IP Innovation LLC et al v. Google, Inc.

Filing 78

AFFIDAVIT in Support Declaration of Norman I. Badler, Ph.D Regarding Claim Construction for U.S. Patent No. 5,276,785 re: 75 by Google, Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B)(Beck, David)

EXHIBIT A

Gurriculum Vita
Norman I. Badler
September 8,2009

Professor Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 1 9 I 04-6389 (215) 89S-5862 voice, [phone] fax
123 Buck Lane

Haverford, PA 19041

(2rs)-642-sr34
Born: Los Angeles, CA: May 3,1948 Manied: June 14, 1968 Two children
Citizen of the United States of America

Research lnterests
Computer Graphics Human movement simulation and animation Crowd simulation Kinematics and dynamics Embodied agent models Interactive software and systems design Facial expression synthesis Virtual training systems Instruction generation and presentation Artificial Intelligence Process simulation and reasoning Semantics of motion and action Integrated graphics and language systems Archaeological site reconstruction

Employment History
2001--2005: Associate Dean, SEAS, UPenn.

1987-present: Professor, Department of Computer and Information Science, LIPenn' 1989-1994: Cecilia Fitler Moore Chair of Computer and Information Science, UPenn.

1979-1986: Associate Professor, Department of Computer and Information Science, UPenn. 1986-present: Graduate Group, Department of Bioengineering; UPenn. 1985-1991: Graduate Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, UPenn.

I974-1979: Assistant Professor, Department of Computer and Information Science,
UPenn.

1973-1974 Lecturer, Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto.
1970-1973: Teaching Assistant, Universþ of Toronto; Departments of Mathematics and Computer Science. 1969-1970: Programmer, then Programming Supervisor for Optical Character Recognition project at Kramer Research, Inc', Santa Barbara, CA' Ed

ucation (post secondary)

Ph.D. in Computer Science, University of Toronto, 1975. Dissertation title: "Temporal Scene Analysis: Conceptual Descriptions of Object Movements." Dissertation supervisor: Dr. John Mylopoulos. Primary thesis readers: Dr. Ron Baecker, University of Toronto, and Dr. Jerome Feldman, University of Rochester.

M.A. (Honorary), University of Pennsylvania,

1979.

MSc. in Mathematics, University of Toronto, 1971'

BA (with highest honors) in College of Creative Studies, emphasis in Mathematics; Univers ity of Cal ifornia, Santa B arbara, 19 66 - 197 0'

Grants and Gontracts

l.
2. 3. 4.
5. 6.

2009 Lockheed-Martin: "SHIPMATE: Streamlining Human Integration Processes by

Managing Automated Techniques for Evaluating Ship Design, Visualizing Crew Tasks, and Facilitating Training", $75,000 (4-09 to 12-09). 2008 U.S. Air Force: "Virtual Coaching Agent for Team Training", S172,000 (3-08 to 6-0e). 2007 U.S. Air Force: "Extending Interactive Electronic Technical Manuals (IETMs) with Real and Virtual Animated Content for Maintenance Task Training", $165,000 (1 1-07 to 3-09). 2007 U.S. Army MURI (with M. Marcus and other partners): "SUBTLE: Situation understanding Bot Through Language and Environment", -$1,200,000 (7-07 to 6-10). 2007 U.S. Air Force: "Untethered Motion Capture Evaluation for Flightline Maintenance", $137,000 (5-07 to 7-08).
2006 NSF SGER (with M. Marcus):

"ASL Classifier Predicates and Animations",

-$80,000 (10-05 to 9-06).

7.
8.

2005 Navy Special Warfare: "Realistic Computer Generated Paper Targets", $89,200 (1-06 to 12-06).

2005 U.S. Air Force: "Advanced Visual and Instruction Systems for Maintenanoe Support", $200,000 (7-05 to 9-06).
2005 NASA (with NASA and Orbitec partners): RIVET: Rapid Interactive Visualization for Extensible Training", $450K 7-05 to 5-07.

9.

10. 2005 U.S.

Army (with B. Silverman and R. Eidelson): "Modeling of Crowd and Leader Behavior", $591,109 (7-05 to 6-07). "Virtual Human Testbed Extensions", $35,000 (4-05 to 120s).

11. 2005 Lockheed-Martin:

12.2005 NSF REU Supplement: Synthesis and Analysis of Communicative Gestures", $15,000 13.2004 Lockheed-Martin: "Virtual Human Testbed Extensions", $80,000 (1-04 to 1204). 14.2004 NASA (with NASA and Orbitec partners): RIVET: Rapid Interactive Visualization for Extensible Training", $150,000 7-04 to 6-05. 15.2004 NSF REU Supplement: Synthesis and Analysis of Communicative Gestures", $12,000 16.2004 ONR: VIRTE: Enhanced real and virrual player actions", $270K (1-04 to 9-06).

t7.2003 Lockheed-Martin: "Virtual Human Testbed", $100,000 (1-03 to 12-03).
18.2002 NSF (with D. Metaxas): "synthesis and Analysis of Communicative Gestures", S400,000 (9-02 to 8-05). 19.2002 Eon Reality: Software match, -$200,000.

20.2002 NSF: "LiveActor Facility", $150,000 (9-02 to 8-05)

2I.2002 Lockheed-Martin: "New Motion Control Tools for Virtual Human Simulations", $ 1 00,000 (3-02 to 12-02)
22.2002 Air Force: TASC Delivery Order #8: "Haptics Experiments", $78,000 (1-02 to e-02)

23.2001Army STRICOM via ICT, USC: "Personalized Motion Generation: Integrating EMOTE with DI Guy", $75,000 (4-01 to 4'02). 24.200I NASA (with M. Palmer and A. Joshi): "Crew Task Simulation for Maintenance, Training, and Safety" $250,000 (l-01 to 3-04). 25.2001Air Force: TASC Delivery Order #8: "Haptics Investigation", $84,000 (1-01 to
e-01)

26.2000 Alias-Wavefront MAYA software donation to support HMS research: -$50,000 value (9-00 to 9-01) 27.2000 Air Force HRGA Delivery Order #8 through TASC: "Automating the Validation of Maintenance Orders." $100,000 (1-00 to 12-00).

28.lggg NSF (with D. Metaxas): "Sign Language and Gesture Resource Center,"
-$300,000 (9-99 to 8-02) 29. 1999 Falbright: Joint US-Spain cooperative research agreement, -$8,000 (5-99 to 6'

0l).
30.Iggg Air Force HRGA through TASC: "Automating Maintenance Instructions." $100,000 (3-99 to 12-99).

3I.Iggg National

Science Foundation (with M. Palmer and A. Joshi): "The Actionary." $540,000 (6-99 to 5-02).

32.1998 Air Force HRGA through TASC: "Maintenance Action Representation." $85,000 (1-98 to 10-98). 33. 1998 NSF ILI (with D. Metaxas, J. Smith, and D. Kessler): "LIVE: The Laboratory for Visual Environments." $60,000 (plus $60,000 matching).

34.lggS Army Research Offîce AASERT (with D. Metaxas): "Accurate Parametric Simulation of Human Gait." $150,000 (6-98 to 5-01)'
35. 1998 National Science Foundation, Research Experience for Undergraduates: (N. Badler and M. Steedman): "synthesizing Conversation between Human-Like Cooperative Agents." $10,000 (10-97 to 12-98). 36. 1998 ONR (Consortium with University of Houston and Engineering Animation, Inc.) (N. Badler, co-PI): "Developing Virtual Environments for Training." $500,000 (5-98 to 2-01). 37. 1gg7 Army TRADOC: "Large Scale Crowd Simulation." $50,000 (ll-97 to 2-98). 38. 1gg7 ONR AASERT: "Virtual Environments for Training: Personalized Motion." $156,645 (6-97 to 5-00).
39. lggT ONR AASERT: "Real-Time Inverse Kinematics for Human Animation." $156,645 (6-97 to 5-00).

40.lgg7 ONR DURIP: "Hand Tool Manipulation and Self-Presence in VR." $110,000 (3-97 to 3-98).

4L

lgg7 National Institute of standards and Technology (with D. Metaxas): "Investigations into Creating, Authoring, and Instructing Virtual Humans'" $125,000 (7 -97 to 7 -98).

42. IggT Air Force through TASC and BBN: "Automated Maintenance Instruction Study." $86,000 (5-97 to2-98). 43.1997 NASA (with D. Metaxas and D. Newman [MIT]): "Performance Assessment using Dynamic simulation and Human Factors." $600,000 (3-97 to 3-00).
44. lggT Army Research LablHRED: "Human Figure Performance Modeling." $100,000

(2-97 to7-97).

45.lgg7 NSF, Research Experience for Undergraduates: (N. Badler and M. Steedman): "synthesizing Conversation between Human-Like Cooperative Agents." $10,000 (3-97 fo t0-97).

46. 1997 National Institute of Standards and Technology: "Towards an Integration of Jack and VRML: Joint Hierarchy Implementation and Child Database." $40,000 (1 1-96 to 9-97). 47. 1996 Air Force through BBN: "Jack/OMAR Demonstration." $36,000 (5-96 to 12e6). 48. 1996 Army HRED through ARPA: "Jack extensions" $75,000 (5-96 to 12-96).

49. 1995 Air Force: "DEPTH Technical Order Generation." $140,000 (7-95 to 4-97)
50. 1995 NSF

(with M. Steedman): "synthesizing Conversation between Human-Like Cooperative Agents." $540,000 (6-l-95 to 5-31-98).

51. 1995

Litton Data Systems: "Jack Analyses for Soldier Equipment Design Evaluation." -$8,373 (1-95 to 6-95). 52. 1995 Air Force: "A Task Networking and Visual Programming Language for Jack." $108,088 (4-1-95 to 8-31-96).

53. 1995 ARPA (Consortium with Frankin Institute, UNISYS, etc.): "Advanced Education and Training Technologies Consortium." -$750,000 (4-95 to 3-99).
54.1995 ONR (Consortium with University of Houston, Transom Technologies, Inc., and LinCom Corp.) (N. Badler, co-PI): "Developing Virtual Environments for Training." $250,000 (3-95 to 2'97). 55.1994 ARO DURIP (with R. Bajcsy): "Real-Time Human Motion Simulation and Analysis" $150,000 (lI-94 to I1-95). 56.1994 ARPA (with B. Webber, J. Clarke, S. Stansfreld,M.Zyda, and D. Pratt): "MediSim: Simulated Medical Corpsmen for Medical Forces Planning and Training." -$600,000 (8-94 to 8-96). 57. 1994 Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (with B. Webber): "Dismounted Soldier Simulation," $409,000 (8-94 to 5-95)' 58.1994 National Library of Medicine (with D. Metaxas, B. Webber, and J. Clarke): "Organ Modeling in Support of Virtual Surgery." $484,000 (3-94to2-96). 59.1994 AASERT, Army Research Office: "Building Better Anthropometric Models." $100,000 (6-94 to 5-97). 60. 1994 AASERT, ARPA (with B. Webber): "Micro-Terrain Navigation and Reasoning." $ I 00,000 (6-94 to 5-97). 61.1994 Army Research Lab: "Jack Software." 5326,000

(l-94to 12'94).

62. 1994 Sandia National Labs: "Jack in Virtual Environments." $50,000 (I-94 to 10-94).
63.1993 NASA Kennedy Space Center: "Accessibility Animation with Graphical Human Models." $50,000 (9-93 to 6-94). 64.1993 NSF: "standards for Facial Models Workshop." $15,000 (9-93 to l-94). 65.1993 Naval Training Systems Center: "Marksmanship Trainer." Sl00,000 (10-93 to 9-94).

66. 1993 MOCO, Inc.: "Visualization of Human Movements." Sub-conhact to NASA

SBIR. $30,000 (10-93 to9-94).

67.1993 Army Research tab: "Jack Software." $200,000 (5-93 to 12-93).
68.1993 SandiaNational Labs: "Jack in Virtual Environments." $15,000 (5-93 to 10-93). 69.1993 Robotics Research Harvesting: "Real Time Collision Avoidance" Sub-contract to NASA SBIR. 57,500 (2-93 to 7-93). 70.1993 Naval Training Systems Center: "Marksmanship Trainer." $30,000 (4-93 to 10e3). 71.1993 ARO through Institute for Simulation and Training: "Hostage Rescue Movie." $10,000 (3-93 to 6-93).

72.1993 Defense Modeling and Simulation Offrce through U. of Iowa: "Anthropometrics for CALS." $200,000 (1-93 to 12-94).
73.1992 NASA Ames: "Human Simulation Software" $30,000 (10-92to 4-93). 74. t992 Army Research Institute: "Virtual Reality Explorations." $20,000 (9-92to 12e2). 75.1992 NSF (with M. Steedman): "Communication, Coarticulation, and Dialog Gesture in Facial Animation." $180,000 (7-92to 6-95).

76. 1992 U.S. Army Natick Lab: "Modeling Clothed Figures." $115,000 (5-92to 5-93). 77. 1992 U.S. Army Human Engineering Lab: "Human Figure Modeling." $600,000 (6-

92to 5-93).
78.1992 U.S. Air Force through Hughes Missile Systems (with B. Webber): "DEPTH Program." -$600,000 (5 -92 to 5-96). 79.1992 DARPA through GE Moorestown: "3D Tactical Display Techniques." $64,000 (2-92to 9-93).
80. 1991 NSF Instrumentation and Laboratory Improvement Grant: "Undergraduate Scientific and Engineering Visualization Laboratory." $50,000 (9-91 to 8-92) (plus $50,000 matching from Silicon Graphics, Inc.). 81. 1991 MOCO, Inc.: "Body motion studies." $30,000 (8-91 to 3-93).

82.1991U.S. Army Human Engineering Lab: "Human Figure Modeling." $200,000 (59I to 4-92).
83. 1991 U.S. Army Tank Automotive Command: "Interfacing Jack with Army TACOM Software." $50,000 (5-91 to 4-92). 84. l99L U.S. Army Natick Lab: "Modeling Clothed Figures." $105,000 (5-91 to 4-92). 85. 1991 NASA Ames: "Human Simulation Software" $20,000 (5-91 to 4-92)' 86. 1990 University of lowa, National Science Foundation Industry/University Cooperative Research Center on Simulation and Design Optimization of Mechanical systems (funded through NASA Goddard Space Flight center): "Man-Machine Interaction Dynamics." $50,000 (5-90 through 12-90).

87. 1990 FMC Corporation: "Jack Software." $40,000 (5-90 to 4-91).

88. 1990 Lockheed Engineering and Management Co.: "Man-Modeling Software." $45,000 (10-90 to 9-91).
89. 1990 Siemens Corporation Research: "Voice Command Input for Human Animation." 100,000 DM ($59,990) (6-90 to 5-91).

90. 1990 U.S. Army Natick Labs: "Clothing and Equipment Models." $30,000 (7-90 to 6e1).

91. 1990 NASA Ames Research Center: "Human Factors Simulation Research: Addendum." $40,000 (5-90 to 9-90).

92.1990 Pixar Corp.: Renderman software gift.
93.1989 Martin-Marietta Denver Aerospace Corp.: "Jack Software." $40,000 (11-89 to 1 1-90). 94.1989 FMC Corp.: "Jack Software." $15,000 (10-89 to 10-90)'

95. 1989 Wavefront Technologies, Inc.: Wavefront Software provided free on 6 Silicon Graphics Iris 4D Workstations. The University of Pennsylvania named a member of their "National Academic Advisory Committee."
96.1989 Lockheed Engineering and Management Co.: "Man-Modeling Software." $135,000 (9-89 to 9-90). 97. 1989 U.S. Army Human Engineering Lab: "Human Body Modeling and Simulation." $345,000 (10-89 to 9-90).

98. 1989 NSF CISE grant (with R. Bajcsy, A. Joshi, and D. Farber): $1,500,000 (6-89 to 6-e2). 99. 1988 ARO AI Center grant (with R. Bajcsy, A. Joshi, and P. Buneman): $8,100,000 (10-89 to 9-94).
100.1988 Lockheed Engineering and Management Services: "Man Modeling Software." $131,600 (1-88 to 12-88). 101.1988 U.S. Army Human Engineering Lab: "Human Body Modeling and Simulation." 5122,600 (7-88 to 12-88). 102.1988 Pacific Northwest Labs (Battelle): "Articulated Robotic Mannequin Graphics Workstation." $99,517 (4-88 to 1 1-88). 103.1988 NASA Training Grant (with Diana Dadamo): $36,000 (9-88 to 9-90). 104.1988 NASA Ames: "Human Factors Simulation Research." -$300,000

(l-88 to

12-

e0).
105.1988 Advanced Technology Center, Pennsylvania (with

A.K. Joshi): Artificial

Intelligence Center of Excellence.
106.1987 Lockheed Engineering and Management Services: "Man Modeling Software." 9272,055 (6-87 to 12-87).

107.1987 U.S. Army Human Engineering Lab: "Human Body Modeling and Simulation." $125,000 (7-87 to 12-87). 108.1987 NASA Ames: 'lHuman Factors Simulation Research.?' $121,700 (1-87 to 1087).

109.1987 NSF: 88).

"A Representation forNatural Human Movement." 5162,700 (1-87 to

12-

110.1986 NASA Training Grant (with David Cebula): $36,000 (9-86 to 9-88). 111.1986 Lockheed Engineering and Management Services: "Man Modeling Software." $155,000 (7-86 to 5-87). 112.1986 Army Research Office: "Human Body Modeling and Simulation," addendum to ARO AI grant. $95,000 (7-86to 1-87). 113.1986 NASA Contract: "Operator Station Design System: Man-Modeling

Enhancements." $73,000 (2-86 to 6-86).
114.1986 NSF Research Grant (with J. M. McCarthy): "A Formal Methodology for the Graphical Synthesis of Spatial Mechanisms." $163,000 (3-86 to 8-88). 115.1985 Army Research Office: "Human Body Modeling and Simulation," addendum

to ARO AI grant. $70,000 (10-85 to 3-86).
116.1984 NASA Contract: "Processing Task Descriptions for Animation." $300,000 (984 to 5-86).

117.1984 Army Research Off,rce Research Grant (with A. K. Joshi and R. Bajcsy): "Artificial Intelligence Research." Approximately $7,700,000 (9-84 to 9-90). 118.1983 NSF Coordinated Experimental Research Grant: "Modeling Interactive Processes: Flexible Communication with Knowledge Bases; Computer Interaction in Three Dimensions." Grant participant. Approximately $3,700,000 (10-83 to 98e).

l19.L982NASA Contract: "Integrated Human Body Modeling System for Workstation Design Evaluation." Approximately S195,000 (6-1-82 to 5-31-83); $319,000 (6-183 to 5-31-84).
120.1978 NSF Research Grant (with R. Bajcsy and A. K. Joshi): "Scene Understanding." Approximately $300,000 (10-1-78 to 10-1-81).

I21.1978 U. Offrce of Education Grant: "A Microprocessor-Based Education, Communication, and Control System for Severely Handicapped Children." (with I. Laeßky, Graduate student). Student Award proglam, S9654 (9-1-78 to 9-l-79).
122.1978 ONR Contract: "Analysis and Validation of Human Biodynamic Models." $7000 (12-I-77 to 6-30-78).

I23.1977 NSF Research Equipment Grant: "Interactive Vector Graphics Facility."$32,000 (10-1 -77 to 9-30-78).
124.1976 NSF Research Grant MCS76-19464 (with S. Smoliar): "Techniques for the Representation of Movement-Related Information." $90,000 (9-l-76 to 9-l-78).

I25.1975 NSF Research Grant ENG75-10535 @ngineering Initiation Grant): "Motion Picture Analysis by Computer." S17,000 (4-l-75 to 3-3I-77).

Hònoié, Awàidé, Féllowshiþs ànd Sdhôlár5hiþ5
1998 Innovation award (UPenn and Transom Technologies). 1997-1998 Head of Technical Advisory Committee, Transom Technologies, Inc., Ann

Arbor, MI. 1995-1996 Technical Advisory Board, Industrial Design, University of the Arts, Philadelphi4 PA. 1994-2000 Technical Advisory Board, Center for Advanced Technology, Columbia University. 1994-200I External Advisory Group, NSF STC for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization. 1992 NASA Space Act Tech Brief Award (ARC-12758). 1990-1994 Scientific Advisory Board, Biomechanics Corporation of America, Melville,

NY.
1989-1991 National Academic Advisory Committee, Wavefront Technologies, Inc., Santa Barbara, CA. 1981 "Quest for Technology" Award, for "Bubbleman" system (with J. O'Rourke). I97I-1974 Three year National Research Council of Canada Fellowship for Graduate studies at the University of Toronto. 1970-197I One year Open Fellowship to University of Toronto. 1969 Woodrow Wilson Fellow. 1969 Elected to Phi Beta Kappa in Junior year. 1967-1970 One of inaugural class of 50 students admitted to the College of Creative Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara. 1966-1970 Four year Regents' Scholarship to University of California.

Professional Society Membersh ¡ps
Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics (SIGGRAPH) Computer Graphics Pioneers Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence (SIGART) Cognitive Science Society American Association for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) IEEE Computer Society Phi Beta Kappa Dance Notation Bureau

Professional Activities

1.

Co-Editor of Graphical Models Journal, 1990-present (with Ingrid Carlbom).
Senior Editor, Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing Journal, 1982-1990 (with L. Shapiro, A. Rosenfeld, T. Huang, and H. Freeman).

2.
3.

Editorial Board member, Presence Journal, MIT Press, 2007-.

4.
5.

Editorial Board member, Visualization and Computer Animation, John Wiley and
Sons, 1990-.

Member of Editorial Board¡ IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,7980.90; Associate Editor, 1985-90.
Guest Co-Editor (with Carol O'sullivan) of Special Issue on "Virtual Populace",

6. 7.

IEEE CG&A July/August 2009.
General Co-Chair, Symposium on Computer Animation, Grenoble, France, August

27-29,2004.

8. External Examiner, Swarthmore College, 2002. 9. General Co-Chair, Computer Animation '02, Geneva,
10. Program Co-Chair, Computer

Switzerland, June 19-21,2002.

Animation'01, Seoul, Korea, November 6-8, 2001.

11. General Co-Chair, Human Modeling and Animation Workshop, Seoul, South Korea, June 2000. 12. General co-Chair, Computer Animation '00, Philadelphia, PA.
13. General co-Chair, Computer Animation '99, Geneva, Switzerland.

14. General co-Chair, Computer Animation '98, Philadelphia, PA'
15. National Academy

of Sciences Committee: Human Support in Space. NASA review, Virtual

t996.
16. Program Committee: "First Workshop on Simulation and Interaction in Environments," July, 1995.

17. Sub-committee Chair (Software Standards) for Society of Automotive Engineers Computer Graphics Human Models standards effort'
18. Program Committee, Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics,

March1992.

19. Program Committee, Second Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation, Vienna, Austria, 1991.

20. NASA panelist, Exercise Countermeasure Project's Extended Duration Orbiter Discipline Implementation Team, Houston, TX, October 1990.

21. ARO Short Course organizer: "Man-Machine Interaction," 1985-1990.

22.ProgramCommittee, Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Snowbird, Utah, March 1990.
23 .

Extemal Examiner, Swarthmore College,

1

98

9.

24.ProgramChair, NSF Workshop on "Mechanics, Control and Animation of Articulated Figures," April 1989. (David Zeltzer, MIT, Chair and Principal Investigator.)
25. Editor of Special Issue oflEEE Computer Graphics andApplications onArticulated Figure Animation, June 1987.

26.Department of Defense Human Factors Engineering Technical Advisory Group, Boston, May 1987.
27.Progr-am Committee, Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, Univ. of North Carolina,
1986.

2S.Invited participant in NASA Johnson Space Center "Design Knowledge Base" Workshop, September 1985.
29. Co-Editor of Special Issue of IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications on Expert Systems and Computer Graphics, November 1985.
30. Program Committee, SIGGRAPH'85, San Francisco, CA. 31. Program Chairman, Interdisciplinary Workshop on Motion: Perception and Representation. Jointly sponsored by ACM SIGGRAPH and SIGART, April 1983. 32. Editor of Special Issue of IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications on Human Body Modeling and Animation Systems, November 1982. 33. Vision Session Chairman, Second Annual Conference of the American Association

for Artificial Intelligenc e, 1982.
34. Program Committee, Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence

Conference 1982.
35. Computer Graphics course instructor, Integrated Computer Systems, Inc., (San

Diego, Valley Forge, Baltimore) 1982-1984.
36. Chairman of Special Invited Session on Motion Analysis at Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Conference, 198 1. 37. Program Committee, Pattern Recognition and Image Processing Conference, 1981. 38. Guest Co-Editor for a Special Issue of IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and

Machine Intelligence on Computer Analysis of Time-Varying Imagery, November
1980.

39. Elected SIGGRAPH Vice-Chairperson 1979-1981. Re-elected for second term 19811983.

40. SIGGRAPH Conference Oversight Committee Chairperson 1979-1982. 41. Tutorials and Workshops Chairperson for SIGGRAPH Conferences 1976-1979.

L.Member of Steering Committee, NSF sponsored Workshop on Three-Dimensional Object Representations, University of Pennsylvania, lll4ay 1979.
43. General Chairperson for IEEE Workshop on Computer Analysis of Time-Varying Imagery, Philadelphi a, April 197 9. 44. Listed inAmerican Men and Women of Science; Vf/ho's llho in Computer Graphics; Who's Who in Science and Engineering; Who's Who in the East; Who's Who in American Education; The International Directory of Computer Animation Producers.

Consulting
Wilmerhale (Expert witness, 2008-) McKool-Smith (Patent advice) Northrup-Grumman (research roadmap, 2008) Zajac &, Arias (Expert witness, 2008) US Department of Justice (Expert witness, 2007) Dorsey and Whitney (Expert witness, 2006-07) Snider Capital (due diligence, 2000) University Ventures. (EMOTE, 1999) Transom Technologies, Inc. (Human modeling, 1997'8) American Bureau of Shipping. (Ergonomics evaluation, 1998) DRaW Computing. (Computer Graphics, 1996-9) Litton Defense Systems. (Human performance, 1995) Systems Exploration, Inc. (Task simulation, 1990) Biomechanics Corporation of America (Body modeling software, 1990) IDT,Inc. (GIS software, 1989) AMP Corp. (3D modeling and display, 1988) U.S. Army, Ft. Monmouth, NJ (Interactive system design, 1985-87) Digital Productions (Animation languages and control, 1982-83) Argus Microsystems (Core system, 1985) Dunnington Co. (Interactive Systems, 1 983-84) PlanPrint Co. (Computer aided plant layout, 1983) Lankenau Hospital (Cardiology data presentation, 1981) Advanced Technology Systems (anti-aliasing, 1981) Smith, Kline and French Labs (data presentation, 1981) BridgeporlTextron (interactive system design, 1 980) Institute For Cancer Research (molecular modelling, 1978)

Refereed Journal Publications

1. "The impact of the OCEAN personality

model on the perception of crowds." IEEE Graphics and Applications, accepted, to appear late2009. (F. Durupinar, Computer N. Pelechano, J. Allbeck, U. Gudukbay and N. Badler)

2. 3.

"Virtual training via vibrotactile arrays." Presence J.17(2), April 2008, pp. 103-120. (4. Bloomfreld and N. Badler) "Modeling crowd communication and trained leaders during maze-like building evacuation." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 26, Nov. 2006, pp. 80-86. (N. Pelechano and N. Badler) "Applying empirical data on upper torso movement to real-time collision-free reach tasks." SAE Digital Human Modeling Conference, Iowa City, IA ,2005 (published as paper 2005-0I-2685, SAE Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars - Mechanical Systems). (L. Zhao, Y. Liu and N. Badler)
"New behavioral paradigms for virtual human models." SAE Digital Human Modeling Conference, Iowa City, IA ,2005 (published as paper 2005-01-2689, SAE

4.

5.

Transactions Journal of Passenger Cars - Electronic and Electrical Systems). Q{. Badler, J. Allbeck, S.-J. Lee, R. Rabbitz, T. Broderick and K. Mulkern)

6.
7.
8. 9.
10.

rlAequiring and validating motion qualities from live limb gestures." Graphical Models 67(I), Jan.2005, pp. 1-16. (L.Zhao and N. Badler)

"Virtual humans for automating maintenance task validation," Communications of the ACM 45(7), July 2002. (N. Badler, C. Erignac, and Y. Liu)
"Creating interactive virtual humans: Some assembly required." IEEE Intelligent Systems,Fall2002. (J. Gratch, J. Rickel, E. Andre, N. Badler, J. Cassell, and E. Petajan) "Eyes Alive", ACM Transactions on Graphics, Special Issue on ACM SIGGRAPH '02, San Antonio, TX, 21(3), Iuly 2002. (S. P. Lee, J. Badler, and N. Badler)

"Virtual Beings." Communications of the ACM 44(3), March 2001. pp. 33-35. (N.
Badler)

11. "Real-time inverse kinematics techniques for anthropomorphic limbs." Graphical Models 62,2000, pp. 353-388. (D. Tolani, A. Goswami, and N. Badler) 12. "Design of a virhral human presenter." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 20(4), JulyiAugust 2000, pp. 79-85. (T. Noma, L. Zhao, and N. Badler) 13. "Animation 2000+r ." IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications

20(l), Jan.-Feb.

2000, pp. 28-29. (N. Badler).
14.

to look? Automating attending behaviors of virtr¡al human characters" International Journal on Agents and Multiagent Systems,2000. (S. Chopra-Khullar and N. Badler)

o'Where

15.

"Animation control for real-time virtual humans," Comm. of the ACM 42(8), August 1999,pp.65-73. (N. Badler, M. Palmer and R. Bindiganavale) "Multi-level shape representation using global deformations and locally adaptive finite elements," International Journal of Computer Vision25(I), pp. 49-61, 1997 (D. Metaxas, E. Koh, N. Badler).

16.

17. "Casualty modeling for real-time medical training," Presence 5(4), pp. 359-366,1996 (D. Chi, J. Clarke, B. Webber, N. Badler). 18. "Task Level object grasping for simulated agents," Presence 5(4), pp. 416-430, 1996

@. Douville, L. Levison, N. Badler).
19. "Real time human arm inverse kinematics," Presence 5(4),

pp' 393-401,1996. (D.

Tolani, N. Badler).
20. "Generating facial expressions for speech," Cognitive Science 20(1), pp. (C. Pelachaud, N. Badler, and M. Steedman).

l-46, 1996.

2l.oofunimating human locomotion in real-time using inverse dynamics, balance and comfort control," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 16(2), pp. 50-59, March 1996. (H. Ko and N. Badler).

22."Production and playback of human figure motion for visual simulation," ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation 5(3), July 1995, pp.222-241. (J. P. Granieri, J. Crabtree, and N. Badler)
23. "Rendering spaces for architectural environments," Presence 4(3), pp. 286-296, 1995 .

(J. S. Nimeroft E. Simoncelli, J. Dorsey, and N. Badler).

24."The Center for Human Modeling and Simulation," Presence 4(l), pp. 81-96, 1995. (N. Badler, D. Metaxas, B. Webber, and M. Steedman).
25. "Instructions, intentions and expectations," Arti/ìcial Intelligence

Journal73,pp. 253-269,1995 (8. Webber, N. Badler, B. Di Eugenio, C. Geib, L' Levison, and M.

Moore).

26. 'Near real-time body awareness," Computer-Aided Design26(L2), pp. 861-868, Dec.
1994) (Revised version of paper that frrst appeared in First Bilkent Computer Graphics Conference, Ankara, Turkey, 1993.) (X.Zhao and N. Badler).
27 .

"Pipeline Rendering : Interactive Refractions, Refl ections, and Shadows," D ßplays l5(3), pp, 173-180, Special Issue on Interactive Computer Animation, 1994 (P' Diefenbach and N. Badler).

28. "Animated human agents with motion planning capability for 3D-space postural goals," Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation 5(4),1994. (Revision of Pacific Graphics '93 paper.) (M. Jung, N. Badler, and T. Noma).

29."Animated conversation: rule-based generation of facial expression, gesture and spoken intonation for multiple conversational agents," Computer Graphics, pp. 413420,July 1994. (J. Cassell, C. Pelachaud, N. Badler, M' Steedman, B. Achorn, W. Becket, B. Douville, S. Prevost, and M. Stone.) Reprinted in M. Huhns, M. Singh, and P. Munindar (eds.) Readings inAgents, Morgan Kaufinan, San Francisco,1997; and in M. Maybury and W. Wahlster (eds.), Readings in Intelligent User Interfaces, Morgan Kaufrnan, San Francisco, 1998.
30. "Inverse kinematics positioning using nonlinear programming for highly articulated figures," ACM Transactions on Graphics l3(4), Oct. 1994, pp' 313-336 . (J. Zhao and N. Badler).
31. "Real-time control of a virtual human using minimal sensors," Presence 86,1993 (N. Badler, M. Hollick, and J. Granieri).

2(l),pp.82-

32. "Human strength data display," Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation 3(l),1992,pp.13-22 (S. Wei and N. Badler).
33. 'olnteractive behaviors for bipedal articulated figures," Computer Graphics 25(4), July 1991, pp. 359-362 (C. Phillips and N. Badler).

34.*Akinematic model of the human spine and torso," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications I 1(2), March 1991, pp. 29-38 (G. Monheit and N. Badler)' 35. "strength guided motion," Computer Graphics 24(4),1990, pp. 253-262 (P. Lee, N. Badler, S. Wei, and J. Zhao).

36."Interactive real-time articulated figure manipulation using multiple kinematic constraints," Computer Graphics 24(2),1990, pp. 245-250 (C. Phillips, N. Badler, and J. Zhao).
37. "Imperfection for realistic image synthesis," Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, Vol. l, 1990, pp. 26-32 (W. Becket and N. Badler). 38. "Local matching of surfaces using boundary-centered radial decomposition," Computer Vision, Graphics, and Image Processing 45(3), 1989, pp. 380-396 (G. Radack and N. Badler). 39. "Articulated frgure positioning by multiple constraints," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications,June 1987,pp.28-38 (N. Badler, K. Manoochehri, and G. Walters). 40. "The window controller," ACM Transactions on Graphics 3(4), October 1985, pp. 3I2-3I5 (T. Granor and N. Badler). 41. "Positioning and animating human figures in a task-oriented environment," The Visual Computer: The International Journal of Computer Graphics 1(4), 1985, pp. 212-220 (N. Badler, Jon Korein, James Korein, G. Radack, and L. Brotman).

42."Parametric keyframe interpolation incorporating kinetic adjustment and phrasing control," Computer Graphics 19(3), July 1985, pp.255-262 (S. Steketee and N. Badler).
43. "Generating soft shadows with a depth-buffer algorithm," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications 4(10), Oct. 1984, pp. 5-12 (L. Brotman and N. Badler). 44. "Temporal anti-aliasing in computer generated animation," Computer Graphics l7(3), July 1983, pp.377-388 (J. Korein and N. Badler). 45. "Techniques for goal-directed movement," IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Nov. 1982, pp. 7 1-8 I (J. Korein and N. Badler).

46."Overview of the University of Pennsylvania CORE system," Computer Graphics 16(2), June 1982, pp.177-186 (N. Badler, F. Stluka, B. Saunders, and P. Slayton). 47."Jigsaw puzzle matching using a boundary-centered polar encoding," Computer Graphics and Image Processing,May 1982,pp.1,-I7 (G. Radack and N. Badler).
48. "Animating facial expressions," Computer Graphics 15(3), Aug. 1981, pp. 245-252 (S. Platt and N. Badler). 49. "Model-based image analysis of human motion using constraint propagation," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 2(6), Nov. 1980, pp. 522-536 (J. O'Rourke and N. Badler). 50. "Special problems in human movement simulation," Computer Graphics 14(3), Summer 1980, pp. 189-197 (N. Badler, J. O'Rourke, and B. Kaufman). 51. "Creating polyhedral stellations," Computer Graphics 14(3), Summer 1980, pp. 1924 (K. McKeown and N. Badler). 52. "Movies from music," Computer Graphics 13(2), Aug. 1979,pp.218-225 (J. Mitroo, N. Herman, and N. Badler).

53.

"A spherical representation of a human body for visualizing movement," IEEE Proceedings 67(10), Qct. 1979, pp. 1397-1403 (N. Badler, J. O'Rourke, and H. Toltzis).

54. "Decomposition of three-dimensional objects into spheres," IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence l(3), July 1979, pp.295-305 (J. O'Rourke and N.

Badler). 55. "Digital representations of human movement," ACM Computing Surveys 11(1), March 1979, pp. 19-38 (N. Badler and S. Smoliar). 56. "Three-dimensional representations for computer graphics and computer vision," Computer Graphics I2(3), Aug. 1978 (N. Badler and R' Bajcsy).
57 .

"Interaction with a color computer graphics display system for archaeological sites," Computer Graphics lz(3),Aug. 1978 (N. Badler and V. Badler). Revised, expanded version appears as cover article in Computer Graphics World 1(l 1), 1978, pp. 12-18'

58. "Disk generators for a raster display device;" Computer Graphics and Image Processing 6, 1977, pp. 589-593 (N. Badler). 59. "Conceptual descriptions of physical activities," American Journal of Computational Linguistics Microfìche 35,1976, pp. 70-83 (N. Badler).

Books and Book Ghapters

1. 2. 3.

Virtual Crowds, Methods, Simulation and Control. Synthesis Lectures on Computer Graphics and Animation, Morgan & Claypool, 2008 (N. Pelechano, J. Allbeck, and N. Badler).
"Future Needs and Developments in Support of Computer-based Human Models." To appear. In V. Dufff (ed.), Handbook of Digital Human Modeling: Researchþr Applied Ergonomics & Human Factors Engineering. (N. Badler and J. Allbeck).

"Eye Movements, Saccades, and Multi-Paúy Conversations." lnZ.Deng and U' Neumann (eds.), Data-Driven 3D Facial Animation, Springer, 2007. (8. Gu, S. P. Lee, J. Badler and N. Badler).
Embodied Agents with Culture Context." In S. Payr and R. Trappl (eds.), Agent Culture: Designing Virtual Characters for a Multi-cultural World,2004. (J. Allbeck and N. Badler). "Representing and Parameterizing Agent Behaviors." In H. Prendinger and M. Ishizuka (eds.), Life-lilæ Characters: Tools, Affective Functions and Applications. Springer, Germany, 2003. (J. Allbeck and N. Badler). "Embodied Autonomous Agents." In K. Stanney, ed., Handbook of Virtual Environmenfs, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2002,pp.313-332. (J. Allbeck and N. Badler).

4. "Creating
5. 6. 7.

"Towards Behavioral Consistency in Animated Agents." In N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (eds.), Deformable Avatars, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001, pp. 191-205. (N. Badler and J. Allbeck)

8.

"A ParameterizedAction Representation for Virtual Human Agents." In J. Cassell, J. Sullivan, S. Prevost, and E. Churchill (eds.), Embodied Conversational Agents,MlT Press,2000, pp. 256-284. (N. Badler, R. Bindiganavale, J. Allbeck, W. Schuler, L. Zhao,M. Palmer) "A machine translation system from English to American Sign Language," Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Yol. 193412000, Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,2000 (L. Zhao,K. Kipper, W. Schuler, C. Vogler, N. Badler, and M. Palmer)

9.

10. "simulated Casualties and Medics for Emergency Training." In K.S. Morgan, H.M. Hoffman, D. Stredney, and S.J. Weghorst (eds.), Medicine Meets Virtual Reality,IOS Press, Amsterdam,1997,pp.486-494 (D. Chi, E. Kokkevis, O. Ogunyemi, R. Bindiganavale, M. Hollick, J. Clarke, B. Webber, and N. Badler).
11. "Planning for

Animation." In N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (eds.),

Interactive Computer Animation, Prentice-Hall, 1996 (N. Badler, B. Webber, W. Becket, C. Geib, M. Moore, C. Pelachaud, B. Reich, and M. Stone).
12. "Human Models in the Future

Virtual Environment Systems." In C. A. Ntuen and E. H. Park (eds.), Human Interactionwith Complex Systems: Conceptual Principles and Design Practice, Kluwer, Boston, 1996,pp. 409-412 (N. Badler). "simulating Humans in VR." In R. Eamshaw, H. Jones, and J. Vince (eds.), Virtual Reality and its Application^s, Academic Press, London, UK, 1995 (J. Granieri and N. Badler).

13.

14. "lntegrating Anatomy and Physiology for Behavior Modeling." In K. Morgan, R. M. Satava, H. B. Sieburg, R. Mattheus, and J. P. Christensen (eds.), Interactive Technologt and the New Paradigmþr Healthcare,IOS Press and Ohmsha, 1995, pp. 81-87. (D. DeCarlo, J. Kaye, D. Metaxas, J. R. Clarke, B. Webber, and N. Badler).
15. Simulating Humans: Computer Graphics,

Animation, and Control, Oxford University (N. I. Badler, C. B. Phillips and B. L. Webber). Press, June 1993

16. "simulated Humans, Graphical Behaviors, and Animated Agents." In E. Haug (ed.), Mechanical System Design, Concurrent Engineering: Tools and Technologies

ATO ASI Series, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1993, pp. 929-944 (N. Badler).
17. "Human Modeling in Visualization," in New Trends in Animation and Visualization,

þr

N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (eds.), Wiley, 1991, pp. 209-228 (N. Badler).
18. Making Them Move: Mechanics, Control, and Animation of Articulated Figures." (N. Badler, B. Barsky, and D. Zeltzer, eds.). Morgan-Kaufmann, Summer 1990. 19.

"Animation from Instructions," in Making Them Move: Mechanics, Control, and Animation of Articulated Figures," Morgan-Kaufrnann, 1990, pp. 5l-93 (N. Badler, B. Webber, J. Kalita, and J. Esakov).

2}."AnArchitecture for High-Level Human Task Animation Control," Knowledge Based Simulation: Methodologt andApplication,P. A. Fishwick and R. B. Modjeski
(eds.), Springer-Verlag, 1990, pp. 162-199 (J. Esakov and N. Badler).

21. "Task-Oriented Animation of Human Figures," Applications of Human Perþrmance Models to System Design, G. R. McMillan, D. Beevis, E. Salas, M. H. Strub, R. Suttg4, and-L, van Bredq (eds,), Defense Research Series, Volume 2, Plenum Press, New York, 1989 (N. Badler).

22."Artiftciallntelligence, NaturalLanguage, and Simulation for Human Animation," in State-of-the Art in Computer Animation, N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (eds.), Springer-Verlag, 1989, pp. 19-31 (N. Badler).
23 . " A Representation

(ed.), AAHPERD Publications, Reston,

for Natural Human Movement," in Dance Technologt I, J . Gtay, VA, 1989, pp.23-44 (N. Badler)'

24."DesignKnowledge Capture and Causal Simulation," in Intelligent CAD,H' Yoshikawa (ed.), IFIP, 1988 (P. Pu and N. Badler).
25."Anatomy of a Molecular Graphics Program: DOCK," in Crystallographic Computing 4, N. W. Isaacs and M. R. Taylor (eds.), Oxford Science, 1988 (R' K' Stodola, W. P. Wood, Jr., F. J. Manion, H. Berman, and N. Badler).
26. Motion: Representation and Perception. (N. Badler and J. Tsotsos, eds.), Elsevier Science Publishers, North Holland, 1986.

27.i'Ovewiew of Raster Graphics Hardware," "Scan Conversion," and "Design of a Human Movement Representation Incorporating Dynamics" in Adv ance s in Computer Graphics 1, G. Enderle, M. Grave, and F' Lillehagen (eds.), SpringerVerlag, New York, 1986 (N. Badler).
28. "TEMPUS: A System for the Design and Simulation of Mobile Agents in a Workstation and Task Environment," Applications du Graphisme par Ordinateur, G. Laporte and N. Magnenat-Thalmann, Gaetan Morin Editeur, Chicoutimi, Quebec, 1984 (N. Badler and B. Webber).

Reviewed Proceedings

1.

"Recreating early Islamic glass lamp lighting." Proc. International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST), 2009. (J. Kider, R. Fletcher, N. Yu, R. Holod, A. Chalmers and N. Badler) "Creating crowd variation with the OCEAN personality model." Proc. of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agents Systems, 2008. (F. Durupinar, J. Allbeck, N. Pelechano, and N. Badler)

2.
3.

"Being a part of the crowd: Toward validating VR crowds using presence." Proc. of Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 2008. (N. Pelechano, C. Stocker, J. Allbeck and N. Badler) "semantic segmentation of motion capture using Laban Movement Analysis." Proc. Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA), 2007. (D. Bouchard and N. Badler)
o'Feeling crowded? Exploring presence in vitual crowds." Proc. of PRESENCE 2007. The 10ú annual International Workshop on Presence, Barcelona, Spain, October 2007, pp 373-376. (N. Pelechano, C. Stocker, J. Allbeck and N. Badler)

4.
5.

6. 7.
8.

"Generating plausible individual agent movement from spatio-temporal occupancy data." Workshop on Massive Datasets, Nagoya, Japan, 2007. (8. Sunshine-Hill, J.M. Allbeck, N. Pelechano and N. Badler)

"Controlling individual agents in high-densþ crowd simulation." AClWEurographics Symposium on Computer Animation, pp. 99-108,2007. (N. Pelechano, J. Allbeck and N. Badler) "Collision awareness using vibrotactile arrays." IEEE Virtual Reality Conf., pp. 163I70,2007. (4. Bloomf,reld and N. Badler) "Visual attention and eye gaze during multiparty conversations with distractions." Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA) 2006. (8. Gu and N. Badler)
Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA); Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds (CAYW) Journal,2006. (Y. Zhang and N. Badler)

9.

10. "synthesis of 3D faces using region-based morphing under intuitive conhol." Proc.

11. "Automated analysis of human factors requirements." SAE

Digital Human Modeling Conf. Proceedings, 06DHM-49, Lyon, France, 2006. (J. Allbeck and N. Badler)
communication." Proc. First Int. Workshop on V-Crowds, Geneva, Switzerland, 2005. (N. Pelechano, K. O'Brien, B. Silverman and N. Badler)

12. "Crowd simulation incorporating agent psychological models, roles and

13.

"Do you see what eyes see? Implementing inattentional blindness." Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA) 2005, LNCR 3661, Spring-Verlag, pp. 178-190 (E. Gu, C. Stocker, and N. Badler)

14. "Embodied agents and meaningful motion," Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment, Darmstadt, Germany, Lecture Notes in Computer

Science LNCS3 I 05, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004, pp.

l-2

15. "Real-time reach planning for animated characters using hardware acceleration,"

Computer Animation and Social Agents, IEEE Computer Society, New Brunswick, NJ, May 2003, pp. 86-93. (Y. Liu and N. Badler)
16.
ooFeature preserving

manifold mesh from an octree," Solid Modeling and Applications (K. Ashida and N. Badler) 2003, pp. 292-297.

17.*Ataxonomy and comparison of haptic actions for disassembly tasks," IEEE Virtual Realþ Conf., LA, CA, March 2003, pp. 225'23t. (,4.. Bloomfield, Y. Deng, P. Rondot, J. Wampler, D. Harth, M. McManus, N. Badler)
18. "Describing human and group movements for interactive use by reactive virtr¡al characters," Army Science Conference,2002. (N. Badler, J. Allbeck, and R.

Bindiganavale)
19.

"LiveActor: A virtual training environment with reactive embodied agents," Workshop on Intelligent Human Augmentation and Virtual Environments, University ofNorth Carolina at Chapel Hill, Oct. 2002. (N. Badler)

20. "ACUMEN:

Ampliffing Control and Understanding of Multiple ENtities," Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, July 2002, Bologna, Italy' (J.

Allbeçk, K. Kipper, C. Adams, W. Schuler, E. Zoubanova, N. Badler, M. Palmer, and A. Joshi)
21, ilRepresenting and parameterizingagent behaviors." Proc. Computer Animation, IEEE Computer Society,2002, Geneva, Swiøerland. (N. Badler, J. Allbeck,L.Zhao, and M. Byun)

22."Modeling deformable human arm for constrained reach analysis." Digital Human Modeling Conference, June,2002, Munich, Germany. (H. Shin, J' Allbeck, D. Elliott, and N. Badler)
23. "Pedestrians: Creating agent behaviors through statistical analysis of observation data." Proc. Computer Animation November 2001, Seoul. Korea' (K. Ashida, S.-J. Lee, J. Allbeck, H. Sun, N. Badler, and D. Metaxas) 24. "structures and styles: Motion acquisition from video." Third International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents, Madrid, Spain, September 2001. (L' Zhao, S' Lu, D' Metaxas, and N. Badler) 25. "FaoEMOTE: Qualitative parametric modifiers for facial animations," Symposium on Computer Animation 2}}2,SanAntonio, TX, July 2002. M. Byun and N. Badler) 26. "Modeling the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMII) space suit: Physiological implications for Extravehicular Activity (EVA)," AIAA and SAE International Conference on Environmental Systems, Toulouse, France, July 2000. (D. Newman, P. Schmidt, D. Rahn, D. Metaxas and N. Badler) 27. "Noninvasive video motion capture," Proc. 13th IAA Humans in Space Symposium, Santorini, Greece, ily'ray 20-26,2000. (D. Metaxas, D. Newman and N. Badler)

28."Amachine translation system from English to American Sign Language," Proc' Association for Machine Translation in the Americas, 2000 (L. Zhao, K. Kipper, W. Schuler, C. Vogler, N. Badler, and M. Palmer) 29."The EMOTE model for Effort and Shape." Proc. ACM SIGGRAPH Conference, July, 2000. (D. Chi, M. Costa, L. Zhao, and N. Badler).
30. "Dynamically Altering Agent Behaviors Using Natural Language Instructions." Autonomous Agents 2000, pp. 293-300. (R. Bindiganavale, \ü. Schuler, J. Allbeck, N. Badler, A. Joshi, and M. Palmer) 31. "Interpreting movement manner." Proc. Computer Animation Conf., IEEE Computer Society, Philadelphia, PA, May, 2000. (L.Zhao, M. Costa, and N. Badler).

32. "Algorithms for generating motion trajectories described by prepositions." Proc.
Computer Animation 2000 Conference, IEEE Computer Society, Philadelphi4 May 3-5,2000, pp. 33-39. (Y. Xu and N. Badler)
33. "To gesture or not to gesture: What is the question?" Proc. Computer Graphics International, Geneva, Switzerland, June,2000. (N. Badler, M. Costa, L.Zhao, and D.

chÐ.

34. "Joining a Real-Time Simulation: Parallel Finite-State Machines and Hierarchical Action Level Methods for Mitigating Lag Time." Proc. 9ú Conference on Computer Generated Forces, Oq!-ando, FL, May, 2000: (J: Shi, N, Badlerr and M, Greenwald)t 35. "Real time virtual humans" International Conference on Digital Media Futures, Bradford, UK, April 1999. (N. Badler, R. Bindiganavale, J. Bourne, J. Allbeck, J. Shi and M. Palmer). 36. "Virtual human animation based on movement observation and cognitive behavior models," computer Animation conf., Geneva, switzerland, May 1999. (N. Badler, D. Chi, S. Chopra). 37. "Where to look? Automating visual attending behaviors of virtual human characters," Autonomous Agents Conf., Seattle, WA, May 1999. (S. Chopra and N. Badler). (Best paper award) 38. "Dynamic simulation for zero-gravity activities." lnternational Space Human Factors Workshop, Toþo, Japan,June 1999. (G. Huang, S' Huh, A. Goswami, D. Metaxas and N. Badler). 39. "Smart avatars in JackMOO," Proc. Virtual Reality '99, Houston, TX,IEEE computer Society, March 1999. (J. Shi, T. J. Smith, J. Granieri, and N. Badler).

40."Aparameterized action representation for virtr¡al human agents," Workshop on Embodied Conversational Characters, North Tahoe, CA, October 1998. (N. Badler, M. Palmer, R. Bindiganavale, and W. Schuler).
41. "Gesticulation Behaviors for Virtual Humans," Proc. Pacific Graphics, Singapore, 1998. (L. Zhao and N. Badler).

42."Motionabstraction and mapping with spatial constraints," Workshop on Motion Capture Technology, Geneva, Switzerland, November 1998. (R. Bindiganavale and N. Badler). 43."Avatars a la Snow Crash," Proc. Computer Animation, June 1998. (J. Allbeck, N.
Badler).

44."Controlling a dynamic system with open and closed loops: Application to ladder climbing," Graphics Interface '97. (J. Lo, D. Metaxas, N. Badler)'
45. "JackMOO: An integration of Jack and lambdaMoO," Pacific Graphics 1997 . (T.J. Smith, J. Shi, J. Granieri, and N. Badler) 46. "Real-time virhral humans," Pacifrc Graphics 1997,IEEE Computer Society, pp. 4-13 (N. Badler). 47. "Yirtual humans for animation, ergonomics, and simulation," IEEE Workshop on Non-Rigid and Articulated Motion. Puerto Rico, June 1997 (N. Badler).
48.

"A virtr¡al human presenter," Animated Interface Agents Workshop, IJCAI-97,
1997 (T. Noma and N. Badler).

Japan,

49. "Multi-pass pipeline rendering: Realism for dynamic environments," Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics,1997 (P. Diefenbach and N. Badler)

50. "simulating human movements using optimal control," ELJROGRAPHICS CAS'96, Seventh International Workshop on Õomputer Animation and Simulation,

FUTUBOSCOPE, Poitiers, France, Badler).

-1996

(X, Zhao,D' Tolani, B-J, Tingr and Nt

51. "User-controlled physics-based animation for articulated figures," Computer Animation 1996 (8. Kokkevis, D. Metaxas and N. Badler).

52."Littking anatomy and physiology in modeling respiratory mechanics," MMVR'96 (J. Kaye, D. Metaxas, N. Badler, J. Clarke, and B. Webber).
53. "Decision networks for integrating the behaviors of virtr¡al agents and avatars," VRAIS '96 (T.Trias, S. Chopra, B. Reich, M. Moore, N. Badler, B. Webber, C.

Geib).
54. "Planning and parallel transition networks: Animation's new frontiers," in S. Y. Shin and T. L. Kunii (eds.), Computer Graphics and Applications: Proc. Pacific Graphics ,95, World Scientific Publishing, River Edge, NJ, 1995, pp. 101-117 (N. Badler, B. Webber, W. Becket, C. Geib, M. Moore, C. Pelachaud, B. Reich and M. Stone). 55. "MediSim: Simulated medical corpsmen and casualties for medical forces planning and training," National Forum on Military Telemedicine, IEEE, 1996,pp.21-28 (N. Badler, B. Webber, J. Clarke, D. Chi, M. Hollick, N. Foster, E. Kokkevis, O. Ogunyemi, D. Metaxas, J. Kaye and R. Bindiganavale). 56.

"An implementation of simulated human grasping for manufacturing tasks," SPIE
Workshop on Modeling, Simulation, and Control Technologies for Manufacturing, Philadelphia, PA, September, 1995 (8. Douville, X. Zhao and N. Badler)'

57. "simulation and analysis of complex human tasks," SPIE Workshop on Modeling, Simulation, and Control Technologies for Manufacturing, Philadelphia, PA, September, 1995. (N. Badler, W. Becket and B. Webber). 58. "synthesizing cooperative conversation,"

Int'l Conference on Cooperative Theory, and Applications CMS/95, Eindhoven, The Multimodal Communication, Netherlands, May 1995 (C. Pelachaud, J. Cassell, N. Badler, M. Steedman, S. Prevost, and M. Stone).

59. "Autonomous animation and control of four-legged animals," Graphics Interface 1995 (E. Kokkevis, D. Metaxas and N. Badler). 60. "Behavioral programming for real-time interactive simulated human agents,"

Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, pp. 173-180,1995 (J. Granieri, W. Becket, B. Reich, J. Crabtree and N. Badler).

61. "Off-Line production and real-time playback of human figure motion for 3D virtual environments," IEEE VRAIS 1995 (J. Granieri, J. crabtree and N. Badler). 62. "Insertion of an articulated human into a networked virtual environment," Proc. of the Conf. on AI, Simulation and Planning in High Autonomy Systems, University of Florida, Gainesville, December 1994 (D. Pratt, P. Barham, J. Locke, M. Zyda,B. Eastman, T. Moore, K. Biggers, R. Douglass, S. Jacobsen, M. Hollick, J. Granieri, H.

Ko and N. Badler).

63. "Modeling the interaction between speech and action," Proc. Cognitive Science Society, Atlanta, GA,1994 (J. Cassell, M. Steedman, N. Badler, C. Pelachaud, M. Stone, B, Douville, S. Prevost and B, Achom),

64."Hierarchical shape representation," European Conf. on Computer Vision, }l4.ay 1994 (8. Koh, D. Metaxas, and N. Badler).
65. "Terrain navigation skills and reasoning," Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Computer Generated Forces and Behavioral Representations, Orlando, FL, May,

1994 (H. Ko, B. Reich, W. Becket, and N. Badler).
66. "Terrain reasoning for human locomotion," Computer Animation '94, Geîeva, switzerland, IEEE computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, cA, pp.76-82,1994 (8.

Reich, H. Ko, W. Becket, and N. Badler).
67. "Posture interpolation with collision avoidance," Computer Animation '94,Geneva, switzerland, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, cA, pp. 13-20,1994 (N. Badler, R. Bindiganavale, J. Granieri, S. Wei, and X. Zhao)' 68. "Building anthropometry-based virrual human models," Proc. IMAGE VII Conference, Tucson, AZ, June,l994 (F. Azuol4 N. Badler, P. Ho, I. Kakadiaris, D. Metaxas, and B. Ting). 69. "How animated agents perform tasks: Connecting planning and manipulation through

object-specific reasoning," AAAI Spring Symposium "Toward Physical Interaction and Manipulation", Stanford, CA,1994 (L. Levison and N. Badler).
70. 'oAnalysis and acceleration of progressive refinement radiosity method," Fourth Eurographics Workshop on Rendering, Paris, France, 1993 (M-2. Shao and N'

Badler).
71. "Collision-avoidance planning for task-level human motion based on a qualitative motion model,,'Pacific Graphics conf., 1993 (M. Jung, N. Badler, and T. Noma). (One of 5 best papers.)

'l2."Intermittent non-rhythmic human stepping and locomotion," First Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications, World Scientific, Seoul, Korea, pp.283-300, 1993 (H. Ko and N. Badler).
73 .

* Avirtgal training environment with simulated agents," Conference on "Intelligent Computer-Aided Training and Virtual Environment Technology," 1993 (8. Achorn and N. Badler).

74."Straight line walking animation based on kinematic generalization that preserves the original characteristics." Graphics Interface '93. (H' Ko and N. Badler).
75. "Virtual interactive collaborators for simulation and training." 3'd Conf. on Computer Generated Forces and Behavior Representation, Orlando, FL, March 1993 (N. Badler and B. Webber). T6. "lntegrated behavioral agent architecture." 3rd Conf. on Computer Generated Forces and Behavior Representation, Orlando, FL, PP. 57-68, March 1993 (W. Becket and N.

Badler).

77. "Motion planning for redundant branching articulated figures with many degrees of freedom," Proc. IEEE/RSJ International Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, pp. 1044-105:2,1992 (W. Ching andN, Badler). 78. "Human-like agents with posture planning ability," SPIE OE/Technology Boston, MA, Nov. 1992 (M. Jung and N. Badler).
092,

79. "Posture planning for agent animation," (abstract and poster) First AI Planning Conference, College Park, MD, }lllay 1992 (M. Jung and N' Badler). 80. "Fast motion planning for anthropometric figures with many degrees of freedom," Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, pp. 1052-I06l,};1.ay 1992 (W. Ching and N. Badler). 81. "Conelation of facial and vocal expressions for facial movement," Interface to Real and Virtual Worlds, Monpellier, France, March 1992 (C. Pelachaud, N. Badler, and M. Steedman). 82. "Automatic viewing control for 3D direct manipulation," 1992 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, Computer Graphics Special Issue, pp.7l-74,1992 (C.

Phillips, J. Granieri, and N. Badler).
83. "simulating human tasks using simple natural language instructions," Winter simulation conf. Proc. , l99l (M. R. Jung, J. K. Kalita, W. Ching, and N. Badler).

84.'olnterpreting prepositions physically," ArA,r{I-91, Anaheim, CA, July 1991 (J. Kalita and N. Badler).
85. "Converting BRL-CAD objects to surface representation and adding articulation and Jackergonomic analysis," BRL-CAD Symposium '91, May 1991 (O. Niazi and N.

Badler).
86. "Issues in facial animation," Computer Animation '91, Geneva, Switzerland, June 1991 (C. Pelachaud, N. Badler, and M. Steedman). 87. "Human factors simulation research," Workshop on Human-Centered Design Technology for Maintainability, Dayton OH, September 1990 (N. Badler). 88. "semantic analysis of action verbs based on physical primitives," Cognitive Science

Society 12ú Annual Conference, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ, 1990, pp. 412-419 (J. Kalita and N. Badler).
89. "On the complexity of computing reachable workspaces for redundant manipulators," SPIE International Symposia on Applications in Optical Science and Engineering: OElBoston'90 Symposium on Advances in Intelligent Systems; Intelligent Robots and computer vision IX: Algorithms and complexity, 1990 (T. Alameldin, N. Badler, M. Palis, and S. Rajasekaran). 90.

"An adaptive and efficient system for computing the 3-D reachable workspace," IEEE International Conf. on Systems Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA, Aug. 1990, pp. 503-506 (T. Alameldin, T. Sobh, and N. Badler).

91. "Narrated animation: A case for generation," ACL Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Dawson, PA, June 1990 (8. Webber, M. Steedman, and N. Badler).

92."The Jackinteractive human model," Concurrent Engineering of Mechanical Systems, Vol. l, First Annual Symposium on Mechanical Design in a Concurrent Engineering Environment, Univ. of lowa, Iowa City,IA, October 1989, pp. 179-198 (N. Badler, P. Lee, C. Phillips, and E. Otani). (Selected for republication as a "Best Paper" in the l6h Design Automation Conference, Detroit, MI, September 1990.)
93. "Designing, evaluating, and monitoring human activities," Space Human Factors Workshop, NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, September 1989 (N. Badler)'

94.*An investigation of language input and performance timing for task animation," Graphics Interface '89, Morgan-Kaufmann, Palo Alto, CA, June 1989, pp' 86-93 (J. Esakov, N. Badler, and M. Jung).
95. 'oAnthropometry for computer animated human figures," in State-of+he Art in Computer Animation,N. Magnenat-Thalmann and D. Thalmann (eds.), SpringerVerlag, 1989, pp. 83-96. (M. Grosso, R. Quach, and N. Badler). 96. "Task-driven human figure animation," Proc. NCGA'89, National Computer Graphics Assoc., Philadelphia, PA, 1989 (N. Badler). 97. "Human task animation from performance models and natural language input,"

Graphics Technology in Space Applications, NASA JSC Conference Publication 3045, April 1989 (J. Esakov, M. Jung, and N. Badler).
98. "The Implementation of a Design Knowledge Capturing System," Second IFIP Working Group 5.2 Workshop on Intelligent CAD, Cambridge, England, September 1988 (P. Pu and N. Badler).
99. "Jack:

A toolkit for manipulating articulated figures," ACN{/SIGGRAPH Symposium on User Interface Software, Banff, Canada, October 1988, pp' 22I-229 (C. Phillips and N. Badler).

1O0."Design knowledge capture for device behavior," Third International Conference on Applications of AI in Engineering, Stanford, CA, August 1988, pp. 37-56 @. Pu and

N. Badler).
1

0

I . "Computer animation techniques,"

(invited) 2nd International Gesellschaft für Informatik Congress on Knowledge-Based Systems, Munich, Germany, October 1987, Springer-Verlag, pp.22-34 (N. Badler).

l02."Modeling and animating human task performance," Space Life Sciences Symposium, NASA, Washington, D.C., June 1987, pp.288-29I (N. Badler). l03."Modeling and Animating Human Figures in a CAD Environment," Proc. NCGA '87; Tutorials, Vol. 1, National Computer Graphics Assoc., Philadelphia,PA,l9ST, pp. 93-111 (N. Badler). l04."Animation of Human Figure Dynamics," l3ú Northeast Bioengineering Conf., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, March 1987, pp. 273-275 (P. Lee, M. McCarthy, and N. Badler). l05."Combining Position and Orientation Goals in a Multiple Constraint-Based Articulated Figute Posing System" 13ú Northeast Bioengineering Conf., Univ. of

Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, March 1987,pp.276-278 (G. Walters andN. Badler).

106."4n Anthropometric Database for Computer Graphics Ftruman Figures," 13ú Northeast Bioengineering Conf., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, March 1987, pp. 628-631(M. Grosso, R. Gonda, and N. Badler).

l07."Articulated Figure Positioning by Multiple Constraints and 6-axis Input," Workshop on Interactive 3D Graphics, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, Oct. 1986 (N. Badler, K. Manoochehri, and D. Baraff).
l0S."Incorporating Application Semantics in a User Interface Management System," 1986 Workshop on Interactive Systems Design, Seattle, WA, Nov. 1986 (T. Granor and N. Badler).

l0g."Animation of Human Figures: Perspectives and Directions," (Extended Abshact, invited) Proc. Graphics Interface Conference, Vancouver, BC, Canada, May 1986, pp. 115-120 (N. Badler).
1lQ."Natural Language Input for Human Task Animation," Second Annual Workshop on Robotics and Expert Systems, Instrument Society of America, Houston, TX, June 1986, pp.137-148 (N. Badler and J. Gangel). 1l l."GUIDE: Graphical User Interface Development Environment," Trends and Applications conference, IEEE, Washington, DC, 1985, pp.37-41(T. Granor and N. Badler).

ll2."Hierarchical reasoning: simulating complex processes over multiple levels of abstraction," First Annual Workshop on Robotics and Expert Systems, Instrument Society of America, Houston, TX, 1985, pp. 73-80 @. Fishwick and N. Badler).
113."TEMPUS: A system for the design and simulation of human figures in a taskoriented environment," First Annual Workshop on Robotics and Expert Systems, Instrument Society of America, Houston, TX, 1985, pp.25l-257 (N. Badler, Jon Korein, James Korein, G. Radack, L. Brotman). l l4."Modeling and animating the human form," (Abstract only, invited) Proc. Graphics Interface Conference, Ottawa, ON, Canada,1984 (N. Badler)'
I 15."TEMPUS: A system for the design and simulation of mobile agents in a workstation and task environment," Proc. Trends and Applications Conference, IEEE, Washington, DC, 1983, pp.263-269 (N. Badler, B. Webber, J. Korein, and J. Korein). I l6."Modelling flexible articulated objects," Proc. Computer Graphics 82, ONLINE

conferences, Northwood,

uK, 1982,pp.305-314 (N. Badler

and

M. Morris).

l lT."Understanding human movement: Synthesis and analysis," Proc. 15ú Annual Conf. on Information Sciences and Systems, Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD, 1981, pp. 297 -300 (N. Badler).
1

l S."Animating facial expressions," Proc. l5th Annual Conf. on Information Sciences and systems, Johns Hopkins univ., Baltimore, MD, 1981, pp.22l-225 (S. Platt and

N. Badler).

119."4 new boundary encoding with applications to jigsaw pvzzles," Proc. Fifth International Joint Conf. on Pattern Recognition, Miami, FL, Dec. 1980 (G. Radack and N. Badler).
120."Human movement understanding: A variety of perspectives," Proc. First Annual National Conf. on Artif,icial Intelligence, Stanford, CA, August 1980, pp. 53-55 (N. Badler, J. O'Rourke, S. Platt, and M. Morris).

12l."Interpolating pixel values from arbitrary initial seed points," Proc. Asilomar Workshop on Picture Data Description and Management, Monterey, CA, 1980, pp. I77-I83 (N. Badler and C. Werner). !22."Providing automatic graphic displays through defaults," Proc. CSCSI Conf., victori4 BC, canad4 summer 1980 (s. Gnanamgari, H. Morgan, N. Badler, and B.
Webber).

l23jThe medial axis of a coarse binary image using boundary smoothing,"
Conf., Chicago, IL, August 1979, pp.286-291 (C. Dane and N. Badler).

Proc. PRIP

!24."Anarchitecture for the simulation of human movement," Proc. ACM National Conf., Washington, DC, Dec. 1978, pp. 737-745 (L. Weber, S. Smoliar, and N.
Badler).

l25."Towards a formal model for pseudo-color selection," Proc. PRIP Conf., Troy, NY, 1977,pp.261-265 (N. Badler and L. Miller). 126.*Aconcept model for the description of image sequences," Proc. Milwaukee Symposium on Automatic Computation and Control, Milwaukee, WI, March 1976, pp.377-381. l27."Three-dimensional motion from two-dimensional picture sequences," Proc. Second International Joint Conf. on Pattern Recognition, Copenhagen, Denmark' August 1974,pp. 157-16l (N. Badler).

I28."An introduction to 1.pak, A programming language for artificial intelligence applications," Proc. Third International Joint Conf. on Artificial Intelligence, stanford, cA, August 1973,pp.691-695 (J. Mylopoulos, N. Badler, L. Melli, and N.
Roussopoulos).

Other Publications

1. "SIGGRAPH VRML 3D Ph.D. Conetree,"
August 1998. (N. Badler and R. Webster)

Computer Graphics 28(3),pp.43-44,

2.
3.

"Efforts in Preparation for JackYalidation." Published as Army Research Laboratory ARL-CR-418, Dec. 1997. (Azoula, Badler, Ho, Huh, Kokkevis, Ting)
"Automating Maintenance Instructions Study." Published as Air Force Logistics Technology Research Support D.O.#8 Report, Feb. 1998 (Badler, Webber, Palmer, Bourne, Chopra, Stone, Dang, Bleam).
Japan.

4. "A virtual human presenter," Animated Interface Agents Workshop, IJCAI-97,
(T. Noma and N. Badler).

5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

"Researchers design MediSim to train battlefield medics," Silicon Graphics World, pp.30-31, June, 1996 (N. Badler)

rlAnimation through reactions, transition nets and plans," International Workshop on Human Interface Technology, Aizu, Japan, September, 1995 (8. Webber and N. Badler).

"A workshop on standards for facial animatioî," Computer Graphics 29(2):66-67, May 1995 (N. Badler and C. Pelachaud).
"Modeling humans from the outside in," Interactive Technology in Surgery and Medicine, Leeds, UK, 1995 (N. Badler, B. Webber, D. Metaxas and J. Clarke). "Instructions N. Badler).

-

Language and Behavior," Panel abstract, IJCAI, 1993 (8. Webber and

10. "Gr