Lusk v. Virginia Panel Corporation

Filing 163

MEMORANDUM OPINION. Signed by District Judge Michael F. Urbanski on 3/6/2015. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A)(jat)

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he
lw , o s pe ort r i t Lus f l g tm a e a lw f lpos- e ns a e e r a ons I s t
a t us nd e m na e k ot e ii t nd a u
tr i t t m nt e s . n hor ,
w hiebot V PC and Lus a account e f t tpos- e ns at entconduct t i noipar of
l h
k re
abl or hei
tt i t em
, hat s
t
t scas l
hi e. ndeed,i i nott propetr e ofa f alcour t actasa s - rs
ts
he
ol
eder
to
uperpe onnelde t e
patm nt

a s r i e ongoi e pl m e t l tons ps Se D e ar t v.Cor ng l ,133 F. 293,299
nd upe v s
ng m oy nt e a i hi . e l nete
ni nc.
3d
-

( h Ci.1 ) Acor i y, cus t pade' ea hi ha deei ae t apoi whee
4t r 998. c dngl bea e he t srldons p s trottd o
nt r
t rei no lkelhood t t y ca w ork t hera ' ,t cot wilvacat isor of
he s i i
hat he n
oget
gam he ut l
e t der

t ns at enton a pr pectve bass. I lghtoft sdecii t courtdeem si pr
ei t em
os i
i ni
hi
son, he
t opert a d
o wat

Lus sx a éona m ont offontpa fom t da e oft i opi on a a c pa ' g o d rl
k i ddi l
hs r
y t he t
h s ni nd c om npn r e .
111.

Lus aksf at ne s fe , oss a e pe e putua t 29U. C.j261 a()i t
k s or tor y' e s c t, nd x nss s nt o
S.
7()3 n he
a
mount of$31 26 00 f f e a $ 6 04i c t. k' c ms lTi ot Cupp, r e t
s
1, 5. ot e s nd 9,02. n oss Lus s ot e, m hy
a gu s he
r a ona e r t a ia e f a e pl m e lw a t ne i t s d sz c a ofli s il s
e s bl a e ppl bl ot n m oy nt a tor y n hi i ti t nd ls k l i
c

$3 10. ,heraona ert a ia ef a as it att yi $ 5/10<,a t raona e
75/1 t e s bl ae pplc bl or n socae tone s 27 1 nd he e s bl
rt f paae a sr ie i $1 ho . k' c e tquet c
ae or rlg l evc s s 25/ urLus s ounsl e ss ompe ai f 6 . ho sof
nston or 405 ur
wor on t scas whiew ih hi f e 1 fr and an addi
k
hi e l t s orm r aw tm
donal92, hourswhie wih hi cure
3
l t s t nt

lw ft . H e alo s
a tm
s eekscom pe aton f 7. hout and 2 hour ofhi pat ers tm e t pecdvel
ns i or 5
s
s
s m ' i es
y,
and com pe aton f 109. hour f wor done by a 1w fr as oci e on ttscase.Fi ly,Lus
ns i or
6
s or k
a tm s at
li
nal
k

s iscounse shoul be com pens ed f 22. houz ofpar l gals v es Lus cli stz tm e
ubm t
l
d
at oz 1
s
a e er ic . k am l e i
s it i r onabl becaus he couns s d be com pens ed f tm e s
ubm ted s eas
e
e r
el houl
at or i penti t EEO C
n he

1 k ha r c i r l sx m o t ofpa snc he r i t t m e . Alhoug s i c r nty on s pe i t
Lus s e eved ough y L n hs
y i e r ensa e nt t h he s ur e l
us nsons he
c tt de sa t the pa ha c i ue Unde t e cr u sa es t c tbei ve t ta a éona sx
our m r t nds ha r y s ont d.
n
r hes ic m t nc , he our le s ha n ddi l i
m ont off ontpa i a opra e gve t c tsva a i ofr i t t m e .Thet a a ountoff ontpa
hs r
y s ppr i t i n he our' c ton e nsa e nt
ot l m
z
y,

a p o i é go ey a o e ly ntr u hyp rl l t j ysd tr n é n a t ba kp ya di e utbeu d t
p r xma n n e r f mpo me , o g l aal s he ur' ee mia o s o c a n s q i l n e
e
a
tecru tn e.S eCl ev Wa- r So e.n .1 4F.d29, 0 (t Ci. 9 8.
h ic msa c s e i . l t trsI c, 4 3 4 3 7 4h r1 9)
n
Ma

pr
oceedi l lng up t t scas and t cai sundert A D A a FM IA i t s cas s ed a
ng eaci
o hi e,
he l m
he
nd
- n hi e har

c m on c e off c sa l g lt res The e o e t f e s d notbe r d e de pie t f c
om
or
a t nd e a heo i . r f r , he e s houl
e uc d s t he a t
t Lus pt ied on onl one ofhercli s
hat k eval
y
am .

VPC cam s$ 00 i a a quaef ea r f rtlsc s .
li 46, 0 s n de t e wa d o li a e VPC ague t f e s d be
r s he e s houl
t duc d snc Lus onl pr va ld on one ofhe s ve a c a m sa a ns W 3 a t ba k pa a
e e i e k y e i
e
r e t l l i g i t C, nd he c y nd
r ns at e awar ar nots a s antalve ctt Lus s d recoveral ofhetcli ed
ei t em nt
d e
uch ubst i rdi hat k houl
l
am

f Ft her or V PC ques
ees. at m e,
donsLus scouns ' us offbl bilng' and cl m sbl bilng i
k'
els e t ock li '
ai
ock li s
t gene aland uns ii t de er i whatpor
oo
r
pec fc o t m ne
donsofLusk' ator stm ew er de ed t t
s t ney' i
e vot o he

FMlA itree c cam. PC as a srsta $ 7 /1< i t l a h u l rt a dt a t
, ne frn e li ' lo set h t 3 5 1 s oo t n o ty ae n h the
V
0
kh
prvalngc
e i ommuniyrt f t et ofc ssi $ 5t $3
i
t ae or hes ypcs ae s 27 o 00/hourfratm e ofLus s
o to ys
k'
counselsskil I addii ' PC chalengest as i e atom ey' hom l r e on t gr
' l. n
ton,V
l
he socat t
s
y at
he oundst
hat

Lus scouns s d nothave needed t hep ofan as oci e f t scas and t ass at di
k'
el houl
he l
s at or hi e,
he oci e d
ltl m or t pa al lwot and s d be com pens ed a t pa al t e.Thus V' w oul
ite
e han r era
k
houl
at t he r egal at
, PC
d

a us t houryrt f pat t a $ 5 4 asg att of$1 0/hourf t a s it
dj t he l ae or rnes t 287.0/10<, sin .ae
5
or he socae
ator and awar pli f20% ofhe cai ed f beca s pt l on onl one outoffve
t ney,
d andf
rlm
ees
use he evaied
y
i
counts.

A.
The Supr e Cot hasr ed t each pary t al s tm us ordi rl bearis own
em
ut
ul hat
t o aw ui
t na iy
t
ator
t neys'f unl s t e i e esss a ut y aut i i t t contar H ense v.Ecke ha t
ees es het s xpr t t or
horzaton o he
r y.
l
r t,

461U. 424 4 (98 ) Whc sautse prsl a hozz a z ofat ne s fe,tz Fourl
S. , 29 1 3 . n tt e x e sy ut ie wads toz y 'e s le ta
Cicli has adopt t l t m et ofde er i ng r
r zt
ed he odes ar hod
t m ni easonabl a t ne 'f Br ak v.
e t or ys ees. odzi

Run 1 F. 1 1 6( h Ci.998. l sa fg ebe r aïftongprs
yon, 45 3d 94, 9 4t r1 )The odett iur as d t
s
eumpdo 't ti
n' ha t
'
te ee saz aona eat ne ' fe'Mc e v. zr,7 F. 81 88( b Ci.201 )Pedue
f pz snt e s bl toe ys e .' Afe Boc 38 3d , 4t r 39 t
z

v Ke n A. xtlWi n 5 9U.. 4 , 5 (0 0.
. n
e e. n , 5 S 5 2 5 4 2 1 )

8

The l t r fguz i cactl ed by m tli yi t num be oft
odes a i e s l tat
ltpl ng he
r easonabl hoursexpe
e
nded by

araona er t. tt c tmus c i rsvca fco sk
e s bl ae LlThe our t onsde e tl a tr nowna t t
s he yohns Fa t s'n
on cor'i
decdi whatconsitt t r onabl hotr e
i ng
ttzes he eas
e zs xpended and r
easonabl z e f a pa tc arcas
e at or r iul
e.

1 .ct gl h o v Ge ri Hih yEx rs-nc, 8 F.d7 4 7 7 1 (t Ci. 9 4 . e e
d (in o ns n . o ga g wa p es I .4 8 2 1 , 1 -9 5h r 1 7 ) Th s
i
fco sae ()t ef a lbo e p n e ;2 t en v l a ddfiut o t eq sins asd;
a t r t: 1 h i nd a r x e d d () h o et n if ly f h uet rie
me
y
c
o
()t si rq ie t p o typefr telg l e dc srn ee ;4 t eat me so pot rt
3 he kl e utd o r pel to m h e a sr e e d td () h to y' p tuly
l
i
c t i p esn teisa tig t n ()tec so r fef rl ewo k ()teatme s
ossn r sig h n tn l ai ; 5 h u t may e o i r ;6 h to y '
d o
k
e cai a t oute oft ldg don;()t tm el tdonsi e byt cintor
xpe ttons t he st he i a
7 he i i a
mi
mposd he le
crumsa e ;()t a
ic tnc s 8 he mounti c rves a t r ulsobti d;()t e re e rputdon
n onto ry nd he es t ane 9 he xpeinc , e a

a da it o t eatr e ; 1 )teu d s a tt of h c s wi i t elg l o nt i whc
n bly f h to n y (0 h n ei b' y t e ae t n h e a c mmu i n ih
i
r l
i
h
y
t s taos ;(1 t na uea lngt oft pr esona rlto li bewen at ya
he ui r e 1 ) he t r nd e h he ofsi l eainsap t e tome nd

cin ; n (2 atr y 'e sa r i s lrc s s Br d ik 1 5F.da 1 6(u d gEEOC v
l ta d 1 ) tone s fe wadst i a ae . o za , 4 3 t 9 q o n
e
l mi
.
S r eNe Co, 9 F.d9 8 9 5(t Ci.9 0) Afe ac rann terao a l tt a
e dc ws .8 8 2 5 , 6 4. t1 9 ). tr setiig h e s n be ae nd
h
hour expended:t cour m us efubt a f f hour s
s
he
t t fs r ct ees ot
s penton uns
uccess ulcai sunreat t
f lm
l ed o
s
uccessu1ones' t da ar Kom e per nt oft r ai ng am ount dependi on t degree
f
'' hen fw d s
ce age he em ni
,
ng
he

ofs c s e o dbyt pli if' I ( i Robi onv. tia l o.S t .I,,,5 F.d
uc es njye he antf.' d.quotng ns Eqtfx nf evs. TC 60 3
'

2 5 2 3(t Ci. 0 9.
3 , 4 4h t2 0 )
B.

VPC c le e Lus sclultonoft l sa on f g o :()t houryr efr
halng s k' ac ai
he odetr out r unds 1 he l at o
M r Cu a hi pa m e si t li h ba e on t m a ke r t f t t pe ofwoz a
. pp nd s r r s oo zg s d
he z t a e oê hc y
k nd

c mmu iy ()t ho ryrt frMr Cu ' as caei t hg ;3 t eeaesvea e a e o
o nt;2 he u l ae o . pps so it s oo ih () h r r e rl x mpls f
d lc bln 'i tet s esM1 Cu p s b te t s p o t sfea t ; n ()tefe
d o k iig'n h i he t : p u mi d o u p t hi e wad a d 4 h e
b
l
me
.
t
awa s d be r
rd houl
educed bas on t acm a r ulsobt i
ed
he
l es t
aned.

M r Cupp a r t thea hi pa t t ' l a $37 a ho f lbora e oy e
.
ve s ha
nd s rne s bil t 5 n ut or a
nd mpl m nt
m aters V' s ist t pt lng bilng r e f s cas i H ari onbt Vigi ai
t . PC ubm t hat he evaii li at or uch es n
rs ug, r ni s

bewe n $ a $ 0 a hour Thehot yr t i af epei n m us beç onsse wih dhe
t e 275 nd 30 n
.
ul ae n e tdo
t t itnt t t
c
pr lng m at r esi t r e ntcom m uniy f t t ofw ot 7 iw ol M cA f 738 F.
evaii
ket at n he elva
t or he ype
k'' t ved.
ee,
3d

a 91( i Pllrv. t,90 F. 2 277(t Ci.1 ). a ia c nmett tbur n
t quotng e Evat 2 2d 73, 4h r 990)The pplc nt a e ha de
t ough s
hr
uppori ft fdavis ofot l l
tng fafi t
her ocal awyetswho ar f ii bot wih t s lsoft f
e am lar h t he kil he ee
applcant and m or gene l wih t t ofw or i t rel
i s
e
raly t he ype
k n he evantcom m uriy.' I ( i
tt '' i quot
ng
.

Robi on, F.da 245) Uli tl,thec
ns 560 3 t ). tmaey < ommuniyi whiht c tt st'wildeemi
t
t n c he ott is' l tt ne
dt prval make rt. Grsom v. Mil Cop,54 F. 31 321(t Ci. 008 (ii
fhe e ii r t ae' is
ng
'
The ls t 9 3d 3, 4. t 2 ) ctng
h
Rum Cr e Coa S ls I v. et 31F.d 1 ,1 9( . Ci.1 4)
ek l ae nc. Ca ron, 3 69 7 4t t 99 ).
h
H er illghtoft afi vis fom l ye si t H ar ionbut a a s it by V PC,t
e, r i
he fda t r aw r n he
rs
g te ubm ted
he

cour f dst a t onabl r e f experenced em pl entlw ye i t H a ts tg a a t
t m hat eas
e at or
i
oym
a rs n he r ionbtr re o

bei t r ng of$ 5 -$ 0.Gi n M r Cupp' ye r ofe re e t c twilputhi att
n he a e 27 30
ve
.
s a s xpe inc , he our l
m he
t e oft tr ngez Thec tfndst tat t of$ 0 a houra c sf bot M r Cu s
op nd ha a .
our i ha a e 30 n
c ount ot h . pp'
and hi pa t s's t ntale i
s r ner ubs a i xperence i ltgatng e pl entm ater and t i port rol
n ii i m oym
t s
he m
ant e
pl ntf ' couns s
ai ifs
el erve by t ng on t e t
aki
hes ypes ofcas .
es
2.

I herf peddon,Lus as f f f overone hundred hoursofw or bil by an
n
ee
k ks or ees or
k led

a s it a t ne a fla e wih M r Cupp' 1w fr a az t of$27 a hot .VPC c e t
s ocae tor y fl t d t .
i
s a tm t ae
5n z'
r
ontnds he

2Theafda t pr de byLus i s ppor ofahi rfeof$3 wees te byc e fom Rihmonda
fi vis ovi d
kn u t
ghe e
75 r ubmitd ounsl r
c
nd
cha l t s l whih t c tbei ve t be hi rbi i l g lm a ke s M or o , t Gr tEa t m Re o t
rote vil
e, c he our le s o
ghe l ng e a r t .
l
e vet il ea se
sr

Ma e n I .e a. . k Ca l e a, . :1v 0 2 , moa dl Opno , tNo 1 5( bray2 , 0 5,
na me t nc t 1v S be t 1No 51 c 0 1 3 Me tn l
m iin Dk . . 1 Fe ur 5 2 1)
t c trce l a r d fe a t hourytt of$26 i ac
he our e nt wa de e s t he l ae
y
5 n omphc tdc
ae ommeca c s t c e who rce l
ril a e o ouns l
e nt
y
s r e a Pr sde oft Vigi ast t Ba .
e v d s e i nt he r ni a e r

a o Lus s e f t sa s it i unr a ona ea t the bil r t s ll be s ta $1 0
m unt k e ks or hi s ocae s e s bl nd ha r lng ae hozd e t 5
i
f pum os oft f awar
or
es he ee
d.

Fis, hec uta e st t$2 a hot i a e c sver t f ra a s it at ne
rt t ot gr e ha 75 n u s n x esi a e o n socae tor y

prcii i Hars
atcng n rionbur Vig''.S cond,hewor bildbyti as it smpl doe notj df
g, rl a e
m
t
k le
ls socae i y s us y
a

t ferquetd. maort oftetmes bildc it oftmeta l t a fom hetngs
he e e se The j iy l i he le onsss i tvei o nd r
a
ng
ai
and t ti and tm e a t nci t
he ral
i t e lng hose heatngsand t ti . The onl docketent yattbut t t
i
he tal
y
r ti ed o hat
ass at i he notce ofappear
oci e s t i
ance.N otonce di s m ake a gum entbef t scot or e i
d he
t
ore hi ut xam ne
a wines dutng t il W hie undoubt y s wasofsom e as it
t s i ra .
l
edl he
ss ance t M z.Cupp dutng t l e
o
i he at t

sa e o t sl ka o h rassa c d sn tu df a$ 7 h t yfe Th t fr ,heas caes
tg s fhi i d n e sitn e oe o js y 2 5 oul e . e eo e t so it'
t
bil r t wilber duc d t $1 a hou .
li ae l e e o 50 n r
ng
3.

V PC a s c l e Lus sf e r que ton t e gr
lo ha l s k' e e s
eng
l oundst ta sg ic ntpo ton oft ho s
a
ha i ni a
ti
he ur

bildaet oc bie ' ThemaoiyofW C' objc
le t t k l d.
bl
l '
jtt
S e donst t tmehe t aet ti i difc tt
o he i s es r ha t s fiul o
di i s whattm ewass
stnguih
i
penton whatpal a i s orcl m .Bl bilng,a pr
dculr s ue
ni
ock li
acdce dif ed
s avot
by f r cout s conss sofcom bi ng fse alt t t undera sngl ent y,wihout
ede al
ty
it
ni f vet asks oge her
i e t t

s f i t a ountoftm e s
peciyng he m
i penton each par i lnrt k.'SI Cabl LLC v.Coly,Cas N o.
tcll as ' F
e.
e
e

51 c 0 0 8 2 1 W L 4 0 3 , t+4( . Va S p . , 0 4 (i d n o te ) W h z te ei
;1 v 0 4 , 0 4
4 71 0 a
W D. . e t 8 2 1 ) ct o s mitd . ee h r s
a
evi
dence ofim de e docum ent don,t cott m a r
r quat
a
he tt y educe t f a a Kby eiheri
he ee w rd f t dendf tg t
yiz he

s c fcho st a e nots lc e l doc e e orby r d i t ove a lf e a r by a fxe
pe ii ur hat r
ufi i nty um nt d
e uc ng he r l e wa d
l d

pece a e, ., I (iai omitd .
r ntg . 7 d.cttons te )
'
Ther ar s alexam pl ofbl bilng he t w a z aêeducton i t f a d.
e e ever
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if ed ae itdl e iw fnda ' if ee o ee e

11

Schule r def es needed.Clent cons t f alze decar i on
t e
ens
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ul; m i
l aton
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lr he f t o ni
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on w hatpar iul t sk i or t det r i i t tm e s
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4.

VPC a gue t tLus sf c s d be f t .z duc d be a e s pr va l d o on y one of
r s ha
k' e s houl
arhe e e c us he e ie n l
r

he m a y cam s Ac o di t Lus he c m swe es i e tlt d t tar d t i t f ea r
r n li . c r ng o k r bi
t o ntr ea e ha e ucbn n he e wa d
w oul notbe apptoptat Furher ot Lus ar
d
i e. t m e, k guest s t ved a s t ntalbac pay a a
hat he ecei
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k
w rd

wihi ee ta tc i dhe rq tdrme yofri ttme . tr ni whehe t a us a
t ntrs nd e eve r e uese e d
ensae ntDeemi ng t t o dj t
fea t baedont Keulso ane 'rquie at pati t'y tgjrtdi t pli ifftt
e wad s
he f s t bti d,'e rs wo- t nqur:ffis d he antf alo
r
'
pr va l cn m st tw e e unt l t d t t c am son whi h he s c e d?Se ond,d d t pli f
e i on li ha r
e a e o he li
c
uc e de
c
i he andf
achi al ofs
eve evel uccesst m akest houtsr onabl expended a s f ot bass f m aki a
hat
he
eas
y
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ng
f awa ' H ense ,461 U. at434.W her t pl ntf acaevesonl flm ied s
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l
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s, he

ofhout r as bl e pe d on t l i don a a who e tm e a t a ona e houry r t m a bea
s e ona y x nde
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t
s
l i s e s bl
l ae y
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