Aponte-Davila v. Municipality of Caguas et al

Filing 321

Certification of Issue to the Puerto Rico Supreme Court. The Clerk of Court shall transmit this Certification to the Clerk of the Puerto Rico Supreme Court pursuant to P.R.Laws Ann. tit. 4 Ap. XXI-B, R. 25. Signed by Ju dge Pedro A. Delgado-Hernandez on 7/17/2017. (Attachments: # 1 Appendix, # 2 Docket Sheet, # 3 Opinion and Order, # 4 Attachment A O&O, # 5 Attachment B O&O, # 6 Complaint, # 7 Opinion and Order, # 8 First Circuit Opinion, # 9 Expert Report)(LMR)

Case 3:13-cv-01367-PAD Document 320-1 Filed 07/17/17 Page 1 of 9

S0201

SELECTED POPULATION PROFILE IN THE UNITED STATES
2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

Supporting documentation on code lists, subject definitions, data accuracy, and statistical testing can be found on the American Community Survey
website in the Data and Documentation section.

7

Sample size and data quality measures (including coverage rates, allocation rates, and response rates) can be found on the American Community
Survey website in the Methodology section.

United States
Puerto Rican (260-269)
Estimate
Margin of Error

dg
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n

Subject

7/

13
/2

01

Although the American Community Survey (ACS) produces population, demographic and housing unit estimates, it is the Census Bureau's Population
Estimates Program that produces and disseminates the official estimates of the population for the nation, states, counties, cities and towns and
estimates of housing units for states and counties.

TOTAL NUMBER OF RACES REPORTED
Total population
One race
Two races
Three races
Four or more races

Median age (years)
18 years and over
21 years and over
62 years and over
65 years and over
Under 18 years
Male
Female

1 of 9

Ju

by

SEX AND AGE
Total population
Male
Female

+/-57,569
+/-0.3
+/-0.3
+/-0.1
+/-0.1

+/-57,569
+/-0.3
+/-0.3

8.8%
22.2%
11.8%
15.2%
13.8%
11.8%
8.3%
5.0%
3.1%

+/-0.2
+/-0.3
+/-0.3
+/-0.3
+/-0.3
+/-0.3
+/-0.2
+/-0.1
+/-0.1

29.5

+/-0.3

69.0%
63.7%
10.2%
8.0%

+/-0.4
+/-0.4
+/-0.2
+/-0.2

1,665,639
51.0%
49.0%

+/-30,745
+/-0.6
+/-0.6

st

vi

ew

ed

5,372,759
49.4%
50.6%

La

Under 5 years
5 to 17 years
18 to 24 years
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
55 to 64 years
65 to 74 years
75 years and over

5,372,759
91.9%
6.8%
1.2%
0.2%

App. to Cert. - 0072
07/13/2017

Subject

United States

Case 3:13-cv-01367-PAD Document 320-1 Filed 07/17/17 Page 2 of 9
Puerto Rican (260-269)

+/-21,117
+/-0.6
+/-0.6

35 to 64 years
Male
Female

1,821,675
48.7%
51.3%

+/-26,832
+/-0.5
+/-0.5

432,091
42.9%
57.1%

+/-8,329
+/-1.0
+/-1.0

5,217,080
43.6%
39.5%
9.9%
7.0%
3.2%

+/-57,711
+/-0.4
+/-0.4
+/-0.3
+/-0.2
+/-0.1

+/-20,656
+/-0.6
+/-0.7

36.7%
17.3%

+/-0.6
+/-0.5

24.8%

+/-0.6

15.9%

+/-0.6

31.6%
15.4%
11.8%
3.6%
16.2%
13.3%
2.9%

+/-0.6
+/-0.5
+/-0.5
+/-0.2
+/-0.4
+/-0.4
+/-0.2

2.88
3.47

+/-0.02
+/-0.03

MARITAL STATUS
Population 15 years and over
Now married, except separated
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
Never married

3,976,141
34.6%
3.8%
11.3%
3.3%
47.1%

+/-41,509
+/-0.5
+/-0.2
+/-0.3
+/-0.1
+/-0.4

Male 15 years and over
Now married, except separated
Widowed
Divorced
Separated

1,940,463
36.8%
1.8%
9.3%
2.3%

+/-24,351
+/-0.7
+/-0.1
+/-0.4
+/-0.2

La

Average household size
Average family size

st

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ed

With own children of the householder under 18
years
Nonfamily households
Male householder
Living alone
Not living alone
Female householder
Living alone
Not living alone

Ju

1,672,247
68.4%
36.8%

by

HOUSEHOLDS BY TYPE
Households
Family households
With own children of the householder under 18
years
Married-couple family
With own children of the householder under 18
years
Female householder, no husband present, family

dg
eo

RELATIONSHIP
Population in households
Householder or spouse
Child
Other relatives
Nonrelatives
Unmarried partner

n

65 years and over
Male
Female

01

1,453,354
50.4%
49.6%

13
/2

18 to 34 years
Male
Female

7

Margin of Error
+/-38,737
+/-0.3
+/-0.3

7/

Estimate
3,707,120
48.7%
51.3%

18 years and over
Male
Female

2 of 9

App. to Cert. - 0073
07/13/2017

Subject

United States

Case 3:13-cv-01367-PAD Document 320-1 Filed 07/17/17 Page 3 of 9
Puerto Rican (260-269)

828,251
73.4%
19.6%
857,892
69.8%
24.0%

+/-17,324
+/-0.8
+/-0.8
+/-18,260
+/-0.8
+/-0.9

n

Male 3 years and over enrolled in school
Percent enrolled in kindergarten to grade 12
Percent enrolled in college or graduate school
Female 3 years and over enrolled in school
Percent enrolled in kindergarten to grade 12
Percent enrolled in college or graduate school

7

+/-29,096
+/-0.3
+/-0.3
+/-0.7
+/-0.6
+/-0.7

01

1,686,143
6.6%
5.7%
44.0%
21.9%
21.9%

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
Population 3 years and over enrolled in school
Nursery school, preschool
Kindergarten
Elementary school (grades 1-8)
High school (grades 9-12)
College or graduate school

+/-25,472
+/-0.6
+/-0.3
+/-0.4
+/-0.2
+/-0.6

13
/2

2,035,678
32.4%
5.7%
13.3%
4.2%
44.5%

Female 15 years and over
Now married, except separated
Widowed
Divorced
Separated
Never married

Margin of Error
+/-0.6

7/

Estimate
49.8%

Never married

+/-33,802
+/-0.5
+/-0.5
+/-0.5
+/-0.4
+/-0.2

78.9%
78.0%
79.7%
18.4%
16.5%
20.1%

+/-0.5
+/-0.6
+/-0.6
+/-0.4
+/-0.5
+/-0.6

1,434,279
76,696

+/-21,104
+/-4,892

46,013

+/-3,996

60.0%

+/-3.6

2,648,214
5.4%
33.2%

+/-31,072
+/-0.3
+/-2.9

VETERAN STATUS
Civilian population 18 years and over
Civilian veteran

3,675,001
6.0%

+/-38,970
+/-0.2

DISABILITY STATUS
Total civilian noninstitutionalized population

5,257,679

+/-57,776

ed

ew

High school graduate or higher
Male, high school graduate or higher
Female, high school graduate or higher
Bachelor's degree or higher
Male, bachelor's degree or higher
Female, bachelor's degree or higher

Ju

3,070,898
21.1%
29.7%
30.8%
12.2%
6.1%

by

dg
eo

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Population 25 years and over
Less than high school diploma
High school graduate (includes equivalency)
Some college or associate's degree
Bachelor's degree
Graduate or professional degree

La

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vi

FERTILITY
Women 15 to 50 years
Women 15 to 50 years who had a birth in the past 12
months
Unmarried women 15 to 50 years who had a birth in
the past 12 months
As a percent of all women with a birth in the past
12 months
RESPONSIBILITY FOR GRANDCHILDREN UNDER 18
YEARS
Population 30 years and over
Grandparents living with grandchild(ren)
Grandparents responsible for grandchildren as a
percentage of living with grandchildren

3 of 9

App. to Cert. - 0074
07/13/2017

Subject

United States

+/-30,764

7.0%

+/-0.4

3,175,460

+/-37,381

14.1%

+/-0.4

420,900

+/-8,189

42.8%

+/-1.3

RESIDENCE 1 YEAR AGO
Population 1 year and over
Same house
Different house in the U.S.
Same county
Different county
Same state
Different state
Abroad

5,282,558
81.7%
16.7%
10.9%
5.8%
3.1%
2.7%
1.6%

+/-56,161
+/-0.5
+/-0.5
+/-0.4
+/-0.3
+/-0.2
+/-0.2
+/-0.2

PLACE OF BIRTH, CITIZENSHIP STATUS AND YEAR
OF ENTRY
Native
Male
Female

5,277,840
49.4%
50.6%

+/-55,751
+/-0.3
+/-0.3

94,919
51.0%
49.0%

+/-6,673
+/-2.7
+/-2.7

46,204
47.6%
52.4%

+/-4,925
+/-3.7
+/-3.7

48,715
54.2%
45.8%

+/-4,696
+/-4.1
+/-4.1

94,919
13.0%
30.2%
56.9%

+/-6,673
+/-2.1
+/-2.8
+/-3.1

94,865

+/-6,675

5.6%
3.7%
0.8%
0.1%
89.5%
0.2%

+/-1.3
+/-1.1
+/-0.5
+/-0.2
+/-2.0
+/-0.2

4,899,066
39.3%

+/-50,320
+/-0.5

With a disability

With a disability

7/

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 65 years and
older
With a disability

dg
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Ju

Foreign born
Male
Female

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Foreign born; not a U.S. citizen
Male
Female

ed

Foreign born; naturalized U.S. citizen
Male
Female

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Population born outside the United States
Entered 2010 or later
Entered 2000 to 2009
Entered before 2000

WORLD REGION OF BIRTH OF FOREIGN BORN
Foreign-born population excluding population born at
sea
Europe
Asia
Africa
Oceania
Latin America
Northern America
LANGUAGE SPOKEN AT HOME AND ABILITY TO
SPEAK ENGLISH
Population 5 years and over
English only

4 of 9

n

Civilian noninstitutionalized population 18 to 64 years

01

1,661,319

Civilian noninstitutionalized population under 18 years

7

Margin of Error
+/-0.3

With a disability

13
/2

Estimate
14.1%

by

Case 3:13-cv-01367-PAD Document 320-1 Filed 07/17/17 Page 4 of 9
Puerto Rican (260-269)

App. to Cert. - 0075
07/13/2017

Subject

United States

Case 3:13-cv-01367-PAD Document 320-1 Filed 07/17/17 Page 5 of 9
Puerto Rican (260-269)

+/-40,682
+/-0.5
+/-0.5
+/-0.5
+/-0.2
+/-0.4
+/-0.1
+/-0.5

Females 16 years and over
In labor force
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment Rate

1,989,954
59.0%
58.8%
53.4%
5.5%
9.3%

+/-24,352
+/-0.6
+/-0.6
+/-0.6
+/-0.3
+/-0.5

2,136,711
67.3%
10.6%
12.8%
4.5%
2.0%
2.9%
28.7

+/-29,736
+/-0.6
+/-0.4
+/-0.4
+/-0.2
+/-0.2
+/-0.2
+/-0.3

OCCUPATION
Civilian employed population 16 years and over
Management, business, science, and arts
occupations
Service occupations
Sales and office occupations
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

Ju

n

dg
eo

COMMUTING TO WORK
Workers 16 years and over
Car, truck, or van - drove alone
Car, truck, or van - carpooled
Public transportation (excluding taxicab)
Walked
Other means
Worked at home
Mean travel time to work (minutes)

01

3,885,458
62.2%
61.4%
55.5%
5.9%
9.6%
0.8%
37.8%

13
/2

EMPLOYMENT STATUS
Population 16 years and over
In labor force
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment Rate
Armed Forces
Not in labor force

7

Margin of Error
+/-0.5
+/-0.4

7/

Estimate
60.7%
16.7%

Language other than English
Speak English less than "very well"

+/-29,994
+/-0.5

22.9%
27.8%
7.4%

+/-0.6
+/-0.6
+/-0.4

14.0%

+/-0.4

1,094,248

+/-19,977

Management, business, science, and arts
occupations
Service occupations
Sales and office occupations
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

23.0%

+/-0.7

21.7%
19.9%
14.0%

+/-0.8
+/-0.9
+/-0.7

21.4%

+/-0.8

Female civilian employed population 16 years and
over
Management, business, science, and arts
occupations
Service occupations
Sales and office occupations
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations

1,061,707

+/-17,902

33.0%

+/-0.8

24.1%
36.0%
0.7%

+/-0.8
+/-0.9
+/-0.1

6.3%

+/-0.4

vi

ew

ed

by

2,155,955
27.9%

La

st

Male civilian employed population 16 years and over

INDUSTRY
5 of 9

App. to Cert. - 0076
07/13/2017

Subject

United States

Case 3:13-cv-01367-PAD Document 320-1 Filed 07/17/17 Page 6 of 9
Puerto Rican (260-269)

+/-0.3
+/-0.3
+/-0.2
+/-0.4
+/-0.2
+/-0.2
+/-0.3

11.1%

+/-0.4

23.6%

+/-0.5

11.2%

+/-0.4

4.3%
5.7%

+/-0.3
+/-0.3

2,155,955
82.2%
14.7%
3.0%

+/-29,994
+/-0.5
+/-0.4
+/-0.2

0.1%

+/-0.1

n
dg
eo
+/-20,656
+/-619
+/-0.5
+/-867
+/-0.5
+/-268
+/-0.4
+/-205
+/-0.3
+/-193
+/-0.4
+/-1,083
+/-0.7
+/-17,277
+/-1,058
+/-0.8
+/-1,280
+/-0.6
+/-1,987
+/-0.8

25,655
5,372,759
19,356

+/-954
+/-57,569
+/-269

833,870
692,873

+/-16,907
+/-13,980

51,884
43,168

+/-882
+/-804

40,835

+/-401

by

Ju

1,672,247
40,774
77.4%
62,576
24.2%
14,159
12.1%
8,965
6.5%
3,551
10.6%
21,398
30.9%
1,143,759
45,693
53.6%
70,516
10.0%
35,392
36.3%

La

st

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ew

ed

CLASS OF WORKER
Civilian employed population 16 years and over
Private wage and salary workers
Government workers
Self-employed workers in own not incorporated
business
Unpaid family workers
INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS (IN 2015
INFLATION-ADJUSTED DOLLARS)
Households
Median household income (dollars)
With earnings
Mean earnings (dollars)
With Social Security income
Mean Social Security income (dollars)
With Supplemental Security Income
Mean Supplemental Security Income (dollars)
With cash public assistance income
Mean cash public assistance income (dollars)
With retirement income
Mean retirement income (dollars)
With Food Stamp/SNAP benefits
Families
Median family income (dollars)
Married-couple family
Median income (dollars)
Male householder, no spouse present, family
Median income (dollars)
Female householder, no husband present, family
Median income (dollars)
Individuals
Per capita income (dollars)
With earnings for full-time, year-round workers:
Male
Female
Mean earnings (dollars) for full-time, year-round
workers:
Male
Female
Median earnings (dollars) full-time, year-round
workers:
Male

6 of 9

01

4.7%
8.3%
2.5%
13.2%
6.2%
2.1%
6.6%

Construction
Manufacturing
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Transportation and warehousing, and utilities
Information
Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental
and leasing
Professional, scientific, and management, and
administrative and waste management services
Educational services, and health care and social
assistance
Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and
accommodation and food services
Other services (except public administration)
Public administration

7

Margin of Error
+/-29,994
+/-0.1

13
/2

Estimate
2,155,955
0.4%

7/

Civilian employed population 16 years and over
Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining

App. to Cert. - 0077
07/13/2017

Subject

United States

Case 3:13-cv-01367-PAD Document 320-1 Filed 07/17/17 Page 7 of 9
Puerto Rican (260-269)

+/-57,776
+/-0.6
+/-0.5
+/-0.3

+/-0.9
+/-1.2

26.3%

+/-2.2

8.9%
11.2%

+/-0.9
+/-1.2

9.9%

+/-2.3

39.3%

+/-1.5

With related children of the householder under 18
years
With related children of the householder under 5
years only
All people
Under 18 years
Related children of the householder under 18 years

47.1%

+/-1.7

48.0%

+/-4.3

24.6%
31.8%
31.5%

+/-0.7
+/-1.2
+/-1.2

Related children of the householder under 5 years

33.5%

+/-1.4

Related children of the householder 5 to 17 years

30.7%

+/-1.3

21.3%
21.3%
21.3%
22.2%
36.4%

+/-0.6
+/-0.6
+/-1.2
+/-0.8
+/-0.9

La

st

7 of 9

n

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Ju
by

1,672,247
36.1%
63.9%
3.13
2.74

+/-20,656
+/-0.6
+/-0.6
+/-0.04
+/-0.03

1,672,247
46.0%
17.9%
33.9%
2.3%

+/-20,656
+/-0.6
+/-0.5
+/-0.6
+/-0.2

1,672,247
0.5%
2.5%
12.9%
22.3%
22.6%
17.8%
21.5%

+/-20,656
+/-0.1
+/-0.2
+/-0.5
+/-0.6
+/-0.5
+/-0.5
+/-0.5

1,672,247
22.4%
77.6%

+/-20,656
+/-0.5
+/-0.5

1,672,247

+/-20,656

ed

vi

ew

18 years and over
18 to 64 years
65 years and over
People in families
Unrelated individuals 15 years and over
HOUSING TENURE
Occupied housing units
Owner-occupied housing units
Renter-occupied housing units
Average household size of owner-occupied unit
Average household size of renter-occupied unit
UNITS IN STRUCTURE
Occupied housing units
1-unit, detached or attached
2 to 4 units
5 or more units
Mobile home, boat, RV, van, etc.
YEAR STRUCTURE BUILT
Occupied housing units
Built 2014 or later
Built 2010 to 2013
Built 2000 to 2009
Built 1980 to 1999
Built 1960 to 1979
Built 1940 to 1959
Built 1939 or earlier
VEHICLES AVAILABLE
Occupied housing units
None
1 or more
HOUSE HEATING FUEL
Occupied housing units

01

21.4%
28.7%

13
/2

5,257,679
52.9%
45.4%
8.5%

7

Margin of Error
+/-465

7/

Estimate
35,339

Female
HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE
Civilian noninstitutionalized population
With private health insurance
With public coverage
No health insurance coverage
POVERTY RATES FOR FAMILIES AND PEOPLE FOR
WHOM POVERTY STATUS IS DETERMINED
All families
With related children of the householder under 18
years
With related children of the householder under 5
years only
Married-couple family
With related children of the householder under 18
years
With related children of the householder under 5
years only
Female householder, no husband present, family

App. to Cert. - 0078
07/13/2017

Subject

United States

Case 3:13-cv-01367-PAD Document 320-1 Filed 07/17/17 Page 8 of 9
Puerto Rican (260-269)

+/-20,656
+/-0.3
+/-0.3

+/-12,369

62.8%
37.2%

+/-1.3
+/-1.3

604,349
189,900
1,552

+/-14,182
+/-3,456
+/-25

491

+/-14

1,011,431

+/-15,299

42.0%
58.0%

+/-1.0
+/-1.0

01

454,324

13
/2

1,672,247
3.7%
5.0%

7

Margin of Error
+/-0.6
+/-0.6
+/-0.4
+/-0.1

dg
eo

n

7/

Estimate
47.5%
40.3%
10.6%
1.6%

+/-15,496
+/-8

1,672,247
85.0%
73.2%

+/-20,656
+/-0.5
+/-0.6

Ju

1,038,667
968

by

Gas
Electricity
All other fuels
No fuel used
SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS
Occupied housing units
No telephone service available
1.01 or more occupants per room
SELECTED MONTHLY OWNER COSTS AS A
PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE
PAST 12 MONTHS
Housing units with a mortgage (excluding units where
SMOC cannot be computed)
Less than 30 percent
30 percent or more
OWNER CHARACTERISTICS
Owner-occupied housing units
Median value (dollars)
Median selected monthly owner costs with a
mortgage (dollars)
Median selected monthly owner costs without a
mortgage (dollars)
GROSS RENT AS A PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLD
INCOME IN THE PAST 12 MONTHS
Occupied units paying rent (excluding units where
GRAPI cannot be computed)
Less than 30 percent
30 percent or more
GROSS RENT
Occupied units paying rent
Median gross rent (dollars)
COMPUTERS AND INTERNET USE
Total households
With a computer
With a broadband Internet subscription

vi

ew

ed

Data are based on a sample and are subject to sampling variability. The degree of uncertainty for an estimate arising from sampling variability is
represented through the use of a margin of error. The value shown here is the 90 percent margin of error. The margin of error can be interpreted
roughly as providing a 90 percent probability that the interval defined by the estimate minus the margin of error and the estimate plus the margin of
error (the lower and upper confidence bounds) contains the true value. In addition to sampling variability, the ACS estimates are subject to
nonsampling error (for a discussion of nonsampling variability, see Accuracy of the Data). The effect of nonsampling error is not represented in these
tables.

La

st

Data for the households, families, occupied housing units, owner-occupied housing units, and renter-occupied housing units lines refer to the specified
race, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian or Alaska Native, or ancestry of the householder shown in the table. Data in the "Total population" column
are shown regardless of the race, Hispanic or Latino, American Indian or Alaska Native, or ancestry of the person.

Due to methodological changes to data collection that began in data year 2013, comparisons of language estimates from that point to estimates from
2013 forward should be made with caution. For more information, see: Language User Note.

The Census Bureau introduced a new set of disability questions in the 2008 ACS questionnaire. Accordingly, comparisons of disability data from 2008
or later with data from prior years are not recommended. For more information on these questions and their evaluation in the 2006 ACS Content Test,
see the Evaluation Report Covering Disability.
Employment and unemployment estimates may vary from the official labor force data released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics because of
differences in survey design and data collection. For guidance on differences in employment and unemployment estimates from different sources go
to Labor Force Guidance.
Industry codes are 4-digit codes and are based on the North American Industry Classification System 2012. The Industry categories adhere to the
guidelines issued in Clarification Memorandum No. 2, "NAICS Alternate Aggregation Structure for Use By U.S. Statistical Agencies," issued by the
Office of Management and Budget.

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Occupation codes are 4-digit codes and are based on Standard Occupational Classification 2010.
Logical coverage edits applying a rules-based assignment of Medicaid, Medicare and military health coverage were added as of 2009 -- please see
http://www.census.gov/library/working-papers/2010/demo/coverage_edits_final.html for more details. The 2008 data table in American FactFinder
does not incorporate these edits. Therefore, the estimates that appear in these tables are not comparable to the estimates in the 2009 and later
tables. Select geographies of 2008 data comparable to the 2009 and later tables are available at http://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/acs/1year-re-run-health-insurance.html. The health insurance coverage category names were modified in 2010. See
http://www.census.gov/topics/health/health-insurance/about/glossary.html#par_textimage_18 for a list of the insurance type definitions.

The category "with a broadband Internet subscription" refers to those who said "Yes" to a DSL, cable, fiberoptic, mobile broadband, satellite, or fixed
wireless subscription.

While the 2015 American Community Survey (ACS) data generally reflect the February 2013 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) definitions of
metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas; in certain instances the names, codes, and boundaries of the principal cities shown in ACS tables may
differ from the OMB definitions due to differences in the effective dates of the geographic entities.

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Estimates of urban and rural population, housing units, and characteristics reflect boundaries of urban areas defined based on Census 2010 data. As
a result, data for urban and rural areas from the ACS do not necessarily reflect the results of ongoing urbanization.

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2015 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates
Explanation of Symbols:

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st

vi

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by

Ju

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n

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1. An '**' entry in the margin of error column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to
compute a standard error and thus the margin of error. A statistical test is not appropriate.
2. An '-' entry in the estimate column indicates that either no sample observations or too few sample observations were available to compute an
estimate, or a ratio of medians cannot be calculated because one or both of the median estimates falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an
open-ended distribution.
3. An '-' following a median estimate means the median falls in the lowest interval of an open-ended distribution.
4. An '+' following a median estimate means the median falls in the upper interval of an open-ended distribution.
5. An '***' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the median falls in the lowest interval or upper interval of an open-ended distribution. A
statistical test is not appropriate.
6. An '*****' entry in the margin of error column indicates that the estimate is controlled. A statistical test for sampling variability is not appropriate.
7. An 'N' entry in the estimate and margin of error columns indicates that data for this geographic area cannot be displayed because the number of
sample cases is too small.
8. An '(X)' means that the estimate is not applicable or not available.

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