Apple Computer Inc. v. Burst.com, Inc.

Filing 74

Declaration of Nicholas Brown filed byApple Computer Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit Exhibit A Part 1# 2 Exhibit Exhibit A Part 2# 3 Exhibit Exhibit A Part 3# 4 Exhibit Exhibit A Part 4# 5 Exhibit Exhibit B Part 1# 6 Exhibit Exhibit B Part# 7 Exhibit Exhibit B Part 3# 8 Exhibit Exhibit B Part 4)(Brown, Nicholas) (Filed on 12/9/2006)

Apple Computer Inc. v. Burst.com, Inc.

Doc. 74 Att. 1

Case 3:06-cv-00019-MHP

United Sta$es P a a t
LanQ

Document 74-2
[191

[I 11
[45]

Filed 12/09/2006 Page 1 of 30 Patent N u m b e r e 4,963,995 Date of Patent: Oct. 16, 1990
360/9.1 360/33.1 360A4.1 358/335 360/33.1 3sa/133 360/115

1541 AUDIOA'IDEO TRANSCEIVER APPARATUS INCLUDING COMPRESSION

MEANS

4,563,710 VI986 Baldwin ............................... 4,625,080 I1/1986 Scott ..................................

[75] Inventor: [73] Assignee:

Richard A. h , g Cave Creek, Ariz.

Ariz.

Explore Technology, Inc, Scottsdale,

4,774,574 9/1988 ~ a l et al. .......................... y 4,851,931 7/1989 Parker et al. .......................

4,698,664 10/1987 Nichols .............................. 4,750,034 6/1988 Lem .................................... 4,768.1 10 8/1988 Dunlap et al. .....................

[21] Appl. NO.: 2$9,776

Primaly Examiner-Robert L. Richardson Attoney, Agent, or Firm-William E. Hein

[22] Filed:

[SI] Int. CI.5 ............................................... HWN 5/76 358/335; 358/133; [52] US. CI. ....................................
[58] ~561

Dec. 2 , 1988 7

W I

ABSTRACT

3 W 8 ; 360/9.1; 360A4.1 Field of Search ................... 360/9.1, 55, 13, 14.1, 3 W 8 ; 358/335,903,901,133
References Cited

4,179,709 12/1979 Workman ............................ 4,446,490 5/1984 Hoshimi ................................ 4,516,156 5/198S Fabris et al.
4,511,934

U.S.PATENT DOCUMENTS
4/1985

Ohira

..................................... ..........................

358/133 360/13
360/55

An improved video recorder/transmitter with expanded functionality, including a capability for editing and/or copying from one video tape to another using only a single tape deck. The increased functionality is realized through the use of analog to digital conversion, signal compression and intermediate storage in an integrated circuit, random access memory. The recorder/transmitter has capabilities to transmit and receive program information in either a compressed or decomie. pressed format over fiber optic l n s
80 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets
4

358/85

APBU-00000001
Dockets.Justia.com

Case 3:06-cv-00019-MHP

U.S. Patent

oct. 16,1990

Document 74-2

Filed 12/09/2006

Sheet 1 of 2

4,963,995

Page 2 of 30

APBU-00000002

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CAMERA INPUT

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MODULATOR CONVERTER

Case 3:06-cv-00019-MHP

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RF OUT

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Document 74-2

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AUX. DIGITAL INPUT

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Filed 12/09/2006

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CONTROLLER

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TRANS I REC INIOUT

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Page 3 of 30

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Case 3:06-cv-00019-MHP

Document 74-2

It is, therefore, an object of the present invention to provide an improved audiohide0 recorder for use in conjunction with an ordinary home television set. Another object of the invention is to provide in such BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 5 an improved audiohide0 recorder a capability for transferring a previously recorded program from one The video cassette recorder (VCR) added signifihas magnetic tape or other storage medium to another. cantly to the usefulness of the home television set. ImA further object of the invention is to provide such a portant or exceptionally good programs may be recapability for transferring a recorded audiohide0 procorded to be viewed again. Programs appearing at times 10 gram without resort to the use of two magnetic tape that are inconvenient for viewing may be recorded for decks, t k being a cumbersome, limited, and expensive playback at a better time. Recorded movies or other approach already proposed in the prior art. materials, educational or entertaining, may be rented or A still further object of the invention is to provide an effective and efficient means for intermediate storage of borrowed for viewing at home. (As used in the remainn der of this specification, the term "program" encom- 15 the audiohide0 program i digital memory as a means for achieving the transfer of the audiohide0 program passes movies and other types of video materials, from one tape or storage medium to another. whether broadcast from a TV station or another A still further object of the invention is to provide in source.) such an improved audiohide0 recorder a capability for The tvpical VCR has its own tuner-receiver and a

1

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AUDIOMDEO TRANSCEIVER APPARATUS INCLUDING COMPRESSION MEANS

video input signals and for conve&g the analog input from one channel while the television set is being emsignals to digital form when appropriate. ployed to view a program on another channel. ProA still further object of the invention is to provide in grams are recorded on magnetic tape. The tape is then such an improved audiohide0 recorder a capability for played back and viewed on the television set. Features 25 editing the video input signals without the necessity of commonly included in the VCR are capabilities for using multiple cassettes or recording media. advancing the tape forward or backward at a high A still further object of the invention is to provide an speed, stopping motion at any frame to hold the image, improved audio/video recorder for connection to varior simply playing back the recording at normal speed. ous signal sources including a TV RF tuner, video camDesirable features that are not normally available in a 30 era, video line input, and direct audiohide0 digital VCR are capabilities for copying recorded programs s input from sources as diverse a a fiber optic input line from one tape or alternative storage medium to a similar or a computer. or dissimilar storage medium, editing recorded proA still further object of the invention is to provide an grams and high speed recording. Another desirable but improved audiobide0 recorder having a capability for currently unavailable feature is the capability for high 35 mixing live audiohideo programs with either analog or speed, high quality transmission and reception by optidigital audiohide0 input signals from another source. cal fiber using the VCR. A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved audiohide0 recorder for simultaneously DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART playing, viewing, recording and/or mixing digital and US. Pat. No. 4,768,110 incorporated herein by refer- 40 analog audiohide0 programs from different digital and analog audiohide0 sources or storage media. ence, describes a VCR having two tape decks included A still further object of the invention is to provide an therein. The purpose for the inclusion of two decks improved audiohide0 recorder which maximizes a rather than the usual single tape deck is to permit the given storage capacity, through the use of a data comsimultaneous viewing of a live RF-modulated TV signal or prerecorded material while recording another live 45 pression technique. A still further object of the invention is to provide an RF-modulated TV signal and to also allow the copying audiohideo recorder utilizing a data compression techof material from a fust magnetic cassette tape onto a nique for efficient storage, transmission, and reception second magnetic cassette tape without the use of a secof a digitized audiohide0 program over telephone lines ond VCR. Viewing of the recorded material during the copying process is also possible in this arrangement. A 50 or by other external digital means such as satellite transmission or reception. major disadvantage is that the incorporation of the A still further object of the invention is to provide in second tape deck is expensive and limited to magnetic such an improved audio/video recorder a capability for tape, and furthermore, t i prior art does not allow for hs delivering output signals in different forms or formats the transmission or reception of recorded material over 55 including a standard RF modulated output signal for optical fibers or the high speed reception or transmisviewing on a television set, a digital output signal for sion of audiohide0 material in a digital format. An viewing on a high-resolution monitor, and audio output additional disadvantge is the inability for random access signals for a speaker system. editing of the audiohide0 signal. Furthermore, the A still further object of this invention is to provide an additional mechanical structure adds significantlyto the 60 improved audiohideo recorder which provides for overall dimension of the equipment and increases the random access to any given segment of a self-stored prospects of mechanical failures. audio/video program so that the desired segment may be accessed and viewed without the time-consuming SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION delays normally involved in fast-forward or fast-reverse In accordance with the invention, an improved audi- 65 searching procedures employed in present state-of-theo/video reorder is provided with added features and art VCR's. functions which significantlyenhance its usefulness and A still further object of the invention is to provide an improved audio/video recorder which provides convefunctionality.

APBU-00000004

nience in the editing of stored data by virtue of its ranfrom the disc. Data, in this case, is permanently redom access memory capability. corded; it may neither be erased nor written over. A further description of this technology can be found in A still further object of the invention is to provide an the November 1988 issue of The Electronic System De.mproved audio-video recorder which has the potential for enhanced audio and video quality by virtue of its 5 sign magazine (ESD) page 55-56. capability for digital audiohide0 output and digital A second and preferred type of optical disc to be used in AVRU 11 is an erasable optical disc. This disc has full Ntering techniques. read/write/erase capabilities. With this disc, AVRU 11 Further objects and advantages of the invention will has the same record/playback capabilities as a convenbecome apparent as the following description proceeds, and the features of novelty which characterize the in- 10 tional VCR. As an example, erasable optical discs are used in Steven Jobs' "Next" machine as described in vention will be pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specificaInfoworld, Volume 10, issue 42, pages 51 and 93, Oct. 17, 1988. In addition. the digital format and the random tion. access capabilities of the erasable disc (and of the CDBRIEF DESCRIPT1oN OF THE 15 ROM and WORM) provide additional benefits as will The present invention may be more readily described be discussed in a later part of this specification. A key element of VCR-ET 10, which is responsible with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: for its improved functionality, is the video control unit FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the housing of the or VCU 12. The VCU comprises an analog to digital audio/video recorder disclosed and embodying the 20 converter (ADC) 24, a digital to analog converter invention; (DAC) 25, a compressor/decompressor 26, a controller FIG. 1A is an enlarged view of the circled area of 27, a central processing unit (CPU)28 and a random FIG. 1 and ; access memory (RAM.) 29. VCU 12, using these eleFIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the audio/vments, accomplishesthe digitization and compression of ideo recorder of FIG. 1. 25 analog signals as well as the reverse process in which DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED the compressed digital signals are decompressed and EMBODIMENT converted back to analog signals. Referring to the drawing by characters of reference, As a first step in the processing of the composite FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an improved audiobide0 revideo signals within VCU 12, the sync signals are decorder transmitter-editor 10 (the "VCR-ET") compris- 30 coded to isolate signals for each picture frame for proing an audiohide0 recording unit (AVRU) 11, a video cessing. control unit (VCU) 12, memory 13, digital control unit The video signals defining each frame may then be converted to a red analog signal, a green analog signal, (DCU) 14,video line or camera input line 15, TV RF tuner 16, auxiliary digital input port 17, fiber optic inand a blue analog signal i a conventional manner. The n put/output port 18, RF modulator 19, RGB converter 35 red, green and blue analog signals are then converted to digital form by the analog to digital converter (ADC) with syncronizer 21, and an audiohide0 transmitter/receiver 22 with keypad 45, all in a common housing. 24. The frame is divided into a set of closely positioned rows and columns of picture elements or "pixels." Each The audiohide0 recording unit AVRU 11 may be a video cassette recorder similar to a conventional VCR pixel has a color defined by a set of three digital values in which the storage media 23 is a magnetic tape. Alter- 40 defining strength of the primary color components, red, natively AVRU 11 may operate with other types of green and blue (RGB) respectively. In one embodiment, storage media including, but not limited to, other mageach frame is divided into an array of 300 by 300 pixels, netic tape formats. AVRU 11 has all the functions of the with the color and luminance of each pixel being detypical VCR including record, play, rewind, slow mofined by a seven bit word for the red component, a tion, fast-forward and single frame hold. 45 seven bit word for the blue component, and a seven bit An alternate form of storage media for use in AVRU word for the green component. These words are gener11 is the CD-ROM, which is a disk using a derivative of ated by ADC 24. glass or plastic in conjunction with an aluminum or If each frame includes 90,OOO pixels (300X 300), and each pixel is defined by 21 bits ( bits per primary 7 other metallic coating. Audio and video signals are stored in the form of irregularities in the aluminum 50 color), the digital representation of a single video frame coated surface and are read using a low power laser. In utilizes a sizable block of digital information (k., 1.89 this case, the user would not be able to store or write megabits/frame) which must be processed very rapidly. into the CD-ROM but would be able to play discs that (Approximately 30 frames/second are received from have been recorded and distributed commercially. The AVRU 11.) Fortunately the analog to digital converstorage of video and audio signals on the CD-ROM is in 55 sion of these signals may be accomplished at the desired digital form which is readily accommodated by the speed using commercially available analog to digital converter integrated circuits. The analog to digital convideo recorder of this invention. Instead of using a CD-ROM, VCR-ET 10 can verter 24 (ADC) is a high-speed, high-accuracy, A to D "flash" converter available as a single IC (integrated achieve both record and play capabilities by using optical discs as media 23. Such optical discs are similar to a 60 cirucit). Several different types of such A/D converters CD-ROM and use a variable power laser to read from are available from Burr-Brown, one of which is the or write on the disc. ADC 600. A first type of optical disc may comprise a WORM Compression of the digital data defining a video (Write Once Read Many) optical disc. T i device has hs frame and the reverse process (decompression) are acthe unique capability of writing on the disc perma- 65 complished by compressor/decompressor 26. Various nently. A laser is used to bum a pit in the media or to algorithms may be employed in the compression prochange the magnetic or optical properties of the media. cess which enable the representation of a series of numA lower-powered laser is then used to read the data bers by a reduced number of digits. As an example,

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APBU-00000005

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pressed o r decompressed signals from VCU 12 directly compression algorithms like CCITT Group I V may be to the AVRU 11 in an uncorrected time based mode. used. Existing compression algorithms, l i e CCITT DAC 25 provides the inverse of the function perGroup IV, are available on a single integrated circuit. formed by A / D converter 24.DAC 25 is a high-speed, One example of an appropriate compression/decompression circuit on a single integrated circuit is the 5 high accuracy digital to analog converter. An example of such a converter is the Burr-Brown DACM3 digital to AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) 7971. The 7971 is analog converter. described in the Am7971A data sheet, published by Different types of memory technologies are adaptAMD in 1988, and incorporated herein by reference. able for use in memory 13. As mentioned earlier, In one optional embodiment, to further reduce the amount of memory required to store a program the 10 DRAM and SRAM semiconductor memories are commonly used for applications of this type and are readily compression algorithm can simply record data correavailable. sponding to only those pixels which change color from One type of random access memory is CMOS (Comone frame to the next. This results i considerable memc plimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor). The CMOS ory space savings, since not all pixels change color each frame. Basing calculation upon 10% of the pixels chang- 15 memory has the advantage of a relatively low power requirement and is readily adaptable for use of battery ing from one frame to the next, it is estimated that membackup for semi-permanent data storage. Another type ory requirements using this technique are cut by about of memory is the above mentioned optical disc memo90%. It is also estimated that on the average, the ries. CCITT Group IV algorithm can cut memory requirements by another 95%. Thus, if no data compression 20 Emerging memory technologies may also prove advantageous with capabilities for mass data storage in technique is used, it would take approximately 51.03 even smaller physical dimensions. gigabytes to store a 2 hour movie, but using the above Digital Control Unit @CU) 14 comprises a CPU compression techniques, it is estimated that memory 13 (Central Processor Unit) 31, a ROM (Read Only Memwill require only 250 megabytes. Controller 27 handles timing and aids in the commu- 25 ory) 32 and a controller 32. DCU 14 is responsible for all of the digital editing processes. Through the use of nication between the different elements of VCU 12,and DCU 14,video segments may be edited and rearranged. between VCU 12,AVRU 11 and memory 13. Thus, one may use DCU 14 to rearrange the scenes in a IR one embodiment, the audio portion of the program movie, alter the movie sound track, etc. is periodically sampled and digitized by digital to analog conversion In one embodiment, this is done at a 30 In addition, a program may be edited, one frame at a time, by changing the contrast, brightness, sharpness, sample rate of 88,000/second, one byte per sample, to colors, etc. (Alteration of the contrast, brightness, yield CD quality sound. The sampling rate could be sharpness and colors can be automated as well.) Images dropped to reduce memory requirements. Also, the could be rotated, scaled (Le., made larger or smaller), audio data can be compressed with conventional algorithms, e.& a Fibonacci delta compression algorithm. 35 etc. In addition, pixel by pixel editing can be accomplished by DCU 14, e.g., in a manner similar to the PC The process of converting either from analog to digipaint program. Similar editing features can be incorpotl or from digital to analog requires memory for intera mediate storage. Random Access Memory(RAM) 29 rated for the audio portion of each program. In one serve in this capacity. For this purpose either a DRAM embodiment, a display suckas a flat panel video display Dynamic RAM) or a S R A M (static RAM) may be 40 (not shown) is built into the VCR-ET. A user interface control panel of DCU 14 allows a user to select a deemployed. An example of a DRAM is the TI (Texas sued frame number from a menu on the display The Instruments) TMX4C1024; an example of a SRAM is VCR-ET then displays a strip of frames (including sevthe INMOS IMS-1203. RAM 29 should have sufficient eral frames before and after the selected frame). The capacity to store at least two full uncompressed frames 45 user can delete frames in a strip, select a point where (e.g., about 472 KB). other frames are to be inserted into the program, or The CPU (Central Processing Unit) 28 is a microenhance different frames. A light pen or mouse ca be processor which controls the digitization process of used to select individual frames in a strip. VCU 12. CPU 28 works with controller 27 to control Instead of incorporating a flat display into VCR-ET and communicate with the other elements of the VCU. There are numerous commercially available micro- 50 10, in another embodiment, a television coupled to output lead 42 of R F modulator 19 can be used during processors that are appropriate for this application. The editing. Intel 80286, Intel 80386, Motorola 68020, and Motorola CPU 31 is a microprocessor of the type described in 68030 are examples. A more complete description of the connection with the CPU 28 of VCU 12. Controller 33 microprocessors can be found in the Oct. 27, 1988 issue of Electronic Design News (EDN), pages 23 1 and 242, or 55 is a integrated circuit which handles the timing and aids in communication between DCU 14 and memory 13. in the applicable data sheets. ROM 32 holds the necessary step-by-step editing proController 27, CPU 28 and RAM 29 serve in the same grams which are installed at the factory. A currently manner during the reverse processes, Le., decompresavailable example of a suitable ROM for this application sion and digital to analog conversion. Decompression is first accomplished in compressor/decompressor 26. 60 is the Texas Instruments part TMS47256. CPU 31 and controller 33 together control the editing process as The decompressed digital signal is then converted to an analog signal by digital to analog converter P A C ) 24 they execute the programs stored in ROM 32. The VCU 12, memory 13 and DCU 14 communicate (assuming its destination requires an analog form). In with each other via a high speed data bus 34.The high the course of converting the decompressed signals from the VCU 12 for use by the AVRU 11 the signals are 65 speed data bus is required in order to meet bandwidth requirements. Examples of suitable data bus devices are synchronized by the time base generator (TBG) or Motorola's VME bus, Intel's Multibus and the Optobuss corrector 48. TBG 48 can be by passed by a shunt (U.S. Pat. No. 4,732,446). switch 48' for the purpose of transmitting either com-

APBU-00000006

A video line or camera input line 15 is provided to enable VCR-ET 10 to receive an input signal from a source such as a television camera, a conventional VCR, a television tuner, or another VCR, etc. The signals received at input line 15 are typically carried by 5 a coaxial cable and are in the form of a standard television composite signal. As used throughout this specification, the words "standard television composite signal" or its acronym STCS shall be read to mean any one of the following: NTSC, PAL, SECAM, HDTV, or 10 any American or European broadcast signal standards. An NTSC composite signal is defined as the analog signal that carries the chrominance (color), luminance (brightness), synchronization (timing) and audio signals that make up the video signals received an displayed by 15 television and video cassette recorders. These four components are combined into one signal by modulating the components in different ways. (Amplitude modulation and phase modulation are examples.) The standard video line signal is such a composite signal and may be 20 received at input line 15 from one of the above-mentioned sources. TV R F tuner input port 16 also supplies a composite signal as described in regard to video input line 15. The difference is that this signal is received from an antenna 25 or cable T V coaxial cable. To receive such a signal, tuner 16 is capable of being set or tuned to receive the desired carrier frequency or television channel. Selector switch 35 is provided to select either video input line 15 or TV RF tuner 16 as an input signal 30 source to AVRU 11. Auxiliary digital input port 17 is employed to receive any acceptable digital signal such as computergenerated video signal or as may be supplied by another VCR-ET. This signal, for example, may be an RGB 35 video signal such as that delivered to computer monitors, or it may be a digitized audio signal. (As mentioned above, an RGB signal is a signal which communicates the strength of the red, green and blue color components for the pixels that make up each video frame.) 40 Switch 36 selects whether the digital video/audio input signal is chosen from auxiliary digital input port 17. Switch 36 supplies the selected signal to high speed data bus 34 which carries the signals in digital form. Fiber optic port 18 incorporates a fiber optic tran- 45 sceiverheceiver. Port 18 has a capability for transforming fiber optic (light) signals to electrical signals or for transforming electrical signals to fiber optic signals. Port 18 thus provides a capability for two-way communication between high speed data bus 34 and a fiber 50 optic signal line. The incorporation of fiber optic port 18 in the VCR-ET provides a capability for receiving audio/video signals from or delivering audiohide0 signals to the fiber optic line such as a fiber optic telephone line. The fiber optic line carries digital signals in 55 the form of light waves over great distances with a high degree of accuracy and reliability and at a high speed (e&, about 200 megabytes/second). The VCR-ET can receive a video program at an accelerated rate via fiber optic port 18,e.g., from a variety of sources. For exam- 60 ple-a video program may be communicated at an accelerated rate from the first VCR-ET to a second VCR-ET in less time than it would take to view the program. Thus, it is not necessary to access the optical fiber for long periods of time to transmit a long video 65 program. It is also envisioned that in the future, a video library may be established which downloads video programs at

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Document 74-2 4,963,995

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an accelerated rate via optical fibers to a subscriber's VCR-ET. Switch 37 is provided to select connection to the fiber optic input/output port 18.An OFF or open position is provided. The selected signal is delivered to or supplied from high speed data bus 34. Analog output signals from AVRU 11 are delivered to the common terminal 38 of a selector switch 39. When set to position A, switch 39 delivers the output signal of AVRU 11 directly to a video output line 4 as 1 a standard STCS composite signal; when set to position B switch 39 delivers the output of VRU 11 to the input of RF modulator 19. Modulator 19 converts the video signal to an RF-modulated composite signal for delivery to such devices as televisions and conventional VCR's. These types of devices play back the video program on a particular frequency channel (such as channel 4) on the television. Delivery to the television or VCR is via RF output line 42. Digital output signals from VCR-ET 10 may be dispatched from high speed data bus 34 via line 43 to input leads of RGB converter 21 and audio-video transmitter/receiver 22. RGB converter 21 converts the STCS signal into an RGB signal as required by computer monitors and similar display devices. The converted signal is received by a display device connected to RGB converter output line 4 . 4 VCR-ET 10 includes audiohide0 transmitter/receiver 22 which is typically a modem. Advantageously, the modem may be used to communicate an audiohide0 program over conventional phone lines in a manner similar to that described above with respect to optical fibers. The term modem is derived directly from its functionality as a modulator-demodulator which allows transfer of the audio/video signal over the standard telephone line. Modems are commonly available for computers and are currently available in the form of a single integrated circuit. As an example, Sierra Semiconductor offers a 2400 baud single chip modem under its part number SCIl1006. Representative manufacturers of these single modem I ' can be found in the Apr. Cs 1 , 1988 issue of Engineering Design News (EDN), 4 pages 124-125. Some of these single modem IC`s have the added capability of generating the tones for dialing a phone number. The destination phone number ma be entered by means of an optional keyboardheypad 45 incorporated in the video recorder 10 of the invention. Output port 46 of transmitter/receiver 22 connects directly to the telephone line. (It is noted that the band width of a conventional phone liie is at present much narrower than the signal band width of an optical fiber, and thus the data transmission rate on telephone lines is much slower than the transmission rate for an optical fiber. Accordingly, the time required to communicate a video program over a conventional phone line may exceed the time it takes to view the program.) The application and utilization of the VCR-ET ma include a number of forms or operating modes. In its first and simplest operating mode, AVRU 11 may be operated in the manner of a conventional VCR with signals from an antenna being received by tuner 16 and recorded directly on media 23 in analog form. At the same time the received program may be viewed on the television screen with the television connected at video output terminal 41.An optional signal source for this type of operation is the video line or camera input line 15 selectable by switch 35.

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APBU-00000007

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,

In a second operating mode a program stored on media 23 of AVRU 11 may be played back and viewed on the connected television set. When it is desired to copy a program from one recording media to another, the recording media holding 5 the desired program is installed in the AVRU. The recording media is then played back with optional viewing on a connected television set o other T V monitor or listening through speakers (as appropriate). As the recording media i s played back, the analog signals 10 from the recording media (video and/or audio) are dispatched to VCU l2 via connection 47. The analog signals are converted to digital signals by ADC 2 , 4 compressed by compressor/decompressor 26 and the compressed digital signals are stored in memory 13.The l5 foregoing operations are accomplished under the control of controller 27 and CPU 2 .RAM 29 is used for 8 interim data storage during this process. Once the complete video/audio program has been stored in memory 13,the recording media from which the stored program 2o has just been read is replaced by blank recording media upon which the stored program is to be copied. CPU 28 in cooperation with controller 27 and RAM 29 then executes the decompression and digital to analog conversion of the program stored in memory 13, decom- 25 pression taking place in compressor/decompressor 26, and digital to analog conversion being accomplished by DAC 25. The resulting analog program is stored on the blank recording media which constitutes media 23 of 3o AVRU 11. During the foregoing copying procedures, DCU 14 may be utilized for editing operations. As the program is being read from the first or original recording media, it is simultaneously viewed on the TV screen, or lis- 35 tened to by means of an audio monitor, converted to digital signals, compressed and stored i memory 13. n Once the digital audio/video program is stored in memory 13, editing is accomplished by the user through control of DCU 14, by means of a control panel (not 40 shown) coupled to DCU 14. If desired, additional audio/video signals may be simultaneously entered into memory 13 and added to those received from VCU 12. The additional signals ma be introduced from auxiliary digital input port 17 or from fiber optic input/output 45 port 18 and may comprise video captions for superimposed position upon the stored video images, or they may be audio commentaries to be added to silent video presentations. In addition, as mentioned above, the order in which various segments appear in the video 50 programs ma be altered. Certain undesired segments, such as TV commercials, may be removed. This editing operation is accomplished under the control of DCU 14. In still another operating mode a program stored in 55 media 23 of AVRU 11 or being received by AVRU 11 from input line 15 (as from a video camera) may be digitized and compressed by VCU 12 and routed via bus 34, to memory 13. The data from memory 13 is then routed to line 43, transmitter/receiver 22 and to a tele- 60 phone line. At the other end of the telephone lime the signals received are processed by another VCR-ET. As indicated above, conventional nonoptical telephone lines do not typically support high data transmission rates at the present time. Accordingly, even compressed 65 data may require more time to transmit over conventional phone lines than it would take to view the actual video program.

Once received in the second VCR-ET'S memory 13, the digitized program ca then either be viewed directly from memory or transferred to storage medium 23, either in its entirety or in random segments, based on user preference. In the case of video camera input at input 15 the transmitted signals may comprise a live transmission. Alternatively the transmitted program may be derived from a program stored on media 23 of AVRU 11.In this case the stored analog program is again decoded, digitized, compressed and transmitted via bus 34 to memory 13. The data in memory 13 is then communicated via h e 43 and transmitter/receiver 22 to telephone limes. It follows, of course, that digitized video and audio signals from the remote VCR-ET at the far end of the telephone line may be received at line 46,entered into memory 13 via transmittedreceiver 22, converted to analog signals by VCU l ,and recorded on media 23 2 and then viewed, if desired, on a television set connected at output 41. As mentioned earlier, when any of the foregoing operations entail the processing of unmodulated video signals, such signals must fust be processed by RF modulator 19 before they can be accepted by devices such as a conventional VCR or television set; when the monitoring means is a computer monitor or a similar display device the signals are processed by RGB converter,21. All of the foregoing operations are performed with enhanced quality and efficiency by virtue of the digital, rather than analog, storage and transmission modes and the compressed data storage mechanism, with additional advantages of improved cost and reliability afforded in the case of tape to tape (or other media to media) program transfers by virtue of the requirement for only a single tape deck or other storage device. All of the foregoing operations, to the extent they relate to the editing, playback, reception and/or transmission of video signals are also analogous to the VCRET'Scapabilities with regard to analog or digital signals containing only audio material. An improved audio/video recorder with significantly expanded functional capabilities is thus provided in accordance with the stated objects of the invention and although but a single embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended claim. For example, the VCR-ET can be constructed so as to be portable. Thus, it could be camed to a location along with a video camera where it is desired to record a program, and then taken to another location where it is used to edit the program. Other modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the a t in light r of the present specification. What is claimed is: 1 An audio/video transceiver apparatus comprising: . input means for receiving audio/visual source information: compression means, coupled to said input means, for compressing said audio/video source information into a time compressed representation thereof having an associated time period that is shorter than a time period associated with a real time representation of said audiohide0 source information; random access storage means, coupled to said compression means, for storing the time compressed

APBU-00000008

representation of said audiohide0 source information; and output means, coupled to said random access storage means, for receiving the time compressed audio/video Source information stored in said random ac- 5 cess storage means for transmission away from said audiohide0 transceiver apparatus. 2. & audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising editing means, coupled to said random access storage means, for editing the time com- 10 pressed representation of said audio/video source information stored in said random access storage means and for restoring the edited time compressed representation of said audio/video information said random access storage means; and wherein said output means is 15 operative for receiving the edited time representation of said audio/video Source information stored in said random storage for transmiss audio/video transceiver apparatus. sion away from 3. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 2 2o further comprising monitor for enabling the to selectively identify the time compressed represenbtion of said audio/video information stored in said random during editing. 25 4. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 1 wherein said output means comprises a fiber optic output port for coupling said audiohide0 transceiver apparatus to a fiber optic transmission line. 5' An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in 30 wherein said comprises a modem for pling said audiohide0 transceiver apparatus to a telephone transmission line. 6. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim wherein said random access storage means comprises 35 an optical disc. 7 An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 1 . wherein said random access storage means comprises a semiconductor memory. An audio/video transceiver apparatus in claim 1 40 wherein: said audiohide0 source information comprises analog audiohide0 source information; said audiohide0 transceiver apparatus further comprisa analog to digital converter means for con- 45 verting said analog audiohide0 source information to corresponding digital audiohide0 source information; said compression means is operative for compressing said corresponding digital audiohide0 source in- 50 formation into a digital time compressed representation thereof having an associated time period that is shorter than a time period associated with a real time representation of said digital audiohide0 source information; and 55 said random access storage means is operative for storing said digital time compressed representation of said corresponding digital audio/video source information. 9. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 1 60 wherein: said audiohide0 source information comprises digtal audiohidm source information; said compression means is operative for compressing said digital audiohide0 source information into a 65 digital time compressed representation thereof having an associated time period that is shorter than a time period associated with a real time repre-

Case 3:06-cv-00019-MHP 11

Document 74-2 4,963,995

sentation of said digital audio/video source information; and said random access storage means is operative for storing said digital time compressed representation of said digital audiohide0 source information; 10. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 8 wherein said input means is coupled to an external television camera and said andog audiohide0 source information COmpriSeS hfOrmatiOIl received from said external television camera. 11. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in Claim 8 wherein said input means is coupled to an external analog video tape recorder and said analog audio/video source information comprises information received from said %'3ernal analog video tape recorder. 12. An audiobide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim wherein said input is coup1ed to an external television RF tuner and said analog audiohide0 source information comprises information received from said RF tunerexternal 13. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim wherein said 'put comprises RF tuner means coupled to an external television antenna and said analog audio/video source information comprises information transmitted by a remotely located television 14. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim wherein said input comprises television RF tuner means coupled to an external cable television system and said analog audio/video Source information comprises information received from said external cable television system. 15. An audio/video transceiver apparats is in claim 9 where,, said input is coupled to an external computer and said digital audio/video information comprises computer-generated audiohide0 information. 1 . audio/video transevier apparatus as in claim 9 6 wherein said input means comprises a fiber optic inpyt port coupled to a fiber optic transmission line and said digital audiohide0 source information comprises information received Over said fiber optic transmission line. 1 . An audio/video transceiver apparatus compris7

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ing: mput means for receiving audiohide0 source information as a time compressed representation

thereof, said time compressed representation of said audio/video source information being received over an associated burst time period that is shorter than a real t h e period associated with said audiohide0 source information; random access storage means, coupled to said input means, for storing the time compressed representation of said audio/video source information received by said input means;and output means, coupled to said random access storage means, for receiving the time compressed representation of said audiohide0 source information stored in said random access storage means for transmission away from said audio/video transceiver apparatus. 18. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 17 wherein: said input means compris7esa fiber optic input port; said input means is coupled, via a fiber optic transmission line, to a video library, said video library storing a multiplicity of items of audiohide0 source information in said time compressed representation

APBU-00000009

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for selective retrieval, in said associated burst time period over said fiber optic transmission line, by the uyr. 19. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 17 in combination with a video library, coupled via a communication link with said audio/video transceiver apparatus, said video library storing a multiplicity of items of audiohide0 source information in said time compressed representation for selective retrieval, in said associated burst time period over said communication l i d . 20. An audiohideo transceiver apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising: decompression means, coupled to said random access storage means, for selectively decompressing said time compressed representation of said audio/video source information stored in said random access storage means; and editing means, coupled to said random access storage means and decompression means, for editing said selectively decompressed time compressed representation of said audiohide0 source information, and for storing said edited selectively decompressed time compressed representation of said audio/video source information in said random access storage means. 21. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising: decompression means, coupled to said random access storage means, for selectively decompressing said time compressed representation of said audiohideo source information stored in said random access storage means; and editing means, coupled to said random access storage means an decompression means, for editing said selectively decompressed time compressed representation of said audiohide0 source information; wherein said compression means is operative for recompressing the edited selectively decompressed time compressed representation of said audio/video source information; and wherein said random access storage means is operative for storing the recompressed selectively decompressed time compressed representation of said audiohideo source information. 22. An audiohideo transceiver apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising: decompression means, coupled to said random access storage means, for selectively decompressing the time compressed representation of said audio/video source information stored in said random access storage means; and monitor means for enabling the user to view the selectively decompressed time compressed representation of said audiohide0 source information. ' 2.An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 3 8 further comprising: decompression means, coupled to said random access storage means, for selectively decompressing the digital time compressed representation of said corresponding digital audiohide0 source information stored in said random access storage means; and editing means, coupled to said random access storage means and decompression means, for editing the decompressed digital time compressed reuresentation oi said cokesponding digital audio/video source information and for then storing the edited decompressed digital time compressed representa-

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tion of said corresponding digital audiohide0 source information in said random access storage means. 24. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 23 further comprising monitor means for enabling the user to selectively view the decompressed digital time compressed representation of said corresponding digital audiohide0 source information during editing. 25. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 8 further comprising: decompression means, coupled to said random access storage means, for selectively decompressing the digital time compressed representation of said corresponding digital audio/video source information stored in said random access storage means; and monitor means, coupled to said decompression means, for enabling the user to selectively view the decompressed digital time compressed representation of said corresponding digital audiohide0 source information. 26. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 9 further comprising: decompression means, coupled to said random access storage means, for selectively decompressing the digital time compressed representation of said digital audiohide0 source information stored in said random access memory means; and editing means, coupled to said random access storage means and decompression means, for editing the decompressed digital time compressed representation of said digital audiohide0 source information; said random access storage means thereafter being operative for storing the edited decompressed digital time compressed representation of said digital audiohide0 source information in said random access storage means. 27. An audiobide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 26 further comprising monitor means for enabling the user to selectively view the decompressed digital time compressed representation of said digital audiobide0 source information during editing. 28. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 9 further comprising: decompression means, coupled to said random access storage means, for selectively decompressing the digital time compressed representation of said digital audio/video source information stored in said random access memory means; and monitor means, coupled to said decompression means, for enabling the user to selectively view the decompressed digital time compressed representation of said digital audio/video source information. 29. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 8 further comprising a video tape recorder for providing said analog audio/video source information. 30. An audio/video information transfer network comprising: a plurality of audio/video transceivers, coupled via one or more communication links, each of said audiohide0 transceivers comprising; input means for receiving audiobide0 source information; compression means, coupled to said input means, for compressing said audiohide0 source information into a time compressed rewesentation thereof having an associated burst time period that is shorter ih than a time period associated w t a real time representation of said audiohide0 source information;

APBU-00000010

Case 3:06-cv-00019-MHP

Document 74-2

video tape recorder and said removable recording merandom access storage means, coupled to said comdium comprises magnetic tape. pression means, for storing the time compressed 4 . An audiohide0 information transfer network as 0 representation of said audiohidm source informain claim 36 wherein said recording means comprises a tion; and output means, coupled to said random access storage 5 write once read many (WORM) optical disc drive and said removable recording medium comprises one or means and to one of said one or more communicamore WORM discs. tions links, for receiving the time compressed for41. An audiohide0 information transfer network as mat representation of said audiohide0 source inin claim 37 wherein said recording means comprises a formation stored in said random access storage means for transmission in said burst time period to 10 write once read many (WORM) optical disc drive and said removable recording medium comprises one or another one of said plurality of audiohide0 transmore WORM discs. ceivers. 42. An audiohide0 information transfer network as 31. An audio/video information transfer network as in claim 36 wherein said recording means comprises an in claim 30 wherein said input means of one of said plurality of audio/video transceivers comprises a fiber l5 erasable optical disc drive and said hard copy storage medium comprises one or more erasable optical discs. optic input port, said output means of another one of 43. An audio/video information transfer network as said plurality of audio/video transceivers comprises a in claim 37 wherein said recording means comprises an fiber optic output port, and one of said one or more erasable optical disc drive and said hard copy storage communications l i i comprises a fiber optic transmisza medium comprises one or more erasable optical discs. sion line coupled between said fiber optic input port and 44. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim said fiber optic output port. 1 further comprising recording means, including a re32. An audiobide0 information transfer network as movable recording medium coupled to said random in claim 30 wherein said output means of one of said access storage means, for storing the time compressed plurality of audiohide0 transceivers comprises a 25 representation of said audiohide0 source information modem and one of said one or more communications stored in said random access storage means onto said links comprises a telephone transmission line. removable recording medium. 33. An audio/video information transfer network as 45. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim in claim 30 wherein said random access storage means 2 further comprising recording means, including a recomprises an optical disc memory. 30 movable, recording medium, coupled to said random 3 .An audiohide0 information transfer network as 4 access storage means, for storing the edited time comin claim 30 wherein said random access storage means pressed representation of said audiohide0 source inforcomprises a semiconductor memory. mation stored in said random access storage means onto 35. An audiohide0 information transfer network as said removable recording medium. in claim 30 wherein said random access storage means 35 46. An audiohide0 transceiver apparats as in claim of one of said plurality of audio/video transceivers 45 further comprising monitor means for enabling the stores a library comprising a multiplicity of items of user to selectively view the time compressed represenaudiohide0 source information in said time compressed tation of said audiohide0 source information stored on representation for selective transmission in said associsaid removable recording medium. ated burst time period to another on of said audiohide0 40 47. An audiohideo transceiver apparatus as in claim transceivers. 17 further comprising recording means, including a 36. An audiohide0 information transfer network as removable recording medium, coupled to said random in claim 30 wherein at least one of said audiohidm access storage means, for storing the time compressed transceivers further comprises recording means, includrepresentation of said audiohidm source information ing a removable recording medium, coupled to said 45 stored in said random access storage means onto said random access storage means, for storing the time comremovable recording medium. pressed representation of said audio/video source infor48. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim mation stored in said random access storage means onto 2 further comprising recording means, including a resaid removable recording medium. movable recording medium, coupled to said random 37. An audiohide0 information transfer network as 50 access storage means, for storing the edited decemin claim 30 wherein at least one of said audiohide0 pressed time compressed representation of said auditransceivers further comprises: o/video source information stored in said random acdecompression means, coupled to said random access cess storage means. storage means, for decompressing the time com49. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim presed representation of said audiolvideo source 55 1 further comprising: information stored in said random access Storage decompression means, coupled to said random access means; and storage means, for selectively decompressing the recording means, including a removable recording time compressed representation of said audio/vmedium coupled to said decompression means, for ideo source information stored in said random acstoring the decompressed time compressed format 60 cess storage means; and representation of said audiohide0 source informarecording means, including a removable recording tion onto said removable recording medium. medium, coupled to said decompression means, for 38. An audiohide0 information transfer network as storing the selectively decompressed tome comin claim 36 wherein said recording means comprises a pressed representation of said audiohide0 source video tape recorder and said removable recording me- 65 information stored in said random access `storage dium comprises magnetic tape. means. 39. An audiohide0 information transfer network as 50. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim in claim 37 wherein said recording means comprises a 22 further comprising:

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a

APBU-00000011

Case 3:06-cv-00019-MHP

recording means, including a removable recording medium, coupled to said decompression means, for storing the selectively decompressed tome compressed representation of said audiohide0 source information on said hard copy storage medium; and 5 wherein said monitor means is operative for enabling the user to view the selectively decompressed time compressed representation of said audiohide0 source information stored on said removable recording medium. 10 51. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 9 further comprising CD-ROM means for providing said digital audio/video souxe information. 52. An audio/video transceiver apparats as in claim 9 Further comprising erasable optical disc means for pro. 15 viding said digital audiohide0 source information. 53. An audiohideo transceiver apparatus as in claim 17 wherein: said input means comprises television RF tuner 20 means; and said audiohide0 source information comprises a time compressed representation thereof transmitted by a remotely located television transmitter. 54. An audiO/video transceiver apparatus as in 25 1 further comprising external video tape recorder means, coupled to said output means, for storing the time compressed representation of said audiohide0 source information stored in said random access storage means onto magnetic tape. 30 55. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 2 further comprising external video tape recorder means, coupled to said output means, for storing the edited time compressed representation of said audio/video source information stored in said random access 35 storage means onto magnetic tape. 56. An audiohideo transceiver apparatus as in claim 17 further comprising external video tape recorder means, coupled to said output means, for storing the time compressed representation of said audiohide0 40 source information stored in said random access storage means onto magnetic tape. 57. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 52 further comprising external video tape recorder means, coupled to said ou\Put means, for Storing the 45 edited decompressed time compressed representation of said audiobide0 source information stored in said random access storage means onto magnetic tape. 58. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus aS in Claim 1 further comprising: 50 decompression means, coupled to said random access storage means, for selectively decompressing the time compressed representation of said audiolvideo source information stored in said random access storage means; and 55 external video tape recorder means, coupled to said output means, for storing the selectively decornpressed time compressed representation of said audiohide0 source information stored in said random access storage means. 60 59. An audiohideo transceiver apparatus as in claim 22 further comprising external video tape recorder means, coupled to said output means, for storing the selectively decompressed time compressed representation of said audio/video source information onto mag- 65 netic tape. 60. An audiobide0 transceiver apparatus comprising:

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input means for receiving analog and/or digital audio/video source information; analog to digital converter means for converting analog audiohide0 source information received at said input means to corresponding digital audiohideo source information; digital to analog converter m a n s for converting digital audiohideo source information received at said input means to corresponding analog audio/video information; compressor/decompressor means for compressing digital audiohide0 source information received at said input means or said corresponding digital audio/video source information received from said analog to digital converter into a time compressed representation of said digital or corresponding digital audio/video source information, said time compressed representation having an associated time period that is shorter than a time period associated with a real time representation of said digital or corresponding digital audiohide0 source information, said compressor/decompressor means being further operative for decompressing said time compressed representation into a dereal he representation of said digital or corresponding digital audiohide0 source information; central processing unit for controlling operation of said compressor/decompressor means; random access storage means for storing said time compressed representation of said digital or corresponding digital audiobide0 source information and for storing said decompressed real time representation of said digital or corresponding digital audio/video source infomation; controller means for enabling communication between said compressor/decompressor means, said central processing unit means, and said random access memory means; and for receiving said tirne compressed output representation of said digital or Corresponding digital audiohideo source information stored in said random access storage means for transmission away from said audiohide0 transceiver apparatus. 61. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 60 further comprising time bas generator means for supplying timing information for association with said time compressed representation of said digital or correspending digital audio/video Source information. 62. An audiobide0 transceiver apparatus as i claim n 60 further comprising au&o/video recording means, including a recording medium, for recording said analog or corresponding aqalog audiohide0 source information onto said recording medium. 63. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 60 further comprising audio/video recording means, including a recording medium, for recording said digital or corresponding digital audiohide0 source information onto said recording medium. 64.An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 62 wherein said recording medium comprises magnetic tape. 65. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 63 wherein said recording medium comprises magnetic tape. 66. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 63 wherein said recording medium comprises a CD-

ROM.

APBU-00000012

Case 3:06-cv-00019-MHP

optical disc. 68. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 63 wherein said recording medium comprises an erasable optical disc. 69.An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 60 further comprising audio/video recording and playfor providing back coup~ed.to=id input said analog and/or digital audio/video idormation. 70. An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 60 fuaher comprising high speed bus meanscoupled to said input means, and wherein said input means comprises auxiliary digital input means for receiving said digital audio/video source information. 71. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 70 wherein said high speed bus comprises an optical bus. 72. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 60 further c o m p s b high speed bus means coupled to and wherein said input meanS said input prises fiber optic input means for receiving said digital audiobide0 source information. 73. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 60 further comprising high speed bus means, and wherein said andog to digital converter meas, digital to analog converter means, compressor/decompressor means, central Processing unit means, and controller means are coupled to said random access storage meam via said high speed bus means. 74. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 60 further comprising: digital control unit means, said digital control Unit means comprising: additional central processing unit means; read-only memory means coupled to said additional central processing unit means for storing microinstructions defining a plurality of selected editing functions; and

67.An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 63 wherein said recording medium comprises a WORM

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additional controller means for enabling communication between said additional central processing unit means and said read-only memory means; said additional central processing unit means being Operative for SekCtiVely executing the microinstructions stored i said read-only memory means n to perform one or more of said plurality of selected editing functions. 75.An audiobide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 74 wherein said digital control unit means is coupled to said random access storage means. 76.An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim for 'Onfurther comprising RGR converter verting information stored in said random access storage means to an RGB format, and wherein said output means comprises RGB output means for receiving RGB format information from said RGB converter means. 77.An audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 73 wherein said output means comprises audio/video transmitter/receiver means coupled to said high speed bus for receiving said the compressed representation of said d i g i d or corresponding digital audio/video Source information stored in said random access storage means for away from said audio/video transceiver apparatus. 78. audio/video transceiver apparatus as in claim 77 wherein said audio/video transmitter/receiver means comprises a modem for coupling to a telephone transmission line. 79.An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 77 wherein said audio/video trWmitter/receiver means comprises a fiber optic transceiver for coupling to a fiber optic transmission line. 80. An audiohide0 transceiver apparatus as in claim 1 further comprising editing means, coupled to said random access storage means, for