AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, INC. et al v. PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC.

Filing 67

MOTION to Strike #60 the declaration of Kurt P. Geisinger by PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC. (Attachments: #1 Memorandum in Support of Defendant-Counterclaimant Public.Resource.Orgs Motion to Strike [PUBLIC], #2 Declaration of Matthew Becker [PUBLIC], #3 Exhibit 1 (Filed Under Seal), #4 Exhibit 2 (Filed Under Seal), #5 Exhibit 3, #6 Exhibit 4, #7 Exhibit 5, #8 Exhibit 6 (Filed Under Seal), #9 Exhibit 7 (Filed Under Seal), #10 Exhibit 8, #11 Exhibit 9, #12 Exhibit 10, #13 Exhibit 11, #14 Exhibit 12, #15 Exhibit 13, #16 Exhibit 14, #17 Exhibit 15, #18 Exhibit 16, #19 Text of Proposed Order, #20 Certificate of Service)(Bridges, Andrew) Modified on 1/21/2016 linkage and text(td).

EXHIBIT 8

APA Membership Statistics
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APA Membership Statistics
Year

Associates

Members

Fellows

Total

2014

7,866

62,924

4,449

79,796

2013

8,350

69,248

4,555

82,153

2012

8,535

70,054

4,491

83,080

2011

8,593

71,247

4,499

84,339

2010

9,223

77,508

4,626

91,306

2009

8,775

78,618

4,626

92,019

2008

8,318

79,152

4,852

92,322

2007

7,943

79,407

4,705

92,055

2006

7,385

79,158

4,653

91,196

2005

7,056

78,542

4,658

90,256

2004

7,144

78,416

4,642

90,202

2003

7,240

77,938

4,597

89,775

2002

7,507

77,316

4,580

89,403

2001 30, 31, 32

7,618

76,660

4,547

88,825

2000

6,732

71,847

4,517

83,096

1999

7,068

72,064

4,484

83,617

1998

7,165

71,364

4,409

82,938

1997

7,450

70,587

4,350

82,387

1996

7,841

69,335

4,355

81,531

1995

7,719

67,063

4,316

79,098

1994

7,532

64,234

4,242

76,008

1993

7,295

61,806

4,162

73,263

1992

7,631

60,892

4,121

72,644

1991

7,884

60,259

4,059

72,202

1990

7,903

58,311

4,052

70,266

1989

8,098

56,226

3,997

68,321

1988

8,347

54,644

4,005

66,996

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APA Membership Statistics

1987

8,823

52,584

3,737

65,144

1986

8,587

50,727

3,832

63,146

1985

8,511

47,901

3,719

60,131

1984

8,539

46,042

3,641

58,222

1983

8,600

44,212

3,590

56,402

1982

8,681

42,071

3,528

54, 282

1981

8,706

40,301

3,433

52,440

1980

8,865

38,675

3,393

50,933

1979

8,909

36,804

3,333

49,047

1978

8,817

34,832

3,242

46,891

1977

8,658

32,797

3,195

44,650

1976

8,278

30,576

3,174

42,028

1975

7,795

28,552

3,064

39,411

1974

7,357

26,644

2,999

37,000

1973

7,052

25,243

2,959

35,254

1972

6,832

23,870

2,927

33,629

1971

6,611

22,526

2,848

31,985

1970

6,532

21,502

2,805

30,839

1969

6,070

19,909

2,806

28,785

1968

5,640

18,889

2,721

27,250

1967

5,219

17,955

2,626

25,800

1966

4,812

17,095

2,566

24,473

1965

4,362

16,664

2,535

23,561

1964

3,791

15,865

2,463

22,119

1963

3,213

15,342

2,378

20,933

1962

2,623

14,931

2,337

19,891

1961

2,033

14,640

2,275

18,948

1960

1,408

14,569

2,238

18,215

1959

744

14,485

2,219

17,448

1958

none

14,474

2,170

16,644

1957

13,457

2,088

15,545

1956

12,503

2,006

14,509

1955

11,579

1,896

13,475

1954 29

10,567

1,813

12,380

1953

9,233

1,690

10,903

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APA Membership Statistics

1952

7,927

1,585

9,512

1951

6,979

1,576

8,554

1950

5,775

1,498

7,272

1949

5,299

1,436

6,735

1948

4,493

1,261

5,754

1947

3,583

1,078

4,661

1946 28

3,344

1,083

4,427

1945

3,161

1,012

4,173

1944

2,948

858

3,806

1943

2,716

760

3,231

1942

2,518

713

3,231

1941

2,254

683

2,937

1940

2,075

664

2,739

1939 27

1,909

618

2,527

1938 26

1,715

603

2,318

1937

1,551

587

2,138

1936

1, 431

556

1,987

1935

1,276

542

1,818

1934

1,224

530

1,754

1933

1,135

535

1,670

1932

985

525

1,510

1931

737

530

1,267

1930

571

530

1,101

1929

353

540

893

1928 25

165

534

699

1927 23

92

516

608 24

1926

41

494

535

1925 22

471

471

1924 20

464

464 21

1923 17

457 18

457 19

1922

442

442

1921 14, 15

424

424 16

1920 13

393

393

1919

372

372

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APA Membership Statistics

1918

367

367

1917

336

336

1916 11

308

308 12

1915 10

291

291

1914

285

285

1913

271

271

1912

262

262

1911 9

244

244

1910

228

228

1909

225

225

1908

209

209

1907

209

209

1906 8

190

190

1905

168

-168

1904

94

-151

1903

135

135

1902

127

127

1901

127

127

1900

127

127

1899

113

113

1898

111

111

1897 7

87

87

1896 6

94

94

1895

78

78

1894 5

67

67

1893

54 3

54

1892

31 1

31

1892

42 2

42 4

Footnotes

1 Preliminary Meeting.
2 First Annual Meeting.
3 Figures in parentheses are estimates.
4 The first mention of membership appears in a tentative ad interim constitution adopted at the first annual meeting (1892) which

reads: "The right of nomination for membership is reserved to the Council, the election to be made by the Association."
(Fernberger, 1932, p. 7-8).

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APA Membership Statistics
5 In the first constitution adopted at the third annual meeting (1894) no specific article is concerned with membership. But, in Article

II, which provides for a council of six members with the president ex-officio, we find as one of its duties that they "shall nominate
new members" and also that "the resolutions of the Council shall be brought before the Association and decided by a majority
vote." (Fernberger, 1932, p. 8).
6 As early as 1896, one finds that (Lightner) Witmer proposed that "all names nominated by the Council, shall be presented to the

Association at its opening meeting in written form or visibly displayed upon a blackboard, together with a statement of the
contribution or contributions to psychology, in virtue of which the persons named are eligible to Membership, and that the final
action upon such names shall be taken by the Association at the final business meeting." (Fernberger, 1932, p. 8).
7 Perhaps because of (Lightner) Witmer's motion the previous year, it was voted in 1897 "that nomination blanks be provided by the

Secretary with spaces for the name, official position and publications of the candidate and the names of two proposers, members of
the Association; such blanks to be filled in and sent to the Secretary before the meeting and to be read before the Association
when the name of such candidate comes up for election." (Fernberger, 1932, p. 8).
8 Council decided in the future to define the qualifications and make them more difficult. This was accomplished in 1906 by a formal

announcement of the council to the association of the principles which guided them in nominating or declining to nominate
individuals proposed for membership. "The Constitution reads that those are eligible for membership who are engaged in 'the
advancement of Psychology as Science.' In interpreting the Constitution the Council has, historically and consistently, recognized
two sorts of qualifications for membership: professional occupation in psychology and research. The Council now adheres to a
somewhat strict interpretation of the former of these qualifications so that, in the absence of research, positions held in related
branches such as philosophy and education, or temporary positions, such as assistantships in psychology, are not regarded as
qualifying candidates for membership." (Fernberger, 1932, p. 9).
9 "The Council having for some years back experienced frequent difficulty in securing adequate information regarding applicants for

membership in the Association made public the following announcement: The Council requests that all recommendations for
membership in the Association submitted to the Secretary at least one month in advance of the time of election, and that these
recommendations be accompanied by Statement of the candidate's professional position and by copies of published researches."
(Fernberger, 1932, p. 9).
10 In 1915, at the end of this low period, (Charles) Judd questioned the council's interpretation of a statement regarding

requirements of candidates for admission to membership in the association and moved that it be the sense of the association that
the statement appended to Article I of the Constitution defining 'temporary positions' should be interpreted to include under this
head the position of instructor." The motion was carried and we see, for the first time, the association as a whole, rather than the
council, initiating a definition of qualifications for membership. This motion defines an instructorship as a temporary position and
hence, for a younger man, throws still greater emphasis on the question of publication. (Fernberger, 1932, p. 10).
11 In the next year (1916) the council again initiates a move for greater standardization as follows: "A proposal for membership,

signed by at least two members of the Association, must be submitted to the Secretary, for the Council at least one month in
advance of the annual meeting. The proposal must be accompanied by (1) a statement of the candidate's professional position and
degrees, naming the institutions by which and the dates when, conferred, and (2) by copies of his published researches. In the
absence of acceptable publications of a psychological character, or a permanent position in psychology, the conditions of
membership will not be regarded as having been fulfilled." This announcement merely still further defined Judd's motion of the year
before and for the first time specifically mentions academic degrees. (Fernberger, 1932, p. 10).
12 In the same year (1916) the council also announced that "Proposals to membership that are unfavorably acted upon by the

Council must be renewed for action at a subsequent meeting." (Fernberger, 1933, p. 10).
13 In this year (1920) it was voted "that a committee of three, including the Secretary, be appointed by the President to revise the

requirements for membership and to report at the next annual meeting of the Association." Boring was appointed chairman with
Dunlap and Terman as the committee. It was also proposed and voted that this be referred to the new committee, that foreign
members be not elected to active membership but "that distinguished psychologists in foreign countries be elected, upon
recommendation of the Council, corresponding members of the Association and that such corresponding members be not subject
to the payment of dues." (Fernberger, 1932, p. 11).
14 In 1921 this committee reported and the report was adopted by the association in part only. The committee recommended two

grades of membership, members and fellows. The recommendation was for the creation of 100 fellows within the membership of
the association and asked for a new committee to consider the mode of election of these fellows, their qualifications, functions, etc.
(Fernberger, 1932, p. 11).
15 But the first part of the report, which was adopted and became law, more fully and clearly defines qualifications for membership.

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APA Membership Statistics

In a preamble the committee states: "The Committee believes further that the qualifications should be formulated in accordance
with the object of the Association, ' the advancement of psychology as a science ' as stated in the Constitution; and they believe
that this end will be most readily secured by placing emphasis upon scientific publication. They believe further that the time has
come to abandon professional position or title as a basis for election on account of the reason that the multiplication of special
positions, especially in nonacademic fields of psychology, makes the interpretation of the significance of position impracticable." In
order to enforce this point of view, the Association adopted the Committee's specific recommendations for qualifications for
members the establishment of an 'associate' grade of membership and to report to the 1924 meeting with recommendations."
(Fernberger, 1932, p. 11-12).
16 The Association adopted the committee's specific recommendations for qualifications for membership which were "(1) acceptable

published research of a psychological character and (2) of the degree of the Doctor of Philosophy, based in part on a psychological
dissertation." The question of the degree may be waived by the council in special cases providing it states its reasons when making
the nomination. And further "(3) it is also expected that the Council shall assure itself that the nominee is actively engaged in
psychological work at the time of the nomination." (Fernberger, 1932, p. 12).
17 1924: At the meeting the year before it was decided that nominations must be made "not later than March 15 of the year in which

the nomination is to be first acted upon." (Fernberger, 1932, p. 12).
18 1923: the Council shall have power to defer action upon such proposals for membership as it deems necessary providing,

however, that the third annual meeting after the original receipt of the nomination papers, it must decide either to present or not to
present the candidate's name to the Association. A proposal for membership cannot be reviewed until two years have elapsed after
the Council's action upon it." (Fernberger, 1932, p. 12).
19 1923: It was voted that a committee of three be appointed "to consider the advisability of the establishment of an 'associate'

grade of membership and to report to the 1924 meeting with recommendations." Boring was appointed chairman of this committee
with F. L. Wells and Hunter. The report, which was a lengthy one, was presented in 1924 and printed in the Proceedings. The
committee "are unanimous in the opinion that the purposes of the Association will be served by the creation of a class of
Associates " because the growth of psychology has "created distinct groups of persons engaged in psychological work of a
scientific character at less advanced levels" so that the fundamental requirements of membership can no longer be met by this
group. Hence the Committee proposes a class of Associates eligible under the following qualifications: "(1) any person devoting full
time to work that is primarily psychological; (2) any person with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, based in part upon a
psychological dissertation and conferred by a graduate school of recognized standing, or (3) scientists, educators or distinguished
persons, whom the Council may recommend for sufficient reason." (Fernberger, 1932, p. 12).
20 The exclusionary tendency that predominated the first two decades of the 20th century was to eliminate from membership

individuals who were not directly involved in psychological pursuits. The Definition of Psychology officially hinged on the
terminology of the association's constitution as "The Advancement of Psychology as a Science," which was primarily that of
academic psychology involved in research, primarily experimental research. In general, it was the individuals on the periphery of
psychology who were eliminated, those with a non professional, amateur's interest in the field, and those primarily involved in
philosophy. (Evans, 1992, p. 78).
21 The committee then further recommends certain methods of application of the change. The application for associateship may be

made by the candidate rather than by two proposers as for membership. But two endorsers must be specified by the applicant with
whom the council may (and always did) communicate. The application must be received by October 1 instead of March 15 as for
Members. The council is to consider all applications for associateship and recommend to the association which elects. The
associates to have the right of the floor at the annual meetings and the right participate in the programs but are not entitled to hold
office or to vote. Upon the recommendation of the council and by the majority vote of the annual meeting an associateship may be
terminated. (Fernberger, 1932, p. 13).
22 The necessary by-laws and constitutional changes were passed for the first time in 1924 and received the necessary second

passage in 1925. Immediately and at the same meeting these changes the by-laws became effective by the election of forty-five
associates. (Fernberger, 1932, p. 13).
23 The committee suggests a form by means of which associates may apply for membership. This is to be accomplished by having

all associates asked each year if they care to make application for membership. The committee also suggested a similar form of
application blank for both grades. The changes were passed in 1927 on its second reading. This change had the effect of still
further raising the qualifications for Membership by defining a policy of the council demanding at least two publications beyond the
doctorate thesis. It makes the date of application for both grades uniform with a closing on March 15th. (Fernberger, 1932, p. 14).
24 The council in 1927 were willing to recommend only a relatively few associates for membership inasmuch as they were not

willing to construe graduate work as "devoting full time to professional work in psychology." Hence in this year a change was made

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APA Membership Statistics

in the by-laws which changed this qualification to read "who have had at least one full year of graduate work in psychology in a
recognized graduate school or who at the time of application are devoting full time to professional or graduate work in psychology."
(Fernberger, 1932, p. 14).
25 In 1928 a new mechanism for handling nominations was approved by the council. According to this new method, which is still in

practice, the Secretary first reviews each nomination. For those cases where there is no question that the candidate is eligible for
associateship but not for membership (and this includes the great majority of the cases) the secretary himself approves the
nomination and writes to so inform the candidate, telling him that if he objects to this ruling and insists upon being considered for
membership, that his case will be presented to the council. For all other cases, those who seem to be eligible for membership and
those whom the secretary considers are not qualified for associateship, the former method of submitting transcripts for the
consideration of the council is followed. (Fernberger, 1932, p. 15).
26 1) The association shall consist of three classes of persons: first, members, second, associates and third, honorary members. 2)

Members of the association shall be persons who are primarily engaged in the advancement of psychology as a science. 3)
Associates shall be such other persons as are interested in the advancement of Psychology as a science and who desire affiliation
with the association for this reason. Three honorary members shall be persons, who having reached the age of seventy years and
having been members for at least twenty years, request such status. (APA Yearbook, 1938, pgs. 14-15).
27 The association shall consist of three classes of persons: first, members, second, associates and third, life members. Four life

members shall be persons who, having reached the ages of seventy years and having been members of the association for at least
twenty years, request such status. (APA Yearbook, 1939, pg. 21).
28 The association shall consist of three classes of members: Fellows, associates and life members. Two fellows of the association

shall be persons who are primarily engaged in the advancement of psychology as a profession..(APA Yearbook, 1946-1947, p. 26).
29 1954, the council formally requested the Policy and Planning board to study the standards for membership, which, at that time,

were those set forth in article II of the original (1946) bylaws. These classes of Membership were defined as follows:
Fellow. Holder of Doctoral degree based in part of a dissertation psychological in nature, prior membership as an associate
and acceptable, published research beyond the dissertation or four years of acceptable professional experience. The
nomination was made by a Division to the Board of Directors, which, if approved was recommended to the council.
Associate. Holder of a doctorate or completion of two years of graduate work in psychology, or completion of the year of
graduate study and one year of professional experience; or that the individual be a distinguished person recommended by
the board of directors.
Life Member. A fellow or and associate for 25 years and attainment at age 65.
As a result of its deliberations, the Policy and Planning board recommended to the Board of Directors that the categories be revised.
After some years of debate, the Council approved three classes of membership: fellow, member and associate. On approval by the
membership, this change went into effect at the beginning of 1958. Standards for Fellow were strengthened by requiring the
nominating division to furnish the Membership Committee with clear evidence of the candidate's unusual or outstanding
accomplishment in Psychology. The new category of member required the doctorate, thus preserving the time-honored criterion.
The class of associate was continued for subdoctoral psychologist, but it was stipulated that when an associate was awarded the
doctorate, he or she would automatically be raised to member. The life member category was dropped, but waiver of dues, when
requested, for members over 65 years of age and with 25 years of membership were retained. Various types of affiliates, such as
student, division and foreign were recognized, but, as in 1945, they were not counted as members of the association. (Evans,
1992, p. 182-183).
30 Member: The minimum standard for election to member status is receipt of the doctoral degree based in part on a psychological

dissertation or based on other evidence of proficiency in psychological scholarship. The doctoral degree must be received from a
program primarily psychological in content and must be conferred by a graduate or professional school that (a) is regionally
accredited or (b) has achieved such accreditation within five years of the year the doctorate was granted, or (c) is a school of
equivalent standing outside of the United States. All members may vote and hold office in the association. (Directory, 2001, p. IX).
31 Associate Member: To become an associate member, an applicant must meet one of two sets of requirements: (a) must have

completed two years of graduate work in psychology at a regionally accredited graduate or professional school or (b) must have
received the master's degree in psychology from a regionally accredited graduate or professional school. Associate members
initially may not vote or hold office in APA. After five consecutive years of membership, associate members may vote. (Directory,
2001, p. IX).

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APA Membership Statistics
32 Fellow: Qualified members, may, on nomination by an APA division and election by the Council of Representatives, become

fellows of the APA. Candidates for fellows status must previously have been members for at least one full year, have a doctoral
degree in psychology and at least five years of acceptable experience beyond that degree, hold membership in the nominating
division, and present evidence of unusual or outstanding contribution or performance in the field of psychology. Fellows may vote
and hold office. (Directory, 2001, p. IX).

Bibliography
American Psychological Association. (1938). "Bylaws: Article I." American Psychological Association Yearbook: 1938 Edition.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 14-15.
American Psychological Association. (1939). "Bylaws: Article I." American Psychological Association Yearbook: 1939 Edition.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 21.
American Psychological Association. (1947). "Bylaws: Article II." American Psychological Association Yearbook: 1946-1947
Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 26-27.
American Psychological Association. (2001). Directory of the American Psychological Association: 2001 Edition. Washington,
DC: American Psychological Association. IX.
Crawford, Meredith P. (1992) "Rapid Growth and Change." 100 Years: The American Psychological Association: A Historical
Perspective. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 182-183.
Evans, Rand B. (1992) "Growing Pains." 100 Years: The American Psychological Association: A Historical Perspective.
Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. 76-80.
Fernberger, Samuel W. (1932). History of the American Psychological Association. Psychological Bulletin, 29, 7-15.

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