State of Washington et al v. United States of America et al

Filing 1

COMPLAINT for Declaratory and Injunctive Relief against All Defendants (Receipt # 0981-5372043) Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party Commonwealth of Massachusetts(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party Commonwealth of Pennsylvania(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party Commonwealth of Virginia(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of California(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of Delaware(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of Illinois(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of Iowa (pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of Maryland(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of Minnesota (pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of New Jersey(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of New Mexico(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of New York(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of North Carolina(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of Oregon(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of Rhode Island (pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of Vermont(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party State of Washington(pty:pla), Attorney Laura K Clinton added to party The District of Columbia(pty:pla), filed by State of Minnesota, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, State of Delaware, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, State of Washington, The District of Columbia, State of North Carolina, Commonwealth of Virginia, State of New Mexico, State of California, State of Iowa, State of Rhode Island, State of New York, State of Vermont, State of New Jersey, State of Maryland, State of Illinois, State of Oregon. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit Exhibits 1-40, #2 Exhibit Exhibits 41-80, #3 Exhibit Exhibits 81-100, #4 Exhibit Exhibits 101-110, #5 Exhibit Exhibits 111-131, #6 Civil Cover Sheet, #7 Summons, #8 Summons, #9 Summons, #10 Summons, #11 Summons, #12 Summons, #13 Summons, #14 Summons, #15 Summons, #16 Summons, #17 Summons, #18 Summons, #19 Summons)(Clinton, Laura)

Exhibit 111

Exhibit 112

Selected Financial Data
Maryland Public Schools
2016 - 2017
Part 3 – Analysis of Costs
Maryland State Department of Education
Local Financial Reporting Office
200 West Baltimore Street
Baltimore MD 21201-2595
April 2018

Selected Financial Data
Maryland Public Schools
2016-2017
Part 3 - Analysis of Costs
INTRODUCTION
Selected Financial Data is published annually in four parts by
the Maryland State Department of Education. Part 1 provides
information about resources, Part 2 provides expenditure
information, Part 3 describes the expenditures in terms of an
average cost per pupil, and Part 4 is a time series of selected
facts from Parts 1-3. Information for these reports is derived
from the Annual Financial Reports submitted by the 24 local
education agencies (LEAs).

membership (ADM), also called the average number belonging
(ANB). This figure represents the average number of students
enrolled in the district over the school year. This report also
includes a table showing the per pupil costs expressed in
terms of the average daily attendance (ADA), or the average
number of students who are in attendance each day, as this
measure is most frequently used by the federal government in
comparing costs between districts.

Equating expenditures to a per pupil basis provides a useful
starting point for examining the relative cost of providing
education services across districts. However, districts are not
equal in size or population mix, and this measure alone cannot
be used to draw conclusions about the local effort and support
for education or operating efficiencies and deficiencies.
Additionally, costs of goods and services vary throughout the
state, and some LEAs receive the benefit of services paid for
by other county agencies.

Highlights
•

•

In computing per pupil costs, it is necessary to determine
which costs will be included in the calculation and which
student measure will be used.
Since there are many
variations of includable costs and pupil measures, figures
published in this report may differ from those published by
another state, the federal government, or even the local
education agencies in Maryland. It has been the practice of
this Department to include all operating expenditures except
food services, community services, adult education, equipment
and current capital outlay, and payments to other public school
districts and nonpublic schools.
The student measure has been the equated average daily
i

The Current Expense Fund expenditures per pupil
belonging at the state level increased 2.07% from
$13,966 in 2015-2016 to $14,255 in 2016-2017.
The Average Daily Membership (ADM) at the state
level increased by 1.02% from 868,396 to 877,267.
The Current Expense Fund expenditures per pupil
belonging vary between Maryland LEAs from a high of
$17,330 in Worcester County to a low of $12,579 in
Talbot County.

Beginning in FY 1998, Maryland public schools were required
to budget and report expenditures differently than in the past.
Administration was redefined to exclude expenditures for
Instructional
Supervision,
Facilities
Acquisition,
and
Construction. Instruction expanded to three categories, one
for Instructional Salaries and Wages, one for Textbooks and
Instructional Supplies, and one for Other Instructional Costs.
In addition, the three instructional categories were modified to
exclude expenditures for School Administration and to include
expenditures for Staff/Curriculum Development. Mid-Level
Administration, a new expenditure category, was added to

provided by the LEA for the community or some segment of
the community other than for public school activities and adult
education. Included in this category are expenditures for
community recreation programs, before and after school
programs, and community transportation programs.

report the expenditures for Instructional Supervision and
School Administration. The Capital Outlay category was
modified to include the costs of Facilities Acquisition and
Construction.
Because of these changes, longitudinal
comparisons of expenditures in these expenditure categories
are not available

Current Expense Fund - the fund used to account for the
basic operations of the LEA, comprised of the general fund
and those special revenue funds available for general fund
purposes.
Expenditures in this fund are reported by
expenditure category and object.

DEFINITIONS
Administration - expenditures for the general regulation,
direction, and control of the LEA and the LEA instructional
programs. Activities in this category generally involve the
formulation and execution of educational or financial policy for
the LEA as a whole, rather than the administration of a single
building or narrow phase of school activity. The Administration
category includes board of education services, office of the
superintendent, community relations, business services,
human resources, data processing, printing and duplicating,
purchasing, legal services, planning, research and evaluation
services, centralized support services, and general support
services.

Debt Service Fund - the fund used to account for the
payments of interest and principal on long-term general
obligation debt and state loans, excluding obligations incurred
by the State of Maryland for construction of public school
facilities. The issuance and repayment of debt is the
responsibility of the parent government, except Baltimore City.
Baltimore City Public Schools had been authorized to issue
bonds for cost of projects under the section 4-306.2 of the
Education Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland. All
Maryland LEAs are required to annually report their portion of
long-term debt issued for local education purposes.

Average Number Belonging - the aggregate number of
student days in membership divided by the number of days
schools were open, adjusted for half-day prekindergarten and
kindergarten programs.

Fixed Charges - expenditures of a generally recurrent nature
are not readily chargeable to other expenditure categories,
such as employee benefits, rent, insurance, judgments, and
other items similar in nature to this grouping.

Average Daily Attendance - the aggregate number of student
days attended divided by the number of days schools were
open,
adjusted
for
half-day
prekindergarten
and
prekindergarten programs.

Food Service Fund - expenditures for activities involving the
preparation and serving of meals to students and adults.
Health Services - expenditures for physical and mental health
activities, which provide students with appropriate medical,
dental, and nurse services.

Capital Outlay - expenditures of current funds for directing
and managing the acquisition of, or addition to, fixed assets,
including money spent for land or existing buildings,
improvements to grounds, construction, remodeling, or
renovations.
Community Services - expenditures for activities that are

ii

Instructional Expenditure Categories - expenditures for
activities that deal with teaching regular students and/or
enhancing the educational experience for students.

services to prevent double accounting of expenditures
between education service providers.

Instructional expenditures occur at the school level for
classroom instruction, media services, guidance services,
psychological services, co-curricular activities. Also included
are expenditures for instructional staff development and
curriculum development provided by instructional staff.

Teachers’ Retirement - the annual contribution to the
teachers’ retirement system to support benefits of future
retirees.

Local Education Agency (LEA) - the entity created to provide
educational services for constituents.
Maintenance of Plant - expenditures incurred to keep the
grounds, buildings, and equipment in their original condition of
efficiency or completeness.
Mid-Level Administration - expenditures for district-wide
administration and supervision of instructional programs and
for school administration.
Operation of Plant - expenditures for keeping the physical
plant open and ready for use. They include cleaning services,
utilities, rental of facilities, grounds maintenance, warehousing
and storing services, security services, and other routine
activities.
Special Education - expenditures for students who, through
appropriate assessment, have been determined to have
temporary or long-term special education needs arising from
cognitive, emotional, and/or physical factors.
Student Activities Fund - a fund used to account for the
operations of student activities that are owned, operated, and
managed by the student body under the guidance and/or
direction of staff members or other adults.
Student Personnel Services - expenditures for attendance
services, social work services, student accounting services,
etc.
Transfers - payments by one agency to another for services
rendered.
Transfers are differentiated from contracted

iii

Selected Financial Data
Maryland Public Schools
2016-2017
Part 3 - Analysis of Costs
Table of Contents

Page
Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
Tables
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Cost per Public Elementary and Secondary Pupil Belonging for Current Expenses, Capital Outlay, and Debt Service…....
Cost per Pupil Belonging for Current Expenses ……………………………………………………...…………………………….
Cost per Pupil Belonging by Category………..……………………………………………………………………………………….
Cost per Pupil Attending by Category…………………………………………………………………………………………………
Cost per Pupil Belonging from Federal Funds..…………………………………….………………………………………………...
Cost per Pupil Belonging Excluding Federal Funds……………………….…………………………………………………………
Cost per Pupil Belonging for Materials of Instruction….……………………………………………………………………………..
Percent of Distribution of Current Expenses by Category..………………………………………………………………….………
Percent of Day School Current Expenses...…………………………………………………………………………………………..
Expenditures by Category………….……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Full-time Equivalent Average Number Belonging and Average Daily Attendance………………………………………………..

i
1
2
3
5
7
8
9
10
11
12
13

Table 1
Cost per Public Elementary and Secondary Pupil Belonging* for Current Expenses, Capital Outlay, and Debt Service
Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Current Expense Fund

Capital
Outlay
and Debt
Service**
$727.53

Grand
Total
$14,983.31

Total
$14,255.78

Regular
Programs
$12,760.74

Transportation
$673.42

State Share of
Teachers'
Retirement
$
821.61

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

13,846.61
14,223.71
15,799.40
14,081.31
14,111.93

13,622.78
13,229.00
15,215.21
13,617.84
13,618.60

12,102.75
11,790.65
13,770.18
12,356.10
11,871.47

673.89
679.69
652.97
526.96
876.12

846.14
758.67
792.06
734.78
871.00

223.84
994.71
584.19
463.47
493.33

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

13,261.16
14,151.71
13,666.97
14,371.42
14,272.88

12,929.66
13,483.54
13,100.77
13,734.87
14,261.35

11,499.35
11,884.57
11,620.15
11,946.45
12,782.18

678.90
836.03
658.26
1,005.69
734.29

751.41
762.94
822.36
782.73
744.89

331.49
668.17
566.20
636.55
11.52

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

13,437.87
15,062.30
13,626.57
15,576.27
15,015.29

12,592.95
14,902.57
12,769.79
15,562.06
15,015.29

11,422.89
12,892.48
11,224.54
13,886.77
13,196.50

418.60
1,146.33
836.21
683.64
972.34

751.46
863.76
709.04
991.64
846.45

844.92
159.72
856.78
14.21
-

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

17,158.62
15,101.70
12,821.14
13,381.02
15,429.42

15,605.40
14,613.20
12,821.14
13,026.53
15,427.30

14,057.36
13,017.68
11,167.85
11,428.20
13,521.54

587.86
781.80
890.04
898.98
1,026.17

960.17
813.73
763.25
699.36
879.59

1,553.22
488.50
354.49
2.12

Talbot
12,579.34
12,579.34
11,315.51
525.30
738.52
Washington
13,054.21
12,747.69
11,536.72
480.44
730.52
306.52
Wicomico
14,418.18
13,358.12
11,988.13
574.77
795.22
1,060.06
Worcester
17,358.66
17,330.38
15,326.75
1,003.48
1,000.15
28.28
*Half-time prekindergarten pupils are expressed in full-time equivalents in arriving at per pupil costs.
** Current Capital Outlay means expenditures of current funds which result in the acquisition of new fixed assets or additions to existing
fixed assets; Debt Service expenditures include both principal and interest payments.

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

1

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 2
Cost per Pupil Belonging* for Current Expenses
Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Including Student Transportation
Including State
Excluding State
Share of Teachers'
Share of Teachers'
Retirement
Retirement
Cost
Rank
Cost
Rank
$14,255.78
$13,434.16

Excluding Student Transportation
Including State
Excluding State
Share of Teachers'
Share of Teachers'
Retirement
Retirement
Cost
Rank
Cost
Rank
$13,582.35
$12,760.74

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

13,622.78
13,229.00
15,215.21
13,617.84
13,618.60

11
16
5
13
12

12,776.63
12,470.33
14,423.15
12,883.06
12,747.60

12
16
5
11
13

12,948.89
12,549.31
14,562.25
13,090.88
12,742.48

11
16
4
10
13

12,102.75
11,790.65
13,770.18
12,356.10
11,871.47

11
16
4
10
15

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

12,929.66
13,483.54
13,100.77
13,734.87
14,261.35

19
14
17
10
9

12,178.25
12,720.60
12,278.41
12,952.14
13,516.46

19
14
18
10
9

12,250.76
12,647.50
12,442.51
12,729.18
13,527.07

19
15
17
14
9

11,499.35
11,884.57
11,620.15
11,946.45
12,782.18

19
14
17
13
9

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

12,592.95
14,902.57
12,769.79
15,562.06
15,015.29

23
7
21
3
6

11,841.49
14,038.81
12,060.75
14,570.41
14,168.84

23
7
20
3
6

12,174.35
13,756.24
11,933.58
14,878.41
14,042.95

20
8
23
3
6

11,422.89
12,892.48
11,224.54
13,886.77
13,196.50

21
8
23
3
6

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

15,605.40
14,613.20
12,821.14
13,026.53
15,427.30

2
8
20
18
4

14,645.23
13,799.47
12,057.89
12,327.17
14,547.71

2
8
21
17
4

15,017.53
13,831.40
11,931.10
12,127.56
14,401.13

2
7
24
21
5

14,057.36
13,017.68
11,167.85
11,428.20
13,521.54

2
7
24
20
5

Talbot
12,579.34
24
11,840.82
24
12,054.03
22
11,315.51
Washington
12,747.69
22
12,017.17
22
12,267.24
18
11,536.72
Wicomico
13,358.12
15
12,562.90
15
12,783.35
12
11,988.13
Worcester
17,330.38
1
16,330.23
1
16,326.90
1
15,326.75
*Half-time prekindergarten pupils are expressed in full-time equivalents in arriving at per pupil costs.
NOTE: Includes expenditures for administration, instructional salaries and wages, textbooks and other instructional materials, other instructional
costs, special education, student personnel services, health services, operation of plant, maintenance of plant, and fixed charges;
student transportation and state share of teachers' retirement are included in some columns.

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

2

22
18
12
1

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 3
Cost per Pupil Belonging* by Category: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Total Cost
per Pupil
Cost

$

Mid-level
Administration

Administration
Rank

13,434.16

Cost

Rank

$ 380.85

Cost

Instructional
Salaries
and Wages

Rank

$ 885.86

Cost

Textbooks and
Instructional
Supplies

Rank

$ 5,069.09

Cost

Rank

$ 228.98

Other
Instructional
Costs
Cost

Rank

$ 292.18

Student
Personnel
Services

Special
Education
Cost

Rank

$ 1,539.37

Cost

Student
Transportation

Health
Services

Rank

$ 106.94

Cost

Rank

$ 84.30

Cost

Operation
of Plant

Rank

$ 673.42

Cost

Maintenance
of Plant

Rank

$ 831.19

Cost

Rank

$ 283.05

Fixed
Charges
Cost

Rank

$ 3,058.92

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

12,776.63
12,470.33
14,423.15
12,883.06
12,747.60

12
16
5
11
13

229.20
388.39
843.11
417.04
378.76

22
7
1
6
8

829.84
804.71
924.73
876.90
685.25

17
19
6
15
23

4,820.79
4,797.84
4,550.21
4,679.11
4,921.96

14
15
22
19
12

245.42
394.70
202.42
251.92
170.82

12
4
16
10
21

151.15
202.09
1,027.47
454.22
85.09

11
7
1
3
19

1,643.34
1,323.25
2,026.58
1,397.37
1,528.21

5
14
1
11
9

68.50
98.57
206.75
116.05
88.58

19
10
3
9
13

85.18
0.00
0.25
144.96
94.03

20
23
21
6
18

673.89
679.69
652.97
526.96
876.12

16
14
18
21
8

859.93
817.05
718.42
814.70
911.91

11
15
23
16
6

192.80
226.90
262.89
301.49
189.14

21
19
14
7
22

2,976.59
2,737.14
3,007.35
2,902.35
2,817.72

10
17
9
13
14

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

12,178.25
12,720.60
12,278.41
12,952.14
13,516.46

19
14
18
10
9

352.82
206.85
313.30
369.20
318.09

11
23
13
9
12

916.73
879.27
911.91
883.99
1,154.52

8
14
9
12
2

4,973.13
4,651.71
4,764.05
4,957.58
5,115.08

8
20
17
10
6

188.24
319.91
307.43
215.25
428.16

18
7
8
15
2

222.15
63.37
178.24
82.48
346.91

6
23
10
20
5

1,048.93
1,340.19
1,571.62
1,290.02
1,324.18

23
12
8
15
13

89.44
63.08
86.62
135.05
137.06

12
20
14
7
6

124.24
132.02
106.96
112.91
128.56

13
10
15
14
12

678.90
836.03
658.26
1,005.69
734.29

15
10
17
3
12

737.36
931.28
724.00
955.46
837.89

21
5
22
4
14

165.00
257.96
280.29
254.05
319.08

24
15
12
16
5

2,681.32
3,038.93
2,375.71
2,690.46
2,672.65

21
8
24
19
22

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

11,841.49
14,038.81
12,060.75
14,570.41
14,168.84

23
7
20
3
6

239.77
440.78
286.21
246.03
558.75

21
4
15
19
2

778.93
719.93
714.71
1,086.42
1,005.22

20
21
22
3
5

4,735.45
5,374.10
4,419.28
5,981.62
4,947.86

18
4
24
3
11

216.31
329.77
222.08
192.50
128.34

14
5
13
17
24

52.01
90.35
64.04
86.39
411.59

24
16
22
18
4

1,168.29
1,095.77
1,182.39
1,812.90
1,572.97

18
22
17
3
7

72.86
224.99
46.12
60.70
134.03

17
2
24
21
8

151.25
157.88
90.80
142.51
191.36

4
3
19
8
1

418.60
1,146.33
836.21
683.64
972.34

24
1
9
13
5

812.43
1,066.77
747.83
704.32
979.89

17
2
20
24
3

282.39
280.47
340.66
426.57
316.71

10
11
3
2
6

2,913.21
3,111.67
3,110.40
3,146.82
2,949.78

12
4
5
3
11

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

14,645.23
13,799.47
12,057.89
12,327.17
14,547.71

2
8
21
17
4

276.09
422.54
240.88
185.65
547.36

16
5
20
24
3

920.80
901.87
645.38
906.43
1,218.94

7
11
24
10
1

6,073.26
4,849.70
4,993.10
4,514.36
5,236.95

2
13
7
23
5

171.67
131.85
181.53
484.14
254.65

20
23
19
1
9

64.79
484.67
148.43
87.69
120.88

21
2
13
17
14

1,762.26
1,638.23
1,159.27
1,150.89
1,424.66

4
6
19
20
10

72.21
137.52
56.63
95.50
365.26

18
5
22
11
1

0.01
140.54
98.09
131.11
144.05

22
9
17
11
7

587.86
781.80
890.04
898.98
1,026.17

19
11
7
6
2

861.75
893.29
799.12
849.91
838.25

9
8
18
12
13

218.96
323.28
231.04
244.25
291.56

20
4
18
17
9

3,635.56
3,094.21
2,614.38
2,778.26
3,078.99

1
6
23
15
7

1,139.02
1,018.83
1,268.93
1,822.89

21
24
16
2

75.11
73.56
182.36
51.34

15
16
4
23

0.00
168.25
103.04
147.43

23
2
16
5

525.30
480.44
574.77
1,003.48

22
23
20
4

786.33
896.45
861.07
1,137.99

19
7
10
1

274.63
492.78
297.17
170.92

13
1
8
23

2,762.71
2,688.20
2,724.93
3,510.55

16
20
18
2

Talbot
11,840.82
24
254.81 18
879.89 13
4,790.77
16
155.86 22
196.38
9
Washington
12,017.17
22
300.26 14
818.90 18
4,603.74
21
325.12
6
150.65 12
Wicomico
12,562.90
15
365.92 10
851.60 16
4,968.28
9
248.30 11
116.53 15
Worcester
16,330.23
1
255.10 17
1,080.27
4
6,524.43
1
423.91
3
201.92
8
*Half-time prekindergarten pupils are expressed in full-time equivalents in arriving at per pupil costs.
NOTE: Excludes expenditures for adult education, equipment, state share of teachers' retirement, interfund transfers, and outgoing transfers.

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

3

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 4
Cost per Pupil Attending* by Category: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Total Cost
per Pupil
Cost

Mid-level
Administration

Administration
Rank

$ 13,503.07

Cost

Rank

$ 407.74

Cost

Instructional
Salaries
and Wages

Rank

$ 948.41

Cost

Textbooks and
Instructional
Supplies

Rank

$ 5,427.00

Cost

Rank

$ 245.15

Other
Instructional
Costs
Cost

Student
Personnel
Services

Special
Education

Rank

$ 312.81

Cost

Rank

$ 1,648.06

Cost

Student
Transportation

Health
Services

Rank

$ 114.49

Cost

Rank

$ 90.25

Cost

Operation
of Plant

Rank

$ 720.97

Cost

Maintenance
of Plant

Rank

$ 889.88

Cost

Rank

$ 303.04

Fixed
Charges
Cost

Rank

$ 2,395.27

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

12,709.35
12,447.76
15,551.66
13,037.99
12,568.43

12
16
2
10
15

244.16
412.81
961.90
447.58
400.82

22
7
1
5
8

884.02
855.29
1,055.02
941.12
725.16

17
19
6
12
22

5,135.51
5,099.39
5,191.32
5,021.80
5,208.68

16
17
14
20
12

261.44
419.50
230.94
270.37
180.77

12
4
14
10
21

161.02
214.80
1,172.24
487.48
90.04

11
8
1
3
18

1,750.62
1,406.42
2,312.12
1,499.71
1,617.23

6
14
1
11
9

72.97
104.77
235.89
124.55
93.74

19
10
2
9
13

90.74
0.00
0.28
155.58
99.51

20
23
21
7
18

717.88
722.41
744.97
565.56
927.16

16
15
13
21
8

916.07
868.41
819.64
874.36
965.04

11
16
20
15
6

205.38
241.16
299.93
323.57
200.16

21
19
12
7
22

2,269.52
2,102.82
2,527.41
2,326.32
2,060.11

11
16
3
8
20

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

12,175.19
12,577.49
12,360.47
12,839.55
13,856.69

19
14
17
11
8

375.92
217.57
338.04
389.53
345.11

11
23
13
10
12

976.77
924.85
983.90
932.66
1,252.61

9
15
7
14
2

5,298.82
4,892.83
5,140.16
5,230.58
5,549.67

9
21
15
11
5

200.57
336.50
331.70
227.10
464.54

18
6
7
16
2

236.70
66.66
192.32
87.03
376.38

6
23
10
20
5

1,117.62
1,409.65
1,695.70
1,361.05
1,436.69

22
13
8
16
12

95.30
66.35
93.46
142.49
148.70

12
20
14
8
5

132.37
138.86
115.40
119.13
139.48

13
11
15
14
10

723.36
879.37
710.23
1,061.07
796.67

14
9
18
5
12

785.65
979.56
781.16
1,008.07
909.08

21
5
23
4
12

175.80
271.33
302.42
268.04
346.19

24
15
10
16
6

2,056.30
2,393.97
1,675.99
2,012.79
2,091.55

21
6
24
22
17

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

11,829.65
13,048.35
11,858.58
14,177.60
14,580.03

23
9
22
6
5

255.76
436.54
298.99
256.88
611.50

20
6
15
19
2

830.88
713.01
746.63
1,134.33
1,100.12

20
23
21
4
5

5,051.27
5,322.42
4,616.61
6,245.41
5,414.94

19
8
24
3
6

230.74
326.59
232.00
200.99
140.45

15
8
13
17
24

55.48
89.48
66.90
90.20
450.44

24
19
22
17
4

1,246.20
1,085.24
1,235.19
1,892.85
1,721.46

17
23
18
3
7

77.72
222.82
48.18
63.38
146.68

17
3
24
21
7

161.34
156.36
94.86
148.79
209.43

3
5
19
9
1

446.52
1,135.31
873.55
713.79
1,064.13

24
1
10
17
4

866.61
1,056.51
781.22
735.38
1,072.40

17
3
22
24
2

301.22
277.77
355.87
445.38
346.60

11
14
3
2
4

2,305.92
2,226.29
2,508.59
2,250.22
2,301.89

9
13
4
12
10

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

14,581.05
13,919.82
11,984.21
12,280.91
14,780.10

4
7
20
18
3

294.16
452.93
255.59
196.07
591.89

16
4
21
24
3

981.09
966.74
684.78
957.34
1,318.11

8
10
24
11
1

6,470.89
5,198.55
5,297.94
4,767.92
5,663.00

2
13
10
23
4

182.91
141.34
192.62
511.33
275.36

20
23
19
1
9

69.03
519.53
157.49
92.62
130.71

21
2
13
16
14

1,877.64
1,756.06
1,230.05
1,215.54
1,540.56

4
5
19
20
10

76.94
147.41
60.09
100.87
394.98

18
6
22
11
1

0.01
150.65
104.08
138.47
155.77

22
8
17
12
6

626.35
838.03
944.38
949.47
1,109.65

19
11
7
6
2

918.17
957.54
847.91
897.65
906.44

10
7
18
14
13

233.30
346.53
245.15
257.97
315.28

20
5
18
17
9

2,850.55
2,444.52
1,964.15
2,195.66
2,378.34

1
5
23
14
7

Talbot
11,778.82
24
270.34 18
933.51 13
5,082.69 18
165.36
22
208.35
9
1,208.42
Washington
11,951.07
21
317.94 14
867.10 18
4,874.75 22
344.26
5
159.52 12
1,078.80
Wicomico
12,670.79
13
394.00
9
916.96 16
5,349.57
7
267.35
11
125.47 15
1,366.31
Worcester
16,435.07
1
273.49 17
1,158.14
3
6,994.71
1
454.46
3
216.48
7
1,954.28
*Half-time prekindergarten pupils are expressed in full-time equivalents in arriving at per pupil costs.
NOTE: Excludes expenditures for adult education, equipment, state share of teachers' retirement, interfund transfers, and outgoing transfers.

21
24
15
2

79.69
77.89
196.35
55.04

15
16
4
23

0.00
178.15
110.94
158.06

23
2
16
4

557.31
508.73
618.89
1,075.81

22
23
20
3

834.25
949.22
927.16
1,220.02

19
8
9
1

291.37
521.79
319.98
183.24

13
1
8
23

2,147.54
2,072.92
2,077.81
2,691.35

15
19
18
2

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

4

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 5
Cost per Pupil Belonging* from Federal Funds: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Total
Federal
605.83

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

934.71
461.59
1,215.45
626.78
514.79

1.56
12.16
42.34
42.13
7.78

33.07
6.69
77.25
2.91
4.29

248.35
122.46
405.10
163.56
123.41

25.20
21.81
74.02
37.04
10.39

17.86
8.13
208.22
11.83
10.14

374.21
165.35
147.89
191.99
218.35

2.49
28.10
34.11
-

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

812.98
419.72
589.85
448.32
1,319.07

16.04
7.89
15.01
8.71
-

16.27
4.99
2.57
17.62
34.08

193.18
89.06
144.93
102.99
409.54

46.40
14.57
34.94
39.61
135.63

74.24
1.79
10.40
21.03
126.54

290.11
190.06
247.87
159.48
386.51

402.13
914.84
554.12
348.38
857.68

2.23
39.19
12.55
4.84
18.44

8.77
18.49
14.90
8.63
29.61

95.49
300.36
118.49
91.57
246.64

17.06
17.95
34.62
20.72
31.22

13.40
11.79
16.00
14.75
46.59

455.15
618.76
495.99
660.73
1,417.71

0.39
13.82
8.96
9.37
3.64

9.40
22.25
7.28
22.90
7.39

148.86
218.17
160.51
190.37
529.79

6.57
18.05
22.70
32.23
61.44

5.69
54.88
45.66
39.03
58.02

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent
Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

Administration
15.70

Mid-level
Administration
18.34

Instructional Expenditures
Textbooks and
Other
Salaries
Instructional
Instructional
and Wages
Supplies
Costs
181.04
27.60
38.57

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Student
Transportation
4.69

Operation
of Plant
0.15

Maintenance
of Plant
0.04

7.90
7.64

8.41
2.15
0.92
4.04
1.04

0.02
0.08
0.61
-

-

226.05
120.33
231.54
130.64
131.75

0.07
-

0.05
0.18
-

21.28
1.59
7.32
15.82
13.59

0.00
2.21

-

155.42
109.52
126.81
83.07
210.97

174.32
264.03
224.05
140.03
336.40

6.27
-

30.10
-

1.27
2.55
10.88

0.05
0.03
0.00
-

0.80
-

83.26
232.90
130.17
67.84
137.89

158.21
172.74
158.40
193.82
238.86

2.92
1.80
2.86
142.43

4.60
0.65
3.71
3.88

1.45
5.83
10.95
30.74
33.76

0.48
1.56
0.27

0.39
-

121.65
106.62
80.40
133.74
338.23

2.74
9.67
16.24
35.27

0.08
1.25

Special
Education
178.97

Student
Personnel
Services
8.97

Health
Services
2.14

Talbot
591.91
7.59
26.83
139.28
14.03
74.07
205.57
Washington
622.83
12.33
45.44
183.69
16.88
7.99
183.32
0.05
0.07
Wicomico
802.51
23.92
9.28
271.68
52.71
37.54
185.81
12.81
0.53
Worcester
959.37
5.48
10.19
301.67
52.08
65.82
343.09
12.16
*Half-time prekindergarten pupils are expressed in full-time equivalents in arriving at per pupil costs.
NOTE: Excludes expenditures for adult education, equipment, state share of teachers' retirement, interfund transfers, and outgoing transfers.

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

5

-

Fixed
Charges
129.63

121.80
163.37
191.91
132.35

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 6
Cost per Pupil Belonging* Excluding Federal Funds: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Instructional Expenditures
Textbooks and
Other
Instructional Instructional
Salaries
Supplies
Costs
and Wages
$4,888.05
$201.38
$253.62

Total
Non-Federal
$12,828.34

Administration
$365.15

Mid-level
Administration
$867.53

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

11,841.92
12,008.74
13,207.70
12,256.29
12,232.80

227.64
376.23
800.77
374.90
370.98

796.78
798.03
847.48
873.99
680.96

4,572.44
4,675.38
4,145.11
4,515.56
4,798.55

220.23
372.89
128.41
214.89
160.43

133.29
193.96
819.26
442.38
74.95

1,269.13
1,157.90
1,878.70
1,205.37
1,309.86

68.50
96.08
178.65
81.94
88.58

85.18
0.25
137.06
86.39

665.47
677.53
652.05
522.92
875.08

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

11,365.27
12,300.88
11,688.55
12,503.82
12,197.40

336.78
198.95
298.29
360.49
318.09

900.46
874.27
909.34
866.37
1,120.44

4,779.94
4,562.65
4,619.11
4,854.59
4,705.54

141.84
305.34
272.50
175.63
292.53

147.91
61.58
167.85
61.45
220.37

758.82
1,150.13
1,323.75
1,130.54
937.67

89.44
63.01
86.62
135.05
137.06

124.19
131.84
106.96
112.91
128.56

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

11,439.37
13,123.97
11,506.63
14,222.03
13,311.16

237.54
401.59
273.67
241.18
540.31

770.16
701.45
699.82
1,077.79
975.61

4,639.97
5,073.75
4,300.79
5,890.05
4,701.22

199.25
311.81
187.47
171.78
97.11

38.60
78.56
48.05
71.64
365.00

993.97
831.74
958.34
1,672.87
1,236.57

66.59
224.99
46.12
60.70
134.03

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

14,190.08
13,180.71
11,561.90
11,666.45
13,130.00

275.69
408.72
231.92
176.27
543.71

911.40
879.61
638.10
883.53
1,211.55

5,924.40
4,631.54
4,832.59
4,324.00
4,707.16

165.10
113.80
158.84
451.92
193.21

59.10
429.78
102.77
48.66
62.86

1,604.06
1,465.49
1,000.87
957.07
1,185.79

Talbot
11,248.90
247.22
853.06
4,651.49
141.83
122.31
Washington
11,394.34
287.93
773.45
4,420.04
308.23
142.66
Wicomico
11,760.40
342.00
842.32
4,696.60
195.59
78.99
Worcester
15,370.85
249.62 1,070.08
6,222.76
371.83
136.10
*Half-time prekindergarten pupils are expressed in full-time equivalents in arriving at per pupil costs.

933.45
835.50
1,083.12
1,479.79

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

6

Student
Personnel Health
Special
Education Services Services
$1,360.40
$97.97 $82.16

Student
Transpor- Operation
tation
of Plant
$668.74
$831.04

Maintenance
of Plant
$283.01

Fixed
Charges
$2,929.29

859.93
817.03
718.33
814.08
911.91

192.80
226.90
262.89
301.49
189.14

2,750.53
2,616.80
2,775.80
2,771.71
2,685.97

657.62
834.45
650.94
989.88
720.70

737.36
931.28
724.00
955.46
835.69

165.00
257.96
280.29
254.05
319.08

2,525.90
2,929.41
2,248.90
2,607.39
2,461.68

151.25
127.78
90.80
142.51
191.36

417.33
1,146.33
833.66
683.64
961.45

812.38
1,066.74
747.83
704.32
979.89

282.39
280.47
339.86
426.57
316.71

2,829.94
2,878.76
2,980.23
3,078.98
2,811.89

69.29
135.71
56.63
92.64
222.83

0.01
135.94
97.43
127.40
140.17

586.41
775.96
879.09
868.23
992.40

861.75
893.29
798.64
848.35
837.98

218.96
323.28
231.04
243.86
291.56

3,513.91
2,987.59
2,533.98
2,644.51
2,740.77

75.11
73.51
169.55
51.34

168.17
102.51
135.27

522.57
470.77
558.53
968.21

786.33
896.45
861.00
1,136.74

274.63
492.78
297.17
170.92

2,640.92
2,524.83
2,533.03
3,378.19

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 7
Cost per Pupil Belonging* for Materials of Instruction **: Maryland Public Schools: 2014-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Total Supplies and Materials
2014-2015
2015-2016
2016-2017
$259.27
218.78
228.98

2014-2015
$40.91

Textbooks
2015-2016
$44.19

2016-2017
$39.90

2014-2015
$12.61

Library Materials
2015-2016
2016-2017
$13.07
$12.68

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

255.31
424.22
245.86
299.24
171.51

235.94
393.59
153.33
260.78
152.08

261.44
419.50
230.94
270.37
180.77

12.23
127.34
15.29
60.25
18.49

9.47
174.16
9.55
73.57
30.18

236.41
290.93
220.69
188.40
122.97

12.67
14.16
0.15
28.78
12.53

13.08
17.56
0.28
24.83
11.56

11.46
110.09
10.04
59.66
44.62

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

218.36
330.17
318.52
337.62
638.65

201.27
289.05
198.20
225.71
482.38

200.57
336.50
331.70
227.10
464.54

23.99
56.74
7.33
24.12
77.81

16.47
50.71
7.40
20.80
50.67

178.01
268.75
233.27
193.21
409.67

8.40
19.97
10.37
8.29
0.85

9.41
19.65
9.92
8.87
50.05

13.47
46.85
86.40
24.57
54.87

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

280.05
337.85
232.75
311.54
255.81

209.33
341.61
203.54
242.49
165.93

230.74
326.59
232.00
200.99
140.45

73.75
84.70
20.08
51.66
84.29

48.71
121.22
20.80
36.21
42.27

152.28
151.08
201.61
189.49
110.44

22.52
6.43
19.95
12.36
0.00

21.33
5.85
12.35
14.14
15.16

57.71
170.23
16.51
11.50
13.27

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

166.77
152.24
223.91
230.15
298.49

136.82
138.91
188.28
325.24
409.47

182.91
141.10
192.62
511.33
275.36

22.24
18.19
0.00
28.45
34.46

22.10
15.79
0.15
28.00
123.41

131.45
120.01
180.83
257.58
223.38

12.62
4.31
11.00
12.60
9.16

14.58
3.46
11.02
31.94
9.66

28.61
17.37
0.10
230.97
41.90

Talbot
196.02
44.57
121.47
158.36
165.36
5.83
4.04
0.68
Washington
348.72
8.97
319.58
387.26
344.26
20.35
0.03
0.00
Wicomico
296.05
43.89
206.70
239.80
267.35
43.01
13.83
13.25
Worcester
541.56
20.14
397.89
420.20
454.46
34.29
6.52
6.34
*Half-time prekindergarten pupils are expressed in full-time equivalents in arriving at per pupil costs.
** Include textbooks, library materials and other instructional and special education supplies and materials. Exclude Adult Education expenditures.

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

7

40.71
14.25
46.55
47.60

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 8
Percent Distribution of Current Expenses by Category*: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Administration
2.78%

Mid-level
Administration
6.37%

Instruction**
40.42%

Special
Education
13.13%

Student
Personnel
Services
0.77%

Health
Services
0.71%

Pupil
Transportation
5.08%

Operation
of Plant
6.02%

Maintenance
of Plant
2.10%

Fixed
Charges
21.95%

Community
Services
0.18%

Capital
Outlay
0.49%

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

1.69
3.18
5.49
3.18
2.97

6.15
6.24
6.01
6.53
5.19

39.39
42.21
38.02
40.26
40.01

16.13
12.40
15.39
13.37
12.56

0.51
0.76
1.34
0.86
0.68

0.63
1.01
1.08
0.72

5.14
5.37
4.23
4.41
6.65

6.43
6.38
4.66
6.07
7.24

1.44
1.87
1.72
2.34
1.52

21.99
21.21
19.49
21.61
21.34

0.37
0.04
0.04
0.56

0.12
0.34
2.63
0.24
0.55

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

2.75
1.58
2.69
2.76
2.34

7.16
6.70
7.25
6.56
8.49

43.17
38.59
42.16
39.04
43.35

10.08
12.16
13.71
10.62
9.77

0.70
0.48
0.69
1.00
1.01

0.99
1.01
0.85
0.84
0.95

5.44
6.40
5.25
7.46
5.69

5.82
7.30
5.80
7.25
6.18

1.35
2.34
2.34
2.27
2.47

20.91
23.17
18.86
19.96
19.66

1.37
0.09
0.19
0.55
-

0.27
0.19
0.22
1.69
0.08

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

1.98
3.05
2.29
1.68
3.92

6.37
4.92
5.70
7.26
6.91

40.95
40.61
38.18
42.05
38.74

11.45
8.10
12.22
13.59
12.40

0.60
1.54
0.37
0.41
0.91

1.24
1.08
0.73
0.95
1.30

4.03
7.92
6.67
4.57
6.60

6.67
7.53
6.09
4.71
6.65

2.36
2.15
2.82
2.86
2.22

23.83
21.26
24.69
21.04
20.02

0.17
0.71
0.11
0.78
0.28

0.36
1.14
0.13
0.10
0.05

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

1.86
2.97
2.00
1.48
3.69

6.11
6.32
5.32
7.24
9.02

41.99
38.57
43.94
40.70
38.07

13.53
14.31
10.09
10.04
9.73

0.48
0.99
0.47
0.76
2.48

0.00
0.98
0.81
1.05
0.97

4.52
5.53
7.33
7.19
7.08

5.77
6.26
6.61
6.80
5.70

1.51
2.26
1.91
1.95
2.08

24.13
21.64
21.53
22.21
20.77

0.10
0.16
0.24
0.40

0.33
0.01

2.41
4.06
2.40
1.07

22.68
21.72
20.63
21.27

0.56
0.02
0.31
0.02

0.31
3.19
0.19

Talbot
2.17
7.22
43.57
9.39
0.62
4.83
6.56
Washington
2.43
6.62
41.56
9.78
0.59
1.36
4.13
7.43
Wicomico
2.77
6.47
40.66
10.00
1.38
0.78
4.60
6.79
Worcester
1.58
6.56
43.45
11.20
0.31
0.89
6.13
7.33
*Expenditures include equipment and outgoing transfers reported in each category. Percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding.
** Includes Instructional Salaries and Wages, Textbooks and Instructional Supplies, and Other Instructional Costs.

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

8

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 9
Percent Distribution of Day Current Expenses by Category*: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Administration
2.83%

Mid-level
Administration
6.59%

Instructional
Salaries
and Wages
37.73%

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

1.79
3.11
5.85
3.24
2.97

6.50
6.45
6.41
6.81
5.38

37.73
38.47
31.55
36.32
38.61

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

2.90
1.63
2.55
2.85
2.35

7.53
6.91
7.43
6.83
8.54

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

2.02
3.14
2.37
1.69
3.94

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

1.89
3.06
2.00
1.51
3.76

Textbooks and
Instructional
Supplies
1.70%

Other
Instructional
Costs
2.17%

Special
Education
11.46%

Pupil
Personnel
Services
0.80%

Health
Services
0.63%

Student
Transportation
5.01%

1.92
3.17
1.40
1.96
1.34

1.18
1.62
7.12
3.53
0.67

12.86
10.61
14.05
10.85
11.99

0.54
0.79
1.43
0.90
0.69

0.67
0.00
1.13
0.74

5.27
5.45
4.53
4.09
6.87

6.73
6.55
4.98
6.32
7.15

1.51
1.82
1.82
2.34
1.48

23.30
21.95
20.85
22.53
22.10

40.84
36.57
38.80
38.28
37.84

1.55
2.51
2.50
1.66
3.17

1.82
0.50
1.45
0.64
2.57

8.61
10.54
12.80
9.96
9.80

0.73
0.50
0.71
1.04
1.01

1.02
1.04
0.87
0.87
0.95

5.57
6.57
5.36
7.76
5.43

6.05
7.32
5.90
7.38
6.20

1.35
2.03
2.28
1.96
2.36

22.02
23.89
19.35
20.77
19.77

6.58
5.13
5.93
7.46
7.09

39.99
38.28
36.64
41.05
34.92

1.83
2.35
1.84
1.32
0.91

0.44
0.64
0.53
0.59
2.90

9.87
7.81
9.80
12.44
11.10

0.62
1.60
0.38
0.42
0.95

1.28
1.12
0.75
0.98
1.35

3.54
8.17
6.93
4.69
6.86

6.86
7.60
6.20
4.83
6.92

2.38
2.00
2.82
2.93
2.24

24.60
22.16
25.79
21.60
20.82

6.29
6.54
5.35
7.35
8.38

41.47
35.14
41.41
36.62
36.00

1.17
0.96
1.51
3.93
1.75

0.44
3.51
1.23
0.71
0.83

12.03
11.87
9.61
9.34
9.79

0.49
1.00
0.47
0.77
2.51

0.00
1.02
0.81
1.06
0.99

4.01
5.67
7.38
7.29
7.05

5.88
6.47
6.63
6.89
5.76

1.50
2.34
1.92
1.98
2.00

24.82
22.42
21.68
22.54
21.16

Talbot
2.15
7.43
40.46
1.32
1.66
9.62
0.63
Washington
2.50
6.81
38.31
2.71
1.25
8.48
0.61
Wicomico
2.91
6.78
39.55
1.98
0.93
10.10
1.45
Worcester
1.56
6.62
39.95
2.60
1.24
11.16
0.31
*State share of Teachers' retirement is included; equipment, outgoing transfers, and adult education are excluded.

1.40
0.82
0.90

4.44
4.00
4.58
6.14

6.64
7.46
6.85
6.97

2.32
4.10
2.37
1.05

23.33
22.37
21.69
21.50

Operation
of Plant
6.19%

Maintenance Fixed
of Plant
Charges
2.11%
22.77%

NOTE: Percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding.

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

9

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 10
Current Expenses by Category*: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Total
Current
Expenditures**
$12,506,126,592

Administration
$334,107,478

Pupil
Personnel
Services
$93,814,688

Health
Services
$73,954,399

Student
Transportation
$590,773,616

Operation
of Plant
$729,174,563

Maintenance
of Plant
$248,314,324

114,481,730
1,066,607,036
1,237,261,312
1,507,317,367
214,759,199

1,926,130
31,314,887
68,559,652
46,160,478
5,972,851

6,973,749
64,881,235
75,196,436
97,061,072
10,806,037

40,512,503
386,832,542
370,011,393
517,916,866
77,617,137

2,062,442
31,823,048
16,460,589
27,884,663
2,693,745

1,270,235
16,294,073
83,551,442
50,275,863
1,341,779

13,810,125
106,689,127
164,796,394
154,670,255
24,099,197

575,649
7,947,327
16,812,712
12,844,868
1,396,893

715,842
19,939
16,045,309
1,482,802

5,663,137
54,800,655
53,097,524
58,328,033
13,816,088

7,226,628
65,876,153
58,419,894
90,176,227
14,380,478

1,620,199
18,293,872
21,377,314
33,371,079
2,982,712

25,014,343
220,685,490
244,549,719
321,252,106
44,434,133

7,110,748
61,168,627
64,408,305
81,330,547
13,735,347

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

72,613,354
338,486,001
199,423,257
359,912,547
68,085,972

1,981,429
5,192,581
4,769,190
9,674,714
1,518,599

5,148,376
22,072,864
13,881,317
23,164,209
5,511,872

27,929,228
116,774,908
72,519,547
129,909,820
24,420,193

1,057,172
8,031,022
4,679,832
5,640,405
2,044,121

1,247,604
1,590,888
2,713,273
2,161,436
1,656,183

5,890,818
33,643,551
23,923,596
33,803,947
6,321,845

502,292
1,583,653
1,318,577
3,538,925
654,326

697,720
3,314,112
1,628,126
2,958,857
613,767

3,812,738
20,987,521
10,020,217
26,353,417
3,505,598

4,141,042
23,378,595
11,020,962
25,037,061
4,000,237

926,620
6,475,619
4,266,690
6,657,146
1,523,343

15,058,377
76,288,206
36,163,740
70,501,678
12,759,667

4,219,938
19,152,481
12,518,190
20,510,932
3,556,221

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

521,612,869
52,202,223
469,773,518
861,634,022
29,939,233

9,931,487
1,544,002
10,529,191
13,621,867
1,114,107

32,264,075
2,521,860
26,292,782
60,152,446
2,004,332

196,147,347
18,824,949
162,576,111
331,188,019
9,865,625

8,959,978
1,155,136
8,169,997
10,658,244
255,894

2,154,170
316,493
2,356,060
4,783,439
820,677

48,391,737
3,838,384
43,497,681
100,375,985
3,136,366

3,017,994
788,107
1,696,580
3,360,923
267,239

6,264,875
553,045
3,340,517
7,890,220
381,558

17,338,904
4,015,490
30,762,393
37,851,618
1,938,757

33,651,519
3,736,778
27,511,048
38,996,338
1,953,824

11,696,781
982,452
12,532,001
23,618,069
631,485

120,667,953
10,899,857
114,425,186
174,231,979
5,881,620

31,126,049
3,025,669
26,083,972
54,904,876
1,687,748

2,463,041,936
1,907,846,256
98,222,405
229,258,166
44,845,605

43,575,644
55,164,732
1,845,383
3,267,244
1,591,114

145,332,587
117,744,262
4,944,239
15,952,591
3,543,341

958,559,004
633,159,659
38,252,014
79,449,743
15,223,282

27,095,094
17,214,086
1,390,712
8,520,548
740,229

10,225,768
63,276,122
1,137,114
1,543,288
351,384

278,142,674
213,880,796
8,881,139
20,254,949
4,141,335

11,397,555
17,953,515
433,855
1,680,821
1,061,786

1,577
18,348,109
751,443
2,307,454
418,735

92,784,281
102,068,532
6,818,561
15,821,355
2,982,965

136,012,334
116,624,140
6,122,045
14,957,876
2,436,704

34,559,448
42,205,994
1,769,997
4,298,605
847,529

573,810,099
403,968,950
20,028,674
48,895,431
8,950,329

151,545,870
106,237,360
5,847,230
12,308,260
2,556,873

Talbot
56,057,291
1,135,506
3,921,056
21,349,095
694,554
Washington
284,205,121
6,694,221
18,256,974
102,638,659
7,248,385
Wicomico
195,753,787
5,362,250
12,479,636
72,806,636
3,638,632
Worcester
112,786,384
1,660,219
7,030,432
42,461,124
2,758,784
* Excludes Food Service, Community Services, Capital Outlay, Adult Education, equipment, and transfers.
** Excludes Adult Education, but includes State-paid Teachers' Pension/Retirement.

875,144
3,358,678
1,707,666
1,314,109

5,075,802
22,714,383
18,595,243
11,863,370

334,711
1,639,899
2,672,343
334,138

3,751,011
1,509,906
959,474

2,340,913
10,711,346
8,422,907
6,530,663

3,504,125
19,986,080
12,618,423
7,406,053

1,223,839
10,986,402
4,354,806
1,112,322

12,311,482
59,932,402
39,931,947
22,846,710

3,291,064
16,286,682
11,653,393
6,508,985

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

Mid-level
Instructional
Textbooks and
AdminisSalaries
Instructional
tration
and Wages
Supplies
$777,137,779 $4,446,945,403 $200,877,312

Other
Instructional
Costs
$256,322,888

Special
Education
$1,350,438,700

10

Fixed
Charges
$2,683,490,077

State Share of
Teachers'
Retirement
720,775,367

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Table 11
Full-time Equivalent Average Number Belonging and Average Daily Atttendance*
Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017
Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Average
Daily
Membership
877,267

Average
Daily
Attendance
819,412

8,404
80,626
81,317
110,687
15,770

7,889
75,859
71,275
103,134
14,902

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

5,616
25,104
15,222
26,204
4,774

5,271
23,867
14,108
24,837
4,400

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

41,421
3,503
36,788
55,368
1,994

38,831
3,537
35,215
53,029
1,822

157,833
130,556
7,661
17,599
2,907

148,134
121,796
7,220
16,663
2,688

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

Talbot
4,456
Washington
22,295
Wicomico
14,654
Worcester
6,508
*Half-day prekindergarten pupils have been equated to full-time.

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

11

4,200
21,055
13,610
6,070

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Expenditures for All Purposes*: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Current Expense Fund
Student
Special
Personnel
Education
Services
$ 1,605,797,456 $
94,297,225

Expenditures
From All Funds
**
$ 13,953,710,787

Total Current
Expense
Fund
$ 12,226,025,553

Administration
$ 339,715,857

Mid-level
Administration
$ 778,260,872

141,532,903
1,220,005,139
1,355,200,425
1,742,358,420
231,470,060

113,733,333
1,040,470,391
1,254,953,776
1,486,673,823
208,227,544

1,926,888
33,126,676
68,918,872
47,251,885
6,180,561

6,989,273
64,881,235
75,471,920
97,065,929
10,806,037

44,800,498
439,137,948
477,192,226
598,570,855
83,315,646

18,341,883
128,986,995
193,198,358
198,772,062
26,154,643

575,649
7,947,327
16,812,712
12,844,868
1,409,505

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

77,630,992
347,648,278
211,181,374
387,543,654
72,910,901

72,025,187
329,264,822
191,733,758
353,158,187
64,891,560

1,981,429
5,192,910
5,150,686
9,748,058
1,518,599

5,156,309
22,074,052
13,901,636
23,164,209
5,511,872

31,093,278
127,079,669
80,841,767
137,863,037
28,132,868

7,260,935
40,029,355
26,279,454
37,503,150
6,337,049

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

611,462,173
55,068,814
514,460,605
926,508,325
30,541,371

506,437,751
51,276,452
463,492,752
828,113,661
29,381,729

10,034,727
1,562,883
10,623,267
13,933,391
1,151,365

32,264,075
2,521,860
26,427,427
60,152,446
2,028,829

207,401,113
20,821,804
176,953,480
348,246,018
11,383,662

2,853,337,482
2,105,896,176
98,992,501
233,495,417
48,130,253

2,378,038,835
1,866,695,749
93,015,607
220,199,338
43,091,399

44,235,134
55,502,764
1,855,932
3,267,244
1,591,049

145,332,587
117,973,767
4,944,239
15,952,591
3,886,190

56,952,301
293,808,451
219,239,931
118,334,842

54,288,613
275,898,174
193,572,164
107,390,948

1,179,563
6,713,608
5,371,162
1,697,204

3,921,196
18,259,283
12,530,967
7,042,943

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset
Talbot
Washington
Wicomico
Worcester

Student
Transportation
$ 620,556,314

Operation
of Plant
$ 736,017,879

12,649,853
16,045,309
1,505,969

5,850,495
55,903,491
53,097,524
65,595,607
13,853,914

7,314,971
66,385,660
58,518,455
90,206,884
15,085,959

502,292
1,583,653
1,321,324
3,538,925
654,326

715,380
3,314,112
1,631,860
2,958,857
613,767

3,915,557
21,057,977
10,057,070
26,359,748
3,695,074

4,193,341
24,033,592
11,114,043
25,593,059
4,010,137

57,964,349
4,151,781
56,633,616
112,516,258
3,644,457

3,017,994
788,107
1,714,422
3,360,923
267,239

6,264,875
553,045
3,373,446
7,890,220
381,558

20,428,809
4,063,587
30,934,598
37,876,468
1,938,757

33,760,658
3,863,610
28,216,779
38,996,338
1,953,824

998,427,198
720,020,309
40,874,369
89,627,680
16,406,155

321,689,948
267,203,278
9,383,087
22,097,267
4,190,982

11,397,555
18,396,759
433,855
1,680,821
1,067,546

1,577
18,352,504
751,443
2,307,454
419,696

107,541,885
103,193,328
6,820,554
15,821,355
3,051,940

137,246,392
116,873,092
6,145,880
14,981,223
2,455,131

23,651,672
114,666,189
78,705,551
46,665,772

5,096,545
26,973,774
19,363,440
12,024,789

335,044
1,639,899
2,672,343
334,138

3,756,475
1,509,906
959,474

2,622,903
11,388,160
8,909,383
6,578,128

3,561,559
20,487,321
13,153,133
7,866,840

Instruction
4,941,878,764

$

Health
Services
$ 86,673,015
716,235

*Interfund transfers and transfers between Maryland local education agencies are not shown on this table.
**Excludes Debt Principal repayment and Student Activity Fund Expenditures.

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

12

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Expenditures for All Purposes*: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

Current Expense Fund (continued)

Debt Service Fund

Student
Activity Fund
Memorandum
Only

Current
Capital
Outlay
60,463,835

Food Service
Fund
$
383,532,770

School
Construction Fund
$ 1,089,033,692

Interest
$ 158,704,558

Principal
$ 326,118,696

425,844
447,950
644,661
1,170,333

136,916
3,556,701
32,957,174
3,591,344
1,150,648

5,086,885
30,856,560
49,765,063
48,270,243
4,893,196

22,194,132
119,038,568
45,913,177
191,665,665
17,038,624

518,553
29,639,620
4,568,409
15,748,689
1,310,697

-

2,861,638
14,449,024
4,686,311
715,000
5,538,127

15,058,377
76,288,206
36,163,740
70,501,678
12,759,667

985,275
283,938
358,579
1,933,318
-

192,633
638,712
421,328
5,981,695
55,019

3,570,324
6,002,015
6,167,316
13,253,638
2,725,152

1,464,139
8,661,065
10,638,302
18,248,717
5,294,188

571,342
3,720,376
2,641,999
2,883,111
-

1,225,594
47,003,365
9,979,000
32,149,000
5,474,332
1,130,131
12,414,435
5,693,126
8,582,793
-

-

998,567
4,999,863
3,104,891
6,192,692
1,262,053

11,952,291
1,100,022
13,088,731
23,645,135
652,285

120,667,953
10,899,857
114,425,186
174,231,979
5,881,620

848,809
366,282
503,733
6,477,625
83,526

1,832,097
583,613
598,066
786,861
14,606

12,292,975
2,688,669
16,270,103
14,856,666
1,159,642

84,516,051
1,103,693
23,576,768
83,537,997
-

8,215,397
11,120,983
-

24,949,804
19,800,174
-

-

6,499,059
1,247,320
6,200,538
12,519,592
256,864

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

35,895,098
42,235,556
1,777,575
4,298,605
894,930

573,810,099
403,968,950
20,028,674
48,895,431
8,950,329

2,461,363
2,975,443
536,001
171,282

733,664
6,169

57,280,423
72,816,740
2,297,325
6,760,151
1,953,059

270,871,800
145,484,010
3,679,568
5,343,863
3,085,794

50,732,210
20,899,677
1,192,065
-

98,003,112
42,876,912
4,312,990
-

Talbot
Washington
Wicomico
Worcester

1,306,849
11,190,258
4,639,308
1,147,462

12,311,482
59,932,402
39,931,947
22,846,710

301,801
48,861
605,680
22,189

841,944
6,179,345
205,297

1,947,460
12,280,373
7,642,507
2,696,286

716,228
3,959,446
14,754,287
8,247,608

1,670,458
3,270,973
-

4,321,290
8,202,637
-

Fixed
Charges
2,683,490,077

Community
Services
$
21,652,495

1,640,337
19,410,918
21,586,964
34,832,313
3,160,195

25,014,343
220,685,490
244,549,719
321,252,106
44,434,133

970,381
7,688,645
4,492,271
8,012,453
1,603,183

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert
Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

Maintenance
of Plant
$ 257,221,765

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

$

$

13

$

Other
96,414,214

96,414,214
-

$136,981,897

35,498,522
16,847,010
3,506,823
700,338
800,769
4,819,426
3,277,471
-

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Expenditures* for Calculating Cost per Pupil Belonging from Federal Funds: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

Local
Education
Agency
Total State

$

Total
Federal
531,470,866

$

Administration
13,769,350

$

Instructional Expenditures
Textbooks and
Other
Instructional
Instructional
Supplies
Costs
$
24,212,772 $
33,832,416

Mid-level
Administration
16,085,730

Salaries
and Wages
$ 158,820,241

Expenditures* for Calculating Cost per Pupil Belonging from Federal Funds: Maryland Public Schools: 2016-2017

$

Special
Education
157,005,324

$

Student
Personnel
Services
7,872,237

$

Health
Services
1,875,556

$

Student
Transportation
4,110,221

$

Operation
of Plant
130,781

$

Maintenance
of Plant
36,112

$

Fixed
Charges
113,720,126

Allegany
Anne Arundel
Baltimore City
Baltimore
Calvert

7,855,001
37,216,362
98,837,283
69,375,967
8,118,085

13,111
980,679
3,442,855
4,663,504
122,728

277,885
539,079
6,281,784
322,169
67,629

2,087,060
9,873,376
32,941,556
18,103,866
1,946,119

211,733
1,758,178
6,018,876
4,099,692
163,864

150,099
655,465
16,931,611
1,309,975
159,894

3,144,717
13,331,494
12,025,663
21,251,022
3,443,309

200,697
2,285,057
3,775,042
-

874,789
120,462

70,711
173,501
74,474
447,430
16,451

1,822
6,907
67,969
-

-

1,899,686
9,702,072
18,828,500
14,460,510
2,077,629

Caroline
Carroll
Cecil
Charles
Dorchester

4,565,742
10,536,537
8,978,911
11,747,945
6,297,431

90,080
198,171
228,488
228,315

91,355
125,380
39,179
461,620
162,705

1,084,930
2,235,691
2,206,209
2,698,656
1,955,209

260,583
365,761
531,824
1,038,073
647,540

416,909
44,937
158,285
551,146
604,109

1,629,281
4,771,123
3,773,159
4,178,939
1,845,253

1,831
-

285
4,425
-

119,498
39,855
111,365
414,428
64,871

117
10,534

-

872,822
2,749,248
1,930,402
2,176,767
1,007,209

Frederick
Garrett
Harford
Howard
Kent

16,654,369
3,206,604
20,384,894
19,289,207
1,710,133

92,327
137,282
461,514
268,080
36,776

363,112
64,754
548,067
477,954
59,046

3,955,173
1,052,119
4,358,987
5,070,051
491,773

706,777
62,892
1,273,435
1,147,188
62,256

555,241
41,297
588,477
816,783
92,892

7,220,318
924,882
8,242,453
7,753,017
670,749

259,887
-

105,430
-

52,714
93,731
21,696

2,116
96
-

29,326
-

3,448,821
815,832
4,788,809
3,756,134
274,946

Montgomery
Prince George's
Queen Anne's
St. Mary's
Somerset

71,836,827
80,783,043
3,799,750
11,628,338
4,121,139

62,142
1,804,035
68,662
164,960
10,594

1,483,432
2,905,173
55,771
403,109
21,474

23,495,502
28,483,315
1,229,662
3,350,318
1,540,053

1,037,120
2,357,105
173,877
567,147
178,586

898,000
7,165,207
349,815
686,868
168,659

24,970,264
22,551,717
1,213,466
3,411,106
694,354

461,398
235,218
50,381
414,029

600,000
5,009
65,351
11,280

229,341
761,644
83,903
541,033
98,148

3,651
27,506
774

6,786
-

19,199,629
13,919,630
615,933
2,353,772
983,189

2,637,737
33,824
119,578
620,671
62,520
376,427
1,013,084
4,095,376
13,885,753
275,003
11,760,181
350,527
136,063
3,981,269
772,401
6,243,628
35,694
66,327
1,963,299
338,918
*Excludes Adult Education, Equipment, all Transfers but Federal Funds Indirect Cost Recovery.

330,099
178,174
550,121
428,355

916,079
4,087,143
2,722,956
2,232,863

1,007
187,689
-

1,660
7,740
79,126

12,195
215,692
237,996
229,546

1,151
8,138

-

542,770
3,642,188
2,812,268
861,361

Talbot
Washington
Wicomico
Worcester

MSDE - LFRO 04/2018

14

Selected Financial Data - Part 3

Exhibit 113

Sen. Tim Kaine tours Virginia shelter housing about 15 separated migrant children - The ... Page 1 of 2

The Washington Post

Immigration
Sen. Tim Kaine tours Virginia shelter housing about 15 separated migrant children

by Nick Anderson and Marissa J. Lang June 22 Email the author
About 15 migrant children recently separated from their parents near the southwestern U.S. border are staying at a
shelter in Northern Virginia, according to the shelter’s leadership.
Sen. Tim Kaine (D-Va.) toured the Youth for Tomorrow facility Friday in the Prince William County community of
Bristow, aides said, speaking with some of the migrant children and learning from the staff that many of the
youngsters arrived there “traumatized.”
The children — girls from 10 to 17 years old — were taken to the shelter, according to Gary Jones, chief executive of
Youth for Tomorrow, after the Trump administration began a recent, highly publicized immigration enforcement
crackdown.
Jones said two of the girls are expected to be reunited with their parents soon. He said he did not have additional
details.

[‘The only son I have’: A Guatemalan mother’s emotional reunion with her son]
The administration’s “zero tolerance” approach emphasized prosecution of adults who cross the border illegally,
which led to children being taken from their parents and housed in shelters, while the parents were placed in
criminal detention.
President Trump signed an order this week meant to end family separations at the border, although the details of
implementing it remain unclear.
“The Trump administration needs to assure us that every single one of the children they separated from their
parents is quickly and safely returned to their families,” Kaine said in a statement. “The first step toward that goal is
identifying where every child is being held, releasing a list of those facilities, and letting members of Congress visit
all of those locations.”
Kaine said he was thankful that Youth for Tomorrow allowed him to visit and appreciated the organization’s efforts
to reunify families. He contended that federal authorities are not being transparent about the locations where
children are being kept.
Jones said Youth for Tomorrow is sheltering dozens of migrant children from Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador.
Most arrived at the U.S.-Mexico border alone, he said, but about 15 had traveled with parents.
“Here’s the thing that agitates some of us: Every single kid here has been separated from their families,” Jones
said. “There are families that send their kids here by themselves. It’s not right that we’re separating children from
their families when they come across the border, but every child they have here has been separated from their
families if they’re an immigrant child. Every single one.”

[The Fix: Three lessons from Trump’s immigration fiasco]
At least 2,500 migrant children were separated from parents under Trump administration actions starting in early
May. The federal Office of Refugee Resettlement, part of the Department of Health and Human Services, has placed
many of them in shelters and foster homes around the country.Lawmakers and state officials have pressed for a
detailed accounting of those arrangements, so far with limited success.
A media unit within the HHS Administration for Children and Families did not respond to an email from The
Washington Post this week seeking information about the number of separated children sent to Maryland and
Virginia.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/immigration/sen-tim-kaine-tours-virginia-shelter-h... 6/25/2018

Sen. Tim Kaine tours Virginia shelter housing about 15 separated migrant children - The ... Page 2 of 2

Efforts to track the separated children face bureaucratic hurdles. They are being handled under the same process
the government uses to shelter undocumented migrant children who come to the United States unaccompanied by
parents.
The Capital Area Immigrants’ Rights Coalition said four shelters in Virginia and two in Maryland are designated to
receive unaccompanied migrant children. Some separated migrant children are also living in foster homes in
Maryland.
A spokeswoman for Maryland Gov. Larry Hogan (R) said his administration has requested information from the
federal government about the placement of separated children in the state.
Hogan, who withdrew a National Guard helicopter crew from the southern border this week to protest the family
separations, “believes any children located in Maryland should be reunited with their families,” spokeswoman
Amelia Chasse said in an email.

Read more:
In a Maryland foster home, four young migrant children separated at the border

 2 Comments

Nick Anderson covers higher education and other education topics for The Washington Post. He has
been a writer and editor at The Post since 2005.  Follow @wpnick
Marissa J. Lang is a local reporter covering the D.C. metro area.  Follow @Marissa_Jae

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/immigration/sen-tim-kaine-tours-virginia-shelter-h... 6/25/2018

Exhibit 114

Immigrant Children's Program | dhcf

Page 1 of 4

311 Online

Agency Directory

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Contact
Mayor Muriel Bowser

Department of Health Care Finance - DHCF
Department of Health Care Finance - DHCF
Office Hours
Monday to Friday, 8:15 am to 4:45 pm
Connect With Us
441 4th Street, NW, 900S, Washington, DC 20001
Phone: [phone]
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Ask the Director
Agency Performance

Immigrant Children's Program

Immigrant Children’s Program
What is the Immigrant Children’s Program?

https://dhcf.dc.gov/service/immigrant-childrens-program

6/25/2018

Immigrant Children's Program | dhcf

Page 2 of 4

The Immigrant Children’s Program is a program designed to provide health coverage to individuals
under the age of twenty-one (21) who are not eligible for Medicaid. Services covered under the
Immigrant Children’s Program are identical to the services covered under Medicaid for children
under age twenty-one (21).
Who is eligible for the Immigrant Children’s Program?
You may be eligible for the Immigrant Children’s Program, if you:
1. Are under the age of twenty-one (21)
2. Are a District resident;
3. Are not eligible for Medicaid; and
4. Have income at or below 200% of the FPL
*There is no resource test for the Immigrant Children’s Program.
The District covers this population with household income up to 200% of the Federal Poverty
Level
Category
Threshold in FPL

Immigration Children's Program
200

1 person household,  monthly
2 person household, monthly

$1,945
$2,622

3 person household, monthly
4 person household, monthly

$3,298
$3,975

5 person household, monthly
6 person household, monthly

$4,652
$5,328

7 person household, monthly
8 person household, monthly

$6,005
$6,682

What are some of the services that the Immigrant Children’s Program covers?
• Doctor visits
• Eye care
• Preventive care (checkups, diet and nutrition)
• Dental services and related treatment
• Prescription drugs
• Laboratory services
• Medical supplies

https://dhcf.dc.gov/service/immigrant-childrens-program

6/25/2018

Immigrant Children's Program | dhcf

Page 3 of 4

The services offered under the Immigrant Children’s Program are very similar to the services offered
to children enrolled in DC Medicaid. There is no Fee-For-Service provision for children enrolled in
ICP. 
What are some of the services that the Immigrant Children’s Program does not cover?
• Cosmetic surgery or procedures that are not medically necessary
• Recreational therapy or experimental treatment, supplies, equipment or drugs
How are services received?
Once a child has been determined eligible for the Immigrant Children’s Program, he or she will be
automatically assigned to a managed care health plan. There is a 90 day grace period to request a
change in the managed care provider. The Immigrant Children’s Program does not allow providers
(doctors, hospitals, and managed care organizations) to charge co-payments or fees for health
services.
Immigrant Children program enrollees are not eligible for retroactive coverage.
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6/25/2018

Immigrant Children's Program | dhcf

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https://dhcf.dc.gov/service/immigrant-childrens-program

6/25/2018

Exhibit 115

Exhibit 116

Jayapal Goes Inside Federal Detention Center to Meet With Asylum-Seeking Women: “T... Page 1 of 2

Jayapal Goes Inside Federal
Detention Center to Meet With
Asylum-Seeking Women: “The
mothers could not stop crying”
June 9, 2018 | Press Release
SEATTLE – Congresswoman Pramila Jayapal, member of the House Judiciary Committee, issued
the following statement after demanding and being given access to the Federal Detention Center in
SeaTac, Washington to look at conditions and speak with 174 immigrant women detained inside:
“What I heard from the women today being held at the detention center was heartbreaking. They are
there only because of the Trump administration’s cruel new ‘zero tolerance’ policies of family
separation. They spoke of fleeing threats of rape, gang violence and political persecution. They
spoke of their children who have been killed by gangs and their fear of being raped. The mothers
could not stop crying when they spoke about their children – young girls and boys who were taken
from them with no chance to say goodbye and no plan for reunification.
“Of the 206 immigrants being held there, 174 are women. I spent almost three hours meeting with
the women, almost all of whom are asylum seekers. They come from 16 different countries with the
largest numbers from Cuba, El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala. Over a third of the women were
mothers who had been forcibly separated from their children, who range in age from 1-year-old to
teenagers. The vast majority of the mothers have not spoken with their children in weeks and they
have no idea where they are. Most have been held in detention for more than two weeks and many
for over a month.
“They should not be held in federal prison, but the women I spoke to said SeaTac is the first place
they feel they’ve been treated as human beings – thanks to the standards in place at governmentowned and operated facilities, rather than the privately contracted facilities of DHS.
“The women talked of being held in Border Patrol facilities that they termed the ‘dog pound,’
because of inhumane fenced cages, and the ‘ice box,’ because temperatures are frigid and
detainees are given no blankets or mats. They also spoke of lack of access to food and water, and
said they suffered humiliation and verbal abuse from border agents who called them ‘filthy’ and
‘stinky,’ and told them that their ‘families would not exist anymore’ and that they would “never see
their children again.’

https://jayapal.house.gov/media/press-releases/jayapal-goes-inside-federal-detention-center... 6/21/2018

Jayapal Goes Inside Federal Detention Center to Meet With Asylum-Seeking Women: “T... Page 2 of 2

“Also extremely troubling were the accounts of mass prosecutions, where individuals were
processed through the court system in groups of up to 100 at a time with no ability to speak
individually to a judge.
“I call on the Trump administration to release all of these individuals immediately, to give them
access to attorneys to quickly process their asylum claims, and for them to be immediately reunited
with their children. It is outrageous that Department of Homeland Security is violating human rights
and our international legal obligations under human rights law to swiftly and humanely process
asylum seekers. I will also continue to push to defund ICE, to completely reform the immigration
detention system and end mass prosecutions by the Department of Justice, and defund any
Department of Homeland Security programs that break up families.
“What I saw today is simply not who, we, as a country should be. This is cruel and inhumane
treatment and we cannot allow it to continue on our watch.”

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https://jayapal.house.gov/media/press-releases/jayapal-goes-inside-federal-detention-center... 6/21/2018

Exhibit 117

A Brazilian mother seeking asylum was freed from detention. Her son was not - The Bost... Page 1 of 2

Nation

A Brazilian mother seeking
asylum was freed from
detention. Her son was not

The border fence near Santa Teresa, N.M., the town where Lidia Souza and her son Diogo presented
herself to immigration authorities, seeking asylum from imminent, personal violence in their native
Brazil.

By Akilah Johnson
GLOBE STAFF

JUNE 22, 2018

https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2018/06/22/brazilian-mother-seeking-asylum-...

6/25/2018

A Brazilian mother seeking asylum was freed from detention. Her son was not - The Bost... Page 2 of 2

It’s been 23 days since Lidia Souza has seen her son, held his hand, or hugged
him good night.
The two, fleeing what Souza characterized as
imminent, personal violence in their native
Brazil, were separated by immigration authorities
at the US-Mexico border last month.
Souza, who came to the United States seeking
asylum and is now staying in Hyannis, spent
weeks in detention in Texas not knowing where
her son, Diogo, was being held. But then a
conversation with another mother who was also
being detained provided her with the kernel of
information she needed to find him. The mother,
also Brazilian, had been able to speak with her
daughter, who was being held in Chicago. The
little girl had a friend there named Diogo.

LUANA MAZON
Lidia Souza and her son Diogo

Souza, 27, got the phone number of the facility, called, and asked if her son was
there. He was.
She was eventually released from detention. Her son, however, was not.
They now are allowed to speak twice a week for 10 minutes at a time. One of
those calls was Monday, his ninth birthday, which they spent more than 1,000
miles apart.
Diogo is one of the more than 2 300 children who have been separated from
© 2018 Boston Globe Media Partners, LLC

https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2018/06/22/brazilian-mother-seeking-asylum-...

6/25/2018

Exhibit 118

Guatemalan in Westboro sees the effects of separation policy firsthand

Page 1 of 2

Guatemalan in Westboro sees the effects of separation policy
firsthand

By Mark Sullivan
Telegram & Gazette Staff
Posted Jun 20, 2018 at 8:43 PM
Updated Jun 21, 2018 at 5:51 AM

WESTBORO - Elmer Oliva came to a demonstration at the Westboro rotary Wednesday to say thanks.
Demonstrators were protesting the Trump administration’s policy of separating children from their parents when
they are illegally crossing the U.S. border.
Mr. Oliva, 47, an immigrant seeking asylum from conditions in Guatemala, said his 17-year-old son and 9-year-old
daughter arrived in Massachusetts Tuesday after having been detained with his wife, accused of illegally crossing the
border from Mexico into the United States, and taken into custody under the “zero tolerance” policy.
His children, Elmer Jr., 17, and Keyri, 9, had been separated for five weeks from their mother, Lubin Jimenez, 43.
She remains in a detention center in Texas; the children had been sent to a detention facility in Grand Rapids,
Michigan, about 1,500 miles away.
“She cried a lot,” he said of his daughter. “She cried, ‘I want to go to my mother.’ ”

http://www.telegram.com/news/20180620/guatemalan-in-westboro-sees-effects-of-separati... 6/25/2018

Guatemalan in Westboro sees the effects of separation policy firsthand

Page 2 of 2

Mr. Oliva, a house painter, said he arrived in this country two years ago and is living in Westboro. He said his wife
and children sought to escape political violence in Guatemala and join him here. He hopes his wife will be reunited
with him in two or three weeks.
Mr. Oliva thanked the demonstrators for their support. “I am very happy,” Mr. Oliva said, to be reunited with his
children.
On Wednesday, other local protests against separation of families were heard.
The Rev. Philip L. Boroughs, president of College of the Holy Cross, issued a statement decrying the “shameful”
treatment on the southern U.S. border.
“With thousands of families displaced from their homes each day, many fleeing devastating violence, it is
inconceivable that the U.S. government is compounding their misery with an ill-conceived ‘zero tolerance’
immigration policy responsible for separating children from their parents,” Rev. Boroughs said.
“This policy must end,” he said. “I am personally appalled at the use of children for the sake of achieving political
goals. Even as we enforce laws, we must do so in a humane way, one which recognizes the human dignity inherent
in every person, particularly those who are most vulnerable. We must meet those looking for asylum with love and
empathy, not ill-intended policies that add to their suffering in the name of order.
“As Pope Francis said today, ‘A person’s dignity does not depend on them being a citizen, a migrant, or a refugee.
Saving the life of someone fleeing war and poverty is an act of humanity.’
“As a community, the College of the Holy Cross lends our voice to those of Pope Francis, our fellow Jesuits, faith and
political leaders of all denominations and points of view, and loving people everywhere, who have spoken out
against the shameful practice of separating children from their families,” Rev. Boroughs said.

http://www.telegram.com/news/20180620/guatemalan-in-westboro-sees-effects-of-separati... 6/25/2018

Exhibit 119

Zero-tolerance policy impacts New Mexico | Albuquerque Journal

Page 1 of 6

Delivery alert until NaN

Zero-tolerance policy impacts New Mexico
By Angela Kocherga / Journal Staff Writer - Las Cruces Bureau
Published: Tuesday, June 19th, 2018 at 11:35pm
Updated: Wednesday, June 20th, 2018 at 7:48am

Customs and Border patrol agents question people at the international bridge in El Paso heading into the
U.S. (Roberto E. Rosales/Journal)
Nine-year-old Anabell Saenz of Las Cruces pauses
for a moment before continuing to protest with
her family outside of Border Patrol Headquarters
Tuesday morning. The protest was held to voice
opposition to minors being separated from their
parents. (Roberto E. Rosales/Journal)

https://www.abqjournal.com/1186875/zerotolerance-policy-impacts-new-mexico.html

6/25/2018

Zero-tolerance policy impacts New Mexico | Albuquerque Journal

Page 2 of 6

Copyright © 2018 Albuquerque Journal
SANTA TERESA – The New Mexico border region is the backdrop for the President Trump
administration’s zero-tolerance policy that has separated hundreds of children from their parents in
recent weeks.
In the past, most parents caught crossing the border in El Paso and New Mexico illegally who had no
prior deportations or criminal charges were released with ankle monitors and allowed to remain with
their children while their cases moved through the immigration courts.
Part of the reason for that tactic was a court settlement that barred the government from holding kids in
detention centers longer than 20 days, even with their families.
Now, because the zero-tolerance policy calls for detaining everyone crossing illegally – regardless of
whether it is their first time – parents are locked up and the children are placed in the care of the U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services. HHS has had to set up temporary shelters, including several
tents in Tornillo, Texas, for teenage boys to make room for younger kids at other shelters. The shelters
are not considered detention centers.
New Mexico does not have any of its own shelters, so children crossing with parents in New Mexico are
sent to shelters across the country.
There is no limit to how long HHS can retain custody of children although the average stay is about 50
days before children are placed with a sponsor. The federal government is required to choose family
members as sponsors whenever possible, even if those relatives are undocumented.
The El Paso Border Patrol sector, which includes all of New Mexico, apprehended 7,401 people between
October 2016 through May 2017. From October 2017 through May 2018, the number has fallen by 35
percent to 4,765, according to the federal government.
At the same time, there’s been a surge in families arriving at ports of entry in the region, most seeking
asylum, from 4,996 in 2017 to 9,514, according to numbers just released from Customs and Border
Protection.
The number of asylum seekers has overwhelmed CBP, and officers have been posted in the middle of
international bridges and border crossing to screen people as they enter the U.S. to ask for asylum.

https://www.abqjournal.com/1186875/zerotolerance-policy-impacts-new-mexico.html

6/25/2018

Zero-tolerance policy impacts New Mexico | Albuquerque Journal

Page 3 of 6

On Tuesday, officers were questioning nearly every parent with a child and asking them to show
documents before proceeding to the official immigration checkpoint. Some Central American families
have been turned away and asked to come back another day.
“Port of Entry facilities were not designed to hold hundreds of people at a time who may be seeking
asylum,” said Roger Maier, a CBP spokesman in El Paso, in an emailed statement.
Immigrant rights organizations have said the delay in allowing people to cross the border is another
effort to deter asylum seekers.
“No one is being denied the opportunity to make a claim of credible fear or seek asylum,” Maier said.
“CBP officers allow more people into our facilities for processing once space becomes available or other
factors allow for additional parties to arrive.”
Many asylum seekers are released while their cases move through immigration court. But asylum
seekers who arrive without children increasingly are sent to detention centers.
Seeking asylum
While typically asylum seekers with children are not detained, there are reports of cases in which
families seeking asylum are separated.
In at least one case, an asylum seeker crossing into New Mexico was detained and separated from a child
long before the zero-tolerance policy. Maria Vandelice de Bastos showed up at the Santa Teresa border
crossing with her 16-year-old disabled grandson seeking asylum 10 months ago. She hasn’t seen him
since.
“She is devastated,” said immigration attorney Eduardo Beckett, who represents the 54-year-old
grandmother from Brazil.
She remains in a detention center in El Paso waiting for a ruling on her asylum case from an immigration
judge. Her grandson Matheus – who has severe epilepsy, neurological problems and is autistic – is at a
facility in Connecticut.
“… This is what we call the criminalization of the asylum process, in my opinion, from what I’m seeing
on the ground,” Beckett said.
He said Vandelice de Bastos fled her native Brazil after getting death threats when she complained about
conditions at her grandson’s school that led to the firing of the principal.
“The principal happened to have a brother who was a cop, and he showed up at her doorstep,” Beckett
said.
Immigrant advocacy organizations and human rights groups say the increasingly harsh measures on the
border are designed to deter families seeking a safe haven in the U.S.
“This didn’t happen overnight, and it didn’t happen in the last year, it has been such an evolution of
border enforcement policies,” said Johana Bencomo, community organizer for NM CAFÉ, a faith-based
organization in Las Cruces.
Vandelice de Bastos’ attorney said the message from the Trump administration for families arriving on
the border these days is clear.
“Don’t come here,” Beckett said. “Don’t apply for asylum. Go home.”
Hundreds protest
New Mexicans were among hundreds of demonstrators who showed up outside the El Paso Immigration
Detention Center on Tuesday for a protest against family separation. The protest was organized by the

https://www.abqjournal.com/1186875/zerotolerance-policy-impacts-new-mexico.html

6/25/2018

Zero-tolerance policy impacts New Mexico | Albuquerque Journal

Page 4 of 6

Border Network for Human Rights. Protesters also chanted “free the children” outside the nearby Border
Patrol Headquarters.
U.S. Department of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen defended the controversial zerotolerance policy.
“The border is being overrun by those who have no right to cross it,” she said.
“As long as illegal entry remains a criminal offense, DHS will no longer look the other way,” Nielsen
said.
The other alternative is “just let the entire family walk, in which case you’re very unlikely to see them
again if they don’t have a valid claim,” said Ira Melman, a spokesman for Americans for Immigration
Reform, an organization that advocates for a tighter border controls and lower levels of legal
immigration. “They’re just going to game the system.”
More from ABQJournal.com
Luján visits migrant kids detained in Texas

'These are kids that are torn away from their families,' he says…
continue reading »

Contact the writer.

NASCAR
Road warrior: Truex tricks Harvick on track,
conquers Sonoma
The Latest: Martin Truex Jr. conquers Sonoma's
road course
NASCAR Cup drivers taking on road course in
Sonoma
Justin Haley races to first NASCAR Truck victory

https://www.abqjournal.com/1186875/zerotolerance-policy-impacts-new-mexico.html

6/25/2018

Zero-tolerance policy impacts New Mexico | Albuquerque Journal

Page 5 of 6

Something different: NASCAR drivers embrace
Sonoma challenge

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6/25/2018

Exhibit 120

Mothers in a New Mexico Prison Do Not Know How to Find Their Children | The New Y... Page 1 of 6

Dispatch

Mothers in a New Mexico Prison Do
Not Know How to Find Their
Children
June 21, 2018

Photograph by Philip Montgomery for The New Yorker

https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/mothers-in-a-new-mexico-prison-do-not-know... 6/25/2018

Mothers in a New Mexico Prison Do Not Know How to Find Their Children | The New Y... Page 2 of 6

https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/mothers-in-a-new-mexico-prison-do-not-know... 6/25/2018

Mothers in a New Mexico Prison Do Not Know How to Find Their Children | The New Y... Page 3 of 6

https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/mothers-in-a-new-mexico-prison-do-not-know... 6/25/2018

Mothers in a New Mexico Prison Do Not Know How to Find Their Children | The New Y... Page 4 of 6

VIDEO FROM THE NEW YORKER

https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/mothers-in-a-new-mexico-prison-do-not-know... 6/25/2018

Mothers in a New Mexico Prison Do Not Know How to Find Their Children | The New Y... Page 5 of 6

https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/mothers-in-a-new-mexico-prison-do-not-know... 6/25/2018

Mothers in a New Mexico Prison Do Not Know How to Find Their Children | The New Y... Page 6 of 6

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https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/mothers-in-a-new-mexico-prison-do-not-know... 6/25/2018

Exhibit 121

20 immigrant children have arrived in N.J. in the last 30 days. Here's what we know. | NJ.... Page 1 of 4

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NEW JERSEY REAL-TIME NEWS

20 immigrant children have arrived in N.J. in the
last 30 days. Here's what we know.
Posted June 21, 2018 at 12:32 PM | Updated June 22, 2018 at 12:24 PM

3.8k
shares

Comments

By Kelly Heyboer and Erin Banco | NJ Advance Media for NJ.com
Twenty immigrant children have arrived in New Jersey within the past 30 days since the
implementation of President Trump’s “zero tolerance policy,” including three who were
separated from their parents at the border, according to a social services agency based in
Camden.
A spokeswoman for Center for Family Services, Jen Hammill, said the other 17 children
were unaccompanied minors, but she did not not provide their ages or the location of the
shelters in South Jersey.
Overall, she said, the agency is currently housing a total of 27 children with the majority
housed in one facility and the others in a separate location that includes parents and
guardians. She added that over the past year the agency has housed a total of 90 children,
the vast majority crossing the border as unaccompanied minors.
"Family reunification is our primary goal," Hammill said. "Center For Family Services takes
steps to reunite children with their families and to develop a plan for a safe and healthy
future for each child."
In the past few weeks, thousands of children have been separated from their parents at the
U.S.-Mexico border and sent to facilities across the country. A national outcry has ensued
over the past few days as media outlets have published photos of children being held in
cage-like structures in facilities in Texas.
However, on Wednesday, President Donald Trump signed an executive order ending his
administration's controversial policy of separating immigrant children from their
parents if they are caught illegally crossing the border.
The new order does not end Trump's "zero-tolerance" policy on immigrants caught entering
the U.S. illegally and raises a new set of questions about how the government will handle
children and families in detention moving forward.
The policy could have a big impact on New Jersey, which has one of the largest immigrant
populations in the country and continues to rank as one of the top destinations for immigrant
children detained while crossing the border alone.

1

https://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2018/06/are_immigrant_kids_being_held_in_nj_heres...

6/25/2018

20 immigrant children have arrived in N.J. in the last 30 days. Here's what we know. | NJ.... Page 2 of 4

A young boy is detained along with his family members in Texas. (Carolyn Cole/Los Angeles Times/TNS)

The $4 million contract
The Center for Family Services has a $4 million contract with the U.S. Department of Health
and Human Services to house immigrant children, federal officials said.
The agency has a series of homes and facilities where children are placed temporarily.
Hammill said the Center for Family Services needs families in South Jersey to take in
children.
Before the government began separating immigrant children from their parents, the shelter
was mostly used to house immigrant children and teenagers who crossed into the U.S. on
their own.
A spokesman for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services declined to say if
there are any other facilities in New Jersey housing immigrant children.
"For the safety and security of minors in the unaccompanied alien children program, we do
not identify specific shelters or children in the program," said Kenneth Wolfe, U.S.
Department of Health and Human Services.

What does Trump's new order say?
The new executive order signed Wednesday stops immigrant families from being split
up into separate facilities when they are detained at the border.
“I didn’t like the sight or the feeling of families being separated,” Trump said, reversing his
previous position.
However, the order shifts the policy to one of "family detention," so families will be detained
together. The order has no direction for how the more than 2,000 children who have already
been separated from their parents will be reunited with their families. But federal officials
said they are working on a plan to return children to their parents.

Will shelters start housing immigrant families under Trump's new order?

1

Questions remain about whether the current system can handle detaining large numbers of
immigrant families waiting for their cases to be heard. Under the previous system, families
were often released and given a court date to return for their hearing, though many did not
show up.
Under the Obama administration, children could only be held in immigration detention for 20

https://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2018/06/are_immigrant_kids_being_held_in_nj_heres...

6/25/2018

20 immigrant children have arrived in N.J. in the last 30 days. Here's what we know. | NJ.... Page 3 of 4

days or less.
The federal government already has little room for the families currently in custody at the
border and has began using some federal prisons to house immigrants in detention.
It is unclear if they will begin sending immigrant families to facilities in other states, including
New Jersey, if there is a backlog.

Are some immigrant children still being separated from their parents?
Though Trump's order stops the separation of children and parents at the border, immigrant
children are still losing their parents in New Jersey because of increasing arrests by
Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents, immigration advocates said.
Arrests by ICE agents in New Jersey jumped 42 percent in fiscal year 2017 after the
Trump administration increased its crackdown on illegal immigration.
In many cases the children of immigrant parents in detention stay with relatives. In some
cases, they are taken to shelters for unaccompanied minors.
"Although many of these forced family separations are happening in Texas, it is an issue for
New Jersey, too. The immigration detention facility in Elizabeth also houses parents who
have been separated from their children while the parent awaits immigration proceedings,"
said Cecilia Zalkind, president and chief executive officer of Advocates for Children of New
Jersey, a non-profit group.
"As a mother and grandmother, I understand what we all innately know – that a child needs
their parents and family. No matter where they live, children should not be a bargaining chip.
Their protection must be a priority for all of us," Zalkind said.
Immigration advocates have held protests at the immigration detention center in
Elizabeth, including one of Father's Day, to highlight that immigrant children are being
separated from their parents every day without the publicity the issue has gotten at the
U.S.-Mexico border.

How will Trump's new order affect kids who illegally cross the border
without their parents?
New Jersey remains one of the top states where the federal Office of Refugee Resettlement
sends children who cross into the U.S. illegally without their parents.
Last year, 2,300 of those children were sent to live with "sponsor" families, usually
relatives or close friends, in New Jersey while the kids await deportation hearings. They
range in age from babies to 17 year olds.

1

That sponsor family system is not expected to change under Trump's new executive order.
Union, Hudson and Bergen counties were the top destinations for the unaccompanied
immigrant children last year, according to federal statistics.

https://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2018/06/are_immigrant_kids_being_held_in_nj_heres...

6/25/2018

20 immigrant children have arrived in N.J. in the last 30 days. Here's what we know. | NJ.... Page 4 of 4

Many of the children apply for asylum, a process that often takes years, immigration
advocates said.

Read more about immigration in N.J.:
• What happens when kids cross the U.S. border alone? Thousands end up in
these 10 N.J. counties
• Yes, you have to pay taxes -- and 5 other surprises in N.J.'s new college aid plan
for unauthorized immigrants
• How much will it cost N.J. taxpayers to send unauthorized immigrants to
college?
• Which N.J. colleges enroll the most unauthorized immigrants?
• ICE arrests surging in N.J. under Trump. Here's why
Kelly Heyboer may be reached at [e-mail]. Follow her on
Twitter @KellyHeyboer. Find her at KellyHeyboerReporter on Facebook.
Staff reporter Erin Banco contributed to this report.

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1

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6/25/2018

Exhibit 122

For Undocumented Workers On Vermont Farms, 2017 Was A Year Filled With Anxiety |... Page 1 of 12



(http://digital.vpr.net/)

-button&utm_medium=website&utm_content=&utm_campaign=ongoing)

LOADING...
VPR News Special: Decoding The Russia Probe
VPR News (/programs/vpr-news)

For Undocumented Workers On Vermont
Farms, 2017 Was A Year Filled With
Anxiety
By JOHN DILLON (/PEOPLE/JOHN-DILLON)


Tweet



•

JAN 5, 2018
Share



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(http://facebook.com/sharer.php?

(https://plus.google.com/share

url=http%3A%2F%

u=http%3A%2F%

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http://digital.vpr.net/post/undocumented-workers-vermont-farms-2017-was-year-filled-anx... 6/25/2018

For Undocumented Workers On Vermont Farms, 2017 Was A Year Filled With Anxiety |... Page 2 of 12

(http://mediad.publicbroadcasting.net/p/vpr/files/styles/x_large/public/201801/2018_VPR_FFarmerRobHunt_Jo

West Addison dairy farmer Rob Hunt has employed migrant workers for more than a decade. He says
they have been vital to the success of his operation, and he's worried about their future.
JOHN DILLON / VPR

Listen
5:54

An escalation in immigration enforcement over the past year has brought a new level of
anxiety for the several thousand migrant farm workers living in Vermont.
For the first time since 2010, arrests and detentions
(https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/local-media-release/cbp-announces-fy17-bordersecurity-statistics-new-england) by the U.S. Border Patrol increased in Vermont, New
Hampshire and northeastern New York last year.
The workers – many of them undocumented – are critically important to the state’s
farm economy. To give you a sense of how important, consider that twice a year the
Mexican government comes (http://digital.vpr.net/post/mexican-consulate-coming-

http://digital.vpr.net/post/undocumented-workers-vermont-farms-2017-was-year-filled-anx... 6/25/2018

For Undocumented Workers On Vermont Farms, 2017 Was A Year Filled With Anxiety |... Page 3 of 12

middlebury-saturday#stream/0) to a Vermont farm community to help hundreds of its
citizens with financial and legal advice, and to issue passports and other government
documents.
About 140 mostly undocumented workers turned out at a church meeting hall in
Middlebury on a recent Saturday to share a warm meal with friends and to meet with
their government officials.
Jose Aguilar had come over from New
Hampshire to renew his passport. Our
interpreter, Chris Urban, asked him when
he wants to head home to Mexico. Aguilar
laughs. “Tomorrow morning,” he said,
“because it will be late today.”
Aguilar – who likes to practice his English
(http://mediad.publicbroadcasting.net/p/vpr/files/styles/x_large/public/201612/facing– joked that he can’t leave for his home in
change-NENC-ryan-caron-kingMexico right away because there’s a long
20161220.png)
line to get his passport renewed. But he’s
CREDIT RYAN CARON KING / NENC
not going home. And when asked why he’s
in New England, and he gave the same
answer as the other workers here.
“I work on the farm with the cows,” he said. “Just working, and working hard!”     
Aguilar slipped back to Spanish as he talks about how living conditions for his family in
Mexico, their housing – even their basic nutrition — has improved with the remittances
he sends home.
“Yes," he said.

"The sacrifice is worth it because here we can achieve
what we could never achieve in Mexico." — dairy
worker Jose Aguilar

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So the work is steady, the pay helps their families. But most of the farm workers
interviewed in Middlebury said the stress of living while undocumented has increased
over the last year.
Felipe – who did not want his last name used — works on a large dairy farm in Bristol
with about a dozen other Mexicans.
“Because of Trump’s immigration laws, one walks around with a bit more fear and is a
bit more nervous to leave the house and go out,” he said.
Julia Doucet, a nurse with the Open Door (http://opendoormidd.org/) clinic in Addison
County, was coordinating free health screenings for the migrants at the Middlebury
meeting. She said the increased stress can affect physical and mental health.

(http://mediad.publicbroadcasting.net/p/vpr/files/styles/x_large/public/201801/2018_Nurse
OpenDorClinic_JohnDillon_0.JPG)
Nurse Julia Doucet, seen here at a health screening for migrant workers in Middlebury, says a recent survey
found many experienced more anxiety and stress over the past year.
CREDIT JOHN DILLON / VPR

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"Chronic stress and anxiety definitely has a direct correlation to poor health outcomes,”
she said. “When your nervous system is at that high alert all the time, you can have
trouble sleeping, you can have depression, some serious anxiety, and all those play into
both negative health and negative mental health.”
Doucet said the clinic recently surveyed about 100 migrant workers to gauge their
current level of stress over the past year.

"80 percent of the people that we interviewed felt
either more scared, or a lot more scared, more
anxious or a lot more anxious about going out in
public places." — Julia Doucet, the Open Door clinic
“And that was one of the questions that we had, is how has the new administration has
affected their level of stress, their anxiety, and their fear, and their sadness,” she said.
“And we found that pretty much 80 percent of the people that we interviewed felt
either more scared, or a lot more scared, more anxious or a lot more anxious about
going out in public places, and doing social events; and they were somewhat more
anxious about getting health care as well.”
On a farm with sweeping views of the Adirondacks to the west and the Green
Mountains to the east, dairy farmer Rob Hunt is focused on a broken piece of
machinery, but also the fate of his workforce.
He was working on a “silage facer” when I caught up to him. It’s device that uses metal
teeth to chew through piles of feed to expose a fresh layer for the cows.
“That’s pretty hard, and this machine works,” he said. “And like anything, it wears out.”
Hunt admitted he’s much more passionate about his cows than his machinery. And he
said the Mexicans he’s hired over the last decade to milk and care for his herd have
been crucial to the success of his West Addison, Vermont, farm.
So he’s worried about them getting stopped or deported.

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“For me, I work with these guys every day. I know where they’re from. How many kids
they have. I know a lot about them,” he said. “So I’m concerned about what happens to
them, their safety and security. But also, if they swoop in and they clean out my
workforce, my wife and I can’t run this place by ourselves. So, yeah, the concern is real.”

"I'm concerned about what happens to them, their
safety and security. But also, if they swoop in and
they clean out my workforce, my wife and I can't run
this place by ourselves." — Rob Hunt, dairy farmer
Hunt said the best solution would be some sort of guest worker program that would
allow people to be here legally.
He said he pays his workers as much or more than Americans, if you include the
housing, TV, utilities and transportation he provides. But he can’t find U.S. workers to
fill the positions:
“There’s always a shortage of American labor on farms," Hunt explains. "Our day starts
at 2:30 in the morning. And that eliminates about 75 percent of the American
population right there.”
Add the fact cows have to be milked 365 days a year, in conditions that can be hot, cold,
muddy and smelly:  “And that pretty much eliminates the last 5 percent of the American
population,” he said.
Like Hunt, Jose Aguilar, who’s been waiting for his new passport at the Middlebury
mobile consulate, would also like to see Mexican workers be able to come here under a
guest worker permit. That way, he could travel back and forth to Mexico to see his
family without fear.
And to the question of if he's taking a job that an American would want?
“I don’t think so,” he said. “It’s hard because sometimes we need to work in the night.
And some Americans, they can’t do that. It’s a lot of hours, like 12, 14 a day; sometimes
[we] don’t have a day off. I think they can do it for a few days, but after a while they
would be broke up.”

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He laughed at his own observation. “That’s funny but it’s true.”
Aguilar said if he could talk to people making the immigration laws, he would tell them
most immigrants are not criminals or bad people. They just want the opportunity to
support a family and live a normal life.
WATCH — Dec. 2016: "Despite Federal Guidelines, Indiscriminate Immigration
Arrests Still Occur In Vermont" (VPR) (http://digital.vpr.net/post/despite-federalguidelines-indiscriminate-immigration-arrests-still-occur-vermont#stream/0)

…

"I'm not a priority to be deported. I'm not a criminal. I came to this country just to work."
Check out the full story: http://bit.ly/2hsXqjK
65

14

50

Mexicans and other migrants from Central America have worked on Vermont farms for
more than a decade. And some of them have stayed that long.
Hugo, who did not want his last name published, has lived in Vermont, on and off for
almost 20 years. He said people here have opened their doors to migrant workers. But
he’s worried about the future.

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“I came to Vermont when I was 19 years old and I’m 38 years old. It’s just about half my
life. So of course, I’m thinking: Should I just stay?” he said. “I hope to God no one comes
to get us or deport us. I’ve been here a long time.” 
This report is part of a series called "Facing Change." (https://nenc.news/facing-change-in-thenations-oldest-region/) It comes from the New England News Collaborative, eight public
media companies coming together to tell the story of a changing region.
TAGS: 

NEW ENGLAND NEWS COLLABORATIVE (/TERM/NEW-ENGLAND-NEWS-COLLABORATIVE)

VPR NEWS (/TERM/VPR-NEWS-1)

FOOD & AGRICULTURE (/TERM/FOOD-AGRICULTURE)

IMMIGRATION (/TERM/IMMIGRATION)

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Exhibit 123

Migrant children separated from parents start to arrive in state - StarTribune.com

Page 1 of 2

STATE + LOCAL

Migrant children separated from parents
start to arrive in Minnesota
Separated from parents at the border, kids find advocates in
strangers.

By Chris Serres (http://www.startribune.com/chris-serres/10645926/) and Mary Lynn Smith
(http://www.startribune.com/mary-lynn-smith/10645991/) Star Tribune staff writers
JUNE 23, 2018 — 8:10PM

Alison Griffith recalls feeling stunned by the small size of the 8-year-old girl from
Guatemala who walked into her immigration law office in Minneapolis.
With her tiny feet dangling from a high-backed chair, the girl, who was accompanied by
an aunt, calmly recounted how immigration officers at the U.S.-Mexican border had
separated her from her father, who was later deported to Guatemala.
“It was the most traumatic moment in this young girl’s life, and she described it like it
happened yesterday,” said Griffith, a staff attorney with the Advocates for Human
Rights, a Minneapolis nonprofit that represents the girl.
The child, whose family declined to disclose her name for safety reasons, is among a
small number of unaccompanied migrant children who have arrived in Minnesota since
the federal government began taking a harder line against illegal border crossings.
Recent arrivals also include a 7-year-old boy separated from his parents who were
fleeing violence and poverty in Guatemala.
They are among the first in an expected surge of unaccompanied minors, forcibly
removed from their parents, who are now making their way to distant relatives in
Minnesota and surrounding states. It is unclear how many of the children will end up in
Minnesota, but immigration law experts say the numbers could reach into the dozens by
this fall.
Even as President Donald Trump signed an executive order Wednesday ending his policy
of separating parents and children who have crossed the border illegally, the fallout
from the border crackdown has already spread to other states, which are seeing an
influx of unaccompanied migrant children being placed by federal authorities.
“As long as there is a crisis at the border, those numbers [of unaccompanied minors
arriving in Minnesota] will continue to go up,” said Linus Chan, a University of
Minnesota law professor who leads the campus Detainee Rights Clinic
(https://www.law.umn.edu/course/7844/detainee-rights-clinic) , which represents
immigrants facing removal and being detained in the Twin Cities.

(http://stmedia.startribune.com/images/IMMIGRATION_SEPARATIN
MATT YORK, ASSOCIATED PRESS

A protester holds a sign outside a closed gate
at the Port of Entry facility, Thursday, June 21,
2018, in Fabens, Texas, where tent shelters are

‘Layers of trauma’
The cases of unaccompanied migrant children present unique challenges for legal
advocates.
Sarah Brenes, director of the refugee and immigrant program at Advocates for Human
Rights, said children who are fleeing their home countries have already suffered “layers
of trauma,” even before being separated from their parents. At times, lawyers for
Advocates for Human Rights will encourage children to draw pictures of what has
happened to them and their families if it’s too difficult for them to talk about their
experiences. It can also help attorneys piece together a chronological account that can be
presented to an asylum officer.
Many of the children may be eligible for asylum, but they are so desperate to return to
their parents and families that they will insist on returning to their home countries, even
if that means returning to the violent conditions they fled, say legal advocates who have
represented migrant children.
“So many of these children, they just want their parents,” said Margaret Russell,
managing attorney at the Immigration Law Project at Mid-Minnesota Legal Aid. “They
really, really, really want to be reunited with their families.”
The Advocates for Human Rights currently represents two unrelated young children
from Guatemala forcibly removed from their parents after crossing the U.S.-Mexican
border. The children are now living with relatives in Minnesota. One of them is a 7-year-

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Migrant children separated from parents start to arrive in state - StarTribune.com

Page 2 of 2

old boy who fled desperate poverty, which prevented him from having adequate access
to food or being able to attend school. He is living with his aunt and attending school in

The other child, the 8-year-old girl, has indicated that she wants to return to her family
in Guatemala and does not want to remain in the United States, said attorneys with
Advocates for Human Rights. At one point, attorneys arranged a telephone call between
the girl and her father in Guatemala, who both described being separated by
immigration officers at the border, said Griffith, their attorney.
The father “begged the officer to be able to stay with his child. He was crying. She was
crying,” Griffith said. “It was very heartbreaking to see this kid tear up as she described
it.”
She added, “We can’t treat children as little adults. They aren’t little adults.”
In order to stem the flow of migrants, the Trump administration in April announced a
“zero tolerance” policy on illegal border crossings. The hard-line policy led to an
immediate spike in prosecutions and, as a result, an increase in family separations. In
just seven weeks, more than 2,300 children have been taken from their parents at the
U.S.-Mexico border, resulting in an influx of young children requiring placement and
government care.
But even before the zero-tolerance policy, Minnesota saw an increase in unaccompanied
migrant children, propelled north by gang violence, poverty and widespread abuses in
Central America.
“It’s clear that the violence and the economic hardship in Central America are a driving
factor in what’s happening,” said Chan of the U. “It was true in 2014 and it’s true in
2018.”
‘No other choice’
Maria Celeste Delcid was 15 when she said she had little choice but to leave her family
and flee violence in Guatemala. She had been forced to marry a man who threatened to
kill her family and later beat her. The Guatemalan authorities gave her no help.
“I got pregnant and he didn’t want the baby, and he beat me,” Delcid, who lives in the
Twin Cities, said through an interpreter.
Her father found relatives in another town to hide her until she could find a way to the
United States, where an aunt lived in Minnesota. They bore the grief of separating.
“There was no other choice,” said Delcid, who in 2011 joined others fleeing the gang
members who recruited young boys, raped girls and women and extorted money from
families amid death threats.
The journey was dangerous and arduous. Days in the desert were hot, the nights cold.
She and the others were hungry and exhausted, sleeping little along the way. Delcid
remembers the rugged terrain, the cactus needles they bumped into at night and the fear
of being raped by the smugglers who guided them.
Crossing illegally into the United States, Delcid, now 21, said she requested asylum and
was held by immigration authorities for four months before she joined relatives in
Minnesota. She eventually would like to legally bring her father, three sisters and
brother to the United States, sparing them the unforgiving journey she and many others
endured.
Watching news reports of immigrant children being taken from their families and
knowing the process for asylum is being made more difficult, Delcid feels sadness.
Those who blame the parents for crossing illegally need to understand that these
families want a better life for their children, she said.
“They have no choice,” said Delcid. “Even if you build a wall, they will find a way to get
in.”

[e-mail]
[e-mail]

612-673-4308
612-673-4788

chrisserres
mlstrib

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Exhibit 124

City hospitals have treated 12 immigrant children who were taken from parents, including... Page 1 of 12

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City hospitals have treated 12
immigrant children who were taken
from parents, including a suicidal
child
By JILLIAN JORGENSEN
JUN 21, 2018 | 4:45 PM

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Cayuga Center in East Harlem is currently serving hundreds of children separated from their parents
at the U.S.-Mexico border. (Andrew Savulich/New York Daily News)

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Two city public hospitals have treated 12 young immigrant children who were
separated from their parents at the border for physical and mental illnesses, Health
and Hospitals CEO Mitchell Katz said Thursday.

∠
The children were brought to the hospitals — four to Bellevue in Manhattan and eight
to North Central Bronx Hospital — after being placed with foster parents by area
social service organizations tasked with caring for the children, he said.

∠

“There are undoubtedly many more, since our commitment is to serving people, not
interrogating them about the circumstances that bring them to our facilities,” Katz
said.

∠
The children they have seen have presented with depression, anxiety, asthma,
constipation and other ailments, city officials said. One was suicidal, Katz said,
something he said did not surprise him given the circumstances.

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what it would have felt like to them to be separated from me forcibly,” he said.
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Dr. Daran Kaufman, director of pediatric emergency services at North Central Bronx,
said she and her cliniciansFREE TRIAL | TRY 3 FREEtreating the children, who have
have felt “helpless” in MONTHS!
generally arrived without medical records.

∠
“Although we’ve been able to treat their medical diagnoses, they are sad, despondent,
and we are unable to treat the emotional scars they are presenting with,” she said.
“It’s very difficult for myself and my clinicians to be able to help them with these
scars.”

∠

North Central Bronx Hospital, where clinicians have felt “helpless” in treating the children, (Florescu
Viorel for New York Daily News)

Cayuga Centers in East Harlem is currently serving 239 children separated from their
parents at the border due, according to the city, and is one of three providers who

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have federal contracts to do so in the city. The city was not notified by the federal
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The children appeared in hospitals over the last two weeks and it was only when their
number mounted that they realized what was happening, Katz said. He said he was
made aware of the situation two days ago.
The city does not currently have access to facilities of Cayuga Centers or other
providers to offer on-site mental health services.

∠

“The children that we’re seeing are being brought in by loving foster families who are
struggling to take care of these children, who the families know themselves have been
traumatized by the experience,” Katz said.

∠
But the city is looking to gain access to children in temporary shelters, too.
“The city is reaching out to the main foster care providers hosting these children to
discuss and expedite health services,” Deputy Mayor Herminia Palacio said. “We will
work with providers to help them take care of these children.”
Many New Yorkers are wondering how they can help, Mayor de Blasio’s wife, Chirlane
McCray, said.

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“You can donate,” she said. “The Mayor’s Fund to Advance New York City will donate
$10,000 to purchase affinity objects that can help children cope with trauma, items
like teddy bears.”


McCray, the fund’s chairwoman, said donations can be made at nyc.gov/fund.
She also encouraged New Yorkers to call their elected officials to demand a
permanent end to such separation.
“They need to hear from us, believe me these calls make a huge difference,” she said.
De Blasio, who traveled Thursday to the southern border, told NY1 the city would also
set up ways to help through 311.
“We’re going to set up through 311 a system where if people want to offer any kind of
support that would help these kids that they’ll have a way to do that,” he said, adding
he hoped it would be up and running by Friday.
And Councilman Mark Levine (D-Manhattan) launched a drive for supplies for the
children — and his office was promptly overflowing with things like diapers and
clothing. One person even offered to donate frozen breast milk, his office said. The
supplies will be given toTRY 3 FREE MONTHS!
Cayuga Centers and another facility, Abbott House.

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Exhibit 125

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 1 of 10

NOW

Live

HIGHLIGHTS

America's
immigration crisis

Trump holds a rally in
South Carolina

White House press
briefing





What's happening at the US border
By Meg Wagner, Veronica Rocha, Brian Ries and Amanda Wills, CNN
Updated 9:52 p.m. ET, June 22, 2018

Share

What you need to know
What's happening: Trump's zero-tolerance policy led to family separations at the
border. He signed an executive order to address this, but it's unclear what happens
to the more than 2,000 kids who have been separated.

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 2 of 10

In Congress: The House rejected one of two immigration bills. We're expecting a
vote on the second one next week — although the President tweeted that
Republicans "should stop wasting their time" on the effort.
Expand

Your story: Have you or someone you know been affected by family separations at
17 New Updates

12:08 p.m. ET, June 22, 2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away
from the US border
From CNN's Tal Kopan

New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio visits the Cayuga Center in East Harlem, a facility currently
accepting children separated from their families at the southern border. Drew Angerer/Getty
Images

Hundreds of migrant children separated from their parents at the US border have
been sent to distant states, as far away as New York and Michigan.

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 3 of 10

A spokesman for the department of Health and Human Services said this happens for
a variety of reasons including:
A lack of space
Available shelter accommodations
Demographics of the children
Proximity to potential sponsors
“There’s an effort to place them as closely as possible to where they’re going to be
eventually reunified with a sponsor or a family member,” the spokesman said, adding
that it is “pretty rare” that someone would be sent to New York if it’s only because of
space.
If a child goes to New York, that usually means there’s an immediate family member in
the New York facility, the spokesman explained.
HHS does not have a publicly accessible database to track children. The spokesman
said lawyers and case workers are determining locations likely by pulling state
licenses and going shelter by shelter to figure it out, as sources have also described to
CNN.

11:44 a.m. ET, June 22, 2018

Texas mayor calls Trump's rhetoric on the border wall
"ridiculous"
From CNN's Melissa Mahtani

The Republican Mayor of the largest border city in America slammed President
Trump's rhetoric on Mexico and said a wall "won't work." 
Dee Margo, the Mayor of El Paso in Texas, describes his city and Juarez, Mexico, as
"one bi-national, bilingual, bi-cultural community."

10:56 a.m. ET, June 22, 2018

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 4 of 10

Congressman who visited migrant detention center: We
saw "a lot of kids in cages"
Rep. Peter Welch, a Democrat from Vermont, recently visited a migrant holding faculty
near the US southern border. He made the trip with other US lawmakers to see
firsthand the conditions in the shelters.
Welch said the facility was clean, but had no windows. It was filled with chain-link
fences "that in effect, are cages," he said. Immigrants were separated by age and
gender.

"What we saw was a lot of kids in cages."
He then described the scene the stood out to him the most:
"One incident really stood out in my mind. It was three boys, and I assume
they were brothers, and they’re on these thin mats that are provided. And like
spoon style, they're holding on to each other for dear life with no idea where
their parents were. So that’s a pretty searing sight."
Watch more:

10:44 a.m. ET, June 22, 2018

Bill Clinton on child separations: "It's wrong. It's immoral.
It's not required by the law."
From CNN's Dan Merica

Former President Bill Clinton speaks during a Remembrance and Celebration of the
Life & Enduring Legacy of Robert F. Kennedy event taking place at Arlington National
Cemetery on June 6, 2018 in Arlington, Virginia.

Former President Bill Clinton speaks during a Remembrance and Celebration of the Life &
Enduring Legacy of Robert F. Kennedy event taking place at Arlington National Cemetery on June
6, 2018 in Arlington, Virginia. Leigh Vogel/Getty Images for RFK Human Rights

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 5 of 10

President Bill Clinton told an audience in Chicago on Thursday that President Donald
Trump’s child separation policy was “wrong” and “immoral.”
“Taking these kids away from their parents makes no sense,” he said. “It’s wrong. It’s
immoral. It’s not required by the law. And it’s not necessary to protect the border. It’s
just wrong.”
He added: “Children should not be bargaining chips.  They are people…I not only
want this to stop, I want them to go get these kids that have already been sent away
and give them back to their parents and do it right now.”
Clinton is on his book tour for “The President Is Missing,” a work of fiction he wrote
with James Patterson.
The interview was with Bob Barnett, a longtime lawyer for the Clintons who has
negotiated most – if not all – of their book deals.

10:24 a.m. ET, June 22, 2018

House GOP moving forward on immigration, key
congressman says — despite Trump's tweet
From CNN's Manu Raju

Drew Angerer/Getty Images

House Judiciary Chairman Bob Goodlatte says that the GOP is going to push forward
on immigration — despite Trump’s tweet saying the party should abandon the effort.

“We made a lot of progress last night and we are going to continue to move
forward because the administration needs the legislation. I don’t think it will
affect the mood of the members who got very close yesterday," He said.
Goodlatte, the key chairman leading the effort on immigration, added that the
Republican “absolutely" plan to push forward. The House voted down one

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 6 of 10

immigration bill (one that was named after him) yesterday, but it's still working on a
second proposal.
CNN pressed further: But Trump told you to stop?
“I would say it’s more important to do it right now," Goodlatte responded.

10:08 a.m. ET, June 22, 2018

New York City mayor demands to know when children in
his city will be reunited with their parents
From CNN's Lauren del Valle

New York mayor Bill de Blasio stands at a fence of the Tornillo Port of Entry near El
Paso, Texas, Thursday during a protest rally.

New York mayor Bill de Blasio stands at a fence of the Tornillo Port of Entry near El Paso, Texas,
Thursday during a protest rally. Brendan Smialowski / AFP

New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio sent a letter to Health and Human Services
Secretary Alex Azar, requesting information about the children sent to New York after
being separated from their parents at the US southern border.
De Blasio said he is “deeply concerned” for the health and safety of the children. He
asked for information on how the government “will bring these families back
together, and a deadline for accomplishing that task.” 
Why the New York City mayor is involved with the border crisis: At least 239
migrant children who were separated from their families are in the care of Cayuga
Centers in Harlem, De Blasio said. The children include a 9-month-old. Some of the
kids have bed bugs, lice, chicken pox and other contagious diseases.
De Blasio tweeted a copy of the full letter he sent to Azar:

6:13 p.m. ET, June 22, 2018

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 7 of 10

About 500 children reunited with parents, officials say
From CNN's Tal Kopan

US Customs and Border Protection says about 500 children have been reunified with
their parents. At least 2,300 migrant kids had been separated from their parents after
crossing the border under President Trump's "zero-tolerance" immigration policy.
Trump signed an executive order on Wednesday to stop family separations, but it did
not address how officials would reunite children who had already been separated
from their parents.
Here's the full statement from Pete Ladowicz, with Customs and Border
Protection:
The Administration continues to work to reunify prosecuted parents with their
children. U.S. Customs and Border Protection has unified approximately 500
children (over 15%) with their parents who had been referred for prosecution
for illegal entry. U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and Health and
Human Services are developing a process to be centered at ICE’s Port Isabel
Detention Center to continue unification efforts.

9:10 a.m. ET, June 22, 2018

Trump: "Republicans should stop wasting their time on
immigration" until after the midterms
As House Republicans continue to work on their comprehensive immigration bill,
Trump has some different advice: Stop until after the November midterms.
The President has repeatedly, and falsely, blamed the Democrats for the border crisis.
Now, he's urging Republicans to stop working with their Democratic colleagues and
instead wait for a bigger GOP majority.
Here's his tweet:
It was the third in a series of tweets blaming the "obstructionist" Democrats for
blocking immigration reform. (Although, not even all of the Republicans are united on
the issue).

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 8 of 10

Some context: Just days ago, President Trump urged Congress to take action to fix
"ridiculous and obsolete" immigration laws. He said now is "the best opportunity" to
do so:

9:02 a.m. ET, June 22, 2018

The House rejected one immigration bill yesterday. Here's
what happens now.
From CNN's Phil Mattingly

House Republicans, facing failure, reverted to a tried and true escape hatch when it
comes to immigration: Postpone, and keep negotiating. 
It’s a process that has taken place repeatedly — to some degree for years — and has
never netted an actual GOP-only bill that can get a majority in the House. Will one
more weekend of talks change that? Senior aides who have been through this a
dozen or so times are understandably very skeptical.
Note: The first of two House immigration bills failed yesterday
What negotiators are working on now: Two specific issues: an expansion of the
e-verify system and addressing farm state lawmaker concerns of agriculture visas. To
be perfectly clear, these are not clean or easy issues. The are complicated thickets
that bring in a lot of different business and constituent elements that likely will only
serve to bring new problems to the table. 
Bottom line: The President says don’t even bother. The Senate Majority Leader has
no intention of taking up a House proposal that will fall well short of the votes needed
to pass in the Senate. As of noon yesterday, the immigration bill wasn’t just short of
the votes, aides said: it was well short of the votes. It would be quite something to turn
that around in 72 hours. 

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 9 of 10

GO DEEPER

What's next for migrant families after Trump's order to stop separations
Trump's immigration reversal creates its own chaos
Trump says GOP should 'stop wasting their time on immigration' until after midterms
Listen: Detained children cry out for parents
How bad is it in the countries these families are fleeing? This bad
Inside Border Protection's processing detention center

CONTENT BY LENDINGTREE

Forget your 401k if you own a home (Do This)
Experts are urging Americans to refinance in 2018
Crush your mortgage interest with a 15 yr fixed
Reverse Mortgages: Are they working?

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Why some children have been sent to states far away from the US border

Page 10 of 10

Need cash? How to access your home's equity

https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_714fd2... 6/25/2018

Exhibit 126

Border separations could have traumatic impact on children, doctors say - Baltimore Sun

Page 1 of 4

Border separations could have traumatic
impact on children, doctors say

Images show the emotional scene of families being detained to the cages that sit in the Border Protection detention center in
McAllen.

By Andrea K. McDaniels
The Baltimore Sun

JUNE 21, 2018, 2:55 PM

F

orcibly separating the children of undocumented immigrants from their parents at the border
sets up those children for lifelong psychological and health consequences, pediatricians and

other health professionals are warning.
The odds already are higher that these children could suffer from depression, anxiety and other
problems because they are coming from violent countries and volatile situations that have likely
stressed and traumatized them.

http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/bs-hs-border-separation-trauma-20180621-story.html

6/25/2018

Border separations could have traumatic impact on children, doctors say - Baltimore Sun

Page 2 of 4

“There is no good that can come from forced separation of a child and their family,” said Paul B.
Spiegel, director of the Johns Hopkins Center for Humanitarian Health and a professor at Hopkins’
Bloomberg School of Public Health.
The separations began in May after President Donald J. Trump’s administration announced a “zero
tolerance” policy for people who illegally cross the border. Even though Trump issued an executive
order Wednesday halting these separations, 2,300 children already have been taken away from their
parents, including at least 20 who have been placed with foster families in Maryland. There is no
indication when families might be reunited.
Some of the children have been ferried thousands of miles and housed in warehouse-like settings
with little or no emotional support. There is a limited number of social workers at these facilities,
according to some reports.
“It is adding more trauma to these kids who have already been through a whole lot,” said Dr. Scott
Krugman, a Baltimore pediatrician and past president of the Maryland chapter of the American
Academy of Pediatrics. “Putting them into a [former] Walmart with hundreds of other children is not
exactly a trauma-mitigating circumstance.”
When children face stressful situations, stress hormones like cortisol and adrenaline rise in their
bodies. A comforting hug and soothing words from a trusted parent or adult can help alleviate these
reactions, Krugman and others said.
When children don’t get that support, stress can rise to harmfully toxic levels.
Research by the Harvard University Center on the Developing Child has found that prolonged stress
can disrupt development of the brain and other organ systems.
But the Harvard researchers also said the stress effect can be counteracted by positive relationships
with caring adults.
Richard Barth, dean of the University of Maryland School of Social Work, said children removed from
their families by social services usually are given some kind of connection with their family within 24
hours. Even a phone call can help protect against the emotional damage such a separation can have
on a child, he said.
“Kids who are taken away from family and not put in a stimulating environment can become
depressed,” Barth said. “They can stop eating. They begin losing curiosity and stop living the life that
a child needs to develop healthily.”

http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/bs-hs-border-separation-trauma-20180621-story.html

6/25/2018

Border separations could have traumatic impact on children, doctors say - Baltimore Sun

Page 3 of 4

Hopkins’ Spiegel said other risks include substance abuse, learning disabilities and increased
engagement in risky behavior. In the long term, the stress can lead to physical health problems as
well, such as cardiovascular disease, he said.
The International Rescue Committee in Maryland, which resettles refugees who have sought asylum,
keeps families together to help ease what can be an emotional transition, said the group’s executive
director Ruben Chandrasekar. The group’s executive director criticized the border separations.
“These people have the legal right to have their asylum cases heard without being criminalized or
separated from their children,” Chandrasekar said.
More than 51 percent of the refugees the organization places are children and many show signs of
trauma. Children from war-torn Syria may run inside when a helicopter or plane flies overhead
because they fear a bombing. Having family support on top of counseling and other services from the
rescue committee, such as group therapy, can help kids better cope with that trauma, Chandrasekar
said.
“Children are very resilient and can adapt if given the right support,” he said.
Several medical associations have come out against the Trump administration separations because of
the impact on children.
Dr. Colleen Kraft, president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, said in a statement that she saw
the early impact the separations were already having during a recent trip to the border. Kraft said the
practice of separation goes against protecting and promoting children’s health.
“Highly stressful experiences, like family separation, can cause irreparable harm, disrupting a child’s
brain architecture and affecting his or her short- and long-term health,” Kraft said. “This type of
prolonged exposure to serious stress — known as toxic stress — can carry lifelong consequences for
children.”
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine said that the impact of parents’
nurturing on a child’s well-being is greatest in the earlier years of life.
“Young children are capable of deep and lasting sadness, grief, and disorganization in response to
trauma and loss,” the group said in a statement. “Indeed, most mental, emotional, and behavioral
disorders have their roots in childhood and adolescence and childhood trauma has emerged as a
strong risk factor for later suicidal behavior.”
[e-mail]

http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/bs-hs-border-separation-trauma-20180621-story.html

6/25/2018

Border separations could have traumatic impact on children, doctors say - Baltimore Sun

Page 4 of 4

twitter.com/ankwalker
Copyright © 2018, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad

This 'attr(data-c-typename)' is related to: American Academy of Pediatrics, Donald Trump

http://www.baltimoresun.com/health/bs-hs-border-separation-trauma-20180621-story.html

6/25/2018

Exhibit 127

Dozens of immigrant children are being held in Maryland since border separation began - ... Page 1 of 4

Dozens of immigrant children are being held
in Maryland since border separation began

Video from inside the Border Patrol's controversial processing center in McAllen, Texas, during a media tour on June 17.

By Ian Duncan
The Baltimore Sun

JUNE 20, 2018, 6:55 PM

I

mmigration agents have sent dozens of children to Maryland since the Trump administration
announced it would separate undocumented families at the southwest border, service providers

here say.
Some of the children, who are mostly from El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala, are being placed
with foster families coordinated by an organization based in Anne Arundel County. Others are being
held in dormitories in Anne Arundel and Baltimore counties, according to people involved in the
process.

http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-border-separations-20180620-story.h... 6/25/2018

Dozens of immigrant children are being held in Maryland since border separation began - ... Page 2 of 4

Many of the children have come with little information. One is 18 months old. Several are too young
to speak to their new caregivers or help social workers track down relatives who could take them in.
Lawyers are trying to figure out how to put together asylum claims for 6-year-olds who don’t know
why they fled their countries.
Nithya Nathan-Pineau, an attorney at the Capital Area Immigrants’ Rights Coalition, is working with
children at the two dormitories. Her team is trained to deal with children who have suffered trauma.
But she said those who have been taken from their parents are different.
“Being separated from their biological parents and not being able to reconnect with them is creating a
sense of hopelessness,” she said.
Maryland is one of several states to which immigration agents are sending the estimated 2,300
children who have been separated from their families. The children often have no family connection
to the state; service providers here say they seem to be receiving them because the system has
capacity.
Maryland Attorney General Brian Frosh sent a letter to the federal agencies in charge of the children
on Wednesday demanding more information about where children are being placed, specifics on
their cases and plans for reuniting them with relatives.
“The Trump Administration’s actions endanger the safety and well-being of innocent children,” Frosh
said in a statement. “Our concerns about the utter lack of accountability and failure to plan for
reunification of these families must be addressed with urgency.”
Hundreds of demonstrators blocked traffic at Gay and East Lombard streets during the evening rush
hour Wednesday to protest the separation of children from their families. The rally outside the
Baltimore office of U.S. Customs and Border Protection was organized by a group of city school
teachers
A spokeswoman for the Maryland Department of Human Services said one organization it licenses
has a contract to care for children who arrive in the country unaccompanied by adults. The
spokeswoman said she could not identify the organization.
While children are being moved away from border states, so are their parents — with at least three
believed to be in Maryland. The government has started filing criminal charges against people who
cross into the country illegally. Those cases are typically heard in courts in the Southwest, but as they
are resolved, the adults are handed back to immigration authorities, who send them around the
country to local jails that have agreed to hold them.

http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-border-separations-20180620-story.h... 6/25/2018

Dozens of immigrant children are being held in Maryland since border separation began - ... Page 3 of 4

Anne Arundel, Frederick, Howard and Worcester counties have agreed to hold hundreds of
immigration detainees. Officials in those counties did not say whether any of their current detainees
had been separated from children, but Rep. C.A. Dutch Ruppersberger said he met with two such
men on Monday in Anne Arundel County and his office thinks a third man is also being held there.
Ruppersberger, a Baltimore County Democrat, said the men tearfully shared stories of having their
children taken away. Now they have little information about their own situations or that of their
families.
“These people are in limbo,” Ruppersberger said.
President Donald Trump signed an order on Wednesday that he said would end the separation of
families. Immigrant advocates said they were still trying to determine what effect it might have.
Nathan-Pineau said she hasn’t seen a plan to reunite the 2,300 children already separated, and
organizations working with them expect to continue their work.
“They’re still going to remain apart for the foreseeable future,” she said.
Tawnya Brown, the regional director for Bethany Christian Services, said her organization was caring
for about 15 children who had arrived in Maryland since May 7. The youngest was 18 months old.
In the past, teenagers who made the journey to the United States would arrive with scraps of paper
pinned to their clothes, or relatives’ phone numbers written on their hands. The more recent arrivals
sometimes don’t even have that much, she said, because their parents expected to stay with them. She
said her organization receives minimal information from immigration authorities.
Brown’s organization first places the children with foster parents and then begins trying to track
down relatives who can look after them while their cases are processed. Workers try to keep the
children in touch with their parents at least once a week, but she said it hasn’t been easy.
“That has been probably the biggest challenge due to the fact that we don’t know where their parents
are,” Brown said. “It has caused a bit of a barrier with us.”
After the calls, she said, the children are often so upset that they need counseling.
Bethany Christian Services runs a school for 16 children in Anne Arundel County and arranges for
their medical and mental health care while vetting relatives to take them in. Brown said the
organization aims to complete that process in two or three months.

http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-border-separations-20180620-story.h... 6/25/2018

Dozens of immigrant children are being held in Maryland since border separation began - ... Page 4 of 4

Brown said the children she has seen are more traumatized than those she’s helped before. Their
suffering isn’t immediately apparent, she said, but emerges as they get more comfortable with the
staff.
“The most important thing is that the child starts to feel safe,” Brown said “That’s what we have to
work on a lot more now than we have in the past.”
While children don’t face criminal charges like their parents, they are still subject to deportation.
Nathan-Pineau’s group is working to explain their legal rights and get them lawyers.
That would normally involve interviewing relatives and gathering information that might form the
basis of an asylum claim. But the lawyers are discovering the children who have been separated from
their parents don’t know why they fled their homes.
“With any child under 6 or 7, really, the amount of information we can learn from them is so limited,”
Nathan-Pineau said.
[e-mail]
twitter.com/iduncan
Copyright © 2018, The Baltimore Sun, a Baltimore Sun Media Group publication | Place an Ad

This 'attr(data-c-typename)' is related to: Donald Trump, Brian Frosh

http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-border-separations-20180620-story.h... 6/25/2018

Exhibit 128

Md., Va. congressmen hear stories of family separation - The Washington Post

Page 1 of 2

The Washington Post

Immigration
Md., Va. congressmen hear stories of family separation

by Patricia Sullivan June 20 Email the author
One man fled Honduras by train with his 7-year-old son. The other left by bus, accompanied by his sister and taking
his 5-year-old daughter with him. Both would be separated from their children on the U.S. side of the border and
would wait for weeks to hear from them again.
The men told two local congressmen this week about their journey, amid a national uproar about the familyseparation policy that President Trump implemented last month and abruptly revoked Wednesday.
Rep. Don Beyer (D-Va.) and Rep. C.A. Dutch Ruppersberger (D-Md.) met them at the Anne Arundel Detention Center
in Maryland, which contracts with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement to hold detained immigrants, most of
whom are awaiting court proceedings or deportation.
The Democratic lawmakers had spent days working with an immigrant rights agency and asking ICE whether
detainees or children were being held in Virginia or Maryland.
An aide to Beyer said the men — identified only as Carlos and Mario — could not clearly explain whether they had
been criminally charged with entering the country illegally or were awaiting an asylum proceeding.

Carlos, who fled gang violence with his son, told Beyer and Ruppersberger that he crossed the U.S. border in El
Paso and was arrested by federal officers March 10.
After being held in leg irons for several days, with his son by his side, the boy was removed. Carlos had made his
son memorize his grandmother’s phone number back in Honduras. After he called her, she connected him to a
family member in the United States. Three months passed before Carlos was able to speak to his son, Beyer said.
Mario told the lawmakers that his sister was a victim of domestic violence committed by a police officer. When the
family attempted to press charges, a gang beat Mario up, Beyer said. He, his daughter and his sister surrendered to
U.S. Customs and Border Patrol on April 20; his sister was freed to await an asylum hearing, but Mario and his
daughter were placed in a frigid ICE holding facility.
After three days, “an officer approached him and told him to give up his daughter, or she would be taken away,”
Beyer said in an interview Wednesday. “He said his 5-year-old girl was dragged away from him crying and
screaming, which was the last he saw her.”

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/immigration/md-va-congressmen-hear-stories-of-fa... 6/25/2018

Md., Va. congressmen hear stories of family separation - The Washington Post

Page 2 of 2

Beyer said Mario told him that he finally heard from his daughter last week but still does not know where she is
being held.
“As a parent, it was sort of like a punch in the gut,” Beyer added. “Our translator, halfway through, started crying,
and you can understand why.”
Beyer’s Twitter thread, which included a video of him discussing the visit outside the detention facility, was
retweeted more than 3,800 times in the first 24 hours after he posted it.
Today I visited an ICE detention facility outside Baltimore with @Call_Me_Dutch.
There we spoke for an hour with two fathers, Carlos and Mario, who had been separated from their children, a
7-year-old boy and a 5-year-old girl, for months.
What they told us was so disturbing: pic.twitter.com/MZTifSlKzc
— Rep. Don Beyer (@RepDonBeyer) June 19, 2018
Ruppersberger told WBAL television Tuesday: “From my point of view as a father and grandfather, I would give my
life for my children and grandchildren. We can’t do this. That’s not who we are as a country. We’ve got to stop this.”
Beyer called Wednesday for the resignation or firing of Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen, saying she
“has become the public face of an immoral and deeply unpopular policy.”
“She is ultimately responsible for the inhumane treatment caused by her own failure of leadership,” Beyer said.

 1 Comment

Patricia Sullivan covers government, politics and other regional issues in Arlington County and
Alexandria. She worked in Illinois, Florida, Montana and California before joining The Post in
November 2001.  Follow @psullivan1

The story must be told.
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https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/immigration/md-va-congressmen-hear-stories-of-fa... 6/25/2018

Exhibit 129





MENU

2



Child migrants separated from
families being housed at Holy Family
Institute in Emsworth
PAULA REED WARD AND ASHLEY MURRAY
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

JUN 17, 2018

8:00 AM

The federal government is housing 50 child migrants in Pittsburgh
as part of the Trump administration’s “zero tolerance”
immigration policy announced in April.
The children, separated from their families by Customs and
Border Patrol, are fanned out to housing centers across several
states as their parents or grandparents are arrested and criminally
prosecuted for illegal entry into the U.S. According to the
Department of Homeland Security, 1,995 children were separated
from 1,940 adults between April 19 through May 31.

The children sent to Pittsburgh, who are being housed at Holy
Family Institute in Emsworth, range in age from 4 to 17. They are
from countries including Honduras, Guatemala and El Salvador,
said Sister Linda Yankoski, the CEO at Holy Family.
ADVERTISEMENT

“This is good work that we’re doing,” she said.

Max Graham

A Bellevue cafe is now collecting donations for
immigrant children at Holy Family

Holy Family Institute is under contract with the Office of Refugee
Resettlement under the Department of Health and Human
Services to house the children, and is the only facility in Pittsburgh
being used, Sister Linda said.
The Catholic nonprofit provides programs to children and
families, including housing, behavioral and mental health services,
workforce development, college preparation, and drug and alcohol
addiction counseling. Sister Linda said the institute provided
services to 30,000 families last year.
“If there’s a child in this country that doesn’t have a place, that’s
our mission as a Catholic charity,” she said.
ADVERTISEMENT

Holy Family first began providing services for unaccompanied
minors in 2010 after a 7.0-magnitude earthquake devastated
Haiti. Then, in 2014, the institute housed dozens of
unaccompanied migrant children when a wave of nearly 60,000
from Central America crossed the U.S. Southern border, according
to U.S. Department of Health and Human Services estimate.
“It doesn’t matter what country they come from,” Sister Linda
said.
The children in her care, Sister Linda said, never leave campus.
They receive all of their schooling, medical and mental health care
there.
There is a gym and a field for recreation, and a typical day includes
schooling, playtime, time for homework, television and story time.

Peter Smith

Local advocates trying to help those caught up in
'zero tolerance' immigration policy

“They have a full day of activity,” Sister Linda said.
Much of the staff is bilingual, and they provide traditional,
familiar meals for the children, she pointed out.
“The goal is for them to feel safe and secure,” she said.

In the past, Sister Linda said, the typical unaccompanied minor
would stay at Holy Family about 30 days.
“With this new situation, I don’t know what it’s going to mean,”
she said. “We are a very short-term placement.”
The children will stay at Holy Family until their sponsors are
cleared by the government , Sister Linda said.
The policy of separating children from parents has drawn wide
criticism from immigration attorneys, religious leaders including
David Zubik, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Pittsburgh,
and the American Civil Liberties Union.
Kristen Schneck, partner at Fox Rothschild LLP in Pittsburgh, said
the policy frustrates attempts at asylum. It forces immigrants to
abandon their legal cases and therefore makes getting their
children back their first priority.
“Separating families and terrorizing children and their parents in
an effort to prevent future migration — it ignores the horrifying
circumstances which they have experienced. It makes it hard for
these individuals to seek the legal relief that they’re applying for,”
said Ms. Schneck, who also serves as advocacy co-chair and U.S.
Immigration and Customs Enforcement liaison for the American
Immigration Lawyers Association.
The Office of Refugee Resettlement did not respond to a request
for comment.
Eileen Dusch works at Holy Family and adopted one of the boys
who stayed there following the earthquake in Haiti.
Although she now works in the international college prep
program, Ms. Dusch said that she has seen from her experience in
2010 what the program can do with young children from other
countries.
"They're with staff that care about them," she said. "These kids
should feel a sense of comfort. They are safe. They get a bed to
sleep in and exposure to education.

"That's the biggest thing they need -- structure every day."

 RELATED

NOMAAN MERCHANT

Hundreds of unaccompanied children wait in Border
Patrol facility in Texas

Zeke Miller and Kevin McGill

As Trump digs in on immigration, he faces growing
condemnation for border separations

JILL COLVIN

Family separation policy starts dividing Republicans

Jill Colvin

Trump’s White House — including Melania — calls for a
resolution to border separations

Peter Smith

Bishop Zubik calls for retaining asylum laws

Nick Miroff and Nick Miroff

Trump’s ‘zero tolerance’ at Mexico’s border is causing
child shelters to fill up fast

Maria Sacchetti

Officials urge the criminal prosecution of parents who
cross the Mexican border with their children

the Editorial Board

Migrant hysteria: Holy Family Institute and others are
right to lend a hand

The Associated Press

DHS: 2,000 minors separated from families

SHOW COMMENTS (131)  

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Exhibit 130

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In an executive order issued Wednesday afternoon, President Donald Trump reversed his
administration’s early policy of removing children from their parents and called for detaining
together parents and children who cross the U.S. border without authorization.
Even as the Trump administration changed course, at least nine children who federal
immigration authorities removed from their parents have already been placed in a shelter in the
Lehigh Valley, according to Elizabeth Yaeger, supervising attorney for HIAS Pennsylvania’s
Immigrant Youth Advocacy Project. 

eir parents or guardians face criminal charges for illegal

entry under a federal policy calling for “zero tolerance” for adults who cross into the United States
without authorization.

Yaeger did not disclose the name or exact location of the shelter, citing a media policy imposed
by the advocacy program’s funder, but agreed to talk generally about her work there.
ree other people familiar with the organization con rmed that it is KidsPeace, a nonpro t
behavioral and mental health service provider with facilities around Allentown.
KidsPeace declined to comment for this article, referring all questions to the O ce of Refugee
Resettlement. ORR did not respond to questions posed over email.
A few months ago, children separated from their parents began trickling into Pennsylvania, but
cases were rare, according to Yaeger. At the end of May, following the announcement of a “zero
tolerance” policy for unauthorized border crossing, the numbers grew.
“About a month ago, we started seeing it happen kind of en masse,” she said, up from a case here
or there. Whereas before, HIAS worked with kids who arrived at the U.S. border as
unaccompanied minors, a status that would slot them into a foster care system overseen by the
O ce of Refugee Resettlement in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “What
we’re seeing now that’s di erent is that kids are being forced into that system, kids that don’t
need to be there, kids that have no idea that they would be taken away from their parents.”
Yaeger said HIAS is currently working with nine kids — ages 7 to 15 — who were separated from
their parents. Compared to shelters in other parts of the country and near the U.S. border, this is a
modest number. Earlier this week, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette reported that another facility, the
Holy Family Institute, was sheltering 50 separated children in western Pennsylvania.
With the new executive order signed Wednesday, that practice is poised to end.
Local immigrants rights advocates immediately slammed the order and the prospect of replacing
family separation with family detention, a practice which has a controversial history in
Pennsylvania. 

e Berks Family Residential Center, in Leesport, is one of facilities in the country

to detain families, usually a single parent with children. Under President Barack Obama, that
facility detained some families for more than a year. Protests, a hunger strike and rounds of
litigation ensued.
“Detaining families together is not a valid solution to family separation,” said Miguel Andrade
with the immigrants rights group Juntos. “People seeking refuge do not deserve to be met with
chain link fences and trauma.”

Republican U.S. Sen. Pat Toomey of Pennsylvania praised the executive order in a statement, and
called for Congress to pass legislation that would streamline the asylum process for families held
together.
at still leaves dozens of children in Pennsylvania living away from their parents. And
administration o cials con rmed that Wednesday’s policy change does not change the situation
for children already apart from their parents. If the children remain in ORR custody, Yaeger said
she doesn’t know how long it will take to reunite them with their parents because their situation
is new and evolving.
In the meantime, her biggest hurdle is representing  children, some younger than 10, in
immigration court without easy access to the adults who know them best.
“As far as I can tell there’s not a workable coordinated system or practice in place at all, for
making sure those children and parents are having regular contact and communication,” said
Yaeger. Unaccompanied minors may be eligible for  legal status, such as asylum or Special
Immigrant Juvenile status, in the United States and their family members may have information
or documents pertinent to their cases.

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Exhibit 131

IMMIGRATION PRINCIPLES & POLICIES
1.

BORDER SECURITY

A. Border Wall. Our porous southern border presents a clear threat to our national security and
public safety, and is exploited by drug traffickers and criminal cartels. The Administration
therefore proposes completing construction of a wall along the southern border of the United
States.
i.
Ensure funding for the southern border wall and associated infrastructure.
ii.
Authorize the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) to raise, collect, and use
certain processing fees from immigration benefit applications and border crossings
for functions related to border security, physical infrastructure, and law enforcement.
iii. Improve infrastructure and security on the northern border.

B. Unaccompanied Alien Children. Loopholes in current law prevent “Unaccompanied Alien
Children” (UACs) that arrive in the country illegally from being removed. Rather than being
deported, they are instead sheltered by the Department of Health and Human Services at
taxpayer expense, and subsequently released to the custody of a parent or family member—
who often lack lawful status in the United States themselves. These loopholes in current law
create a dramatic pull factor for additional illegal immigration and in recent years, there has
been a significant increase in the apprehensions of UACs at our southern border. Therefore,
the Administration proposes amending current law to ensure the expeditious return of UACs
and family units.
i.

ii.

iii.

iv.

v.

Amend the William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act
of 2008 (TVRPA) to treat all UACs the same regardless of their country of origin, so
long as they are not victims of human trafficking and can be safely returned home or
removed to safe third countries.
Clarify that alien minors who are not UACs (accompanied by a parent or legal
guardian or have a parent or legal guardian in the United States available to provide
care and physical custody) are not entitled to the presumptions or protections granted
to UACs.
Terminate the Flores Settlement Agreement (FSA) by passing legislation stipulating
care standards for minors in custody and clarify corresponding provisions of the
TVPRA that supersede the FSA.
Amend the definition of “special immigrant,” as it pertains to juveniles, to require
that the applicant prove that reunification with both parents are not viable due to
abuse, neglect, or abandonment and that the applicant is a victim of trafficking. The
current legal definition is abused, and provides another avenue for illicit entry.
Repeal the requirement that an asylum officer have initial jurisdiction over UAC
asylum applications to expedite processing.

AILA Doc. No 17100965.

(Posted 10/9/17)

C. Asylum Reform. The massive asylum backlog has allowed illegal immigrants to enter and
stay in the United States by exploiting asylum loopholes. There are more than 270,000
pending cases in the asylum backlog before USCIS, and approximately 250,000 asylum cases
before EOIR. Therefore, the Administration proposes correcting the systemic deficiencies
that created that backlog.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
vi.
vii.

viii.

ix.

Significantly tighten standards and eliminate loopholes in our asylum system.
Elevate the threshold standard of proof in credible fear interviews.
Impose and enforce penalties for the filing of frivolous, baseless, or fraudulent
asylum applications, and expand the use of expedited removal as appropriate.
Close loopholes in the law to bar terrorist aliens from entering the country and
receiving any immigration benefits.
Clarify and enhance the legal definition of “aggravated felony” to ensure that criminal
aliens do not receive certain immigration benefits.
Expand the ability to return asylum seekers to safe third countries.
Ensure only appropriate use of parole authority for aliens with credible fear or asylum
claims, to deter meritless claims and ensure the swift removal of those whose claims
are denied.
Prevent aliens who have been granted asylum or who entered as refugees from
obtaining lawful permanent resident status if they are convicted of an aggravated
felony.
Require review of the asylee or refugee status of an alien who returns to their home
country absent a material change in circumstances or country conditions.

D. Ensure Swift Border Returns. Immigration judges and supporting personnel face an
enormous case backlog, which cripples our ability to remove illegal immigrants in a timely
manner. The Administration therefore proposes providing additional resources to reduce the
immigration court backlog and ensure swift return of illegal border crossers.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Seek appropriations to hire an additional 370 immigration judges.
Establish performance metrics for immigration judges.
Seek appropriations to hire an additional 1,000 U.S. Immigration and Customs
Enforcement (ICE) attorneys, with sufficient support personnel.
Ensure sufficient resources for detention.

E. Inadmissible Aliens. The current statutory grounds for inadmissibility are too narrow, and
allow for the admission of individuals who threaten our public safety. Therefore, the
Administration proposes expanding the criteria that render aliens inadmissible and ensure
that such aliens are maintained in continuous custody until removal.
i.
ii.

Expand the grounds of inadmissibility to include gang membership.
Expand the grounds of inadmissibility to include those who have been convicted of
an aggravated felony; identity theft; fraud related to Social Security benefits;
domestic violence; child abuse; drunk driving offenses; failure to register as a sex
offender; or certain firearm offenses, including the unlawful purchase, sale,
possession, or carrying of a firearm.

AILA Doc. No 17100965.

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iii.

Expand the grounds of inadmissibility to include former spouses and children of
individuals engaged in drug trafficking and trafficking in persons, if the official
determines the divorce was a sham or the family members continue to receive
benefits from the illicit activity.

F. Discourage Illegal Re-entry. Many Americans are victims of crime committed by
individuals who have repeatedly entered the United States illegally, which also undermines
the integrity of the entire immigration system. Therefore, the Administration proposes
increasing penalties for repeat illegal border crossers and those with prior deportations.
G. Facilitate the Removal of Illegal Aliens from Partner Nations. Current barriers prevent the
Federal Government from providing assistance to partner nations for the purpose of
removing aliens from third countries whose ultimate intent is entering the United States.
Therefore, the Administration proposes authorizing DHS to provide foreign assistance to
partner nations to support migration management efforts conducted by those nations. This
will allow DHS to improve the ability of Central and South American countries to curb
northbound migration flows and to interrupt ongoing human smuggling, which will also
substantially reduce pressures on U.S. taxpayers.
H. Expedited Removal. Limited categories of aliens are currently subject to expedited removal,
which erodes border integrity and control by impeding the ability of the Federal Government
to efficiently and quickly remove inadmissible and deportable aliens from the United States.
The Administration seeks to expand the grounds of removability and the categories of aliens
subject to expedited removal and by ensuring that only aliens with meritorious valid claims
of persecution can circumvent expedited removal.

2.

INTERIOR ENFORCEMENT

A. Sanctuary Cities. Hundreds of sanctuary jurisdictions release dangerous criminals and
empower violent cartels like MS-13 by refusing to turn over incarcerated criminal aliens to
Federal authorities. Therefore, the Administration proposes blocking sanctuary cities from
receiving certain grants or cooperative agreements administered or awarded by the
Departments of Justice and Homeland Security
i.

ii.

Restrict such grants from being issued to:
a. Any state or local jurisdiction that fails to cooperate with any United States
government entity regarding enforcement of federal immigration laws;
b. Any entity that provides services or benefits to aliens not entitled to receive
them under existing Federal law; and
c. Any state or local jurisdiction that provides more favorable plea agreements or
sentencing for alien criminal defendants for the purpose of immigration
consequences of convictions.
Clarify ICE’s detainer authority, and States’ and localities’ ability to honor that
authority, so that States will continue to detain an individual pursuant to civil
immigration law for up to 48 hours so that ICE may assume custody.

AILA Doc. No 17100965.

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iii.

iv.
v.

Provide indemnification for State and local governments to protect them from civil
liability based solely on compliance with immigration detainers and transportation of
alien detainees.
Require State and local jurisdictions to provide all information requested by ICE
relating to aliens in their custody and the circumstances surrounding their detention.
Clarify the definition of a criminal conviction for immigration purposes, to prevent
jurisdictions from vacating or modifying criminal convictions to protect illegal
immigrants, and roll back erosion of the criminal grounds of removal by courts under
the “categorical approach.”

B. Immigration Authority for States and Localities. The prior Administration suppressed
cooperative partnerships between the Federal Government and State or local governments
that wanted to help with immigration enforcement, undermining the security of our
communities. Therefore, the Administration proposes enhancing State and local cooperation
with Federal immigration law enforcement in order to ensure national security and public
safety.
i.

ii.
iii.
iv.

Clarify the authority of State and local governments to investigate, arrest, detain, or
transfer to Federal custody aliens for purposes of enforcing Federal immigration laws
when done in cooperation with DHS.
Authorize State and local governments to pass legislation that will support Federal
law enforcement efforts.
Incentivize State and local governments to enter into agreements with the Federal
Government regarding immigration enforcement efforts.
Provide the same extent of immunity to State and local law enforcement agencies
performing immigration enforcement duties within the scope of their official role as is
provided to Federal law enforcement agencies.

C. Visa Overstays. Visa overstays account for roughly 40 percent of illegal immigration. The
Administration therefore proposes strengthening the removal processes for those who
overstay or otherwise violate the terms of their visas, and implementing measures to prevent
future visa overstays which may account for a growing percentage of illegal immigration.
i.
ii.

iii.
iv.
v.

Discourage visa overstays by classifying such conduct as a misdemeanor.
Require that all nonimmigrant visas held by an alien be cancelled when any one
nonimmigrant visa held by that alien is cancelled, to ensure that if an alien abuses one
type of visa, he cannot circumvent the immigration system by then relying on another
type of visa to enter the United States.
Bar all visa overstays from immigration benefits for a certain period of time with no
waiver.
Clarify that the government does not bear any expense for legal counsel for any visa
overstay in removal or related proceedings.
Require DHS to provide all available data relating to any deportable alien to the
Department of Justice’s National Crime Information Center for purposes of that
alien’s inclusion in the Immigration Violators File, with the exception of aliens who
cooperate with DHS on criminal investigations.

AILA Doc. No 17100965.

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vi.

vii.
viii.

Enhance the vetting of bond sponsors for those aliens who enter without inspection,
to ensure that bond sponsors undergo thorough background checks prior to being
eligible to post or receive a bond.
Permit the Department of State to release certain visa records to foreign governments
on a case-by-case basis when sharing is in the U.S. national interest.
Permit the Department of State to review the criminal background of foreign
diplomats or government officials contained in the National Crime Information
Center database before visa adjudication, regardless of whether the applicant’s
fingerprints are in the database.

D. Necessary Resources. The relatively small number of ICE officers is grossly inadequate to
serve a nation of 320 million people with tens of millions of tourists and visitors crossing
U.S. ports of entry every year. Therefore, the Administration proposes providing more
resources that are vitally needed to enforce visa laws, restore immigration enforcement, and
dismantle criminal gangs, networks and cartels.
i.
ii.
iii.

Seek appropriations to hire an additional 10,000 ICE officers.
Seek appropriations to hire an additional 300 Federal prosecutors to support Federal
immigration prosecution efforts.
Reforms to help expedite the responsible addition of new ICE personnel.

E. Detention Authority. Various laws and judicial rulings have eroded ICE’s ability to detain
illegal immigrants (including criminal aliens), such that criminal aliens are released from ICE
custody into our communities. Therefore, the Administration proposes terminating outdated
catch-and-release laws that make it difficult to remove illegal immigrants.
i.

ii.

Ensure public safety and national security by providing a legislative fix for the
Zadvydas loophole, and authorizing ICE, consistent with the Constitution, to retain
custody of illegal aliens whose home countries will not accept their repatriation.
Require the detention of an alien: (1) who was not inspected and admitted into the
United States, who holds a revoked nonimmigrant visa (or other nonimmigrant
admission document), or who is deportable for failing to maintain nonimmigrant
status; and (2) who has been charged in the United States with a crime that resulted in
the death or serious bodily injury of another person.

F. Legal Workforce. Immigrants who come here illegally and enter the workforce undermine
job opportunities and reduce wages for American workers, as does the abuse of visa
programs. Therefore, the Administration increasing employment verification and other
protections for U.S. workers.
i.
ii.
iii.

Require the use of the electronic status-verification system (“E-Verify”) to ensure the
maintenance of a legal workforce in the United States.
Preempt any State or local law relating to employment of unauthorized aliens.
Impose strong penalties, including debarment of Federal contractors, for failure to
comply with E-Verify.

AILA Doc. No 17100965.

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iv.
v.
vi.

vii.

Increase penalties for any person or entity engaging in a pattern or practice of
violations.
Require the Social Security Administration to disclose information to DHS to be used
in the enforcement of immigration laws.
Expand the definition of unlawful employment discrimination to include replacement
of U.S. citizen workers by nonimmigrant workers or the preferential hiring of such
foreign workers over U.S. citizen workers.
Strengthen laws prohibiting document fraud related to employment or to any other
immigration benefit.

G. Deportable Aliens. The categories of aliens that currently qualify for deportation are
insufficiently broad to remove aliens who pose a threat to the security of the American
public. Therefore, the Administration proposes expanding and clarifying the type of aliens
who present a danger to Americans and should therefore be removable on an expedited basis.
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.

Expand grounds of deportability to explicitly include gang members.
Expand the grounds of deportability to include those convicted of multiple drunk
driving offenses or a single offense involving death or serious injury.
Expand the grounds of deportability to include those who fail to register as a sex
offender.
Clarify the technical definition of “aggravated felony” by referring to “an offense
relating to” each of the categories of crimes, rather than specifying the crimes
themselves. This will ensure certain kinds of homicide, sex offenses, and trafficking
offenses are encompassed within the statutory definition.

H. Gang Members. Today, known gang members are still able to win immigration benefits
despite the dangers they pose to American society. As such, the Administration proposes
implementing measures that would deny gang members and those associated with criminal
gangs from receiving immigration benefits.
I. Visa Security Improvements. Without sufficient resources, the State Department is hindered
from adequately vetting visa applicants. As such, the Administration proposes enhancing
State Department visa and traveler security resources and authorities.
i.

ii.
iii.
iv.

v.

Expand the Department of State’s authority to use fraud prevention and detection fees
for programs and activities to combat all classes of visa fraud within the United States
and abroad.
Ensure funding for the Visa Security Program and facilitate its expansion to all highrisk posts.
Increase the border crossing card fee.
Grant the Department of State authority to apply the Passport Security Surcharge to
the costs of protecting U.S. citizens and their interests overseas, and to include those
costs when adjusting the surcharge.
Strengthen laws prohibiting civil and criminal immigration fraud and encourage the
use of advanced analytics to proactively detect fraud in immigration benefit
applications.

AILA Doc. No 17100965.

(Posted 10/9/17)

3.

MERIT-BASED IMMIGRATION SYSTEM

A. Merit-Based Immigration. The current immigration system prioritizes extended familybased chain migration over skills-based immigration and does not serve the national interest.
Decades of low-skilled immigration has suppressed wages, fueled unemployment and
strained federal resources. Therefore, the Administration proposes establishing a merit-based
immigration system that protects U.S. workers and taxpayers, and ending chain migration, to
promote financial success and assimilation for newcomers.
i.

ii.

iii.
iv.

End extended-family chain migration by limiting family-based green cards to spouses
and minor children and replace it with a merit-based system that prioritizes skills and
economic contributions over family connections.
Establish a new, points-based system for the awarding of Green Cards (lawful
permanent residents) based on factors that allow individuals to successfully assimilate
and support themselves financially.
Eliminate the “Diversity Visa Lottery.”
Limit the number of refugees to prevent abuse of the generous U.S. Refugee
Admissions Program and allow for effective assimilation of admitted refugees into
the fabric of our society.

AILA Doc. No 17100965.

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