Ceglia v. Zuckerberg et al
Filing
440
REPLY to Response to Motion re 426 MOTION to Vacate 348 Order on Motion to Stay, Scheduling Conference, Oral Argument,,,,,,,,,,,, NOTICE OF MOTION filed by Paul D. Ceglia. (Attachments: # 1 Certificate of Service)(Boland, Dean)
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
WESTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK
PAUL D. CEGLIA,
Civil Action No. : 1:10-cv-00569-RJA
Plaintiff,
v.
MARK ELLIOT ZUCKERBERG, Individually, and
FACEBOOK, INC.
Defendants.
REPLY TO DEFENDANTS’
RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFF’S
MOTION TO VACATE
MEMORANDUM
Defendants’ motion to dismiss, Doc. No. 319, claims the law warrants this court, under
its inherent power, to dismiss Plaintiff’s claims based upon the mere allegation of intrinsic fraud.
No case has ever held that a district court’s inherent power permits dismissal of a case based
upon mere allegations of intrinsic fraud. Defendants’ motion to dismiss (Doc. No. 319) and
response to Plaintiff’s motion to vacate (Doc. No. 433) present no contrary cases to Plaintiff’s
position. No federal case sitting in diversity has ever held that a court can dismiss based upon
mere allegations of intrinsic fraud reliant on its inherent power or for any other rationale.
Defendants invite this court to be the first.
CONCEDED ISSUES FROM DEFENDANTS’ RESPONSE, DOC. NO. 433
Defendants’ response Doc. No. 433 concedes the following:
1. This court is sitting in diversity; and
2. This court must apply substantive New York law; and
3. New York substantive law recognizes a distinction between intrinsic and extrinsic fraud;
and
4. New York law prohibits attacks on judgments based upon intrinsic fraud; and
5. Defendants’ fraud allegations, perjury and fabricated evidence, are intrinsic fraud
allegations; and
6. Perjury and fabricated evidence are evils that can and should be exposed at trial; and
7. Secondary sources recognize the intrinsic/extrinsic fraud distinction; and
8. There are no New York state cases holding that a party can obtain a dismissal based upon
allegations of intrinsic fraud; and
9. There are no federal cases holding that a federal court may ignore substantive state law
and dismiss a case based upon allegations of intrinsic fraud.
DEFENDANTS’ ALLEGATIONS ARE NOT A FRAUD ON THE COURT
Defendants’ use of the phrase “fraud on the court” mislead the court. Defendants’ facts
supporting their “fraud on the court” allegation only support an intrinsic fraud argument.1 No
court or secondary source defines intrinsic fraud as a “fraud on the court.”
1
Plaintiff has rebutted all of Defendants intrinsic fraud allegations with expert reports containing undisputed facts
establishing the authenticity of the Facebook Contract.
1
The doctrine of Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins, 304 US 64 (1938) discourages forum
shopping and avoids unfairness. “[T]he outcome of the litigation in the federal court should be
substantially the same...as it would be if tried in a State court.” Guaranty Trust Co. of New York
v. York, supra, 326 US at 109, 65 S.Ct. at 1470). Litigants able to select a federal forum (as
Defendants did here) gain no advantage over litigants unable to do so (e.g. Plaintiff, a forum
resident), thus avoiding inequitable administration of the laws. “The Erie rule is rooted in part
in a realization that it would be unfair for the character or result of [a diversity case to] differ
because the suit had been brought in a federal court.” Hanna v. Plumer (1965) 380 US 460, 467,
85 S.Ct. 1136, 1141.
FEDERAL COURTS’ INTRINSIC AND EXTRINSIC FRAUD DISTINCTION
New York state law applies to the court’s analysis of Plaintiff’s pending motion. In
addition, Defendants ignore that federal law mirrors state law regarding these two definitions of
fraud. “As opposed to a fraud against an adverse party, a fraud upon the court will only be found
where the misconduct at issue ‘seriously affects the integrity of the normal process of
adjudication.’” Sanchez v. Litzenberger, No. 09 Civ. 7207(THK), 2011 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18528,
at *9 (S.D.N.Y. Feb. 24, 2011) (quoting Gleason v. Jandrucko, 860 F.2d 556, 559 (2d
Cir.1988)). “Perjury alone does not constitute fraud upon the court.” Id.
Only the most egregious misconduct, such as bribery of a judge or members of a jury, or
the fabrication of evidence by a party in which an attorney is implicated, will constitute a fraud
on the court. See Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford-Empire Co., 322 U.S. 238, 64 S.Ct. 997, 88
L.Ed. 1250 (1944). Defendants do not allege judicial bribery or implicate an attorney in
evidence fabrication or perjury.
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THE DISMANTLING OF DEFENDANTS’ ARGUMENT
Defendants’ motion to dismiss, Doc. No. 319, relies on nineteen cases supporting their
“fraud on the court”2 argument. The majority of those cases are not diversity cases. The few
diversity cases Defendants’ cite do not discuss the relationship of substantive state law and
intrinsic fraud. None of those cases involve allegations of fraud refuted by expert witnesses.
None of those nineteen cases support Defendants’ novel theory at all. The breakdown of those
cases is as follows:
A. TWELVE INAPPLICABLE FEDERAL QUESTION CASES
Twelve of Defendants’ nineteen cases are federal questions, i.e. the court does not
consider the application of substantive state law:
1. Hazel-Atlas Glass Co. v. Hartford-Empire Co., 322 U.S. 238 (1944) is a patent dispute.
2. Corto v. Nat’l Scenery Studios, No. 95-50880, 1997 WL 225124 (2nd Cir. May 5, 1997) is a
Bankruptcy case. (Note: Re-argued in Defendants’ response, Doc. No. 433).
3. Martina Theater Corp. v. Schine Chain Theaters, Inc., 278 F.2d 798 is an anti-trust case
brought by the government.
4. Nat’l Hockey League v. Metro Hockey Club Inc., 427 U.S. 639 (1976) is a private, federal
anti-trust suit. The dismissal here relied upon lawyer misconduct.
5. Shangold v. Walt Disney Co., 275 F. App’x 72, (2d Cir. 2008). Federal question under
Lanham Act. (Note: Re-argued in Defendants’ response, Doc. No. 433)
6. Vargas v. Peltz, 901 F. Supp. 1572 (S.D. Fla. 1995), is a sexual harassment suit under Title
VII.
7. Jimenez v. Madison Area Technical Coll., 321 F.3d 652 (7th Cir. 2003). is a federal case
under 18 U.S.C. § 1981 and § 1983.
8. Pope v. Fed. Express Corp., 974 F.2d 982 (8th Cir. 1992) is a federal question brought under
Title VII.
9. Combs v. Rockwell Int’l Corp., 927 F.2d 486 (9th Cir. 1991) is an employee versus employer
case alleging violations of a collective bargaining agreement and breach of duty under
ERISA, a federal statute 29 U.S.C. § 1001.
10. Cerutti 1881 S.A. v. Cerutti, Inc., 169 F.R.D. 573 (S.D.N.Y 1996) is a trademark suit under
the Lanham Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a). (Note: Re-argued in Defendants’ response, Doc. No.
433).
11. Brady v. United States, 877 F. Supp 444 (C.D. Ill. 1994) is a taxpayer lawsuit against the
United States seeking return of allegedly overpaid federal taxes.
2
For clarity, Plaintiff refers to Defendants argument as “fraud on the court” despite the reality that their allegation is
a fraud by Plaintiff against Defendant, i.e. intrinsic fraud. They have not alleged extrinsic fraud or anything that can
be properly defined as a “fraud on the court.”
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12. Sentis Grp., Inc. v. Shell Oil Co., 559 F.3d 888 (8th Cir. 2009) is a case involving claims of
the violation of the federal statute known as the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act, 15
U.S.C. §2801-2806.
B. ONE INAPPLICABLE CASE OF EXTRINSIC FRAUD –
ADMITTED ATTORNEY MISCONDUCT
One of Defendants’ cases is an extrinsic fraud case involving admitted attorney
misconduct. Defendants rely on Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32 (1991) in their
argument in Doc. No. 319 and their reply, Doc. No. 433.
The procedural history of Chambers is important. In Chambers the Defendant,
Chambers, appealed an order of specific performance against him which had ended the case.
The appellate court sanctioned Chambers for filing a frivolous appeal and remanded to the
district court for the determination of sanctions against Chambers and his lawyer, Gray for
conduct at the district court level occurring before the order of specific performance was entered.
Back at the district court, the court sanctioned Chambers including an order that he pay the
opposing side’s attorneys fees in contravention of the “American Rule.” Chambers appealed
those sanctions and the U.S. Supreme Court eventually accepted the appeal regarding the
sanctions issue only.
Defendants’ misleadingly stated the holding of Chambers as follows:
“In Chambers v. NASCO, Inc., 501 U.S. 32, 51-53 (1991), the Supreme Court held that a
federal court sitting in diversity has the inherent power to dismiss lawsuits for fraud, regardless
of any state-law limitations on the power to sanction.” Doc. No. 433 at 1.
This quote is intentionally false in how it characterizes the Chambers holding.
The district court in Chambers did not dismiss the case. Neither party sought dismissal
of the case for fraud on the court. NASCO, the plaintiff, was granted specific performance in a
decision that ended the case. The case was over at the time that sanctions were imposed and
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was, in fact, back at the district court level solely for a determination of sanctions, i.e. no
substantive legal issues remained. The Supreme Court was only evaluating the propriety of
sanctions imposed post-appeal, not sanctions imposed during or even at the conclusion of the
trial.
Chambers involved admitted misconduct by the client, Chambers, and his lawyer,
Gray. Chambers contains no discussion about whether a federal court sitting in diversity can
ignore substantive state law. The Chambers court specifically notes that its decision is not
about substantive law. Chambers at *34. Defendants intentionally mislead the court by
omitting the following quote from the case: “[F]ee shifting here is not a matter of substantive
remedy....” Id. Emphasis added. In addition, attorney-client collusion in fraud is an extrinsic
fraud claim. The extrinsic fraud in Chambers included Chambers’ attorney intentionally
withholding information from the court, Id. at *37, the court warning lawyer and client their
conduct was unethical, Id., and a finding by the district court that the attorney and client
“continued to abuse the judicial process.” Id. at *38. The U.S. Supreme Court and 2nd Circuit
in decisions after Chambers do not interpret it the way Defendants urge.
Only one U.S. Supreme Court case after Chambers mentions diversity and substantive
state law. Ortiz v. Fibreboard Corp, 527 U.S. 815 (1999), held that “Congress never gave, nor
did the federal courts ever claim, the power to deny substantive rights created by State law or to
create substantive rights denied by State law” (quoting Guaranty Trust Co, supra).
Seven years after Chambers this court held that “it is incumbent upon a federal district
court sitting on a diversity action to apply substantive state law.” Rowe v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc.,
11 F. Supp.2d 265. Neither the U.S. Supreme Court nor this court nor any federal court regard
Chambers as support for the novel notion advanced by Defendants - that a federal court sitting in
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diversity can ignore substantive state law merely upon the allegation of intrinsic fraud by one
party against another - a clear substantive law issue.
As Chambers points out, the imposition of attorney fee sanctions is not a substantive
law issue. Therefore, the Erie-Tompkins doctrine is not triggered.
No federal court interprets Chambers in the contorted way Defendants’ urge in their
response, Doc. No. 433. No federal court discusses the ability to dismiss a diversity case amidst
intrinsic fraud claims - logically - because it cannot be done. Such circumstances are what jury
trials are designed for.
C. TWO INAPPLICABLE ADMITTED FRAUD CASES
Aoude v. Mobil Oil Corp., 892 F.2d 1115 (1st Cir. 1989) is a case involving admitted
fraud before the court. See Aoude at 1117. Sun World, Inc. v. Lizarazu Olivarria, 144 FRD 384
(E.D. Cal. 1992) is a case of admitted fraud. See Sun World at *389.
Cases of admitted fraud are distinguishable and inapplicable on that basis alone. Neither
of these two cases raise state substantive law in opposition.
D. INAPPLICABLE FAILURE TO PROSECUTE CASE
One of Defendants’ cases is a dismissal for "failure to prosecute." Link v. Wabash R.R.
Co. 370 U.S. 626 (1962). This is also inapplicable to Defendants’ intrinsic fraud allegations.
E. THREE INAPPLICABLE DIVERSITY CASES
FAILING TO RAISE SUBSTANTIVE STATE LAW ISSUE
Three other cases in Doc. No. 319 are diversity cases which never considered the
application of substantive state law. Defendants’ cannot rely on cases as precedent for holdings
they claim are implied by their decisions.
“Questions which merely lurk in the record, neither brought to the attention of the court
nor ruled upon, are not to be considered as having so decided as to constitute precedents.”
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Webster v. Fall, 266 U.S. 507, 511 (1925); see also United States v. L.A. Tucker Truck Lines,
Inc., 344 U.S. 33, 37-38 (1952).
One of those three diversity cases not discussing the substantive law issue is DAG Jewish
Directories, Inc. v. Y & R Media, LLC, No. 09-7802, 2010 WL 3219292. The facts of that case
differ from those alleged by Defendants here. See Dag Jewish Directories at *2.
In DAG Jewish Directories a party offered the copy of a document as authentic. The
court ruled that the original of the document trumped the copy and regarded the original as proof
that the ‘copy’ was fabricated.
Only one case has ever cited to DAG Jewish Directories. See Zimmerman v. Poly Prep
Country Day Sch., 09 CV 4586 FB, 2012 WL 2049493 (E.D.N.Y. June 6, 2012). Zimmerman
did not discuss the substantive law issue either because it is a federal question case.
The second of the three diversity cases in Defendants’ motion is Jensen v. Phillips Screw
Co., 546 F. 3d 59 (1st Cir. 2008). Jensen is a First Circuit class action case and not a dismissal,
but an award of attorneys fees against an attorney for a violation of 28 U.S.C. § 1927 - abuse of
the judicial process. Defendants have not alleged attorney misconduct.
The final case of the three diversity cases in Defendants’ motion to dismiss, Doc. No.
319, is Cook v. American S.S. Co.134 F.3d 771 (6th Cir. 1998). The Cook court imposed
attorney sanctions for “vexatiously” multiplying proceedings after the attorney's physical assault
of opposing counsel causing a mistrial. No substantive law argument was made or discussed in
the opinion.
The bottom line question is what would a New York state court do when faced with
Defendants’ claim of intrinsic fraud? Likewise, what would a New York state court do when
faced with Plaintiff’s claims of intrinsic fraud? Common sense dictates that if a judgment
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cannot be reversed merely upon an allegation of intrinsic fraud, neither can a case be prevented
from proceeding to judgment based upon intrinsic fraud allegations. “Trial by jury is a
fundamental guaranty of the rights of the people, and judges should not search the evidence with
meticulous care to deprive litigants of jury trials.” Tarter v. United States, 17 F. Supp. 691, 69293 (W.D. Ky. 1937).
The rationale under New York law that prohibits judgment reversals upon allegations of
intrinsic fraud is simple - the litigant had their opportunity to root out that alleged intrinsic fraud
at trial. Likewise, here, Defendants have a remedy for the alleged intrinsic fraud - a jury trial.
Defendants’ concede that parties cannot re-litigate judgments obtained by intrinsic fraud.
But their theory in Doc. No. 319 is that case law somehow permits the pre-litigation of cases
based upon intrinsic fraud. Defendants’ argument, if accepted by this court, opens the floodgate
for every party to attempt to obtain a non-jury trial with the court and if unsuccessful make a
second attempt to prevail with a jury. This court would undoubtedly find many litigants willing
to take advantage of this new loophole around the 7th Amendment.
ADDITIONAL INAPPLICABLE CASES IN DEFENDANTS’ RESPONSE, DOC. NO. 433
Defendants’ cite to five additional inapplicable cases in their response. Corto v. Nat’l
Scenery Studios, 1997 WL 225124 is a federal bankruptcy case not discussing the applicability
of substantive state law. Schwarz v. FedEx Kinko’s Office, 2009 WL 3459217 is cited by
Defendants for a comment in a footnote. Doc. No. 433 at 3. Schwarz discusses a federal court’s
ability to impose spoliation sanctions and notes that those sanctions are not substantive. Id. at
*6 n.4. Freedom, N.Y., Inc., v. United States 438 F.Supp 2d 457 is not a diversity case. People
v. Terry 45 F.3d 17 is not a diversity case. It discusses a federal court’s authority to punish
litigants for contempt.
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NASCO, Inc. v. Calcasieu Television & Radio, Inc. 894 F.2d 696 is another name for the
Chambers case discussed above which held that “in diversity cases, Erie required issues
significantly affecting the outcome of the litigation to be decided under state law.” Id. at
*704. Emphasis added.
DEFENDANTS’ ADMISSION THAT DOC. NO. 319 IS NOT
WARRANTED BY EXISTING LAW
Defendants’ argue that post-judgment reversal cases “simply have no bearing on a court’s
power to dismiss an ongoing case as a sanction for fraud or other litigation misconduct.” Doc.
433, at 5. In contradiction to this contention, Defendants’ Doc. No. 319 and Doc. No. 433 rely
on the holdings in post judgment reversal cases, while misstating the holdings of those cases and
selectively quoting from them as Plaintiff has exposed above.
CONCLUSION
Defendants reliance on Chambers is false and misleading. The remaining cases they
offer in their response, Doc. No. 433, are likewise unavailing. No federal or state cases have
held that dismissals for allegations of intrinsic fraud are permitted. No federal case sitting in
diversity has held that allegations of intrinsic fraud can support dismissal of a case regardless of
contrary authority under substantive state law. The dismissal remedy Defendants seek is
unavailable under New York state law. Therefore, the limited expert discovery ordered in Doc.
No. 348 is premised on Defendants’ groundless legal arguments and should be vacated. Once
vacated, Defendants cannot show good cause why a 16(b) conference should not be held placing
the case into orderly and regular discovery. The court has seen Plaintiff’s expert reports which
overwhelming establish the authenticity of the Facebook Contract.
Defendants’ inaccurately claim that Plaintiff argues the “court is powerless” to confront
fraud by litigants. Doc. No. 433 at 2. In reality it is Defendants who are powerless to co-opt the
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court’s authority to violate Plaintiff’s Constitutional rights. Defendants’ palpable outrage is their
shock that their usual power and influence over individual citizens outside the court is ineffective
within it. This court’s power ensures that Defendants have no more rights or privileges than any
average American citizen.
For the reasons set forth in Plaintiff’s memorandum, Doc. No. 427 and this reply,
Plaintiff respectfully requests this court vacate its order, Doc. No. 348 and schedule a 16(b)
discovery conference at its earliest convenience.
Respectfully submitted,
/s/Dean Boland
Paul A. Argentieri
188 Main Street
Hornell, NY 14843
607-324-3232 phone
607-324-6188
paul.argentieri@gmail.com
Dean Boland
1475 Warren Road
Unit 770724
Lakewood, Ohio 44107
216-236-8080 phone
866-455-1267 fax
dean@bolandlegal.com
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