Eolas Technologies Incorporated v. Adobe Systems Incorporated et al

Filing 1136

SUR-REPLY to Reply to Response to Motion re 1118 Opposed MOTION for Discovery Motion for Leave to Serve Discovery on Apple, Inc., Patrick Heynen and Los Alamos National Laboratory filed by Eolas Technologies Incorporated, The Regents of the University of California. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 4)(McKool, Mike)

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EXHIBIT 4 Computer Graphics. 26.2, July 1992 A Fast and Accurate Light Reftection Model Xiao D. He Pmrick 0, Heyne/! Ke""l'fh E. Torrance Ridwrd L P/riJ/i/ls" Dm'ill H Sa/esi" Donald p, Greenher,l! Program of Computer Graphics Cornel] Univer.~iIY Ithaca. New York 14K5} • Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, New Mexico H7545 Abstract This multimedia paper elaborates on the comprehensive physieallybased light reflection model introduced by He et al. [11. To explain the model more fully. the paper gives an overview of the light reflection process at a surface. and employs an interactive graphical 100110 demonstrate the reflection model's directional behavior. To make Ihe model more praclical, lhe paper describes an accurate approximation of the reflection model. based on a spline surface. that i.~ much fa,~ter to compute. The papert'oncJudes with twO animated sequences. which demonstrate some features of light reflection that are accounted for by The model. The full paper demonslnl1es the potential of interactive multimedia. IT is written using MediaView [21. a system for authoring documents that include graphics. sound. video. and computer animation. CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: 13.7 (CompuTer GraphicsJ: Three-Dimension:ll Graphics and Realism: J..l.l lCompuTer Graphics]: Picture/lmage Generation: 1.2 (Physical Sciences and Engineering]: Physi(',. Additional Key Words: reflectance model, multimedia. In this multimedia paper we :lddress bolh of!he,e issues. To help e.splain the light refle('tion model. the paper gi\'es a graphical overview or the lighT renection process al a surface. and employs an interactive graphical Tool TO demonstraTe the model's direCTional behavior. This tool allows Ihe viewer 10 ob,erve The effects on the various terms of the light distribution function as parameters arc changed. To make 'he model practical. lhe paper describe, how The infinite summation Term can be closely approJlimated by a spline surfa('e and stored as a small lookup table of control point'. Thi~ approximatioo allows very fasl compuTation of The full BRDF. as demonslrated hy 'he interat·tive sc,sion, themselves. Finally. the multimedia paper include~ T o ilnimation ..equent·es. .... which demonstraTe 'ome lcature, of light reflection that are itC· (ounted for by the ph~'sically·ha,ed model and were nOt Keounted for hy previou, modeh. The full paper wa.' wrillen u,ing the MediaView 'y,tcm. developed by Richard Phillip, 121. [n this e~tcnded ab,traet. we allemplto give the flavor of the full multimedia documenl hy u,iflg a ,equence of iIlustraTion~ from iI' imeractive toob and animations. 2 Introduction For photorealisli<: image generalion it is essential to use a comprehensive light reflection model that provides a smooth transition from specular 10 diffuse behavior. In additioo. to ensure aCCllr3C)' The model must be physically based. For theSt' reasons. a new general lighT refleclion model was preby He 1'/ (/1. at srGGRAPH '91 I J]. The model is based on physkal optics and describes specular. directional diffuse. and uni1'0(01 diffuse renel.'lium off a surface. The reneelcd Jighl pallem depends on wavelength. incidence angle. two surface roughness paramelers. and lhl' surface refraClive index.. The model applies to a widc range of materials and surface finishes. and has been experimenIally verified. .~enled Understanding the ph.~'sically-based model The bidiret'Tirm;11 reneeTa'1l'e di'lriburion fun,'lion (BR DF) depend, on a number of geometrititl and physit'al parameters 111. The ~e· omelrical parameters include. among other things. the pola' angle of irM:idence (} and The solid angle of lhe inddenl heam d...·. The physical parameter, include the wavelength of the light A. as well as .'ome phY'ical parameters of The surface-its "roughne,s:' given by fY and T. whkh ,peeir) tile height and width of '01,,11 statislical peah on The 'urfa('e: and its index of refracT inn ii. whieh i, a function of ,X. Howe,·cr. ttll.' model IIlso hll.s .~ome dis:ldv'lOl;lges. If conlains an intiniTe summmion teml thaI con~'erges very slOWly. In addition. be'·au",.' the rnlxlel i.s l.'omplc.s. iT is difficult TO understand. The full BRDF can be di"ided into three major reflection eomponcll1~-specular. diret·tional diffuse. and uniform diffusewhich in tum can be broken into smaller Tcmh. sut·h as Fresnel re· flecTivily, effective roughne". and surface masking and shadowing. Each of ,hese lerms can tx· wrillen a, a function of the various geomt.·Tricill and physical parameters of Ih(' reneeting ,urface and thc illuminating light. Permi.'.""n r<> ,"'fIY "'lll<,... r ke ~II "r 1""1 ,t{ til" ",.reri.1 i, ~rJnr,'tI p"uvi<led (Il.tltle (''file, .,e nol m..w: '" <liM'rt-uted for direCl ("mmerei.l ""v.nr.~e, (Ile ACM (''f>Yrighr nn'''''' .nd lhe utlc of (he puIlT;.;..r;on.nd it> dare appc... and ....Il;.;" i, ~ivc" lhal '"'''pring i, fly po:rm;"ion "f (Ile Assn,:,a,ion for C"mpuli!l~ Machiocf)'. Tn ,",oP)' "rller'.",,,,. '" In rel"'flli'h. requi,e,. fcc '0010' ,pceili<: [lCrmr"~'n [n lhc multimedia paper. the rcader learns ablJut The behavior of lhe full BRDF by .~tudying Th.. eflect of lhc,e \'arious parameters on each (If Ihe model's terms. The user imeracl> with the model by varying the positions of sliders on The menu shown in Figure 2. To \'ar)' tht· indt'Jl of refraction Ii. the U.~er change' the m.lIerial "type" (e.g .. aluminum is selected ;n Figure 21. In addition. hy louehrng souo 25~ SIGGRAPH '92 Chicago, july 26-31, 1992 0==0.07 0=0.10 0==0.14 0=0.12 0=0.15 \: Figure 1: Effect of surface roughness u (in p,m) on light reflection the "Play" bulton, the user can watch a "prerecorded" demonstration of this interaction, which is played back along with an audio track explaining the parameter effects. The graphical style of this interactive tool is illustrated in the bottom row of Figure I, which shows a sequence of polar plots of the full BRDF for aluminum as the surface roughness parameter (u) is increased. 3 A fast approximation In order to make the light reflection model computationally tractable, we describe how it can be approximated by a spline surface. This surface can be computed once for all materials and stored as a two-dimensional lookup table of control points. A table of 80 x 80 points allows any material's reflection function to be approximated to within a relalive error of I %. Using this spline approximation gives a two-to three-orders-of-magnitude speedup over computing the summation directly 10 within I % error. 4 Animated sequences To demonstrate some features of the physically-based light reflection model that are not accounted for by previous models, the paper uses two animated sequences. The first animation shows the transition of reflections on the faces of a roughened aluminum box as the surface roughness (0') increases. Five frames of this sequence are shown in the top row of Figure I. Above each frame is shown a schematic diagram of the BRDF for that value of (1. The second animation shows the emergence of specular reflection off a gallery floor as the camera moves to grazing angles. Three frames of this sequence are shown in Figure 3. Figure 3: Emergence of specular reflection AcknOWledgments This work was supponed by the NSF grant, "Interactive Computer Graphics Input and Display Techniques" (CCR-8617880), by the NSF/DARPA Science and Technology Center for Computer Graphics and Scientific Visualization (ASC-8920219), and by generous donations of equipment from Hewlett-Packard and NeXT. References (I J Xiao D. He, Kenneth E. Torrance, Fran\;ois X. Sillion, and Donald P. Greenberg. A comprehensive physical model for light re- flection. Computer Graphics 25(4); 175-86,1991. Figure 2: Control panel and document 254 r2j Richard L. Phillips. A general multimedia publishing system. CommunicaTions of the ACM 34(7),1991. Prod_Beg ADBE0195786 Conf: CONFIDENTIAL ATTORNEYS' EYES ONLY

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