Eolas Technologies Incorporated v. Adobe Systems Incorporated et al

Filing 1348

Additional Attachments to Main Document: 1347 Order,.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 2 of 17), # 2 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 3 of 17), # 3 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 4 of 17), # 4 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 5 of 17), # 5 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 6 of 17), # 6 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 7 of 17), # 7 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 8 of 17), # 8 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 9 of 17), # 9 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 10 of 17), # 10 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 11 of 17), # 11 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 12 of 17), # 12 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 13 of 17), # 13 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 14 of 17, # 14 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 15 of 17), # 15 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 16 of 17), # 16 Exhibit C to 1342 (Part 17 of 17)(Doan, Jennifer)

CLAIM CHART EXHIBIT 14
"COHEN"

INVALIDITY CLAIM CHART FOR U.S. PATENT NO. 5,838,906


US PATENT 5,367,621 TO COHEN ET AL., (“COHEN”)1. THE BODY OF MY REPORT PROVIDES A NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF
THIS PRIOR ART AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED PART OF THIS CHART.

Claim Text from ’906 Patent
906-1.a:
A method for running an application program in a
computer network environment, comprising:

Cohen
Cohen discloses an application program. See, e.g., :
Cohen's disclosure is described in connection with the BookManager
BUILD program. "For example, the IBM BookManager (TM) READ
program helps the user manage, search and look at on-line books. There
are two complementary BookManager products, BookManager BUILD
creates on-line books from files marked-up with Generalized Markup
Language. The BookManager READ product can then manage, search and
show the on-line books created by BookManager BUILD." (col. 1, lines
24-32)
Cohen further discloses "[a] method, program and data processing system
are disclosed, for providing a generalized link from a reference point
within an organized hierarchy of a formatted text stream in an on-line
book, to an arbitrary type multimedia object." (col. 2, lines 11-16)
Cohen discloses a computer network environment. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses a distributed environment, including a LAN and a clientserver environment. "FIG. 4 illustrates a workstation for displaying a

1

For all asserted claims this reference is a 103 reference due to my understanding of the plain meaning of the limitations relating to “location” (e.g. 901-1.f and
906-1.g and 985-1.f and 985.1g) and the Court’s discussion of the issue on page 17 of its August 22, 2011 Order. Thus, for these particular limitations, the
reference is not anticipatory, but rather, as explained in the body of my report, this limitation would be combined with a prior art web browser like Mosaic,
CERN’s web browser, Viola, or MediaView. Likewise, to satisfy the HTML limitations in the ’985 patent, the reference must be combined with a web browser
or HTML teaching, such as Mosaic, CERN’s web browser, or Viola. For both all such limitations it would have been obvious to a person of ordinary skill in the
art at the time to do so as explained in the body of my report and the teachings, for example, of Tim Berners-Lee posted on the CERN website discussing the
Web and relating features and pointers to other browser technologies including HyperCard, Viola and MediaView. See also Bina Ex. 7 (suggesting inlining
multimedia objects). This was an obvious and natural extension of prior hypermedia functions and features and an inevitable development in the marketplace at
the time of the invention and based on the state of the art.

1

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

906-1.b:
providing at least one client workstation and one
network server coupled to said network
environment, wherein said network environment is
a distributed hypermedia environment;

Cohen
softcopy book, in accordance with the invention. The workstation 200
includes the bus 202 which interconnects the CPU 204, DASD 206,
display and keyboard adapter 208, local area network (LAN) 210, video
adapter 212, audio adapter 214, mouse adapter 216, and the memory 220."
(col. 8, lines 61-67) "The softcopy book file 100 can be downloaded from
a host through the LAN interface 210 to the workstation 200, or
alternately it can be loaded from a diskette on the DASD 206. " (col. 9,
lines 27-30)
Cohen further discloses a distributed hypermedia document in that the
client workstations retrieve and browse on-line documents that include
multimedia. "The link tags described herein specify hypertext links which
are created within on-line documents and between on-line documents.
Using the GML described in the above referenced BookMaster
publications, new tags and concepts described herein enable the creation
of hypertext links within and between on-line documents. In accordance
with the invention disclosed herein, those hypertext links are improved to
represent and present multimedia objects in a manner which is not
constrained by any mechanism which invokes the link. Hypertext links
connect elements in one part of an on-line document to elements in
another part of the same document or in a separate on-line document or in
an external file or data base." (col. 4, lines 34-47)
Cohen discloses a client workstation. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that the browser is on a client workstation. "FIG. 4
illustrates a workstation for displaying a softcopy book, in accordance
with the invention. The workstation 200 includes the bus 202 which
interconnects the CPU 204, DASD 206, display and keyboard adapter 208,
local area network (LAN) 210, video adapter 212, audio adapter 214,
mouse adapter 216, and the memory 220." (col. 8 line 61 – col. 9 line 14).
Cohen further discloses that "[i]t is within the scope of the invention that
the architecture of FIG. 4 can represent a host data processing system or
alternately a self-contained, portable data processor such as a laptop or

2

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

Cohen
palm top personal computer." (col. 9, lines 34-38)
Cohen discloses a network server. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65)
Cohen further discloses that the client workstation downloads documents
from a network server: "[t]he softcopy book file 100 can be downloaded
from a host through the LAN interface 210 to the workstation 200… ."
(col. 9, lines 27-30). "It is within the scope of the invention that the
architecture of FIG. 4 can represent a host data processing system or
alternately a self-contained, portable data processor such as a laptop or
palm top personal computer." (col. 9, lines 34-38).
Cohen discloses a distributed hypermedia environment. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses a distributed environment, including a LAN and a clientserver environment. "FIG. 4 illustrates a workstation for displaying a
softcopy book, in accordance with the invention. The workstation 200
includes the bus 202 which interconnects the CPU 204, DASD 206,
display and keyboard adapter 208, local area network (LAN) 210, video
adapter 212, audio adapter 214, mouse adapter 216, and the memory 220."
(col. 8, lines 61-67) "The softcopy book file 100 can be downloaded from
a host through the LAN interface 210 to the workstation 200, or
alternately it can be loaded from a diskette on the DASD 206. " (col. 9,
lines 27-30)
Cohen further discloses a distributed hypermedia document in that the
client workstations retrieve and browse on-line documents that include
multimedia. "The link tags described herein specify hypertext links which
are created within on-line documents and between on-line documents.
Using the GML described in the above referenced BookMaster
publications, new tags and concepts described herein enable the creation

3

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

906-1.c:
executing, at said client workstation, a browser
application, that parses a first distributed
hypermedia document to identify text formats
included in said distributed hypermedia document
and for responding to predetermined text formats
to initiate processing specified by said text
formats;

Cohen
of hypertext links within and between on-line documents. In accordance
with the invention disclosed herein, those hypertext links are improved to
represent and present multimedia objects in a manner which is not
constrained by any mechanism which invokes the link. Hypertext links
connect elements in one part of an on-line document to elements in
another part of the same document or in a separate on-line document or in
an external file or data base." (col. 4, lines 34-47)
Cohen discloses a browser application. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses "[h]ypertext links [that] connect elements in one part of
an on-line document to elements in another part of the same document or
in a separate on-line document or in an external file or data base. Links
can be thought of as similar to cross-references in a printed document. For
example, while reading about a topic in an encyclopedia, the reader may
come across a reference to another topic. The reader of the hardcopy book
will place a finger on the page that references the topic and will turn back
to the new referenced page. The reader has just created a link from one
part of the hardcopy document to another. In printed documents, a reader
turns to related information. In an on-line softcopy document, the
BookManager program creates a link to related information, and the online reader can then display that information. The way a reader selects a
reference for BookManager to display can be by using a pointing device
such as a mouse to activate a link tag in the displayed text. A previously
stored address pointer relates the link tag to the target portion of the
document to which the link tag refers. The target may also be another
document." (col. 4, lines 44-55)
Cohen discloses that the browser application parses a hypermedia document.
See, e.g., :
eCohen discloses that a hypermedia document's formatted text stream is parsed
Cohen discloses that a hypermedia document's formatted text stream is
parsed to identify markup tags. "The softcopy book READ program 400

4

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

Cohen
operates on the book text and its tags in the page buffer 236 and constructs
the memory image of the picture to be displayed, which is stored in the
display buffer 238 of the memory 220. In step 412, the link tags are
located in the softcopy book text. In particular, the link tags 164, 168 and
172 in the book text of FIG. 1b are located." (col. 10, lines 29-36). See
also col. 11 line 40 (describing parsing of DATA string).
Cohen discloses a hypermedia document with text formats. See, e.g., :

906-1.d:
utilizing said browser to display, on said client
workstation, at least a portion of a first hypermedia
document received over said network from said
server,

Cohen discloses a formatted text stream in accordance with a generalized
markup language.
The BookManager BUILD and BookManager READ program products
use on-line, softcopy books which are formatted using the Generalized
Markup Language (GML)… ." (col. 4 lines 20-23.)
"The method begins by storing a formatted text stream in the data
processing system. The formatted text stream includes a link description
which contains multimedia type information, object location information
and multimedia control information for a target multimedia object. The
formatted text stream further includes a link tag associated with the link
description, which identifies a source location in the formatted text stream
from which a link is established to the target multimedia object." (col. 2,
lines 10-26)
Cohen provides examples of text formats at columns 5 through 7.
Cohen discloses that a hypermedia document is received from the server. See,
e.g., :
Cohen discloses that the client workstation receives hypermedia
documents from a network server: "[t]he softcopy book file 100 can be
downloaded from a host through the LAN interface 210 to the workstation
200… ." (col. 9, lines 27-30). "It is within the scope of the invention that
the architecture of FIG. 4 can represent a host data processing system or
alternately a self-contained, portable data processor such as a laptop or

5

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

Cohen
palm top personal computer." (col. 9, lines 34-38).
Cohen discloses that the browser displays a hypermedia document. See, e.g., :

906-1.e:

Cohen's disclosure is directed to the BookManager READ browser, and
describes a browser that displays documents: "a softcopy book reading
program whose presentation format primarily displays on a monitor
display screen." (col. 3, line 65 - col. 4, line 1)
Cohen further discloses: "For example, the IBM BookManager (TM)
READ program helps the user manage, search and look at on-line books.
There are two complementary BookManager products, BookManager
BUILD creates on-line books from files marked-up with Generalized
Markup Language. The BookManager READ product can then manage,
search and show the on-line books created by BookManager BUILD."
(col. 1 lines 24-32)
Cohen further describes the mechanics by which the hypermedia
document is displayed: "The display buffer 238 stores the resulting picture
displayed on the monitor display screen 208. Currently, the graphics 190'
and the text 174' are shown in the display buffer 238 of FIG. 4." (col. 9,
lines 22-26)
Cohen discloses that the browser displays hypermedia documents. "The
resulting invention provides a generalized link from a reference point
within an organized hierarchy of text in a softcopy on-line book, to an
arbitrary multimedia object which may be represented by data from an
internal object within the softcopy book, or alternately from external files
or external data bases. This enables multimedia objects such as high
resolution photographic quality graphics, motion video, sound or
animation to be supported, as specified by the author at the time of writing
his book. The author may also provide for alternate multimedia objects to
be displayed where particular specified multimedia hardware or software
is not present in a user's workstation." (col. 15, lines 30-43).
Cohen discloses that a hypermedia document is displayed in a browser window.

6

Claim Text from ’906 Patent
wherein the portion of said first hypermedia
document is displayed within a first browsercontrolled window on said client workstation,

906-1.f:
wherein said first distributed hypermedia

Cohen
See, e.g., :
Cohen's disclosure is directed to the BookManager READ browser, and
describes " a softcopy book reading program whose presentation format
primarily displays on a monitor display screen." (col. 3, line 65 - col. 4,
line 1)
Cohen further discloses: "For example, the IBM BookManager (TM)
READ program helps the user manage, search and look at on-line books.
There are two complementary BookManager products, BookManager
BUILD creates on-line books from files marked-up with Generalized
Markup Language. The BookManager READ product can then manage,
search and show the on-line books created by BookManager BUILD."
(col. 1 lines 24-32)
Cohen further describes the mechanics by which the hypermedia
document is displayed: "The display buffer 238 stores the resulting picture
displayed on the monitor display screen 208. Currently, the graphics 190'
and the text 174' are shown in the display buffer 238 of FIG. 4." (col. 9,
lines 22-26)
Cohen further discloses an "application window." (col. 6, lines 27-29)
Cohen discloses that the browser displays hypermedia documents. "The
resulting invention provides a generalized link from a reference point
within an organized hierarchy of text in a softcopy on-line book, to an
arbitrary multimedia object which may be represented by data from an
internal object within the softcopy book, or alternately from external files
or external data bases. This enables multimedia objects such as high
resolution photographic quality graphics, motion video, sound or
animation to be supported, as specified by the author at the time of writing
his book. The author may also provide for alternate multimedia objects to
be displayed where particular specified multimedia hardware or software
is not present in a user's workstation." (col. 15, lines 30-43).
Cohen discloses an embed text format at a first location in a hypermedia
document. See, e.g., :

7

Claim Text from ’906 Patent
document includes an embed text format, located
at a first location in said first distributed
hypermedia document, that specifies the location
of at least a portion of an object external to the first
distributed hypermedia document,

Cohen
During document parsing, the location of an LID tag is determined. This is
considered a first location in the hypermedia document. Subsequent
parsing and resultant action proceeds from this location. "An authordefined link is created by the book's author to establish a relationship
between a source location within the softcopy text and a target location
within the same text or the text in another softcopy book. The author will
place a link tag in the location of the softcopy book which is the source or
referencing location. Then the author will include a link description tag at
the beginning of the softcopy book, which describes the information
necessary to create a link from the source link tag to the target location."
(col. 4, line 66 through col. 5, line 7).
As one example: "Turning now to FIG. 1, the softcopy book file 100 is
shown which includes the link description tags 102 shown in greater detail
in FIG. 1a, the book text with tags 104 shown in greater detail in FIG. 1b,
the internal animation object 106 shown in greater detail in FIG. 1c, the
internal audio object 108 shown in greater detail in FIG. 1d, and the
internal graphics object 110 shown in greater detail in FIG. 1e. The
location of the link description tags, book text and internal objects is
identified in the file index 105 which stores the location offset values for
each in the book file 100. In FIG. 1a, the link description tags 102 include
three tags. A first tag 120 for a video object type, a second tag 140 for an
audio object type, and a third tag 150 for a graphic object type. FIG. 1b
shows the book text with tags 104. The softcopy book text includes a first
portion 160 which is a heading denoted by :Hl. The second section 162 is
a paragraph denoted by :P. The third section 164 is a multimedia hypertext
link denoted by the beginning tag :L and the ending tag :eL. The link
identification LID=eleph_movie for the link 164, relates the tag 164 to the
link descriptor tag 120 of FIG. 1a." (col. 7, lines 31-54)
In Cohen, the LDESC embed text formats are kept in the prologue of the
document. This was actually a feature, because it allowed an author to
define the embed text format once, and then re-use that text format within

8

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

Cohen
the hypermedia document using a shorter link identification tag, without
needing to re-type the full LDESC text format. "The link identification
LID=eleph_movie for the link 164, relates the tag 164 to the link
descriptor tag 120 of FIG. 1a." (col. 7, lines 50-54).
Accordingly, it would have been obvious to use LDESC text formats
within the document's formatted text stream such that the embed text
format was at a first location in the hypermedia document.
Cohen discloses that the embed text format specifies the location of an object.
See, e.g., :
The LDESC tag includes an OBJECT attribute that specifies the location
of an object by identifying that object. (See col. 5 lines 44-49). In
addition, Cohen discloses that the formatted text stream includes object
location information. "The formatted text stream includes a link
description which contains multimedia type information, object location
information and multimedia control information for a target multimedia
object. The formatted text stream further includes a link tag associated
with the link description, which identifies a source location in the
formatted text stream from which a link is established to the target
multimedia object." (col. 2, lines 18-26)
Cohen discloses an object that is external to a hypermedia document. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that "[t]he resulting invention provides a generalized link
from a reference point within an organized hierarchy of text in a softcopy
on-line book, to an arbitrary multimedia object which may be represented
by data from an internal object within the softcopy book, or alternately
from external files or external data bases." (col. 15, lines 31-36)
For example, for a video object, Cohen describes that "[t]he softcopy book
file 100 of FIG. 1 can be stored on a magnetic diskette on the DASD 206
or it can be stored on a compact disk as a separate file from the external

9

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

906-1.g:
wherein said object has type information
associated with it utilized by said browser to
identify and locate an executable application
external to the first distributed hypermedia
document, and

Cohen
video object 195 which would be stored as its own file on the same
compact disk. Alternately, the external video object 195 can be stored in
another storage medium separate from that for the softcopy book file 100.
If the video object 195 of FIG. 2 were an internal object, it would be
encapsulated as a part of the softcopy book file 100, in a manner similar to
the incorporation of internal object 106, 108 or 110 in FIG. 1." (col. 8,
lines 16-26)
Cohen discloses that the object has associated type information. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses the use of an object’s multimedia type information. “The
method then continues by storing a multimedia handler program in the
data processing system, the handler program controlling operations of a
multimedia output device characterized by the multimedia type
information.” (col. 2, lines 31-35)
Cohen also discloses that objects have type information indicated by the
OBJTYPE attribute of the LDESC tag. "OBJTYPE=object-type,
Identifies the type of information the author wants to create a link to. The
object-type can be one of the following values:
PROGRAM/ANIMATION/VIDEO/AUDIO/GRAPHIC/IMAGE. " (col.
5, lines 49-54)
For example, "In FIG. 1a, the link description tags 102 include three tags.
A first tag 120 for a video object type, a second tag 130 for an audio
object type, and a third tag 150 for a graphic object type." (col. 7, lines 4245)
The LDESC tag also includes a DATA attribute that serves to provide type
information. "The data for the link descriptor tag 120 is 'video.exe CD
Video File Format A'. Step 424 of the flow diagram of FIG. 6 gets that
DATA string and outputs it in step 426 to start the execution of the I/O
handler 15 program specified in the string. Then step 426 goes to step 420.
The string 'video.exe CD Video File Format A' specifies the I/O handler
program video.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7a." (col. 11,
lines 12-19)

10

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

Cohen
Cohen discloses that the browser uses type information to identify and locate an
executable application. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses the use of an object’s multimedia type information. “The
method then continues by storing a multimedia handler program in the
data processing system, the handler program controlling operations of a
multimedia output device characterized by the multimedia type
information.” (col. 2, lines 31-35)
Using the DATA attribute by way of example, Cohen discloses: "With
reference to the graphic object type link descriptor 150 of FIG. 1a, the
string 'graph.exe \GOCA Format C' is output by the softcopy book READ
program 400 to begin execution of the specified I/O handler program,
namely graph.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7c." (col. 10,
lines 54-60) As another example, "The data for the link descriptor tag
120 is 'video.exe CD Video File Format A'. Step 424 of the flow diagram
of FIG. 6 gets that DATA string and outputs it in step 426 to start the
execution of the I/O handler program specified in the string. Then step 426
goes to step 420. The string 'video.exe CD Video File Format A' specifies
the I/O handler program video.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG.
7a." (col. 11, lines 12-19)
Cohen discloses still other examples of executable applications that are
identified and located: "The profile 300 includes the hardware types for a
particular I/O function, characteristics for each hardware type, and the
software drivers which enable the application programs and I/O handler
programs to interact with the particular I/O hardware or software. For
example, if the I/O function is audio, the user's workstation profile 300
shows that there is a stereo high fi connected through the audio adapter
214 to the workstation 200. The workstation profile 300 further describes
that the stereo high fi hardware has, among its other characteristics, a
frequency response of 20 to 20000 Hertz and it can handle delta mod data
in FORMAT B. Still further, the workstation file 300 shows that there are

11

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

Cohen
three software drivers available for producing an audio output. The first
software driver is "CD__AUDIO.DVR" which is a software driver which
enables an audio object stored on a compact disk player which may be
connected through the video adapter 212, for example, to transfer the
audio data from the audio object to the stereo high fi to produce the audio
presentation. The second software driver for the audio I/O function is
"TAPE__AUDIO.DVR." This audio driver enables an audio object stored
on a tape drive, such as can be connected through a suitable adapter to the
bus 202, to output audio data from the audio object stored thereon to the
stereo high fi for the audio presentation. The third software driver for the
audio I/O function is "AUDIO__DATA.DVR." This driver enables an
audio object such as the internal audio object 108 in FIG. 1b, to have its
audio data transferred to the stereo high fi hardware for the audio
presentation." (col. 9, line 41 through col. 10, line 4)
Cohen discloses that the executable application is external to the hypermedia
document. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses the use of an object’s multimedia type information. “The
method then continues by storing a multimedia handler program in the
data processing system, the handler program controlling operations of a
multimedia output device characterized by the multimedia type
information.” (col. 2, lines 31-35)
Using the DATA attribute by way of example, Cohen discloses: "With
reference to the graphic object type link descriptor 150 of FIG. 1a, the
string 'graph.exe \ GOCA Format C' is output by the softcopy book READ
program 400 to begin execution of the specified I/O handler program,
namely graph.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7c." (col. 10,
lines 54-60) As another example, "The data for the link descriptor tag
120 is 'video.exe CD Video File Format A'. Step 424 of the flow diagram
of FIG. 6 gets that DATA string and outputs it in step 426 to start the
execution of the I/O handler program specified in the string. Then step 426

12

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

906-1.h:
wherein said embed text format is parsed by said

Cohen
goes to step 420. The string 'video.exe CD Video File Format A' specifies
the I/O handler program video.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG.
7a." (col. 11, lines 12-19) These executable applications are external to
the hypermedia document.
Cohen discloses still other examples of executable applications that are
external to the hypermedia document: "The profile 300 includes the
hardware types for a particular I/O function, characteristics for each
hardware type, and the software drivers which enable the application
programs and I/O handler programs to interact with the particular I/O
hardware or software. For example, if the I/O function is audio, the user's
workstation profile 300 shows that there is a stereo high fi connected
through the audio adapter 214 to the workstation 200. The workstation
profile 300 further describes that the stereo high fi hardware has, among
its other characteristics, a frequency response of 20 to 20000 Hertz and it
can handle delta mod data in FORMAT B.
Still further, the workstation file 300 shows that there are three software
drivers available for producing an audio output. The first software driver is
"CD__AUDIO.DVR" which is a software driver which enables an audio
object stored on a compact disk player which may be connected through
the video adapter 212, for example, to transfer the audio data from the
audio object to the stereo high fi to produce the audio presentation. The
second software driver for the audio I/O function is
"TAPE__AUDIO.DVR." This audio driver enables an audio object stored
on a tape drive, such as can be connected through a suitable adapter to the
bus 202, to output audio data from the audio object stored thereon to the
stereo high fi for the audio presentation. The third software driver for the
audio I/O function is "AUDIO__DATA.DVR." This driver enables an
audio object such as the internal audio object 108 in FIG. 1b, to have its
audio data transferred to the stereo high fi hardware for the audio
presentation." (col. 9, line 41 through col. 10, line 4)
Cohen discloses that the browser parses the embed text format. See, e.g., :

13

Claim Text from ’906 Patent
browser to automatically invoke said executable
application to execute on said client workstation in
order to display said object and enable an end-user
to directly interact with said object within a
display area created at said first location within the
portion of said first distributed hypermedia
document being displayed in said first browsercontrolled window.

Cohen
Cohen discloses that an embed text format is discovered by parsing an
LID tag. This tag in turn points to an LDESC tag, which is also
subsequently parsed.
"The softcopy book READ program 400 operates on the book text and its
tags in the page buffer 236 and constructs the memory image of the
picture to be displayed, which is stored in the display buffer 238 of the
memory 220. In step 412, the link tags are located in the softcopy book
text. In particular, the link tags 164, 168 and 172 in the book text of FIG.
1b are located." (col. 10, lines 29-36). See also col. 11 line 40 (describing
parsing of DATA string).
Cohen discloses automatic invocation of the executable application. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses an attribute of the LDESC tag called AUTOLAUNCH
that defines how to invoke or launch multimedia: either automatically the
first time the page appears or in the alternative, only upon explicit
selection. (col. 6 lines 13-17).
Cohen goes on to disclose this feature in more detail: "Then in step 414, a
determination is made as to whether any link tags have a link description
with the AUTOLAUNCH parameter equaling 'yes' in the corresponding
link descriptor tag. Reference to the link description tag 102 in FIG. 1a
will show that the first link description tag 120 has AUTOLAUNCH equal
to no, the second link tag 140 has AUTOLAUNCH equal to no. However,
the third link tag 150 has AUTOLAUNCH equal to yes. The link
descriptor tag 150 is for a graphic object type, and refers to the internal
graphics object 110 of FIG. 1e. In step 416 of FIG. 6, if an
AUTOLAUNCH parameter is equal to 'yes,' then the program gets the
DATA string from the link description. Reference to FIG. 1a will show
that the link description tag 150 has the DATA='graph.exe \ GOCA
Format C'. Then in step 418 of FIG. 6, the program outputs the data string
to start the execution of the I/O handler program specified in the string.
This is followed by the step 418 going to step 420. With reference to the

14

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

Cohen
graphic object type link descriptor 150 of FIG. 1a, the string 'graph.exe \
GOCA Format C' is output by the softcopy book READ program 400 to
begin execution of the specified I/O handler program, namely graph.exe,
whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7c." (col. 10, lines 36-60)
Cohen discloses that the executable application displays the object. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses executable applications that display objects. For
example, Cohen discloses an executable video.exe that displays objects as
indicated in Figure 7a. "The video handler program whose flow diagram
is shown in FIG. 7a, will now be described. In step 502, the softcopy book
READ program 400 outputs the DATA string, and this step 562
corresponds to either step 418 or step 426 of the softcopy book READ
program 400 of FIG. 6. In the example of activating the link tag 164 in the
softcopy book text 104 of FIG. 1b, this is the link to initiate the
multimedia video display of a motion picture of an African elephant
family." (col. 11, lines 30-38) "In step 508 of the video handler program
of FIG. 7a, it is determined whether the workstation profile includes the
required video support. Since the profile 300 indicates that the support is
present in the workstation 200, the flow proceeds to step 524 which
outputs the DATA string 'CD Video File Format A' and other control
information necessary for the playing of the video information from the
compact disk player which is connected through the video adapter 212 to
the workstation and the presentation of the resulting motion picture on the
display 208 at the workstation. Step 524 accesses the necessary data form
the external video object 195 of FIG. 2 as specified by the object name
'family__clip.vid', which is the file handle for the video object 195 on the
compact disk device, and the STORE=external parameters in the link
descriptor 120 of FIG. 1a. The data from the object is transferred to the
software driver CD_VIDEO.DVR, specified in the workstation profile
300, and the software driver controls the presentation of the motion picture
received from the video adapter 212 for display on the display 208. Step

15

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

Cohen
526 of FIG. 7a displays the CD video on the display 208." (col. 12, lines
1-23)
As another example, Cohen discloses a graph.exe executable application
that displays objects as indicated in Figure 7c.
Cohen does not explicitly disclose direct interaction with an object, except
for the obvious interaction of starting, pausing and stopping the
presentation of multimedia objects.
Cohen does suggest, however, the possibility of direct interaction because
it discloses a variety of multimedia objects, including those that inherently
require user interaction at the first location, such as spreadsheet objects.
"Many different kinds of multimedia objects can be linked into a softcopy
book. Multimedia objects such as high resolution, photographic quality
graphics, motion video, or sound can be supported by the invention. In
addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded definition
of multimedia can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or an
engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base. " (col. 2,
line 63 - col. 3, line 2)
Cohen discloses that the object is displayed on an auxiliary display device
and not at a first location in the hypermedia document, i.e. the location of
an LID tag determined by parsing. Therefore there is no disclosure that
interaction with an object, if possible, could be at the first location in the
document.

906-2.a:
The method of claim 1, wherein said executable
application is a controllable application and further
comprising the step of: interactively controlling
said controllable application on said client
workstation via inter-process communications
between said browser and said controllable
application.

Cohen discloses interactive control via inter-process communications between a
browser and an application. See, e.g., :
As one example, Cohen discloses inter-process communication between
the browser and executable applications specified by the DATA attribute.
"DATA='string' Lets the author pass data to multimedia object handler
programs for the first, primary element. For example, string may be
parameters to create a link to an animation sequence. Values for string

16

Claim Text from ’906 Patent
906-3.a:
The method of claim 2, wherein the
communications to interactively control said
controllable application continue to be exchanged
between the controllable application and the
browser even after the controllable application
program has been launched.

906-6.a:
A computer program product for use in a system
having at least one client workstation and one
network server coupled to said network
environment, wherein said network environment is
a distributed hypermedia environment, the
computer program product comprising:
906-6.b:
a computer usable medium having computer
readable program code physically embodied
therein, said computer program product further
comprising:

Cohen
depend on the capabilities of the user's installation." (col. 6, lines 7-12)
Cohen does not explicitly disclose ongoing inter-process communications,
except for the obvious interaction of starting, pausing and stopping the
presentation of multimedia objects.
Cohen does suggest, however, the possibility of ongoing inter-process
communications because it discloses multimedia objects such as
spreadsheet objects that would require ongoing user interaction and
therefore, ongoing inter-process communications in order to process those
interactions. "Many different kinds of multimedia objects can be linked
into a softcopy book. Multimedia objects such as high resolution,
photographic quality graphics, motion video, or sound can be supported by
the invention. In addition, other functions which can be included in an
expanded definition of multimedia can also be presented, such as a spread
sheet, or an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base.
" (col. 2, line 63 - col. 3, line 2)
Cohen discloses an application program in a computer network environment.
See evidence recited for 906-1.a.
Cohen also discloses a client workstation and a network server in a distributed
hypermedia environment. See evidence recited for 906-1.b.
Cohen discloses computer code physically embodied on a medium. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that the BookManager READ program to which Cohen's
disclosure is directed is stored on computer code physically embodied on a
medium: "Also stored in the memory 220 is the softcopy book READ
program 400 of FIG. 6, the I/O handler programs 500, 530 and 560 of

17

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

906-6.c:
computer readable program code for causing said
client workstation to execute a browser application
to parse a first distributed hypermedia document to
identify text formats included in said distributed
hypermedia document and to respond to
predetermined text formats to initiate processes
specified by said text formats;
906-6.d:
computer readable program code for causing said
client workstation to utilize said browser to
display, on said client workstation, at least a
portion of a first hypermedia document received
over said network from said server,
906-6.e:
wherein the portion of said first hypermedia
document is displayed within a first browsercontrolled window on said client workstation,
906-6.f:
wherein said first distributed hypermedia
document includes an embed text format, located
at a first location in said first distributed
hypermedia document, that specifies the location

Cohen
FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c, respectively, and the drivers and operating system
590. The CPU 204 of FIG. 4, executes the instructions embodied in the
program 400 and in the handler programs 500, 530 and 560, in accordance
with the invention." (col. 9, lines 6-13.)
Cohen further discloses that "FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of the softcopy
book READ program 400, in accordance with the invention. The program
resides in a partition of the memory 220 of the workstation in FIG. 4, or
alternately in the memory of a host processor in a host data processing
system. " (col. 10, lines 12-16)
Cohen discloses a browser application that parses a hypermedia document with
text formats. See evidence recited for 906-1.c.

Cohen discloses a hypermedia document received from a server and a browser
that displays the hypermedia document. See evidence recited for 906-1.d.

Cohen discloses that the hypermedia document is displayed in a browser
window. See evidence recited for 906-1.e.
Cohen discloses an embed text format at a first location in a hypermedia
document; that the embed text format specifies the location of an object; and that
the object is external to the hypermedia document. See evidence recited for 9061.f.

18

Claim Text from ’906 Patent
of at least a portion of an object external to the first
distributed hypermedia document,
906-6.g:
wherein said object has type information
associated with it utilized by said browser to
identify and locate an executable application
external to the first distributed hypermedia
document, and
906-6.h:
wherein said embed text format is parsed by said
browser to automatically invoke said executable
application to execute on said client workstation in
order to display said object and enable an end-user
to directly interact with said object within a
display area created at said first location within the
portion of said first distributed hypermedia
document being displayed in said first browsercontrolled window.
906-7.a:
The computer program product of claim 6, wherein
said executable application is a controllable
application and further comprising:
computer readable program code for causing said
client workstation to interactively control said
controllable application on said client workstation
via inter-process communications between said
browser and said controllable application.

Cohen
Cohen discloses that the object has associated type information, that the browser
uses the type information to identify and locate an executable application, and
that the executable application is external to the hypermedia document. See
evidence recited for 906-1.g.
Cohen discloses that the browser parses the embed text format; that the browser
automatically invokes the executable application; that the executable application
displays the object
. See evidence recited for 906-1.h.

Cohen does not explicitly disclose ongoing inter-process communications,
except for the obvious interaction of starting, pausing and stopping the
presentation of multimedia objects.
Cohen does suggest, however, the possibility of ongoing inter-process
communications because it discloses multimedia objects such as spreadsheet
objects that would require ongoing user interaction and therefore, ongoing interprocess communications in order to process those interactions. "Many different
kinds of multimedia objects can be linked into a softcopy book. Multimedia
objects such as high resolution, photographic quality graphics, motion video, or
sound can be supported by the invention. In addition, other functions which can
be included in an expanded definition of multimedia can also be presented, such
as a spread sheet, or an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data
19

Claim Text from ’906 Patent

Cohen
base. " (col. 2, line 63 - col. 3, line 2)
See evidence recited for 906-2.a.

906-8.a:
The computer program product of claim 7, wherein
the communications to interactively control said
controllable application continue to be exchanged
between the controllable application and the
browser even after the controllable application
program has been launched.

Cohen does not explicitly disclose ongoing inter-process communications,
except for the obvious interaction of starting, pausing and stopping the
presentation of multimedia objects.
Cohen does suggest, however, the possibility of ongoing inter-process
communications because it discloses multimedia objects such as spreadsheet
objects that would require ongoing user interaction and therefore, ongoing interprocess communications in order to process those interactions. "Many different
kinds of multimedia objects can be linked into a softcopy book. Multimedia
objects such as high resolution, photographic quality graphics, motion video, or
sound can be supported by the invention. In addition, other functions which can
be included in an expanded definition of multimedia can also be presented, such
as a spread sheet, or an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data
base. " (col. 2, line 63 - col. 3, line 2)
See evidence recited for 906-3.a.

906-11.a:
The method of claim 3, wherein additional
instructions for controlling said controllable
application reside on said network server, wherein
said step of interactively controlling said
controllable application includes the following
substeps:

Cohen discloses additional instructions on the server. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65) Cohen further
discloses that its browser could interoperate with database applications.
"In addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded
definition of multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or
an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2
line 66 through col. 3 line 2)
It would have been obvious to have additional instructions on the server in
20

Claim Text from ’906 Patent
906-11.b:
issuing, from the client workstation, one or more
commands to the network server;

906-11.c:
executing, on the network server, one or more
instructions in response to said commands;

Cohen
view of Cohen's disclosure of network interoperability and database
application interoperability.
Cohen discloses that the client issues commands to the server See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65) Cohen further
discloses that its browser could interoperate with database applications.
"In addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded
definition of multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or
an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2
line 66 through col. 3 line 2)
It would have been obvious for the client to issue commands to the server
in view of Cohen's disclosure of network interoperability and database
application interoperability.
Cohen discloses that the server executes instructions in response to client
commands. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65) Cohen further
discloses that its browser could interoperate with database applications.
"In addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded
definition of multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or
an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2
line 66 through col. 3 line 2)

It would have been obvious for the server to execute in response to
commands in view of Cohen's disclosure of network interoperability and
database application interoperability.
906-11.d:
Cohen discloses that the server responds with information to the client. See, e.g.,
sending information from said network server to
:
said client workstation in response to said executed
Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other

21

Claim Text from ’906 Patent
instructions; and

906-11.e:
processing said information at the client
workstation to interactively control said
controllable application.

Cohen
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65) Cohen further
discloses that its browser could interoperate with database applications.
"In addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded
definition of multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or
an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2
line 66 through col. 3 line 2)
It would have been obvious for the server to respond with information to
the client in view of Cohen's disclosure of network interoperability and
database application interoperability.
Cohen discloses that the client uses information from the server to interactively
control the application. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65) Cohen further
discloses that its browser could interoperate with database applications.
"In addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded
definition of multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or
an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2
line 66 through col. 3 line 2)
It would have been obvious for the client to use information from the
server to control the application in view of Cohen's disclosure of network
interoperability and database application interoperability.

906-13.a:
Cohen discloses additional instructions on the server See evidence recited for
The computer program product of claim 8, wherein 906-11.a.
additional instructions for controlling said
controllable application reside on said network
server, wherein said computer readable program
code for causing said client workstation to
interactively control said controllable application

22

Claim Text from ’906 Patent
on said client workstation includes:
906-13.b:
computer readable program code for causing said
client workstation to issue from the client
workstation, one or more commands to the
network server;
906-13.c:
computer readable program code for causing said
network server to execute one or more instructions
in response to said commands;
906-13.d:
computer readable program code for causing said
network sever to send information to said client
workstation in response to said executed
instructions; and
906-13.e:
computer readable program code for causing said
client workstation to process said information at
the client workstation to interactively control said
controllable application.

Cohen
Cohen discloses that the client issues commands to the server. See evidence
recited for 906-11.b.

Cohen discloses that the server executes instructions in response to client
commands. See evidence recited for 906-11.c.
Cohen discloses that the server responds with information to the client. See
evidence recited for 906-11.d.

Cohen discloses that the client uses information from the server to interactively
control the application. See evidence recited for 906-11.e.

23

INVALIDITY CLAIM CHART FOR U.S. PATENT NO. 7,599,985


BASED ON US PATENT 5,367,621 TO COHEN ET AL., (“COHEN”)

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
985-1.a:
A method for running an application program in a
distributed hypermedia network environment,
wherein the network environment comprises at
least one client workstation and one network
server coupled to the network environment, the
method comprising:

Cohen
Cohen discloses an application program. See, e.g., :
Cohen's disclosure is described in connection with the BookManager
BUILD program. "For example, the IBM BookManager (TM) READ
program helps the user manage, search and look at on-line books. There
are two complementary BookManager products, BookManager BUILD
creates on-line books from files marked-up with Generalized Markup
Language. The BookManager READ product can then manage, search and
show the on-line books created by BookManager BUILD." (col. 1, lines
24-32)
Cohen further discloses "[a] method, program and data processing system
are disclosed, for providing a generalized link from a reference point
within an organized hierarchy of a formatted text stream in an on-line
book, to an arbitrary type multimedia object." (col. 2, lines 11-16)
Cohen discloses a computer network environment. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses a distributed environment, including a LAN and a clientserver environment. "FIG. 4 illustrates a workstation for displaying a
softcopy book, in accordance with the invention. The workstation 200
includes the bus 202 which interconnects the CPU 204, DASD 206,
display and keyboard adapter 208, local area network (LAN) 210, video
adapter 212, audio adapter 214, mouse adapter 216, and the memory 220."
(col. 8, lines 61-67) "The softcopy book file 100 can be downloaded from
a host through the LAN interface 210 to the workstation 200, or alternately
it can be loaded from a diskette on the DASD 206. " (col. 9, lines 27-30)
Cohen further discloses a distributed hypermedia document in that the

24

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
client workstations retrieve and browse on-line documents that include
multimedia. "The link tags described herein specify hypertext links which
are created within on-line documents and between on-line documents.
Using the GML described in the above referenced BookMaster
publications, new tags and concepts described herein enable the creation of
hypertext links within and between on-line documents. In accordance
with the invention disclosed herein, those hypertext links are improved to
represent and present multimedia objects in a manner which is not
constrained by any mechanism which invokes the link. Hypertext links
connect elements in one part of an on-line document to elements in another
part of the same document or in a separate on-line document or in an
external file or data base." (col. 4, lines 34-47)
Cohen discloses a client workstation. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that the browser is on a client workstation. "FIG. 4
illustrates a workstation for displaying a softcopy book, in accordance
with the invention. The workstation 200 includes the bus 202 which
interconnects the CPU 204, DASD 206, display and keyboard adapter 208,
local area network (LAN) 210, video adapter 212, audio adapter 214,
mouse adapter 216, and the memory 220." (col. 8 line 61 – col. 9 line 14).
Cohen further discloses that "[i]t is within the scope of the invention that
the architecture of FIG. 4 can represent a host data processing system or
alternately a self-contained, portable data processor such as a laptop or
palm top personal computer." (col. 9, lines 34-38)
Cohen discloses a network server. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65)
Cohen further discloses that the client workstation downloads documents

25

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
from a network server: "[t]he softcopy book file 100 can be downloaded
from a host through the LAN interface 210 to the workstation 200… ."
(col. 9, lines 27-30). "It is within the scope of the invention that the
architecture of FIG. 4 can represent a host data processing system or
alternately a self-contained, portable data processor such as a laptop or
palm top personal computer." (col. 9, lines 34-38).
Cohen discloses a distributed hypermedia environment. See, e.g., :

985-1.b:

Cohen discloses a distributed environment, including a LAN and a clientserver environment. "FIG. 4 illustrates a workstation for displaying a
softcopy book, in accordance with the invention. The workstation 200
includes the bus 202 which interconnects the CPU 204, DASD 206,
display and keyboard adapter 208, local area network (LAN) 210, video
adapter 212, audio adapter 214, mouse adapter 216, and the memory 220."
(col. 8, lines 61-67) "The softcopy book file 100 can be downloaded from
a host through the LAN interface 210 to the workstation 200, or alternately
it can be loaded from a diskette on the DASD 206. " (col. 9, lines 27-30)
Cohen further discloses a distributed hypermedia document in that the
client workstations retrieve and browse on-line documents that include
multimedia. "The link tags described herein specify hypertext links which
are created within on-line documents and between on-line documents.
Using the GML described in the above referenced BookMaster
publications, new tags and concepts described herein enable the creation of
hypertext links within and between on-line documents. In accordance
with the invention disclosed herein, those hypertext links are improved to
represent and present multimedia objects in a manner which is not
constrained by any mechanism which invokes the link. Hypertext links
connect elements in one part of an on-line document to elements in another
part of the same document or in a separate on-line document or in an
external file or data base." (col. 4, lines 34-47)
Cohen discloses a browser application. See, e.g., :

26

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
receiving, at the client workstation from the
network server over the network environment, at
least one file containing information to enable a
browser application to display at least a portion of
a distributed hypermedia document within a
browser-controlled window;

Cohen
Cohen discloses "[h]ypertext links [that] connect elements in one part of
an on-line document to elements in another part of the same document or
in a separate on-line document or in an external file or data base. Links
can be thought of as similar to cross-references in a printed document. For
example, while reading about a topic in an encyclopedia, the reader may
come across a reference to another topic. The reader of the hardcopy book
will place a finger on the page that references the topic and will turn back
to the new referenced page. The reader has just created a link from one
part of the hardcopy document to another. In printed documents, a reader
turns to related information. In an on-line softcopy document, the
BookManager program creates a link to related information, and the online reader can then display that information. The way a reader selects a
reference for BookManager to display can be by using a pointing device
such as a mouse to activate a link tag in the displayed text. A previously
stored address pointer relates the link tag to the target portion of the
document to which the link tag refers. The target may also be another
document." (col. 4, lines 44-55)
Cohen discloses a file containing enabling information. See, e.g., :
Cohen describes file containing enabling information in the form of a
formatted text stream. "The method begins by storing a formatted text
stream in the data processing system. The formatted text stream includes a
link description which contains multimedia type information, object
location information and multimedia control information for a target
multimedia object. The formatted text stream further includes a link tag
associated with the link description, which identifies a source location in
the formatted text stream from which a link is established to the target
multimedia object." (col. 2, lines 10-26)
Cohen provides examples of syntax for the formatted text stream in
columns 5 through 7.

27

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
Cohen discloses that the file is received at the client workstation from the
network server. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that the client workstation receives a file from a network
server: "[t]he softcopy book file 100 can be downloaded from a host
through the LAN interface 210 to the workstation 200… ." (col. 9, lines
27-30). "It is within the scope of the invention that the architecture of
FIG. 4 can represent a host data processing system or alternately a selfcontained, portable data processor such as a laptop or palm top personal
computer." (col. 9, lines 34-38).
Cohen discloses that the browser displays at least a portion of a distributed
hypermedia document. See, e.g., :
Cohen's disclosure is directed to the BookManager READ browser, and
describes a browser that displays documents: "a softcopy book reading
program whose presentation format primarily displays on a monitor
display screen." (col. 3, line 65 - col. 4, line 1)
Cohen further discloses: "For example, the IBM BookManager (TM)
READ program helps the user manage, search and look at on-line books.
There are two complementary BookManager products, BookManager
BUILD creates on-line books from files marked-up with Generalized
Markup Language. The BookManager READ product can then manage,
search and show the on-line books created by BookManager BUILD."
(col. 1 lines 24-32)
Cohen further describes the mechanics by which the hypermedia
document is displayed: "The display buffer 238 stores the resulting picture
displayed on the monitor display screen 208. Currently, the graphics 190'
and the text 174' are shown in the display buffer 238 of FIG. 4." (col. 9,
lines 22-26)
Cohen discloses that the browser displays hypermedia documents. "The

28

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
resulting invention provides a generalized link from a reference point
within an organized hierarchy of text in a softcopy on-line book, to an
arbitrary multimedia object which may be represented by data from an
internal object within the softcopy book, or alternately from external files
or external data bases. This enables multimedia objects such as high
resolution photographic quality graphics, motion video, sound or
animation to be supported, as specified by the author at the time of writing
his book. The author may also provide for alternate multimedia objects to
be displayed where particular specified multimedia hardware or software
is not present in a user's workstation." (col. 15, lines 30-43).
Cohen discloses that at least a portion of a hypermedia document is displayed in
a browser-controlled window. See, e.g., :
Cohen's disclosure is directed to the BookManager READ browser, and
describes " a softcopy book reading program whose presentation format
primarily displays on a monitor display screen." (col. 3, line 65 - col. 4,
line 1)
Cohen further discloses: "For example, the IBM BookManager (TM)
READ program helps the user manage, search and look at on-line books.
There are two complementary BookManager products, BookManager
BUILD creates on-line books from files marked-up with Generalized
Markup Language. The BookManager READ product can then manage,
search and show the on-line books created by BookManager BUILD."
(col. 1 lines 24-32)
Cohen further describes the mechanics by which the hypermedia
document is displayed: "The display buffer 238 stores the resulting picture
displayed on the monitor display screen 208. Currently, the graphics 190'
and the text 174' are shown in the display buffer 238 of FIG. 4." (col. 9,
lines 22-26)
Cohen further discloses an "application window." (col. 6, lines 27-29)
Cohen discloses that the browser displays hypermedia documents. "The

29

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

985-1.c:
executing the browser application on the client
workstation, with the browser application:

985-1.d:
responding to text formats to initiate processing

Cohen
resulting invention provides a generalized link from a reference point
within an organized hierarchy of text in a softcopy on-line book, to an
arbitrary multimedia object which may be represented by data from an
internal object within the softcopy book, or alternately from external files
or external data bases. This enables multimedia objects such as high
resolution photographic quality graphics, motion video, sound or
animation to be supported, as specified by the author at the time of writing
his book. The author may also provide for alternate multimedia objects to
be displayed where particular specified multimedia hardware or software
is not present in a user's workstation." (col. 15, lines 30-43).
Cohen discloses a browser application executing on the client workstation. See,
e.g., :
Cohen discloses "[h]ypertext links [that] connect elements in one part of
an on-line document to elements in another part of the same document or
in a separate on-line document or in an external file or data base. Links
can be thought of as similar to cross-references in a printed document. For
example, while reading about a topic in an encyclopedia, the reader may
come across a reference to another topic. The reader of the hardcopy book
will place a finger on the page that references the topic and will turn back
to the new referenced page. The reader has just created a link from one
part of the hardcopy document to another. In printed documents, a reader
turns to related information. In an on-line softcopy document, the
BookManager program creates a link to related information, and the online reader can then display that information. The way a reader selects a
reference for BookManager to display can be by using a pointing device
such as a mouse to activate a link tag in the displayed text. A previously
stored address pointer relates the link tag to the target portion of the
document to which the link tag refers. The target may also be another
document." (col. 4, lines 44-55)
Cohen discloses responding to text formats to initiate processing specified by the
text formats, i.e., parsing text formats. See, e.g., :

30

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
specified by the text formats;

Cohen
Cohen discloses that the text formats from its formatted text stream is
parsed to identify markup tags. "The softcopy book READ program 400
operates on the book text and its tags in the page buffer 236 and constructs
the memory image of the picture to be displayed, which is stored in the
display buffer 238 of the memory 220. In step 412, the link tags are
located in the softcopy book text. In particular, the link tags 164, 168 and
172 in the book text of FIG. 1b are located." (col. 10, lines 29-36). See
also col. 11 line 40 (describing parsing of DATA string).

985-1.e:
displaying at least a portion of the document
within the browser-controlled window;

Cohen discloses that the browser displays a hypermedia document. See, e.g., :
Cohen's disclosure is directed to the BookManager READ browser, and
describes a browser that displays documents: "a softcopy book reading
program whose presentation format primarily displays on a monitor
display screen." (col. 3, line 65 - col. 4, line 1)
Cohen further discloses: "For example, the IBM BookManager (TM)
READ program helps the user manage, search and look at on-line books.
There are two complementary BookManager products, BookManager
BUILD creates on-line books from files marked-up with Generalized
Markup Language. The BookManager READ product can then manage,
search and show the on-line books created by BookManager BUILD."
(col. 1 lines 24-32)
Cohen further describes the mechanics by which the hypermedia
document is displayed: "The display buffer 238 stores the resulting picture
displayed on the monitor display screen 208. Currently, the graphics 190'
and the text 174' are shown in the display buffer 238 of FIG. 4." (col. 9,
lines 22-26)
Cohen discloses that the browser displays hypermedia documents. "The
resulting invention provides a generalized link from a reference point
within an organized hierarchy of text in a softcopy on-line book, to an
arbitrary multimedia object which may be represented by data from an

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internal object within the softcopy book, or alternately from external files
or external data bases. This enables multimedia objects such as high
resolution photographic quality graphics, motion video, sound or
animation to be supported, as specified by the author at the time of writing
his book. The author may also provide for alternate multimedia objects to
be displayed where particular specified multimedia hardware or software
is not present in a user's workstation." (col. 15, lines 30-43).
Cohen discloses that a hypermedia document is displayed in a browser window.
See, e.g., :
Cohen's disclosure is directed to the BookManager READ browser, and
describes " a softcopy book reading program whose presentation format
primarily displays on a monitor display screen." (col. 3, line 65 - col. 4,
line 1)
Cohen further discloses: "For example, the IBM BookManager (TM)
READ program helps the user manage, search and look at on-line books.
There are two complementary BookManager products, BookManager
BUILD creates on-line books from files marked-up with Generalized
Markup Language. The BookManager READ product can then manage,
search and show the on-line books created by BookManager BUILD."
(col. 1 lines 24-32)
Cohen further describes the mechanics by which the hypermedia
document is displayed: "The display buffer 238 stores the resulting picture
displayed on the monitor display screen 208. Currently, the graphics 190'
and the text 174' are shown in the display buffer 238 of FIG. 4." (col. 9,
lines 22-26)
Cohen further discloses an "application window." (col. 6, lines 27-29)
Cohen discloses that the browser displays hypermedia documents. "The
resulting invention provides a generalized link from a reference point
within an organized hierarchy of text in a softcopy on-line book, to an
arbitrary multimedia object which may be represented by data from an

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985-1.f:
identifying an embed text format which
corresponds to a first location in the document,
where the embed text format specifies the location
of at least a portion of an object external to the file,
where the object has type information associated
with it;

Cohen
internal object within the softcopy book, or alternately from external files
or external data bases. This enables multimedia objects such as high
resolution photographic quality graphics, motion video, sound or
animation to be supported, as specified by the author at the time of writing
his book. The author may also provide for alternate multimedia objects to
be displayed where particular specified multimedia hardware or software
is not present in a user's workstation." (col. 15, lines 30-43).
Cohen discloses identifying an embed text format. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses identifying the LID tag. "The softcopy book READ
program 400 operates on the book text and its tags in the page buffer 236
and constructs the memory image of the picture to be displayed, which is
stored in the display buffer 238 of the memory 220. In step 412, the link
tags are located in the softcopy book text. In particular, the link tags 164,
168 and 172 in the book text of FIG.1b are located." (col. 10, lines 20-36)
Cohen further discloses identifying the LDESC tag.
"The link tag and the LID attribute identifies the link descriptor LDESC
tag that specifies a link." (col. 6 line 69 through col. 7 line 2).
Cohen discloses that the embed text format corresponds to a first location in the
hypermedia document. See, e.g., :
During document parsing, the location of an LID is determined. This is
considered a first location in the hypermedia document. Subsequent
parsing and resultant action proceeds from this location. "An authordefined link is created by the book's author to establish a relationship
between a source location within the softcopy text and a target location
within the same text or the text in another softcopy book. The author will
place a link tag in the location of the softcopy book which is the source or
referencing location. Then the author will include a link description tag at
the beginning of the softcopy book, which describes the information
necessary to create a link from the source link tag to the target location."

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(col. 4, line 66 through col. 5, line 7).
As one example: "Turning now to FIG. 1, the softcopy book file 100 is
shown which includes the link description tags 102 shown in greater detail
in FIG. 1a, the book text with tags 104 shown in greater detail in FIG. 1b,
the internal animation object 106 shown in greater detail in FIG. 1c, the
internal audio object 108 shown in greater detail in FIG. 1d, and the
internal graphics object 110 shown in greater detail in FIG. 1e. The
location of the link description tags, book text and internal objects is
identified in the file index 105 which stores the location offset values for
each in the book file 100. In FIG. 1a, the link description tags 102 include
three tags. A first tag 120 for a video object type, a second tag 140 for an
audio object type, and a third tag 150 for a graphic object type. FIG. 1b
shows the book text with tags 104. The softcopy book text includes a first
portion 160 which is a heading denoted by :Hl. The second section 162 is
a paragraph denoted by :P. The third section 164 is a multimedia hypertext
link denoted by the beginning tag :L and the ending tag :eL. The link
identification LID=eleph_movie for the link 164, relates the tag 164 to the
link descriptor tag 120 of FIG. 1a." (col. 7, lines 31-54)
In Cohen, the LDESC embed text formats are kept in the prologue of the
document. This was actually a feature, because it allowed an author to
define the embed text format once, and then re-use that text format within
the hypermedia document using a shorter link identification tag, without
needing to re-type the full LDESC text format. "The link identification
LID=eleph_movie for the link 164, relates the tag 164 to the link
descriptor tag 120 of FIG. 1a." (col. 7, lines 50-54).
Accordingly, it would have been obvious to use LDESC text formats
within the document's formatted text stream such that the embed text
format corresponds to a first location in a hypermedia document.
Cohen discloses that the embed text format specifies the location of an object.
See, e.g., :

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The LDESC tag includes an OBJECT attribute that specifies the location
of an object by identifying that object. (See col. 5 lines 44-49). In
addition, Cohen discloses that the formatted text stream includes object
location information. "The formatted text stream includes a link
description which contains multimedia type information, object location
information and multimedia control information for a target multimedia
object. The formatted text stream further includes a link tag associated
with the link description, which identifies a source location in the
formatted text stream from which a link is established to the target
multimedia object." (col. 2, lines 18-26)
Cohen discloses that the object is external to the file containing enabling
information. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that "[t]he resulting invention provides a generalized link
from a reference point within an organized hierarchy of text in a softcopy
on-line book, to an arbitrary multimedia object which may be represented
by data from an internal object within the softcopy book, or alternately
from external files or external data bases." (col. 15, lines 31-36)
For example, for a video object, Cohen describes that "[t]he softcopy book
file 100 of FIG. 1 can be stored on a magnetic diskette on the DASD 206
or it can be stored on a compact disk as a separate file from the external
video object 195 which would be stored as its own file on the same
compact disk. Alternately, the external video object 195 can be stored in
another storage medium separate from that for the softcopy book file 100.
If the video object 195 of FIG. 2 were an internal object, it would be
encapsulated as a part of the softcopy book file 100, in a manner similar to
the incorporation of internal object 106, 108 or 110 in FIG. 1." (col. 8,
lines 16-26)
Cohen discloses that the object has associated type information. See, e.g., :

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Cohen discloses the use of an object’s multimedia type information. “The
method then continues by storing a multimedia handler program in the
data processing system, the handler program controlling operations of a
multimedia output device characterized by the multimedia type
information.” (col. 2, lines 31-35)
Cohen also discloses that objects have type information indicated by the
OBJTYPE attribute of the LDESC tag. "OBJTYPE=object-type,
Identifies the type of information the author wants to create a link to. The
object-type can be one of the following values:
PROGRAM/ANIMATION/VIDEO/AUDIO/GRAPHIC/IMAGE. " (col.
5, lines 49-54)
For example, "In FIG. 1a, the link description tags 102 include three tags.
A first tag 120 for a video object type, a second tag 130 for an audio
object type, and a third tag 150 for a graphic object type." (col. 7, lines 4245)
The LDESC tag also includes a DATA attribute that serves to provide type
information. "The data for the link descriptor tag 120 is 'video.exe CD
Video File Format A'. Step 424 of the flow diagram of FIG. 6 gets that
DATA string and outputs it in step 426 to start the execution of the I/O
handler 15 program specified in the string. Then step 426 goes to step 420.
The string 'video.exe CD Video File Format A' specifies the I/O handler
program video.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7a." (col. 11,
lines 12-19)
985-1.g:
Cohen discloses that the browser uses type information to identify and locate an
utilizing the type information to identify and locate executable application. See, e.g., :
an executable application external to the file; and
Cohen discloses the use of an object’s multimedia type information. “The
method then continues by storing a multimedia handler program in the
data processing system, the handler program controlling operations of a
multimedia output device characterized by the multimedia type
information.” (col. 2, lines 31-35)
Using the DATA attribute by way of example, Cohen discloses: "With

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reference to the graphic object type link descriptor 150 of FIG. 1a, the
string 'graph.exe \ GOCA Format C' is output by the softcopy book READ
program 400 to begin execution of the specified I/O handler program,
namely graph.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7c." (col. 10,
lines 54-60) As another example, "The data for the link descriptor tag
120 is 'video.exe CD Video File Format A'. Step 424 of the flow diagram
of FIG. 6 gets that DATA string and outputs it in step 426 to start the
execution of the I/O handler program specified in the string. Then step 426
goes to step 420. The string 'video.exe CD Video File Format A' specifies
the I/O handler program video.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG.
7a." (col. 11, lines 12-19)
Cohen discloses still other examples of executable applications that are
identified and located: "The profile 300 includes the hardware types for a
particular I/O function, characteristics for each hardware type, and the
software drivers which enable the application programs and I/O handler
programs to interact with the particular I/O hardware or software. For
example, if the I/O function is audio, the user's workstation profile 300
shows that there is a stereo high fi connected through the audio adapter
214 to the workstation 200. The workstation profile 300 further describes
that the stereo high fi hardware has, among its other characteristics, a
frequency response of 20 to 20000 Hertz and it can handle delta mod data
in FORMAT B. Still further, the workstation file 300 shows that there are
three software drivers available for producing an audio output. The first
software driver is "CD__AUDIO.DVR" which is a software driver which
enables an audio object stored on a compact disk player which may be
connected through the video adapter 212, for example, to transfer the
audio data from the audio object to the stereo high fi to produce the audio
presentation. The second software driver for the audio I/O function is
"TAPE__AUDIO.DVR." This audio driver enables an audio object stored
on a tape drive, such as can be connected through a suitable adapter to the
bus 202, to output audio data from the audio object stored thereon to the
stereo high fi for the audio presentation. The third software driver for the

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audio I/O function is "AUDIO__DATA.DVR." This driver enables an
audio object such as the internal audio object 108 in FIG. 1b, to have its
audio data transferred to the stereo high fi hardware for the audio
presentation." (col. 9, line 41 through col. 10, line 4)
Cohen discloses that the executable application is external to the file containing
enabling information. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses the use of an object’s multimedia type information. “The
method then continues by storing a multimedia handler program in the
data processing system, the handler program controlling operations of a
multimedia output device characterized by the multimedia type
information.” (col. 2, lines 31-35)
Using the DATA attribute by way of example, Cohen discloses: "With
reference to the graphic object type link descriptor 150 of FIG. 1a, the
string 'graph.exe \ GOCA Format C' is output by the softcopy book READ
program 400 to begin execution of the specified I/O handler program,
namely graph.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7c." (col. 10,
lines 54-60) As another example, "The data for the link descriptor tag
120 is 'video.exe CD Video File Format A'. Step 424 of the flow diagram
of FIG. 6 gets that DATA string and outputs it in step 426 to start the
execution of the I/O handler program specified in the string. Then step 426
goes to step 420. The string 'video.exe CD Video File Format A' specifies
the I/O handler program video.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG.
7a." (col. 11, lines 12-19) These executable applications are external to
the file containing enabling information.
Cohen discloses still other examples of executable applications that are
external to the file containing enabling information: "The profile 300
includes the hardware types for a particular I/O function, characteristics
for each hardware type, and the software drivers which enable the
application programs and I/O handler programs to interact with the
particular I/O hardware or software. For example, if the I/O function is

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Claim Text from ’985 Patent

985-1.h:
automatically invoking the executable application,
in response to the identifying of the embed text
format, to execute on the client workstation in
order to display the object and enable an end-user
to directly interact with the object while the object
is being displayed within a display area created at
the first location within the portion of the
hypermedia document being displayed in the
browser-controlled window.

Cohen
audio, the user's workstation profile 300 shows that there is a stereo high fi
connected through the audio adapter 214 to the workstation 200. The
workstation profile 300 further describes that the stereo high fi hardware
has, among its other characteristics, a frequency response of 20 to 20000
Hertz and it can handle delta mod data in FORMAT B.
Still further, the workstation file 300 shows that there are three software
drivers available for producing an audio output. The first software driver is
"CD__AUDIO.DVR" which is a software driver which enables an audio
object stored on a compact disk player which may be connected through
the video adapter 212, for example, to transfer the audio data from the
audio object to the stereo high fi to produce the audio presentation. The
second software driver for the audio I/O function is
"TAPE__AUDIO.DVR." This audio driver enables an audio object stored
on a tape drive, such as can be connected through a suitable adapter to the
bus 202, to output audio data from the audio object stored thereon to the
stereo high fi for the audio presentation. The third software driver for the
audio I/O function is "AUDIO__DATA.DVR." This driver enables an
audio object such as the internal audio object 108 in FIG. 1b, to have its
audio data transferred to the stereo high fi hardware for the audio
presentation." (col. 9, line 41 through col. 10, line 4)
Cohen discloses that the browser parses the embed text format. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that an embed text format is discovered by parsing an
LID tag. This tag in turn points to an LDESC tag, which is also
subsequently parsed.
"The softcopy book READ program 400 operates on the book text and its
tags in the page buffer 236 and constructs the memory image of the
picture to be displayed, which is stored in the display buffer 238 of the
memory 220. In step 412, the link tags are located in the softcopy book
text. In particular, the link tags 164, 168 and 172 in the book text of FIG.
1b are located." (col. 10, lines 29-36). See also col. 11 line 40 (describing
parsing of DATA string).

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Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
Cohen discloses automatic invocation of the executable application. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses an attribute of the LDESC tag called AUTOLAUNCH
that defines how to invoke or launch multimedia: either automatically the
first time the page appears or in the alternative, only upon explicit
selection. (col. 6 lines 13-17).
Cohen goes on to disclose this feature in more detail: "Then in step 414, a
determination is made as to whether any link tags have a link description
with the AUTOLAUNCH parameter equaling 'yes' in the corresponding
link descriptor tag. Reference to the link description tag 102 in FIG. 1a
will show that the first link description tag 120 has AUTOLAUNCH equal
to no, the second link tag 140 has AUTOLAUNCH equal to no. However,
the third link tag 150 has AUTOLAUNCH equal to yes. The link
descriptor tag 150 is for a graphic object type, and refers to the internal
graphics object 110 of FIG. 1e. In step 416 of FIG. 6, if an
AUTOLAUNCH parameter is equal to 'yes,' then the program gets the
DATA string from the link description. Reference to FIG. 1a will show
that the link description tag 150 has the DATA='graph.exe \ GOCA
Format C'. Then in step 418 of FIG. 6, the program outputs the data string
to start the execution of the I/O handler program specified in the string.
This is followed by the step 418 going to step 420. With reference to the
graphic object type link descriptor 150 of FIG. 1a, the string 'graph.exe \
GOCA Format C' is output by the softcopy book READ program 400 to
begin execution of the specified I/O handler program, namely graph.exe,
whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7c." (col. 10, lines 36-60)
Cohen discloses that the executable application displays the object. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses executable applications that display objects. For
example, Cohen discloses an executable video.exe that displays objects as
indicated in Figure 7a. "The video handler program whose flow diagram

40

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
is shown in FIG. 7a, will now be described. In step 502, the softcopy book
READ program 400 outputs the DATA string, and this step 562
corresponds to either step 418 or step 426 of the softcopy book READ
program 400 of FIG. 6. In the example of activating the link tag 164 in the
softcopy book text 104 of FIG. 1b, this is the link to initiate the
multimedia video display of a motion picture of an African elephant
family." (col. 11, lines 30-38) "In step 508 of the video handler program
of FIG. 7a, it is determined whether the workstation profile includes the
required video support. Since the profile 300 indicates that the support is
present in the workstation 200, the flow proceeds to step 524 which
outputs the DATA string 'CD Video File Format A' and other control
information necessary for the playing of the video information from the
compact disk player which is connected through the video adapter 212 to
the workstation and the presentation of the resulting motion picture on the
display 208 at the workstation. Step 524 accesses the necessary data form
the external video object 195 of FIG. 2 as specified by the object name
'family__clip.vid', which is the file handle for the video object 195 on the
compact disk device, and the STORE=external parameters in the link
descriptor 120 of FIG. 1a. The data from the object is transferred to the
software driver CD_VIDEO.DVR, specified in the workstation profile
300, and the software driver controls the presentation of the motion picture
received from the video adapter 212 for display on the display 208. Step
526 of FIG. 7a displays the CD video on the display 208." (col. 12, lines
1-23)
As another example, Cohen discloses a graph.exe executable application
that displays objects as indicated in Figure 7c.
Cohen does not explicitly disclose direct interaction with an object, except
for the obvious interaction of starting, pausing and stopping the
presentation of multimedia objects.
Cohen does suggest, however, the possibility of direct interaction because
it discloses a variety of multimedia objects, including those that inherently

41

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Cohen
require user interaction, such as spreadsheet objects. "Many different
kinds of multimedia objects can be linked into a softcopy book.
Multimedia objects such as high resolution, photographic quality graphics,
motion video, or sound can be supported by the invention. In addition,
other functions which can be included in an expanded definition of
multimedia can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or an
engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2,
line 63 - col. 3, line 2)
Cohen does not explicitly disclose direct interaction with an object, except
for the obvious interaction of starting, pausing and stopping the
presentation of multimedia objects.
Cohen does suggest, however, the possibility of direct interaction because
it discloses a variety of multimedia objects, including those that inherently
require user interaction at the first location, such as spreadsheet objects.
"Many different kinds of multimedia objects can be linked into a softcopy
book. Multimedia objects such as high resolution, photographic quality
graphics, motion video, or sound can be supported by the invention. In
addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded definition
of multimedia can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or an
engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base. " (col. 2,
line 63 - col. 3, line 2)
Cohen discloses that the object is displayed on an auxiliary display device
and not at a first location in the hypermedia document, i.e. the location of
an LID tag determined by parsing. Therefore there is no disclosure that
interaction with an object, if possible, could be at the first location in the
document.

985-2.a:
The method of claim 1 where: the information to
enable comprises text formats.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file is text formats. See,
e.g., :
Cohen discloses a formatted text stream in accordance with a generalized

42

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Cohen
markup language.
The BookManager BUILD and BookManager READ program products
use on-line, softcopy books which are formatted using the Generalized
Markup Language (GML)… ." (col. 4 lines 20-23.)
"The method begins by storing a formatted text stream in the data
processing system. The formatted text stream includes a link description
which contains multimedia type information, object location information
and multimedia control information for a target multimedia object. The
formatted text stream further includes a link tag associated with the link
description, which identifies a source location in the formatted text stream
from which a link is established to the target multimedia object." (col. 2,
lines 10-26)
Cohen provides examples of text formats at columns 5 through 7.

985-3.a:
The method of claim 2 where the text formats are
HTML tags.

985-4.a:
The method of claim 1 where the information
contained in the file received comprises at least
one embed text format.

Cohen discloses a formatted text stream in accordance with a generalized
markup language.
"The BookManager BUILD and BookManager READ program products
use on-line, softcopy books which are formatted using the Generalized
Markup Language (GML)… ." (col. 4 lines 20-23.)
The use of HTML tags was not disclosed by Cohen but it would have been
obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to use HTML instead of
GML.
Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file includes an embed text
format. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses link description tags (LDESC) and link identification tags
(LID).
The format for LDESC is set forth in column 5 line 12 through column 6
line 64. The LID is set forth at column 7 lines 3 through 30.

43

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
985-5.a:
The method of claim 1 where the step of
identifying an embed text format comprises:
parsing the received file to identify text formats
included in the received file.

Cohen
Cohen discloses that the embed text format is identified by parsing the file
containing enabling information. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that an embed text format is discovered by parsing an
LID tag. This tag in turn points to an LDESC tag, which is also
subsequently parsed.
"The softcopy book READ program 400 operates on the book text and its
tags in the page buffer 236 and constructs the memory image of the
picture to be displayed, which is stored in the display buffer 238 of the
memory 220. In step 412, the link tags are located in the softcopy book
text. In particular, the link tags 164, 168 and 172 in the book text of FIG.
1b are located." (col. 10, lines 29-36). See also col. 11 line 40 (describing
parsing of DATA string).

985-6.a:
The method of claim 5 where the parsing is by a
parser in the browser.

Cohen discloses that the parser is in the browser See, e.g., :

985-7.a:
The method of claim 1 where the processing
specified by the text formats is specified directly.

Cohen discloses that the text formats directly specify the processing. See, e.g., :

Cohen discloses that the browser includes the parser. "The softcopy book
READ program 400 operates on the book text and its tags in the page
buffer 236 and constructs the memory image of the picture to be
displayed, which is stored in the display buffer 238 of the memory 220. In
step 412, the link tags are located in the softcopy book text. In particular,
the link tags 164, 168 and 172 in the book text of FIG. 1b are located."
(col. 10, lines 29-36).

Cohen discloses a formatted text stream in accordance with a generalized
markup language.
The BookManager BUILD and BookManager READ program products
use on-line, softcopy books which are formatted using the Generalized
Markup Language (GML)… ." (col. 4 lines 20-23.)
"The method begins by storing a formatted text stream in the data

44

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Cohen
processing system. The formatted text stream includes a link description
which contains multimedia type information, object location information
and multimedia control information for a target multimedia object. The
formatted text stream further includes a link tag associated with the link
description, which identifies a source location in the formatted text stream
from which a link is established to the target multimedia object." (col. 2,
lines 10-26)
Cohen provides examples of text formats at columns 5 through 7.
These text formats directly specify processing. By way of example only,
"LDESC is the link tag which identifies the information that the author
wishes to create a link to that follows the DOCDESC tag in the prologue
of the softcopy document, and must have a DOCID attribute that points to
the DOCDESC tag. The link tag: L and its matching end tag: eL enclose a
word or phrase in the body of the document that the author wants to create
a link from. The LID attribute refers to one or more LDESC document
link tags." (col. 7, lines 22-30)
Also, "FIG. 1b shows the book text with tags 104. The softcopy book text
includes a first portion 160 which is a heading denoted by :Hl. The second
section 162 is a paragraph denoted by :P. The third section 164 is a
multimedia hypertext link denoted by the beginning tag :L and the ending
tag :eL. The link identification LID=eleph_movie for the link 164, relates
the tag 164 to the link descriptor tag 120 of FIG. 1a. Continuing if FIG.
1b, the portion 166 is a paragraph, as denoted by the tag :P. The portion
168 is another hypertext multimedia link, as denoted by the begin tag :L
and the end tag :eL. The link identifier LID=elph_sound for the link 168,
relates it to the link descriptor tag 140 in FIG. 1a. In FIG. 1b, the portion
170 is a paragraph as denoted by the tag :P. The portion 172 is another
hypertext multimedia link, as denoted by the begin tag :L and the
corresponding end tag :eL. The link identification LID=pop_graphic for
the link 172 relates it to the link descriptor tag 150 in FIG. 1a." (col. 7,
lines 46-66)

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Claim Text from ’985 Patent
985-8.a:
The method of claim 1 where the correspondence
is implied by the order of the text format in a set of
all of the text formats.

985-9.a:
The method of claim 1 where the embed text
format specifies the location of at least a portion of
an object directly.

Cohen
Cohen discloses that the correspondence is implied by the order of text formats.
See, e.g., :
On Cohen, the correspondence of displayed objects was implied by the
order of link identification ("LID") tags. By way of example, Cohen
discloses in col. 7 lines 46-60 on example of how tags correspond to
locations within the hypermedia document. (See also Figure 1b)
In Cohen, the LDESC embed text formats are kept in the prologue of the
document. This was actually a feature, because it allowed an author to
define the embed text format once, and then re-use that text format within
the hypermedia document using a shorter link identification tag, without
needing to re-type the full LDESC text format. "The link identification
LID=eleph_movie for the link 164, relates the tag 164 to the link
descriptor tag 120 of FIG. 1a." (col. 7, lines 50-54).
Accordingly, it would have been obvious to use LDESC text formats
within the document's formatted text stream such that the correspondence
would be implied by the order of the LDESC text format.

The embed text format, an instance of an LID tag, does not directly specify the
location of an object. Rather, it references an LDESC tag which directly
specifies the location of an object.
The LDESC tag includes an OBJECT attribute that specifies the location of an
object directly by identifying that object. (See col. 5 lines 44-49). In addition,
Cohen discloses that the formatted text stream includes an object's direct location
information. "The formatted text stream includes a link description which
contains multimedia type information, object location information and
multimedia control information for a target multimedia object. The formatted
text stream further includes a link tag associated with the link description, which
identifies a source location in the formatted text stream from which a link is
established to the target multimedia object." (col. 2, lines 18-26)
46

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen

985-10.a:
The method of claim 1 where having type
information associated is by including type
information in the embed text format.

Cohen discloses that the type information is in the embed text format. See, e.g., :

985-11.a:
The method of claim 1 where automatically
invoking does not require interactive action by the
user.

Cohen discloses that automatic invocation does not require interactive action by
the user. See, e.g., :

Cohen discloses that the embed text format, which is discovered by
parsing an LID tag, contains type information by implication. This ensues
from the LID tag reference to a corresponding LDESC tag stored in the
document prologue. There, type is indicated by the OBJTYPE attribute of
the LDESC tag. "OBJTYPE=object-type, Identifies the type of
information the author wants to create a link to. The object-type can be
one of the following values:
PROGRAM/ANIMATION/VIDEO/AUDIO/GRAPHIC/IMAGE. " (col.
5, lines 49-54)
By way of example, "In FIG. 1a, the link description tags 102 include
three tags. A first tag 120 for a video object type, a second tag 130 for an
audio object type, and a third tag 150 for a graphic object type." (col. 7,
lines 42-45)
The LDESC tag also includes a DATA attribute in the embed text format
that serves to provide type information. "The data for the link descriptor
tag 120 is 'video.exe CD Video File Format A'. Step 424 of the flow
diagram of FIG. 6 gets that DATA string and outputs it in step 426 to start
the execution of the I/O handler 15 program specified in the string. Then
step 426 goes to step 420. The string 'video.exe CD Video File Format A'
specifies the I/O handler program video.exe, whose flow diagram is shown
in FIG. 7a." (col. 11, lines 12-19)

Cohen discloses an attribute of the LDESC tag called AUTOLAUNCH
that defines how to invoke or launch multimedia: either automatically the
first time the page appears, or in the alternative only upon explicit

47

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
selection. (col. 6 lines 13-17).
Cohen goes on to disclose this feature in more detail: "Then in step 414, a
determination is made as to whether any link tags have a link description
with the AUTOLAUNCH parameter equaling 'yes' in the corresponding
link descriptor tag. Reference to the link description tag 102 in FIG. 1a
will show that the first link description tag 120 has AUTOLAUNCH equal
to no, the second link tag 140 has AUTOLAUNCH equal to no. However,
the third link tag 150 has AUTOLAUNCH equal to yes. The link
descriptor tag 150 is for a graphic object type, and refers to the internal
graphics object 110 of FIG. 1e. In step 416 of FIG. 6, if an
AUTOLAUNCH parameter is equal to 'yes,' then the program gets the
DATA string from the link description. Reference to FIG. 1a will show
that the link description tag 150 has the DATA='graph.exe \ GOCA
Format C'. Then in step 418 of FIG. 6, the program outputs the data string
to start the execution of the I/O handler program specified in the string.
This is followed by the step 418 going to step 420. With reference to the
graphic object type link descriptor 150 of FIG. 1a, the string 'graph.exe \
GOCA Format C' is output by the softcopy book READ program 400 to
begin execution of the specified I/O handler program, namely graph.exe,
whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7c." (col. 10, lines 36-60)

985-16.a:
One or more computer readable media encoded
with software comprising computer executable
instructions, for use in a distributed hypermedia
network environment, wherein the network
environment comprises at least one client
workstation and one network server coupled to the
network environment, and when the software is
executed operable to:

Cohen discloses computer code physically embodied on a medium. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that the BookManager READ program to which Cohen's
disclosure is directed is stored on computer code physically embodied on a
medium: "Also stored in the memory 220 is the softcopy book READ
program 400 of FIG. 6, the I/O handler programs 500, 530 and 560 of
FIGS. 7a, 7b and 7c, respectively, and the drivers and operating system
590. The CPU 204 of FIG. 4, executes the instructions embodied in the
program 400 and in the handler programs 500, 530 and 560, in accordance
with the invention." (col. 9, lines 6-13.)
Cohen further discloses that "FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of the softcopy

48

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

985-16.b:
receive, at the client workstation from the network
server over the network environment, at least one
file containing information to enable a browser
application to display at least a portion of a
distributed hypermedia document within a
browser-controlled window;
985-16.c:
cause the client workstation to utilize the browser
to:
985-16.d:
respond to text formats to initiate processing
specified by the text formats;
985-16.e:
display at least a portion of the document within
the browser-controlled window;
985-16.f:
identify an embed text format corresponding to a
first location in the document, the embed text
format specifying the location of at least a portion
of an object external to the file, with the object
having type information associated with it;
985-16.g:
utilize the type information to identify and locate
an executable application external to the file; and

Cohen
book READ program 400, in accordance with the invention. The program
resides in a partition of the memory 220 of the workstation in FIG. 4, or
alternately in the memory of a host processor in a host data processing
system. " (col. 10, lines 12-16)
Cohen discloses a client workstation and a network server in a distributed
hypermedia environment. See evidence recited for 985-1.a.
Cohen discloses a browser application; a file containing enabling information
received from a server; that the browser displays at least a portion of a
distributed hypermedia document; and that the display is in a browser-controlled
window. See evidence recited for 985-1.b.

Cohen discloses a browser application executing on the client workstation. See
evidence recited for 985-1.c.
Cohen discloses parsing text formats. See evidence recited for 985-1.d.
Cohen discloses displaying at least a portion of the document within the
browser-controlled window. See evidence recited for 985-1.e.
Cohen discloses identifying an embed text format; that the embed text format
corresponds to a first location in a hypermedia document; that the embed text
format specifies the location of at least a portion of an object external to the file
containing enabling information; and that the object has associated type
information. See evidence recited for 985-1.f.
Cohen discloses using type information to identify and locate an executable
application external to the file. See evidence recited for 985-1.g.

49

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
985-16.h:
automatically invoke the executable application, in
response to the identifying of the embed text
format, to execute on the client workstation in
order to display the object and enable an end-user
to directly interact with the object while the object
is being displayed within a display area created at
the first location within the portion of the
hypermedia document being displayed in the
browser-controlled window.

Cohen
Cohen discloses automatically invoking the executable application; that the
executable application displays the object. See evidence recited for 985-1.h.

985-17.a:
The computer readable media of claim 16 where:
the information to enable comprises text formats.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file is text formats. See
evidence recited for 985-2.a.

985-18.a:
The computer readable media of claim 17 where:
the text formats are HTML tags.

Cohen discloses a formatted text stream in accordance with a generalized
markup language.
"The BookManager BUILD and BookManager READ program products use online, softcopy books which are formatted using the Generalized Markup
Language (GML)… ." (col. 4 lines 20-23.)
The use of HTML tags was not disclosed by Cohen but it would have been
obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to use HTML instead of GML.
See evidence recited for 985-3.a.

985-19.a:
The computer readable media of claim 16 where:
the information contained in the file received
comprises at least one embed text format.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file includes an embed text
format. See evidence recited for 985-4.a.

985-20.a:
A method of serving digital information in a

Cohen discloses digital information. See, e.g., :

50

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
computer network environment having a network
server coupled the network environment, and
where the network environment is a distributed
hypermedia environment, the method comprising:

Cohen
Cohen discloses that the information transmitted between the client and
the server is digital information. Specifically, Cohen discloses a formatted
text stream, which would be transmitted as digital information. "The
method begins by storing a formatted text stream in the data processing
system. The formatted text stream includes a link description which
contains multimedia type information, object location information and
multimedia control information for a target multimedia object. The
formatted text stream further includes a link tag associated with the link
description, which identifies a source location in the formatted text stream
from which a link is established to the target multimedia object." (col. 2,
lines 17-26)
One example of digital information disclosed in Cohen is transmission of
digital audio objects. "FIG. 3b shows an example of how the I/O data 184
in the internal audio object 108 of FIG. 1d, can be generated from a
sampled analog sound signal 184'. The example shown in FIG. 3b makes
use of simple pulse height modulation to characterize each sampled analog
amplitude in a signal 184' as a one out of 16 value, represented as a four
binary bit expression in the audio data 184. A digitized value of each
sample of the sound signal can then be stored as the audio data 184 in the
internal audio object 108 of FIG. 1d." (col. 8, lines 36-45)
Cohen discloses other types of digital information as well. "Many
different kinds of multimedia objects can be linked into a softcopy book.
Multimedia objects such as high resolution, photographic quality graphics,
motion video, or sound can be supported by the invention. In addition,
other functions which can be included in an expanded definition of
multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or an
engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2,
line 2 through col. 3 line 2)
Cohen also discloses networks that transmit digital information, such as a
local area network. (col. 8, line 65)
Cohen discloses a network server in a distributed hypermedia environment. See

51

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
evidence recited for 985-1.a.
Cohen discloses a client workstation. See evidence recited for 985-1.a.

985-20.b:
communicating via the network server with at least
one client workstation over said network in order
Cohen discloses communicating via network server in order to cause the client
to cause said client workstation to:
workstation to act. See, e.g., :

985-20.c:
receive, over said network environment from said
server, at least one file containing information to
enable a browser application to display at least a
portion of a distributed hypermedia document
within a browser-controlled window;
985-20.d:
execute, at said client workstation, a browser
application, with the browser application:
985-20.e:
responding to text formats to initiate processing
specified by the text formats;
985-20.f:
displaying, on said client workstation, at least a
portion of the document within the browsercontrolled window;

Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65) Cohen further
discloses that its browser could interoperate with database applications.
"In addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded
definition of multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or
an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2
line 66 through col. 3 line 2)
It would have been obvious to communicate via the network server in
order to cause the client workstation to act in view of Cohen's disclosure
of network interoperability and database application interoperability.
Cohen discloses a browser application; a file containing enabling information
received from a server; that the browser displays at least a portion of a
distributed hypermedia document; and that the display is in a browser-controlled
window. See evidence recited for 985-1.b.
Cohen discloses a browser application executing on the client workstation. See
evidence recited for 985-1.c.
Cohen discloses parsing text formats. See evidence recited for 985-1.d.
Cohen discloses displaying at least a portion of the document within the
browser-controlled window. See evidence recited for 985-1.e.

52

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
985-20.g:
Cohen discloses identifying an embed text format; that the embed text format
identifying an embed text format which
corresponds to a first location in a hypermedia document; that the embed text
corresponds to a first location in the document,
format specifies the location of at least a portion of an object external to the file
where the embed text format specifies the location containing enabling information; and that the object has associated type
of at least a portion of an object external to the file, information. See evidence recited for 985-1.f.
where the object has type information associated
with it;
985-20.h:
Cohen discloses using type information to identify and locate an executable
utilizing the type information to identify and locate application external to the file.
an executable application external to the file; and
See evidence recited for 985-1.g.
985-20.i:
Cohen discloses automatically invoking the executable application; that the
automatically invoking the executable application, executable application displays the object. See evidence recited for 985-1.h.
in response to the identifying of the embed text
format, to execute on the client workstation in
order to display the object and enable an end-user
to directly interact with the object while the object
is being displayed within a display area created at
the first location within the portion of the
hypermedia document being displayed in the
browser-controlled window.
985-21.a:
The method of claim 20 where: the information to
enable comprises text formats.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file is text formats. See
evidence recited for 985-2.a.

985-22.a:
The method of claim 21 where: the text formats
are HTML tags.

Cohen discloses a formatted text stream in accordance with a generalized
markup language.
"The BookManager BUILD and BookManager READ program products
use on-line, softcopy books which are formatted using the Generalized
Markup Language (GML)… ." (col. 4 lines 20-23.)
The use of HTML tags was not disclosed by Cohen but it would have been

53

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to use HTML instead of GML.
See evidence recited for 985-3.a.

985-23.a:
The method of claim 20 where: the information
contained in the file received comprises at least
one embed text format.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file includes an embed text
format. See evidence recited for 985-4.a.

985-24.a:
A method for running an executable application in
a computer network environment, wherein said
network environment has at least one client
workstation and one network server coupled to a
network environment, the method comprising:
985-24.b:
enabling an end-user to directly interact with an
object by utilizing said executable application to
interactively process said object while the object is
being displayed within a display area created at a
first location within a portion of a hypermedia
document being displayed in a browser-controlled
window,

Cohen discloses a client workstation and a network server in a network
environment. See evidence recited for 985-1.a.
Cohen discloses an executable application. See evidence recited for 985-1.g.
Cohen discloses displaying at least a portion of the document within the
browser-controlled window. See evidence recited for 985-1.e.
Cohen discloses an object external to a file containing enabling information. See
evidence recited for 985-1.f.
Cohen does not explicitly disclose direct interaction with an object, except
for the obvious interaction of starting, pausing and stopping the
presentation of multimedia objects.
Cohen does suggest, however, the possibility of direct interaction because
it discloses a variety of multimedia objects, including those that inherently
require user interaction, such as spreadsheet objects. "Many different
kinds of multimedia objects can be linked into a softcopy book.
Multimedia objects such as high resolution, photographic quality graphics,
motion video, or sound can be supported by the invention. In addition,
other functions which can be included in an expanded definition of
multimedia can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or an

54

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base. " (col. 2,
line 63 - col. 3, line 2)
Cohen discloses that the object is displayed on an auxiliary display device
and not at a first location in the hypermedia document, i.e. the location of
an LID tag determined by parsing.

985-24.c:
wherein said network environment is a distributed
hypermedia environment,
985-24.d:
wherein said client workstation receives, over said
network environment from said server, at least one
file containing information to enable said browser
application to display, on said client workstation,
at least said portion of said distributed hypermedia
document within said browser-controlled window,
985-24.e:
wherein said executable application is external to
said file,
985-24.f:
wherein said client workstation executes the
browser application, with the browser application
responding to text formats to initiate processing
specified by the text formats,
985-24.g:
wherein at least said portion of the document is
displayed within the browser-controlled window,
985-24.h:
wherein an embed text format which corresponds
to said first location in the document is identified

See evidence recited for 985-1.h.
Cohen discloses a client workstation and a network server in a distributed
hypermedia environment. See evidence recited for 985-1.a.
Cohen discloses a browser application; a file containing enabling information
received from a server; that the browser displays at least a portion of a
distributed hypermedia document; and that the display is in a browser-controlled
window. See evidence recited for 985-1.b.

Cohen discloses an executable application external to the file. See evidence
recited for 985-1.g.
Cohen discloses a browser application executing on the client workstation. See
evidence recited for 985-1.c.
Cohen discloses parsing text formats. See evidence recited for 985-1.d.
Cohen discloses displaying at least a portion of the document within the
browser-controlled window. See evidence recited for 985-1.e.
Cohen discloses identifying an embed text format and that the embed text format
corresponds to a first location in a hypermedia document. See evidence recited
for 985-1.f.

55

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
by the browser,
985-24.i:
wherein the embed text format specifies the
location of at least a portion of said object external
to the file,
985-24.j:
wherein the object has type information associated
with it,
985-24.k:
wherein the type information is utilized by the
browser to identify and locate said executable
application, and
985-24.l:
wherein the executable application is automatically
invoked by the browser, in response to the
identifying of the embed text format.

Cohen
Cohen discloses that the embed text format specifies the location of at least a
portion of an object external to the file containing enabling information. See
evidence recited for 985-1.f.
Cohen discloses that the object has associated type information. See evidence
recited for 985-1.f.
Cohen discloses using type information to identify and locate an executable
application external to the file. See evidence recited for 985-1.g.
Cohen discloses automatically invoking the executable application. See
evidence recited for 985-1.h.

985-25.a:
The method of claim 24 where: the information to
enable comprises text formats.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file is text formats. See
evidence recited for 985-2.a.

985-26.a:
The method of claim 25 where: the text formats
are HTML tags.

Cohen discloses a formatted text stream in accordance with a generalized
markup language.
"The BookManager BUILD and BookManager READ program products
use on-line, softcopy books which are formatted using the Generalized
Markup Language (GML)… ." (col. 4 lines 20-23.)
The use of HTML tags was not disclosed by Cohen but it would have been
obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to use HTML instead of GML.
See evidence recited for 985-3.a.

985-27.a:

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file includes an embed text
56

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
The method of claim 24 where: the information
contained in the file received comprises at least
one embed text format.

Cohen
format. See evidence recited for 985-4.a.

985-28.a:
One or more computer readable media encoded
with software comprising an executable
application for use in a system having at least one
client workstation and one network server coupled
to a network environment, operable to:

Cohen discloses computer code physically embodied on a medium. See
evidence recited for 985-16.a.

985-28.b:
cause the client workstation to display an object
and enable an end-user to directly interact with
said object while the object is being displayed
within a display area created at a first location
within a portion of a hypermedia document being
displayed in a browser-controlled window,

985-28.c:
wherein said network environment is a distributed
hypermedia environment,
985-28.d:
wherein said client workstation receives, over said
network environment from said server, at least one
file containing information to enable said browser
application to display, on said client workstation,
at least said portion of said distributed hypermedia
document within said browser-controlled window,

Cohen discloses a client workstation and a network server in a network
environment. See evidence recited for 985-1.a.
Cohen discloses an executable application. See evidence recited for 985-1.g.
Cohen discloses displaying at least a portion of the document within the
browser-controlled window. See evidence recited for 985-1.e.
Cohen discloses an object external to a file containing enabling information. See
evidence recited for 985-1.f.
Cohen discloses that the object is displayed on an auxiliary display device and
not at a first location in the hypermedia document, i.e. the location of an LID tag
determined by parsing.
See evidence recited for 985-1.h.
Cohen discloses a client workstation and a network server in a distributed
hypermedia environment. See evidence recited for 985-1.a.
Cohen discloses a browser application; a file containing enabling information
received from a server; that the browser displays at least a portion of a
distributed hypermedia document; and that the display is in a browser-controlled
window. See evidence recited for 985-1.b.

57

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
985-28.e:
wherein said executable application is external to
said file,
985-28.f:
wherein said client workstation executes said
browser application, with the browser application
responding to text formats to initiate processing
specified by the text formats,
985-28.g:
wherein at least said portion of the document is
displayed within the browser-controlled window,
985-28.h:
wherein an embed text format which corresponds
to said first location in the document is identified
by the browser,
985-28.i:
wherein the embed text format specifies the
location of at least a portion of said object external
to the file,
985-28.j:
wherein the object has type information associated
with it,
985-28.k:
wherein the type information is utilized by the
browser to identify and locate said executable
application, and
985-28.l:
wherein the executable application is automatically
invoked by the browser, in response to the
identifying of the embed text format.
985-36.a:

Cohen
Cohen discloses an executable application external to the file. See evidence
recited for 985-1.g.
Cohen discloses a browser application executing on the client workstation. See
evidence recited for 985-1.c.
Cohen discloses parsing text formats. See evidence recited for 985-1.d.
Cohen discloses displaying at least a portion of the document within the
browser-controlled window. See evidence recited for 985-1.e.
Cohen discloses identifying an embed text format and that the embed text format
corresponds to a first location in a hypermedia document. See evidence recited
for 985-1.f.
Cohen discloses that the embed text format specifies the location of at least a
portion of an object external to the file containing enabling information. See
evidence recited for 985-1.f.
Cohen discloses that the object has associated type information. See evidence
recited for 985-1.f.
Cohen discloses using type information to identify and locate an executable
application external to the file. See evidence recited for 985-1.g.
Cohen discloses automatically invoking the executable application. See
evidence recited for 985-1.h.

Cohen discloses an application program in a distributed hypermedia environment
58

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
A method for running an application program in a
distributed hypermedia network environment,
wherein the distributed hypermedia network
environment comprises at least one client
workstation and one remote network server
coupled to the distributed hypermedia network
environment, the method comprising:
985-36.b:
receiving, at the client workstation from the
network server over the distributed hypermedia
network environment, at least one file containing
information to enable a browser application to
display at least a portion of a distributed
hypermedia document within a browser-controlled
window;
985-36.c:
executing the browser application on the client
workstation, with the browser application:
985-36.d:
responding to text formats to initiate processing
specified by the text formats;
985-36.e:
displaying at least a portion of the document
within the browser-controlled window;
985-36.f:
identifying an embed text format which
corresponds to a first location in the document,
where the embed text format specifies the location
of at least a portion of an object;

Cohen
comprising at least client workstation and network server. See evidence recited
for 985-1.a.

Cohen discloses a browser application; a file containing enabling information;
that the file is received at the client workstation from the network server; that the
browser displays at least a portion of a distributed hypermedia document; and
that at least a portion of a hypermedia document is displayed in a browsercontrolled window. See evidence recited for 985-1.b.

Cohen discloses a browser application executing on the client workstation. See
evidence recited for 985-1.c.
Cohen discloses parsing text formats. See evidence recited for 985-1.d.
Cohen discloses displaying at least a portion of the document within the
browser-controlled window. See evidence recited for 985-1.e.
Cohen discloses an object. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses multimedia objects.
For example, Cohen discloses "[a] method, program and data processing
system are disclosed, for providing a generalized link from a reference
point within an organized hierarchy of a formatted text stream in an online book, to an arbitrary type multimedia object." (col. 2, lines 11-16)
Further, Cohen states "[m]any different kinds of multimedia objects can be

59

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

985-36.g:
identifying and locating an executable application
associated with the object; and

Cohen
linked into a softcopy book. Multimedia objects such as high resolution,
photographic quality graphics, motion video, or sound can be supported by
the invention. In addition, other functions which can be included in an
expanded definition of multimedia can also be presented, such as a spread
sheet, or an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data
base." (col. 2, line 2 through col. 3 line 2)
The LDESC tag includes an OBJECT attribute (which identifies an object)
and an OBJTYPE attribute (which identifies the type of information for
that object). (col. 5, lines 44-54)
Cohen discloses identifying an embed text format; that the embed text format
corresponds to a first location in the hypermedia document; and that the embed
text format specifies the location of an object. See evidence recited for 985-1.f.
Cohen discloses that the browser identifies and locates an executable application
associated with the object. See, e.g.,
Cohen discloses the use of an object’s multimedia type information. “The
method then continues by storing a multimedia handler program in the
data processing system, the handler program controlling operations of a
multimedia output device characterized by the multimedia type
information.” (col. 2, lines 31-35)
Using the DATA attribute by way of example, Cohen discloses: "With
reference to the graphic object type link descriptor 150 of FIG. 1a, the
string 'graph.exe \ GOCA Format C' is output by the softcopy book READ
program 400 to begin execution of the specified I/O handler program,
namely graph.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG. 7c." (col. 10,
lines 54-60) As another example, "The data for the link descriptor tag
120 is 'video.exe CD Video File Format A'. Step 424 of the flow diagram
of FIG. 6 gets that DATA string and outputs it in step 426 to start the
execution of the I/O handler program specified in the string. Then step 426
goes to step 420. The string 'video.exe CD Video File Format A' specifies
the I/O handler program video.exe, whose flow diagram is shown in FIG.

60

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

985-36.h:
automatically invoking the executable application,
in response to the identifying of the embed text
format, in order to enable an end-user to directly
interact with the object, while the object is being
displayed within a display area created at the first

Cohen
7a." (col. 11, lines 12-19)
Cohen discloses still other examples of executable applications that are
identified and located: "The profile 300 includes the hardware types for a
particular I/O function, characteristics for each hardware type, and the
software drivers which enable the application programs and I/O handler
programs to interact with the particular I/O hardware or software. For
example, if the I/O function is audio, the user's workstation profile 300
shows that there is a stereo high fi connected through the audio adapter
214 to the workstation 200. The workstation profile 300 further describes
that the stereo high fi hardware has, among its other characteristics, a
frequency response of 20 to 20000 Hertz and it can handle delta mod data
in FORMAT B. Still further, the workstation file 300 shows that there are
three software drivers available for producing an audio output. The first
software driver is "CD__AUDIO.DVR" which is a software driver which
enables an audio object stored on a compact disk player which may be
connected through the video adapter 212, for example, to transfer the
audio data from the audio object to the stereo high fi to produce the audio
presentation. The second software driver for the audio I/O function is
"TAPE__AUDIO.DVR." This audio driver enables an audio object stored
on a tape drive, such as can be connected through a suitable adapter to the
bus 202, to output audio data from the audio object stored thereon to the
stereo high fi for the audio presentation. The third software driver for the
audio I/O function is "AUDIO__DATA.DVR." This driver enables an
audio object such as the internal audio object 108 in FIG. 1b, to have its
audio data transferred to the stereo high fi hardware for the audio
presentation." (col. 9, line 41 through col. 10, line 4)
Cohen discloses identifying an embed text format. See evidence recited in 9851.f.
Cohen discloses automatic invocation of the executable application and that the
executable application displays the object. See evidence recited in 985-1.h.

61

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
location within the portion of the hypermedia
document being displayed in the browsercontrolled window,

Cohen
Cohen discloses that a hypermedia document is displayed in a browser window.
See, e.g., evidence recited for 985-1.e.

985-36.i:
wherein the executable application is part of a
distributed application, and

Cohen discloses a distributed application. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65) Cohen further
discloses that its browser could interoperate with database applications.
"In addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded
definition of multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or
an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2
line 66 through col. 3 line 2)
It would have been obvious for the browser disclosed in Cohen to
interoperate with a distributed application in view of Cohen's disclosure of
network interoperability and database application interoperability.
Cohen discloses that the executable application is part of a distributed
application. See, e.g., :

985-36.j:

Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65) Cohen further
discloses that its browser could interoperate with database applications.
"In addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded
definition of multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or
an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2
line 66 through col. 3 line 2)
It would have been obvious for the browser disclosed in Cohen to
interoperate with an executable application that is part of a distributed
application in view of Cohen's disclosure of network interoperability and
database application interoperability.
Cohen discloses that the distributed application executes at least partially on a

62

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
wherein at least a portion of the distributed
application is for execution on a remote network
server coupled to the distributed hypermedia
network environment.

Cohen
network server. See, e.g., :
Cohen discloses that that the client workstation can connect to other
computers using a local area network. (col. 8 line 65) Cohen further
discloses that its browser could interoperate with database applications.
"In addition, other functions which can be included in an expanded
definition of multimedia, can also be presented, such as a spread sheet, or
an engineering diagram using a computer aided design data base." (col. 2
line 66 through col. 3 line 2)
It would have been obvious for the browser disclosed in Cohen to
interoperate with a distributed application that executes at least partially
on the network server in view of Cohen's disclosure of network
interoperability and database application interoperability.

985-37.a:
The method of claim 36 where: the information to
enable comprises text formats.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file is text formats. See
evidence recited for 985-2.a.

985-38.a:
The method of claim 37 where: the text formats
are HTML tags.

Cohen discloses a formatted text stream in accordance with a generalized
markup language.
"The BookManager BUILD and BookManager READ program products
use on-line, softcopy books which are formatted using the Generalized
Markup Language (GML)… ." (col. 4 lines 20-23.)
The use of HTML tags was not disclosed by Cohen but it would have been
obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to use HTML instead of GML.
See evidence recited for 985-3.a.

985-39.a:
The method of claim 36 where: the information
contained in the file received comprises at least
one embed text format.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file includes an embed text
format. See evidence recited for 985-4.a.

63

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
985-40.a:
A method of serving digital information in a
computer network environment having a network
server coupled to said computer network
environment, and where the network environment
is a distributed hypermedia network environment,
the method comprising:
985-40.b:
communicating via the network server with at least
one remote client workstation over said computer
network environment in order to cause said client
workstation to:
985-40.c:
receive, over said computer network environment
from the network server, at least one file
containing information to enable a browser
application to display at least a portion of a
distributed hypermedia document within a
browser-controlled window;
985-40.d:
execute, at said client workstation, a browser
application, with the browser application:
985-40.e:
responding to text formats to initiate processing
specified by the text formats;
985-40.f:
displaying, on said client workstation, at least a
portion of the document within the browsercontrolled window;
985-40.g:
identifying an embed text format which

Cohen
Cohen discloses digital information. See evidence recited for 985-20.a.
Cohen discloses a network server in a distributed hypermedia environment. See
evidence recited for 985-1.a.

Cohen discloses a client workstation. See evidence recited for 985-1.a.
Cohen discloses communicating via network server in order to cause the client
workstation to act. See evidence recited for 985-20.b.
Cohen discloses a browser application; a file containing enabling information
received from a server; that the browser displays at least a portion of a
distributed hypermedia document; and that the display is in a browser-controlled
window. See evidence recited for 985-1.b.

Cohen discloses a browser application executing on the client workstation. See
evidence recited for 985-1.c.
Cohen discloses parsing text formats. See evidence recited for 985-1.d.
Cohen discloses displaying at least a portion of the document within the
browser-controlled window. See evidence recited for 985-1.e.
Cohen discloses an object. See evidence recited for 985-36.f.

64

Claim Text from ’985 Patent
corresponds to a first location in the document,
where the embed text format specifies the location
of at least a portion of an object;
985-40.h:
identifying and locating an executable application
associated with the object; and
985-40.i:
automatically invoking the executable application,
in response to the identifying of the embed text
format, in order to enable an end-user to directly
interact with the object while the object is being
displayed within a display area created at the first
location within the portion of the hypermedia
document being displayed in the browsercontrolled window,

Cohen
Cohen discloses identifying an embed text format; that the embed text format
corresponds to a first location in the hypermedia document; and that the embed
text format specifies the location of an object. See evidence recited for 985-1.f.
Cohen discloses that the browser identifies and locates an executable application
associated with the object. See evidence recited for 985-36.g.
Cohen discloses identifying an embed text format. See evidence recited in 9851.f.
Cohen discloses automatic invocation of the executable application and that the
executable application displays the object. See evidence recited in 985-1.h.
Cohen discloses that a hypermedia document is displayed in a browser window.
See, e.g., evidence recited for 985-1.e.

985-40.j:
wherein the executable application is part of a
distributed application, and
985-40.k:
wherein at least a portion of the distributed
application is for execution on the network server.

Cohen discloses that the executable application is part of a distributed
application. See evidence recited in 985-36.i.

985-41.a:
The method of claim 40 where: the information to
enable comprises text formats.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file is text formats. See
evidence recited for 985-2.a.

985-42.a:
The method of claim 41 where: the text formats
are HTML tags.

Cohen discloses that the distributed application executes at least partially on a
network server. See evidence recited for 985-36.j.

Cohen discloses a formatted text stream in accordance with a generalized
markup language.
"The BookManager BUILD and BookManager READ program products
use on-line, softcopy books which are formatted using the Generalized

65

Claim Text from ’985 Patent

Cohen
Markup Language (GML)… ." (col. 4 lines 20-23.)
The use of HTML tags was not disclosed by Cohen but it would have been
obvious to one having ordinary skill in the art to use HTML instead of GML.
See evidence recited for 985-3.a.

985-43.a:
The method of claim 40 where: the information
contained in the file received comprises at least
one embed text format.

Cohen discloses that the enabling information in the file includes an embed text
format. See evidence recited for 985-4.a.

66