Miller v. Facebook, Inc. et al

Filing 116

*** REFER TO DOCUMENT 126 FOR CORRECT EXHIBITS. *** Declaration of David Crane in Support of 114 MOTION for Summary Judgment RE CONTRIBUTORY COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT filed byFacebook, Inc.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit 2, # 3 Exhibit 3, # 4 Exhibit 4, # 5 Exhibit 5, # 6 Exhibit 6, # 7 Exhibit 7, # 8 Exhibit 8, # 9 Exhibit 9, # 10 Exhibit 10, # 11 Exhibit 11, # 12 Exhibit 12, # 13 Exhibit 13, # 14 Exhibit 14, # 15 Exhibit 15, # 16 Exhibit 16, # 17 Exhibit 17)(Related document(s) 114 ) (Avalos, Julio) (Filed on 3/3/2011) Modified on 3/4/2011 (feriab, COURT STAFF).

Miller v. Facebook, Inc. et al

Doc. 116 Att. 15

EXHIBIT 15

Dockets.Justia.com

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ActionScript code protection. ActionScript is the main language for developing flash products. Code obfuscation is the process of transforming code into a form that is unintelligible to human readers while preserving the functionality and structure for computers. Flash developers use a variety of code encryption and obfuscation methods in order to but most obfuscation methods are kept secret because they are used in popular ActionScript obfuscators.
Contents [hide] 1 Overview 2 Examples 2.1 ActionScript 2.0 2.2 ActionScript 3.0 3 See also 4 External links 4.1 Adobe documentation and references

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Overview

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Obfuscation is the process of modifying ActionScript code. Obfuscation engineering makes it impossible to use the original code for programming by mixing up functions, arguments and variables names; however the SWF file with obfuscated code stays readable for Flash players. ActionScript obfuscation algorithms are aimed to resist Flash decompilation and protect development's work from stealing. Nowadays, there are many different freeware and shareware tools that provides different obfuscation options. Some SWF Protectors implement lexical transformations such as identifiers renaming, control flow transformation, and data abstraction transformation - that make it harder for decompilers to generate correct and usable output. Others - insert certain traps based on decompilers imperfections. Some decompilers manage to open protected files and maybe extract some of its resources (sounds, images, etc.), but they cannot read the ActionScript code correctly. It often happens that when protected SWF file is added to decompilation software, the latter may crash or quit unexpectedly.

Examples

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The easiest way to understand the benefit of SWF obfuscation is to compare a non-protected SWF ActionScript code with protected one.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActionScript_code_protection[3/3/2011 3:43:30 PM]

ActionScript code protection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

ActionScript 2.0
Code before obfuscation:
stop(); if (this.holder1 == Number (this.holder1)) { loadMovieNum ("jopeClipLoader5.swf", this.holder1); } else { this.holder1.loadMovie("jopeClipLoader5.swf"); }

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Code after obfuscation:
do { if (false) { (() add ().holder1);// not popped if (true) { // unexpected jump do { stop(); } while (false); // unexpected jump if ( false) { Set("\x0B \x1A\x13\x16", true); } while (true); do { if (true) { // unexpected jump // unexpected jump if (false) { } while (true); do { // unexpected jump } while (true); // swfAction0xAD hexdata 0x52,0x17,0x99,0x02,0x00,0x39,0x00,0x9A,0x01... // Unknown action } (() add ( ).holder1)[(!"holder1".holder1() ).holder1]. loadMovie() ; // unexpected jump /* Error1016 */ // unexpected jump do { (this);// not popped if (true) { // unexpected jump } while (this); (this);// not popped // unexpected jump } } } if (false) { } while (true); do { // unexpected jump } while (true); // swfAction0xAD hexdata 0x52,0x17,0x99,0x02,0x00,0x39,0x00,0x9A,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x99... // Unknown action } "holder1".holder1.loadMovie(); // unexpected jump /* Error1016 */ // unexpected jump do { (this);// not popped if ( true) { // unexpected jump } while ( this); (this);// not popped // unexpected jump } } } Set("\x 0B\x1A\x 13\x16", true); } while (true); do { ( /* Error1010 */);// not popped if (true) {

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActionScript_code_protection[3/3/2011 3:43:30 PM]

ActionScript code protection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
// unexpected jump // unexpected jump if (false) { } while (true); do { // unexpected jump } while (true); // swfAction0xAD hexdata 0x52,0x17,0x99,0x02,0x00,0x39,0x00,0x9A,0x01,0x00,0x00,0x99,0x02... // Unknown action }

ActionScript 3.0
Code before obfuscation:
private function getNeighbours(i:int, j:int):Array{ var a:Array = new Array(); for (var k = 0 ; k < 8; k++){ var ni = i + int (neighbour_map[k][0]); var nj = j + int (neighbour_map[k][1]) ; if (ni < 0 || ni >= xsize || nj < 0 || nj >= ysize) continue; a.push(Cell(cells[ni][nj])); } return a; }

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Code after obfuscation:
private function getNeighbours(_arg1:int, _arg2:int):Array{ var _local3:Array = -(((null - !NULL!) % ~(undefined) )) ; var _local4:*; var _local5:*; var _local6:*; _local3 = new Array (); _local4 = 0; for (;//unresolved jump , _arg2 < 8;_local4++) { _local5 = (_arg1 + int(!NULL!)); _local6 = (_arg2 + int(!NULL!)); if (true){ _arg1 = (((//unresolved nextvalue or nextname << !NULL!) + !NULL!) << undefined); _arg1 = (!(!NULL!) ^ ! NULL!); (!NULL! instanceof !NULL!); var _local1 = (((!NULL! as !NULL!) + !NULL!) == this); if (!(!NULL! == !NULL!)){ -((true << !NULL!)).push(Cell(cells[_local5][_local6] )); } } if (!true){ (_local6 < 0); (_local6 < 0); (_local5 < 0); } } return (_local3); }

See also
ActionScript ActionScript Foundry Adobe Flash Obfuscated code SWF

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External links
Adobe documentation and
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ActionScript_code_protection[3/3/2011 3:43:30 PM]

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Wikibooks has a book on the

ActionScript code protection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

references
ActionScript Technology Center ActionScript 2.0 Language Reference ActionScript 3.0 Language & Component Reference Flex 3 LiveDocs: Programming ActionScript 3.0 Categories: Adobe Flash | Scripting languages | Obfuscation

topic of ActionScript Programming Wikiversity has learning materials about ActionScript:Introduction

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