Eolas Technologies Incorporated v. Adobe Systems Incorporated et al

Filing 479

JOINT CLAIM CONSTRUCTION and PREHEARING STATEMENT filed by Adobe Systems Incorporated, Amazon.com Inc., Apple Inc., CDW Corporation, Citigroup Inc., Ebay Inc., Eolas Technologies Incorporated, Frito-Lay, Inc., Google Inc., J.C. Penney Company, Inc., JPMorgan Chase & Co., New Frontier Media, Inc., Office Depot, Inc., Perot Systems Corp., Playboy Enterprises International, Inc., Rent-A-Center, Inc., Staples, Inc., Sun Microsystems, Inc., Texas Instruments Inc., The Go Daddy Group, Inc., Yahoo! Inc., YouTube, LLC. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B)(Cederoth, Richard)

Eolas Technologies Incorporated v. Adobe Systems Incorporated et al

Doc. 479 Att. 1

EXHIBIT A

1
Dockets.Justia.com

Eolas' Proposed Claim Constructions and Identification of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Evidence for the '906 and '985 Patents
No. 1. Claim Term, Phrase, or Clause "automatically [invoking / invoke] [the / said] executable application" Eolas' Proposed Construction No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: automatically calling or activating the executable application. Extrinsic Evidence Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary at 196, "invoke" (c. 1991) Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary at 196, "invoke" (c. 1991) Intrinsic Evidence (cites are to '985 specification)1 3:38-42

2.

"executable application is automatically invoked by the browser"

No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: executable application is automatically called or activated by the browser.

3:38-42

3.

"workstation"

No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: a computer system connected to a network that serves the role of an information requester No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: a computer system that serves the role of an information provider any computer program code, that is not the operating system or a utility, that is launched to enable an end-user to directly interact with data Prior construction of term in Eolas Techs. v. Microsoft Corp., 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS

Fig 2; Fig 3; Fig 4; 1:30-37; 4-17-52; 6:8-15; 6:39-53

4.

"network server"

Fig 2; Fig 3; Fig 4; 4:25-52; 6:39-50

5.

"executable application"

Fig. 5; Fig. 9; 6:41-50; 6:5359; 8:49-64; 9:13-36; 9:4143; 9:48-51; 9:59-64; 10:6611:4; 12:51-13:16; 13:22-26

1

U.S. Patent No. 7,599,985 is a continuation of U.S. Patent No. 5,838,906. The specifications of the two patents are nearly identical.

2

No.

Claim Term, Phrase, or Clause

Eolas' Proposed Construction

Extrinsic Evidence 18886, at *56 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 28, 2000) aff'd by Eolas Techs., Inc. v. Microsoft Corp., 399 F.3d 1325, 1336 (Fed. Cir. 2005)

Intrinsic Evidence (cites are to '985 specification)1

6.

"object"

text, images, sound files, video data, documents or other types of information that is presentable to a user of a computer system

7.

"type information"

No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: any information used by the browser to identify and locate the executable application, and may include the name of an application associated with the object

8.

"file"

No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: a named collection of data.

Prior construction of term in Eolas Techs. v. Microsoft Corp., 2000 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 18886, at *56 (N.D. Ill. Dec. 28, 2000) Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary at 144, "file" (c. 1991) The New IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and

Fig. 1; Fig. 5; 1:59-2:1; 2:1244; 2:53-59; 3:23-25; 3:3145; 4:53-56; 5:7-16; 5:31-42; 6:16-35; 6:39-41; 9:32-36 12:60-13:31

3

No.

Claim Term, Phrase, or Clause

Eolas' Proposed Construction

Extrinsic Evidence Electronics Terms at 498, "file" (c. 1993)

Intrinsic Evidence (cites are to '985 specification)1

9.

"[first] document"

hypermedia

No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: a document that allows a user to click on images, sound icons, video icons, etc., that link to other objects of various media types, such as additional graphics, sound, video, text, or hypermedia or hypertext documents No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: [first] hypermedia document that allows a user to access a remote data object over a network. No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: the file contains information to allow the browser application to display at least part of a distributed hypermedia document.

Fig. 1; 1:59-2:34

10.

"[first] distributed hypermedia document"

Fig. 1; 1:59-2:34; 5:24-40

11.

"file containing information to enable a browser application to display [, on] [said/the] [client workstation,] at least [a / said] portion of [a / said] distributed hypermedia document" "text format"

Fig. 1; 1:59-2:34; 5:24-40

12.

No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: text that initiates processing. No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: text format for embedding an object. No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean:

17:6-24:9

13.

"embed text format"

12:55-13:19

14.

"embed text format, located at a first location in said first distributed hypermedia

Fig. 1; 1:59-2:34; 5:24-40; 12:55-13:19

4

No.

Claim Term, Phrase, or Clause document" "embed text format [which] correspond[s/ing] to [a / said] first location in the document" "distributed application"

Eolas' Proposed Construction embed text format located at a first location in the first distributed hypermedia document. No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: embed text format which relates to a first place in the document. No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: an application that may be broken up and performed among two or more computers. No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean that: the computer program product that includes a computer usable medium having computer readable program code for causing the client workstation to execute a browser application.

Extrinsic Evidence

Intrinsic Evidence (cites are to '985 specification)1

15.

12:55-13:19

16.

Fig. 6; 10:63-11:10.

17.

"A computer program product . . . comprising a computer usable medium having computer readable program code physically embodied therein, said computer program product further comprising: computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to execute a browser application" "computer readable media encoded with software"

2:67-3:3; 8:49-53; 8:65-67; 9:7-9; 9:14-17

18.

No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: computer readable media having software. No construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: to break an input into smaller pieces. Microsoft Press Computer Dictionary at 259, "parse" (c. 1991)

2:67-3:3; 8:49-53; 8:65-67; 9:7-9; 9:14-17

19.

"pars[e/es/ed/ing]"

Fig. 7A; Fig 7B; Fig 8A; Fig 8B; 9:7-11

5

No. 20.

Claim Term, Phrase, or Clause "identify[ing] an embed text format"

Eolas' Proposed Construction No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: identifying an embed text format. No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: an embed text format is identified. No further construction of this term is needed. In the alternative, to the extent a construction is deemed necessary, this term should be construed to mean: specifies the location of at least part of an object.

Extrinsic Evidence

Intrinsic Evidence (cites are to '985 specification)1 12:55-13:19

21.

"an embed text format . . . is identified"

12:55-13:19

22.

"specifies the location of at least a portion of [an / said] object"

Fig. 1; Fig. 5; 1:59-2:1; 2:1244; 2:53-59; 3:23-25; 3:3145; 4:53-56; 5:7-16; 5:31-42; 6:16-35; 6:39-41; 9:32-36

6

Eolas Contends That No Claim Limitations In Any Of The Asserted Claims Of The Patents In Suit Should Be Governed By 35 U.S.C. § 112(6). It Provides The Identified Corresponding Structure Below In The Alternative Only.
No. Claim claim 6 of the '906 patent Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6) computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to execute a browser application to parse a first distributed hypermedia document to identify text formats included in said distributed hypermedia document and to respond to predetermined text formats to initiate processes specified by said text formats; Corresponding Structure Figs. 4-7; 8:36-11:17; 12:50-14:63

1.

2. 3. 4.

claim 9 of the '906 patent claim 10 of the '906 patent claim 6 of the '906 patent claim 10 of the '906 patent computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to utilize said browser to display, on said client workstation, at least a portion of a first hypermedia document received over said network from said server, wherein the portion of said first hypermedia document is displayed within a first browser-controlled window on said client workstation, wherein said first distributed hypermedia document includes an embed text format, located at a first location in said first distributed hypermedia document, that specifies the location of at least a portion of an object external to the first distributed hypermedia document, wherein said object has type information associated with it utilized by said browser to identify and locate an executable application external to the first distributed hypermedia document, and wherein said embed text format is parsed by said browser to automatically invoke said executable application to execute on said client workstation in order to display said object and enable an end-user to directly interact with said object within a display area created at said first location within the portion of said first distributed hypermedia document being displayed in said first browser-controlled window. wherein said executable application is a controllable application and further comprising: computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to interactively control said controllable application on said client workstation via interprocess communications between said browser and said controllable application. Figs. 4-8; 8:36-11:17; 12:50-16:8

5.

6.

claim 7 of the '906 patent

Figs. 5-6, 8, 10; 6:63-7:6; 8:56-12:49; 14:64-16:7; 16:28-16:46

7

No.

Claim claim 7 of the '906 patent claim 9 of the '906 patent claim 10 of the '906 patent claim 8 of the '906 patent

Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6) computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to interactively control said controllable application on said client workstation via inter-process communications between said browser and said controllable application.

Corresponding Structure Figs. 5-6, 8, 10; 6:63-7:6; 8:56-12:49; 14:64-16:7; 16:28-16:46

7. 8. 9. 10.

wherein the communications to interactively control said controllable application continue to be exchanged between the controllable application and the browser even after the controllable application program has been launched. wherein additional instructions for controlling said controllable application reside on said network server, wherein said computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to interactively control said controllable application on said client workstation includes: computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to issue from the client workstation, one or more commands to the network server; computer readable program code for causing said network server to execute one or more instructions in response to said commands; computer readable program code for causing said network server to send information to said client workstation in response to said executed instructions; and computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to process said information at the client workstation to interactively control said controllable application. wherein additional instructions for controlling said controllable application reside on said network server, wherein said computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to interactively control said controllable application on said client workstation includes: computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to issue, from the client workstation, one or more commands to the network server; computer readable program code for causing said network server to execute one or more instructions in response to said commands; computer readable program code for causing said network server to send information to said client workstation in response to said executed instructions; and

Figs. 5-6, 8, 10; 6:63-7:6; 8:56-12:49; 14:64-16:7; 16:28-16:46

11. 12.

claim 13 of the '906 patent claim 9 of the '906 patent

Figs. 4-6; 1:45-60; 5:24-5:38; 6:50-7:6; 8:3612:50

13.

claim 10 of the '906 patent

Figs. 4-6; 1:45-60; 5:24-5:38; 6:50-7:6; 8:3612:50

8

No.

Claim

Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6) computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to process said information at the client workstation to interactively control said controllable application; and wherein said additional instructions for controlling said controllable application reside on said client workstation.

Corresponding Structure

14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

claim 13 of the '906 patent claim 9 of the '906 patent claim 10 of the '906 patent claim 13 of the '906 patent claim 9 of the '906 patent claim 10 of the '906 patent claim 13 of the '906 patent patent claim 9 of the '906 patent claim 10 of the '906 patent claim 13 of the '906 patent claim 9 of the '906 patent

computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to issue from the client workstation, one or more commands to the network server;

Figs. 4-6; 1:45-60; 5:24-5:38; 6:50-7:6; 8:3612:50

computer readable program code for causing said network server to execute one or more instructions in response to said commands;

Figs. 4-6; 1:45-60; 5:24-5:38; 6:50-7:6; 8:3612:50

computer readable program code for causing said network server to send information to said client workstation in response to said executed instructions;

Figs. 4-6; 1:45-60; 5:24-5:38; 6:50-7:6; 8:3612:50

21. 22. 23. 24.

computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to process said information at the client workstation to interactively control said controllable application.

Figs. 5-6, 8, 10; 6:63-7:6; 8:56-12:49; 14:64-16:7; 16:28-16:46

9

No.

Claim claim 10 of the '906 patent claim 14 of the '906 patent patent claim 9 of the '906 patent

Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6)

Corresponding Structure

25. 26.

wherein said additional instructions for controlling said controllable application reside on said client workstation. computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to utilize said browser to display, on said client workstation, at least a portion of a first hypermedia document received over said network from said server, wherein the portion of said first hypermedia document is displayed within a first browser-controlled window on said client workstation, wherein said first distributed hypermedia document includes an embed text format, located at a first location in said first distributed hypermedia document, that specifies the location of at least a portion of an object external to the first distributed hypermedia document, wherein said object has type information associated with it utilized by said browser to identify and locate an executable application external to the first distributed hypermedia document, and wherein said embed text format is parsed by said browser to automatically invoke said executable application to execute on said client workstation in order to display said object and enable interactive processing of said object within a display area created at said first location within the portion of said first distributed hypermedia document being displayed in said first browser-controlled window; wherein said executable application is a controllable application and further comprising: computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to interactively control said controllable application of said client workstation via inter-process communications between said browser and said controllable application; wherein the communications to interactively control said controllable application continue to be exchanged between the controllable application and the browser even after the controllable application program has been launched; and wherein additional instructions for controlling said controllable application reside on said network server, wherein said computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to interactively control said controllable application on said client workstation includes: computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to issue, from the client workstation, one or

Figs. 5-6, 8, 10; 6:63-7:6; 8:56-12:49; 14:64-16:7; 16:28-16:46 Figs. 4-8, 10; 6:63-7:6; 8:36-16:46

27.

10

No.

Claim

Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6) more commands to the network server; computer readable program code for causing said network server to execute one or more instructions in response to said commands; computer readable program code for causing said network server to send information to said client workstation in response to said executed instructions; and computer readable program code for causing said client workstation to process said information at the client workstation to interactively control said controllable application.

Corresponding Structure

28.

claim 16 of the '985 patent

software comprising computer executable instructions . . . and when the software is executed operable to: receive, at the client workstation from the network server over the network environment, at least one file containing information to enable a browser application to display at least a portion of a distributed hypermedia document within a browser-controlled window; cause the client workstation to utilize the browser to: respond to text formats to initiate processing specified by the text formats; display at least a portion of the document within the browser-controlled window; identify an embed text format corresponding to a first location in the document, the embed text format specifying the location of at least a portion of an object external to the file, with the object having type information associated with it; utilize the type information to identify and locate an executable application external to the file; and automatically invoke the executable application, in response to the identifying of the embed text format, to execute on the client workstation in order to display the object and enable an end-user to directly interact with the object while the object is being displayed within a display area created at the first location within the portion of the hypermedia document being displayed in the browsercontrolled window. claim 16 where: the information to enable comprises text formats. The method of claim 20 where: the information to enable comprises text formats.

Figs. 4-8, 10; 8:20-10:62; 12:51-16:7; 16:28-46

29.

claim 17 of the'985 patent claim 21 of the'985 patent

Figs. 7-8; 12:31-37; 12:51-13:2; 13:36-16:7.

30.

The method of claim 24 where: the information to enable comprises text formats. The method of claim 28 where: the information to enable comprises

11

No.

Claim claim 25 of the'985 patent claim 29 of the'985 patent claim 33 of the'985 patent claim 41 of the'985 patent claim 18 of the'985 patent claim 22 of the'985 patent claim 26 of the'985 patent claim 30 of the'985 patent claim 34 of the'985 patent claim 42 of the'985 patent claim 19 of the'985 patent claim 23 of the'985 patent text formats.

Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6)

Corresponding Structure

31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

The method of claim 32 where: the information to enable comprises text formats. The method of claim 40 where: the information to enable comprises text formats.

claim 17 where: the text formats are HTML tags. The method of claim 21 where: the text formats are HTML tags.

Figs. 7-8; 12:31-37; 12:51-13:2; 13:36-16:7

36.

The method of claim 25 where: the text formats are HTML tags. The method of claim 29 where: the text formats are HTML tags. The method of claim 33 where: the text formats are HTML tags. The method of claim 41 where: the text formats are HTML tags.

37.

38.

39.

40. 41.

claim 16 where: the information contained in the file received comprises at least one embed text format. The method of claim 20 where: the information contained in the file received comprises at least one embed text format. The method of claim 24 where: the information contained in the file

Figs. 7-8; 12:31-37; 12:51-13:2; 13:36-16:7

42.

12

No.

Claim claim 27 of the'985 patent claim 31 of the'985 patent claim 35 of the'985 patent claim 43 of the'985 patent claim 20 of the'985 patent

Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6) received comprises at least one embed text format.

Corresponding Structure

43.

The method of claim 28 where: the information contained in the file received comprises at least one embed text format. The method of claim 32 where: the information contained in the file received comprises at least one embed text format. The method of claim 40 where: the information contained in the file received comprises at least one embed text format.

44.

45.

46. 47.

communicating via the network server with at least one client workstation over said network in order to cause said client workstation to: receive, over said network environment from said server, at least one file containing information to enable a browser application to display at least a portion of a distributed hypermedia document within a browser-controlled window; execute, at said client workstation, a browser application, with the browser application: responding to text formats to initiate A method for running an executable application in a computer network environment . . . the method comprising: enabling an enduser to directly interact with an object by utilizing said executable application to interactively process said object while the object is being displayed within a display area created at a first location within a portion of a hypermedia document being displayed in a browser-controlled window, wherein said network environment is a distributed hypermedia environment, wherein said client workstation receives, over said network environment from said server, at least one file containing information to enable said browser application to display, on said client workstation, at least said portion of said distributed hypermedia document within said browser-controlled window, wherein said executable application is external to said file, wherein said client workstation executes the browser application, with the browser application responding to text formats to initiate processing specified by the text formats, wherein

Figs. 4-8, 10; 8:20-10:62; 12:51-16:7; 16:28-46

48.

claim 24 of the'985 patent

Figs. 4-8, 10; 8:20-10:62; 12:51-16:7; 16:28-46

13

No.

Claim

Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6) at least said portion of the document is displayed within the browser-controlled window, wherein an embed text format which corresponds to said first location in the document is identified by the browser, wherein the embed text format specifies the location of at least a portion of said object external to the file, wherein the object has type information associated with it, wherein the type information is utilized by the browser to identify and locate said executable application, and wherein the executable application is automatically

Corresponding Structure

49.

Claim 28 of the '985 patent

software comprising an executable application . . . operable to: cause the client workstation to display an object and enable an enduser to directly interact with said object while the object is being displayed within a display area created at a first location within a portion of a hypermedia document being displayed in a browser controlled window, wherein said network environment is a distributed hypermedia environment, wherein said client workstation receives, over said network environment from said server, at least one file containing information to enable said browser application to display, on said client workstation, at least said portion of said distributed hypermedia document within said browser-controlled window, wherein said executable application is external to said file, wherein said client workstation executes said browser application, with the browser application responding to text formats to initiate processing specified by the text formats, wherein at least said portion of the document is displayed within the browser-controlled window, wherein an embed text format which corresponds to said first location in the document is identified by the browser, wherein the embed text format specifies the location of at least a portion of said object external to the file, wherein the object has type information associated with it, wherein the type information is utilized by the browser to identify and locate said executable application, and wherein the executable application is automatically invoked by the browser, in response to the identifying of the embed text format. communicating via a network server with at least one client workstation over said computer network environment in order to cause said client workstation to: receive at said client workstation, over said computer network environment from said server, at least

Figs. 4-8, 10; 8:20-10:62; 12:51-16:7; 16:28-46

50.

claim 32 of the '985 patent

Figs. 4-8, 10; 8:20-10:62; 12:51-16:7; 16:28-46

14

No.

Claim

Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6) one file containing information to enable a browser application to display, on said client workstation, at least a portion of a distributed hypermedia document within a browser-controlled window; utilize an executable application external to said file to enable an end-user to directly interact with an object while the object is being displayed within a display area created at a first location within the portion of the distributed hypermedia document being displayed in the browser-controlled window, with said network server coupled to said computer network environment, wherein said computer network environment has at least said client workstation and said network server coupled to the computer network environment, wherein said computer network environment is a distributed hypermedia environment, wherein said client workstation executes the browser application, with the browser application responding to text formats to initiate processing specified by the text formats, wherein at least said portion of the document is displayed within the browser-controlled window, wherein an embed text format which corresponds to said first location in the document is identified by the browser, wherein the embed text format specifies the location of at least a portion of said object external to the file, wherein the object has type information associated with it, wherein the type information is utilized by the browser to identify and locate said executable application, and wherein the executable application is automatically invoked by the browser, in response to the identifying of the embed text format.

Corresponding Structure

51.

claim 40 of the '985 patent

communicating via the network server with at least one remote client workstation over said computer network environment in order to cause said client workstation to: receive, over said computer network environment from the network server, at least one file containing information to enable a browser application to display at least a portion of a distributed hypermedia document within a browser-controlled window; execute, at said client workstation, a browser application, with the browser application: responding to text formats to initiate processing specified by the text formats; displaying, on said client workstation, at least a portion of the document within the browser-controlled window; identifying an embed text format which corresponds to a first location in the document, where the embed text format specifies the location of at least a portion of an object; identifying and locating an executable

Figs. 4-8, 10; 8:20-10:62; 12:51-16:7; 16:28-46

15

No.

Claim

Term Allegedly Governed by 112(6) application associated with the object; and automatically invoking the executable application, in response to the identifying of the embed text format, in order to enable an end-user to directly interact with the object while the object is being displayed within a display area created at the first location within the portion of the hypermedia document being displayed in the browser-controlled window, wherein the executable application is part of a distributed application, and wherein at least a portion of the distributed application is for execution on the network server.

Corresponding Structure

16

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Ok (ragmc:ntadon

rue gap

nche S«J microfiche. ne ld A loca t ion in :l record in w h ich a panicular type of da ta is stored. For cx:mlple, EMPLOYEERECORD might conl. l n fields to Store Last-Name, 1 first -Name, Address, City, State, Zip-Code, Hire()-Jte , Currem-saJary, Pay-Gr:Kk, Title, Department, l:Lst-lncrc3..St"-OaIe, and so on. IndivXlual fJdds h2\'e their own specifications as 10 maximum bJgth :mel. the type of dala (for- e x :unpk-, alphabetic, 1llImL'fic, t t financial) thai can be pl3CetJ in them. The faCility for creating these Spt.'CirlCations uswdly is contained in the dau dl.fi n it i o n bnguagc (DDL). In relationa l dalaoose ffi;l:nagL"Il1Cnt systems. fields are ailed roIumns. fle l d· e f f e c t transistor Sd! PET. f'kld-progr.un.mabk logic :tTr.Iy Abbrevialed FPLA; also known a... prtl8l':/imm:able logic array (PLA). An integrated circuit containing an array of logic drcuits in which lhe ronoc'ctions betw(:en the indivldu.'ll circuits, and thus the logic functionS of the array, can be progr:unmed after manufact u r e , typic3J1y at the time of ins12lJ.ation (in the field). The prog r a m m i n g can be performed only once, and It is typk;l ll y done by p;Is.~ i n g high CUTr e n t through fusible links on the c h ip . neld separator Any character lhal separates o ne field of da ta from aOOlher. SLoe also delimiter. FIFO h first In, fitS( oot. flfth - ~tt3tion computer Set'compuler. fifth nonnal fonn (5NF) Scenomul form.. Ole A rompit.'1.e, name,J roI.kctiOn of infonnatioo. such as a program, a SCt of data used by l program, Of' a u.'§Ct-CJ"eawd document A file is the basic unit of stOT:lge that enables a computcr to distingtJish one s!"''1 ofinfornution from anocher. A rilc might or might not be smred in human· r e a d a b l e form, but it Is still the "glue" thai bmw iI COTlgionx.'fation of instructions, numbers. words, or im.,gcs iruo a coht.-rent unit th:.I.t a user ("3n retrieve. change, deIt.'te, save, or snxt to an OOtput dt.'Vice. me allocation tab le A 12blc or liS! maintained by

some operaung 5y:ilenlS 10 keep track of the status
of variOlL'> segments of ellsk space usc:.:d for rile
storngt!. Files on a disk arc stOl'('d, as sp3ce allows, In fU(\.'<i -si z e groups of bytt.::i (characters) rather

th:m from beginning to e nd as neat, continuous s t r i ng s o r text or num be r s . A single rile \.~n thus be scatlcwd In pieces ovcr m:my scp:lr:IlC stoolgc arc:t.... A file alloc:1tion table e n ablc:.-s the op\'"r.lting system to maintain a "mapM of :.iv-,lilable disk storage space so that It can mark naw(.-d S(.'gnl('nt$ that should not be used and can find :lOd link the piCt."('li of a me In the MS·[x)s operaLUlg system, the rile 3.lloc:1lion tI.bIe is commonly known :as the FAT (pronounced "f-at "). m e anribute A restrictive label altxhed to :l file that dcscribe:oi and n,.'gula lC'i lIS uSt.'- for e:umpJe, hidden, syst\.'fTl, read,only, archive, and so forth . In MS-DOS, this information is stored :IS po rl of the 1 file's directory entry. rue b:adcup St~OOckup. Ok compression The process of n.-clUCing the stor.age space required for a fl1(> Sn: also data """'P=>1on. file control block Ai.Jbrco.i.1led !-"cll A small block of memory temporarily assigtk.-d by a I.."omput<:r·s oper:lIlng systcm to hold inform:ltiQn abc:Jut :2 file t h:lt has been opcrn..'CI ror usc. A file control block t yplC.lIl y conta in s such informat ion as Ihe file"s lu e m lflClI lo n , It s 1 00J. t i o n on disk, :mu a pointer 0 tha t marks the use r 's current (Of hl.'it) l)()Si!lon in tlte file. rue conversJon The process 0( transforming the data III a file from 0fI(- f o r m a t to anoth<:r without :Ilt\."rlng the meaning of its COIllcms-ror example, con\-ening a fiI~ from ::I 1.\'Ofd proo:ssor-'s rorm:lI Irno its ASCII equivalent. Ole extcosion Sruextl..-nskln ('tie exlent SeceX1\.-nL O le format The structure of:t me that defines tht" -way II is Slared and laid OUt on thc 5l..T(.'\.'n or in print. 'n l l:: format \.'3n be fairly simple and COlllm o n , :IS arc files start"(! as "plain" ASC II text, or it em be quile complex and include V3.TKJ0!> types of centrol InSfrUClions and codt.~ lL."<.-d hy l)fllKl'3ms and by printers and OIlter deVM.'d. Ex2mplcs ind u d t " RTf ( Rich Tex! format), DCA (DocUffil.""Ot Content Architecture), PIer. DIP Ubla lmc:rch:mge Forma!), DXf, T IF F (Tag Image fik- Potm:lI), and EllSF (Erlclpsul:lIed PostScript Fofm:IIJ Ole fragmen t a t i o n A condit iun in which flies arc

broken rawd 51

qUt"nce

e<owde blocks ·

r""",,,
ilonC' the ells
meru<d

redistril In ,

xcunru
Mast d; grams dency occupit Ilk pp

no"',,,

Ilk """
her)

tN

0<. oem

radioO! rue-han slst In files, M h.,ndlin

comp1e
are dte Ilk hea< Ilk b",

""""" =oro
me Ubr.
l1Iaintai
cessiO :

layout.

m e mal
iog, in~ alterif"18
l.'Opyi~
031

to

E

from rho
dalabas format' forminjl

flIe man

144

inv~ned

lis t

i n v e r t e d list A mcthod for creating alternative kX::llors ror ~IS of information. I'or example, in a fill· t:omainir18 dam about Clrs, records 3, 7, 19, 24. and 32 might cont.1in the v:due "Red" in the flt'ld COI.oR. An Invertl-"ti list (or index) on the field COLOR would comain a mcord for "Red" followed by the locllor num1x:rs3. 7,19, 24, and 32. Compare link<--d hl>l . lnv.:.ncd Ul>"1 database ,.. d:lIai»se similar to a relational ilillaoose but with the following differences: · The rows ("-'COfdS or tuples) of an invefled list t:able:are (lft!t.·red in a specIfIC physical seq u e n c e , independent of any orderings lh:ll may be imJlOM."tI by mc:lns of indcx(.'S. · The lO(al dllai»se can alfO be ordenxl, with spcdtlt.'d !ogied II'ICfge criteria being imp o s e d oo\\l\.''(.'n tables.
Any numlx'f of search k(.'Ys. cilht:r simple or l'Omposite. can he ddin<-'ti. Unlike the keys of a relatIonal systcm, these .search keys art:~ arbilr:ICY ficld.s or combinations of flelds. No integrity or unlqucness ronstl'3ints are cnfol't.'(..-d.

·

·

·

Neither Ihe indexes nor the tables are tl'3n5.. p a r e n t 10 the user, "' they would normally be in a rc:la t ional Systl.'lll.

I3ec-dUSC of Ihest! differences, it IS much more difficult for the database marugcmcm sysrem to assure d;lIa consistt:f'lC')', Imt.'~rity, and st!Cllrity with :1.0 in\'cncd liM dat:loo.<;(." lhan with a relational
S}'l"I--m.

In\'ened struclUre A flle structure in whICh n."(.'OI'd keys arc !>Iored :lIld manipulated scp:lf'alciy frorn the records tllf..-msc:lvcs Im'Cl'ter In cleCtronics, a logic CUCU\t lh:lt inverts (n...... t'TSCs) thc siWlal Input to it-for example. in\ ' l ' r l i n g a hiSh input to a knv (Allput. An im'eft('f is alSO:l dcvICe that converts direct current ( DC) into alternating current ( ,.. Cl. invokc To 1.':111 or :1l1iv,lIe, ust.-d in reference 10 comm:trn..l,!, and suhroutincs. I/O .'i:(,' Input/ o u t p u t . I/O· b o u n d S!.'(! Input/output·bound.

lo n . d e p o s l t l o n prin t e r An page prinlersimilarlO a lascrprinterbut based nlOl'C expensive t(.'C'hnoiogy. These printers, mainly in high-volume data-p r o c e s s i n g ""'\ro.. nx!ms, typically operate al speed., from 30 10 pages per minutc. Like other ek~"'opho,"""",",: primers, ion-deposition models use an s tatic-dlly C::h:!.rgt..'ti drum. Rather than convcn~ some form of light Into an elcctro:sl:ltk eharge, h~er, as laser, LED, and I.CO printers do, iond e p o s i t i o n printers chargr.: the drum by applying an ion stream din..'Ctly to it. 10rHiep(l6ition print~ typic-dlly u,'iC a method of fUSing 10000T to p;ipn that is fast and docs no: requ.ire heal. This mt:Ihod leaves the paper a link glossy, }1(M't"\'CI", making it; unsuitable fIX business com..-spondencc. In addi· lion, ion-deposition printc:rs tend to produce thick. sJightly fuzzy ch:lraC::lers. Compare laser printer. LCD printer, LED prinler; !fllf! also ek.'CUOp h o t o g r a p h i c prinl<-'fS. nonimpact printt"'!', page printer. JO.SYS One of tWO hidden system flies insl:alk-d on an MS-DOS startup disk. IO.5YS in IBM releases of l\'IS-OOS (called lBMBIO.COMl contairu devit.-c drivers for JX-' r iphcl'3ls such as thc display. key. boord. floppy- a n d hartl-disk drives..'il.'Tial port, and real-time clock. See (1150 MSDOS.COM. IPC Sl'f! interproc::css t:omrnunit':lliOn. lPl Sloe initial program load. IR See infra r e d . IRG See inl<.'f-rcconi g:ap lRGB Acronym for Intensity Red Grl'~.f1 Blue.:& type ' d color enrodlng originally used in IUM's CoIorI Grdphics Adapccr (CGA) and oontinued in the EGA (Enhanced Graphics Adapll'r) and ve.... (Vkk'o Graphics Array). The sundard }-bit KGB color enc o d i n g (specifying dght colors) is suppleme-nlt'd by 01 fooM bit (called Intensity) tNt umformly inc rc: 3SCS the interuityofthe red, grt"t.'ll, and blu.csign a l s , resulling in a lO(a[ or 16 colors. Set> (llso RGB. (SA Abbrevi:llion for IndUStry Siandard ArchllC<.'"ture. An unofftCf:t1 dl'signalion for the bus dc:'ii~n of [he 111M PClXT, whkh 11laws variOUS ;l(lapll'T'S tll be added to the systl'm by means of Inserting plug. in ClrdS into cxpansiOn slots. Originally introduCl.:d with an 8-bit d:lla path, 1SA was expanded in 196-.\.

when IBM [ntrod
J:lt3 p:lth. Conlf 5lols lhelnselvCl; ~ 16-bit slots. tWO separate ex so Wil :l sing.k' t\n 8-bit exp:lf\S III a 16-hit .s)oc .slots), but a 1 -1 6 in an &bit sIo MChit(.'Cl ure. lSAItt See iOOexI ISDN Ahbr<-'Vi3ti Net\\'OI'k, a WOf work (."VOIving The gool of th pOOne lines, W versionS. witt
t~nsmiS6ton

r

rJnging from music, ;tnd viti types of comn
wh ic h clITiCS C second), and a form:llion at e

ol.ht:r Jevkes
!>imple, st:IOOa. mentcd (passi the ISDN is el more cxtcnsiv ISO Abbreviali

sundardi1.;1tic. tl-'fn:\tion:11 51
1ional :lS5(JO:l whiCh is rl--prt <lqpm:zatkJrll ion;.!.1 Smnd:t The ISO \\'01 co.nmunic:lli, m:\ry among l't.'P' ... ISO/( -d the Inlt'r3C1.il munic:llionS

ISO

9660

,..n

ROM, adopt. for Standardl

196

p arent/child

,II I

5 evenly distrib ~
cont:lin hun, 'Iy independent simulation, for ring each pro . Jjec! Of Process ('f a j..'t wing is act ~ jfit isa with the other air will flow, ;ng.

intosh (.-nmputers_ Information about thc ~'Onfigur:l ti o n oftlw system i!i st~-.d in fXIr:\l!leter RAM See
( 1/.'0 0

e M O::. RAM.

:aneou.s
10

tr.:ms·

ue wil'(."S, With
refers to the standard COn·

- for examp~, mown as the
tr.:tnsmis.~ion;

hat is given to an operation )ya program. nmeter is efb y tJ~ proJrnher, or an hat is passed rs are lJS(.--d as >er:uion. On Ie Directory nctCfS, as in limit the OUt" rather than in dift'(:tory. I5S by value, program or me iSdctCf· that arc as-

parent/child A lerm describing :l rel:llionship hetW<.-e1l prnccsscl' in :1 multitasking (,'rwironmem in which the parent process calls the child proces:. and nlOSt oft... suspends its own Oper.HKm until ," the child process aborts or is compk!t<.-d Also, :I rdalfonship between nodes in a tr<.'C d:Lt!l structure in which the parent is onr step closer to the mol: (that is. is one level higher) th;m the chik:l I)arity The quaJiry of sameness or equivalence. With computers, parity usually refers to an error· checking proce.-durc in which the number of 1'05 must alw:lYS be the same-eithl:revcn or odd - f o r each group of bits trJnsmilted without error. If p.1rity is checked on a pcr-charllctcr basis, Ihe method is Cl1led vertK.'3t redundancy checking, or VRC; if "hccked on :I block-by-block basis, the method is cdk-.d longitudinal redundancy checking, or I.RC. Parity is used for checking data transferred within a computer or between computen;. In typicd modc::m·lO-rnodern microcompul<.'f communications, parity i. one of the paramc1.(.-rs .. that must he agreed upon by sending and receiving parties before transmission Cl.n t:lke pl;lce. T h e foll o w i n g type:; of p-Jrity art' used:

Description
The nllmber of l 's In l'"X.h ~1.Jcn::;sfully trJnsmJllcd.set of bits must be an ('verI number, The nW11bc.-r of 1'5 in each socccssfuJIy lr.ln.Srllilt... set of -"d bits must be an odd nwnber. No p:Lr!ty bit is used. A parity bit i~ used 0L0d is a1WdYS
SClIO O. 1\ parity bit is sc.1. 10 I.

Odd parity

No parity Space parity
M.1rk panly

used and is alW:IYs

he suhstituI f a formal
or function t!ry-backed \pplc Mac·

,

See also parity bit, parity check, parity error. pa r i l y bit An extra bit used in che<:king for- <''fT(lf'S in groups ofcbta bits trarulerred within orbelwccn (.'QmpUlcr systems. With microcomputers, t h e term is fn::qucntly encounteft.:d in modem-ta-modem

miCTOI."Oml)Utl'r ('Ommunications. in which :1 parity bit is often used to check the accuracy with which c ilar.J c t e r s are tr.Jltsmiucd In parity cil(;'cking of Ihis type, the sending computer :Ldds a parity bit to each group of daw bits, cadI of which repre$Cnt~ a single char:lctcr. The setting of the parit)' bil dt--p c n d s on the type of P.1rity lJS(."tI. With en'tl p;lrity, for exaolple, the panly bit is set 10 I w!K.'tlC\'Cr it is n~... --dcd to n1;\kt: the lotal number o f 1'05 (d:l!:l bits plus Jl:lrity bit) an l:vcn numl')l."r, with odd parity. the parity bit is ~t to ! whenever it is 1'Il.c d l·.'d to " m:\k(;' the toul numlx.-r of 1's an ockl numbl.--r. The reeciving device counts Ihe number of "10 in each :lITiyjng grOLlp o f data and parity bits: if the number is odd when it should be (!ven, or vice versa, the dev i c e C' n :lSSUrne th:1I one of the bits W;J.S tl".Insrnitd t<.-"d in(.'OfTectly and that an error occurred. parity c h e c k The lISC of p:lrity to check the ;ICCUrJ('Y oftransmill<.-d data. Si-'e (I/SlJ parity, P:lrity bit_ parity error- A n 1.'tTOI' in parity that indiclIl':S an err o r in lr.:lnsmilted data. See also parity, parity biL par-k To position the read/wrilc head ave.-r a portiOn of :l disk th:tt stores no d:ua (:lI1d there for(' can never be damag<.'<I) or ix.'}'tmd Ihe surface of the disk, prior to shultlng do-.vn the drivc, especially in preparation for moving it. !).Jfking can be pcrfomlCd manu;\l!y, ;IUIOmaticaliy, or (a.~ is typk~L !) by a disk utility progrolm. parse To break input into smal le r c h u n k s SO that a program can act upon the infonnation. Compilers have fXIr5Crs for translating tlte commands :lIld structures entered by a progr:lmmcr intO machine langu:lgtc'. A natur:ll·languagt! parser accepts text in 3. hum!lIl language such as English, 3Uempls 10 dcl e m l i n c its sequencc slnlCture, and transl3.tcs its terms into a form the program ~':ln usc. Dalllb:L">e m:lO;\gcment programs and cXJX--rt systems often support natural-bngU2gc fXIrsing, A user coukl ask such :1 program to (lispkly lhe nw-uionsbip beltVCCll ;'iflillioll alUl iJome bUY;'1I1 in the fast riocadl:', tht: program m ig h t b rc:lk the senlcnce apart :tnd inlerprCt it in the folklWing way:
Presn1l the results as ;! dun. Do a linear rt.:gression a03.lysiS.

100 n ! ku iOTlsl1 ip
bclWI.'fm

259

parti<ion

p.1b

pathnaruc

injILlfimr (lIId

home broyfllR
in lbe UlSI (1~'C(lile

The U'ldepl.'f1d~"fll and depend!.'nl V'J.ri:lbk."i, rcsJx!ct lvc:Jy. Usc dat,. from 1960--89.

Sec also nalUral language. partition A Iosic::llly distinct portion of memory or :I. Slor".Ige device that functions as though it were a

physically

SCpU:lIt" uni l .

The loiS-DOS operating

system, for example, can divide :I. hard disk into a prim.ary partition and an CXll-n<k."Cl DOS partition, each of whk h behaves as if it were physically dist i n c t from the 0I.ru."t. In d:naboise programming. :I. 5Ubsct of a datab a s e ub~ or file. In a horizontal partition. d.lta is separated by rows or reconls, in a relation:ll datab:!se m:lOagt!lncm sysIem, horizontal partitions can usually be cn::lIt:d b.'lSed on prim:lry key lI:ll ues. In a VCftical partition, dala is scparaK'd by columns or fields. Vertical part it ioning (or projccUon of col u m n s ) often occurs during nonn:aiiz:llion of database design. O:I.tabasc flies may be OOriWOUUy Or" VCftically (Xlrlhk>ncd across multiple 00tII.-'S in a distribull-U database. Pasca.I A mncise procedural I:Lngu:lge, des ignt--d 1967-71 by Niklaus Wirth. "·".seal, a compiled, structUR'd langu:lgt:!, built upon ALGOl., $implifies synl a x while: adding data typc5:lnU Struct u r e s such 3.S su/}r:mgt" enunk..TJtcd dala types. files, records. ... :md sets. Accep':mce and usc of ... .L'lCl1 exploded with 8of"1:md International's introductkln in 1984 of Turbo P:tsal, !I. high-speed, low-cost P'.I.SC".l1 comp i l e r for MS-DOS ioYSlcms thaI has sold over a million (."Opic$ in its V'drious vI,·fsioos. En:n so, Pasn I appears to I~ losing ground to C as a sundartl dc:.~k:lprnt.:N bnguilge on microcomputers.. Set! also ALGOl., C. compcled \angu:.lge. pass In J>f08t:lmmlO8. the ClfT}'10j( 001 of one COIllp k ' t e scquerMX of events-for example, one pass through a pr~r:lIl1loop ("WI I II.E x Is !t'S$ than 10, DO this~) or one scan of iI program by iI compiler or an a......... ·fllbk:r (In preparation for L-unvcfting prog r a m inslIuclions into a form Ihe c.:ompuler (';In C:lrry OUI). In :1O()th...-r scn.'iC, 10 forw;utl :t picce of dalil frOlTl 01""" part of a program 10 ;tnodu..'f. See also pass by address, pas.~ by value.

pa.ss by address Also ["'ollie<! pass by reference. A mea n s of pa.'Isi n g nn :ugument or pa ra m e te r 1 a 0 subroutine. The caJlInR routine passes Ihe address (memory locat i o n ) of the parameter 10 the called routine, w h ic h can then use that address to retrieve or modify the Volluc of the pardmt:leT. Compare pass by value; see also argument, call. p:1Ss by refucn c e See pass by address. pass by vaJue A means of passing an al}(UfTl(·t\t Of par-uncte r to a subroutine, A copy o f the value 0( the :lrgumcnt is cn::I1...-d and passed to the called rouli~. When this method is used, the ClJled routil)(' can modify tlx- copy of the argument btJt it cannel modify the original argument. Compare pass by address; see also atgumcm, (:211 password A security measure used to restrict acc e s s to computer sySI ~ms and sensitive files. A passv.'Ofd is a un i q u e string of c h al"3ClI..'fS thai a user typc..>s in as an ~tinc:.llon code. The l>ystem c0mp a r e s the code 2gain.'U a stored Ii~ of authorized p:1S.l>words ... nd users. If the: code is It.-gitimale, the system allov.~ the u.'\t!1" access, al wl\3l(:ver St."Curlty Il.ovt:! ruts beL'fl approv... for the UWIlL'f of the -d p :l.s s WOfd , pas~word protl.<: t i o n The usc o f P:lsswofds as a " means of al l o w i n g only author i1..ed users aa.·l.'S," to a (.·omput ... system or Its flies. >t paste To in.o;en lext or a graphic Ihat Ius been cut Of copied from one doculTlCtlt Into a diffcn,:nt location in thc same or iI different document. Scr also cut and paste. patc h In programming , to repair a defICiency in the functionality of an existing rotJtinc or progr:alll, gt:1"K.'1':lUy in rcspoosc to an unforCSl.'Cn need Of set ol oper:lIing dn' u.ml>u.nct.'S. P:ltching does nel nt"Ce s s a n ly imply sioppiness In Impk!mentlng ;a 5Oul i o n tO:1 problem: Patch i n g is a common means of adding a feature or a funClion 10 an existing \'torsion of a progl"3m untilthc next v(:rsion of the ~tv.~re, which pwsum a bly will h.we tl\31 feature or funct i o n cndlKlcd in ils design, is rclcaSl.--d. Compare

lion, 3S in a d isk. In a u :J t tion of br:afl( ~ruct urc in ' the tree to:u In progn
struCIIOI'IS 3.

routine. In theory urKk path is .. Iogi tree of lnfe. Ic:lding to 11 In fi~ stt the opcr:1tl retrieving fiI fOf" example c l iled ..cce~ unique nurnl
1I.n

open file:

that used by Is the course drive. such a elude any n the maxl m u the syste m (I

In graph
segmerttsOf

tcxt. The iIIl
ooacopyOi

Pmb.
pa~ h

h:ld.:. kludge. path A route from ~ poim to allOl.her. In l'ClllI1'lUnK:3lioo.'I, a path is:a link 1x:I~ tWO noocS{SUt i o n s ) III a nc...-twork. In aher conte.xts, :1 p:nh is 11 rou1e 1hrough :1 structur... collection ()( infonna.,d

of lbe direct

rem

dlf'C<.lOI

pathname \, Ihe file my)

260

IEEE Std 100-1992

The New IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical an~ Electronics Terms
[Including Abstracts of All Current IEEE Standards)

Fifth Edition

Gediminas P. Kurpis. Chair
Christopher J. Booth. Editor

IK
mitu

and t

Mem They oped

"

jed 'V have dard. Us.

Stand
sure,

scope
time f !hmul
users

every <hanfi
that i1 prcsen

have tJ

Com
ested 1 fOr cb!i text, to Intel of port need fa will injreprese that an interesl tees an except i siderati

I

Comn
The Institute orElertrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.. 345 East 47th SlTcel, New York, NY 10017·2394, USA
Copyright e 1993 by the

address

Institute of ~~lcctrical and El~tronics Enginoor$, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 1993 Printed in the United States of America
ISBN }-55937-240-0
No part o(this publil'ation may be reprodm:etl in any {orm. in on electronic. retrieuai system or othtru'W!. witholll fh~ prior written permissioll tI! the pUblisher.

IEEE
and Elf involve not ass obJigati

Jonl/o'!J J 5, 1993

51-115594

4"
fllameat powu lupply (elecuon tube). The means for su p p l y i ng power to Ihe lllament. ~: power pack. [451 AJ..uAent ~It.,e. The voltage between the termina.ls of a filament. St.-.!': electrode volta,e (deClroD tobe ): elecuoo1c: c::.oalroUer_ 11 19 1 flIe ( 1 ) Icompoll..a;, 1,..le. . ). A collection 0{ related records treat ed as a unll. Note: Thus in inventory control. one Itne of an Invoice forms an Item. a complete invoice forms a record. a n d the complete set of such reco r d s forms a flle . 1201. 185] (2 ) (data managemeDt) {.aItWIIre }. A s e t of related records treated as a unU. For example. to s to c k control. a 81 could <'''OllSlst of a set of e invoice records. See also: da.u file; data M:t: lotieaJ die. 610.5· 1 9 9 0 . 6 1 0 . 1 2 - 19 9 0 (SI linformaUoD tran.fu ). Olle named oollccU O n o r d a t a. 949-19B5w {4 1 (mJcroprocessor openlla, I,..tems). A set of related records usually treated as a named urut or storage. 855-1985 flIe accell mode. The type of 3c::c:es5 allowed for a giw:n rue and a given USCl". For example. the rue acccs.s mode for a given file mJght be read· only access for ooe user. and read / wr1.t e accC$S for another. Syn: acce.. type. 6 10 . 5 - 1 9 9 0 81e attribute. A property, feature. or characteri s t i c ofa me. 6 10 . 5 - 1 9 9 0 lUe c.leallup. The remova l of s u p u O u o u s data from B flIe. Syn : Ale tJdyla,. 610.5·1990 8.1e dlt-cctory. tAl A list of flies and their locat i o n s within . computer system, See also; cat& 1 0 , . ( 8 ) A list of the files and their locations on a partIcular storage devtce or volume. 610.5-1990 Ble gap Il} (computiDg .,.tem). An a r e a on a storage medium. such as ta l)C. used to incUcale tbe end 0{ a rue. [201 ( 6 5 1 . t 21 (d a t a mallagemelll). An wlused area on a da ta me-d.lum betwttn the end of one file or group of data a n d the betlnn tng of another fi le or grou p of data. 6 10 . 5 - 19 9 0 flle la,out. The alTatlgernelll and structure of data In a tile. Syn: flle or,anhatiOD. 610.5-1990 flle· l o c k h l . , . See: lock. 610.5-1990 flle ma.l.ateo.a.ace (1) (eomputla,s,..teDl.l). The acttV1ty of kcq>1ng a Hie up to dalr hy adding. changing. 01" delrttng data . (201.1851 t2J (data maDalemeatl. The actIVIty of adding. changing. or deleting data In a Ille as needed. 6 1 0. 5 - 1 9 9 0 6Ie Dame, fAI One o r more characters used to tdcnUC;y II tile . (B) A name associa t e d With a SCI orftle data or output data. 610.5-1990 flle ofjaalntJoD. tAJ See: !!lIe layout. IB) The order of phys ic a l rwords within a fUr that determines the access method to be Implrm e n t e d tn order to use the me. 610.5- 199 0

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!!lIe proc::ellla, (computer appHcatJoD' ). The periodic updating of one or more master lUes to reflect the effects of current data. often from a transaction file . For example, a monthly run upd:ltl n g the Inventory tile. 610.2· 1 9 8 7 610.5 · 1 9 9 0 8Ufono con-caloll. See; uader8.1m corralloD. 8U (l) (computer graphical. To tnsert a color. pattern. or hatch tn to a closed polygon or a r e a bounded by lines o r curves . Syn: ana BU: poinOD flU. 6 10 . 6 - 1 9 9 1 121 (data ma..aa,emeDt). See: cbaraelu BU; flll~ c.haneter; u.T'O ftU.. 610.5-1990 IS) (tokea aeenl method). A hI! sequence; that may be either 0 btts. I bUs. or a ny comblna Uo n thereof. 802.5. 1 9 8 9 flle tidylag. See: fUll' cleanup.

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reglOn. For exam ple. COlor index. Interior & yle . t 6 10 .6 · 1991 fined-core anaWar eODduetor. A conductor composed of a p lu n l l t y of conducltng ~lemcnlS disposed around a nonconducllng supportJng matert.al tha t s u b s t a n ti ally fi l ls the space enclosed by the conducting cleme n ts . See: eODduetor. I to] rmed·.,ltem tbe.rmometcr. An all· m e t a l nSl5embly consl8Ung or a bulb. capUJary tube, and Bourdon tube: IbclJows and dtaphragms are. also used ) containing a tcmpcraturer e s p o n s t v e fill A mcc:hanl~al device; assoctaled with the Bourdon Is dcslgned to provIde an Indicatio n or rc-cQrd of lemperature. Sec: BourdOD . 1 1 9- 1 9 7 4 aUed t.pe. ~'abrlc lape. Ihal has been tho r o u g hly filled with a rubber or synthetic compound. but no t necessarily finlshed on ellher side wHh this compound. St.-e: eoaductor. 110] dUer lauer .trip) (1) (rotatLo. macblaery). Addillonal Insula l l n g material used to Insu r e a light d e p t h -wi s e IIi In !lIe s ial. See; rotor (rotatlDg m a e h l a e r y J: .tator. 19]

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