BOLD u'b>
P l ~ c e Name 19 khe page title. s Heading one is wdttut in the style of defined by heading one. BOLD is wrfltmkl bald.
End of pa,ngr;lphmarker. (Insertsa rehlrn) Include the picture a n h e g i f This ir a hypertext jump to p a g e l h t d
cn href ="pageZhtml"> Page h u o J ~
Thus a sample HTblL page would be coded as: Online HT?vlL page A slmplc K M L page Ce / , This is a cb> simple clb> demonstration on how to write an KTML page.
Press ca hmf="p~g&htmi">here4~ continue to or (iihreh"home.html"r herecla> to return to the home page.
files should be in the same directorv as the current page, unless the full URL is used. To give the file path: for instance. pa&htmi's URL m y be htt.j://w,ueLacuk/on)int/pageZhtml. The URL l~ one of the most important id- on the Internet as Itprovides a unique merhanism for refemng to MYdccument or service on the Internet
?his will b6 translated into a more user friendly form by a WWW dient (e.g. Mosaic) (Finue2 . 1 Thls pege has two links,one to page2bmtl and a second to homehtmL Thee M e r
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M M L provide no a priori support for questionnaires,but it does provide the perfect h h s t r u To produce an HRVIL queS&mnaise rentice. the control of the sew= has to ~ be changed so that the server takes the role of the master. lnnavfgatorusk,MeWWWwviarwor~onthefamiliarconarptofadient(eg.Mosaic) requestinga server for B partktdar page, and the server's only function is to execute this serticeThe dient in this (nwmaI) scenario can be seen as the htigatox and controller of the procus.WSth out hmvaMve approach, m d to d3reci that the user completes our e r
queskt6nnatre,the roles are reversed as the server must effectively take over-control ?heWWW is currentlydesigned tosupporta f o ot controlfmmifte~dient h e sewer. lw to Therefore, to operatain a questionndue-likemode can only be achieved by monitoring the *'ient's requ-ts and manipulating the replies back to.the client This is done i such a way n to fora the dent onty to ba able to answer the questions.The options available to the -emhave to be embeddedln to the reply to the last question We have implemented this by using a simple file namfng system, a d an additional n program to the H I V D server whtch can deal with these changes. In normal use, Mosaic processes the avent "fggued by the wer to call a new & ? $ I dccument by virtue of its
URLWhentheuserghtasaresponsetaaqwestlononeofo~quesMo~d-en~, Mcs~cthenrcspondstotheeventbyQUingourbespoke~rogamtogetherwithamntext control variable. Ihe function 06 this besgoke p m is ta:
save te response to a partinrlar datafiie; h
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dedhce the branching required to fkther questions or lr~truction~.
?he Mtial.URLis hap://~.uelsc.uk/cgi-bin/questio~ Thb has no varkble and thustheprogramdeducesthatthe ndenthasjuststarted,bd thereforesends t h e h t questioh~process*ocreatesan~penrthedestinaHonddtaAleforthewern?sponsea. Thus, If the Fmt question ir:
Question I
Are you planning to ittead Online 1994? Yes
No then the foUowing will be the source of the KIML page sent badtb the client:
< P '
< P ' ' p c
uil h r e h " h t ~ J / ~ . u c l a ~ ~ a ~ b ~ ~ u ~ t i o n c h ~ ~ ~ l O 0 7 . ~ l ~ > Y ~ ~~
ca kefPYhttp.Jlwmv.uel.aGu~c$b~qu~ tion?TZI?.1?13.MM11007.W1">No wadd place tfre online Information 94 logo at the top of each page, as shewn in our example (Figure2). Th&questionnairecanbetypedfntoanywordpcesscrortwt editorwhichcan produce ASCII text fils.An example file is shown below:
'XeadaP Online Danonrhtion *Fwtu'byDavid Gee utdPeterWooUI;uns
-Put" A two question questionnaire to demrutntc this questionn&eystem. I hope you enjoy using ttsryatun ii
*Quss' What gender you 1 'Am' Male
'Quts'
*An$*Female
How old zreyou 7
'Am' lfas than 25
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When the respondents call the Questionnaire they will be presented with the Arst page, and on answering a question or selecting a new page the server will deduce which paga should be sentnext and record any answers.The respondents only ever see the h,yperte.a vfew of the example (Figure 3).
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4. Question fpnnats and user interfaces
M s i i currmtiy the oac s modt pcpular g~~uhical-based and IscurrentIy the only one t support " Lforms. dient o M Itrequi~Mme6Rnofgraphicailrserinlt.*ac%e~.X-Wuldows,MSWindows,Amigaor Mac OS M r diats such as Lynx and CERNS WWW can use character-bascd systems e such BZ W terminals and MSDOS. This produces two t y p of systems: Type 1, the O O charader-biued: and Type 2, GUI-based. The Type 2 GUI systems can read all of the text-based Type1 pages. QuertioMake ~ysnms Type I svskms allow for texkbased multi-=hde questions, on withonlyaaingfequcst+onperpage.&e totheAniCnatureofmulti~oin!qugtions,thP/ arevxsiqle toanalyseusingcomputerisedkhniquer"IhisAniteiimiIlmitationmmpUmtes gene questionsw~ertabiishthebad;groundofaraspanden~Wehavenowprexluced a general set of queatlone which allow the user 0 s e k t their background via a set of Merarchlcalmenus. One o thee seh mn-a f structured Ust of wexy county and parah of every wumry in thewodd: thia allows respondenk accurately to pinpoint their piam of birth or airrent location. As a loation d e i produced, autonomous computerbed s 6tatisHcal analysis Is made available. To produce a fast svstem there should be only one questionper page, and thenumber of answersshouldbe mkmised as each answerrequires more processing of the Mosaic dlent. MostofthdnewerTyeeZsystmu the abilitfeso aType 1 system witkthe additional have f features ofmultiplequestionsperpage,imagemaps,andtheindusion of thespedaltoolsets contained i H M L forms (Figure 4). These allow the CONtruLhOn of gtaphical hk, n
As stated above, the WWW servers can be read by various dents,
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multiple &&on &xes and buttons, which can be used for scalar questforis, multiple selection bo= or to enhanut multi-choice quertians. One of the most important tools of " I forms is the text box'which supports the ability to ask open-ended quesstious.Text M. boxes do nbt currently assist i autonomous uomputerired analysis, as the system has to n be able to pane and understand the entry typed t the textbox Even i a spedlrccontext o n this is very c o m p l and-huzher resesrch needs-tq be undertakeq i this fidd ~ n
F&um 4: A Type 2 questionnaire slrowing.thc onriaus lwlsets pmoidal b Mmaic Fonns. y
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One of the more viiuaIh hoceaiing elemmk of J. T p 2 svStem i the imagemap. Tnis allow respon2enn to s e i i Gore3 of B $?;re. A simkle e&,mFl.mcie wouid 5e to d&!ay a ~ p i e r e of an oifice and (0 ask respondents to selec: where thev would like to sit. Rerpondents can then answer the question by moving :he m o w and hcking on the ictura in the required I d o n . This sends the server the x,y coordinate on the imm mmfthe lwtion Mbe deduced. Unfortunately, imngemips ?lacs B heavy netwa&ng load on &e sfstem
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to tcxt.based multiple choice questions,and should only be used where really
5. Conclusions
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m e lntemet mntinues b enjoy an expla~hre w t h in interest and new usezs The p hnavative sppmachdewibed herein provides a wpful law-cost method of acquting markettesearchdata&omapotentialof25(pius)~onusers. t q u i r e s thempandents i to have no spedal software.These days virtually P machines comead to the Internet have Mosalc The very few that do not have some form of text+& viewer. c a ~ d nspondents QR be athacted. As Mosaic/WWW is an Internet browser Pis highly k l y that with the correct signpds, questionnslre responserpte would behigh. The aeXiSty of usbg the in-ljuilt form bob can pmduce an lnhlihve and 8esth-y pl.intufacewithmlourandmul~~aobjects.Ihe~ qucstionnaherlbemadeQlwk like a s m d d Mosaic page and thus exploit the advantages of the respmdents'pundamdingof Mosaic Assuggesred,thequestionnaire serveranbe adapted to use vari~w algorithmaorz\rtifidalMelli@neep mstOmnsh'UctarupondaudrivencontextualLed qmtionnake dynxnican h x t e feedback to the respondent aKdtfre questionn a k h a s been mmpleted also be offered.'Ibis can be used BS the mativatorforthe rerpondmt ts answer the questionnaire.Administration is very low aa the systein is automaticOur current system can generate graph and perform statistical analysis automaticalty an the datz Using hdcmsoft's OLE technology. it Is pcssible to pmduce Irving papers which update theit statistics and graphs dynamcally
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