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The World's 10 Most Polluted Places [Slide Show]: Scientific American

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The World's 10 Most Polluted Places
[Slide Show]
The list includes locations suffering from toxic pollution as a result of everything from e-waste to
chemical weapons
By David Biello

Agbogbloshie, a neighborhood of Accra,
Ghana, wasn't a pretty place in 2006, but
the rising flood of e-waste had yet to
completely drown the dump in the middle of
town in toxic pollution. Ghana now imports
some 215,000 metric tons of European
computers, cell phones, microwaves,
refrigerators, televisions and other
electronic goods, making Agbogbloshie the
second-largest site for processing such
e-waste in all of west Africa. It may yet take
the title as largest because e-waste imports
are expected to double by 2020. And
Agbogbloshie has already earned the
dubious distinction of landing on the
Blacksmith Institute's top 10 list of the
world's most polluted sites, after failing to
make the cut for the original list in 2006.
"Everybody wants a laptop, wants the
modern devices," noted Jack Caravanos,
Blacksmith's director of research, at a
November 4 press conference unveiling the

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AGBOGBLOSHIE: This e-waste dump where
scavengers create toxic pollution by burning off the
sheathing of copper wires is among the world's
worst hot spots for toxic pollution.
Image: Blacksmith Institute

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Photo Album
10 Most Polluted Places
[Slide Show]

list. "Stopping e-waste is proving very

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complicated and difficult," particularly
because the newest gadgets, such as tablet
computers, are even more difficult to recycle
than old desktop computers.
Environmental groups the Blacksmith
Institute and partner Green Cross
Switzerland have compiled the list after
surveying more than 2,000 sites in 49

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The World's 10 Most Polluted Places [Slide Show]: Scientific American

countries in less than a decade. The partners issued their first top 10 in 2006, and
chose the 10 to represent the worst example of typical types of toxic pollution, such as
artisanal gold mining or tanneries. Such toxic pollution threatens the health of more
than 200 million people, and industrial pollutants, led by lead–acid battery recycling,
affect the health of more people than malaria globally, according to Blacksmith’s
calculations.
View a slide show of the top 10 most polluted places in the world.
One major change in this year’s annual list is the inclusion of several river basins,
such as the Citarum River in Indonesia or the Niger River Delta, rather than just
major industrial sites. That's because such river basins often are home to thousands
of small industries that pour pollution into the waterway. "The number of people
involved is very large," said David Hanrahan, chief technical advisor for Blacksmith,
but many of those people rely on the polluting industries for jobs. "They are not only
poisoning themselves, their neighbors and the environment, but it's also the only way
they can make a living.”
That said, cleaning up such sites is not impossible. Several places that appeared on
the original list have now dropped in the rankings, either because they have been or
are being cleaned up. For example, soil that is heavily contaminated with lead at the
lead–acid battery recycling center in Haina in the Dominican Republic has been dug
up and buried in a specialized landfill. As a result, Haina is the only location to be
completely delisted since 2006.
Highly polluted places in China and India have also fallen out of the top 10 this time
around, thanks to government efforts to address the toxic pollution issues. The
Chinese government shut down more than 2,000 highly polluting factories in Linfen
and forced those that remained to install cleaner-burning coal-fired devices. The
Indian government has implemented a program to assess and remediate all the
contaminated sites in the country. "India made such strong efforts that we have not
included them on the list," said Bret Ericson, a senior project director at Blacksmith.
"If inadequate efforts have been made, then [the sites] remain on the list."
Improvements have been helped by local people in China or India convincing central
governments to listen to their concerns about such toxic pollution. In countries such
as Russia, where public pressure has proved more difficult to express, similar
improvements are harder to find. At the same time new technologies—such as
mercury-free devices for separating gold from ore or bone char that can bind lead in
soil, rendering it chemically inert in the human body—may help turn some of these
problems into a legacy of the past. Ultimately, such cleanups most often require the
investment of hundreds of millions of dollars, at minimum, as well as the basic
infrastructure to properly dispose of toxic waste.
Although none of the top 10 sites are in the U.S., Japan or western Europe, that does
not absolve the rich world from blame. A lot of the pollution in poorer countries has
to do with the lifestyles of richer ones, noted Stephan Robinson of Green Cross
Switzerland—for example, a tannery in Bangladesh that provides leather for shoes
made in Italy that are sold in New York City or Zurich. "The pollution we see is not
coming from the major global industrial companies, it's all from small mom-and-pop
shops, which prepare the raw materials that we then later use," Robinson said. Or, in
the case of Agbogbloshie, Ghanaians are polluted by the electronic devices
Westerners have already used. Local people in such areas, Robinson added, “are very

Page 2 of 7

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The World's 10 Most Polluted Places [Slide Show]: Scientific American

often polluting their environment not because they think it is fun but because it is a
question of survival."

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1. jctyler

You could have awarded a honorable mention to the entire

04:31 PM 11/5/13

Pacific coast soon to be hit by a trash heap the size of Texas
from the Japanese tsunami.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

2. littleredtop

Toxic pollution is one thing but human pollution quite another

12:13 AM 11/6/13

story. Human pollution is actually the cause of toxic pollution.
To combat toxic pollution we must first address human
pollution.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

3. Cramer

Welcome to the libertarian utopia of no regulations.

01:16 AM 11/6/13

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We have three choices:
1) continue to export pollution to these countries,
2) remove regulations and import pollution back to America,
or
3) require trading partners to adopt regulations to reduce
pollution.
What does free trade mean?
Hypothetically, what would be your choice of the following:
1) export slavery (i.e. import foreign goods made with slave
labor),
2) import slavery (return to pre-1865 America), or
3) require trading partners to make slavery illegal.
At the very least we should start with the BRIC nations.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

4. badger
10:35 AM 11/6/13

In the description for image 5, what on earth is a 'cubic liter' a
unit of? A liter is a unit of volume and equals one cu.dm.

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5. frenature

Electronic waste is threatening the health of more than 200

10:51 AM 11/6/13

million people but most people wants the new devices without

Scientists call for urgent talks on mutant-flu
research in Europe

think about how to recycle after use. Before it gets worse, we

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12/20/2013

The World's 10 Most Polluted Places [Slide Show]: Scientific American

Page 4 of 7

should think about 'my happiness can be someone else's
misfortune'.
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Years Later [Video]

6. Fanandala

@ badger

A Solar Boom So Successful, It's Been Halted

04:44 PM 11/6/13

The article is written by Greenpeace, they obviously discovered
another dimension that allows for cubic liters.
Picture 1 shows a guy burning a car tyre to extract the little bit

Bill Gates Plays Secret Santa to Reddit User

of steel in it. Copper in cable form is quite valuable and is
recycled in first world countries.
As for the Chernobyl picture: The exclusion zone has become a
haven for wildlife, so low level exposure to radioactivity is
probably not all that harmful, and what could Greencross
possible teach the people of the Ukraine that they don't know
already. The Ukraine is not a third world country.
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

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if Gandhi were alive today, he would say pollution is the

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Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

8. jctyler

'The article is written by Greenpeace'

in reply to Fanandala
02:52 AM 11/7/13

It is written by David Biello appreciated for well researched
and well written scientific articles. And you are?
Don't present your uninformed opinion (on authorship) as
fact.
'they obviously discovered another dimension that allows for
cubic liters.'
Although the term is generally not used in public the author
meant 1000 litres and used the term correctly. Should it be
avoided in pieces accessible to uneducated twats? Hm.
Wouldn't that ultimately mean closing down SciAm?
'Picture 1 shows a guy burning a car tyre to extract the little bit
of steel in it. Copper in cable form is quite valuable and is
recycled in first world countries.'
Except for its grammatical structure this sentence is devoid of
any logic. For example, does the commenter imply that nonfirst world countries do not use car tyres, that they therefore
have no tyres to burn? Additionally, that this picture is a fake?
Or does the commenter want to tell us that the poor non-firstworld countries ship their used tyres to first-world countries
for recycling (and that this picture is therefore probably a
Greenpeace fake)?
'As for the Chernobyl picture: The exclusion zone has become
a haven for wildlife'
That is a plonker myth so disproved every year anew that even
the most retarded tea baggers don't dare use it anymore.

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12/20/2013

The World's 10 Most Polluted Places [Slide Show]: Scientific American

Page 5 of 7

Rather that we deal here with a commenter who doesn't know
his Chernobyl reality from a hole in his microwave.
'so low level exposure to radioactivity is probably not all that
harmful'
Low level? Probably? Hear, hear!
'and what could Greencross possible teach the people of the
Ukraine that they don't know already.'
You implicate Gorbatchov's association? Well, Gorbatchov
ended the Cold War and opened the Eastern bloc to
democracy. If you knew anything about today's Ukraine you'd
see what Gorbatchov could bring it.
Also, Greencross could teach the present Ukraine despots
quite a lot about the environment except that they don't want
to know for reasons of pure corruption. You know nothing
about the Ukraine.
'The Ukraine is not a third world country.'
For any practical purpose and any way you look at it it is. You
know nothing about the Ukraine.
In fact, what do you know? Having strange and completely
unsubstantiated opinions does not count as knowledge.
Whereas, seen that cognitive scientists also read SciAm, are
you aware that they could draw some damn good conclusions
from your comment about your cognitive state?

Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

9. jerryd

Or we could move those jobs back here to the US, Europe, No?

in reply to Cramer
10:04 AM 11/7/13

Here in Tampa with our high US costs they take the same E
waste and make good money at it without polluting anything.
And it's a very rich source of valuable metals and most of the
plastic can be simply distill into gasoline and diesel as 50% of
plastics can be if not made back into more plastics.
Also the US has nearly 100% lead battery recycling, just
reforming the materials into new lead batteries. Most batteries
are on the 10-20 time recycled now here.
Country's need do their own e waste recycling to keep
pollution down and materials to build their economies.
Facts are garbage/wastes of all kinds are really high grade ores
to make new things from, far better than most ores % wise, if
done right.

Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

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12/20/2013

The World's 10 Most Polluted Places [Slide Show]: Scientific American

10. Sisko

It is interesting to me that many people "concerned" about the

10:45 AM 11/7/13

Page 6 of 7

environment focus so heavily on CO2 emissions and ignore the
obvious harms that people are doing to the environment that
are a real potential harm to many people.
CITARUM RIVER INDONESIA, HAZARIBAGH
BANGLADESH, KABWE ZAMBIA, KALIMANTAN
INDONESIA, RIO MATANZA–RIACHUELO ARGENTINA,
NIGER RIVER DELTA NIGERIA, and NORILSK RUSSIA are
all excellent example of place where people are generating vast
amounts of pollution and putting undisputed chemicals into
the water and/or air that will lead to harms to others.
Why is there so little focus of these true harms?
Reply | Report Abuse | Link to this

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