Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. et al v. RDR Books et al

Filing 39

DECLARATION of Emily Blumsack in Support re: 22 MOTION for Preliminary Injunction.. Document filed by Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc., J. K. Rowling. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit A, # 2 Exhibit B (1 of 3), # 3 Exhibit B (2 of 3), # 4 Exhibit B (3 of 3), # 5 Exhibit C, # 6 Exhibit D, # 7 Exhibit E, # 8 Exhibit F (1 of 3), # 9 Exhibit F (2 of 3), # 10 Exhibit F (3 of 3), # 11 Exhibit G, # 12 Exhibit H, # 13 Exhibit I)(Cendali, Dale)

Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. et al v. RDR Books et al

Doc. 39 Att. 9

Exhibit F Part 2 of 3

Dockets.Justia.com

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xploríng Har yotter

bY C^^a ^ et^ D. 5^^^^e^

CONTENTS

Editor's I^^t^oductio^ ..................

. - - - - ... 1

How Parents Can Use the Saurcebnak ............... 2 How Teachers Cam Use she Sáu^ceØk .............. 3 How Student Readers Can Use tl^e Sourcebonk ........ 3 How ^.íbrarians Ca^^ Use the S^urceb^ak ............. 4 How ResearcF^e^s Cam Use the Sóurcebaok . , ^ .......... 4 Author's Intraduction ...... ^ ........ .............. 5

Welcome to Harry's World ......... _ .......... _ ... 5 Purpose and Organization of the Sourceboak .......... 7

SECTI N I: BEG^VNINGS . . . . - - - - - · - - - . . . . . . 11
^A^s^^^^ 1: Pc-E^A^^ ...................... ^ 2 Har^'sAppeal ..............................13

Sales, P^ízes, a^d Fame .......................... 14 Harry írß ^"ra^slaió^ ........................... 1`6

Merchandise .................................19 Marry i^x the Newspaper and on Scree^^ ............. 19 Harry's Detractgrs ...... . .......^...... ^ ..:..... 20 The Whíáread Prize Controversy ................. 2l Reaåí^g for Researd^ . .......................... 2I Interriet R^s^urces ..................... . ....... 22 C^iÅP'^^R 2: ^N7^^^P'RTATNF BICK;RAPHX

©^ ,^, K ØW1.,TNG ............................ 23 Early ^.ife .................................... 24

Car,r Nrs

CQN ^ N s

Early Career ......................... . . . ...... ^G Harry's Begi^ni^g . .. . .. . .. . .... . .............. 2^^ I~índíng a Publisher .. ........................... 29 Harry's Success ....... , ... , ... ..... . . . ....... ^O Harry Encouraging Reading Skills . . ................ 32 Objectío^s to Harry Potter and Ttawlíng's Response .... 33 R^wlíng's Creative Process .. . ... ........... . ..... 34 Her Personal Life Today ........ - - · . . . . . . ........ 36 vocabulary ...... ............................37 Reading for Research ........................... 38 Internet Resources ....................... . ... . 38

Welcar^ e to Hogwa ^s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Li^e at Hogwarts ....._.. . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . 76 1-lag varCS's Rar^s a^d Ai'chitecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7ó O.^ Hngw:.rts's Grou^ds . . - - - - - - - ---. . . . . . $0 Near Hogwa^s :..............................$2

Hogsmeade .. .....................:.......·82 The 5hr^ek^^g 5hacl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^. . . . . $3 The Tu^^els . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
L^^do ^ Setú ^ gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Har ^ÿs Two Worlds - - - . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Unusual and U^seen Setti^gs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $$ C1^IAPI'^RJ: SCHOOL I TFE ... . ....... . . .......... 90 SthØlDays,...--· ...........................91 ........ 92 Ragworts House Membership ...... _ ... Making the Grade ............................ 94 The Currículux^ ^ .........:................... 95 Preparing for School , .. - - · - - · . . ................ 97 Between Classes ..... ^ ............ . ............ 99 Outside o£ Class :................... ^ ...:....101 Reading for Research .......:..................102 Internet Resources ............................ 102

SECTION IIi ^FADIl^G H^#RRY .............. 39
C^^r^^ 3: C^^x^^.c^^.a^s a^^^ T^^^ØS ........... 40 Tlxe Cas^ .................... .^.... ........ 41 Harty versus ^older^ort ... . ........ . . . .......... 42 Harry'sØlyLífe .............................. 44 Harry the Hero . .............................. 45 Harry's Heroic Trar^sformatíon .................... 47 Harm; - Ron and Hermione: The Wizardly Trio .. , ..... S1 The Dursleys ..................... . ........... 55 Harry's Teachers aid tl^e Significance af Their Names ... 56 Harry's Peers . ................................. G1 Øult Wizards . . . . ................... . ........ 64 Magícai Animals and Creatures .............. . . . . . C7 Ghosts, Plants, and Personified Props ............... G9 ^©Ø6ulary ..... .............................. 71
CI-iAIY^ER 4: SETTING ........................... 72 Landscape aid Dísta^ce ...... , ..... ..:........ 73

C ^^>^^ ^: Foos ............................104 Nourishing Thoughts ..........................105 Reading for Research .. . . . . . . . . . . ..............107 Internet Sources . . . . . .........................108 7. S^ oØrs ......................:....109 Tl^e Sporting Lífe .... . .......................110 Mount Xour Brooms .... . ... . ... . ............. 111

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Team Spirit ... . .............................113 O^ the Sidelines .................... . ........113 Reaåín^g for Rcsea^ch .......................... ^ 14 Internet Sources .............................114

^HA^'ER 8: GEGØHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 Geograph.ícal Overview of tie British Is1es . . . . . . . . , , 117 E^ gland..._... .. .........................118 Scotland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . ^ . . 12fl Wa1es, Ireland, Eur^pe, a^d Pnints $ey^nd . . . _ - _ . _ - . 123 Reading for Researd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . : . . . . . . . . . . 125 l^ tem et 1Zesources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 C^arr 9: Mvr^-o.oGV, LGØS, E^^^^ FØV TAL..ES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 Fa tasy F^arew^rk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 flattérns and Matïfs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129 The Mytlology Game: Can You Find Where Har^y Came Fr^m? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 ClassiØ Myl^o1og . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 í Br^ tisl Legcnds ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Faíry Taíes ................................142 Mtltácal O6}ects, Beasts, and Cerem^níe . . . . . . . . i'45 Analysis of the Mytholagical Allusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 P^ tter ^1s Myrh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . ^ . 14G 1'otter as Legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 1'otter as Fairy Ta1e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15fl MythiØ Objeçts, Beasts, and Ceremonies . . . . . . . . 153 lnterpreØtíans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 156

Readi^g fnr Research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . í 57 I terne Øaurces . ^ . . . . . . . . . . ^ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
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CHAPTER "^ ^

HA^tRy'S A1'f'^AL
^ eparters have re^erred to the plxenoxne^ aå pu6líc reaian a the Harry Porter series as "Patterzx^a^ia" and "Patterísm." The books appeal to bath male anal female readers ín different age groups, cultures, geographí^ areas, ar^d entire countries. The novels have been incorporated into popular cultu^e through use of terms such as^ "Haggle" ar^d "Quídditch" and by references. to characters and plóts on telev^sío^ shows and írß cartoons. lïte^áry critics, book reviewers, educátors, ar^d librarians have speculated why the novels have attracted such a broad and diverse group of fates. Arthur fevir^^e, Rowling's Amerí^án publisl^^er, says he likes Harrÿs humanity and imagination. He emph.asi^.es that people carp identify with Harry's initial sense ©^ hopelessness ín $ook T and then rel ief when he is rescued by Hagrid a^^d learns that he ïs special. Host réa^ders feel err^pawered by vicariously experie^cing Harry's adventures in which he gains control over hímseif and his surroundings. Children consider Harry them friend because he reminds rhe r of themselves. Harry ïs not perfect,

POTT^RM^ NIA
"Can you imagine what thut^eds dike t^ get out of a
cur, and think ^ormud book sígní^g, and there's a tha^and people ^utsíde screaming ut you. It is amazing. » J.K. Ror^^t.^^vG

expe^íences unfair treatment, and has both friends and enemies. Readers ad^t^ire his resourcefulness in resolving problems. Some readers have admired tó ac}^íevï^g a goal, such as mastering a ^nusiØ ï^tstru^^ent, based an Harry's example of persistence and determination. Others have said they wished t}^ey had" magical powers because they would be empowered ró defend themselves against bullies.

^

`You Øñ t have t óur^ ^aoks to destroy á udture. Jr^s^ get people t^ stop reading them. » -Rx B ^ ^^^^^^ .

Readers are enchanted by the different elements of 1`a.^^^as^, mystery, suspense, and horror mixed írß with the realíszr^ of o^dï-

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iiARRY POï'T R

nab school everts at Hogwa^rs. They know that the books usually have happy ud^^gs aid that Harry reØ^es conflicts with dïg^ ìty, refusing to cheat an schoolwork or defeating his Quiddttch foes wïtl^ deceitful ac^io^s. Harms represurs who the readers wish they were. The books' details a^d Harry's characterì^atio^ enable readers to Feel ímme^sed ìn the story, almost like a drearr^ so^^e people explain, and fic^io^ally ì^teract with the protago^is^.

ers, í^cludíng cl^ildre^, are choósí^g ro purchase hardcover editíons instead ^f paperbacks because they plate o^ cólleetíng the senes a^d saving ^^ for the future. Whew Bnok.Ill wás released ín Grew Britain, the publisher askéd stares rá ^o^ sell the book until English schools were closed for tl^c Øy ^ preve^^ trua^^. Adults and chíld^e^ páced ^^ antícipatinn for. the app^ïnted time. Reparters. camparéd the frenzy to crowds farming. o^ docks and. waiting för ships carryí^g Cha gles Dickens' novels. Prior to clte release day, a few stares dramatized tl^e ·upcamí^g evént by dísplayi^g Bask ^l in a guarded cage or cl^aíníng i^ ín the front wïndow Some stores hosted parties ^o çelebrate she boob's debut, and "Spot Harry" contests ì^volved .fans lookí^g far actors áressed like Harry. Ánother publicity event involved a steam engine designed like the Hogwa^ts Express beì^g dítsplayed a^ Kings Cross station in recog^ítïo^ of the paperback ^elease^of Book I1. Rowlí^g has became facxtous. Thousands of fans flock to i^ookstores aid stand ín sine for hours to mée^ her at bask signings artel readings. Só^^etímes Rowlí^g's car has ta circle the black untìl her assistants eat clear a way far her to enter he store. Reporters have compared the crowd's reac^ìon to her arrival to that of the Beatles' first Améríca tour. Overwheied bookstores have resorted to handing out a spccíf^c number of tickers to limit the size of crowds. At a few stores, dìsg^u^tled fans have reacted angrily at mot béing admitted. Publishers have released varía^ia^zs af tl^e ^ásíc Harry Patter book.. A boxed set af the first three .volumes is available. Largé print editions and BraiiÍe copies have also been produced. Bóok club editions are sold through groups with specific i^^erests, 0 0

SAUS, PRIZ^S, ANQ f~AM^
The Iiarr^ Potter series has achieved u^precede^ted bestseller status. Tl^e boobs have bec^ included o^ every major best-· seller lìst ín Great Brïtain and the United States and do^^i^ated them fnr weeks. Rowl^^g's books were the f rst chíldre^'s books included on the New Ynrk smet' Bestseller list since E.B. Whí^e's Churl^^e's W 6 i^ 1952. Begí^ning on November 28, 19 99, Rnwling's three novels were ranked ^^ the fist three pasítío^s o^ the New Y rk ^mes'Bestselier list. When Amazon.CO^TI, ^ f b oth ^^ t h e U^^ted S tages a^ d G rear B r^ta^n, o fered ^nter^et customers the opp^rtu^íty ta pre·-order Book N í^ the sptí^g of 2ggq, so many orders were placed that the unpublished book achieved bestseller status. The commercial success of the series has resuited in the Ar^^ríca^ publisher ptint^^g extraordinarily large first runs of half a million copies. Several paper miÜs a ^d prí^tí^g plá^ts work overtime to meet the publisher's derr^ands. Mí^ío^s of capes of both hardbáck artel paperb^ek editions have beep sold i^ the United States, a^d record-breaking sales have occurred in almos every country where ^ìie Potter series is sold. Many read-

I^

k' ARRY ^1'QTTER

such as scíe^ce f ctíar^ aid fantasy ^aolc clubs ar By school dístrîl^utia^ . Rorie O'Da^^ell picked H^^rry ^^ttera^d the ^ris^ner afA^z^^^n as the í^augural selection of her Rosie's Readers cl^.ildren's Bnok club. Bath chain a^d îndepexzdent bookstores pror^í^e^tly display the novels, stacking hundreds ^^ copies above shelves aid placít^g recommended books consîdered simíIar to the Potter series nearby: I^ Great Britain, Germany, and Italy, copies with covers depicting photographs instead of artwork are intended far adult readérs. These moré mature appearing verslons are popular among ca^nmuters wl^a félt compelled to conceal the ^^avefs Behind newspapers. U^aBrîdged audïatapes axd CDs of all three Books feature he voice of Jim Dale, a liraadway actor whose credits include the movie Fete's Dr^g^^ (1977). The novels have Been honored witl'^ a variety of awards. Even the audio versions have reçeived recognition, including Being ^omínated far a Grammy. British children voted for Raveling as the wí^ner of three co^secuti^e Smar^ïes Gold Awards. She also was selected Author of the Year at he Brïtísh Book Awards.

and justice. The game Harry Potter ís recógnizable ro .^atíve speakers of Ia^guages ranging from Arabic ta Çhínese.
BloomsBu^ Publishing has exported books and ca^tracted ^^ith foreign p^^Blíshers, selí^^g 30 million copies gloBally as of June 2000. The novels have Been translated ïnio at lease 2ß la^guages for sale in 130 countrïes, including Aus^ralìa, Austria, &a^íl, Bulgaria, Canada, Chîna, Craatía, the Czech Repu^iíc,. Degmark, Estozxía, Fi^iand, France, Germany, Grear Britain, Greecé, Holland, Hungary, Iceland, Indonesia, Israel, IØy, Japan, Korea, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romax^^a, Spain (in Castítían amid World Catalan dialects), South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland, a ^ d the United Sates. The series lias Been included ors Bestseller lists ^hroughau^ the world.

Although tl^e Muggle and wizard cuItu^s ín which Harry lives are quite difFerent frian ocher cultures, readers nanetl^eIess recogni^e universal concepts. The exotic details to readers outside Britain enlancé she series' fa^Øtical nature, While $^t^sh readers acknowledge aspeds af tl^eî^ own culture aid even feel nostalgic or sentimental aØut l^oardíng schools, fare^gners perceive thé story as a glimpse through a magical window í^^to another world. `they may idet^cïfy with the huznaníty af the characters and the u^^iversality of the themes, ^u^ the specifics of the story are remix^íscent of watching a documentary- vaith expØtary subtitles.

^^ ^^ y ^^ ^^^ vS , A^ ^oN
Harry has e^cha^t^d people worldwide, aid his magic connects people from diØerent cultures with a common Bond. Imagination, humor, and ernpa^hy are not c^^fí^ed By geog raphical Borders , slyn galor , or lan guage . Even thou gh Harr y is a Br'^tísh schaóIBoy, his fears a^d jays are familiar to most humans regardless of where they Iïve. People u^dersca^d the uz^íversal feelings afshyness a^d ir^securíty as well as the incepts of respect

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ELizAB^TH^ D. SCHAFAR

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HARRy'S ERNS
Harry Po^te^ exists in yet anot^^er sphere separate frorri Huggles and Hagwarts: ín fandai-i-^, the factual a ^ d fictional
Wprlds ØxiS[ íßl the form of fail clubs, small and .large, and. public events corr^memoraung the series. Bloomsbury

ilar stories. paris gather m^^rhly to discuss those baalss: Young fans cam also pro^^ote the books för móre .awards, such as votíng £or Nickelodeon's Annual Kids' Choice Awards:

^ RCHAND sE
Rowlíng's ageHt, Christopher Little, receives as many as one hundred í^quit^es daily from people wa^^ing to use Hairy Pot^e^'s name to market theí^ goods. Most ideas are rejec^ed because Rowli^g ís protectivé of her creaúve proper^ and does ^a^ want him to be crudely commer^íalized. Aid r^^a^y readers also, say: that they prefer t^^ ímagíHe Harry instead of having acciori figures ghat depict taím. S^ far, she major merchandising approval has been granted ^o Mate! ar^d Hasbro ^o produce Harry Potter toys, broomsticks, board a ^ d video gari^es, trading cards, cariçly, and eleccro^ícs. Faris hope that Warner Bratters migh^ build a Hairy Pottér theme park a^ d that a cartoon might be produced.

Publishing reçeives ^housa^ds of letters from fates, bosh chi!dreH and adults, wa^ti^g to join. the Harry potter pan Club. Members receive a certificate, embossed wïth Hogwarts' crest aid monta, that declares the fan ís "ari .honorary pupil of Hagwar^s, a persa^al fried of Harty Porter's, a fierce ópponeH^ of the dark side a^d a thoroughly good egg." The Unoffcía! Harms Patter pán Club hosts a web page where fans can be sorted into aie of the Hogwarts Houses. The sise offers free Quiddítch e-maïl a^cou^ts a ^ d posts fan fiction a^ d ait. I^terac^ive games, crafts, aid arúcles aré available an tl^ís page. The club also offers a^ off-line version of The 11^iIy Prophet written by fans. pans can read trews a ^ d rumors and explore the Humeraus links tó other Harry Potter sites. A^ather indicator of fan. reactioH to the suies ís haw rt a ^y people ide^úfy ^hetnsélves wícki characters' games or a reference from the books as part of their e-mail address. Rowlí^g occasionally schedules chats with fates on Scholastic's web page a^ d answers questions.

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HARRY IN THE NEWSPAPER AND ON SCREEN
References to Harry i^ comic strips and on television prog^ams indïcáte how she series is influe^ci^^; popular culture. Sts far, "Parit^ly Círçus" a ^ d "Peánúts" have featured characters praising Harry. Editorial cartoons iH the Gkncinn^t^ ^^^g ^ irer and the New Yorker have cotrirnen^ed ^^^ the books' Øpularity and the potential for copyca^ books to be quíctdy produced. A Newsweek business article desc^^bed the quick 0

Wl^^le waítirig for new gavels to be released, fans join groups such as the Hamy Potter Withdrawal Club sponsored by Joseph-Be^h Baokscllers íH Ci^cínna^, Ohio, or other so-called Harry Potter ^3ep^^vacion Clubs. Bookstores provide fans pack ets of information about the novels aid suggestion lists of sím-

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ELi2 8 TW C). SCHAEER

HAiZ RY POTTER

success of a new business as being Iíke Harry Potter. Harm was mentioned ín . a "Saturday Night ^..ïve» skit. A fath^e^ read past of a Potter navel to his dau ter on the darna "Time of Your ^.íFe.» In the televisiten show "O^ce aßá Agais» the Payer novels are twelve-year-old JessÍe Samtnler's favorite books. The final "jeopardy¢ answer during that gime shów's college charnpíonshíp play was "which rule cha^acte^'s schóol has the motta `Neves ^'ïckle a Sleepí^g Dragon'?" but u one of the contestants knew the question (they suggested "Whó ís Holden Caulfield?,, grid "Who ís Pete of `Fete's Dragon'?") The movie version of Book t is scheduled .for release ity November or December ^f 2001. Steve Kloves (Raring with the .Ñl^on, 1984; .Flesh did B^^e, I^93) wrote the script. As of March 2000 , Steven S pe lb erg d ec id ed not to dires t th e film, and Chris Columbus CHo^^eAl^ne, 1990; Mfrs. Doubtfire, 1993) was selected as director. Bowling insisted that the Movie must ^e set in Great Britain a ^ d star a.B^ítish^ actor ptayí^g Harry.

H1TBR1^ AD PR1Z1^ CONTROV^ftSÿ
arty Potter survived barit^íng, for the most part, subje^^ of ars i^te^se debate among British critics ^tr^ary ^t^e^rits. t^^ early 2000, the Wl^itbtead Book of were changed so that ch^íldre^'s books could 6e far the p^íze. Hdry Potter : d71d the Práso^er af wore the chíldre^'s awa^^d aril challenged Seamus 's translatïon of "Beowulf" for ^hé maí^ award. The engaged in bitter arguments, with tla^é Heaney suppart^ at^ ckí^g the Potter rio^el as ^ í ^ g a^ ít ^eríox ^ aok. s^ewspapers reported haw judges flamed the Potter books far Øcou^aging adults to be iz^^nature. They said the book could nog be c^^nsidered a classic a^d that popula^íty should not be equated with excellence. The Potter prámarers stressed that chiidre^'s literature deserves to be respected and not belittled,.

Hargis, Cheryl, and Allíso^ AÍexa^der, eds. 7"heorizrng FaØm: Fans, Subculture, a^d Identity.. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 199$, A study of how fans of books a ^ d popufa^ culture organize and i^te^act.

HARRy'S DkTRACTORS
See Chapterl5, .Moral amid Saciai Codes far a discussion of objecrians to Harry Patter Hovess by parents identifying themselves as co^servatíve Christians.

^-{olbrook, Davits- Creativity a^d Popular Culture. Rutherford, NJ: Fai^leígh Dickïtiso^ U^íversity Press, 1r394. Discusses haw moral a^d ethical issues cam affect chíldre^'s creaúvity: jes^ kí ^ s, Henry, ed. The Children's Guitare Reeder. New York: New York Unïversít^ Press, 1998. t^formatioxi about the role of mass media i^ children's lives.

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Anerica ^ I.ibrary Asso íatí©n's Office for Intellectual Freeda rt http:llwww.ala.nrgfnif htzr l Ti e Natía^ai Caalítía^ Agaí ^st Censarshíp http:/1www. ^ cac. orgl Internet Mavie Data Base h ttp:llwww. ímdb.cam I,ng a^ ta www 6eachampuñlishing.com for many addítinxxal prajects, díscussin^ questíons, wrítí^g and researck ídeas, websítes, a ati bii^líography.

CHAPTER Z.

11 ^ ^L, i^ I1 l1 ^ V

^ ^o^RA ^^ y aF
..1. K. ROV^L,^N G
Harr'y's age. " J.K. Rov'r^,^^^c

"I have eery vávid. memories of hew ít felt to ^e

`:I wrote sametháng that 1 knew I would like to read now. But 1' also wrote s^methïng that I knew

I would have liked Ø have read at age .10. "^ J.K. Øv^tv^

Y,LIZABETH U. SCHAF R

HARRY POTT^0.

B04KS

By ROWLING

The

Rowííng family moved from Yate ^o nearby

Wínterbour^e where Rowíing aztd he,^ sister played with neígl^Hurry Potter und the ^hidasopher's SØ^e; Great Brítaí^, ^ 997; published as Harms Patter aid the Sar^erer's St^^e, U.S., 199$ ^ ^ Hurry fatter a^d the Chamber of .Secrets, Great Britain, I99$, U.S., I999 Hurry utter und the Pr^so^er of'l^zka ^a ^ , I999 Hurry ^^tter and tl^e Gaólet of Fire, 2ß0û t^a^-l^aad children, í^cíudi^g a family named Potter. Her Friends ed her Jo, which she 1íkØ, faut she loathed the pronuncia^i*an af her last na^^e because children teased her with jokes ^1^u^ rollí^g pins and rolÍï^g stommes. Her father, a mataager and ^a^.gíneer for Rolls-Royce, and le^ mothe^,.a laboratory techní^.iar^, relocated their family to Tutshill year the Welsh border ^^^wn of Chepstow situated in the Forest of Dean. Rowíir^g's
1^arents, ^atíve Londoners, 1^ad dreamed a£prúviding a ctau^try

A ^ ou ^ r ^ u ^^ o
- ^arfy Lí^e

Øme far their daughters who roamed in the fields and explored e dye River region. Rowli^g says she was a ^luiet, Freckled, Ø^athletíc, bookish girl who wore glasses a ^d earned mostly aarxne Kathleen Bawling has written fiction since she was a child aid always aspired to be an author. The da^gl}tér ^f Peter and Anne Rowl'^ng, she was born on July ^I, I9GS, at the Chipping Bodharv General Hospital i^. Gloucestershire Engia^d. The Bawling family lived at Yate, year B^^stol. R^wlíng describes herself as an Introverted child who read books, t^^er^ted stories, and rived in a fantasy world populated by imaginary f^^iends. Her pare^^s were avid readers who stocked tl^eír house with bØks, a ^ d Bowling reØs her Fatí^e^ reading her The W^^d in the ^ídd^ws whey she was sick with measles. She enjoyed telling the stories she rnáde up to her you^gér sister Diana. They wa^^ted a rabbit as ^ pet but never received ore, and Rowli^g's first leng^hy story, e^titled `"Rabbít,U was about a hage who had the measles. Anotl^cr story fean.rr^d Diana f-alting i to á rabbit hole where the Øbits took Øe of hey Foreshadowing hey first b^k published twenty years latee, she wrote a talé about seen enehan^eå diamoz^ås. ^
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hïgl^ grades at Tutshíll Primary School. She initiativ déspísed ^utshïíí because her teachers thought she was dumb because s1^e ^ not been taught. fractions atther previous school. At Wvedea^ Comprehensive , Rawlíng e^.jayed E^^gGsh classes. 5^e also read books written by Jane Aus^en (her fa^osite or), E.ííza6eh Goudge, Clement í^reud, Paul Gallica, Ian ^^r^r^í^^g , a^d Raddy Doyle for pleasure : Her mother gave her a y of one, o^ her Favorite childhood woks, Goudge's The Øde T^húe Herse, when Rawlí^g was eight years old. Du^í^g u^a^1^, she spun stories för her Friends as they ate, featuti^g zher^ as courageous heroines who tried t^ perform acts of ki^dness hux often became involved ín humorous predicarr^e^ts. ^á^^wíing prívátely dreamed of writing books a^d seeing them ,s^,ld i^ stores, but she did mat cö^Erde her hopes fear fear pØpte ^^^uíd dísc^urage her, saying she lacked talet. Gaining confi^ d^^çe as she grew older, She became more vocal publicly but

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was secretive about her writing as a teenage. She was selected " Head Girl ín hér last year át school.
- ^ar^y .^á^eer -

amid finished twn novels fnr adult readers, bit she did not submit- t}^em to publishers Øcause she questioned tl^eír literáry merit. Row^íng "was focusing on a novel for ..adults when the idea about
Marry Patter suddenly

R^wling eared a Fre^^h and Classics degree from laxeter University; she credits this education with leer. helping her ^n.^e^t deve^ f^ctíonai names. Her parents had advised her to focus n^ languages to become a bilingual secretary, a career that Bowling sáys she was íl1-suited for because she was too disorga^ized. She p^efe^red wr^ti^g statics to ^akí^g ra^í^utes or typi^g cor^espn^de^ce. Durí^g"her college studies, she was an aux-^ il^ary teacher ^^ Paris to earn c^edi^s inward her degree. For two years she was empláyed by Amnesty International in London to research human rights issues í^ Afrïca before moving to Manchester where her college bayfrie^d warleed. Rowli^^g attained an office p^sitío^, first at the lacáí univérsíry, then at the city's chamber of wmmerce. In 19$0, her mathet developed multiple sclerosis. Her r^ather's death ín i99^, as well asa ^nbbery a^ d l^ei^g Fired from her jnb, resulted ^^ Rawlí^g reevaluating her life. Remembering her teaching assíg^ment i^ Paris, Rawli^g c^^sidered retur^í^g ta education as a career a ^ d took ^ class í^ teachí^g English as a second language.
urrys Begí^ni^g --

appeared in her Thoughts.

laíle "sitt^^g o^ a stalled
traí^ e^ route foam Manchester to Lo^da^ i^ the su^r^c^^er of lß90, Rnwlíng says "Harry just strolled into my head fully ^o^r^ed.° S}ze explains that "It's as mysterious to ^^e as to any--

ne else. She used the four hour wait to thí^k about him. She ízed that he was apre-adolescent, orphaned boy named
Harry Pntte^ who learned that he was a wizard, which explaí^ed ^-hy unusual things happened ín his presence. The book's basic l^remíse would be Harry's search for his identity while he cau^ered eví# villains ^^ sáve goad cháracters a^d preserve sa^ctuar-

^^x where they would be protected. Rowlí^g decided that ^#a^y's adventures would be addressed ín seven banks," each í*.^vel a part of a^ o^gai^g saga tñat described a year at a wiz? and school where he was invited to attend. .its soon as she t^air^ reached King's Cross station i^ Lon^í©^> ^^^e rushed home to jot down her ideas. During the next five ^*^rs, Raveling outlined the plats for each book aid begat wrí^the first novel. She devised clever i^arnes for characters and s.-^t^^gs aid kept boxes óf rotes with de^aíls about he ^ í^^agiwarld. Thróugh such extensive and exacting pla^^í^g, ^1í^g was able to include what,seemed ^o be inconsequential ^>eretsces to characters ar events í^ early stories that actually

Thraughnut ler we ^ties, she co^^í^ ued to wríte fictio^. Duríng the pre-Harry Potter period that she cn ^síders ta have bee ^ her wrìtí ^g appre^tíceship, Rowling pe ^^ ed sh^ t stnries

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