West View Research, LLC v. Tesla Motors, Inc.

Filing 1

COMPLAINT with Jury Demand against Tesla Motors, Inc. (Filing fee $ 400 receipt number 0974-7545851) filed by West View Research, LLC. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Case Cover Sheet, # 2 Exhibit A - "778" Patent, # 3 Exhibit B - "146" Patent, # 4 Exhibit C - "673" Patent, # 5 Exhibit D - "504" Patent, # 6 Exhibit E - "037" Patent, # 7 Exhibit F - "839" Patent, # 8 Exhibit G - "777" Patent, # 9 Exhibit H - "038" Patent)The new case number is 3:14-cv-2679-LAB-WVG. Judge Larry Alan Burns and Magistrate Judge William V. Gallo are assigned to the case. (Garson, Adam)(kcm) Modified on 11/24/2014-to correct exhibit name (aef).

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 ADAM GARSON (Bar No. 240440) adam@gazpat.com JOSH EMORY (Bar No. 247398) josh@gazpat.com GAZDZINSKI & ASSOCIATES, PC 16644 West Bernardo Drive, Suite 201 San Diego, CA 92127 Telephone: (858) 675-1670 Facsimile: (858) 675-1674 Attorneys for Plaintiff WEST VIEW RESEARCH, LLC 8 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 9 SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA 10 11 12 WEST VIEW RESEARCH, LLC, a California corporation, Plaintiff, 13 15 v. TESLA MOTORS, INC., a Delaware corporation, 16 Defendant. 14 '14CV2679 LAB WVG CASE NO. _______________________ COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT JURY TRIAL DEMANDED 17 18 19 20 21 This is an action for patent infringement in which Plaintiff West View Research, LLC (“West View Research” or “Plaintiff”) makes the following allegations against Defendant TESLA MOTORS, INC. (“TESLA” or “Defendant”) as follows: 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT THE PARTIES 1 2 1. Plaintiff West View Research is a limited liability company organized 3 under the laws of the State of California with a principal place of business at 16644 4 West Bernardo Drive, Suite 201-A, San Diego, California 92127. 5 2. Upon information and belief, Defendant TESLA is a corporation 6 organized under the laws of Delaware, with its principal place of business at 3500 7 Deer Creek Road, Palo Alto, California 94304 and a registered agent at CT 8 Corporation System, 818 West Seventh Street, Second Floor, Los Angeles, CA 9 90017. JURISDICTION AND VENUE 10 11 3. This is an action for patent infringement arising under the patent laws 12 of the United States, 35 U.S.C. §1, et seq., including 35 U.S.C. § 271. This Court 13 has subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331 and 1338(a). 14 4. This Court has personal jurisdiction over Defendant at least because 15 Defendant is present within or has ongoing and systematic contacts with the United 16 States, the State of California, and the Southern District of California. Defendant 17 has purposefully and regularly availed itself of the privileges of conducting 18 business in the State of California and in the Southern District of California. 19 Plaintiff’s causes of action arise directly from Defendant’s business contacts and 20 other activities in the State of California and in the Southern District of California. 21 Defendant has committed acts of patent infringement in this District, and has 22 harmed and continues to harm West View Research in this District, by, among 23 other things, using, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing infringing products 24 and/or services into this District. BACKGROUND 25 26 5. West View Research owns all right, title and interest in U.S. Patent 27 No. 8,290,778 (the “’778 patent”), U.S. Patent No. 8,296,146 (the “’146 patent”), 28 U.S. Patent No. 8,682,673 (the “’673 patent”), U.S. Patent No. 8,706,504 (the “’504 -1- COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 patent”), U.S. Patent No. 8,719,037 (the “’037 patent”), U.S. Patent No. 8,781,839 2 (the “’839 patent”), U.S. Patent No. 8,712,777 (the “’777 patent”) and U.S. Patent 3 No. 8,719,038 (the “’038 patent”) (collectively, the “Patents-in-Suit”). 4 6. Each of the Patents-in-Suit are valid and enforceable. 5 7. West View Research is in compliance with the marking requirements 6 under 35 U.S.C. § 287 in that it has no duty to mark or to give notice in lieu thereof 7 because has no products to mark. 8 8. The ’778 patent, entitled “Computerized Information Presentation 9 Apparatus,” was duly and legally issued by the United States Patent and Trademark 10 Office on October 16, 2012, after a full and fair examination. A copy of the ’778 11 patent is attached hereto as Exhibit A. 12 9. The ’146 patent, entitled “Computerized Information Presentation 13 Apparatus,” was duly and legally issued by the United States Patent and Trademark 14 Office on October 23, 2012, after a full and fair examination. A copy of the ’146 15 patent is attached hereto as Exhibit B. 16 10. The ’673 patent, entitled “Computerized Information and Display 17 Apparatus,” was duly and legally issued by the United States Patent and Trademark 18 Office on March 25, 2014, after a full and fair examination. A copy of the ’673 19 patent is attached hereto as Exhibit C. 20 11. The ’504 patent, entitled “Computerized Information and Display 21 Apparatus,” was duly and legally issued by the United States Patent and Trademark 22 Office on April 22, 2014, after a full and fair examination. A copy of the ’504 23 patent is attached hereto as Exhibit D. 24 12. The ’037 patent, entitled “Transport Apparatus with Computerized 25 Information and Display Apparatus,” was duly and legally issued by the United 26 States Patent and Trademark Office on May 6, 2014, after a full and fair 27 examination. A copy of the ’037 patent is attached hereto as Exhibit E. 28 13. The ’839 patent, entitled “Computerized Information and Display -2COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 Apparatus,” was duly and legally issued by the United States Patent and Trademark 2 Office on July 15, 2014, after a full and fair examination. A copy of the ’839 patent 3 is attached hereto as Exhibit F. 4 14. The ’777 patent, entitled “Computerized Information and Display 5 Methods,” was duly and legally issued by the United States Patent and Trademark 6 Office on April 29, 2014, after a full and fair examination. A copy of the ’777 7 patent is attached hereto as Exhibit G. 8 15. The ’038 patent, entitled “Computerized Information and Display 9 Apparatus,” was duly and legally issued by the United States Patent and Trademark 10 Office on May 6, 2014, after a full and fair examination. A copy of the ’038 patent 11 is attached hereto as Exhibit H. 12 COUNT I 13 INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’778 PATENT 14 15 16 16. West View Research incorporates paragraphs 1 through 15 by reference as if fully stated herein. 17. Defendant has been and is directly infringing literally and/or under the 17 doctrine of equivalents, at least claims 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 18 28 and 30 of the ’778 patent. 19 18. Defendant has directly infringed, and continues to directly infringe, 20 either literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 21 271(a), by making, using, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing in or into the 22 United States, without authority products that infringe at least claims 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 23 11, 17, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28 and 30 of the ’778 patent, including but not 24 limited to Model S (including all “D” and non-D variants) and, based on 25 information and belief, Model X vehicles, sold or offered for sale on or after 26 October 16, 2012. 27 28 19. West View Research has no adequate remedy at law against these acts of patent infringement. Defendant’s actions complained of herein are causing -3COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 irreparable harm and damages to West View Research and will continue to do so 2 unless and until Defendant is permanently enjoined by the Court. 3 20. As a direct and proximate result of the acts of patent infringement by 4 Defendant, West View Research has been damaged and continues to be damaged in 5 an amount not presently known. 6 21. West View Research has incurred and will incur attorneys’ fees, costs, 7 and expenses in the prosecution of this action. The circumstances of this dispute 8 create an exceptional case within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285, and West View 9 Research is entitled to recover its reasonable and necessary fees and expenses. 10 COUNT II 11 INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’146 PATENT 12 13 14 22. West View Research incorporates paragraphs 1 through 21 by reference as if fully stated herein. 23. Defendant has been and is directly infringing literally and/or under the 15 doctrine of equivalents, at least claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 16 21, 27, 28, 29, 31 and 32 of the ’146 patent. 17 24. Defendant has directly infringed, and continues to directly infringe, 18 either literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 19 271(a), by making, using, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing in or into the 20 United States, without authority products that infringe at least claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 21 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 19, 20, 21, 27, 28, 29, 31 and 32 of the ’146 patent, including 22 but not limited to Model S (including all “D” and non-D variants) and, based on 23 information and belief, Model X vehicles, sold on or after October 23, 2012. 24 25. West View Research has no adequate remedy at law against these acts 25 of patent infringement. Defendant’s actions complained of herein are causing 26 irreparable harm and damages to West View Research and will continue to do so 27 unless and until Defendant is permanently enjoined by the Court. 28 26. As a direct and proximate result of the acts of patent infringement by -4COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 Defendant, West View Research has been damaged and continues to be damaged in 2 an amount not presently known. 3 27. West View Research has incurred and will incur attorneys’ fees, costs, 4 and expenses in the prosecution of this action. The circumstances of this dispute 5 create an exceptional case within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285, and West View 6 Research is entitled to recover its reasonable and necessary fees and expenses. 7 COUNT III 8 FOR INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’673 PATENT 9 10 11 28. West View Research incorporates paragraphs 1 through 27 by reference as if fully stated herein. 29. Defendant has been and is directly infringing literally and/or under the 12 doctrine of equivalents, at least claims 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22 13 and 24 of the ’673 patent. 14 30. Defendant has directly infringed, and continues to directly infringe, 15 either literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 16 271(a), by making, using, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing in or into the 17 United States, without authority products that infringe at least claims 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 18 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22 and 24 of the ’673 patent, including but not 19 limited to Model S (including all “D” and non-D variants) and, based on 20 information and belief, Model X vehicles, sold or offered for sale on or after March 21 25, 2014. 22 31. West View Research has no adequate remedy at law against these acts 23 of patent infringement. Defendant’s actions complained of herein are causing 24 irreparable harm and damages to West View Research and will continue to do so 25 unless and until Defendant is permanently enjoined by the Court. 26 32. As a direct and proximate result of the acts of patent infringement by 27 Defendant, West View Research has been damaged and continues to be damaged in 28 an amount not presently known. -5COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 33. West View Research has incurred and will incur attorneys’ fees, costs, 2 and expenses in the prosecution of this action. The circumstances of this dispute 3 create an exceptional case within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285, and West View 4 Research is entitled to recover its reasonable and necessary fees and expenses. 5 COUNT IV 6 FOR INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’504 PATENT 7 8 9 10 11 34. West View Research incorporates paragraphs 1 through 33 by reference as if fully stated herein. 35. Defendant has been and is directly infringing literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents, at least claims 43, 44, 45, 46 and 48 of the ’504 patent. 36. Defendant has directly infringed, and continues to directly infringe, 12 either literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 13 271(a), by making, using, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing in or into the 14 United States, without authority products that infringe at least claims 43, 44, 45, 46 15 and 48 of the ’504 patent, including but not limited to Model S (including all “D” 16 and non-D variants) and, based on information and belief, Model X vehicles, sold 17 or offered for sale on or after April 22, 2014. 18 37. West View Research has no adequate remedy at law against these acts 19 of patent infringement. Defendant’s actions complained of herein are causing 20 irreparable harm and damages to West View Research and will continue to do so 21 unless and until Defendant is permanently enjoined by the Court. 22 38. As a direct and proximate result of the acts of patent infringement by 23 Defendant, West View Research has been damaged and continues to be damaged in 24 an amount not presently known. 25 39. West View Research has incurred and will incur attorneys’ fees, costs, 26 and expenses in the prosecution of this action. The circumstances of this dispute 27 create an exceptional case within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285, and West View 28 Research is entitled to recover its reasonable and necessary fees and expenses. -6COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 COUNT V 2 FOR INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’037 PATENT 3 4 5 40. West View Research incorporates paragraphs 1 through 39 by reference as if fully stated herein. 41. Defendant has been and is directly infringing literally and/or under the 6 doctrine of equivalents, at least claims 22, 24, 27, 32, 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 7 44, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72 and 73 of the ’037 patent. 8 42. Defendant has directly infringed, and continues to directly infringe, 9 either literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 10 271(a), by making, using, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing in or into the 11 United States, without authority products that infringe at least claims 22, 24, 27, 32, 12 33, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49, 50, 51, 54, 55, 58, 59, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 13 72 and 73 of the ’037 patent, including but not limited to Model S (including all 14 “D” and non-D variants) and, based on information and belief, Model X vehicles, 15 sold or offered for sale on or after May 6, 2014. 16 43. West View Research has no adequate remedy at law against these acts 17 of patent infringement. Defendant’s actions complained of herein are causing 18 irreparable harm and damages to West View Research and will continue to do so 19 unless and until Defendant is permanently enjoined by the Court. 20 44. As a direct and proximate result of the acts of patent infringement by 21 Defendant, West View Research has been damaged and continues to be damaged in 22 an amount not presently known. 23 45. West View Research has incurred and will incur attorneys’ fees, costs, 24 and expenses in the prosecution of this action. The circumstances of this dispute 25 create an exceptional case within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285, and West View 26 Research is entitled to recover its reasonable and necessary fees and expenses. 27 28 -7COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 COUNT VI 2 FOR INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’839 PATENT 3 4 5 46. West View Research incorporates paragraphs 1 through 45 by reference as if fully stated herein. 47. Defendant has been and is directly infringing literally and/or under the 6 doctrine of equivalents, at least claims 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 18, 22, 23, 24, 29, 37, 38, 7 39, 40, 41, 43 and 47 of the ’839 patent. 8 48. Defendant has directly infringed, and continues to directly infringe, 9 either literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 10 271(a), by making, using, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing in or into the 11 United States, without authority products that infringe at least claims 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 13, 18, 22, 23, 24, 29, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43 and 47 of the ’839 patent, including but 13 not limited to Model S (including all “D” and non-D variants) and, based on 14 information and belief, Model X vehicles, sold or offered for sale on or after July 15 15, 2014. 16 49. West View Research has no adequate remedy at law against these acts 17 of patent infringement. Defendant’s actions complained of herein are causing 18 irreparable harm and damages to West View Research and will continue to do so 19 unless and until Defendant is permanently enjoined by the Court. 20 50. As a direct and proximate result of the acts of patent infringement by 21 Defendant, West View Research has been damaged and continues to be damaged in 22 an amount not presently known. 23 51. West View Research has incurred and will incur attorneys’ fees, costs, 24 and expenses in the prosecution of this action. The circumstances of this dispute 25 create an exceptional case within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285, and West View 26 Research is entitled to recover its reasonable and necessary fees and expenses. 27 28 -8COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 COUNT VII 2 FOR INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’777 PATENT 3 4 5 52. West View Research incorporates paragraphs 1 through 51 by reference as if fully stated herein. 53. Defendant has been and is directly infringing literally and/or under the 6 doctrine of equivalents, or indirectly infringing by inducement, at least claims 1, 8, 7 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 35, 60, 61, 62 and 65 of the ’777 8 patent. 9 54. Defendant has directly infringed, and continues to directly infringe, 10 either literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 11 271(a), by making, using, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing in or into the 12 United States, without authority products that infringe at least claims 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13 12, 14, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 35, 60, 61, 62 and 65 of the ’777 patent, 14 including but not limited to Model S (including all “D” and non-D variants) and, 15 based on information and belief, Model X vehicles, sold or offered for sale on or 16 after April 29, 2014. 17 55. Third parties, including Defendant’s customers and sales personnel, 18 have directly infringed, and continue to directly infringe, either literally and/or 19 under the doctrine of equivalents, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 271(a), by using, 20 selling, and or offering for sale in the United States, and/or importing into the 21 United States, products supplied by Defendant that infringe at least claims 1, 8, 9, 22 10, 11, 12, 14, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 35, 60, 61, 62 and 65 of the ’777 23 patent, including but not limited to Model S (including all “D” and non-D variants) 24 and, based on information and belief, Model X vehicles, sold or offered for sale on 25 or after April 29, 2014. 26 56. Upon information and belief, based on the information presently 27 available to West View Research absent discovery, in addition to and/or in the 28 alternative to direct infringement, West View Research contends that Defendant -9COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 has, since receiving notice of the filing of this Complaint, induced infringement and 2 continues to induce infringement of at least claims 1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 19, 21, 3 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 35, 60, 61, 62 and 65 of the ’777 patent under 35 U.S.C. § 4 271(b). The filing and service of the Complaint in this action satisfies the 5 knowledge requirement for induced infringement. Defendant has, since receiving 6 notice of the filing of this Complaint, actively, knowingly, and intentionally 7 induced, and continues to actively, knowingly, and intentionally induce, 8 infringement of the ’777 patent by making, using, importing, and selling or 9 otherwise supplying products including but not limited to Model S (including all 10 “D” and non-D variants) and, based on information and belief, Model X vehicles, 11 sold or offered for sale on or after April 29, 2014 to third parties (e.g., consumers 12 or Defendant’s sales personnel), with the knowledge and specific intent that such 13 third parties will use, sell, offer for sale, and/or import, products supplied by 14 Defendant to infringe the ’777 patent; and with the knowledge and specific intent to 15 encourage and facilitate the infringement through the dissemination of the products 16 and/or the creation and dissemination of promotional and marketing materials, 17 supporting materials, instructions, user manuals, training manuals or videos, 18 product manuals, technical manuals and/or technical assistance related to such 19 products which actively direct, encourage and/or assist the infringement of the ’777 20 patent. 21 57. West View Research has no adequate remedy at law against these acts 22 of patent infringement. Defendant’s actions complained of herein are causing 23 irreparable harm and damages to West View Research and will continue to do so 24 unless and until Defendant is permanently enjoined by the Court. 25 58. As a direct and proximate result of the acts of patent infringement by 26 Defendant, West View Research has been damaged and continues to be damaged in 27 an amount not presently known. 28 59. West View Research has incurred and will incur attorneys’ fees, costs, -10COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 and expenses in the prosecution of this action. The circumstances of this dispute 2 create an exceptional case within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285, and West View 3 Research is entitled to recover its reasonable and necessary fees and expenses. 4 COUNT VIII 5 FOR INFRINGEMENT OF THE ’038 PATENT 6 7 8 60. West View Research incorporates paragraphs 1 through 59 by reference as if fully stated herein. 61. Defendant has been and is infringing literally and/or under the doctrine 9 of equivalents, directly, at least claims 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 10 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 33, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53 of the 11 ’038 patent. 12 62. Defendant has directly infringed, and continues to directly infringe, 13 either literally and/or under the doctrine of equivalents, in violation of 35 U.S.C. § 14 271(a), by making, using, selling, offering for sale, and/or importing in or into the 15 United States, without authority products that infringe at least claims 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 16 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 33, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 17 49, 50, 51, 52 and 53 of the ’038 patent, including but not limited to Model S 18 (including all “D” and non-D variants) and, based on information and belief, Model 19 X vehicles, sold or offered for sale one or after May 6, 2014. 20 63. West View Research has no adequate remedy at law against these acts 21 of patent infringement. Defendant’s actions complained of herein are causing 22 irreparable harm and damages to West View Research and will continue to do so 23 unless and until Defendant is permanently enjoined by the Court. 24 64. As a direct and proximate result of the acts of patent infringement by 25 Defendant, West View Research has been damaged and continues to be damaged in 26 an amount not presently known. 27 28 65. West View Research has incurred and will incur attorneys’ fees, costs, and expenses in the prosecution of this action. The circumstances of this dispute -11COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT 1 create an exceptional case within the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285, and West View 2 Research is entitled to recover its reasonable and necessary fees and expenses. PRAYER FOR RELIEF 3 4 West View Research respectfully requests that judgment be entered in its 5 favor and against Defendant, and that the Court award the following relief to West 6 View Research: 7 A. 8 9 A judgment in favor of West View Research that Defendant has infringed, directly and/or indirectly, the Patents-in-Suit; B. A permanent injunction against Defendant, its officers, directors, 10 agents, servants, affiliates, employees, divisions, branches, subsidiaries, parents, 11 and all others acting in active concert therewith from infringement of the Patents- 12 in-Suit, or such other equitable relief the Court determines is warranted; 13 C. A judgment and order that Defendant account for and pay all damages 14 necessary to adequately compensate West View Research for infringement of the 15 Patents-in-Suit, but in no event less than a reasonable royalty; 16 D. A judgment and order finding that this is an exceptional case within 17 the meaning of 35 U.S.C. § 285 and awarding West View Research its reasonable 18 attorneys’ fees against Defendant; 19 E. A judgment and order requiring Defendant to provide an accounting 20 and to pay supplemental damages to West View Research, including without 21 limitation, pre-judgment and post-judgment interest; and 22 F. Any and all other relief to which West View Research may be entitled. 23 24 25 26 27 28 -12COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT JURY DEMAND 1 2 3 West View Research hereby respectfully demands trial by jury of all issues so triable. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Dated: November 10, 2014 Respectfully submitted, GAZDZINSKI & ASSOCIATES, P.C. /s/ Adam Garson__________________ ADAM GARSON (Bar No. 240440) JOSH EMORY (Bar No. 247398) Attorneys for Plaintiff West View Research, LLC 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 -13COMPLAINT FOR PATENT INFRINGEMENT

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