elliptical, the
change in the orientation of an axis of the ellipse may be
detected (e.g., from contact ellipse 1606-L in FIG. 16A to
contact ellipse 1608-L in FIG. 16B, as shown on an enlarged
portion of touch screen 112 in FIG. 16C). In some embodiments, the change in the orientation of the axis of the ellipse
determines the corresponding degree of rotation. In some
embodiments, at least some of a user's other fingers (i.e.,
fingers other than thumbs 1604-L and 1604-R) support the
device 100 by contacting the backside of the device.
In some embodiments, the first sense of rotation is a counterclockwise rotation. For example, if thumb 1604-L is initially on the lower left side oftouch screen 112 (rather than the
upper left side in FIG. 16A), thumb 1604-R is initially on the
upper right side of touch screen 112 (rather than the lower
right side inFIG.16A), and the thumbs are moved apart from
each other, then the sense of rotation detected by the touch
screen 112 will be counterclockwise for both thumbs.
If the corresponding degree of rotation exceeds a predefined degree of rotation, a 90° screen rotation command is
executed. For example, display of the digital image 1502 is
rotated from the portrait orientation of FIG. 16A to a landscape orientation in FIG. 16B.
If, however, the corresponding degree of rotation does not
exceed a predefined degree ofrotation, a screen rotation command with an acute angle of rotation is executed. For
example, the digital image 1502 in FIG. 16D is rotated by an
acute angle, with the result shown in FIG. 16E. Once detection of the two thumbs 1604-L and 1604-R ceases, a screen
rotation command with an angle of rotation opposite to the
acute angle is executed, thereby restoring the digital image
1502 to a portrait orientation, as shown in FIG. 16F.
While FIGS. 6A-6D, 8A-8D, 10A-10C, 12A-12C, 13A13C, 15A-15E, and 16A-16F illustrate scrolling, translation,
scaling, and rotation operations in the context of a portable
multifunction device 100, similar operations may be performed on any device with a touch-screen display, in accordance with some embodiments. The device, such as device
1700 below, mayor may not be portable and the function or
functions perfonned by the device may vary.
FIG. 17 is a block diagram illustrating a device 1700 with
a touch-screen display in accordance with some embodiments. Device 1700 need not be portable. The device 1700
typically includes one or more processing units (CPU's)
1710, one or more network or other communications interfaces 1760, memory 1770, and one or more communication
buses 1720 for intercounecting these components. The communication buses 1720 may include circuitry (sometimes
called a chipset) that intercounects and controls communications between system components. The device 1700 includes
a user interface 1730 comprising a touch-screen display 1740.
The user interface 1730 also may include a keyboard and/or
mouse (or other pointing device) 1750. Memory 1770
includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM,
SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state
memory devices; and may include non-volatile memory, such
as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk
storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile
solid state storage devices. Memory 1770 may optionally
include one or more storage devices remotely located from
the CPU(s) 171 O. In some embodiments, memory 1770 stores

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programs, modules, and data structures analogous to the programs, modules, and data structures stored in the memory 102
of portable multifunction device 100 (FIG. 1), or a subset
thereof. Furthermore, memory 1770 may store additional
programs, modules, and data structures (not shown) not
present in the memory 102 of portable multifunction device
100.
Each of the above identified elements in FIG. 17 may be
stored in one or more of the previously mentioned memory
devices. Each ofthe above identified modules corresponds to
a set of instructions for performing a function described
above. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of
instructions) need not be implemented as separate software
programs, procedures or modules, and thus various subsets of
these modules may be combined or otherwise re-arranged in
various embodiments. In some embodiments, memory 1770
may store a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 1770 may store additional
modules and data structures not described above.
The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has
been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be
exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in
view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen
and described in order to best explain the principles of the
invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable
others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and vari0us embodiments with various modifications as are suited to
the particular use contemplated.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the first direction is a vertical direction, a horizontal direction,
or a diagonal direction.
6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the electronic document is a web page.
7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the electronic document is a digital image.
8. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the electronic document is a word processing, spreadsheet,
email or presentation document.
9. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the electronic document includes a list of items.
10. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
wherein the second direction is opposite the first direction.
11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
wherein translating in the first direction prior to reaching an
edge of the document has an associated speed of translation
that corresponds to a speed of movement of the object.
12. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
wherein translating in the first direction is in accordance with
a simulation of an equation of motion having friction.
13. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
wherein the area beyond the edge of the document is black,
gray, a solid color, or white.
14. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
wherein the area beyond the edge ofthe document is visually
distinct from the document.
15. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
wherein translating the document in the second direction is a
damped motion.
16. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
wherein changing from translating in the first direction to
translating in the second direction until the area beyond the
edge of the document is no longer displayed makes the edge
ofthe electronic document appear to be elastically attached to
an edge ofthe touch screen display or to an edge displayed on
the touch screen display.
17. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
wherein translating in the first direction prior to reaching the
edge of the electronic document has a first associated translating distance that corresponds to a distance ofmovement of
the object prior to reaching the edge of the electronic document; and wherein displaying an area beyond the edge ofthe
electronic document comprises translating the electronic
document in the first direction for a second associated translating distance, wherein the second associated translating
distance is less than a distance ofmovement ofthe object after
reaching the edge of the electronic document.
18. The computer-implemented method of claim 1,
wherein translating in the first direction prior to reaching the
edge of the electronic document has a first associated translating speed that corresponds to a speed of movement of the
object, and wherein displaying an area beyond the edge ofthe
electronic document comprises translating the electronic
document in the first direction at a second associated translating speed, wherein the second associated translating speed
is slower than the first associated translating speed.
19. A device, comprising:
a touch screen display;
one or more processors;
memory; and
one or more programs, wherein the one or more programs
are stored in the memory and configured to be executed
by the one or more processors, the programs including:
instructions for displaying a first portion ofan electronic
document;

What is claimed is:
1. A computer-implemented method, comprising:
at a device with a touch screen display:
displaying a first portion of an electronic document;
detecting a movement of an object on or near the touch
screen display;
in response to detecting the movement, translating the
electronic document displayed on the touch screen
display in a first direction to display a second portion
of the electronic document, wherein the second portion is different from the first portion;
in response to an edge of the electronic document being
reached while translating the electronic document in
the first direction while the object is still detected on
or near the touch screen display:
displaying an area beyond the edge of the document,
and
displaying a third portion ofthe electronic document,
wherein the third portion is smaller than the first
portion; and
in response to detecting that the object is no longer on
or near the touch screen display, translating the
electronic document in a second direction until the
area beyond the edge of the electronic document is
no longer displayed to display a fourth portion of
the electronic document, wherein the fourth portion is different from the first portion.
2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the first portion of the electronic document, the second portion of the electronic document, the third portion ofthe electronic document, and the fourth portion of the electronic
document are displayed at the same magnification.
3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the movement of the object is on the touch screen display.
4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein
the object is a finger.

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instructions for detecting a movement of an object on or
near the touch screen display;
instructions for translating the electronic document displayed on the touch screen display in a first direction
to display a second portion of the electronic document, wherein the second portion is different from the
first portion, in response to detecting the movement;
instructions for displaying an area beyond an edge ofthe
electronic document and displaying a third portion of
the electronic document, wherein the third portion is
smaller than the first portion, in response to the edge
ofthe electronic document being reached while translating the electronic document in the first direction
while the object is still detected on or near the touch
screen display; and
instructions for translating the electronic document in a
second direction until the area beyond the edge of the
electronic document is no longer displayed to display
a fourth portion of the electronic document, wherein
the fourth portion is different from the first portion, in
response to detecting that the object is no longer on or
near the touch screen display.
20. A computer readable storage medium having stored
therein instructions, which when executed by a device with a
touch screen display, cause the device to:

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display a first portion of an electronic document;
detect a movement of an object on or near the touch screen
display;
translate the electronic document displayed on the touch
screen display in a first direction to display a second
portion of the electronic document, wherein the second
portion is different from the first portion, in response to
detecting the movement
display an area beyond an edge ofthe electronic document
and display a third portion of the electronic document,
wherein the third portion is smaller than the first portion,
if the edge of the electronic document is reached while
translating the electronic document in the first direction
while the object is still detected on or near the touch
screen display; and
translate the electronic document in a second direction
until the area beyond the edge of the electronic document is no longer displayed to display a fourth portion of
the electronic document, wherein the fourth portion is
different from the first portion, in response to detecting
that the object is no longer on or near the touch screen
display.

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