Personalized User Model LLP v. Google Inc.

Filing 118

APPENDIX re 116 Claim Construction Opening Brief [Appendix of Exhibits (Vol. II of II)] by Google Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit C part 1, # 2 Exhibit C part 2, # 3 Exhibit C part 3, # 4 Exhibit C part 4, # 5 Exhibit C part 5, # 6 Exhibit D, # 7 Exhibit E, # 8 Exhibit F)(Moore, David)

Personalized User Model LLP v. Google Inc.

D

Doc. 118 Att.

EXHIBIT D

ockets.Justia.com

American Heritage

A,
Houghton Mifflin Company Boston · New York

Words are included in this Dictionary on the basis of their usage. Words that are known to have current trademark registrations are shown with an initial capital and are also identified as trademarks. `No investigation has been made of common-law trademark rights in any word, because such investigation is impracticable. The inclusion of any word in this Dictionary is not, however,' an expression of the Publisher's ;opinion as to whether or not it is subject to proprietary rights. Indeed, no definition in this Dictionary is to be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark. American Heritage@ and the eagle logo are registered trademarks of Forbes Inc. Their use is pursuant to a `license agreement with Forbes Inc. Copyright © 2002 Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of Houghton Mifflin Company unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law. Address inquiries to Reference Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company, 222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116. Visit our website: www.houghtonmifflinbooks.com The American Heritage college dictionary.-- 4th ed. p.cm. Based on the fourth ed . of the American Heritage dictionary. ISBN 0-618-09848-8 ( thumb edge) -ISBN 0-618-19604-8 (deluxe binding) 1. English language--Dictionaries. 2. Americanisms. I Houghton Mifflin Company. II. American Heritage dictionary. PE1628.A6227 2002 423--dc21 2001039826 Manufactured in the United States of America PC G_ \h H'i Pr( fa> Di

Ch.

i

ni-penif) adj. Contemplated or a: r, ditated malice prepense . [, ME, i meditate < AN purpense r:=our , bcf , or,,, penser, to think (< Lat. pensare ) I

Pen

ranee (pri-p6nrdar-ans) also pre-polo, . Superiority in weight, force, impnrtance I rant ( pri-p6nrdar -ant) adl. Having ., importance, or influence. -pre ·pontdera t, rr·ate (pri-p6nrda-rat')- intr.. at·ed, -at.j xa :xceed something else in weight 2. To be greater tl_ Ise, as in quantity or importance , piedomtriate. ,. Preponderant [ Lot, praeponderara , ropoldte ... e r< + ponderare, to weigh.] -pre·ponfder·ate.I ,

ore- + *putos, penis.].- pre.·puftial (-pyoofshal) adj. pa (pre-pyooipa) n. pl -pae (- pe) or -pas 1. An inactive ,t before the pupa in the development of certain insects. Prepupal form of an insect. - pre·pufpal adj. goal (pre kwal) n. A literary, dramatic , or cinematic work n;;rrative takes place before that of a preexisting work or a
.-+ (SE)QUEL.]

t

'der·altion n.
j tion, (prep'a -zishfan) n. A word or phrase pf fore a substantive and indicating the relation of to a verb, an adjective ; or another substat e, as 1. with, from , and in regard to. [ME preposi-toun < Lat. praepositio ,. praeposition , a putting befn:(, in (transl . of Gk. prothesis) < praepositua p part , to put in front : prae -, pre- + pone, a to put see TE The doctrine that a prepo,. titence has become one of the Dom gran naticaIlore Howev, I i, [I imesrequirestinalplaeement is the only possible one in ast r Even sticldere c thankful for. ·
10. groondS for.criticizing sentcl

}

a? or It's the most curious boa, ! triples, up and aa'oss are used a i·tionz also pre-po·sietion (pre; pa-zrsn -tion·ing ,-tions To place in position in>advtn :i·tion·al (prep'a-zishra-nal)ad7 Relatin root mcax, ional phrase n. A phrase that consists of , pr posili.-. bject and has adjectival or adverbial value, su h as nl re, the people in the house. ·i·tive (pri-p&11- tiv) Grammar adi. )ccunity, efore another word . -;· n. A prepositive syyord or par;Kp_ raeposiavus < Lat. praepositus ; p. Part of pr r Psuw, r: -ont. See PREPOSISTION'.I -pre-posfi·tive·lyadr. ;·sess (pre'pa-zest) tr.v. -sessed,-sess·ing, -sess-estl ccupy the mind of to the exclusion of other thought, c= 2a. To influence beforehand against or m i' r u re or something; prejudice . b. To impress t,.orablyinz3. s·sess·ing (pre'pa-zesring) adI 1 S,-in to tmpr ; pleasing: a prepossessing appearance. 2. Ar,n tic da

tion. - prep 'o·siftion·al·ly ads.

j

j'

.s·ses·sion (pre'pa,zeshfan) n.-1. A -prelletpan ^. ice. 2. The state of being preoccupied with thou tit ot,, r feelings. Is·ter· 'ous (pri -p6srtar-as) adI Contrary to nature to common sense; absurd. [<Lat. praeposteruodmsenel,>ip r s
.able: prae-, pre- + posterus, coming IwIl ?r·OUS ·ness n.

ce. -pre'pos ·sess^ing·lyadv.

p^t·a·el·ite also pre-Raph · a·el-ite .(pre-raffe-a-lit', tt. A painter or writer belonging to or influenced by the phaelite Brotherhood, a society founded in England in advance the style and spirit of Italian painting before :· adj. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the Pre-Raph_Pre-Raphi' arel·it'ism n. edease (presri-lesr) n. Something released before a sched1,tte,-pre' re·leaser adj. q-ui·site (pre-rekrwi-zit) adj. Required or necessary as a ondition d·. n. Something that is prerequisite, as a course required prior to taking an advanced course. og,a·tive (pri-r6gia tiv) n. 1. An exclusive.right or privihdd by a person or group, esp. a hereditary or official right. ,eos at right. 2. The exclusive right and power to command, rule, or judge: 3. A special quality that confers superiority. Of, arising from, or exercising a prerogative. [ME < OFr. t praerogahva, fem. of praerogatzvus, asked first rogatus, p. part, of praerogare, to ask before : prae-, pre- + to ask; see reg- in App.] - pre·rogra -Eyed adj. yc 1, present 2. or Pres. president ,,,le (presrij) n. 1. An indication or warning of a future cce; an omen. 2. A feeling or intuition of what is going to presentiment. 3. Prophetic significance or meaning, 4. A prediction, ·:· v.. pre sage (pri-sajf, presrij) -saged, g, -sag es -tr. 1. To indicate or warn of in advance, I: 2. To have a presentiment of. 3. To foretell or predict. "o make or utter a prediction. [ME < Lat. praesagium ague, to perceive beforehand : prae-, pre- + sagire, to perpre·sagerful (pri-s$jffal)adj. . r Presby. abbr. Presbyterian .gyope (prezfbe-op!, press-) n. A person affected with Apial t-yo-pica (prez'be-orpe-a, pres'-) m Inability of the eye sharply on nearby objects, resulting from loss of elasticcrystalline lens with advancing age. [NLat.: Gk. presbus, see per' in App. + -OPIA.] - pres'byopfic (-6ptlk ,.)adj. hyter (prezrbi-tar, press-) n. 1. A priest in various hierarchurches. 2a. A teaching elder in the Presbyterian Church. tiling elder in the Presbyterian Church. 3. An elder of the egation in the early Christian church. [LLat. < Gk: presbu:omp, of presbus; old man. See per ' in App.] `yver·ate (prez-bitfar-it,-a-rat', pres-) n. 1. The office .esbyter. 2. A body or an order of presbyters. Eyte· ri·al (prezrbi-tir(e=a1, pres '-) adj. Of or relating to ,iter or the presbytery..-. presf by tef ri · al- ly adv. byrte·ri·;att (prez1b1-tirfe-an; pres'-) adj. 1. Of or relating ssiastical government by presbyters. 2. Presbyterian Of or g to a Presbyterian Church. y n. Presbyterian A member dherent of a Presbyterian Church, pres'bytefri·an-

ing History of the Conquest of Mexico (1843). pre-screen (pre-skrenf) tr.v. -screened , -screening, -screens 1. To view (a movie) before release for public showing. 2. To examine or interview before fprther selection processes. pre+scribe (pri-skribr) v. -scribed, -scribing, -scribes =tr. 1. To set down as a rule or guide; enjoin. See Syns at dictate. 2. To order the use of (a medicine or other treatment). -intr. 1. To establish rules; laws, or directions. 2. To order a medicine or other treatment. [ME prescriben < Lat. praescrebere : prae-i pre- + scribere; to write; see skriph- in App.] - pre·scribfer n. 'pre-script (prefskripV) n. Something prescribed, esp. a rule or rggulation of conduct. A· adj. (prefskript', pri-skriptf) Having been established as a rule; presciibed. [< ME, prescribed < Lat. p-raescripfum, neut. p. part. of praescribere, to order, prescribe. See.PRESCRIBE.] pre scrip·ti · ble (prr-skdpfta-bal) adj. 1. That can be prescribed. 2. Requiring or derived from prescription. -prescrip 'ti · bilii ·ty n.
pre - scrip·tion (pri-skripf shan) n. t a. The act of establishing official rules, laws, or directions. b. Something prescribed asa rule. 2a. A written order; esp. by a physician, for the preparation and administration of a medicine or other treatment. b. A prescribed medicine or other treatment. e. Ap ophthalmologist's or optometrist's written instruction, as for the grinding of corrective lenses. 3. A formula directing the preparation of something. 4. Law The process of acquiring title to property by reason of uninterrupted possession of specified duration. 5. Law The limitation of time beyond which an action, debt, or crime is no longer valid or enforceable. [ME prescription, establishment of a claim < OFr. prescription < Med.Lat praescrtptio, praescription- < Lat., introduction, precept < praescrrptus, p:part. of praescribere, to order. See PRESCRIBE.]

1101 prepupa present arms

Pre-Raphaelite = ante Gabriel Rossetti D Gabriel 1866, by

-oyterian Church n. Any. of various Protestant churches
edby presbyters and traditionally Calvinist in doctrine. ;t·ter-y (prezrbi- ter'e, presf -) n., pi: -ies la. A court ed of Presbyterian Church ministers and representative ·s of a. particular locality. b. The district represented by this 2. Presbyters considered asa group. 3. Government of a Presbyters. 4. The section of a church reserved for the Poman_Catholic Church The residence of a'priest. [ME priests' bench < LLat presbyterium, council of elders
r'sbrttarion < presbuteros, elder. See' PRESBYTER.].

see apo- . in App.).] - pre·posfter · ous·ly an

Pte'

The conditimi of bt= -: D·ten-cy (pre -potfn- se) n, 1 . T in power, influence, or force than another or ,therT,{' m rt aance: 2. Genetics -The ability of one parent p arent:c' to transmit individual traits to an offspring, apcclusion of the other parent, variety, or strain than another or others ; predominant . 2. C ntn o 0 rrexhibiting prepotency . [ME<Lat. praepo' n P"nP' prae pre +{ art. of prae osse ; to be more powerfirl : I, or powerful; see poti- in App:] -pre·Pottenrly'' Pies 1 A stu;' ·py or preppie ( prepfe ) Informal n., p1. 1 person rimer student of a reparatory sc..-hol2 net and dress are deemed typical 'of traditionalpreP ols:·8 adj.- pi·er,- pi ·estOfor relatingtoa ]te6'
.tory school: [PREP (ARATORY SCHOOL) pTePP' , o^tent (pre-potrnt)adj: 1. Greater in poster ill

-prepfpi·ness n. el . a rneah s, pran*di· . al (pre-pranide - al) adj . Before print (prerprint') n. Something printed aoa r din p artial or p reliminary form in advanecof ott nt'1' pn i; a reprint of a-scientific article : ·: tr.r. (pr -printing , -prints To print in advance. -proe·ess (pre-pr6stes1, profses') tr:r. -ess 1 11 sees To perform preliminary pr ocessinb p school n: Informal Aprepazatory school. ipuee (prerpyoos') n. 1: See foreskin. 2· A loo vering the glans clitondis . [ME< OFr . < Lat. Pr" "

'

epraridiai walk.

"School (prefskoolf). adj. Of, for, relating to, or being the of diildhood before. elementary school. t n. '1k^Pl A school for preschoolers;. a nurse ry. school. uhool · er ( pre!skoo'lar ) n. 1. A child who is not old enough Ierd kindergarten: 2. A child: who isenrolled in a preschool ·school· i;ng (pre!skoo 'ling).n. Early chi}dhood education, ecei6ed at a preschool. "scienc epreshfans , -e-ans, prershans; -she-ans ) n. Knowl( bt anions or events before they occur; foresight, 'dent (pr'shfant, - e-ant ; prelshant, -she-ant ) adj. 1. Of or W pr escience. 2. Possessing prescience . [Fr. < OFr. < Lat. lent-, In. pat. P"cr o fpraesnre, tokoebfhd: nw orean " n e , to know .] - preiscient ·lyadv. ,n·tif · ie (pre-si'an-tiff1k) adj. 1 . Of, relating to, or oc3ef e time before the advent of modern science and the r of its methods. 1 Prior to testing or formulation in scipreliminary.

dnd(pri sired!) y. -scind.-ed scind·ing, -scinds -tr. To
°r dMde'in thought; consider individually. -intr. To "r On"e , attntion.at. p'raescinere , t onn : [L d cut off i frot nndere, to cut off ; split.] ipr slat -kot'), William Hickiing 1796 -1859. Amer. ',led for his lively studies of the conquistadors, includ-

rmple). -pre·procres·sor n.

pre scriptive (pri-skrrpftiv) adj. 1. Sanctioned or authorized by long-standing custom or usage. 2: Making or giving injunctions, directions, laws, or rules. 3. Law Acquired by or based on uninterrupted possession. 4. Linguistics Based on or establishing norms or rules indicating how a lapguage should or should not be used rather than describing the ways in which a language is used. -pre-scripftive ·ly adv. -pre·scripftive · ness n. pre·serip·tiv · ism (pr%skrip1ta-vi21am) n. The support or promotion of prescriptive grammar. -pre· seripftiv ·ist adj. & n. pres-enee (prezians) m 1. The state or fact of being present; current existence or occurrence. 2. Immediate proximity in time or space. 3. The area immediately surrounding a great personage, esp. a sovereign. 4. A person who is present. 5a. A person's bearing, esp. when it commands respectful attention. b. The quality of self-assurance and effectiveness that permits a performer to achieve a rapport with the audience: stage presence. 6. A supernatural influence felt to be nearby. 7. The diplomatic; political; or military influence ofa nation in a foreign country. presence of mind n. The ability to think and act calmly and efficiently, esp. in an emergency. present ' (prezfant) n. 1. A moment or period in time perceptible as intermediate between past and future; now. 2, Grammar a. The present tense, b. A verb form in the present tense. 3. presents Law The document or instrument in question: Be it known by these presents. 4 adj. 1. Existing or happening now; current: the present leader; present trends. 2a. Being at hand or in attendance: Thirty guests were present at the ceremony. b. Existing in something specified: Oxygen is present in the bloodstream. 3. Now being considered; actually here or involved: present company excepted. 4. Grammar Being a verb tense or form that expresses current time. 5. Archaic Readily available; immediate. 6. Obsolete Alert to circumstances; attentive. - idioms.* at present At the present time; right now. for the present For the time being; temporarily. [ME < OFr. < Lat. praesens, praesent pr, part. of praeesse, to be present-: prae-, pre- + esse, to be; see es- in App.] -prestent - ness n. pre·sept ? (pri-z6m1) v. -sent·ed, -sent- ing, -sents -tr. la. To introduce, esp. with formal ceremony. b. To introduce (a young woman) to society, with conventional ceremony. 2. To bring before the public: present a play: 3a. To make a gift or award of. b. To make a gift to. 4a. To offer for observation; examination,, or consideration; show or display. See Syns at offer..b. To afford or furnish: Dinner' presented a chance to talk. c. To turn orposition in the direction of another: presented his face to the camera. d. To attach or be-capable of attaching (an antigen, for example) on the surface of a molecule for detection by other molecules. 5. To salute with (a weapon).. 6. Ecclesiastical To recommend (a.cleric) for a benefice. 7. Law To bring a charge or indictment against. -intr. 1. To display as part of a disease or disease process. 2. To make a presentation. 4·' n. 1. pres -ent (preziant) Something presented; a gift: 2. present (pri-zentf).The position of a rifle or other weapon when presented. [ME presentee. < OFr. presenter < Lat. presentare, to show <.praesens, praesent-, pr: part. of praeesse, to,be in:front of. See PRESENT'.] -preespntfer n. pre·sent·a · ble (pri-zenrta -bal) adj. 1. That can be given; displayed,,or.offereck presentable attire. 2. Fit for introduction to others: presentable relatives. - pre ·sent' a·biVi·ty, pre·sentfable·ness . n. -pre )sentfa·blyadv. present arms (pri-zentf) it. 1. A position in the military manual

present arms changing ofthe guard at theTombof the Unknown Soldier, Arlington National

Cemetery, Arlington,. Virginia

a pat a pay ar care a father e pet e be 1 pit 1 pie 1r pier 6 pot o toe 6 paw

of boy ou out oo took oo boot u cut Qr urge th thin th this hw which zh vision a about, item

Stress marks: P (Primary); ' (secondary), as in lexicon (lekrsi-kem')

1110

pro-am process'

to deal with an expected difficulty; anticipatory: proactive steps to prevent terrorism, - pro·aeftion n. -pro·acitive ·ly adv. pro-am (protAin') n, A sports event in which professionals and amateurs compete. - prof -am' otlj prob · a·bhlism (pr6bfo-b.1-he'art') it. 1. Philosophy The doc. trine that probability is a sufficient basis for belief and action. 2. Roman Catholic CJurrdt'I'hc motel system that allows one to follow advice favoring personal liberty, even though opposing advice, favoringg law, is more probable. -pro b'a·bblist adj. &)I. preb · a·bli·Is·tle (pr6b'a-ba-Ilsftik) adj. 1. 1, relating to, or based on probabilism. 2.OI, based on, or affected by probobility,

quest. 2. Used to acknowledge an ex ppression of gralitt

probleme < OFr, < lat. problenra. I

lartraI - < Gk. ·' f

to throw before, put foraanrd : pro., Ixfare; see Puo-·, bfe-, to throw; see g"ele- in App.)

prob · lem·at ·lc (pr6b'b-mitf1k) also prob·lem·aty, kal) ad'. 1. ]'using a problem ; difficult to solve . 2. Opcit'; debatable, 3. Not settled; unresolved or dubious: o pin
forttire. - prob'lem·atri ·cal·ly ady. pro bo·no (pro born6) adj. Done without compensatfl public good, }Lat. pr6 bona (public6), for the (public) for + bona, ablative of borumr, the good.)

LOSS' I Ef along cas·sic 1:1,1081 ersons, panne 'ssion.
c5510r

ce < (tes·sh prove Aig a re. e eura frig dm ?es·sc parao (yaer jpgram lily the c ·ess p yme in rositc }ailed 'ding hole( k('io ch to-cho 'Haim ann·
icuo, frfor, {inflr ^nran

randomness , or chance. prob · a·bli·i·ty (prnb'a-blirl-te) it., pl. -ties 1 . The quality or
condition of beingprabablr, likelihood . 2. A probable situation, condition, or event. 3a. 'rite likelihood that a given event will

pro·bos·cid · I·an (pro'ba - sid'a-an ) also pro·boxe
(pro-bbs'i-dNan) it. A mammal of the order Probosil. as the elephant or its extinct relatives, having a Imng 16 tusks, and a massive body. I< Niat. Proboscidea, (jl, < Lat. proboscis, proboscid-, proboscis . See Paoaass:ts

occur: a great probability of'rain. b. Statistics The ratio of the number of actual occurrences of a specific event to the total number of possible occurrences, -idiom: in all probability
Most pp robably, vcty likely. probabillty density is. Statistics 1, A function whose integral over a given interval Yves the probability that the values of a random variable will fall within the interval. 2. The calculated value of a probabilit density,

bos·cidti ·an adj. pro·bos·cis (pr6-b6st7s) ft., pl. -bos·c(s·es or (-b6sfl-daa')1.A long flexible snout or trunk . 2. Tlic:

bular feeding and sucking organ of certain inveneli
human nose, esp. a prominent one. pat. < Gk prol
in lronh, we PR(>-t d baxheill , to feed.}

probability distribution n. Statistics 1. See probability density. 2. A function of a discrete random variable yielding the probability that the variable will have a given value.

pro·eaine (pratkan') it. A white crystalline powder, ffN used chiefly in its hydrochloride form as a local run.

medicine and dentistry. 1PRO-' + (CO)CAIN: (it b61184 sor of cocaiue).1

probability theory it. The branch of mathematics that studies the likelihood of occurrence of random events in order to predict the behavior of defined systems,
prob· a ·ble (pr6bra-bat) adf. 1. Likely to happen or to be true. 2. Likely but uncertain ; plausible. 3. Theology Of or relating to advice or action in ethics and morals whose lawfulness can be justified by intrinsic reasons or extrinsic authority. IMF, plausible < Oft. < Lat. probabilis < probare, to prove. See PRov6.) probable cause n. Reasonable grounds for belief that an accused ,person may be subject to arrest or the issuance of a warrant.

pro·eam· bl·um (pro-kimfba-am) if. The primary, that gives rise to vascular tissue. -pro·eamfbl · al ( J.,

pro·car·yote (pro,-k3rfe-6t') it. Variant of prokaryt) prove(, ur·af (pro-sefjar-al) adj. Of or concernin&
esp. of a court of law or parliamentary body. ·Y n. A pot

dural. - pro·cerdur ·al·ly adv.
pro·ce·dure (pro-Wear) n. t. A manner of proceodii) l=rming or effecting something: standard proceduj ries of steps taken to accomplish an end : a rnedicnl nn, A set of established forms or methods for conductitto of an organized body such as a business, club, or govik Corapuer Science A set of instructions that perforrui:,lij d. S .task. [Fr, rocMillre < Orr. < proceder, to pr Togo forward or onward, esp. after an interruption; cti, To begin to carry on an action or a process. 3. To ntap i orderly roamer. 4. To come f ronn a source; originate oi. Syns at stem '. S. Lmi· To inslitute and randuU legal ' pl.n. pro ·ceeds (pr6fsadx' ),]' Ire amount of money dcrk, a commercial or fundraising venture; the yield [Mk < OFr. proceder < Lat. proodere : pro-, forward; see Pit,

prob·a·bly (pr6hfa -ble) adv. Most likely; presumably.
pr0·bartg ( profiling ') it. A long flexible rod having a tuft or · sponge at the end , used in cleaning or medicating the larynx or esophagus . [Alteration of provang.l probate (profbat') it. 1. The process of legally establishing the validity of a will before a )judicial authority. 2. Judicial certification of .ihe validity of a will: 3. An authenticated copy of a will so certified . ·S tr.te - bat·ed , -bat·Ing, -bates To establish the validity of (a will) by probate. IMP probai < lat. prob6nmt, neut. P.

in )t^-tar ±la · n (cd, e ^flt·h o.f ar 1NL

proceed (pr6-sedf,pro-)incr..- ceed·ed ,- ceed·in I,

pan, of probare, to prove. See PROvP..I
probate court if. A court limited to the jurisdiction of probating

wills and administering estatm pro·ba ·tion (pro-bafshan) tr. 1. A process or period in which a
person ' s fitness, as for work or membership in a social group, is tested. 2a. Law The act of suspending the sentence of a person convicted of a uinninal offer's( and granting that person provisional freedom oil the promise of good behavior. b. A dischurgc

dere, to go.l -pro·ceedter it.
pro·ceed · ing (pro-safding, pm-) it. 1. A course of acts; cedure. 2. proceedings A sequence of events occurrin i titular place or occasion . 3, proceedings A record Q. carried on by a society or other organization; minute; Legal action; litigation. b.'I'hc instituting or conductit),
see

from conmtitment as an Insane person on condition of eontin·
ued sanity and of being recommitted upon the reappearance of insanity. 3. A trial period in which a student is given time to try to redeem failing grades or bad conduct, 4. The status of a person on probation . IME probation, a testing < OFr. probation < Lat. probauo, probation- < probatrts, p. pan. of probare, to test. See PROvE .) - pro·baftion · al, pro·baftion ·ar'y adj. - pro·baftion·al · ly adre pro·ba·tion ·er (pr6-bafsha-nar) it. A person on probation.

action . ]n both senses, often used in the plural. pro·ee·phal ·ic (pra'sa-Mlttic) adj. of, relating to, or-A
or near the front of the head. pro·eer·eoid (pro-s(urikoid) it. A larval stage of ceri4. worms that typically develops in the body cavity of a 0l Imo-r+ Gk.kerkos,tail +--rtm.) proc·esss (pr6atas', pratses') if., pl. proc·ess·es (+ri pr6tsNt -, pr6sti - sax', profsi-) 1. A series of actions, chi. functions bringing about a result: rite proressof digesdii tries of operations performed in the making or treali4 product : a marn (facturhrg process. 3. Progress; passage: th; of rime. 4. Lnuv The entire course of a judicial proceeding` a. A summons or writ ordering a defendant to appeal` {p; b. The total quantity of summonses or writs issued in a i)g proceeding . 6. Biology An outgrowth (tissue; a project a bony process. 7. Any of various phatonteehanieal or f, graving methods. 6. Computer Science a. A running pt; other computing operation . b. A part of a running pre Other computing operation that does a single task. 4: SS sr mv. -essed, -ess·ing, -ess·es 1 . To put through lh^ a prescribed procedure : prorrssing newly arrived iminigrah ess as order. 2. To prepare, treat, or tnnvert by subjcci special process: process ore to obtain minerals . 3. Law a. with a summons or writ. b. To institute legal proceedinHf prosecute. 4. Cornpufer Srienre To perform operations 416 i. To straighten ( hair ) by a chemical process; conk ^. aff : pared or convened by a special proses process cheese, by or used in any of several photomechanical or photocl processes : a process print. IM P proces < OFr., developillo)1, processirs < p. part. of pr6rcrlere, to advance. Sec PROC .1,1 `"AGE NOTE; Iri. teceni:years flier( flasbec'n"a,iepdeiict3:

)ne Ig ( t a{ith con, rant
inistr ooms p)jr, a L^iJ-I

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probation officer rt. 1. An official charged with the care of juvenile delinquents. 2. Ali official charged with supervising convicts at large on suspended sentence or probation. pro·ba·tive fpr6fb4-t1v) also pro·ba·to·ry (-tor'e, -tbrfe) adj. 1. Furnishing evidence or proof. 2: Serving to test, try, or prove. probe (prob) if. 1. An exploratory action, expedition, or device, esp. one designed to investigate and obtain information on a remote or unknown reg2. A slender, flexible instrument used to explore a wound or body cavity. 3. A substance that is radioactively labeled or otherwise marked and used to detect or identify

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another substance in a sample. 4, The act of exploring or seirchIng with or as if with a device or an instrument. S. An investigation into unfamiliar matters or questionable activities. 6. A space probe. 4 v. probed, probing, probes -tr. 1. To explore with or as if with a probe. probe a svound; probe o're's motives. 2. To delve into; investigate. -intr. To conduct an exploratory investigation; search. ( ME, examination, < Med.Lai. probe < LLat., proof < Lat. probare to test < probtts, good . See per ' in App.I -probter it. -prob'ing·ly adv. pro·bl·ty (pofbi-tz) it. Complete and confirmed integrity; uprightness. [ME probite < OFr. < Lat. probiias < probes, upright, good. See per ' in App.] problem (pr6bflom) n. 1. A question to be considered , solved, or answered. 2. A situation, matter, or person that presents perplexity or difficulty. See Usage Note at dilemma . 3. A misgiving objection, or complaint: f have a problem with your cynicism. d ndj.1. Difficult to deal with or control: a problem child. 2. Dealingwith a moral or social problem. -idiom: no problem hrfarinat 1. Used to express confirmation of or compliance with a m-

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1330 species speculative

ablative of species. See spacus.] spe·eies (spershez, -sez) n., pl. species 1. Biology a. A fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus and consisting of related organisms capable of interbreed-. ing- See table at taxonomy. b. An organism belonging to such a category, represented in binomial nomenclature by an uncapitalized Latin adjective or noun following a capitalized genus name, as in E q uus caball- the horse. 2. Lrc A class of individuals or objects grouped by virtue of their common attributes; a division subordinate to a genus. 3a. A kind, variety, or type. b. The human race; humankind. 4. Roman Catholic Church a. The outward appearance or form of the Eucharistic elements that is retained after their consecration. b. Either of the consecrated elements of the Eucharist: 5. Obsolete a. An outward form or appearance. b. Specie. 6. Chemistry A chemical entity, as an atom. [ME, logical classification < Lat. species; a seeing, kind See spek in App:] spe·eies·ism (spOshe-ziz'am, -se-) n. Human intolerance or discrimination on the basis of species.. specei·fi·a·bie (spesta=fi'a-bal) adj. Possible to specify. spe·eifrie (spi-siff1k) adj. 1.. Explicitly set forth; definite. 2. Redating to, characterizing, or distinguishing a species. 3. Special, distinctive, or unique. 4a. Intended for, applying to, or acting on a. particular thing. b. Concerned particularly -with the'subject specified. Often used in combination: "age-specific voting patterns" (A. Dianne Schmidley). 5a. Being a disease produced by;a particular microorganism or condition. b. Having a remedial influence or effect on a particular disease. 6. Immunol'o'gy Having an affinity limited to a particular antibody or antigen. 7a. Being a customs charge levied on merchandise by unit or weight rather than according to value. b. Being a commodity rate applicable to the transportation of a single commodity between named points. : n. Ia. Something particularly fitted to a use or purpose. b. A remedy intended for a particular ailment or disorder. 2a. A distinguishing quality or attribute. b. specifics Distinct items or details; particulars. [LLat. specificus : Lat. species, kind, species; see specqspECtES + Lat. ficus, -fic.].-spe·cifti-cal·ly adv. ficti·ty (spesta-fists-te) n. spec·i·fi·ea-tion (spesta-fi-katshan) n. 1. The act of specifying. 2a. specifications A detailed exact statement of particulars, esp. a statement prescribing materials, dimensions, and quality of work for something to be built, installed, ormanufactured. b. A single item specified. 3. An exact written description of an invention by a patent applicant., spe cific epithet n. The uncapitalized Latin adjective or noun that follows a capitalized genus name in binomial nomenclature and serves to distinguish a species from others in the same genus, as saccharum in Acer saccharum (sugar maple). specific gravity n. The ratio of the mass of a solid or liquid to the mass of an equal volume of distilled water at 4'C (39°F) or of a gas to an equal volume of air or hydrogen under prescribed conditions of temperature and pressure. specific heat n. 1. The ratio of the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of :a unit mass of a substance by one unit of temperature to that required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a reference material, usu. -water, by the same amount. 2. The amount of heat; in calories, required to raise the temperature of one grain of a substance by one Ce l sius d egre e : specific impulse n. A performance measure for rocket propellants that is equal to units of thrust per unit weight of propellant consumed per unit time. specific performance n. Law The. performance of a contract as specified in its terms. specific resistance n. Electrical resistivity spec·i·fy (spesta-fil) tr.v. -fled, -fyyng, -fes 1. To state explicfitly or in detail: specified the amount needed; speafied that they would come. 2. To include in a specification. 3. To determine or bring about (a specific result): a gene that Specifies the synthesis of a protein. [ME specifien <'OFr. specifier: < LLat. specificare < specificus, specific. See sPEcwic.] -speeti·f'er n. spec-i·men (spesta-man) n. 1. An individual, item; or part repm g i n dividualu a eson: f ar dis-eable mec imen. [Latfo a ple x < speceee, to look at. See spek- in App.] specious (spetshas) adj. 1. Having the ring of truth or plausibiltractive. [ME, a tractive < Lat. speciocus < species appearance. See spek in App.] -spetcious· ly adv. -spe/ci· osti·ty (-she-estite), spetdous· ness (-'shas-nis) n. speck (spek) n 1. A small spot, mark, or discoloration. 2. A tiny amount; a bit. S tr.v. specked , speck-ing , specks To mark with specks. [ME specke < OE specca.] speck? le (spektal) n. A speck or small spot; as a natura l do t o f co l or on ski n, pl umage, or f oli age. [ME spakle . ] -s p ecktle v. , speckled (spekrald) adj. 1. Dotted or covered with speckles, esp. d flecked with small spots of contrasting color. 2. Of am xechar acter; motley. speckled trout n. See brook trout. specs also specks (speks) pl n. Informal Eyeglasses; spectacles. spee·ta·de (spektta-kal) n. la. Something that can be seen or viewed, esp . something of a remarkable or impressive nature, b.

A public performance or display, esp. one on a large. or lavish scale. c. A'regrettable public display, as of bad behavior made d spectacle of. himself. 2. spectacles a_. A pair of reyeglass,, b, Something resembling eyeglasses in shape or suggestingthcrn in function. [ME ,< OFr. < Lat. spectaculum < spectare, to watch, freq. of sperm, to look at. See spek in App.] spee·ta·cled (spektta-kald) adj. 1. Wearing spectacles 2, Having markings suggesting spectacles. Use d of an i mal s. spee·tae·u ·lar (spek-taktya-lar) adj. Of the nature of aspectacle; impressive or sensational. + n. Something that is spectac ular, as:,a A single dramatic production of unusual length or lavishness. b. An elaborate display. - spec - taetu·larti ·.ty (-lztri te) n. -spec-taetu-laroly adv. spee·tate (spek'tat) intr.v: -tat·ed; =tat-ing, -tates To atteudla horserace or other sporting event, for example) as a spectator, [Back-formation < SPECTATOR] spee·ta ·tor (spekttaftar) n. An observer of an event..[Lat. spectator < spectdre, to watch. See SPECTACLE.]-spec'ta·totri·al (-, -t6rte-al, -t6r4) adj. -spectta·tor·ship' n. specter (speikttar) n. 1. A ghostly apparition; a phantom. 2. A haunting or disturbing' image or prospect. [Fr. spectre e Lat. <pcctrum, appearance; apparition. See SPECTRUM.] spec·ti· no·myein (spek'ta-n6-mitsm) n. Abroad spe trum antibiotic; C14H24N2O7, obtained from a species of gram negative bacteria (Streptomyces spectabilis) or produced synthetically and used esp. in the treatment of penicillin resistant gonorrhm [NLat. spect(abilis), specific epithet (< Lat visible < spectare, to watch; see spECrAcLE) + (ACT)INOMYCtN.] spectra (spek(tm) n. A plural of spectrum. spee·tral (spekttml) adj. 1. Of or resembling a specter, 22. Of, re lating to, or produced by a spectrum. - spec ·traltieiy )-trap(te), specttral · ness (-tral-nis) n. =specttral·ly adv. spectral line n. A bright or dark line in a spectrum produced by emission or absorption of light of a single wavelength spec-tre (spekttar) n Chiefly British Variant of specter.speetro - pref. Spectrum: spectrograph. [<sPECrRumJ spec·tro - gram (spekttra=gram') n. A graphic or photograph's representation of a spectrum. spec-tro · graph (spekttra-graf') n. 1. Aspectroscop equipped to photograph or otherwise record spectra. 2. A spectrogrom. ads. - spec ' tro·graphtic adj. -spec'tro· graphli ·cal·ly - spec - trogtra·phy (Ar6gira-fe) n. spec ·troohea[i·o - gram (spek'tro-helle-a-gram') ii. A photograph of the sun taken in a narrow wavelength band tenured oil a selected wavelength. spee·tro·he · li·o·graph (spek'tro-hefle-a-graf!)n.Ali instra ment used to make spectroheliograms. -spedtro·he'li·og!ra· phy (-6gtra-fe) n. spec·tro · he·li·o-scope (spek1tr6-he1le-a-sk0p').n. Aninstrument used to observe solar radiation directly. spec-trom · e-ter (spek-tr6mli-tar) n. A spectroscope equipped with scales for measuring wavelengths or indexes:of refraction. spec'tro·mettrie (-tra-meetr6k) adj. _spec·tromte·try a spec·tro·phor- tom·e·ter (spek1tr6-f(5-t6mti-tar) 11 : All ' strument used to determine.the intensity of various was dsu tis in a spectrum of light. - spee ' tro· pho ' to·metFric (fu'c mettrik) adj . -spec , tro·pho·tomte-try n. 1"' spee·tro · seope (spekttra-skop!) n, An instrumen to' the p'ic sco duction and observation of spectra. -spet'tro (-skoptlk), spee'tro·seop t ieeal (-i-kal) adj. a spec·tros · coepy (spek-tr6s1ka-pe) n.,pl. -pies StudY I,i Sp`°eo, spectra - Sp ec .. esp. experimental observation o f op tica l 711e trostco·pist H. spec-trum (spekttram) n., pl. -tra (-tra) or-trums.i · Phh"G a. d istrib uti on o f a ch aracter is ti c of a p hy sical s y stem; esP a ' tribution of electromagnetic energies arranged is() rider c f'y"` lengths. b. A distribution of charged atomic or subatomic Pi ` cles arranged in order of masses. 2. A graphic or Photo6'Ffa representation of such a distribution. 3a. A range of s, dues or quantity or set of related quantities. b. Abroad sequence rang al. Or, resembli ng, o r P rodr12d by a spec ·u·lar ( T. mirror or speculum. -spec/u·lar-lyadv. spwti-late (sp&fp sat!) v. 4at·ed , -lat·ingr -lateu sc of Tea' the in soning often based on inconclusive eviden eg 3. To C11,391 buying or selling of a commodity with an element 6f usGu lrc thane of profit -tr. To assume to be true without Lon arch evidence. [Lat. speculart, speculat-, to observe < specuhi, tower < speceee, to look at. See spe k- i n App· ] me s p ec- u · la · tion :(s p ek'ya-latshan) n. 1.a. Contemp ' A conclusion, s ideratio n of a subject; meditation b . c 'i'; theory reached by conjecture. c. Reasoning based on "hIIe ,0 I I toht· evidence; conjecture; supposition. 2a. Engagement to eonsideralle c ness transactions on the chance o f ui ck or ulab lvinS s P` , t b. A commercial or financial transac i on i nvo spec·u·la·tive (spekr ya-la-tiv, - 1 a 1 -1 a dj. 1 . Of.'??hrco njr Y based upon contemplative speculation. 2a. Given to i 3el or speculation. b. Marked by inquisit ive te r est . i n 5F given to , or involving financial specu l ati on . b . SP nt

e Involving chance;; risky. -sy pectu· la·tiveeness n p e c · u · la -tor (sp&tp-la'tar) n. One the uc·u·lum (spektya-lam) n., pl. - la (-la; olished metal plate used as a reflector n instrument for dilating the openin cal examination. 3. Zoology a. A b. of color on the wings of certain t .parent spot in the wings of some buts :cal speculum < Lat., mirror <'specere speech (spech) n. 1a, The faculty or act o1 sty or act of expressing:or describing thin c peons by the articulation of words: 2. ,(trance. 3. Vocal communication; conv a public address. 5. One's habitu al manner( The language or dialect of a nation or re, 1:1'he study of. oral . communication :spet physiology. 8. Archaic Rumor. [ ME speche I speech act n. See performative: speech community n. A group of speak -° language or dialect of a language as a ech·i·fy (spercha-fl,) intr.v. -fled, -fy h. -speechti· fi'er n. ch·less (spechtlis) adj. 1. Lacking tht porarily unable to speak, as through v r .nspeech; silent.-4. Unexpressed or in -speechtless· ness n. i;peech· mak·er (spechtma'kar) n. One i ? speechtmak!ing n. s peech pathology 4..The.study of speech has stuttering and'dysphasia; -speech Itpeech therapy n. Treatment of speech d p through use of exercises and audio-vi: =,speech habits. - speech therapist n. Teech·writ ·er (speck/nItar) n, One whi, others; esp. as a profession. - speech /writ speed ;sped) n. 1. Physics The rate or a in j mctiou, esp.: a. Distance traveled divided b) I Is, first derivative of 86tance with respect h thud of a velocity. 2. Swiftness of action, 3 pidly. b. The state of being in rapid motif 9 : haste. 4. A transmission gear or set of:p ] tinnmcrical expression of the sensitivity of or paper to light, b The'rapacity of p a at an appropriate apertuie. c. The lengi mitted for a camera shutter to open and utimulant drug, esp. agtphetamine,or it v One that suits or appeals to a person 1 -:haracter8. Archaic Prosperity; luck speeded, speed ing, speeds -b: 1. To tt-d quickly; hasten 2. To increase the s lots: speed up a-car. 3 . To wish Godspeed i 1 t or -expedite ( a legalaction , for exampl d or prosper; aid . -intr. 1a . T o l sped to the rescue. b. To drive at a III m t . 2 . T o pass quickly: The days sped by., p ti r at a faster rate; accelerate: His pulse ove successful; prosper. b. To get alon 111c. -idiom : up,to . speed la, Op I. b. Producing something or p erforn nr level. 2. Informal Fully informed or , 4ted·ba I^ped bol' )S n. Slang sAnintrave d withh heroin or an am p het am in e. `^d'boat (spedtb6t') n. A fast motorbo brake n . A fl ap on an aircraft for d jy iu preparation for landing. bump it. A ridge set crosswise into l d to make the operators of vehicles er (peldar ) n. One that speeds;, esp, tB cur safe speed. tan,9 osp0dmg ) adj. Moving with sF ,s,r driving esp. a motor vehicle id limit n. The maximum speed legally n.oi roarI metal n. Heavy metal music that i m'e'ter {spi-domti-tar , spe) n u B speed. 2a. An instrument for ins well as rate ofspeed:b . An odom et I read·ing .(spedtre'ding) n. A meth It, ngiseveral words or phrases al peed(- read' v. kate n. An ice skate for racing, fil dsbeyondthe heelandtoe-of the d skating n 'ter'(sPedrstar) n. 1 . A f astdriver. cup N. A deployment of. concealed I `?des on a stretch of road to catch

resentative of a class, genus, or whole. 2. A sample, as of tissuei dia analysis rine

of related qualities, ideas, or activities. [Lat "'Por, n look