WI-LAN Inc. v. Alcatel-Lucent USA Inc. et al

Filing 167

OPENING CLAIM CONSTRUCTION BRIEF filed by WI-LAN Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Affidavit DECLARATION OF JEFFREY T. HAN IN SUPPORT OF WI-LANS OPENING CLAIM CONSTRUCTION BRIEF, # 2 Exhibit A-U.S. Patent No. 6,088,326, # 3 Exhibit B-U.S. Patent No. 6,195,327, # 4 Exhibit C-U.S. Patent No. 6,222,819, # 5 Exhibit D-U.S. Patent No. 6,381,211, # 6 Exhibit E-copy of The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms (6th ed. 1996), # 7 Exhibit F-copy of Alan Freedman, The ComputerGlossary (7th ed. 1995), # 8 Exhibit G-copy of Harry Newton, Newtons Telecom Dictionary (11th ed. 1996), # 9 Exhibit H-copy of Ramjee Prasad, CDMA for Wireless Personal Communications (1996), # 10 Exhibit I-copy of Theodore S. Rappaport,Wireless Communications (1996), # 11 Exhibit J-copy of Shing-Fong Su, The UMTS Air-Interface in RF Engineering (2007), # 12 Exhibit K-copy of 3GPP TS 25.211,v.6.10.0 (Release 6), # 13 Exhibit L-copy of Jean Conan & Rolando Oliver, Hardware and Software Implementation of the Viterbi Decoding Algorithm for Convolutional Codes, in MIMI 76: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Mini and Micro Computers (M.H. Hamza ed., 1977), # 14 Exhibit M-Definition of Overlay, OxfordDictionaries Online, http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/overlay?q=overlay, # 15 Exhibit N-copy of the Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (6th ed. rev. 3, July 1997))(Weaver, David)

EXHIBIT E

DEFS0011211

IEEE Std 100-1996

The IEEE Standard Dictionary of
Electrical and Electronics Terms
Sixth Edition
Standards Coordinating Committee 10, Terms and Definitions
Jane Radatz, Chair

This standard is one of a number of information technology dictionaries being developed by standards
organizations accredited by the American National Standards Institute. This dictionary was developed
under the sponsorship of voluntary standards organizations, using a consensus-based process.

ISBN 1-55937-833-6

9 781559 378338

Tr
DEFS0011212

Introduction
Since the first edition in 1941 of the American Standard Definitions of Electrical Terms, the work now
known as IEEE Std 100, The IEEE Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms, has evolved
into the unique compendium of terms that it is today.
The current edition includes all terms defined in approved IEEE standards through December 1996. Terms
are categorized by their technical subject area. They are also associated with the standards or publications
in which they currently appear. In some cases, terms from withdrawn standards are included when no
current source can be found. Earlier editions of IEEE Std 100 included terms from sources other than
IEEE standards, such as technical journals, books, or conference proceedings. These terms have been
maintained for the sake of consistency and their sources are listed with the standards in the back of the
book.
The practice of defining terms varies from standard to standard. Many working groups that write standards
prefer to work with existing definitions, while others choose to write their own. Thus terms may have
several similar, although not identical, definitions. Definitions have been combined wherever it has been
possible to do so by making only minor editorial changes. Otherwise, they have been left as written in
the original standard.
Users of IEEE Std 100 occasionally comment on the surprising omission of a particular term commonly
used in an electrical or electronics field. This occurs because the terms in IEEE Std 100 represent only
those defined in the existing or past body of IEEE standards. To respond to this, some working groups
obtain authorization to create a glossary of terms used in their field. All existing, approved standard
glossaries have been incorporated into this edition of IEEE Std 100, including the most current glossaries
of terms for computers and power engineering.

IEEE working groups are encouraged to refer to IEEE Std 100 when developing new or revised standards
to avoid redundancy. They are also encouraged to investigate deficiencies in standard terms and create
standard glossaries to alleviate them.
The sponsoring body for this document was Standards Coordinating Committee 10 on Definitions
. (SCClO), which consisted of the following members:

Jane Radatz, Chair
John W. Balde
Arthur Ballato
Bruce Barrow
William Carey
Frank A. Denbrock
Jay Forster

Chris Heegard
John Horch
1. L. Koepfinger
Allen H. Meitzler
Frank D. Myers
David E. Roberts

F. A. Saal
Ralph M. Showers
Edward N. Skomal
Kenneth L. Swinth
Raymond S. Turgel
Edward F. Vance

DEFS0011213

time difference

1115

time difference (navigation aids) (loran) The difference in the
time of reception of the two signals of a loran rate.
(AE) 172-1983w
time discriminator (electronic navigation) A circuit in which
the sense and magnitude of the output is a function of the
time difference of the occurrence, and relative time sequence,
of two pulses. See also: navigation.
(AE) [42],686-1982s
time distortion (broadband local area networks) Time distortion (group delay) is the difference in transmission time
between frequencies of a service. The broadband service usually resides in a single channel, but the delay distortion may
be specified over a bandwidth that is different than the bandwidth.of the channel. Video specifies the time delay distortion
to be less than a channel bandwidth. Video channels (6 MHz)
normally specify the group delay between the video and color
carriers (3.58 MHz). The delay distortion in video services
may influence color rendition. In data services, group delay
may influence the bit error rate. The specification for group
delay must always be applied across a referenced bandwidth
to be valid. This distortion is most prominent at the frequency
band-edges of a diplex filter, but may also be observed in
band-pass, band-stop, and equalizing filters.
(C/LM) 802.7-1989
time distribution analyzer (nuclear techniques) An instrument capable of indicating the number or rate of occurrence
of time intervals falling within one or more specified time
interval ranges. The time interval is delineated by the separation between pulses of a pulse pair. See also: ionizing radiation.
(NPS) 175-1960w
time-division analog switching (telephone switching systems)
Analog switching with common time-divided paths for simultaneous calls.
(COM) 312-1977w
time-division digital switching (telephone switching systems)
Digital switching with common time-divided paths for simultaneous calls.
(COM) 312-1977w
time division multiple access (TDMA) (1) (communication
satellite) A technique whereby earth stations communicate
with each other on the basis of non-overlapping time sequenced bursts of transmissions through a common satellite
repeater.
(COM) [19]
(2) A multiplexing technique in which a channel is divided
among different users allocating to each of them a time slot
in a repeating cycle.
(C) 610.7-1995
time-division multiplex (data transmission) The process or
device in which each modulating wave modulates a separate
pulse subcarrier, the pulse subcarriers being spaced in time
so that no two pulses occupy the same time interval. Note:
Time division permits the transmission of two or more signals
over a common path by using different time intervals for the
transmission of the intelligence of each message signal.
(AP/PE) 145-1983s, 599~1985w
time-division multiplexing (TDM) (1) Sharing a communication channel among several users by allowing each to use the
channel for a given period of time in a defined, repeated sequence.
(C/LM) 802.7-1989
(2) A method by which two or more channeIs of information
are transmitted over the same link by allocating a different
time interval for the transmission of each channel. See also:
synchronous time division multiplexing; wave-division mul(C) 610.7-1995
tiplexing:
time division multiplexing bus switching A method of time
division switching in which time slots are used to transfer
data over a shared bus between transmitter and receiver.
(C) 610.7-1995
time division switching (1) The switching of inputs to outputs
using time-division multiplexing techniques. See also: time
division multiplexing bus switching.
(C) 610.7-1995
(2) A method of switching that provides a common path with
separate time intervals assigned to each of the simultaneous
calls.
(COM) 312-1977w

time-multiplexed bus

time domain calibration A result which is the impulse response
function of the sensor or probe in the time domain..
.
(EMC) 1309-1996
time domain reflectometer (TDR) (1) Test equipment that verifies proper functioning of the physical components of the
network with a sequence of time-delayed electrical pulses.
(C) 610.7-1995
(2) See also: reflectometer, time-domain.
timed release (telephone switching systems) Release accomplished after a specified delay.
(COM) 312-1977w
time, electrification (cable-insulation materials) Time during
which a steady direct voltage is applied to electrical insulating
materials before the current is measured.
(PE) 402-1974w
time error Power system time minus a reference time. This
quantity is derived by integrating frequency error over time
and dividing it by rated frequency.
(PE) 858-1993,94-1991
time error bias An offset of the scheduled net interchange of
a control area that varies in proportion to time error and that
assists in restoring time error to zero.
(PE) 858-1993,94-1991
time gain control See: differential gain-control circuit.
time gate A transducer that gives output only during chosen
time intervals.
(AP) 145-1983s
time history (1) (gas-insulated substations) The trace of acceleration, velocity, or displacement as a function of time that
the ground, the floor of a building, or a point of support experiences due to an earthquake.
(PE/SWG/SUB) C37.100-1992, C37.122-1983s
(2) (mechanical) The record of acceleration, velocity, or displacement as a function of time which the floor of a building
or the ground experiences due to an earthquake.
(PE/SUB) 693-1984r, C37.122.1-1993
time-interval selector (nuclear techniques) A circuit that produces a specified output pulse when and only when the time
interval between two pulses lies between specified limits. See
also: scintillation counter.
(NPS) 175-196Ow
time-interval simulation See: time-slice simulation.
time-invariant filtering (germanium gamma-ray detectors)
Pulse shaping in which the filter response does not change
with respect to time.[CR-(RC)n shaping is an example of
time-invariant filtering.]
(NPS) 325-1986s
time lag See: lag.
time lag of impulse flashover (surge arresters) The time between the instant when the voltage of the impulse wave first
exceeds the power-frequency flashover crest voltage and the
instant when the impulse flashover causes the abrupt drop in
the testing wave.
(PE/T&D) [10], [8]
time-load withstand strength (of an insulator) The mechanical
load that, under specified conditions, can be continuously applied without mechanical or electrical failure. See also: insulator.
(BEC) [89]
time locking A method of locking, either mechanical or electric,
that, after a signal has been caused to display an aspect to
proceed, prevents, until after the expiration of a predetermined time interval after such signal has been caused to display its most restrictive aspect, the operation of any interlocked or electrically locked switch, movable-point frog, or
derail in the route governed by that signal, and that prevents
an aspect to proceed from being displayed for any conflicting
route. See also: interlocking.
(EEC/PE) [119]
time meridian (navigation aids) Any meridian used as a reference for reckoning time, particularly a zone.
(AE) 172-1983w
time-multiplexed bus A bus which uses time-division multiplexing techniques to share its data paths between a number
of devices.
(C) 610.10-1994

DEFS0011214

time, response

1117

L SPECIFIED BAND

FORSETTLING TIME

t

i

_nME

[Typical time response of a feedback control system to a step
change in input.)

time response
(PE) 421A-1978s
(3) (synchronous-machine regulator) The output of the synchronous-machine regulator (that is, voltage, current, impedance, or position) expressed as a function of time following
the application of prescribed inputs under specfied conditions.
(PE) 421A-1978s
time, response See: response time.
time rise tone (measuring the performance of tone address
signaling systems) The time interval between the end of the
tone off condition and the beginning of the tone present condition at the beginning of the tone under consideration.
(COM) 752-1986r
timer overrun (1) A condition that occurs each time a timer,
for which there is already an expiration signal queued to the
process, expires.
(c/pA) 9945-1-1996
(2) A condition that occurs each time a timer for which there
is already an expiration signal queued to the process expires.
(C/PA) 1oo3.5b-1995
time scale See: time.
time sharing (software) A mode of operation that permits two
or more users to execute computer programs concurrently on
the same computer system by interleaving the execution of
their program. Note: Time sharing may be implemented by
time slicing, priority-based interrupts, or other scheduling
methods.
(C) 610.10-1994, 610.12-1990
time signal (navigation aids) An accurate signal marking a
specified time or time interval.
(AE) 172-1983w
time skew (1) (analog-ta-digital converter) In an analog to
digital conversion process, the time difference between the
conversion of one analog channel and any other analog channel, such that the converted (digital) representations of the
analog signals do not correspond to values of the analog variables that existed at the same instant of time. Time skew is
eliminated, where necessary, by the use of a multiplexor with
a sample/hold feature, allowing all input channels to be simultaneously sampled and stored for later conversion. See also:
analog-to-digital converter; switching time.
(C) 165-1977w, 166-1977w
(2) (A) In a conversion from analog to digital, the time difference between the conversion of one analog channel and
any other analog channel, such that the converted (digital)
representations of the analog signals do not correspond to
values of the analog variables that existed at the same instant
of time. (B) The time interval between two events which are
intended to be simultaneous.
(C) 610.10-1994
time-slice simulation (A) A discrete simulation that is terminated after a specific amount of timehas elapsed; for example,
a model depicting the year-by-year forces affecting a volcanic
eruption over a period of 100 000 years. Synonym: time-interval simulation. See also: critical event simulation. (B) A
discrete simulation of continuous events in which time advances by intervals chosen independent of the simulated
eventstfor example, a model of a time multiplexed commu-

timing accuracy

nication system with multiple channels transmitting signals
over a single transmission line in very rapid succession.
(C) 610,3-1989
.
time slicing A mode of operation in which two or more processes are each assigned a small, fixed amount of continuous
processing time on the same processor, and the processes execute in a round-robin manner, each for its allotted time, until
all are completed.
(C) 610.12-1990
time slot (1) In time division multiplexing, when time is divided
into slots to route data from input to output.
(C) 610.7-1995
(2) Any cyclic time interval that can be recognized and defined uniquely.
(COM) 1007-1991
time sorter See: time distribution analyzer.
tfme-to-amplitude converter (scintillation counting) An instrument producing an output pulse whose amplitude is proportional to the time difference between start and stop pulses.
(NPS) 398·1972r
time to chopping (switching impulse testing) The time interval
T; between actual zero and the instant when the chopping
occurs.
332-1972w
time to crest The time interval Ter between actual zero and the
instant when the voltage has reached its crest value.
332-1972w
time-to-crest value (T r) The time that an impulse rises to crest
value.
(C/PE) 1313.1-1996
time to lirst voltage zero on the tail of the wave The time
interval from the start of the transient to the time when the
first voltage zero occurs on the tail of the wave.
(PE) C57.12.90-1993
time to half value (1) The time interval Th between actual zero
and the instant on the tail when the impulse has decreased to
half its crest value.
(Std1oo) 332-1972w
(2) The time that an impulse drops to 0.5 crest value.
(C/PE) 1313.1-1996
time to half-value on the wavetail See: virtual time to halfvalue.
time to impulse flashover The time between the initial point of
the voltage impulse causing flashover and the point at which
the abrupt drop in the voltage impulse takes place.
(PE/T&D) [10]
time-to-impulse sparkover The time between virtual zero of
the voltage impulse causing sparkover and the point on the
voltage wave at which sparkover occurs.
(PE/PSPD) C62.1-1981s, C62.11-1993
time-to-saturation The time during which the secondary current is a faithful replica of the primary current. Note: The core
does not saturate suddenly. Beyond the saturation liux level,
the exciting current increases more rapidly than the secondary
current, causing distortion in the secondary waveform.
(PE) C37.1l0-1996
time, turn-around (test, measurement, and diagnostic equipment) The time needed to service or check out an item for
recommitment.
(Mil-) [2]
time-undervoltage protection A form of undervoltage protection that disconnects the protected equipment upon a deficiency of voltage after a predetermined time interval.
.
(PE/SWG) C37.100-1992
time update (sequential events recording systems) The correction or resetting of a real time clock to match a time standard. See also: real time.
(PE) [1], [5]
time variable A variable whose value represents simulated time
or the state of the simulation clock.
(C) 610.3-1989
time-variant filtering Pulse shaping in which the filter response
varies with time.
(NPS) 325-1996
time zone diversity Load diversity between two or more electric
systems that occurs when their peak loads are in different time
zones.
(PE) 858-1993
timing accuracy The maximum timing error allowable in message accounting records. Different tolerances may be required
for recording time of day and for call duration. Time of day

DEFS0011215

COBOL 85

168

code Converter

COBOL 85 A dialect of COBOL; developed as a standard lanCode
Code
guage in 1985, and standardized by IEEE, ISO, and ANSI.
Transition
Bin
Code
(C) 610.13-1993
Level
Bin
Width
co-channel interference Interference caused in one communication channel by a transmitter operating in the same channel.
2N- 1
See also: radio transmission;
(BT) [34]
TI2 N - 11
2N_ 2
cocktail shaker sort An exchange sort in which adjacent pairs
W[2 N- 21
of items are compared and exchanged, if necessary, and alTI2 N- 2]
ternate passes through the set proceed in opposite directions .
. Contrast: bubble sort.
(C) 610.5-1990
CODASYL See: Conference on Data Systems Languages.
CODASYL database A database that adheres to the standards
established by the Database Task Group of CODASYL. Note:
Tlk+ 21
A network database is generally accepted to be synonymous
W[k+ 11
k+ 1
with a CODASYL database.
.
(C) 610.5-1990
T[k + 1]
CODASYL model A network database model defined by the
W[kJ
CODASYL organization. The CODASYL model is based on
Tlk]
sets that are used to specify associations between different
record types that exist in a database. Synonym: flex model.
k- 1
Wlk -1]
Tlk - 11
(C) 610.5-1990
CODASYL set See: set.
• I
code (1) (microprocessor object modules) Data or executable
machine code. See also: absolute code; relocatable code.
(C/MM) 695-1985s
T12]
(2) (computer terminology) A character or bit pattern that
is assigned a particular meaning; for example, a status code.
Wll]
[
(C) 610.12-1990,610.5-1990
TIll
(3) (A) The characters or expressions of an originating
o
or source language, each correlated .with its equivalent exDefinitions pertaining to input quantization
pression in an intermediate or target language, for example,
code bin K
alphanumeric characters correlated with their equivalent six(1M) 1057-1994
bit expressions in a binary machine language. Note: For
code bin width W[k] The difference of the code transition levels
punched or magnetic tape; a predetermined arrangement
that delimit the bin.
of possible locations of holes or magnetized areas and
W[k] = 71k + I] - 71k]
rules for interpreting the various possible patterns.
(B) Frequently, the set of expressions in the target language
(1M) 1057-1994
that represent the set of characters of the source language.
code-bit In looBASE-X. the unit of data passed across the PMA
(C) To encode is to express given information by means of a
service interface, and the smallest signaling element used for
code. (D) To translate the program for the solution of a probtransmission on the medium. A group of five code-bits conlem on a given computer into a sequence of machine-lanstitutes a code-group in the 100BASE-X PeS.
guage or pseudo instructions acceptable to that computer.
(C/LM) 802.3u-1995
(C) 162-1963w
code breakpoint A breakpoint that is initiated upon execution
(4) (A) (computer terminology) In software engineering,
of a given computer instruction. Synonym: control breakpoint.
computer instructions and data definitions expressed in a proContrast: data breakpoint. See also: dynamic breakpoint; epgramming language or in a form output by an assembler, comilog breakpoint; programmable breakpoint; prolog breakpiler, or other translator. See also: machine code; microcode;
point; static breakpoint,
(C) 610.12-1990
object code; source code. (B) (computer terminology) To .codec A combination of a coder and decoder operating in difexpress a computer program ina programming language.
ferent directions of transmission in the same equipment.
(C) 610.12-1990
(COM) 1007-1991
(5) (A) (computer terminology) A set of rules used to concode character A particular arrangement of code elements repvert data from one form of representation to another. Synoresenting a specific symbol or value.
nyms: coding scheme; data code; data element tag. (B) (com(COM/PE) [49],599-l985w
puter terminology) To represent data in symbolic
code classes (safety systems equipment in nuclear power genform. (C) (computer terminology) Data that have been
erating stations) Levels of structnraI integrity and quality
expressed in symbolic form.
commensurate with the relative importance of the individual
(C) 1084-1986w, 610.5-1990
mechanical components of the nuclear power generating sta(6) (A) (computer terminology) Data that have been contion. Note: For the recognized code classes, refer to the folverted from one form of representation to another, using a set
lowing documents: ANSI NI8.2-1973, Nuclear SafetyCriof rules as in definition (5A). Synonym: encoded data. See
teriafor the Design of Stationary Pressurized WaterReactor
also: code set; coded representation; symbol. (B) (computer
Plants; ANSI/ANS 51.8, NuclearSafety Criteria for the Determinology) To convert data from one form of representasign of Stationary Pressurized WaterReactorPlants; ANSI/
tion to another, using a set of rules as in definition (5A). See
ASME BPV-ill, Boilerand Pressure VesselCod and its latest
also: decode; encode.
(C) 610.5-1990
addenda. Section ill; ANSI/ANS 52.1-1980, NuclearSafety
code audit (software) An independent review of source code
Criteria for Design of Stationary BWR Plants.
by a person, team, or tool to verify compliance with software
(PE) 627-198Or
design documentation and programming standards, Correctcode conversion (telephone switching systems) The substituness and efficiency may also be evaluated. See also: audit;
tion of a routing code for a destination code.
code; correctness; efficiency; inspection; static analysis; tool;
(COM) 312-1977w
walk-through.
(C/SE) 729-l983s
code converter A convener that changes the representation of
data from one code to another.
code bin k A digital output that corresponds to a particular set
(C) 610.10-1994,610.5-1990
of input values.

[

DEFS0011216