Envieh v. Sessions et al
Filing
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ORDER GRANTING 9 DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS. Signed by Judge Edward J. Davila on 10/12/2017. The Clerk shall close this file. (ejdlc2S, COURT STAFF) (Filed on 10/12/2017) (Additional attachment(s) added on 10/12/2017: # 1 Certificate/Proof of Service) (amkS, COURT STAFF).
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United States District Court
Northern District of California
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
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NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA
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SAN JOSE DIVISION
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KRANCLE ENVIEH,
Case No. 5:17-cv-00845-EJD
Plaintiff,
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ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’
MOTION TO DISMISS
v.
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JEFFERSON B. SESSIONS, et al.,
Re: Dkt. No. 9
Defendants.
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Plaintiff Krancle Envieh, appearing pro se, brings employment discrimination claims
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arising from his service as an agent in the Federal Bureau of Investigation (“FBI”). Defendants
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move to dismiss. Defendants’ motion will be granted because (1) some of Envieh’s claims are
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time-barred and (2) Envieh has not exhausted his administrative remedies with respect to his
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remaining claims.
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Case No.: 5:17-cv-00845-EJD
ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS
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I.
BACKGROUND
In 2008, Envieh joined the FBI as a New Agent Trainee in Virginia. Compl. ¶ 9, Dkt. No.
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1. From 2009 to September 25, 2015, he worked as a Special Agent in the FBI’s field office in
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Albuquerque, New Mexico. Id. From August 24, 2014 to September 25, 2015, he completed a
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temporary assignment in Israel. Id. On or about October 17, 2015, he was transferred to the San
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Jose Resident Agency, which is a satellite office of the FBI’s San Francisco Field Office. Id.
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On April 18, 2016, Envieh initiated a complaint with the FBI’s Office of Equal
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Employment Opportunity Affairs. Id. ¶ 7. On July 25, 2016, Envieh filed a formal administrative
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complaint. Gaylord Decl. ¶ 7, Dkt. No. 9-1. He alleges discrimination on the basis of his Iranian
origin because he received low performance ratings and denials of transfers, promotions, and
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United States District Court
Northern District of California
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temporary duty assignments. Id. The complaint states that the most recent alleged discrimination
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occurred on July 25, 2016 (the date the complaint was filed), although specific incidents occurred
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only between 2008 and 2014. Id. Ex. B at 45–57. The complaint alleges that adverse actions have
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continued “until the present.” Id. On August 26, 2016, Envieh sought to add an additional
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occurrence to his complaint based on the allegation that he was passed over for a promotion on
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August 23, 2016. Gaylord Decl. ¶ 8. The Equal Employment Specialist assigned to his case
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recommended that Envieh go through counseling regarding the new incident. Id.
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On December 1, 2016, the Department of Justice issued a final decision regarding Envieh’s
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complaint. Gaylord Decl. Ex. A. It dismissed Envieh’s claims as untimely because he was
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required to initiate counseling with the Equal Employment Office (“EEO”) within the required 45-
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day period, but he had waited between two and six years before doing so. Id.
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On February 17, 2017, Envieh filed this case. He asserts two causes of action under Title
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VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 for (1) discrimination on the basis of national origin and (2)
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retaliation. Compl. 46–50. Defendants now move to dismiss under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) and
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12(b)(6). Defs.’ Mot. to Dismiss (“MTD”), Dkt. No. 9.
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Case No.: 5:17-cv-00845-EJD
ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS
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II.
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LEGAL STANDARD
A.
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Rule 12(b)(1)
Dismissal under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1) is appropriate if the complaint fails to allege facts
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sufficient to establish subject-matter jurisdiction. Savage v. Glendale Union High Sch., 343 F.3d
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1036, 1039 n.2 (9th Cir. 2003). The Court “is not restricted to the face of the pleadings, but may
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review any evidence, such as affidavits and testimony, to resolve factual disputes concerning the
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existence of jurisdiction.” McCarthy v. United States, 850 F.2d 558, 560 (9th Cir. 1988). The
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nonmoving party bears the burden of establishing jurisdiction. Chandler v. State Farm Mut. Auto.
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Ins. Co., 598 F.3d 1115, 1122 (9th Cir. 2010). Pro se pleadings and motions should be construed
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liberally. Resnick v. Hayes, 213 F.3d 443, 447 (9th Cir. 2000).
United States District Court
Northern District of California
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B.
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Rule 12(b)(6)
A motion to dismiss under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6) tests the legal sufficiency of claims
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alleged in the complaint. Parks Sch. of Bus., Inc. v. Symington, 51 F.3d 1480, 1484 (9th Cir.
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1995). Dismissal “is proper only where there is no cognizable legal theory or an absence of
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sufficient facts alleged to support a cognizable legal theory.” Navarro v. Block, 250 F.3d 729, 732
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(9th Cir. 2001). The complaint “must contain sufficient factual matter, accepted as true, to ‘state a
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claim to relief that is plausible on its face.’ ” Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (quoting
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Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570 (2007)).
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III.
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DISCUSSION
A.
Envieh’s earlier claims are time-barred.
A federal employee must timely exhaust administrative remedies before bringing claims
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under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16. Lyons v. England, 307
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F.3d 1092, 1105 (9th Cir. 2002). The employee “must initiate contact with [an EEO Counselor]
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within 45 days of the date of the matter alleged to be discriminatory.” Id. (citing 29 C.F.R. §
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1614.105(a)(1))
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The majority of Envieh’s allegations relate to events that occurred while he was located in
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the FBI’s Albuquerque field office from 2009 until August 24, 2014. However, Envieh first
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Case No.: 5:17-cv-00845-EJD
ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS
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contacted the FBI’s EEO regarding these events on April 18, 2016. Compl. ¶ 7. These claims are
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therefore untimely because Envieh did not initiate contact with an EEO Counselor within the
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required 45-day period. Envieh concedes that these claims are untimely, but he argues that the
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Court may consider them as “background evidence” for his other claims. Pl.’s Opp’n to Def.’s
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Mot. to Dismiss (“Opp’n”) 8, Dkt. No. 16 (“Evidence of earlier discriminatory acts and an
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employer’s knowledge of those acts are admissible as background evidence in support of a timely
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claim. . . . [E]ven facts alleged outside of the statutory time are properly included in the Complaint
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because they are useful to provide ‘background evidence’ for the timely claims.”).
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Accordingly, with respect to events that occurred while Envieh was assigned to the FBI’s
Albuquerque field office, Envieh’s claims will be dismissed with prejudice because they are
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United States District Court
Northern District of California
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untimely.
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B.
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Envieh also alleges that he was unfairly passed over for a promotion in August 2016.
Envieh has not exhausted administrative remedies as to his later claims.
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Compl. ¶ 74. He sought to add this event as an additional occurrence to his original EEO
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complaint. Gaylord Decl. Ex. C. 21–22. Envieh was told that he could not amend his complaint
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because it was being dismissed for failure to timely initiate EEO contact, and he was instructed to
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contact an EEO Counselor about the events that occurred in 2016. Gaylord Decl. ¶ 6.
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On January 13, 2017, Envieh initiated a second EEO process with respect to the 2016
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events. Compl. ¶ 74. That process has not been completed. Before bringing claims in district court,
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federal employee must exhaust the administrative claims process. Vinieratos v. United States, 939
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F.2d 762, 767–68 (9th Cir. 1991) (“Title VII specifically requires a federal employee to exhaust
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his administrative remedies as a precondition to filing suit.”); Bell v. Milburn, No. 16-CV-05902-
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MMC, 2016 WL 7049032, at *2 (N.D. Cal. Dec. 5, 2016) (“The employee may file suit in district
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court within ‘90 days of receipt of final action taken by the department’ or ‘after one hundred and
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eighty days from the filing of the initial charge with the department . . . Where the employee files
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a civil action before the completion of the administrative process, however, the civil action is
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subject to dismissal without prejudice as premature.”) (citing 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(c)).
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Case No.: 5:17-cv-00845-EJD
ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS
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Here, Envieh has not completed the administrative process with respect to the August 2016
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events. Accordingly, that claim must be dismissed without prejudice because he has not exhausted
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his administrative remedies.
Envieh also seeks leave to amend his complaint to add allegations of retaliation that
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occurred after he filed his complaint in this case. Opp’n 4. With respect to those allegations,
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Envieh filed a written EEO complaint on March 30, 2017. Envieh’s request for leave to amend
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must be denied because he has not exhausted his administrative remedies with respect to the
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events that occurred in 2017.
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IV.
CONCLUSION
Defendants’ motion to dismiss is GRANTED. Envieh’s claims are dismissed with
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United States District Court
Northern District of California
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prejudice with respect to events that occurred while he was located at the FBI’s Albuquerque field
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office. Envieh’s remaining claims are dismissed without prejudice. The Clerk shall close this file.
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IT IS SO ORDERED.
Dated: October 12, 2017
______________________________________
EDWARD J. DAVILA
United States District Judge
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Case No.: 5:17-cv-00845-EJD
ORDER GRANTING DEFENDANTS’ MOTION TO DISMISS
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