AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS et al v. PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC.

Filing 122

LARGE ADDITIONAL ATTACHMENT(S) filed by PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC. #121 MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC.. (Attachments: #1 Exhibit 1-10 Public, #2 Exhibit 11-20 Public, #3 Exhibit 21-40 Public, #4 Exhibit 41-60 Public, #5 Exhibit 61-80 Public, #6 Exhibit 81-100 Public, #7 Exhibit 101-120 Public, #8 Exhibit 121-140 Public, #9 Exhibit 141-157 Public)(Bridges, Andrew)

EXHIBIT 21
(FILED UNDER SEAL)

EXHIBIT 22
(FILED UNDER SEAL)

EXHIBIT 23

EXHIBIT 24

From:
Sent:
To:
Cc:

Subject:
Attach:

Petre, Sarah <[e-mail]>
Thursday, October 4, 2012 4:43 PM
Grove, Jeff <[e-mail]>, Smith, Dan <[e-mail]>; Quinn, Anthony
<[e-mail]>
McClung, Kate <[e-mail]>
A ,7T EXHIBIT
RE: ASTM Follow Up on S1492
entG-r°}4
Three Kids Mine_S 1492_Text_0ct2012.docx

.14°

Rptinrn

VVWW.DE OBOOLCOM

Per Alex's email below, I would appreciate your feedback on the language. I attached the legislation with my comments.
The primary issue that I would like to discuss with you is:

Should we request that Congress use the language "the most current version of XXX"? (it currently does for two of the
three standards in this draft legislation)
Or

Now that we have learned that this language is not technically right because the initial version of the standard that
Congress intended to include might be substantively different from an updated version of the standard that would then
be automatically incorporated----should we suggest that Congress use language like that which is used in CPSIA and the
most recent draft of the gypsum bill? I could supply this sample language to Alex and set his feedback on it.
Thank you!
Sarah

From: McDonough, Alexander (Reid) [mailto:Alexander_McDonough©reidsenate.gov]
Sent: Thursday, October 04, 2012 4:16 PM
To: Petre, Sa ra h

Cc: Quinn, Anthony; Smith, Dan
Subject: RE: ASTM Follow Up on S1492
Hi Sara- I know it's been over a year since we met but we're now getting around to making the necessary revisions to
this S.1492, the Three Kids Mine remediation bill.

I want to be absolutely sure that we properly cite the most up-to-date version of your environmental site assessment
standards in the bill. Would you be able to provide us a suggestion how to modify the attached legislative language?

I'm happy to discuss further if that would be helpful. My direct line is 202-224-1052. Thanks!
Alex

Alex McDonough
Policy Advisor - Natural Resources
Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid
202-224-3542
For more information, or to receive the Reid Report E-Newsletter, visit Senator Harry Reid's website at http://reid.senate.gov

ASTM019650

From: Petre, Sarah Lmailto:spetre©astm.or_gl
Sent: Tuesday, August 30, 2011 2:21 PM
To: McDonough, Alexander (Reid)
Cc: Quinn, Anthony; Smith, Dan
Subject: ASTM Follow Up on 51492

Good afternoon Alex:

Thank you for meeting with ASTM International last week to discuss our work on standards for environmental
site assessments as it relates to mine safety in S1492. After a seemingly long week of earthquakes and
hurricanes, 1 am following up with you to provide you with a document that explains the major changes to
standard E1903-97 (2002) reflected in the recently approved 2011 version. As mentioned in our meeting, as
compared to the language in the statute for two other standards, ASTM E2137-06 and E1527-05, the language
for E1903 does not reflect Congress' intent to use the most recent standard, which industry would be using.
While the 2002 version of the standard still etTectively provides the framework for good commercial and
customary practices in conducting a Phase 11 environmental site assessment, a reference of the most recent
standard is important to reflect Congress' intent.
Please let us know how ASTM can be a resource for your staff on this particular legislation and other related
issues. ASTM's standards are effective tools to adclress the environmental, safety and health issues related to
abandoned mine sites.
Best to you,
Sarah

Sarah Petre
ASTM International
Manager, Industry anc
Office: 202-223-8399
Cell: 484-358-2455
spcirMasini.orL;
.aS1111.0fg.

AV NN \

McDonough, Alexander (Reid) [mailto:Alexander McDonouqh©reid.senate.clov]
Wednesday, August 10, 2011 11:23 AM
Petre, Sarah
Ouinn, Anthony; Smith, Dan
RE: Request for Meeting Re: 51492
Sarah- Let's meet in Hart 522. Thanks,
Alex

From: Petre, Sarah [mailto:[e-mail]]
Sr:et. Wednesday, August 10, 2011 11:19 AM
L'o: McDonough, Alexander (Reid)
Cc: Quinn, Anthony; Smith, Dan
nupie.c,-: RE: Request for Meeting Re: 51492

Good morning, Alex:

Let's plan on meeting on August 23 at 10am. VVhere is the best location to meet you?
Best,

Sarah

ASTM019651

Sarah Petre
ASTM International
Manager, Industry and Federal Affairs
Office: 202-223-8399
Cell: 484-358-2455
[e-mail]
www.astm.org

.....--.-..---..--..--..-----.-.-.........,--------.-. ...... ------.

.......-------

,.,....--

From: McDonough, Alexander (Reid) [mailto:[e-mail]]
Sent: Tuesday, August 09, 2011 4:42 PM
To: Petre, Sarah
Cc: Quinn, Anthony; Smith, Dan
Subject: RE: Request for Meeting Re: S1492

I'm available to meet on the 23. My schedule is very flexible right now, so please send me a couple good
times that work for you. Thanks,
Alex
Hi Sarah

From: Petre, Sarah f ma ilto: [e-mail]
Sent: Thursday, August 04, 2011 3:16 PM
To: McDonough, Alexander (Reid)
Cc: Quinn, Anthony; Smith, Dan
Subject: Request for Meeting Re: S1492

Good afternoon Alex:

I am contacting you regarding Senator Reid's recently introduced bill, S1492, on the remediation and reclamation of the
Three Kids Mine Project Site, which has a sister bill, HR2512, sponsored by Representative Heck.
ASTM is pleased to see that Senator Reid values the development of a public-private partnership, particularly with the
utilization of ASTM International's standards, for the success of the Three Kids Mine project. To give you a brief
background on ASTM International: we are a non-profit organization that serves as a forum for the development and
publication of technical, voluntary consensus standards for materials, products, services, and systems. ASTM standards
include product specifications, safety standards, and test methods that cover a range of products from environmental
assessment and building materials to clinical tools and consumer products. We bring together technical experts
representing regulators, producers, consumers, and academia to create voluntary consensus standards. Participation in
ASTM International is open to all with a material interest, anywhere in the world. ASTM standards are used in business
transactions, federal and state regulations, as well as international commerce. More than 100 industries rely on ASTM
standards and over 2,500 ASTM Standards have also been adopted as the basis for national standards or are referenced in
regulation outside the United States.

ASTM's standards are effective tools to address the environmental, safety and health issues related to abandoned mine

sites. As you know, with the passage of S1492 and HR2512, three ASTM Standards will be used for the project,
including: ASTM E2137-06: Standard Guide for Estimating Monetary Costs and Liabilities for Environmental Matters;
E1527-05: Standard Practice for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Process; and
E1903-97 (2002): Standard Guide for Environmental Site Assessments: Phase II Environmental Site Assessment Process.
ASTM Committee E.50 on Environmental Assessment, Risk Management and Corrective Action just approved the 2011
revision and update of E1903-97 (2002). For these reasons, ASTM has already met with the Majority and Minority Staff
of the House Subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources. We would also like to request a meeting with you to

discuss the ASTM standard, its changes, and how it affects the project and legislation. Are you available for a
meeting on August 16, 19, 22, or 23?
I look fonvard to your response. Thank you,
Sarah Petre

ASTM019652

Sarah Petre

ASTM International
1V1anager, Industry and Federal Affairs
Washington Office
1828 L Street, NW, Suite 906
Washington, DC 20036
Office: 202-223-8399
spetrer4;astm.org
WWW.astm.org

ASTM019653

EXHIBIT 25

orm and tyle
for
T
tandards
INTERNATIONAi..

January 2015

© BY AMERICAN

SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS INTERNATIONAL

Page
Preface ............................................................................................................................................... .
Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... vi
Definitions ....................................................................................................................................... .
Part A. Form of ASTM Test Methods ........................................................................................... .
Part B. Form of ASTM Specifications .......................................................................................... .
Part C. Form of Other Types of

Standards ....................................................................... .

Part D. Use of the Modified Decimal Numbering System ........................................................... .
Part E. Terminology in ASTM Standards ..................................................................................... .

Part F. Caveats and Other Legal Aspects in Standards-Special Instructions ............................. .
Part
Part

Standards
. Use of

Annex A.
of

rvianual ·····································································································
Units in

Standards ................................................................................ .

PREFACE
ASTM International (hereafter referred to as ASTM International or ASTM), founded in 1898, is a
scientific and technical organization formed for "the development of standards on characteristics and
performance of materials, products, systems, and services; and the promotion of related knowledge." It
is the world's largest source of voluntary consensus standards.
The purpose of this manual is to promote uniformity of f01m and style in ASTM standards. Such
uniformity is desirable because it helps the user to find what is needed more easily and to understand
what is read more quickly. Such uniformity in a manuscript is necessary if it is to be published by ASTM
International. Deviations from ASTM style may mean wasted time on the part of authors, reviewers,
editors, and eventually the reader of the standard. This means costly time and resources are lost by
everyone involved.
Section 10.7 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees requires that the current
edition of this manual be followed in the writing of standards. When conditions preclude compliance
with this manual, a committee may request an exemption from the Committee on Standards (COS).
Responsibility for the Form and Style for ASTM Standards is vested in the Board of Directors.
Revisions to this manual may be recommended by the Board of Directors, by the Committee on
Standards, or by a technical committee or its Executive Subcommittee. The Committee on Standards acts
upon recommendations for changes and reviews all requests from technical committees for exceptions to
the Form and Style for ASTM Standards. Recommended changes to this manual in technical substance
and format shall be referred to the Committee on Standards, which, at a regular meeting, shall rule on the
merits of the recommendation. A circular letter ballot will be issued to the technical committees and the
responses will be addressed by COS. The COS recommendation shall be sent to the Board of Directors.
Changes adopted by the Board of Directors shall be announced to the members and shall become
effective on the date determined by the Board of Directors.
Suggestions for editorial revision of this manual should be addressed to the Staff Coordinator-Form
and Style Manual, ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA
19428-2959.

v

This manual is the basic textbook for anyone writing an ASTM standard. A study of Parts A, B, C, or
E will show the proper form for the principal types of standards including a detailed explanation of how
to write each section, from the title to the appendixes. Within Parts A, B, C, and E, the first section lists
the preferred sequence of headings and indicates whether these sections are mandatory. The headings
identified as "mandatory" are required. Other headings shall be included when the subject matter is
pertinent to the document under development, in which case, all instructions and guidance for that
particular section shall be followed. For example, if the standard does not contain reference to any
standard documents within the text, it is not required to include a section on Referenced Documents. If,
however, specific hazards are cited throughout the text, then the section on Hazards shall be followed.
Included at appropriate places are examples and standard wording. Also included are examples of
correctly written complete manuscripts of various types of standards. Where standards are referenced
throughout the text of this manual, visit the ASTM website,
and refer to the standard's
Document Summary page.
For easy reference purposes, each paragraph in an ASTM standard shall be numbered. The modified
decimal numbering system adopted is explained in Part D. Part E gives instructions for preparing
standard definitions and a format for specialized terminology standards. Special instruction concerning
patents, use of trademarks, open-end agreements, fire standards. and other legal issues are given in Part
F.
Part G is a detailed Style Manual that includes among other things information on abbreviations,
spellings, literature references, and preparation of illustrations.
ASTM policy is that SI units be included in all standards. Part H is included to aid the standards
writer to
these units
It is the technical committee's decision whether SI or other
units are the preferred unit of measurement used in the committee's document. When SI and non-SI units
of measurement are contained in a document, the order in which they appear is determined by that
committee.
For additional information about ASTM
such as the
contact ASTM Technical
-·---------·
PA 9428-2959
Committee Operations,
61

Vl

DEFINITION
The following definitions apply to the use of the content of this manual and clarify which sections or
formats, or both, are mandatory when presenting ASTM documents:
1. "Shall" is used to indicate that a provision is mandatory.
2. "Should" is used to indicate that a provision is not mandatory but is recommended as good
practice.
3. "May" is used to indicate that a provision is optional.
4. "Will" is used to express futurity, but never to indicate any degree of requirement.
Definitions for standard, classification, guide, practice, specification, terminology, and test method
are quoted below from the cun-ent Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees:
standard, n- as used in ASTM International, a document that has been developed and established
within the consensus principles of the Society and that meets the approval requirements of ASTM
procedures and regulations.
DISCUSSION-The term "standard" serves in ASTM International as a nominative adjective in the
title of documents, such as test methods or specifications, to connote specified consensus and approval.
The various types of standard documents are based on the needs and usages as prescribed by the
technical committees of the Society.
classification, n- a systematic mTangement or division of materials, products, systems, or services
into groups based on similar characteristics such as origin, composition, properties, or use.
guide, n- a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific
course of action.
DISCUSSION-A guide increases the awareness of information and approaches in a given subject
area.
practice, n- a definitive set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations that does
not produce a test result.
DISCUSSION-Examples of practices include, but are not limited to: application, assessment,
cleaning, collection, decontamination, inspection, installation, preparation, sampling, screening, and
training.
specification, n- an explicit set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product, system, or
service.
DISCUSSION-Examples of specifications include, but are not limited to, requirements for;
physical, mechanical, or chemical properties, and safety, quality, or performance criteria. A specification
identifies the test methods for determining whether each of the requirements is satisfied.
terminology standard, n- a document comprising definitions of terms; explanations of symbols,
abbreviations, or acronyms.
test method, n- a definitive procedure that produces a test result.
DISCUSSION-Examples of test methods include, but are not limited to: identification, measurement, and evaluation of one or more qualities, characteristics, or properties. A precision and bias
statement shall be reported at the end of a test method. (Refer to Section A21 on Precision and Bias.)
approval date, n- the date assigned by ASTM International through the Committee on Standards,
which indicates that a new standard, revision or reapproval has successfully completed the balloting and
appeals process in accordance with the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees.
publication date, n- the month/year that an approved standard is made publicly available in either
electronic or hardcopy fonn.

Vil

An ASTM test method, as defined on p. vii, typically includes a concise description of an orderly
procedure for determining a property or constituent of a material, an assembly of materials, or a product.
The directions for performing the test should include all of the essential details as to apparatus, test
specimen, procedure, and calculations needed to achieve satisfactory precision and bias.
An ASTM test method should represent a consensus as to the best currently available test procedure
for the use intended. It should be supported by experience and adequate data obtained from cooperative
tests.
In order to be the ''best currently available," test methods need periodic review to determine whether
revisions are desirable as the result of technological advances in manufacturing, testing, and use
requirements.
ASTM test methods are frequently intended for use in the buying and selling of materials according
to specifications and therefore should provide such precision that when the test is properly performed by
a competent operator the results will be found satisfactory for judging the compliance of the material
with the specification. These test methods cover the determination of fundamental properties of materials
such as density, absolute viscosity, softening point, and flash point. They may include a variety of
different laboratory procedures such as chemical and spectrochemica\ analyses, mechanical and
electrical tests, weathering tests, visual examination, fire tests, performance characteristics, sampling,
nondestructive tests, and radiation exposure tests. In some standards, optional test methods are included.
Statements addressing precision and bias are required in ASTM test methods. This gives the user of
the test method an idea of the nature of the sample to be
and analyzed and information
regarding the nature of the data obtained
using the method. The requirement of
and bias
statements does not mean that numerical statements are
It means that the
of resulting
data and its relationship to an accepted reference material or source (if available) shall be addressed.
Some test methods have no numerical expression of precision or bias (for example, pass/fail tests, spot
these cases,
and bias shall be addressed and the reasons for not including relevant data
Test methods are sometimes
for use in research rather than in the buying and selling
of materials. Other test methods cover process control, screening, and field tests. Although these latter
methods may
be as
are
for the
intended use and
at
of
are included in
and shali be followed in
any standard.
include such matters
contractual
caveat statements,
and fire
standards. Assistance on the development of fire standards is available from Committee E05. The
policies contained in Part F are approved by and are under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Board of
Directors.
When a standard is being developed, the costs associated with its
and subsequent use
generally should be considered. The
should be the
use of resources to achieve
satisfactory definition of the product or service. However, it should be noted that when the standard
relates to the safety of persons, cost considerations are likely to become much less important than when
attributes of materials or products are involved. Some standards, such as definitions, impose no cost on
the user; others that include numerous and extensive requirements can entail significant expense to users
of the standard. The requirements to be included should, therefore. be those that are technically relevant
and yield benefits commensurate with the cost of their determination.
A-I

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

Cost effectiveness statements or rationale may be included within a standard if appropriate, usually
in an appendix.

Al. Subject Headings of Text
Al.1 The following is the sequence for the
text of ASTM test methods. Headings are those
most generally used but may not be all-inclusive.
It may be necessary to include other headings for
specialized subjects. The headings identified as
"mandatory" are required. Other headings shall
be included when the subject matter is pertinent
to the document under development, in which
case, all instructions and guidance for that particular section shall be followed. For example, if
the standard does not contain reference to any
standard documents within the text, it is not
required to include a section on Referenced
Documents. If, however, specific hazards are
cited throughout the text, then the section on
Hazards shall be followed.
t
·j·

t
t

test methods, repetition of appropriate headings
may be desirable.
Al.3 Subject headings in boldface type shall
precede each section to orient the reader. Text
divisions shall be subdivided in accordance with
the Use of the Modified Decimal Numbering
System guide in Part D of this publication.
Al.4 For convenience in application and
when economy in printing may result, test methods may include a series of procedures for determining the same or different properties of a given
material. In such test methods, include at the
beginning of the standard individual sections
describing those features that are common to all
of the separate test methods. Identify different
methods within the standard by capital letters,
starting with A; i.e., Test Method A, Test Method
B, etc.
Al.5 Examples of test methods for single
determination:

Title (mandatory)
Designation (mandatory)
Introduction
Scope (mandatory)
Referenced Documents
Terminology
Summary of Test Method
Significance and Use (mandatory)
Interferences
Apparatus
Reagents and Materials
Hazards (mandatory when applicable)
Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
Preparation of Apparatus
Calibration and Standardization
Conditioning
Procedure (mandatory)
Calculation or Interpretation of Results
Report
Precision and Bias (mandatory)
Measurement Uncertainty
Keywords (mandatory)
Annexes and Appendixes
References
Summary of Changes

B33 l Test Method for Compressibility of Metal Powders in
Uniaxial Compaction
C693 Test Method for Density of Glass by Buoyancy

Al.6 Examples of test methods covering a
series of test methods:
Dll79 Test Methods for Fluoride Ion in Water
D2137 Test Methods for Rubber Property-Brittleness
Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics
F38 Test Methods for Creep Relaxation of a Gasket Material

A 1. 7 In deciding whether to describe similar
test methods as portions of a single standard or as
separate test methods, the following criterion
may be found useful: When the descriptions of
the apparatus and procedure are similar and a
significant economy in printing can be accomplished by combining, and if, because of clearly
understood distinctions in applicability, no confusion can rise as to which test method should be
used, then it is desirable to treat the test methods
as parts of a single standard. If confusion could
arise, the test methods should be published separately. If one test method is preferred as a referee
method, it should be so designated, in which case

t The headings marked with a dagger (t) should appear only
once in test methods that contain two or more test methods.

Al.2 Not all of these headings may be
required for a particular standard. Additional
headings that are included to cover specialized
subjects should appear in the most appropriate
place, depending on their relation to the sections
listed in Al. I. When a standard includes several
A-2

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

the other test methods should be designated as
optional or nonreferee. When test methods are
published separately, a worthwhile saving can be
accomplished by making cross-references from
one test method to another for the apparatus and
detailed description of the procedure.

A3. l .2 A sequential number following the
letter designation (for example, Specification
CISO).

A3.2 Year Date: (for example, Specification
ClS0-01).

A3.2. l After the designation, a hyphen is
followed by the last two numbers of the year of
acceptance or of last revision. If the standard is
revised again during the same year, this is indicated by adding an ·'a" for the second revision,
"b" for the third revision, etc.
A3 .2.2 The parenthetical phrase "(Reapproved 20_)" to designate the year of last
preapproval of a standard, if applicable.
A3.2.3 For editorial changes that do not
change the year designation, a note is inserted
before the text to indicate the location and date of
the change and a superscript epsilon (") is added
after the year designation. The epsilon designations and corresponding notes arc numbered
chronologically and arc deleted upon occasion of
the next revision or rcapproval.
A3.3 The designation numbers of standards
that have been discontinued are not reassigned.
A3.4 SI Stondords (sec Part H and Section

A2. Title
A2. 1 The title should be concise but complete enough to identify the nature of the test, the
material to which is it applicable, and to distinguish it from other similar titles. Titles of analogous standards should be identical, except for the
distinctive feature(s) of each standard. Titles are
used frequently in lists. tables of contents,
indexes. tabulating card systems, etc., and therefore should be brief but inclusive. Select words
that easily lend themselves to indexing. The
essential features of a title are the particular
property or constituent being determined, the
material to which the test method is applicable.
and when pertinent, the technique or instrumentation. If the test method is designated to determine a number of constituents or properties, use a
the names of
constituents or properties. When a standard includes
a number of individual test methods for different
the title need indicate

separate section covering general
or informational material is not gcnuscd in
test methods.
a test method is of such a nature that it requires an
statement for proper
by the user.
such instances an introduction
should be included
after the title of
the test method but without a section number.
A4.2
of test methods that ineludc
introductions are as follows:

nature of the tests and the

material to which it is

A3. l. I A Jetter designation denoting in general the classification according to material,
uct,
or service.

or

D 143 Test lVlcthods for Small Clear Specimens
Timber
D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
Bonds in Shem· by Compression Loading

A-Ferrous metals and products
!3---Nonfl'.rrous metals and products
C---Ccmcntitious. ceramic. concrete. and masonry rnatcrials
D-Miscellancous materials and products
E-Misccllancous subjects
F-End-usc rnatcrials and products
G-Corrosion. deterioration, weathering, durability, and
degradation
materials and products

AS.
AS. J Include in this section information
relating to the purpose of the test method. State if
the method is quantitative or qualitative, and any
known limitations. Concisely state the property
or constituent that is being determined and the

or

A-3

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

materials that can be analyzed. State the range of
concentrations/values determined.
A5.2 Include, where applicable, the analytical technique, for example, gas chromatography,
and whether the test is performed in the laboratory, field, or on-line.
A5.3 Include in this section the system of
units to be used in referee decisions.
A5.4 Include in this section any caveats
required by ASTM policy such as the caveats on
safety hazards (see F2.l) and fire hazards (see
F2.2).
A5.5 For standards developed for reference
in model (building) codes, include the following
statement:

used language should be defined within a standard or the terminology standard should be referenced. (See Part Eon Terminology.)
A7.1.2 To avoid redundant definitions,
check the committee terminology standard, terminology sections within committee technical
standards, and the ASTM Online Dictionmy of
Engineering Science and Technology.
A7 .2 Terminology Within a Standard- This
section may include paragraphs on definitions,
definitions of tenns specific to a standard, symbols, abbreviations, acronyms, discussions, or a
combination thereof.
A7 .2.1 Definitions- Write a definition in
the dictionary-definition form and assign a section number, term, part of speech, definition, and,
when applicable, a delimiting phrase. Italicize the
term, part of speech, and delimiting phrase. Do
not capitalize the term or any other components
of the definition except for proper nouns, acronyms, or any other words capitalized in normal
usage (see Section E4). List the terms in alphabetical order. Example follows:

The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

A6. Refereneed Documents
A6.1 List in alphanumeric sequence the
designation and complete title of the following
documents referenced within the standard; ASTM
standards and adjuncts; and standards and codes
of other organizations. For references to all other
documents, including ASTM STPs, use the format indicated in Section G21.
A6.2 Provide footnotes to this section to
indicate the sources of these documents. When
ASTM standards are referenced later in the text,
use only the type of standard (that is, specification, test method, practice, classification, guide,
terminology, etc.) and the designation letter and
number (for example, Test Method D 1310).
A6.3 Do not include the year date when
designating referenced documents unless there is
a technical reason for requiring a particular revision.
A6.4 When listing referenced adjuncts, provide a brief description in this section, and a
footnote of the availability. (For more specific
information on adjuncts, refer to Section A28).

3. Terminology-(Always use as the main heading.)
3 .1 Definitions:
3.1.1 color blindness, n-total or partial inability to differentiate certain hues.
3.1.2 transmittance, n-of light, that fraction of the incident light of a given wavelength which is not reflected or
absorbed, but passes through a substance.

A7 .2.2 Discussions- When more detail of
the concept being defined is desirable, supplementary information should be added as a separate numbered paragraph labeled "Discussion"
immediately following the definition. Use the
term "Discussion" instead of "Note" (see E5.8).
Example follows:
3.1.2.l Discussion-Extraneous leakage is the sum of all
leakage other than that intended to be
measured by the test.
E283

A7.2.3 Definition(s) of Term(s) Specific to
This Standard- This is a term that is specific to
the standard in which it is used and that has no
application out of that context. Write a definition
of term specific to a standard in the dictionarydefinition form and include a section number,

A7. Terminology
A7 .1 Every standard should include a section on terminology.
A7 .1.1 All significant terms that may have a
meaning more specialized than the commonly
A-4

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

A9.

and Use
A9. l Include in this section information that
explains the relevance and meaning of the test.
State the practical uses for the test and how it is
typically employed. Avoid repetition of information included in the Scope (see Section AS).
Include statements to provide the user with comprehensive understanding of the following:
A9. l.l The meaning of the test as related to
the manufacture and end use of the material,
A9. l .2 The suitability of the test for specification acceptance, design purposes, service
evaluation, regulatory statutes, manufacturing
control. development and research, and
A9. l .3 The fundamental assumptions inherent in the test method that may affect the usefulness of the results.
A9.2 Include any discretion needed in the
interpretation of the results of the test.
A9.3 Include, where applicable, comparisons of the test to other similar procedures.

term, part of speech, definition, and, when applicable, a delimiting phrase. Italicize the term, part
of speech, and delimiting phrase. Do not capitalize the term or any other components of the
definition except for proper nouns, acronyms, or
other words capitalized in normal usage (see
Section E4). List the terms in alphabetical order.
Example follows:
3.1 Definition r!f" Terms 5jJeci/ic to This Stundord:
3.1.1 batch so111pling, //-sampling Ol"cr some time period
in such a way as to produce a single test s;1111plc for analysis.

A 7.2.4
In a standard with numerous equations containing identical quantity symbols, symbols may be listed alphabetically and
unnumbered in this section instead of under each
equation; also italicize the symbol and do not
capitalize the definition. (Sec also Section
Example follows:
3.1 S\'//1bols:
A cross-sectional area of specimen
B normal induction

A7.2.5

Referencing

TcnninologY

A 10.1 If the successful application of the
test method
the inclusion of explanatory
include such
statements on interference
information here:
omit this section.
that are
List
the constituents or
iikely to cause interference and the amounts that
are known to interfere. In some cases this inforobservation
mation is obtainable only
the performance of the test. If the presence of an
or bias of
factor affects the

S'ton-

to the stan-

cite
follows:
3. i lJc:finitions:
3.1.1 For dclinitions of lcrrns usc·d in ihi, tco-t 111cthod. rcfl'.r
to Terminology D 1129.

calculations
in this section and noted in the approsection. In some cases, interferences may
be a major factor in judging test results and
explanations of their effects may become lengthy.
explanations may be placed in an annex
to the standard.

in the
voice its
tial features without the details that are a necesof the complete statement of procedure.
sary
If desired, a brief statement of the principle of the
test method may be given: this is particularly
desirable in the case of chemical methods and
should appear as the first paragraph. In chemical
methods state the type of procedure, such as
colorimetric, electrometric, and volumetric, and
describe the source of color, major chemical
reaction including pertinent chemical equations,
etc.

All .1
In this section, include a brief
description of the essential features of the apparatus and equipment required for the test, and,
where they clarify or supplement the text schematic drawings or photographs. Cover in separate
A-5

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

text divisions the important features and requirements for the apparatus. Do not list common
laboratory apparatus, such as flasks and beakers,
but include any especially modified forms or
unusual sizes of common apparatus that are
required or that may require special preparation.
A 11.2 Trademarks shall not be used unless a
specific manufacturer's product is required for a
well-defined reason (see Section F3 for regulations regarding patents in ASTM standards). In
such cases an explanatory footnote shall be
included g1vmg supplementary information
regarding such apparatus or material. The footnote shall state that this apparatus or material
"has been found satisfactory for this purpose."
When special types of glassware are required,
such as heat-resistant and chemical-resistant,
state the significant characteristic desired rather
than a trademark. For example, use "borosilicate
glass" rather than "Pyrex" or "Kimax." Specify
filter paper by describing the significant characteristic such as porosity, rate of filtering, and ash
content, or by reference to ASTM Specification
E832, for Laboratory Filter Papers

made to them in the other standard, mentioning
under "Apparatus" only such modifications as
may apply in each particular case.
Al 1.5 When the same apparatus is used in
several standards, the detailed specifications
should be covered by a separate ASTM standard.
Examples of such standards are:
El Specification for ASTM Thermometers
E133 Specification for Distillation Equipment

Al 1.6 It is the responsibility of the sponsoring committee to assure itself that suitable apparatus is available (see Section F4).
Al 1.6.1 If the apparatus is special or not
readily available, detailed rules for referencing
sources of supply shall be followed (see Section
F4).
Al 1.6.2 If the apparatus has to be built,
blueprints, plans, etc., should be cited in a footnote in this section as available through ASTM
International Headquarters as adjunct material to
the standard.

NOTE Al-Policies have been adopted by the Board of
Directors that are applicable to standards involving patented
apparatus, materials, and processes. These policies are
described in the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical
Committees. Before submitting to subcommittee or main
committee ballot any draft test method that requires a specific
manufacturer's product, consult the Staff Manager of your
committee as to necessary conformance with the Regulations
Governing ASTM Technical Committees.

A12. Reagents and Materials
A12.1 When more than one procedure is
included in one standard, list the reagents and
materials required for each procedure as a separate section under each subdivision.
A12.2 It is recommended that, where applicable, the following be included as secondary
sections ".l" and ".2" of this section:

All.3 Detailed manufacturing requirements
for apparatus, unless quite brief, should preferably be placed in an annex to the test method (see
A24.3), retaining in the text only a brief outline
with schematic drawings or illustrations where
necessary. The purpose of this outline is to
provide information regarding the essential features of the apparatus, to enable the user to
assemble the equipment and understand its use in
the test method.
A11.4 When essentially the same apparatus
is used for more than one standard and the
description of the apparatus requirements is
lengthy, it is recommended that the complete
specifications for the apparatus be included in an
annex to one standard and merely a reference be

6.1 Purity of Reagents-Reagent grade chemicals shall be
used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents conform to the specifications of the Committee
on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society
where such specifications are available. 1 Other grades may be
used, provided it is first asce1tained that the reagent is of sufficiently high purity to permit its use without lessening the
accuracy of the determination.
6.2 Purity of Water-Unless otherwise indicated, references
to water shall be understood to mean reagent water as defined
by Type
of Specification DI 193.
NOTE A2-The identifying number (for example 6.1 and
6.2 as above) used in recommended texts are for illustrative
purposes.

A-6

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

1
Rrngenr Chemicals, A111ericu11 C/1e111irnl Sociery Specifirn1iu11s. American Chemical Society. Washington. DC For

footnote such as 'This reagent is used for standardization purposes only."
A 12.5 Specify the reagent concentration rn
applicable terms, as follows:

suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by the American Chemical Society. see A11alar Sw11dards /(>r Labormon
Chemicals. BDH Ltd .. Poole. Dorset, U.K .. and the U11i1ed
Swres Pharnwcopeia and Narional Forn111lan-. U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.

Concentrated acids and bases ... density, unless mass percent is more generally used or required
Dilute acids and bases ... volume ratio, X + Y (X volumes
of reagent added to Y volumes of water)
Nonstandardized solutions ... grams of reagent as weighed
out per litre of solulion
Standardized solutions ... normality, expressed decimally;
or the equivalent of l mL of solution in terms of grams of a
given element expressed as ''I rnL + xxx g of ... "

A 12.2. I If a different grade of water is
required, acid a second sentence as follows:
"Water conforming to the following specifications is required'' (list the specific properties.
kinds of ion freedom, etc.)
A 12.2.2 In standards
l wo or more
chemical methods these statements on purity
should be made in a separate section entitled
"Purity of Reagents."

A 12.6 Wherever possible, use the same
concentrations of reagents and methods of standardization as used in other similar ASTM test
methods,
A 12,7 Examples of reagent descriptions are
as follows:
A 12.7.1
Ammonium
Carbonate

A 12.3 List the reagents alphabetically in
separate divisions. Give the name of the reagent
first, followed by any descriptive terms (see
Al 2.7). State the desired concentration if significant; then follow with instructions for preparation
and standardization (if required), using the
imperative mood and concise descriptions.
out the full name of the reagent, and immediately
after the first mention of the name include within
the exact chemical formula of the
any water of
etc,
this may be made in the case of
organic, organometallic, or complex inorganic
compounds by omitting the chemical formula.
references to
shall be
formula only where
this means. as in the case of most inorganic
As
out the
of substances in
use
not

A 12.7 .2 Sodium Chloride Solution (I 00
g/L)-Dissolve I 00 g of sodium chloride
in water and dilute to l
A 12, 7,3 Potassium Hydroxide, Methanol
Solution
33 g of
hydroxide

with methanol.
12.7.4 Barium Chloride Solurio11 (100 g
J 17,3 g of barium chloride
in waler and dilute to I

hazards caveat and
which shall
used. Other
statements on safety are subject to the following

state the chemical formula as given by the manufacturer.

Al 3.1.1
Stotement--statement identifies a specific hazard and provides information for
or
a
particular hazard. When there are hazards to
personnel, such as explosion. fire toxicity, or
radiation, or technical hazards, such as damage to
equipment. a warning statement shall be placed at
the appropriate point in the text beginning with
"Warning" in boldface type followed by a

A 12.4 Do not use trademarks unless a specific manufacturer's product is required for a
well-defined reason.
Section
In this
case, use a superior reference number to refer to a
footnote giving the required information, incorporating the phrase ''has been found satisfactory
for this purpose.'' Where particular reagents are
required only for standardization or calibration,
identify them by reference to an appropriate
A-7

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

description of the hazard, or a reference to a
description of the hazard within the body of the
standard (refer to Al3.1.2).
Al3.1.2 Remedial Statements- A remedial
statement provides recommendations for treating
a situation resulting from an unsuccessfully controlled hazard associated with the use of a standard. Such remedial statements shall not be
included in standards, but reference may be made
in a note to authoritative sources where reliable
information about remedial measures can be
obtained such as the appropriate Material Safety
Data Sheet (MSDS) where applicable.

A14.5 Where an existing sampling method
(other than ASTM) is cited in a test method,
guidelines should be given as to the use of the
sampling scheme and precautions if needed. If
explanatory documents regarding sampling are
available, these should be cited in this section.
Al4.6 A test unit is a unit or portion of a
material that is sufficient to obtain a test result(s)
for the property or properties to be measured. A
test specimen is a test unit or portion of a test unit
upon which a single or multiple observation is to
be made. A test result refers to the value obtained
for a given property from one test unit. A test unit
may be a subunit of a primary (first stage)
sampling unit or it may be a subunit of a
composite of primary sampling units or of increments from these primary sampling units. A test
result may be a single observation or a combination of a number of observations when two or
more test specimens are measured for each test
unit. (For additional information see Section
G23.)
A14.7 The size of the test unit for chemical
analysis usually is given in the "Procedure"
section, but if significant in connection with
pretreatment or preparation, it should be included
here. When a test specimen is specified by mass,
indicate the degree of precision desired.
A14.8 Include detailed requirements as to
the size and number of test specimens to be used
for both physical and chemical tests. Where a test
specimen or test unit of a particular shape is
required, the essential dimensions shall be specified, including tolerance. A drawing showing the
details of the specimen or test unit may be
included.

A14. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test
Units
Al4.1 Under this heading give necessary
special directions, in the imperative mood, for
physically obtaining sample test units. If a test
result is defined as a combination of the observations made on different test specimens, particularly describe how these specimens are to be
selected. Give necessary special directions for
storage of specimens, for preservation of specimens, and for special preparation of specimens
for the test.
Al4.2 Statistical aspects of sampling for a
specific purpose, for example, in determining
conformance of the mean properties of a lot to
specifications, should be referenced or discussed
in an appendix. These statistical aspects might
include stratification, selection of primary and
secondary sampling units, the number of such
units to be selected, in the case of bulk material
the number of increments combined to form a
composite sample, the number of composites to
be formed, the method of subsampling a composite, and the number of tests made on a subsample.
Al4.3 If the method of sampling is
described in an existing ASTM test method or
ASTM specification, refer to that test method or
specification by designation.
Al4.4 If the method of sampling is detailed
in a readily available publication other than an
existing ASTM standard, refer to the publication
in a footnote, arranging the information in accordance with the suggestions presented in the Standards Style Manual, Part G, of this publication.

A15. Preparation of Apparatus
A15.1 Use this section only when detailed
instructions are required for the initial assembly,
conditioning, or preparation of the apparatus (see
also A24.3.6).
A16. Calibration and Standardization
A16.l Apparatus- Give detailed instructions, in the imperative mood, for calibration and
adjustment of the apparatus necessary for the use
of the test method.
A-8

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

A 16.2 Reference Standards and BlanksGive detailed instructions for the standardization
and use of reference standards and blanks used in
the test method. Describe any standard samples
used to assure uniformity of the test technique,
and standard specimens or photographic standards.
A I 6.3
Calibration Curves and TablesGive detailed instructions for the preparation and
use of calibration curves or tables, in accordance
with the suggestions presented in the Standards
Manual, Part
of this publication. Include
in the instructions for curve or table preparation
items such as calibration, solutions, reference
standards, blanks, color development, photometry, and construction.

Al8.2 In chemical methods, specify the size
of test specimen and indicate the degree of
precision desired in the weighing. Consider the
specimen size and its accuracy of weighing in
connection with the ultimate use of the method. If
the formula for a reagent has been given previously in accordance with the instructions given in
A 12.3, refer to the reagent by chemical formula
only or name, whichever is less confusing. Otherwise, spell out the name of the reagent. The
procedure shall provide for any operations necessary to obtain any correction data that may be
needed.

A19. Calculation or
Results

of

Al9.l Co/c11latio11- State the directions in
the imperative mood for calculating the results of
test including any equations and any required
significant figures (see also Section G 16 and
ASTM Practice E29 for Using Significant Digits
in Test Data to Determine Conformance with
Specifications.) Spell out names in the text but
use letter
in the
to
individual values. Use numerical values for any
constants. Describe the letter
immediunder the equation (unless a section on
is included: see
Avoid the use of
combined factors in chemical methods. Indicate
the reference
on which the calculations are
such as on the
as received and
basis. and the units in which the results are
necessary for
Jation should be included in an
is:
9.1.I An

A17.
A 17 .1 Specify, in the imperative mood, the
conditioning atmosphere to be used and the time
of exposure to the atmosphere. as well as the
atmosphere required during the test, where necessary. State whether the conditioning requirements
apply to laboratory samples as well as individual
Indicate any
for preconditioning. Where applicable, refer to ASTM TerJ. Terms
and to ASTM Practice
Flexible Barrier

detailed
tense:
for
... " rather
than "The test
shall be heated .. ."' State
the number of samples to be taken, and also state
the number of specimens to be tested from each
Describe in detail the successive
of
the procedure, grouping related operations into
logical divisions.
may be used if
they will help the organization of the material.
Make the text of the procedure concise. to the
point, and easily understandable. When alternative procedures are given. state their relative
status; that is, which is the preferred or referee
procedure.

111i1HlllL

c

where:

A =grams of' aluminum oxyquinolate found in the aliquot
used.
B grains of aluminum oxyquinolatc found in the blank.
and
C =grams of sample represented in the aliquot used.

Al 9.2 lnterpretution of' Results- Use this
heading in place of "Calculation" when the
results of the test are expressed in descriptive
form. relative terms, or abstract values. List and
A-9

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

define the descriptive terms or classifications
used. The results of a test may be interpreted or
expressed in terms of a rating scale. There is
fairly wide agreement on five-step scales for
many values or rankings of merit, with 5-good,
3-middle, 1-bad. In general, a higher score for
more of a desirable property is the more satisfactory arrangement. This eliminates confusion arising from No. 1 in rank for the most of a quantity,
without regard to the relative desirability.
A19.2.1 Examples of test methods that
include rating systems are:

allows potential users of the test method to assess
in general terms its usefulness in proposed applications. A statement on precision is not intended
to contain values that can be duplicated in every
user's laboratory. Instead the statement provides
guidelines as to the kind of variability that can be
expected between test results when the test
method is used in one or more reasonably competent laboratories.
A21.2.2 Precision shall be estimated in
accordance with the interlaboratory test program
prescribed in Practice E691, Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a
Test Method, or by an interlaboratory test program that yields equivalent information, for
example, a standard practice developed by an
ASTM technical committee. The data and details
of the interlaboratory study to determine precision shall be filed as a research report at ASTM
International Headquarters. The precision statement shall include reference to the research report
in a Note.
A21.2.3 Every test method shall contain: (1)
a statement regarding the precision of test results
obtained in the same laboratory under specifically
defined conditions of within-laboratory variability (repeatability conditions); and (2) a statement
regarding the precision of test results obtained in
different laboratories (reproducibility conditions).
A21.2.4
The repeatability conditions
defined in Terminology E456 shall be used;
namely, within-laboratory conditions under
which test results are obtained with the same test
method in the same laboratory by the same
operator with the same equipment in the shortest
practicable period of time using test specimens
taken at random from a single quantity of homogenous material. If some other within-laboratory
variability is also determined (such as for longer
times or different operators within a laboratory),
the particular conditions shall be reported in
detail, and the precision designated "intermediate
precision" (see Terminology E456). If the committee formerly called this repeatability, add
"(formerly called repeatability)."
A2 l .2.5 The statement regarding betweenlaboratory variability shall pertain to test results
obtained with the same method on random test

D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper CmTOsion from
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
D35 l l/D351IM Test Method for PiIJing Resistance and
Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Bmsh Pilling Tester Method

A20. Report
A20. l State in this section the detailed
information required in reporting the results of
the test. When two or more procedures are
described in a test method, the report shall
indicate which procedure was used. When the test
method permits variation in operating or other
conditions, incorporate in the report a statement
as to the particular conditions used in the test. As
an aid in the calculation and uniform recording of
test results a standard report form or work sheet
may be used, and if desirable a facsimile of the
form may be included in the test method. Introduce the section as follows: "Report the following information:"
A21. Precision and Bias (Mandatory)
A21.1 Definitions and Additional Information:
A2 l. l. l For precise definitions of statistical
terms, refer to ASTM Terminology E456, Relating to Quality and Statistics.
A21.1.2 For more information on calculation methods relating to the use of statistical
procedures, refer to ASTM Practices El 77 and
E691.
A2l.2 Statement of Precision (Mandatory):
A21.2.1 Precision is the closeness of agreement between test results obtained under prescribed conditions. A statement on precision
A-10

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

A2 l .4.2 [f precision or bias, or both, varies
with the test level, the variation shall be described
in the statement.

units from the same lot of homogeneous material
in different laboratories with different operators
using different equipment (reproducibility conditions).
A2 I .2.6
The precision statement shall
include the repeatability standard deviation and
reproducibility standard deviation; and shall
include the 95 % repeatability limit and the 95 %
reproducibility limit for the largest expected differences between two test results. The latter are
numerically equal to 2.8 times the respective
standard deviation for data that are known to be
normally distributed, and approximately so for
most other data encountered in ASTM committee
work. Use a statement such as the following:

A2 l .4.3 When revising or reapproving a test
method, ensure that the information reported in
the Precision and Bias section and the supporting
data are still valid. If there has been a change to
the test method that could affect precision, a new
interlaboratory study should be conducted.
A2 l .5

Exceptions:

A2 l.5. l
If the responsible committee
decides that an interlaboratory study for a new
test method should be delayed, a temporary
statement shall be included which addresses only
repeatability based on the results from a single
operator. A repeatability limit is not included.
This temporary precision statement is permitted
for five years, use a statement such as the
following:

Prl'cision 1-The repeatability standard deviation has been
determined to be (insert repeatability value) and the 95 ':ir
repeatability limit is (insert value). The reproducibility stan·
dard deviation has been determined to be (insert reproducibility value) and the 95 % reproducibility limit (insert value).
1
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International
Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research
Report RR: (insert report number). Contact i\STM Customer
Service at scn·iccC0astrn.org.

l'recision 1-Thc repeatability .standard de\ iation from a
single operator has been determined to be (insert repeatability
value or values for different m·erage properly values).
1
An interlaboratory study of this test method is being con·
ducted and a
pr·ccision statement is expected to be
(insert year).
available on or

A2 l .3 Stllte111e11t 011 Bias (Mandaton'):
A2 .3.1
Bias is a
error that
contributes to the difference between the mean of'
a
number of test results and an
reference value. A discussion on bias may be
found in statistical
such as Practices
177 and C670.
A2 l.3.2 The bias statement shall describe
the bias and methods
to
corrected test results. the bias is not known but the
direction or bounds on the
can be
these shall be
in the bias
statement.

A2i.5.2

If it is not feasible to determine the

years of the first
statement such as the

use a

l'recisio11 1-Thc repeatability standard dcYiation from a
single operator has been determined lo be (insert the a\'cragc
test \'alucs and corresponding repeatability values).
'The reproducibility of this test method is nut provided at this
time because (insert here the reason or reasons). The reproducibility of this test method is being determined and is
expected to he available on or before (insert year).

A2 I .4 General Considerntions:
A2 l .4. l The precision and bias section of
the test method shall include a brief descriptive
summary of the
that will
permit the user of the test method to judge the
reliability of the data. This summary should
include number of laboratories, number of property levels tested, range of the measured average
property levels, and number of replicate tests.
The summary may be included in a Note.

A2 l .5.3 When a test method
that
in another ASTM test method is to
the
be used without modification, no statements of
precision and bias are necessary if those in the
other test method are applicable. When a test
method specifies that the procedure in another
ASTM test method is to be used with only
insignificant modif\cation(s), use a statement
A-I I

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

A22. Measurement Uncertainty

such as the following to assure the reader that
precision and bias are not affected by the modification(s):

A22.1 Measurement uncertainty is an estimate of the magnitude of systematic and random
measurement errors that may be reported along
with the measurement result. An uncertainty
statement relates to a particular result obtained in
a laboratory carrying out the test method, as
opposed to precision and bias statements which
are mandatory parts of the method itself and
normally derived from an interlaboratory study
conducted during development of the test
method.
A22.2 It is neither appropriate for, nor the
responsibility of, the test method to provide
explicit values that a user would quote as their
estimate of uncertainty. Uncertainty values must
be based on data generated by a laboratory
reporting results using the test method.

Precision and Bias-The precision and bias of this test
method for measuring (insert here the name of the property)
are essentially as specified in Test Method (inse1t here the
designation of the other test method).

When a test method specifies that the procedure
in another ASTM test method is to be used with
significant revisions, provide statements on precision and bias as directed in A21.2 and A21.3.
A21.5.4 When a test method specifies that a
test result is a nonnumerical report of success or
failure or other categorization or classification
based on criteria specified in the procedure, use a
statement on precision and bias such as the
following:

A22.3 In this section include guidance for
developing estimates of uncertainty to be
reported with test results. Suggestions should be
considered for studies to perform, listings of the
potential major contributing factors to uncertainty, descriptions of how the variation due to
each factor might be evaluated, and examples of
how they might be combined. Information of this
type is particularly useful to users of the test
method seeking laboratory accreditation. Information on measurement uncertainty may be
placed in an appendix if it is for information only.

Precision and Bias-No information is presented about
either the precision or bias of Test Method XOOOO for measuring (insert here the name of the property) since the test result
is nonquantitativc.

A21.5.5 If it is not possible to provide a
statement on precision (repeatability or reproducibility) as directed in A21.2, use a statement such
as the following:
Precision-It is not possible to specify the precision of the
procedure in Test Method XOOOO for measuring (insert here
the name of the property) because (insert here the reason or
reasons).

A22.4 For additional guidance refer to
Guide E1488.

Citing impracticability is not warranted if the
reason is that an interlaboratory study has
revealed that the precision is poor or that the
standard was written before precision statements
were required.
A21.5.6 If bias cannot be detennined, a
statement to this effect shall be included, such as
the following:

A23. Keywords (Mandatory)
A23.1 In this section, identify the words,
terms, or phrases, that best represent the technical
information presented in the standard. Select the
keywords from the title and body of the document
and include general, vernacular, and trade terms.
These keywords will be used in the preparation of
the ASTM Subject Index.

Bias-No information can be presented on the bias of the
procedure in Test Method XOOOO for measuring (insert here
the name of the property) because (insert here the reason;
such as "no material having an accepted reference value is
available").

A23.2 Select three or more keywords that
describe the names of tests, procedures, special
materials, or the specific application(s) that will
facilitate the identification and retrieval of the
standard.
A-12

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

A25. References

A23.3 All selected keywords shall be standalone terms; the type of standard, incomplete
phrases, unattached adjectives, etc., shall not be
used.

A25. l Include only references to publications supporting or providing needed supplementary information. Historical and acknowledgment
references are not desirable. If there are five or
more references, list them in an unnumbered
section at the end of the standard in the order in
which they appear in the text. If there are fewer
than five literature references, use footnotes (see
Section G2 J ).

A24. l
Additional information may be
included in one or more annexes and appendixes
to the test method.

A26.

A24.2 The words
Information"
shall be included directly under the title of
annexes and the words "Nonmandatory Information" shall be included directly under the title of
appendixes.
A24.3 Annexes- Include in annexes any
detailed information such as that on apparatus or
materials that is a mandatory part of the test
method but too lengthy for inclusion in the main
text.
Annexes shall
precede appendixes.
of such information are as follows:
A24.3. I Glossary of terms used in the
method,
A24.3.2 List of
A24.3.3 Detailed description of
A24.3.4
Instructions for
standardizing apparatus,
A24.3.5 Directions for

A26. l General- Footnotes referenced in
the text are intended only for reference and shall
never include any information or instructions
necessary for the proper application of the
method. Table footnotes are a part of the table.
Use consecutive superior numerals for reference
to footnotes except in connection with tables, in
which case use italic capital letters.
A26.2
Committee Jurisdiction and HisI01y- Footnote l shall include in the first paragraph the committee having jurisdiction and,
where the committee so requests, the subcommittee. The second paragraph shall include history
i nforrnation as fol lows: ( l)
date of latest
month and year of
( 3)
designation and year of original
nation and year of previous
and
mation as to any other standards that may have
been
by the
year of
tion. etc.
A26.3 Literature
Use footnotes for references if there are fewer than five.
For five or more see Section
the
limitations noted therein. Also see Section G2 I.
A26.4 Sources
Where apparatus may be special or not readily available from
more than one source, the source may be referenced.
sec Section F4 for detailed

and

ASTM standard is infonnativc
of the standard. Information on
has been included
A24.4. I Notes on significance and interpretation of the test
usually to
the
statement in the text,
A24.4.2
of
used in
the calculations.
A24.4.3 Charts or supplementary information for computations,
A24.4.4 Suggested data forms for recording
test results, and
A24.4.5 Commentary on rationale used in
the development of the test method.

A26.5
footnote the
Section

Reference

in

a

A27. Notes
A27. I Notes m the text shall not include
mandatory req uirernents. Notes arc intended to
A-13

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

set explanatory material apart from the text itself,
either for emphasis or for offering informative
suggestions, which are not properly part of the
standard. Clarification of the description of
required apparatus or procedure and modifications required or permitted in certain cases belong
in the text itself. If inclusion of the contents
yields a different result, then that information is
considered mandatory for the performance of the
standard and shall be located in the text. Notes
may be preferable for detailed description of
auxiliary procedures (for example, correction of
barometric pressure in a test method not primarily
concerned with pressure). Table notes are a part
of the table and are mandatory provisions.

and not numbered, is generally placed at the end
of the standard. Refer questions regarding the
applicability of this section to the Staff Manager
of your committee.
A27.5 General Statement of ASTM PolicyThis note, quoted in F2.3 and not numbered, is
generally placed at the end of the standards after
the note on Patent Disclaimer of Liability.

A28. Adjuncts
A28.1 Occasionally, it is not practicable to
publish as an integral part of the standard,
because of its nature, material that may be
required for use of the standard. Such material is
published as an adjunct.
A28.2 Include a description of the adjunct in
the text of the standard. If appropriate, include a
figure (illustration) of the adjunct.
A28.3 When adjunct material is indicated, it
shall be made available at the time of publication
of the standard.
A28.4 Include all referenced adjuncts in the
Referenced Documents section (see Section A6).
A28.5 Examples of adjuncts are as follows:
A28.5.1 Comparison standards such as the
copper strip corrosion standards for Test Method
Dl30 (lithograph aluminum strips),
A28.5.2 Charts such as the viscositytemperature charts for liquid petroleum for 034 I,
A28.5.3 Reference radiographs such as
E155 or reference photographs, such as El25,
A28.5.4 Technical data such as the twelve
volumes of 01250, Petroleum Measurement
Tables, and
A28.5.5 Drawings such as detailed drawings
for the construction of the smoke chamber in Test
Method 02843.

A27.2 Notes appearing in a given standard
shall be numbered in sequence separately in the
main text, separately in sequence in the annex,
and separately in sequence in the appendix and
should appear at the end of the paragraph to
which they pertain. If it is desired to refer to a text
note in connection with a specific word or phrase
in the text, that word or phrase should be followed by a reference to the note, "(NOTE l),"
etc.
A27.3 Notes in the text are preferred for the
following:
A27.3.1 To refer to editorial changes made
in the text,
A27.3.2 To refer to similar or companion
ASTM standards,
A27.3.3 Limitations of the application of the
test when not covered in the text.
A27.3.4 Description, if included under
"Scope," of experimental means for recognizing
cases where the method is not applicable to the
material under test.
A27.3.5 Description of additional (not alternative) apparatus, materials, procedures, or calculations that are not actually required; or description of merely recommended forms of
construction of required apparatus.
A27.3.6 Explanation, if desired, of the reasons for a certain requirement or direction. If
brief, include in the text rather than as a note.
A27.4 Patent Disclaimer of Liability- See
Section 15 of the Regulations Governing ASTM
Technical Committees. This note, quoted in F3 .2

A29. Research Reports (Mandatory for
Precision and Bias Statements Producing
Numerical Results)
A29.1 Where numerical data have been
generated to establish the precision and bias of a
test method, a research report is required. The
research report shall include a list of participating
laboratories, description of samples, a copy of the
laboratory instructions, the equipment/apparatus
A-14

FORM OF ASTM TEST METHODS

used, the data, a statistical summary and a copy of
the Precision and Bias Statement, where applicable. A guide for the research report is available
at www.astm.org or from ASTM International
Headquarters. The research report shall be placed
on file at ASTM. A number is assigned by ASTM
and a copy may be obtained upon request. A
footnote shall be placed in the standard stating
that a copy of the research report may be obtained
from
giving the ''RR" designation munber.

section at the end of the standard and begin with
the following introductory paragraph:
Committee XXX has identified the location of selected
changes to this standard since the last issue (insert designation and year date ) that may impact the use of this standard.

A3 l .2 An asterisk will appear after the
Scope (Scope*) with the following wording at the
bottom of the first page:

A30.
A30. I The inclusion of a rationale (commentary) section in ASTM standards is encouraged to ensure that brief and concise documentation is available to the user of the standard and to
provide traceability and clarification or past
actions. This documentation may include: ( J) a
brief history of the development of a new standard or revision to an existing standard including
when and
the effort was
reasons
and justification for requirements, (3) documentation or factors
and ( .+)
of
technical sources and literature.
A30.2
this information shall
appear tn an
of the standard.
A30.3
of standards that include
section on rationale:

A3 l .3 Next list, by section or subsection,
changes made since the last issue that may impact
the use of the standard. For standards that have
undergone multiple revisions in a short period of
time, keep the Summary of Changes in the
standard for 18 months. This will ensure that all
from one
of the Annual Book
of ASTM Standards to the next are recorded.
Brief descriptions of the changes and reasons for
the
may be included. If desired. a more

A3i.4 An

E84 Test Method i'or Surface Burning Characteristics or

(I)

Building l'v1atcrials
F746 Test Method for Pitting or CrcYicc Corrosion or
'.\ktallic Surgical implant Materials

of the J ist of

is:

Deleted Section
quent sections.

and renumbered subse-

statement in Section I 0 to
reflect the results of a recent

If the committee chooses to
u
of
this unnumbered

( 4)

A-15

Revised hardness
in Table 2.
Revised Section 14 on Product

PARTB
FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS
INTRODUCTION
The broad scope of ASTM International, which covers materials, products, systems, and services,
and the need to provide for a variety of approaches to the writing of ASTM specifications, prevent the
development of a single document or a series of documents that list all subjects to be covered in all
ASTM specifications. This document, however, is intended to provide considerable guidance to the
committees in their specification-writing activities.
Special instructions with respect to the legal aspects shall be followed in writing any standard. These
include such matters as contractual items, caveat statements, patents, and fire standards. Assistance on
development of fire standards is available from Committee E05. See Part F for details.
When a standard is being developed, the costs associated with its development and subsequent use
generally should be considered. The prime objective should be the optimum use of resources to achieve
satisfactory definition of the product or service. However, it should be noted that when the standard
relates to the safety of persons, cost considerations are likely to become much less important than when
attributes of materials or products are involved. Some standards, such as definitions, impose no cost on
the user; others that include numerous and extensive requirements can entail significant expense to users
of the standard. The requirements to be included should, therefore, be those that are technically relevant
and yield benefits commensurate with the cost of their determination.
Cost effective statements or rationale may be included within a standard if appropriate, usually in an
appendix.
Standards or sections of standards relating to the safe use or performance of consumer products (see
NOTE B 1) may be sent to Committee F15 on Consumer Products for review and comment at some
appropriate stage prior to letter ballot of the originating main committee. This review is offered by
Committee Fl5 to provide for the maximum of consumer input. Draft standards submitted to Committee
FIS will receive rapid and constructive critique.
NOTE Bl-Consumer products are those designed primarily for use by the consumer in and around the home, school, or recreational areas.

Bl. Functions

B 1.1.2 Standardization- Standardization is
an inevitable byproduct of most specifications. In
some cases it may be the primary function.
Standardization involves a deliberate and possibly arbitrary choice of a limited number from the
multiplicity of qualities, sizes, compositions, etc.,
that may be available.
B 1.1.3 Providing Technical Data- All
specifications contain technical information, but
in some cases the designer requires more information than that provided for purchase or standardization. Committees may add information of
this type to specifications either as requirements
or as appendixes.
B 1.2 Open-End Agreements- There shall
be no statements in specifications that allow

B 1.1 Specifications (see definition on p. vii)
may have three functions and, although many
specifications serve all three, it is well that those
drafting specifications keep these functions in
mind so that the primary purposes are not confused.
B 1.1.1 Purchasing- Specifications facilitate dealings between the purchaser and the
supplier. Sufficient requirements should be
included to ensure that all batches, lots, or deliveries from any seller that conform to the specification will be satisfactory to the purchaser.
Unnecessary requirements are likely to increase
costs and should be avoided.
B-1

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

Supplementary Rcquircmcnls
Quality Assurance
Annexes and Appendixes
References
Summary of Cha11ges

agreement between purchaser and supplier that
do not meet the minimum requirements of the
specification by such means as omitting tests that
are a part of the specification. substituting or
modifying a test method, or by changing the
specification limits to be less restrictive.

·:· Test methods included shall contain the mandatory headings
shown in Section A 1. except for title and designation.

B2.2 Subject headings in boldface type shall
precede each section to orient the reader. Substitute text divisions and number in accordance with
the Use of the Modified Decimal Numbering
System guide in Part D of this publication.

B2.
B2. l The following is the sequence for the
text of ASTM specifications. Headings are those
most generally used. but may not be all-inclusive.
It may be necessary to include other headings for
subjects. The
identified as
"mandatory" are required. Other headings shall
be included \Vhen the subject matter is pertinent
to the document under development in which
case, all instructions and gu idancc for that particular section shall be followed. For example, if
the standard docs not contain reference to any
standard documents within the text. it is not
to include a section on Referenced
Documents. If, however, specific hazards are
eitcd throughout the text, then the section on
Hazards shall be followed. Not all of these
for a
surnwhich are included to
cover
should appear in the
most
and s·cqucnce
on their relation to the sections below.

U3. Title
83.1 The title should be as concise as
possible, but complete enough to identify the
material, product, system, or service covered by
the specification. Titles are used in lists. table of
contents. and indexes, and it is most important
that they be brief but inclusive. Use the singular
form: "specification."

134.1 Designation (manclatory)-The ASTM
designation, assigned by Headquarters on submittal for approval, consists of the following sequential

134. I. I A letter designation denoting in general the classification
to
uct.

A ···Ferrous metals and products
B··-Nonfcrrous metals and products
C~·Cernentitious. ceramic. concrete. and masonry matcri-

Titk \JlW!lcbtor,y)
Dc.-;igna1ion fmandalory)

als

Scope (mandaloryl
Rcrcrcnccd Docu1nc11ts
TCrmirnilog)
Classiilcation
Ordering lnf{ff1nati1_m
~hncrials and .\'lanufacturc
C'h('mica\ Composition
Physical Propcnics

!).

or Tests and

-:vlisccllancuus materials and products

E-·· Miscellaneous subjects
F ··End-use materials and products
G--Corrnsion. deterioration. weathering. durability. and
degradation or materials and products

B4. l .2
letter

Mechanical Properties
Pcrf(>nnancc Rcquircmc11ts
Other Requirements
Dimensions. iVlass. and Permissible Variations
\Vorkmanship. Finish, and Appearance
Sampling
Nurnhcr

or service:

A sequential number following the

150).
B4.2

Year Dote: (for

cl 50-0l ):

Retests

84.2. l After the designation, a hyphen is
followed
the last two numbers of the year of
acceptance or of last revision. If the standard is
revised again during the same year, this is indicated by adding an "a" for the second revision.
"b" for the third revision. etc.

Specimen Prcpnration
Test Methods
Inspection

Rejection and Rehearing
Ccrtilication
Product 1'vlarking
P<1ckaging and Package l'vlarking
Keywords (mandatory)

B-2

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

B4.2.2 The parenthetical phrase ("Reapproved 20_") to designate the year of last
reapproval of a standard, if applicable.
B4.2.3 For editorial changes that do not
change the year designation, a note is inserted
before the text to indicate the location and date of
the change and a superscript epsilon (8) is added
after the year designation. the epsilon designations and corresponding notes are numbered
chronologically and are deleted upon occasion of
the next revision or reapproval.
B4.3 Designation numbers of standards that
have been discontinued are not reassigned.
B4.4 SI Standards (see Part H and Section
G24).

tion, test method, practice, classification, guide,
terminology, etc.) and the designation letter and
number (for example, Test Method D1310).
B6.3 Do not include the year date when
designating referenced documents unless there is
a technical reason for requiring a particular revision.
B6.4 When listing referenced adjuncts, provide a brief description in this section, and a
footnote of the availability. (For more specific
information on adjuncts, refer to Section B29).

B7. Terminology
B7.l See Section A7.
BS. Classification
BS. I When more than one material, product,
or system is specified, they may be separated first
by types, which are distinguished by Roman
numerals. This first subdivision shall be based
upon some major property, composition, or application of the item. Designate further subdivision
by grades according to some pertinent property
or properties and identify by Arabic numbers. If
necessary, make additional division into classes,
identified by capital letters.
B8.2 The precedence of type, grade, and
class, as well as the method of designation, is the
ASTM prefen-ed style, and it shall be used in the
absence of any established preference.
B8.3 When a type, grade, or class has been
deleted, do not use this designation again, to
avoid confusion with earlier specifications. If
new designations are used, they shall be of
different format and preferably followed (for a
limited time) by the previous designation in
parentheses.

BS. Scope (Mandatory)
B5.1 Include in this section information
relating to the purpose of the specification. Concisely state the materials, products, systems, or
services to which the specification applies and
any known limitations. Include, where applicable, the intended use of the specification. Do
not include references to trademarks.
B5.2 Include in this section the system of
units to be used in referee decisions.
B5.3 Include in this section any caveats
required by ASTM policy such as safety hazards
(see F2.1) and fire hazards (see F2.2) if one or
more test methods are detailed other than by
reference.
B5.4 For standards developed for reference
in model (building) codes, include the following
statement:
The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

B9. Ordering Information (See also Section
B6. Referenced Documents
B6.1 List in alphanumeric sequence the
designation and complete title all documents
referenced within the standard. Refer to Section
A6 for further information.
B6.2 Provide footnotes to this section to
indicate the sources of these documents. When
ASTM standards are referenced later in the text,
use only the type of standard (that is, specifica-

B25)

B9 .1 When the specification covers options
for purchase, such as various types, grades,
classes, alloys, sizes, and mass, the purchase
order or inquiry should state which particular
types, alloys, sizes are desired.
B9.2 A listing of each such optional feature,
together with a reference to the applicable section
of the specification, will be of assistance in the
B-3

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

wording of orders. After the a\Lcntion of the
purchaser is directed to all or the options in the
specification, his attention might be directed to
what would be furnished by the supplier if the
purchaser fails to specify one or more of the
options.
B9.3 It is recommended that this section be
included in all specifications as a checklist of
items to be included in a purchase order or
contract. If this list contains any ASTM designation (including referenced documents), it is desirable to specify "year date(s)" 10 avoid misunderstandings between contractual parties.
89.4 When citing a combined
indicate the system of units to be applied. For
example:

B 11.2 The sequence of items specified shall
be consistent within a related group of specifications.
B 11.3 The preferred introduction for this
section is: "The material shall conform to the
requirements prescribed in Table l."
B 11.4 limits on Nonspecified Elements- It
is suggested that the following statement be
added to tables of chemical requirements as
applicable to replace the requirements and statements presently being used regarding nonspecificd clements: ''By agreement between purchaser
and supplier, analysis may be required and limits
established for elements or compounds not specified in the table of chemical composition" (sec
also Section 824).

X.X This material/product shall conronn to the requirements stated in SI units of Specification A3(i/A36M.

B 12. I When necessary, detailed requirements should be given as to characteristics to
which the material, product, or system shall
conform. Frequently these arc presented in tabular form. It is most important that the following
information be clearly indicated: (1) name uf
each
or
(2) whether the
requirement is a maximum, minimum, or range,
whether an allowance for measurement error
is incorporated in these limits, (4) the units
applicable, (5) references to notes or footnotes
when necessary for further clari
and (6)
test
Present the

Materials
B 10.1 General requirements regarding the
materials and method of manufacture to be used
may be included when deemed helpful to the user
of the standard, such as the open-hearth, clectricfurnacc. or basic-oxygen bcsscrncr processes
for steel products. When the
or
fied is

mcnts of the materials or
to be used and
the process to be followed in
items such as the nature and character
of any alloys, fillers, saturants,
coatand

ments shall be
as lo chemical
and other chemical characteristics for the material, product, or
these are
in tabular form. It is most
that the following information be clearly indicated: ( l) name of each constituent specified,
whether the requirement is a maximum. minimum. or range, (3) whether an allowance for
measurement error is incorporated in these limits,
(4) the units applicable, (5) references to notes or
footnotes when necessary for further clarification.
and ( 6) appropriate analytical methodology.

elongation, and similar properties in this section.
B 12.4
Include
rnents in this section when necessary.
Include addiB 12.5 Other
tional requirements as needed.
Bl 2.6 In preparing a specification it is
essential to make sure that there is a test procedure for determining conformance for each
requirement. These shall be listed in the specification (sec Section B 18).
B-4

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

B 15.2 If a specification pertains to individual units of a lot and sampling inspection is
likely to be the normal procedure, it is desirable
for the specification to reference or include in a
supplementary section a sampling procedure for
determining acceptability of the lot (see Section
B25).

B 12.7 When it is not feasible to tabular the
requirements, separate text division may be used
to specify the various requirements. These shall
be given appropriate headings consistent with the
subject matter included.

B13. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible
Variations
B 13 .1 Details as to the standard shapes,
mass, and size ranges usually are presented best
in tabular form with brief reference in the text.
Separate sections may be necessary with individual tables. The tables shall clearly indicate
where the various size ranges are divided; for
example, ranges from 0 to 250 mm, 250 to 500
mm, 500 to 750 mm shall be more properly stated
as 250 mm and under, over 250 to 500 mm,
inclusive; over 500 to 750 mm, inclusive, etc.
B13.2 The permissible variations in dimensions, mass, etc., may be included in the same
tables with the nominal sizes. It shall be made
clear whether the tolerances specified are both
plus and minus or apply in only one direction.

NOTE B2-In a single sampling plan by attributes the
acceptability of a lot will be determined by the number of
units of product in the sample that do not conform to the
specifications. The acceptable quality level (AQL) and limiting quality level (LQL) of an acceptance sampling plan,
expressed as percentages of the units nonconforming, are
characteristics of the sampling plan and are not to be viewed
as product specifications.

B15.3 If a specification pertains to the mean
of a lot, in particular to the mean of a lot of bulk
material such as cement or pig iron, the procedure
for sampling the lot or the formation of sample
test units, or both, shall be described or referenced. The criterion for determining conformance
of the lot shall be specifically stated.
B 15.4 If a specification applies to a lot of
bulk material, state the number of increments
required to create a sample test unit and the
number of test units to be taken to determine
conformance of the lot.
B 15.5 The minimum amount of material
required to carry out conveniently all the tests in
the specification should be indicated for the
convenience of the user of the specification.

B14. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
B14.1 Requirements covering the workmanship and finish include such general requirements
as the type of finish and general appearance or
color, uniform quality and tempers (for metals),
and whether the item is clean, sound, free of scale
and injurious defects. To avoid misunderstanding,
these should be spelled out clearly. Provisions for
removal or repair of minor surface imperfections
that are not considered cause for rejection should
be stated.
B 14.2 For products such as pipe and tile it is
usually customary to specify absence of defects
such as fractures, large or deep cracks, checks,
blisters, laminations, and surface roughness. The
finish and shape of the ends also should be
specified.

B16. Number of Tests and Retests
B 16.1 State the number of test units and the
number of test specimens or subunits that are
required to determine confonnance of the material or product to the specifications. In the sampling of a lot of bulk material, state the size of the
sample in terms of the number of primary (first
stage) sampling units that is required to determine
conformance to the specifications.

B15. Sampling
B 15.1 If a specification applies to a unit of
product or material such as a piece of cloth, a coil
of wire, a section of plastic pipe, or a heat of steel,
from which specimens are to be taken for testing,
the procedure for obtaining these specimens shall
be described.

NOTE B3-When a specification pertains to several different properties of a material to be determined by a variety of
test methods, a test unit is defined as a unit or portion of the
material that is sufficient to obtain a single, adequate set of
test results for all properties to be measured.

B 16.2 If a specification allows retesting in
cases where the material or product fails to pass
B-5

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

the specification, state the rules for the retesting
and the conditions under which the retesting
would be permitted.

Bl7.
B 17.1 Where special preparation is required.
as for example in specifications for molding
materials, this section shall be included.
B 17.2 Refer to a standard test method if
possible.
B 17 .3 If no standard test method exists.
include sufficient detail in the specification to
assure acceptable reproducibility of test results.
B 17.4 State that specimens arc to be prepared in accordance with the recommendations of
the manufacturer only if neither B 17 .2 nor B 17 .3
is feasible.

Bl8. Test Methods
B 18. 1 List standard test methods for measurement of all requirements of a specification.
Refer to the ASTM test methods used in testing
the material to determine conformance with the
This includes
chemical
analysis, mechanical, electrical, thermal, opticaL
and other
When alternative
are given in test methods, it is important to state which
sh al I be
used as the basis for the
B 18.2

When there is no /\STM test method

Bl9.
B 19. l The following statement has been
adopted by the Board of Directors to be used
when there is a substantial disagreement between
producers and users within a particular committee, resulting in a blockage of progress in the
acceptance of new specifications or revisions to
specifications:
Inspection of the material shall be agreed upon between the
purchaser and the supplier as part of the purchase order or
contracl.

B 19.2

Place any technical requirements on
such as sampling plan and physical or
mechanical properties in other appropriate parts
of the specification.

B20.
B20. l

The following statement serves as a
guide to ASTM committees when there is need
for a section on rejection and rehearing:
Material that fails to conform to the
of this
spccilication may be rejected. Rejection
be reported to
the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. ln case or
dissatisfaction with the results of the lest. the producer or
supplier may nwkc claim for a rehearing.

821. l
A certification section may be
included in the standard when in the
of
lhe
technical considerations make this

advisable. If a certification section
the certification shall include reference to the
standard designation and year date.
l
arc
state-

men ts:
of ASTM Test Methods
A of
Include all
information listed in A I. l (title, scope, signilicancc and
use, hazards, procedure, precision and bias).
18.3 Where a method of some other organization is being used and the committee has not
approved the test as an ASTM test
then it
is preferable to describe the test in detail in the
specification and to include a footnote reference
to the original source. Appropriate copyright
releases shall be obtained.
B 18.4 State all procedures in the imperative
mood.

When specified in the purchase order or contract, the pur-

chaser shall

furnished certification '.'itating sarnp1cs

scnting each lot have been tested and inspected as indicated
in this specification and the requirements have been met.
When specified in the purchase order or contract. a report of
the lest results shall be i'urnished. Test
may be transmitted to the purchaser hy electronic
The content of
the electronically transmitted document shall conl'orrn to any
existing agreement between the purchaser and the seller.

821.3 Upon the request of the purchaser in
the purchase order or contract, the certification of
an independent third party indicating conformance to the requirements of this specification
may be considered.

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

B22. Product Marking
B22. l It is customary to specify the information to be marked on the material or included
on the package, or on a label or tag attached
thereto. Such information typically may include
the name, brand, or trademark of the manufacturer, quantity, size, weight, ASTM designation,
or any other information that may be desired for a
specific material. If an ASTM standard is specified, indicate "ASTM" and the designation number (for example, ASTM F2063) on the marking,
when possible.

first paragraph of the Supplementary Requirements section. The following is a suggested
statement relating to special requirements:
The following supplementary requirements shall apply only
when specified by the purchaser in the purchase order or
contract.

B25.2 Supplementary requirements shall
appear separately in a Supplementary Requirements section.
B25.3 Quality Assurance- This requirement, if included, shall be qualified by the statement: "When specified in the purchase order or
contract." Reference to a suitable document, such
as ASTM International, ANSI, MIL, etc., may be
made by agreement between the supplier and the
purchaser.
B25.4 Qualification:
B25.4. l Qualification to nongovernment
standards shall be based on the same justification
and operated under the same rules as qualification
to military or federal specifications. The justification and rules are covered in the DoD 4120.3-M
manual, Chapter 4. Briefly, qualification is justified when one or more of the following apply: (I)
The time to conduct one of the tests exceeds 30
days, (2) conformance inspection will require
special equipment, (3) specification covers life
survival or emergency life-saving equipment. The
committee preparing the specification that calls
for qualification will be asked to show that: (I)
there is no other practical way of obtaining
evidence of the availability of products to meet
the specification in a reasonable time independent
of that acquisition and (2) two or more sources
are available and willing to submit their products
for qualification.
B25.4.2 When qualification is determined to
be feasible and necessary, it shall be included in
the Supplementary Requirements section with
wording similar to:

B23. Packaging and Package Marking
B23.l When it is customary and desirable to
package, box, crate, wrap, or otherwise protect
the item during shipment and storage in accordance with a standard practice, it is customary to
state the requirements.
B24. Keywords (Mandatory)
B24. l In this section, identify the words,
terms, or phrases that best represent the technical
information presented in the standard. Select the
keywords from the title and body of the document
and include general, vernacular, and trade terms.
These keywords will be used in the preparation of
the ASTM Subject Index.
B24.2 Select three or more keywords that
describe the names of tests, procedures, special
materials, or the specific application(s) that will
facilitate the identification and retrieval of the
standard.
B24.3 All selected keywords shall be standalone terms; the type of standard, incomplete
phrases, unattached adjectives, etc., shall not be
used.
B25. Supplementary Requirements
B25. l For some standards supplementary
requirements may be specified. These should not
include statements that would allow the lowering
of minimum requirements of the standard (see
Bl.2). Usually these apply only when specified
by the purchaser in the purchase order or contract. A statement to this effect shall appear in the

Items furnished under this specification shall be products
that are qualified for listing on the applicable qualified products list at the time set for opening of bids.

Qualification testing (as distinct from acceptance
testing) shall be specifically identified with
accept/reject criteria. A statement shall be made
B-7

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATfONS

B27. References

concerning retention of qualification. This may
either be a manufacturer's periodic selfcertification, a periodic submission of test results.
or a complete retest of the product. A statement
similar to the following shall be included:

B27. 1 lnclude only references to publications supporting or providing needed supplementary information. Historical and acknowledgment
references are not recommended. If there are five
or more references, list them in an unnumbered
section at the end of the specification in the order
in which they appear in the text. If there are fewer
than five literature references. use footnotes (see
Section 021 ).

With respect to products requiring qualification. awards
will be made only for products that arc. al the time set for
opening of bids, qualified for inclusion in Qualified Parts List
(QPL No.) whether or not such products have actually been
so listed by that date. The attention of the contractors is
called to these requirements, and manufacturers arc urged to
arrange to have the products that they propose to offer tested
for qualification in order that they may he eligible to he
awarded contracts or purchase orders for the products covered
by this specification. The activity responsible for the Qualiliecl Parts List is (inserL name and address of qualifying organization(s)) and information pertaining lo qualifications or
parts may be obtained from that activity.

B28.1 General- Footnotes referenced in
the text are intended only for reference and shall
never include any information or instructions
necessary for the proper application of the specification. Table footnotes are a part of the table.
Use consecutive superior numerals for reference
to footnotes except in connection vvith tables, in
which case use italic capital letters.
B28.2
Commitlee Jurisdiction and His101y- Footnote
shall include in the first paragraph the committee having jurisdiction and,
where the committee so
the subcommittee. The second paragraph shall include history
information as follows: ( 1)
date of latest
month and year of
(3)
revision,
designation and year of original
(4) designation and year of previous issue, and (5) information as to the other standards that may have
been
the
year of
tion, etc.
828.3 Literot11re
Use footnotes for references if there arc fewer than five.
For five or more see Section
the
limitations noted therein. Also sec Section G2 l.
B28.4 Sources
Where apparatus may be special or not readily available from
more than one source, the source may be referenced.
see Section
for detailed

B26. Annexes and
B26. I
Additional information may be
included in one or more annexes or appendixes to
the
B26.2 The words "Mandatory Information"
shall be included directly under the title of
annexes and the \vords
Information" shall be included directly under the title of
B26.3 Annexes- Include in annexes any
detailed information such as that on apparatus or
of the
materials that is a
cation but too
for inclusion in the
text. Annexes shall precede appendixes.
There are times
tional information for

is

to include such

informational material in appendixes. Examples

of material that has been included in such appendixes are tables showing
relationship between tensile strength and hardness. list of
preferred thickness of
and
reproduced from other documents, tables of standard mass and standard sizes, information on
typical applications of the material covered. and
information on typical physical properties whose
definite values are not prescribed in the specification.

B28.5 Reseorcli
footnote the
Section B31 ).

Reference m a

B29. Notes
B29. I Notes in the text shall not include
mandatory requirements. Notes are intended to
B-8

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

B29.5 General Statement of ASTM PolicyThis note, quoted in F2.3 and not numbered, is
generally placed at the end of the standard after
the note on Patent Disclaimer of Liability.

set explanatory material apart from the text itself,
either for emphasis or for offering informative
suggestions not properly part of the standard.
Clarification of the description of required apparatus or procedure and modifications required or
permitted in certain cases belong in the text itself.
If inclusion of the contents yields a different
result, then that information is considered mandatory for the performance of the standard and shall
be located in the text. Notes may be preferable for
detailed description of auxiliary procedures (for
example, correction of barometric pressure in a
test method not primarily concerned with pressure). Table notes are a part of the table and are
mandatory provisions.

B30. Adjuncts
B30.1 Occasionally it is not practicable to
publish as an integral part of the standard,
because of its nature, material that may be
required for use of the standard. Such material is
published as an adjunct.
B30.2 Include a description of the adjunct in
the text of the standard. If appropriate, include a
figure (illustration) of the adjunct.
B30.3 When adjunct material is indicated, it
shall be made available at the time of publication
of the standard.
B30.4 Include all referenced adjuncts in the
Referenced Documents section (see Section A6).
B30.5 Examples of adjuncts are as follows:
B30.5. l Comparison standards such as the
copper strip corrosion standards for Test Method
D 130 (lithograph aluminum strips),
B30.5.2 Charts such as the viscositytemperature charts for liquid petroleum for D341,
B30.5.3 Reference radiographs such as
E155 or reference photographs, such as E125,
B30.5.4 Technical data such as the twelve
volumes of D 1250, Petroleum Measurement
Tables, and
B30.5.5 Drawings such as detailed drawings
for the construction of the smoke chamber in Test
Method D2843.

B29.2 Notes appearing in a given standard
shall be numbered in sequence and should appear
at the end of the paragraph to which they pertain.
If it is necessary to refer to a text note in
connection with a specific word or phrase in the
text, that word or phrase should be followed by a
reference to the note, "NOTE l"), etc.
B29.3 Notes in the text are preferred for the
following:
B29.3.l To refer to editorial changes made
in the text.
B29.3.2 To refer to similar or companion
ASTM standards.
B29.3.3 Desc1iption, if included under
"Scope," of experimental means for recognizing
cases where the method is not applicable to the
material under test.
B29.3.4 Description of additional (not alternative) apparatus, materials, procedures, or calculations that are not actually required; or description of merely recommended forms of
construction of required apparatus.
B29.3.5 Explanation, if needed, of the reasons for a certain requirement or direction. If
brief, include in the text rather than as a note.
B29.4 Patent Disclaimer of Liability- See
Section 15 of the Regulations Governing ASTM
Technical Committees. This note, quoted in F3.2
and not numbered, is generally placed at the end
of the standard. Questions regarding the applicability of this section should be referred to the
Staff Manager of your committee.

B31. Research Reports
B31.1 Research reports, which include historical or round-robin information, or other data,
shall be sent to Headquarters, where they are
given a file number and may be obtained upon
request. Such reports may be referenced in a
footnote (see B28.5). If the specification contains
a detailed test method, the requirements in Section A29 apply.
B32. Rationale (Commentary)
B32.1 The inclusion of a rationale (commentary) section in ASTM standards is encouraged to ensure that brief and concise documentation is available to the user of the standard and to
B-9

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

provide traceability and clarification of past
actions. This documentation might include: ( 1) a
brief history of the development of a new standard or revision to an existing standard including
when and why the effort was initiated, (2) reasons
and justification for requirements, ( 3) documentation of factors considered, and ( 4) listing of
technical sources and literature.
B32.2 lf included, this information shall
appear in an appendix of the standard.
832.3 Examples of standards that include
sections on rationale:

from another (from both an engineering and
stocking viewpoint). Each product so covered
shall be assigned a part number that:

• ls uniquely identifying.
• Includes the document (standard) number.
Does not exceed 1S characters including
dashes, slashes, spaces, etc.
• Does not include the letters "I," "O," "Q," "S,"
"X," and "Z."
Does not change when the document is
changed in a manner that does not affect
interchangeability.
Does not change when the product is modified
so as to not be interchangeable. (In such
instances, appropriate usage guidance will be
provided if appropriate.)

E84. Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of
Building l\1atcrials
F746. Test Method for Pitting or Crevice Corrosion of
Metallic Surgical Implant Materials
F763. Practice for Short-Tenn Screening of Implant Matcri::ds

833.3.2 All standards that include part numbers shall contain a five-digit numerical manufacturers' code as assigned by the U.S. Government
under the Federal Cataloging Program.
B 1.)
1333.3.3 An example of a part-numbering
system appears in ASTM Specification F J 667,
for Driven Fasteners: Nai
and

833.1 General- Part-numbering systems
may be included in an ASTM specification. The
part-numbering system shall be placed in the
appendix, shall be called out "when specified" as
a supplementary requirement, and shall be referenced to
under either
marking," "packaging and package marking." or
both places.
833.2 When Used/or DOD Procurement:
l The inclusion of a

of

"-'Al<Ull;:.'"~

the committee chooses to provide a
of
this unnumbered
section at the end of the standard and
with
the following introductory paragraph:

mittccs when
ii is a committee decision whether or not to
include
to

or

Committee XXX has identified the location
selected
changes to this standard since the last issue (insert designation and year date) that may impact the use of this standard.

curement and
numbers shall be
short
shall not exceed 15 characters. Part numbering
shall be uniform for all parts covered by the same
specifications: uniformity is also
for all
part numbers within the same group of closely
related items.
B33.3 Criterio for Inclusion of Part Nwn-

asterisk will appear after
Scope
with the following wording at the
bottom of the first page:

bers:

B34.3 Next list, by section or subsection,
changes made since the last issue that may impact
the use of the standard. For standards that have
undergone multiple revisions in a short period of
time. keep the Summary of Changes in the

1333.3.1 In development of standards that
embrace end products, every attempt should be
made to define all product variables so as to
enable one product to be positively distinguished
B-10

FORM OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS

standard for 18 months. This will ensure that all
changes from one publication of the Annual Book
of ASTM Standards to the next are recorded.
Brief descriptions of the changes and reasons for
the changes may be included. If desired, a more
extensive description of reasons for the changes
should be placed in the appendix.
B34.4 An example of the list of changes is:
Deleted Section 5 and renumbered subsequent sections.
(2) Updated precision statement in Section 10 to
reflect the results of a recent interlaboratory
study.
( 3) Revised hardness requirements in Table 2.
(4) Revised Section 14 on Product Marking.
( 1)

3

8

B

4

A

0

6
mm

MATERIAL AND FINISH CODE

2

0

0

N

mm
SPECIAL FEATURE CODE

A. Alloy steel with cadmium plating per QQ..P-416, Type II, Class 3 (5

N-NONE

µm plating thicl<ness)
B. Alloy steel with zin~ coating per Specification 8 633, Fe!Zn (5 µm

L • Se~-Locking

coating thicl<ness), Type II
C. Corrosion resistant steel, property class A1-70, cleaned, descaled,

and

Passivate!I in aocordane<1 with Practice A 380

Example: 81834A06020N indicates a Screw Cap, Hexagon Socket Button Head, SI, made of Cadmium
Plated Alloy Steel, 6 mm in diameter, 20 mm in length, and no special feature

FIG. Bl Part Numbering System Covering
Standard Items Used by U.S. Government

B-11

In addition to test methods and specifications, ASTM standards take other forms, including the
following:
Classifications
Practices
Guides
Terminology or Definitions (sec Part

Reference Radiographs
Reference Photographs
Tables
Charts

As a committee attempts to develop a standard, the question of differentiation between a practice and
a guide may arise. In general, a practice underscores a general usage principle whereas a guide suggests
an approach. A standard practice connotes accepted procedures for the performance of a given task.
Refer to definitions given on p. vii. A guide may propose a series of options or instructions that offer
direction without recommending a delinitc course of action. The purpose of this type of standard is to
viewpoints but not to establish a standard practice to follow in all
offer guidance based on a consensus
cases. A guide is intended to increase the awareness of the user concerning available techniques in a
given subject area, while providing information from which subsequent testing programs can be derived.
Regarding reference radiographs, rdercnce photographs, tables, and charts, there are relatively few
subject headings, and the form or the standard is left to the jurisdiction of the sponsoring committee. The
first two
listed in the introduction 10 Part C. however, arc most common and arc
treatment below.
instructions with
lo the
aspects arc included in Part and shall be followed in
writing any standard. These include such matters as contractual items, caveat statements, patents, and fire
standards. Assistance on
of fire standards is available from Committee E05. The policies
contained in Part arc
and arc under the
of the
Board of Directors.
When a standard is
developed, the costs associated with its
and
use
generally should be considered. The prime
should be the optimum use of resources to achieve
deflnition of the
sen·icc.
it should be noted that when
standard
relates to the
of persons. cost considerations are I
than when
attributes of materials or
arc involved. Some
the user: others that include numerous and extensive
can entail
of the standard.
to he included should. therefore. be those that are
and yield benc!its commensurate with the cost of their determination.
Cost effectiveness statements or rationale may be included within a standard if
usually
in an

or

or services into groups based on similar
characteristics such as origin, composition, properties, or usc." 1

C 1.1
"A classification is a systematic
arrangement or division of materials, products,
C-I

CLASSIFICATIONS

Cl.2 Classifications provide a time- and
space-saving shorthand for specifying the above
description.
Cl.3 Classifications may be defined by each
committee differently because of the unique
nature of that committee. A collection or grouping of definitions to one committee may be
termed a classification while still another committee may group objects or properties in a
classification.

tify the nature of the basis for classification, for
specific materials, systems, services, and products.

C4. Designation (Mandatory)
C4.1 The ASTM designation is assigned by
Headquarters on submittal for approval. Refer to
Sections A3 or B4 for sequential parts of numbering.

C2. Subject Headings of Text
C2. l The following is the sequence for the
text of ASTM classifications. Headings are those
most generally used but may not be all-inclusive.
It may be necessary to include other headings for
specialized subjects. The headings identified as
"mandatory" are required. Other headings shall
be included when the subject matter is pertinent
to the document under development; in which
case, all instructions and guidance for that particular section shall be followed. For example, if
the standard does not contain reference to any
standard documents within the text, it is not
required to include a section on Referenced
Documents. If, however, specific hazards are
cited throughout the text, then the section on
Hazards (see SectionA13) shall be followed. Not
all of these headings may be required for a
particular standard. The use of footnotes and
notes shall follow Sections A26 and A27 respectively. Additional headings that are included to
cover specialized subjects should appear in the
most appropriate place and sequence depending
on their relation to the sections below.

C5. Scope (Mandatory)
CS .1 Include in this section information
relating to the purpose of the classification. Concisely state what characteristics have been classified and the materials, products, systems, or
services to which the classification applies.
Where applicable state any limitations to the use
of the classification.
CS.2 Include in this section the system of
units to be used in referee decisions.
CS.3 Include, where applicable, comparisons of the classification to other similar classifications.
C6. Referenced Documents
C6. l List here in alphanumeric sequence the
designation number and complete title of all
documents referenced within the classification.
Refer to Section A6 for further information.
C7. Terminology
C7 .1 See Section A7.

Title (mandatory)
Designation (mandatory)
Scope (mandatory)
Referenced Documents
Terminology
Significance and Use (mandatory)
Basis of Classification (mandatory)
Test Methods and Retest
Keywords (mandatory)
Annexes and Appendixes
Summary of Changes

CS. Significance and Use (Mandatory)
C8. l Include in this section information
relating to the relevance of the classification.
State how the classification is used and who
would typically use it.
C9. Basis of Classification (Mandatory)
C9 .1 The basis of classification is in fact the
most important portion of the document. This
heading sets up categories in which groupings are
made. For example, ASTM Classification D388,

C3. Title (Mandatory)
C3 .1 The title of a classification standard
should be concise, but complete enough to idenC-2

PRACTICES AND GUIDES

Cl2. Annexes and

of Coals by Rank (Vol 05.06) defines classification of higher rank coals according to fixed
carbon on a dry basis while lower rank coals are
classed according to caloric value on the moist
basis.

C 12.1 Supplementary information is provided herein to aid in understanding and using the
standard.
Cl2.2 Annexes (see A24.3).
C 12.3 Appendixes (see A24.4).

ClO. Test Methods and Retest

C13.

CI 0.1 Properties enumerated in a classification may be determined in accordance with specific test methods. These methods should be
referenced in this portion of the document.
Cl0.2 Because of variability resulting from
sampling and a lack of satisfactory reproducibility, and in instances when the first test results do
not conform to the requirements prescribed in this
classification. then a retest option may be provided.

C 13.1

Examples of classifications are:

0388 Classification of Coals by Rank
03475 Classification of Child-Resistant Packages

of
C 14.1 If the committee chooses to provide a
Summary of Changes, place this unnumbered
section at the end of the standard and begin with
the following introductory paragraph:
Committee XXX has idcnti1ied the location of selected
changes to this standard since the last issue (insert designation and year date ) that may impact the use of this standard.

C 11. l In this section. idcnti ry the words,
terms. or
that best
the technical
information presented in the standard. Select the
from the title and body of the document
and include general. vernacular. and trade terms.
These
will be used in the
of
the
Index.
Select three or more
describe the names of tests,
or the
facilitate the identification and retrieval of the
standard.
I l.3
alone terms; the

Cl4.2 Next list, by section or subsection,
changes made since the last issue that may impact
the use of the standard. Brief descriptions of the
changes and reasons for the changes may be
included.
Cl 4.3 An
of the list of
1s:
( l)

Deleted Section

and renumbered subse-

statement in Section l 0 to
reflect the results of a recent
(3)

used.

Revised hardness
Revised Section I

posal, installation,
Cl 5.1 A standard practice is an
procedure for the performance of one or more
operations or functions. In certain cases practices
may include one or more test methods necessary
for full use of the practice. Examples of practices
include selection, preparation. application,
inspection, necessary precautions for use or dis-

in Table 2.

and operation of

C 15.2
standard guide is a compendium of
information or series of options that does not
recommend a specific course of action. Guides
are intended to increase the awareness of information and approaches in a given subject area.
Guides may propose a series of options or
C-3

PRACTICES AND GUIDES

instructions that offer direction without recommending a definite course of action. The purpose
of this type of standard is to offer guidance based
on a consensus of viewpoints but not to establish
a standard practice to follow in all cases.

It should identify the subject of application and

should be distinguishable from similar titles (see
A2.1 as it applies to titles of test methods).

C18. Designation (Mandatory)
C 18.1 The ASTM designation is assigned by
Headquarters on submittal for approval. Refer to
Sections A3 and B4 for sequential parts of numbering.

C16. Subject Headings of Text
Cl6.1 The following is the sequence for the
text of ASTM practices and guides. Headings are
those most generally used but may not be allinclusive. It may be necessary to include other
headings for specialized subjects. The headings
identified as "mandatory" are required. Other
headings shall be included when the subject
matter is pertinent to the document under development; in which case, all instructions and guidance for that particular section shall be followed.
For example, if the standard does not contain
reference to any standard documents within the
text, it is not required to include a section on
Referenced Documents. If, however, specific hazards are cited throughout the text, then the section
on Hazards (see Section A13) shall be followed.
The use of footnotes and notes shall follow
Sections A26 and A27 respectively.

t

C19. Scope (Mandatory)
C 19. I Include in this section information
relating to the purpose of the practice or guide
and to what it applies. Clearly state any limitations of the practice or guide.
C19.2 Include in this section the system of
units to be used in referee decisions.
Cl9.3 Include in this section any caveats
required by ASTM policy such as safety hazards
(see F2.1) and fire hazards (see F2.2).
C19.4 For standards developed for reference
in model (building) codes, include the following
statement:
The text of this standard references notes and footnotes
which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.

Title (mandatory)
Designation (mandatory)
Scope (mandatory)
Referenced Documents
Terminology
Summary of Practice
Significance and Use (mandatory)
Reagents
Procedure
Test Methods
Report
Keywords (mandatory)
Annexes and Appendixes
Summary of Changes

C20. Referenced Documents
C20.1 List here in alphanumeric sequence
the designation number and complete title of all
documents referenced within the practice (or
guide). Refer to Section A6 for further information.

tTest Methods included shall contain the mandatory headings
included in Section Al, except for title and designation.

C21. Terminology
C21.1 See Section A7 and Pait E.

C16.2 Not all of these headings may be
required for a particular standard. Additional
headings that are included to cover specialized
subjects should appear in the most appropriate
place and sequence depending on their relation to
the sections listed in CI 6.1.

C22. Summary of Practice
C22.1 Include here a brief outline of the
practice, describing its essential features without
the details that are a necessary part of the complete statement of procedure and sequence. If
desired, a brief statement of the principle of the
practice may be given.

C17. Title (Mandatory)
Cl 7.1 The title should be concise but complete enough to identify the nature of the practice.
C-4

PRACTICES AND GUIDES

C23.

and Use

D4 I 69 Practice for Perf'onnancc Testing of Shipping
Containers
E6 79 Practice for Determination of Odor and Taste
Thresholds by a Forced-Choice Ascending Concentration Series Method of Limits
E795 Practices for Mounting Test Specimens During
Sound Absorption Tests

C23. I Include in this section information
that explains the relevance and meaning of the
practice (or guide). State the practical uses for the
practice and how it is typically employed. Avoid
repetition of information included in the Scope
(see Section C 19).
C23.2 Include separately any appropriate
comments on limitations of the practice. Indicate
any means of recognizing cases where the practice may not be applicable.
C23.3
where applicable, comparisons of the practice (or guide) to other similar
procedures.

C24. l

C26.2 When there is no ASTM test method
specified for a particular quality or property of a
specified material, describe the test procedure to
be followed in detail in the practice (or guide),
following the Form of ASTM Test Methods (Part
A of this publication). Include all mandatory
information listed in A 1.1 (title, scope, significance and use, hazards, procedure, precision and
bias).
C26.3 Where a method of some other organization is being used and the committee has not
approved the test as an ASTM test method, then it
is preferable to describe the test in detail in the
practice or guide and to include a footnote reference to the original source. Obtain appropriate
releases.
C26.4 State all procedures in the imperative

See Section Al2.

C25. l
Include in the
detailed
directions for performing the task outlined in the
practice.
C25.2
some cases. to aid in
a
diagrammatic, photographic, or schematic may
of value to the user of the
These shall
be supplied to the ASTM editorial staff as originals. An excellent
of this
of
Practice
Solvent-Cemented Joints with
and

mood.

information as to
calculating, interpreting. and
results in
this section.
C27.2
upon the nature of the
an entire section may, by
be
devoted to calculation or interpretation of results,
or both.
C27 .3 When a
vanance rn
conditions under which the standard
has
conditions should become

standard test methods
surcmcnt of all
of
or
guides. Refer to the ASTM test methods used in
testing the material to determine conformance
with the
This includes samrnechanical, electrical.
and other
When alternative procedures arc given in test
methods, it is important to state which particular
procedure shall be used as the basis for the
practice or guide requirement.
C26.1. l Examples of standard practices that
include multiple test methods:

the
terms, or phrases that best represent the technical
information
in the standard. Select the
keywords from the title and
of the document
and include general, vernacular, and trade terms.
These keywords will be used in the preparation of
the ASTM Subject fnclcx.
C28.2 Select three or more keywords that
describe the names of tests, procedures, special
C-5

PRACTICES AND GUIDES

C31. Summary of Changes
C31.1 If the committee chooses to provide a
Summary of Changes, place this unnumbered
section at the end of the standard and begin with
the following introductory paragraph:

materials, or the specific application(s) that will
facilitate the identification and retrieval of the
standard.
C28.3 All selected keywords shall be standalone terms; the type of standard, incomplete
phrases, unattached adjectives, etc., shall not be
used.

Committee XXX has identified the location of selected
changes to this standard since the last issue (insert desi <>nation and year date) that may impact the use of this standard.

C29. Annexes and Appendixes
C29.1 Supplementary information is provided herein to aid in understanding and utilizing
the standard.
C29.2 Annexes (see A24.3).
C29.3 Appendixes (see A24.4).

C31.2 An asterisk will appear after the
Scope (Scope*) with the following wording at the
bottom of the first page:

C30. Rationale
C30.1 The inclusion of a rationale (commentary) section in ASTM standards is encouraged to ensure that brief and concise documentation is available to the user of the standard and to
provide traceability and clarification of past
actions. This documentation might include: ( J) a
brief history of the development of a new standard or revision to an existina standard includina
I::>
I::>
when and why the effort was initiated, (2) reasons
and justification for requirements, (3) documentation of factors considered, and (4) listina of
0
technical sources and literature.
C30.2 If included, this infonnation shall
appear in an appendix of the standard.
C30.3 Examples of standards that include
sections on rationale:

C3 l .3 Next list, by section or subsection,
changes made since the last issue that may impact
the use of the standard. For standards that have
undergone multiple revisions in a short period of
time, keep the Summary of Changes in the
standard for 18 months. This will ensure that all
changes from one publication of the Annual Book
of ASTM Standards to the next are recorded.
Brief descriptions of the changes and reasons for
the changes may be included. If desired, a more
extensive description of reasons for the changes
should be placed in the appendix.
C3 I .4 An example of the list of changes is:

*A Summary of Changes section appears at
the end of this standard.

Deleted Section 5 and renumbered subsequent sections.
(2) Updated precision statement in Section IO to
reflect the results of a recent interlaboratory
study.
( 3) Revised hardness requirements in Table 2.
( 4) Revised Section 14 on Product Marking.
( 1)

E84 Test Method for Surface Burnino- Characteristics of
Building Materials
"'
F746 Test Method for Pitting or Crevice Corrosion of
Metallic Surgical Implant Materials
F763 Practice for Short-Term Screening of Implant Materials

C-6

In recent years, "point" systems for numbering sections of a document have come into extensive use.
Many national organizations, associations, societies, industrial concerns, and government agencies are
using a Modified Decimal Numbering (MDN) System. MDN is also used by standardization
organizations.
In 1963, ASTM International adopted the MDN System for ASTM standards. This guide has been
prepared for the use of members who arc drafting or revising standards. The object of the MDN System
is to assign to each division in a text a unique number that shows the relationship of the specific section
to all previous sections and gives a complete designation which does not require reference to previous
sections or pages.

L
03.1
Number the primary sections of a
standard serially, beginning with 1 or ''Scope,"
using as many numbers as required by the munber of sections.

DJ. l
The Modified Decimal Numbering
System is designed primarily for numbering the text division in standards.

l.2 The MON
the ''Point" System.

is also referred to as

03.2
to the successive
sections of any primary section a two-part number
of the number used for the
section followed by a decimal point and a eonsecuti ve
with 1
as
many numbers as
by the number of
sections.
if there are
eleven secondary sections in the fifth section of a
these
sections 5. l.
5.10, and 5.11.

All documents arc considered to consist of several

divisions called
section may include one or
more
sections. A
section
may include one or more
in tum may include one or more
sections.

ternary secnumber
to the

mary section. "secondand a consecutive number.
as many numbers as
the mnn8er of ternary sections. For example. if there are
four ternary sections
the
and 8.4.4.

not be
ences.
02.3 References shall be made by referring
the number when
to
and quaternary sections. Refer to
sections as '·Section 4" or ·'Sections 5 to 9 .··

03.4
to each of the successive quasections in a
section a
number consisting of the three-part number
assigned to the ternary section followed by a
decimal point and a consecutive number, beginning with J, using as many numbers as required
by the number of quaternary sections. For

02.4 Either of the generic words "section··
or "division., may be used in correspondence or
other communication. but shall not be used in
references. other than primary. as directed in D2.2
and 02.3.
D-1

USE OF THE MODIFIED DECIMAL NUMBERING SYSTEM

example, if there are three quaternary sections in
the second ternary section of secondary section
8.4, designate them 8.4.2.1, 8.4.2.2, and 8.4.2.3.
D3.5 There shall be no further subdivision
beyond that allowed by the four-part number. The
judicious use of unnumbered center headings
may help in the adherence to this rule.

A2, A3, etc.) Precede the title of each appendix
by the letter "X" followed by a number in
consecutive order, beginning with 1 for the first
appendix (Xl, X2, X3, etc.)
D6.2. l There shall be no decimal point
between the "A" or "X" and the number.
D6.3 Designate primary, secondary, and ternary sections of each annex or appendix as shown
in D3.2, D3.3, and D3.4, respectively (NOTE Dl)
(for example, Al.I, Al.1.1, and Al.1.1.1).
D6.4 No individual annex or appendix shall
be subdivided into more than three levels in
accordance with D3.5.

D4. Supplementary Requirements
D4.1 Designate each supplementary requirement by the letter "S" followed by a consecutive
number, beginning with 1 for the first supplementary requirement.
D4. l.1 There shall be no decimal point
between the "S" and the number.
D4.1.2 Do not renumber supplementary
requirement designations once deleted.
D4.2 Designate primary, secondary, and ternary sections of each supplementary requirement
as shown in D3.2, D3.3, and D3.4, respectively.

D7. Equations
D7 .1 Equations should be numbered when
two or more are included in the main text of the
standard (see Gl6.6). Designate equations with
consecutive arabic numbers beginning with 1.
Number each equation in the order that it appears
in the standard, regardless of the section number
in which it is referenced.
D7.2 Designate equations in annexes and
appendixes by the designation of the annex or
appendix followed by consecutive numbers
beginning with 1 (for example, Eq Al.l, A2.4,
X3.2).

NOTE DI-Primary sections of a supplementary requirement, an annex, or an appendix are numbered the same as a
secondary section of the main standard (with two-part numbers); secondary and ternary sections of a supplementmy
requirement, an annex, or an appendix are, therefore, numbered the same as ternary and quaternary sections (with three
and four-part numbers), respectively, of the standard.

D4.3 No individual supplementary requirement shall be subdivided into more than three
levels in accordance with D3.5.

D8. Tables
D8. l Assign consecutive arabic numbers to
successive tables throughout the main text of the
standard without regard to the number assigned to
the section in which the table is referenced.
D8.2 Designate tables in annexes and
appendixes by the designation of the annex or
appendix followed by consecutive numbers
beginning with 1 (for example, Table Al. l, A2.4,
X3.2). Tables shall follow directly the appropriate
annex or appendix.

DS. Literature References
D5. l Where a document includes five or
more literature references, list them in a separate
unnumbered section at the end of the document,
preceding annexes and appendixes. Assign a
one-part number of each individual reference.
See Section G21 of this publication.

D9. Figures
D9 .1 Assign consecutive arabic numbers to
successive figures throughout the main text of the
standard without regard to the number assigned to
the section in which the figure is referenced.
D9 .2 Designate figures in annexes and
appendixes by the designation of the annex or
appendix followed by consecutive numbers

D6. Annexes and Appendixes
D6.1 Separate annexes and appendixes from
the main text with the centered headings
ANNEX(ES) and APPENDIX(ES).
D6.2 Precede the title of each annex by the
letter "A" followed by a number in consecutive
order, beginning with 1 for the first annex (Al,
D-2

USE OF THE MODIFIED DECIMAL NUMBERING SYSTEM

D 13 .2 Do not assign numbers to centered
headings when used.

beginning with l (for example. Fig. A 1.1, A2.4,
X3.2). Figures shall follow directly any tables of
the appropriate annex or appendix.

DlO. Text Notes

Sections

D 10.1 Assign consecutive numbers to successive notes throughout the main text of the
standard without regard to the number assigned to
the section to which the note may refer. Notes
shall be indicated by the word "NOTE" followed
by the number.
D 10.2 Designate notes in annexes by the
letter "A'' and in appendixes by the letter ''X,''
followed by consecutive numbers, beginning
with I.
D 10.3 Designate notes pertaining to figures
by consecutive numbers. beginning with 1 for the
first note to each individual figure.

D 14. l Where a standard has a preliminary
section with a heading such as "Introduction" or
"Foreword," do not assign this section a number
so that "Scope" shall always be designated with
the one-part number" 1" in accordance with 03.1.

General
D 15. l Exercise care to distinguish between
successive, parallel. and alternative sections and
supplementary sections such as secondary, ternary. and quaternary sections. Only the latter
three require the addition of another decimal
point and number. Note also the manner of
handling alternative clauses within a section. For
example:

. Footnotes
D 11. l Assign consecutive numbers to successive footnotes throughout the standard, including supplementary requirements, annexes. and
appendixes, without regard to the number
assigned to the section in which the footnotes
appears.

I 0. Procc:d ure
1() I Dry lhc spccimcn by either (I) heating at I OSEC
1221 EF) for 2 h. or (2) holding the specimen in a conditioned
almmpherc until dry to Ilic touch.

NOTE D2 Since Footnolc 1 is required for
committee and year date of a standard. the first
cnced in the body of tile text is Footnote

Note that the above
is a
sentence
and no further numbering breakdown is required.
I 0. Procedure
I 0.1 Make all tests 011 conditioned specimens using the
procedure
in I 0.3 and I 0.4.
I 0.2
the tension testing machine and sec that the
:J\Cll is at the specified temperature.
I 0.3 Variuhle Frequencr Procedure:
I 0.3. I Adjust the .
10.3.2 Insert the.
I 0.4 Vi1riub/e 7i:11sio11 Pmccd1rri':
I 0.4. I Start the .
I 0.4.2 Clamp the ..

] 1.2

confootnotes to tables
with ''A" for the first
footnote to each individual table.
l 1.3 Footnotes shall be referenced
or. in the case of
letters.

D l 2. I Do not use a combination of the
MDN System and other systems for designating
ternary, and quaternary sections. For
do not divide 8.4 into 8.4 (a). 8.4 (b).
and 8.4 (c). rather than the 8.4. l. 8.4.2. and 8.4.3
as directed in D3.3.

Note that in the above example. l 0.3 and I 0.4 are
successive subdivisions of l 0. not subdivisions of
l 0.1 or J 0.2.

013. Omission of Numbers

DI 6.1 Any problems in the implementation
of the MON System in ASTM standards should
be referred to the ASTM Director of Standards
Publications for resolution.

D 13. l
Do not assign IVIDN numbers to
examples that are numbered serially throughout a
document.
D-3

PARTE
TERMINOLOGY IN ASTM STANDARDS
INTRODUCTION
ASTM standard terminology is written to promote three objectives: (1) precise understanding and
interpretation of ASTM standards, (2) standardization of tenninology in standards, reports, and other
technical writings, and (3) explanation of the meanings of technical terms for the benefit of those not
conversant with them.
For terminology to be effective, it should be used consistently. It is, therefore, the responsibility of
each technical committee to manage te1minology usage in all standards for which it has jurisdiction to
ensure that usage is consistent both within the committee and the Society. Part E provides guidance to
technical committees and to those who review the work of technical committees regarding the principles
of terminology.

E2. Definitions of Terms and Definitions of
Terms Specific to a Standard

El. Terminology Management
El .1 In ASTM International, technical committees are responsible for defining terminology
within technical standards and for developing
terminology as a type of standard. Terminology
ensures precise interpretation of ASTM standards
and explains technical terms for the benefit of
users who are not conversant with the language of
the standard. Use terminology that is clear,
explicit, and not liable to misinterpretation when
referred to in technical operations, commercial
contracts, or legal proceedings.

E2.1 The distinction between definitions of
terms and definitions of terms specific to a standard is related to the degree of application. If a
term has a meaning more specialized than its
commonly used language, is used by two or more
subcommittees within a committee, or appears in
several standards, it is labeled as a definition of a
term. When the term is limited in application to
the standard in which it needs to be defined, it is
labeled as a definition of a term specific to a
standard. Definitions of Terms and Definitions of
Terms Specific to a Standard appear in separate
subsections within the Terminology section of a
technical standard. Since definitions of terms
specific to a standard have limited application,
they do not generally appear in a technical
committee's general terminology standard.
E2.1.1 An example of a definition is:

El.2 Terminology in a technical standard
may include definitions of terms and definitions of
terms specific to a standard and explanations of
symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms that are
necessary for the reader to understand that particular standard.
El.3 All technical standards should contain
a Terminology section that includes definitions of
terms or definitions of terms specific to a standard, or both. Reference to a related terminology
standard(s) can be sufficient for this section.

X.x dolly, n-a low platform or structure mounted on
wheels or casters, designed primarily for moving bulky loads
for short distances. (Compare pallet)
D996

El.4 All technical committees should
develop and maintain a general terminology standard. Terminology, as a type of standard, is
comprised of definitions of terms and explanations of symbols, abbreviations, and acronyms
pertaining to the scope of a technical committee
or a specialized field within the committee.

E2.1.2 An example of a definition specific to
a standard is:
X.x standard, H-as used in ASTM International, a document that has been developed and established within the consensus principles of the Society and that meets the approval
requirements of ASTM procedures and regulations.
Form and Style for ASTM Standards

E-1

TERMINOLOGY IN ASTM STANDARDS

E3. Guidelines for
Definitions of
Terms and Definitions of Terms
to a
Standard

E4.2 Describe the essential characteristics of
the term. Keep it simple. Do not include irrelevant details such as how things are made, used,
or measured.
E4.3 State the definition without repeating
the term defined. Use language that is understandable to non-experts.
E4.4 Complete the definition in one sentence. If two or more phrases are needed to state
the meaning, connect them with semicolons.
Include any necessary supplementary information
as a Discussion.
E4.5 The term and its elements should
appear in the following order: term; abbreviation;
symbol; dimensions of quantities, measurement
units; part of speech; delimiting phrase; statement
of meaning, including specification limits where
applicable; cross-references to synonyms or
related terms: attribution.

E3. I Use these guidelines when writing both
d(finition ()f terms and definitions ()f terms spec(fic to a standard.
E3.2 Prepare a definition when:
E3.2. I Any term used in a standard is
essential to the interpretation and application of
the standard:
E3.2.2
term used in a standard is not
adequately defined in common language:
Using qualitative adjectives and
E3.2.3
nouns that could be taken to denote or connote an
absolute, unqual(fied, or unconditional property
or capability: for example: wate1proof: stainless.
unbreakable, vapor barrie1; gas~fi·ee, fiat. safe.
rigid, pure. Such qualitative adjectives and nouns
shall not be used unless actual Iv used and defined
in their absolute sense:
E3.2.4 Describing a quantitative determinable property or capability that might cause
misinterpretation or confusion; for example:
strong, high, accurate, clean.

represented by an abbreviation, place a comma and
the preferred abbreviation following the term,
and then the part of speech, for example:

.3 Do not
a definition when:
E3.3. I A term is
defined in
reference source material
electronic
unless a definition
for clar-

lff,Q, ll---

terms
reprea comma and the
and then the

A term has a
authoritative meaning
defined in
the International
A term is defined
for the
committee·s purposes in the ASTM Online Die5'cience and
standard:
that meets the committee's
needs has been defined in a technical standard of
another committee or subcommittee.

immediately following the letter symbol, or if
there is none,
the term
for

HJLJ.11---in earth gmding. the maximum
height at which a vertical or sloped bank of soil will stand

E4. l Write
tions specific lo
definition form.
definition, and,
phrase (see

definitions of terms
a standard in the
Include term, part
when applicable, a

unsupported under a specific set

and definidictionaryof speech,
delimiting

or conditions.

E5.4 Ports of Speech- Including the part of
speech enables the user to distinguish between
closely allied terms: for example:
E-2

TERMINOLOGY IN ASTM STANDARDS

3.1.1 Discussion-The examples or samples of construction material, permit examination of quality level.
E631

flame resistance, n-the ability to withstand flame
impingement or give protection from it.
E176
flame resistant, adj-having flame resistance
E176

E5.9 Attributions- If an existing definition
is adopted from another reference source material
(for example, technical standard, manual, or dictionary), copy it exactly and identify the original
source in a boldface notation at the right margin
following the definition.

E5.5 Delimiting Phrases- If a term has
different meanings in other technical fields or
contexts, include an italicized phrase that delimits
the definition to its field of application. This
phrase should follow the dash and be separated
from the basic statement of meaning by a comma,
for example:

E5.9.1 Notify Headquarters that permission
to publish shall be obtained from the organization
holding copyright. The definition shall not be
published without permission.

beam, n-in a balance, the horizontal pan support.
beam, n-in a building, a horizontal load-carrying structural member of the building frame.
beam, n-in optics, a concentrated unidirectional flow of
radiant energy.
E284

E6. Use of Symbols, Acronyms, and
Abbreviations as Terminology
E6.1 In standards containing numerous symbols, acronyms, or abbreviations, these items may
be listed under the appropriate subheading as a
convenience to the user of the standard.
E6. l. l Symbols- Alphabetically list the
symbols. Do not assign a number or capitalize the
explanation, for example:

E5.6 Specification Limits- If a definition
involves specification limits applicable only to a
specific standard (for example, in defining plate
by specifying a thickness range), make the term
specific to that standard. If, however, it is
intended that this definition be broadly accepted
within a specific technical committee or within
ASTM International, delimit its scope, for
example:

X.x Symbols:
A = cross-sectional area of specimen
B = normal induction

plate, n-a!uminum products, a rolled flat product of thickness 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) or greater.

E6.l.2 Acronym- An acronym is a shortened form of a compound term that uses the
initial letters of the term to make a pronounceable
word. Alphabetically list, and capitalize the acronyms. In a few cases acronyms are written in
lower case, such as laser and sonar. Do not
capitalize the explanation unless it is a proper
noun, for example:

E5.7 Cross-references- Cross-references
bring together related terms and natTower terms
of a given genus. A cross-reference may take the
place of a definition, or it may be appended to a
definition to draw attention to related definition,
for example:
flat-bed-see trnck.

X.x Acronyms:
X.x.l PERT, n-program evaluation and review technique
X.x.2 radar,n-radio detecting and ranging

E5.8 Discussions- To fill in more detail of
the concept being defined, supplementary information may be added as a separate discussion
immediately following the definition, for
example:

E6.1.3 Abbreviations- An abbreviation is a
shortened form of a compound word or phrase.
List the abbreviations alphabetically. Do not
include abbreviations appearing in Section G3.
Do not capitalize the explanation unless it is a
proper noun, for example:

3 .1 builder's model. 11-a reference standard of quality for
specific building components, denoting, by example, the level
of quality adopted by a builder.

E-3

FORM OF A TERMINOLOGY STANDARD

X.x Abbrel'imio11s:
X.x.. I assn-association
X.x.2 aPg-avcragc

E7.

E 11. l.1 Provide footnotes to this section to
indicate the sources of these documents.

of Text

E7.1 The following list shows in sequence
the subjects usually covered in a terminology
standard:

EI l.1.2 Do not include the year date when
designating referenced documents unless there is
a technical reason for specifying a particular year
date.

Title (mandatory)
Designation (mandatory)
Scope (mandatory)
Signi licance and Use
Terminology: Terms and Definitions (mamlatory)
Symbols. Abbreviations. Acronyms
Keywords (mandatory)
Annexes and Appendixes
Bibliography or References
Summary of Changes

E 11. l.3 When listing reference adjuncts,
provide a brief description, in this section, and a
footnote of their availability.

E12.

ES. Title
E8.1 The title should be as concise as

Use

El 2.1

When use restrictions exist. include a
significance and use statement. Give a warning of
them such as: "This terminology is not intended
to ...

possible but complete enough to identify the
subject covered by the terminology. The title of a
terminology standard preferably is Ten11i110/ogy
!O . . . is
acceptable.

Terms and Their
a definition in the

E9. I The designation will be
International
of the standard for

definition form
and include the term,
part of speech, definition. and when applicable, a
delimiting phrase. Boldface the term and italicize
the
of
and
Do not
the term or any other
of
the definition
for proper nouns, acronyms,
or any other words
in normal usage.
List the terms unnumbered and in alphabetical
sequence.

Provide information about the field of
of the

will be used. Indicate here
terminology standard is general or relates to a specialized
field. Where the content of a terminology standard is limited or
as m a
terminology standard, the scope statement should
so indicate.

13.1.
the
of
listing terms and their definitions is in alphabetical sequence, in some cases it may be desirable to
show the relationships in a logical family of
concepts by grouping definitions according to a
classification system. Place narrower or subordinate terms and their definitions in alphabetical
order under the definition of the broader term, as
the main entry, for example:

E 11.1 Include in this section only ASTM
standards, adjuncts, and standards or codes of
other organizations. All referenced documents
shall be cited.
E-4

FORM OF A TERMINOLOGY STANDARD

soil structure, n-an arrangement and state of aggregation
of soil particles in a soil mass.
jlocculent structure, 11-an arrangement composed of floes
of soil particles instead of individual soil particles.
honeycomb structure, n-an arrangement of soil particles
having a comparatively loose, stable structure resembling a
honeycomb.
single-grained structure, n-an aITangement composed of
individual soil particles, characteristic structure of coarsegrained soils.
D653

E15.3 All keywords shall be stand-alone
terms; incomplete phrases and unattached adjectives shall not be used.

E16. Annexes and Appendixes
El6.1 To aid in understanding and using the
terminology, supplementary information such as
illustrations, commentaries, or rationale may be
included in annexes (mandatory information), or
appendixes (nonmandatory information).

El3.l.2 Cross-references- See E5.7 for
rules governing cross-references.
El3.l.3 Discussions- See E5.8 for rules
governing discussions.
El3.l.4 Attributions- See E5.9 for rules
governing attributions.

E17. Bibliography or References
El 7.1 Supplementary publications, useful
for consultation by users who wish to have more
detailed information on the particular terminology, may be provided. If the publications are
cited in the text, they should be listed in a
References section at the end of the standard (see
Section A25); otherwise, the section should be
titled Bibliography.

E14. Symbols, Acronyms, and Abbreviations
E14.1 Any of these subsections can be used
for the convenience of the user of the standard.
Follow the guidelines detailed in Section E6.

E18. Summary of Changes
E18.1 This unnumbered section shall be
placed at the end of the standard and begin with
the following introductory paragraph:

E15. Keywords
E15.1 In this section, identify the words,
terms, or phrases that best represent the technical
information presented in the standard. Select the
keywords from the title and body of the document
and include general, vernacular, and trade terms.
These keywords will be used in the preparation of
the ASTM Subject Index.
El5.2 Select three or more keywords that
describe the names of tests, procedures, special
materials, or the specific application(s) that will
facilitate the identification and retrieval of the
standard. Keywords for terminology standards
should include the words definitions and terminology.

Committee XXX has identified the location of selected
changes to this standard since the last issue (insert designation and year date) that may impact the use of this standard.

El8.2 Next list, by section or subsection,
changes since the last issue that may impact the
use of the standard. Brief descriptions of the
changes and reasons for the changes may be
included.
E18.3 An example of the list of changes is:
(1) Added the term bioconcentration.
(2) Revised scope.
( 3) Modified the definition for sediment.

E-5

This section contains special instructions for the use of commercial-contractual statements, caveats,
patents, trademarks, specific sources of supply, references to other organization, etc., in standards. When
a standard contains any one of these statements or references, the committee shall obtain the necessary
guidance from ASTM International Headquarters for the inclusion in the standard.

Items in

This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
concerns, if any. associated with its use. It is rhc responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety

Standards
FI. I Certain requirements. such as those
listed below, shall not be included in ASTM
standards. If a committee feels it is important that
this type of information be given, the committee
may request an exemption from the Committee
on Standards for the inclusion of such requirements in an ASTM standard.

and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

F2. l. l When the standard does not involve
the use of hazardous materials, operations, or
equipment, a request for an exception to the
inclusion of the generic caveat shall be presented
to the
Committee on Standards.
F2. l .2 Specific warning statements shall be
included in the standard (see Section Al 3 for the
use of warning statements). These statements
shall not prescribe specific remedial measures
and actions. However, reference may be made to
authoritative sources where reliable information
remedial measures can be obtained.
F2. I .3 Where there exists in a standard a
reference to the
shall be made fol

Adjustment, settlement and investigation of
claims
Costs of
statements
Effective Dates
Bl
Prices
Purchasing
.2 The matter of who shall pay for services should be stated in the
or purchase order and not in the standard. Statements

Bl

mandatory
involved.

suitable when
requirements

fire standard shall state its
the known limitations of
the
of
that arc generated (including relevance to human
life and
where
Use
Part
m
Standards), and include the appropriate caveat as
listed below. Standards should include. when
practical, sufficient background or
material to guide users in properly applying
ASTM fire standards.
F2.2.2 ASTM lire standards include liretest-response standards, fire hazard assessment
standards. and fire risk assessment standards.

do not contain
covering the costs

F2. l The generic caveat on sufelv lwwrds
specified below shall appear in the
section
of (I) test methods; (2) specifications where test
methods are detailed other than by reference: and
(3) practices and guides that involve the use of
material. operations. or equipment.
F-l

CAVEATS AND OTHER LEGAL ASPECTS IN STANDARDS-SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

Other types of fire standards shall also be permitted, including terminologies, guides, specifications, and practices. The following criteria shall
be followed by fire standards:
F2.2.2.l Fire-test-response standards provide a means for measuring the response of
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
flame under controlled conditions of test. ASTM
fire-test-response standards shall contain the following caveat:

tive output (where quantitative outputs include a
binary pass/fail option or a classification into
categories). Such ASTM fire standards shall contain the following statement:
This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative
measures.

F2.2.2.5 The following generic caveat is
appropriate for fire standards that do not describe
a fire test but do produce quantitative results that
are calculated measures of fire-test-response
characteristics and not by themselves measures of
fire hazard or fire risk.

This standard is used to measure and describe the response
of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.

F2.2.2.2 Fire-hazard assessment standards
provide a method for assessing the potential for
harm for materials, products, or assemblies that
could be anticipated under specified fire conditions. ASTM fire-hazard assessment standards
shall contain the following statement:

This standard is used to determine certain fire-test
responses of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
flame under controlled conditions by using results obtained
from fire-test-response standards. The results obtained from
using this standard do not by themselves constitute measures
of fire hazard or fire risk.

F2.2.2.6 The following caveat is required
for fire test methods:

This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative
measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies.
This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of
actual fires which involve conditions other than those
assumed in the analysis.

Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards
for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting
these tests.

F2.2.2.3 Fire-risk assessment standards provide a method for assessing the probability of loss
resulting from a given fire situation involving
interaction between the material, product, or
assembly with its environment. ASTM fire-risk
assessment standards shall contain the following
statement:

F2.2.3 Titles and Criteria for Fire-Hazard
and Fire-Risk Assessment Standards- All standards developed, approved, or reapproved for the
analysis and control of fire hazard or fire risk
shall contain the words "FIRE-HAZARD
ASSESSMENT" or "FIRE-RISK ASSESSMENT" in the title. The results of all such
assessments shall be expressed in terms that
relate the item in question to the anticipated fire
environment. When appropriate, the standard
may also contain acceptance or classification
criteria and a statistical sampling plan as a guide
to its use.

This standard is used to establish a means of combining the
potential for harm in fire scenarios with the probabilities of
occurrence of those scenarios. Assessment of fire risk using
this standard depends upon many factors, including the manner in which the user selects scenarios and uses them to represent all scenarios relevant to the application. This standard
cannot be used to assess fire risk if any specifications are different from those contained in the standard.

F2.2.4 ASTM Committee E05 on Fire Standards is available to provide review of fire standards developed by other ASTM committees.
F2.3 General Policy Caveat- The Board of
Directors approved the inclusion of a General
Statement of ASTM Policy in all standards:

F2.2.2.4 ASTM develops fire standards
other than fire-test-response standards, firehazard assessment standards, or fire-risk assessment standards, which provide information on
fire issues that is not associated with a quantitaF-2

CAVEATS AND OTHER LEGAL ASPECTS IN STANDARDS-SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the
responsible technical comrnillce and must he reviewed every
live years and if not revised, either rcapprovecl or withdrawn.
Your comments arc invited either for revision of this standard
or for additional standards and should he addressed to ASTM
International Headquarters. Your comments will receive carel'ul consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical
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views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, I 00
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Standard Guidc--This guide offers an organized collection
of information or a series of options and docs not recommend
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education or experience and should be used in conjunction
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;1spccts of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended lo represent or
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This statement shall appear in a note at the end of
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Section F3 on Patents in ASTM Standards).

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Document" statement to be stated un
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mercury, the
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You agree not to reproduce or circulate or quote, in whole or
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tee shall include a statement in the balloting
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F2.5
Prc)fessiona! Judgment CaveutWhen a Technical Committee is developing a
Standard Guide or Practice that may involve
the
caveats may
be used:

F3. I. I

Stotemcnt in Bo!loting Process-

Thc statement with the ballot shall include a
request for an alternative(s) as follows:
F-3

CAVEATS AND OTHER LEGAL ASPECTS IN STANDARDS-SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

The (name of material, product, process, apparatus) is covered by a patent. If you are aware of an alternative(s) to the
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F3.l.2 Statement in Footnote of StandardA footnote shall be included in the standard as
follows:
The (name of material, product, process, apparatus and
may include the patent number for reference) is covered by a
patent. Interested parties are invited to submit information
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including but not limited to any use of a Mark
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the Society of the material, product, system or
service, or that might be reasonably construed as
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discretion of the Committee on Standards.
F4.2.3 If ASTM International staff decides
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The footnote shall be cited in the specific section
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footnote.
F3.2 Disclaimer of Liability as to Patented
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ASTM committee shall be responsible for identifying all patents under which a license is required
in using an ASTM document or for conducting
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Where applicable, an ASTM document shall
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F4. Use of Trademarks and Specific Sources
of Supply for Apparatus, Reagents, and
Materials in ASTM Standards
F4.1 ASTM International is authorized to
certify products, equipment or services.
F4.1.1 ASTM International has a registered
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F4. l.2 ASTM International does not permit
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F4.3 Sources of Supply:
F4.3.l To allow the widest possible use of
ASTM standards, it is the responsibility of the
sponsoring committee to ensure that sources of
supply exist for unique or difficult-to-obtain
apparatus, reagents, and materials.
F-4

CAVEATS AND OTHER LEGAL ASPECTS IN STANDARDS-SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS

F4.3.2

All available apparatus may not be suitable for this application. Apparatus considered for use in this application shall be
checked for suitability in accordance with the requirements of
(insert reference to appropriate evaluation document).

Reference to specific commercial
sources of supply are permitlcd only when there
is a sole source of supply.
F4.3.2. l Information on the sole source of
supply shall be included in a footnote. Include
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F5. Reference to Standards of Other
FS .1 When referencing standards of other
organizations. include the designation and title
for the document in the Referenced Documents
sections.
FS. l. l In all cases, information on the title,
designation, and source availability of the reference standards shall be included. Do not include
the year date of reference documents unless there
is a technical reason for requiring a particular
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FS.2 When it is necessary to quote portions
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copyright by ASTM International Headquarters.
F5.3 Joint logos shall not be printed on
ASTM standards, except with the authorization
of the Board of Directors. When a standard has
been developed in cooperation with another organization(s). a note may appear in the standard,
the other
s
FS.3.1 In cases of disagreement on implementation of this
the matter shall be
referred to the Committee on Standards for deci-

The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the
committee at this time is (name and address of the supplier).
If you arc aware of alternative suppliers. please provide this
information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting or the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend.

F4.3.3 If the apparatus is not widely available, but more than one source of supply is
known, or if apparatus that is widely available
needs to be checked for suitability in the application specified, the committee can reference criteria for evaluating the apparatus. This reference
can be to a section of the standard. to a separate
existing standard or other published document, or
can be in the form of an annex or appendix to the
standard. or filed as an ASTM research report or
adjunct.
!he avai
of
such criteria, and any requirement on the use of
such
should be included
the
ate section of the standard. Include
as:

sion.

F-5

PARTG
STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL
G2. Electronic Standard Preparation
G2.1 Rationale for Ballot- A rationale
explaining the reason for the ballot is mandatory
for all ballots.
G2.2 New Standard- For help in writing
new standards, go to www.astm.org and use the
online draft standard templates.
G2.3 Extensive Revision- When doing an
extensive revision, process in manuscript form.
Submit entire document for ballot and do not use
track changes as shown in G2.4 if the revisions
would make the ballot too cumbersome to follow.
In this case, the ballot rationale shall be used to
state the extent of the changes and that the
document should be reviewed in its entirety.
G2.4 Minimum to Moderate Revisions
G2.4.1 Clearly indicate what has changed by
using the "track changes" tool. Follow these
instructions to properly use the track changes
tool:
G2.4. l. l Only submit for ballot those sections that are being revised.
G2.4.1.2 Open the document and excerpt
into a separate file only those sections to be
revised.
G2.4.1.3 Select "Tools" from the pull-down
menu.
G2.4.1.4 Select "Track Changes." This will
automatically default to underlining added text
and striking through deleted text.
G2.4.1.5 Ensure that all changes (insertions,
deletions, etc.) have been properly marked with
the revision bar in the margins.

Gl. Styling

G 1.1 Check the draft standard against the
rules given in this style manual. Many technical
committees have editorial subcommittees that
review draft standards before submittal to Headquarters. The ASTM editorial staff does the final
styling and is available to assist members. There
are a number of forms of assistance available to
the ASTM standards-writer, such as the following: on-line templates to write standards and
access to the latest Form and Style for ASTM
Standards, the ASTM Online Dictionary of Engineering
Science
and
Technology (see
www.astm.org), Committee White Papers
(supplements to this manual), and editorial workshops. Also, see the Introduction to this manual.
G 1.2 Of the instructions that follow, some
are included because they are deviations from the
standard references, some because they are used
frequently and are therefore listed here for convenience. Sections on various points of ASTM style
appear in the following alphabetical order:
Abbreviations and Unit Symbols
Alloy Designations
And/Or
Capitalization
Chemical Formulas
Contractual Parties
Crystal Planes and Directions
Dictionaries and Other Reference Publications on Style
Dilution Ratio
Figures
Footnotes
Hyphens
Italics
Mathematical Material
Numbering
Numerals
Percent versus Percentage Points
Polymers
References, Other Documents
References, Standards
Sample versus Specimen
SI Units
Spelling
Symbols
Tables
Tension/Compression/Flexure Tests
Thermal Conductivity
Thermometers
Trademarks

Section
G3
G4
GS
G6
G7
G8
G9
G!O
Gil
Gl2
G!3
Gl4
GIS
Gl6
Gl7
Gl8
Gl9
G20
G21
G22
G23
G24
G25
G26
G27
G28
G29
G30
G31

G3. Abbreviations and Unit Symbols
G3. l In the text, use unit symbols after
numbers denoting a definite quantity. Example:
"The length is 25 mm [1.0 in]."
G3.2 Use unit symbols in tables and figures,
and in lists defining symbols used in equations.
G3.3 Use unit symbols and abbreviations in
the singular only. Thus "fifty kilograms" shall be
designated "50 kg," not "50 kgs." Exceptions:
Figs., Nos., Eqs., Refs, Vols.
G-1

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

G3.4 When a long word or phrase for which

cubic decimetre

curie
cycles per minute
cycles per second
day
decibel
degree (angle)

there is no standard abbreviations is used frequently, it may be replaced by an abbreviation
that is explained when it first occurs. Examples:
below top dead center (btdc), relative centrifugal
force (ref).

degree Celsius
degree Fahrenheit
degree Rankine

G3.5 Commonly accepted abbreviations for
names of societies, associations, government
agencies, etc., may be used, provided the name is
spelled out the first time it is used. Use no periods
and run together. Examples: ASTM InternationaL
NASA. ARPA.

degrees

or freedom

Dcpartmclll
diameter

differential
direct current
Division
dollar
c ffcct i vc horscp(nver

G3.6 The standard unit symbols and abbre-

dm 3
Ci
cpm
(use Hz. hertz)

spell 0111
dB

oc
"F

OR

df
Dept Ji
dia (in figures and tables)
d
de

Div."
chp

ch:ctromotivc force

clcctronvolt
Engineers
equation( s)
f"arad
ligurc(s)
foot

viations for use in Society publications in the list
below are so common that they may be used
without explanation. For proper form and style
for SI units follow IEEE/ ASTM SI- I 0 American
National Standard for Metric Practice, the SI
Quick Reference Guide (Annex
and Part G
and Part H. If a discrepancy exists between these
documents. follow Part G and Part H of the Form
and
Manual.

emf
cV
Engrs.
Eq(s)

footcandlc
foot pound-force

A

F
Fig(s). n
ft

re
ftr•lbf (use for \vork, energy)
(sec Jbf•f'l)

spell out

Gh

gray

Gy

llillf hard
henry

;\\V(j

ampere
ampere hour

gal

grain
graYity (accc,kration)

abs
use periods an<l run together
L\LS .. Ph.D .. ctc.J
ac
Am.-\

alternating current
American
American wi1\.' gauge

(;

grain

academic dt:grccs

gallon
gauss
giJbL'.r!

SH
H

hcru

111

;\

horscpo\vcr
horsepower hnur

hp
hp'h

Ah

hour

h
H&D

ang;-,trom

Huner and Llrinicld scale (lilrn
density)

ante meridian
i\ssociaticin

a.m.
;\ssn.

hydrpgcn ion conccntraliun.

pH

atmosphere
average

atm
avg
bbl

ncgati\'c log~lrithm or
inch
inch ur mcrcur)

in.
in.Hg

Bq
(use Cic V, gigadcctronvolts)

inch or water
inch pound-l'orcL'

in.H,O
in.*lhr (use for \York.

BWG
bhp
bhp•h

inclU".;iYt..'

incl (in n~.rnrcs and t;1hk·s onlv)

barrel
bccqucrcl

billion clcctronrnlts
Birmingham \\'ire gauge
brake horsepower
brakc-hor~cpowcr

ht)ur
Brincll hardness number
British thermal unit
Brown and Sharpe (gauge)
bushel
caloric

candela
centimetre

N

(sec lbf•in.)
Incorporated

B&S
Bu

cal

Company
CuqJoration
coulomb
cubic
cubic centimetre

cmi!
.1pcl/
Co."
Corp.

Ins!.

H

11

G-2

•

kcal
(sec note on cycles pc:r second)

kgf

kilogram metre
kilometre

cm

,

Ka
K

kilogram-force

use exponential form c

,

JPS
J

kilogran1
kilogram-caloric

c

"

nvt. n/cm 2

kilocaloric
kilocycle per second
0111

8

ID (in Jigurcs and tables onlv)

K alpha radiation
kcl\'in

cSt
cocflicient

ihp

joule

eel
cm

cP
circular mil

Inc.

lndic<ttcd l1t>rscpt)wcr
inside Jiamt:tcr
Jnstitntc
integrated nculron llux
Iron pipe size

HB 1scc ASTM lcillJ
Btu

km

kg m
0

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

kilovolt
kilovolt ampere
kiloelectronvolt
kilovoltpeak
kilowatt
kilowatthour
kip ( 1000 !bf)
kip (1000 !bf) per square inch
Knoop hardness number
lambe1i
linear
litre
logarithm (common)
logarithm (natural)
lumen
lux
magnetomotive force
mass-to-charge ratio
maximum
maxwell
median effective concentration
median effective dose
median lethal concentration
median lethal dose
megacycles per second

1negagram
megawatt
meta
metre
microampere
microcurie
microfarad

microgram
micro henry
microinch
micro litre
micro-micro (prefix, use pico)
micrometre (formerly micron)
microroentgen
microsecond
microvolt
microwatt
mil
mile
miles per hour
milliampere
milli-angstrom
millicurie
milliequivalent
milligram
millihenry
millilitre
millimetre
millimetre of mercury
million electronvolts
milliroentgen
millisecond
millivolt
milliwatt

minimum
minute
molal
molar
mole

kV
kVA
keV
kVp
kW
kWh
spell out
ksi
HK (see ASTM E384)
L
spell out
L
log
Jn
Im
Ix
mmf
m/e
max (in figures and tables
only)
Mx
EC so
ED so
LC so
LDso
(see note on cycles per second)
Mg
MW

month (When followed by a date
use Jan., Feb., March, April,
May, June, July, Aug., Sept.,
Oct., Nov., Dec. When there is
no date, spell out. Examples:
Jan. 15, 1995; January 1995)
nanometre (formerly millimicron)
National
newton
normal
number(s) (This abbreviation can
often be omitted entirely. It is
usually understood (as in STP
325, Specimen 8, Test 14,
etc.))
oersted
ohm
ortho
ounce
outside diameter
page

pages
para
parts per billion
parts per million
pascal
per

Ill

m
µA
>tCi
µF
µg
µH
µin.
µL

percent
pico (prefix)
picofarad
pint
poise
Poisson's ratio

>tm
µR
µs
µV
µW
spell out
spell out
mph
mA
mA
mCi
meq

Nat.A
N
N
No(s).

0

Oe
0
0

oz
OD (in figures and tables only)
p.
pp.
p
ppb
ppm
Pa
use the diagonal line in expressions with unit symbolsE
%

p

per square foot
per square inch
per square inch
per square inch

psig

pound-force inch
pound-force
pound-force
pound-force
absolute
pound-force

nm

pF
Pt
p
µ (v is prefe1Ted in applied
mechanics)
p.m.
lb
!bf
lbf•ft (use for torque) (see
ft•lbf)
lbf•in. (use for torque) (see
in•lbf)
lbf/ft2
psi or lbf/in. 2
psia

post meridian
pound
pound-force
pound-force foot

p

spell out

gauge
quart
rad (dose unit)
radian
radio frequency,n
radio frequency,aclj
radius
Railway
Railroad
reference(s)
relative humidity
revolution per minute
revolution per second
Rockwell hardness, C scale

mg
rnH
mL
mm
mm Hg
MeV
mR
ms
mV
mW
min (in figures and tables only)
min (spell out when used with
minimum)
spellout
M
mol

roentgen
root mean square
Saybolt Furol seconds
Saybold Universal seconds
second

G-3

qt
rd
rad
rf
r-f
R (in figures and tables only)
Ry.B
R.R. 8
Ref(s)
RH (in figures and tables only)
r/min
r/s
HRC (see ASTM El8)
R
rms
SFS
SUS

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

B, and/or C" is truly the case, write "A. B, or C,
or combinations thereof.''

sec

sicmens

s

Society
socket joint (iablcs and drawings
only)
spcciJic gravity
square

Soc. u
Sj

standard taper (tables and drawings only)
stcradian
stokes
tensile strength
tertiary
tcsla
thousand clectronrnlts
thousand pounds
thousand pounds-force per
square inch

sp gr
use exponential form (exception: psi. ksi) c
TS

G6.
G6. l Use capitals sparingly.
G6.2 In headings and titles, capitalize all
nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and
all other words of five or more letters. Do not use
initial caps on abbreviations (except see G6.6), or
the phrase "et al." or in the word "to" in the
infinitive form of a verb.
G6.3 Use initial cap for "committee" where
used in a title, as ''Committee AO I," "Committee
on Publications." Everywhere else use lowercase,
as "The committee recommends ... " This rule also
applies to use of "symposium,'' etc.
G6.4 Use initial cap on Society, Staff, and
Headquarters when referring to ASTM International, its Staff, and its Headquarters.
G6.5 Capitalize trademarks. The initial cap
becomes lowercase after the word is accepted
into the language as generic. When in doubt.
capitalize. The following are now lowercase:
babbitt, bunsen, cellophane, diesel, kraft neoprene,
cement, saran.
G6.6 Use initial cap in referring to volumes,
etc .. as Vol 2.
2,
2. Use
lowercase in less direct references such as: ''This
volume contains .... " "In the same
is shown

sr
St

.1pcll 0111
terr

T

KcY
kip

k>i
.1peil out

ton

torr

S{Jcll out

Unilccl Stales. 11
United States. adj
United Slates Pharmacopcia
versus
Vickers hardness number
volt
rnlumc (of a publication)
watt
watt hour
weber
week
yard

spell

year
modulus

011t

U.S.
USP
Sf!c/I out

HY (sec ASTM E:\SciJ

v
Vol"

w
W•h
Wb
SJJcf/ Ul!f

yd
spell ol/f

E

1

In footnotes ancl references only.
At encl of name onlv.
c With unit svmbols Zrnlv.
n Only wlH.:n.followccl l;y a number.
L Exceptions: cprn. mph. psi.

•

Ii

G4. l
tions:

Use the following for alloy designa-

to use all caps
directions such as: ''Turn the machine to

135 steel
2024-T4 aluminum
Ti-4Al-3V-fv1o
0.5Ti molybdenum alloy or molybdenum with 0.5 c;, titanium or

0.5Ti alloy (where molybdenum is understood)

G7. l Chemical formulas should be used
m tables and figures. In text in which

G4.2
a unified
identification (Practice

chemical formulas are mentioned
spell out the names. Where they arc mentioned
frequent! y, spell out the name in the first reference to it. followed by the formula in parentheses.
The formula alone may be used subsequently. Do
not use chemical formulas for organic or complex
inorganic compounds. Always spell out the word

And/Or
GS. I Do not use this expression. For
example, when "A and/or B" is truly the case.
write "A or
or both." For example. when "A.
G-4

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

"water" and the name of the elements (use lead,
not Pb). Isotopes may be written as carbon-14 or
as 14C.

G 12.2 Please include figure(s) with your
ballot submission to ensure timely publication of
your standards.
Gl2.2.1 Size each figure up to 30 picas in
width (approximately 125 mm or 5 in.) This is the
maximum.

G8. Contractual Parties
G8. l Terms describing contractual parties
shall be limited to the following:
G8.1.1 Party of First Part, producer, supplier, seller, or manufacturer.
G8.1.2 Party of Second Part, purchaser or
user.

G12.3 How do I create and save nonphotographic images (for example, graphs, drawings, schematics) or digital photographs from a
hard copy original or from computer-generated
artwork?
G 12.3.1 Keep in mind that the larger the
original, the greater potential for a better reproduction.
G12.3.2 Size each figure to 30 picas in width
(approximately 5 in.). For full-page/landscape
figures, size to 42 picas in width (approximately 7
in.). These are the maximum allowable widths.
G 12.3.3 When taking digital photographs,
use the highest resolution possible on the camera.
Absolute minimum resolution is 1200 x 960
pixels. 1936 x 1296 pixels is better, and 2896 x
1944 pixels is even better.
G 12.3.4 Check the image quality and the
brightness and contrast levels.
G 12.3.5 Submit artwork in its original file
source/extension. ASTM graphic designers can
work with most file formats, including CAD.
(SVG, EPS, or AI files are prefen-ed for technical
drawings. TIFF or JPG preferred for photographs
or halftones. GIF is discouraged as a generally
low-resolution file type.)
G 12.3.6 If you need to scan hard copy,
adjust the resolution on your scanner as follows:
G 12.3.6.1 Technical drawing or other information visual FTP-Please scan the line art at
1200 dpi (dots per inch).
G 12.3.6.2 Photograph FTP-Please scan at
600 DPI. If the image is to be enlarged, increase
the percentage of the scanned image.
G12.3.6.3 ASTM can also scan for you (see
Gl2.5).
G12.3.7 Furnish short titles or captions for
each figure.

G9. Crystal Planes and Directions
G9.l Use the following symbols for crystallographic planes and directions:
plane (111)
family of planes { 111}
direction [111]
family of directions <111>

G 10. Dictionaries and Other Reference
Publications on Style
G 10.1 For spelling, punctuation, capitalization, and foreign words, use a reference source
material, such as Merriam-Webster's Collegiate
Dictionary or Websters Third New International
Dictionary (print or electronic versions). For
other information on style use Manual of Style,
The University of Chicago Press (print or electronic version).
G 11. Dilution Ratio
Gll.l Use the form "9+1" rather than "9:1"
for dilution ratios. This means that the 1 part
solute is to be mixed with the 9 parts solvent.
Specify whether volumes or weights are being
used, for example, volume/volume, weight/
volume, etc.
G 12. Creating and Submitting Figures for
Ballot
G12.1 Definition-A figure can be a technical drawing (vector line art), information visual
(chart/graph/schematic), or a photograph, or a
combination of these.

G12.4 How do I submit the file?
G12.4.1 E-mail your staff manager or editor.
G-5

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

G 12.4.2 FTP-Please contact the ASTM
Help Desk for assistance at 1-800-262- I 373.
G 12.4.3
G 12.4.4 Hard copy can be mailed to ASTM
Headquarters, in case ASTIV! cannot use the
electronic file. See the following instructions.
Gl2.5 How do I submit hard copy?
G 12.5.l Provide camera-ready figures of
professional quality, because the printer will scan
what is submitted, and it will appear in the
standard exactly as you have supplied it. To this
end:
G12.5.l. l Use a laser or other high-quality
printer.
GI 2.5.1.2 Do not handwrite on the figure.
G 12.5. J .3 Do not use a faxed or photocopied figure.
G 12.5 .1.4 Furnish short titles or captions for
each figure.

G 14.3 Spelled-out fractions used as nouns
are not hyphenated (one third of the load); used as
adjectives, they are hyphenated (a one-third
share).

G15. Italics
Gl5.I Italicize:
G 15 .1.1 All symbols for physical quantities
that can have a numerical value (quantity symbols).
Gl5.l.2 Letters in parentheses used to identify listings in text or subdivisions of illustrations,
1(a).''
G 15.1.3
Chemistrv- N (normal), M
(molar), c (concentration). Do not italicize symbols for the elements (Fe. N.
etc.) Exception:
italicize N for nitrogen when it is used to denote
position, as in N-methylaniline. Italicize o, 111, and
p as ortho, meta, and para; for example, p-cresol.
Italicize and abbreviate secondary and tertiary as
sec and tert; for example, tert-butyl alcohol.
Italicize iso when used in isooctane.
G 15.1.4 Titles- of books. including ASTM
books, such as Annual Book qf' ASTM Standards
and ASTM STP 379.
G J 5. l .5 Foreign Words- Use a reference
source
such as Merriam-Webster'.\' Collegiate Dictionarv or Wehster'.1· Third New international Dictionary (print or electronic
as a guide to
words.
15. I .6 Tmnsistor
11-p-11, JH!-p,

13. l For footnotes in
use
italic capital letters. beginning anew for each
table. Type the footnotes below the table.
G 13.2 For all other footnotes. use superior
numbers.
13.3 Do not use footnotes in figure captions. Either cite a previous footnote or reference
(for example. ''see Footnote 3,'' or ·'taken from
Ref
or write out the reference in the
caption. For
of publication footnotes. see
Sections G2 I and G22.

used to subdivide a catsuch as Method
Cement

comsteeL''
"cold-drawn wire.''
involving SI units should use a space. such as: "50 mm
gauge." Write
such as the following
with the
after the first word: ''high- and
low-temperature tests.'' For the sake of appearance. omit
in such
as "3 %
nickel alloy'' or "3EC rise in temperature.'· Also
do not hyphenate chemical compounds and the
words ''stainless steel'' and "cast iron.'·
G 14.2
Do not hyphenate an adverbadjective combination when the adverb ends with
''ly."

I

G 15.2.3
cl (for

Abbreviations- pH, srn, cos, tan,

G 16. l Mathematical material can appear in
the standard text or as equations. l n all cases,
submit clear copy, without ambiguities arising
from carelessly placed subscripts or superscripts,
confusion between Greek and Roman letters,
incomplete fraction lines. and so on. When there
CJ-6

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

is a possibility of confusion (for example capital
letter 0 and zero), include an editorial note
nearby to clarify with more description. For
example:

1/4
Use the built-up fraction (with a horizontal line)
in an equation. If you use a built-up fraction on
one side of an equation, use it on the other side:

1=1X1QA3 µm

a
c-d
- = - - x 12

Editorial Note: Lowercase "L" equals number
one times 10 superscript 3 Greek mu

b

Use parentheses liberally to clearly show the
complete numerator or denominator. For
example, does log alb mean log (alb) or (log
a)/b? Use the parentheses to clarify. If you write
alb + c but mean a/(b + c), use parentheses.

G16.2 Greek Symbols- If unclear, type out
the name of the Greek symbol in an edit01ial
note.
G 16.3
Superscripts (superior symbols)
should be marked with a caret or type "superscript" in an editorial note. Subscripts (inferior
symbols) should be marked with an inverted caret
or type "subscript" in an editorial note.
G16.4 Indicate what symbol is prefetTed to
show multiplication (for example, times symbol,
middle dot, or asterisk).
G16.5 Equations- Type on a separate line
in a larger font. Equations are numbered throughout the text. The format for a numbered equation
is:

G16.8 Statistical Data- For data that are
treated statistically, follow the recommendations
in the ASTM Manual on Presentation of Data and
Control Chart Analysis (STP 15 D). Committee
El 1 on Quality and Statistics, which is responsible for STP 15 D, is prepared to cooperate with
other technical committees in helping them present data most effectively. In particular:
G 16.8.1 To present the essential information
contained in a set of observations from one
population, give the average, the standard deviation or coefficient of variation, and the number of
observations.
G16.8.2 Whenever you give an average,
give also the number of observations on which
the average is based.
G 16.8.3 Use the following symbols, where
needed:

Mc

S=l

where:
S= stress, psi or Pa,
M= bending moment, lbf•in. or N•m,
c= distance from neutral axis to outermost
fiber, in., or m, and
I= second moment of area, in. 4 or m 4 •

x = average (arithmetic mean)
s =root-mean square deviation
n= number of observations
s= standard deviation
v= coefficient of variation

Gl6.6 Exp versus e- If the exponent is
relatively short and on one line, without superscripts or subscripts, use e:

G17. Numbering
G17.1 See Part D.

e<a-b)cx

G 18. Numerals

If it is relatively long or has superscripts or
subscripts, use exp:

G 18 .1 Use arabic numerals in designating
figures and tables, thus: "Fig. 3," "Table 6."
G 18.2 Spell out all numbers from one
through twelve, with the following exceptions:
Gl8.2.1 Use numerals when the quantity is
partly fractional, as: 1.15, lY2.

exp[.x2 /2- ln(.x/a)]
G16.7 Fractions- Use the solidus (diagonal line) in the text:
G-7

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

percentage poillfs. Use the forms "mass percent,"
"volume percent,'' "atom percent," etc.

G 18.2.2 Use numerals when followed by an
expression having a standard unit symbol, as: 25
mm, 45 kg, 9 %.
G 18.2.3 lf for any reason the standard
abbreviation or unit symbol of the expression
following the number is not used, or if the
expression does not admit of abbreviation (as
vear, ton, etc.). the use of numerals is optional,
.unless covered in the following paragraphs:
G 18.2.4 In statements containing two or
more numbers, one of which is greater than
twelve. express all numbers as numerals. such as
''2 tests and 16 weighings."
18.2.5 ln a series of connected numerical
statements implying precision, use numerals, as
"S months, 3 days."
G 18.2.6 Use numerals after abbreviations.
as: Vol 26, Fig. 2.
G 18.3 Use numerals for all numbers exceeding twelve, with the following exceptions:
G 18.3. J Do not begin a sentence with a
numeral. When the numeral is spelled out also
spell out the unit following. as ''One gram is
usually sufficient."
G 18.3.2 Spell out round numbers used in an
indefinite sense. such as. "a hundred metres or
so.''
out numbers when used in the
25-mm rods''
15

G20.
G20. l Where the name of the monomer is
one word, the prefix "poly" is simply run in, as:
polystyrene. polyisobutylene, etc. Where the
name of the monomer is two words, they are
enclosed in parentheses and the prefix "poly"
added, as in the following words: poly(vinyl
chloride), poly(methyl methacrylate).

G2 l. I If there are fewer than five references
cited in the standard, use footnotes. If five or
more references are cited, type them in a separate
list of references at the end of the manuscript.
following annexes and appendixes, if any. Assign
a consecutive arabic number to each reference.
Indicate the reference in the text by
the
number in parentheses and using boldface. Show
a footnote reference after the first boldface reference number, stating in the footnote: "The boldface numbers in
refer to the list of
references at the end of this standard.,.
it is
necessary to use the word "reference." use the
to
..
IS
to use the author's name, as
to Jones
there are two
use both
names. as:
to Jones and Smith
If there arc three or more authors. use ''et aL'' as:
to Jones ct al

no
units.
as:
"0.65 mm,"' not '".65 mm.''
off numbers or
use spaces instead of commas in the

not list ASTM standards as references: list them in the section on Referenced
Documents
also Section
not list as
references documents that are not readily accessible to the
such as unpublished theses and

and tabular matter ( l 234
(I
m tables when
occur in a column
containing numbers of more than four figures.
G l 8.5 In expressing ratios
dilution
use ! to l 0 or : l O. not 1-10.
18.6 In expressing
for
emery paper, use
not 000.

,_..,,~,_,,,,.,~

versus

references (and publication
as follows:
G2 l.3. l Booksauthor's name or
names (initials last), complete title of book (italic,
no quotation marks), name of publisher (no
abbreviations), address of publisher (city and
state), year of publication. and page number, if
reference is to a page number. Example:

Points

Gl9.I When a quantity is reduced from 40
to 30, it is reduced by 25 %. When a quantity
decreases from 40 % to 30 %. it decreases by l 0
G-8

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

Jones, J. J., Plasticity and Creep, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
New York, NY, 1958, p. 250.

G21.3.8 ASTM Special Technical Publication:
G21.3.8.1 Whole Book:

G21.3.2 Magazines, Journals (including
Standardization News)- Type author's name or
names (initials last), title of paper (in quotation
marks), complete title of journal (italic, no quotation marks), volume number, issue number (this
may be omitted if the journal page numbers are
continuous throughout the volume), date of publication, and page numbers. Example:

Symposium on Synthetic Bioabsorbable Polymers for
Implants. ASTM STP 1396, ASTM International, 2000.

G21.3.8.2 Single Paper:
Gorna, K., and Gogolewski, S., "Novel Biodegradable
Polyurethanes for Medical Applications,"Symposium on Syn-

thetic Bioabsorbable Polymers for Implants, ASTM STP
1396,ASTM International, 2000, p. 39.

Jones, J. J., and Smith, R. R., "Con-elation of Brinell Hardness and Tensile Strength," Materials in Design Engineering,
Vol 10, No. 2, February 1958, pp. 52-67.

G21.3.8.3 Journal Reference to Website:
Name of Author(s), "Name of Paper," Title ofJoumal, Volume, Number, Issue Number, Paper Identification Number,
Online, Available: URL, Access Date.
Example:
Aydilek, A. H. and Edi!, T. B., "Evaluation of Woven Geotextile Pore Structure Parameters Using Image Analysis,"
Geoteclmical Testing Journal, Vol. 27, No.I, ID GTJ111070,
Online, Available: www.astrn.org, 12 January 2004.

G21.3.3
Proceedings,
Transactions,
Reports, Bulletins, etc.- Type author's name or
names (initials last), complete title of paper (in
quotation marks), name of publication (italic, no
quotation marks), name of publisher, volume
number, if any, date of publication, and page
numbers. Examples:

G22. References, Standards
G22. l Refer to ASTM standards first in the
section on Referenced Documents. Follow the
designation (without year) with the full title, and
use a footnote to refer to the appropriate publication. The footnote should read: For referenced
ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website,
www.astm.org or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For the Annual Book
of ASTM standards volume information, refer the
standard's Document Summary page on the
ASTM website. Thereafter use simply the abbreviated designation (Test Method D 1708, Practice
E691, Specification A250/A250M, etc.) Do not
include the word "Standard." Do not use quotes
on titles of standards, whether those of ASTM
International or other organizations.

Jones, J. J., "Lubrication Problems in Space Vehicles,"
Transactions, American Society of Mechanical Engineers.,
Vol 52, 1948, pp. 135-140.
Jones, J. J., "Classification of Bitumens," Journal of the
Institute of Petroleum, Vol 38, 1952, p. 121.
Jones, J. J., "Fatigue of Aircraft Structures," NASA TR-108,
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1959.
Jones, J. J., "Effect of Carbon Content on Notch Properties
of Aircraft Steels," Bulletin 642, Engineering Experiment Station, University of Illinois, 1957.

G21.3.4 Symposium Volumes or Other
Books Comprising Collections of Papers- Follow style for books in G21.3.1 and add title of
paper, in quotes, after author's name.
G21.3.5 Patents- Type patent number and
date. Example: U.S. Patent No. 2 232 185, Feb.
18, 1941.
G21.3.6 Annual Book of ASTM StandardsCite referenced ASTM standards in section on
Referenced Documents, not in references (see
Section G22).
G21.3.7 ASTM Proceedings- McVetty,
P.G., "The Interpretation of Creep Tests," Proceedings, ASTM International, Vol 34, Part II,
1934, p. 105. (Volume 38 was the last to be issued
in two parts.)

G22.2 Any reference to a combined standard shall include the entire designation, for
example, Specification A36/ A36M. When only
one system of units is applicable, this may be
indicated where the reference is cited; for
example:
This material shall conform to the general requirements
stated in SI units of Specification A36/A36M.

G-9

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

G22.3 Do not refer to a specific paragraph,
section, table, or figure of another standard unless
necessary to avoid confusion. For example, say,
"the section on Impregnation Time of Methods
0202."

babbitt metal (le)
Brinell (cap)

c
catalog (not catalogue)

CO DEN

versus

G23.

023. l ln general, the word "sample" should
be used only to describe a piece or quantity of
bulk material that has been selected by some
sampling process. Pieces or
taken from
the sample for testing are called ''specimens."
Quantities of liquid or bulk aggregate are usually
called "samples," because a sampling procedure
is usually used to obtain them.

D
Disk
disc (CD)
Diskette (Floppy)
drier (comp. of dry)
dryer (apparatus)

E

G23.2 To describe the
on which a test
is made, use "specimen" or "test specimen," not
"piece'' or "sample.''

ensure (meaning be sure)
ct al.
eutectic (noun)
cutcctoid (adj.)

F

G24. l SI units shall be included m all
ASTM standards in accordance with IEEE/
ASTM SI- I 0. the SI
Reference Guide

and Part

and Part

lin:clay (adj.)

a

ancy exists between these documents. follow Part
Manual.
G and Part H of the Form and
G24.2

gaslight
(measurement. instrument)
tube
gray (not grey)

Combined Standards -Both units of
and either
eomalso

heat treat ( 1·crb)
hcaHrcatcd (adj. l
Hooke's Jaw (Jc 'T)

G25 .1 Included in the
list arc
those spellings of words commonly found in
ASTM standards. For words that do not appear in
use a reference source material. See
this
Section GJO 011 Dictionaries and Other
Publications on Style. Use international
for SI units; that is. litre and metre.

indexes (pl)
in situ (roman)
insofar
isooctanc (all other "iso's"' roman)

kcrosinc/kcn1scnc

airborne
alignment
appendixes (pl)

litre (not liter)

G-10

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

G27. Tables
G27.l Number each table with an arabic
numeral and give it a title that is complete and
descriptive.
G27 .2 In column headings, first include the
quantity being tabulated, then a comma, then the
units, for example:

M

magnetic particle inspection (not Magnaflux)
metre (not meter)
microscopic (meaning very small)
microscopical (meaning pertaining to use of a microscope)
N

neoprene (le)
nital (le)
nitrile rnbber (butadiene) (le)
Normal Law integral (cap N and L)

"Tensile Strength, min, psi."

G27.3 Powers of 10- Do not use powers of
10 in the column heading, since it is not clear
whether the numbers in the table have been or are
to be multiplied by the power of ten. Instead,
indicate the multiplication (for example, 1.45 x
106 ) in the first entry in the table; or use an
expression such as "Young's Modulus, millions
of psi" in the column heading.
G27.4 Footnotes- See Gl3.l.
G27.5 Use horizontal rules under column
headings. Use vertical rules only when the complexity of the table demands them for clarity. Use
leaders (three peiiods) in any space that represents a blank entry.
G27.6 Notes- Additional information can
be included in a note that appears below the title.
G27.7 When two (or more) separate systems
of units are both listed in one table (for example,
SI and inch-pound units), separate the units by
using separate columns, or parentheses, or brackets.
G27.7.l When the size of a table and limitations of space (on the piinted page) make it
impractical to expand the table to include SI unit
equivalents, duplicate the table.
G27.7.2 When following the instructions
given in G27.7 or G27.7.l is impractical, because
of the size and the number of tables, include the
pertinent conversion factors as footnotes under
each table instead of attempting to include the
actual converted numbers themselves.

p

pipet (not pipette)
plaster of paris (not plaster of Paris)

R
Rockwell (cap)

s
sigma phase (spell out sigma)
siliceous
SR-4 strain gage
Stokes' law (le "l")

u
Usage

v
V-Notch (noun and adj.)

x
X ray (noun)
X-ray (adj and verb)

G26. Symbols
G26.1 In general, avoid the use of symbols
in text except in accordance with Sections G3 and
G7. When stating dimensions, use "by" not x, for
example, "10 by 5 in. (254 by 127 mm)." Show
tolerances, for example, as 10 by 5 ± 2 in. (254 by
127 ± 6 mm)." Do not use a hyphen or a dash for
the word "to" except in tables where needed to
conserve space. Do not use(') or (") for feet and
inches in text, tables, or figures.
G26.2 In combination with words not having symbols, spell out entirely, for example,
"bubbles per minute."

G28. Tension/Compression/Flexure Tests
G28.1 The words "tension," "compression,"
and "flexure" are used adjectivally to modify
"specimen," "test," or "testing." Examples: tension test, compression testing, flexure specimen.
To modify other nouns, the adjectives "tensile,"
G-11

STANDARDS STYLE MANUAL

''compressive,"
and
"flexural"'
are
used.
Examples: tensile strength, compressive force.
flexural data.
G28.2 In some areas (notably the textile
industry) there is a difference between a ''tension
test" and a ''tensile test," and in these cases the
appropriate terminology shall be used.

G29. Thermal

trademark indicated by footnote.
Aloxite (trademark, use aluminum oxide)
Alundum (trademark)
Bakelite (trademark)
Carborundum (trademark)
Celite (trademark)
Chromel-Alumel (trademark)
Haydite (trademark)
Inconel (trademark)
lnvar (trademark)
Kel-F (trademark, use polychlorotrifluoroethylene)
Lucite
use poly(methyl methacrylate)
Magne-Gage (trademark)
Masonite (trademark)
Mone] metal (trademark)
Muntz metal (trademark)
(trademark, use polyester film)
Nichrome (trademark)
(trademark, use light mineral oil)
Plexiglas (trademark. use poly(methyl rnethacrylate)
Pyrex (trademark, use borosilicate)
Scotch
use

'--'"-'"HU..

G29. l The form to be used for the unit for
thermal conductivity k is:

units:

G30.
G30. I Whenever possible, refer to thermometers described in ASTM Specification E1 or
E2251, for ASTM Thermometers. Reference to
an ASTM thermometer of !he desired range
should be as follows:
Thcrn10111ctcr~ASTIV1 (name) Thermometer having a
range from
to
c:·c or 0 E whichever
and conforming to the requirements for Thcrrnomctcr
thermometer number: 1·or example, I 6F) as prescribed in Specification
(EI or E225 l, whichever applies).

G30.2 Do not
both
scales unless there is a definite need for them.

G31. l Avoid the use of trademarks whenever possible. For example, use aluminum oxide
instead of
instead of
Vaseline. When trademarks are
of course, be initial cap and the owner of the

G-1:?.

PARTH
USE OF SI UNITS IN ASTM STANDARDS
Hl. Scope
Hl.1 This part is intended to guide technical
committees in the use of the standard formats for
denoting the use of the International System of
Units (SI), non-SI units (usually inch-pound), or
both in ASTM standards.
Hl.2 SI units of measurement shall be
included in all ASTM standards.
Hl.2.1 Each technical committee shall have
the option of using rationalized SI units, or
rationalized inch-pound units, or both, as the
standard units of measure.
DISCUSSION-Given ASTM's mission to
be the foremost developer and provider of voluntary consensus standards with global recognition
and use, ASTM technical committees are urged to
give diligent consideration to the use of rationalized SI (metric) units in their standards
Hl .2.2 Follow the procedures given in
IEEE/ASTM SI-10, the SI Quick Reference
Guide and Part G and Part H. If a discrepancy
exists between these documents, follow Part G
and Part H. IEEE/ASTM SI-10 appears in the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, and is also
available as a separate publication.
Hl.2.2.1 For committees that have special
considerations with the use of SI units in ASTM
Standards, it is permissible to develop committee
specific technical guidance for clarification.
Examples of such documents are as follows:

and Technology, including certain other units
accepted for use with these units.
DISCUSSION-Inch-pound, also known as
U.S. Customary Units, are one type of non-SI
units. Another example of non-SI units is the
centimetre gram second (cgs) system.
H2.3 rationalization, n, in ASTM standards- (fonnerly hard conversion) the planned
simplification of a converted value achieved by
modifying the value to reflect dimensions or
physical characteristics of existing real measurements or configurations; as a result of this change
the object or quantity may not be interchangeable
with the original.
H2.4 SI standard, n, in ASTM standards- a
standard that contains rationalized SI units of
measurement.
DISCUSSION-There are two formats of SI
standards: solely SI, combined standard.
H2.4.1 Solely SJ standard, n- an ASTM
standard in which only rationalized SI units are
cited; inch-pound units are not provided in the
standard.
H2.4.2 combined standard, n- an ASTM
standard in which rationalized SI units and inchpound units are included in the same standard,
with each system of units to be regarded separately as standard. (For example, Specification
A36/A36M).

ASTM Committee BOS on Copper and Copper Alloys
Outline of Form of Specifications
(www.astm.org/COMMIT/B05 outline.pdf)
A994 Guide for Editorial Procedures and Form of
Product Specifications for Steel, Stainless Steel, and
Related Alloys

H3. Format Requirements for Standards in
SI Units
H3.1 For a standard citing SI units of
measurement as the standard units of measurement, select the type of SI standard to be written
and follow the appropriate format requirement
listed below:
H3.1.1 Solely SI Standards:
H3.1.l.1 Scope- Include the following in
the scope as a numbered paragraph:

H2. Terminology
H2.1 SI unit, n, in ASTM standards- unit of
the International System of Units (SI) and other
units specifically approved in IEEE/ASTM SI-10
as a unit for use with SI.
H2.2 inch-pound unit, n, in ASTM standards- unit based on the inch and the pound,
commonly used in the United States of America
and defined by the National Institute of Standards

1.X Units-The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in
this standard.

H-1

USE OF SI UNITS IN ASTM STANDARDS

H3. l. l .2 Units- Within the text, show only
rationalized SI units.
H3. I .2 Combined Standards:
H3.1.2. l Scope- Include the following in
the scope as a numbered paragraph:

l .X Units-The values stated in inch-pound units arc 10 be
regarded as standard. The: values given in parentheses arc
mathematical conversions to SI units that arc provided for
information only and are not considered standard.

H4.2 Units- Within the text, inch-pound
units shall appear first followed by nonrationalized SI units in parentheses.

I .X Units-The values stated in either SI units or inchpound units arc to be regarded separately as standard. The
values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents:
therefore, each system shall be used independently of the
other. Combining values from the two svstems mav result in
non-conformance with the standard.
•
·

HS.

Format Considerations

HS. I Repetitive Equivalents- For standards
in which inch-pound units are regarded as staninsert a specific repetitive Sl

H3. l .2.2 Units- Within the text, it is recommended that SI units appear first followed by
the inch-pound units in brackets. However, a
technical committee can opt to reverse the order
in which the units appear (i.e., inch-pound units
shown first, followed by SI units in brackets) if
the following additional conditions are met: all
units appear in a consistent order throuohout the
b
text of the standard; all combined standards under
the technical committee's jurisdiction apply the
same convention.
H3. l .2.3 Specif:'ving Selected Unirs in Combined Standard- When citing a combined standard and
one
of
indicate the system of units to be applied (see

only the first time in occurs in each paragraph of
a standard.
H5.2 Expressing General Units- When a
standard specifics units for reporting results, the
unit in each
should be stated,
especially in the case of compound units. For
example. "Report twist of yarn in twists per inch
(twists per metre)''; not ''
in twists per inch
(25.4 mm).'.
j(ir Toleronce Limits- When appropriate, eliminate the need for
in 1he case of tolerances
cxpressthe limits in percentages.
.4 Sieve
When a standard cites
use the standard sieve sizes
in
Table l of
El l, Wire Cloth

be omitted.
of measurement as the standard units of measurement. follow the format
below:
i. l
the
scope as numbered

For instructions on incl

in tables,

H-2

Section

units

ANNEX A
SI QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

Annex A-1

SI QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

SI QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE:
International System of Units (SI)
The Modern Metric System*

UNITS
The International System of Units (S!) is based on seven base units:

Base Units

length
mass
time
electric current

metre
kilogram
second

m
kg

mole
candela

'101

s
A
~

luminous intensity

cd

and a number of derived units which are combinations of base units and which may l1ave special names and symbols:

Examples of Derived Units
-~~_,Expression

acceleration
angular
!inear

solid
area
Celsius temperature
heat
mass

rad/s 2

mis?
d1rnens1onless
dimensionless
m:'

radian
steradlan

K

degree Celsius

W/m

specific
entropy
heat capacity
specific
flow, mass
flow, volume
force
frequency
periodic
rotating
rnductance
magnetic flux
mass flow
moment of a force
potential, electric
power, radrant nux
pressure, stress
resistance, electric
therrnal concluct1vity

Name

7

N·rn
J!kg

joule

J/K

newton
1/s

hertz

rev/s
Wb/A
V-s

W/A

N

Hz
H
Wb

volt

v
'vV

J!s

Pa

VIA
W/(rc·K)

rad/s
m/s

!in ear

rad

sr

(absolute) (p)

M
volume
volume, spec1f1c
• For compete information see !EE&ASTM Sl-10.

Annex A-2

SI QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

SYMBOLS
Symbol

Name

A
Bq

ampere
becquerel
coulomb
degree Celsius
candela

c

'C
cd

F
Gy
g

H
Hz
ha
J

K
kg

L
Im
Ix
m
mol
N

farad
gray
gram
henry
hertz

hectare*
joule
kelvin
kilogram
litre
lumen
lux

metre
mole
newton

n

ohm

Pa
rad

pascal
radian
siemens
sievert
second
steradian
test a
tonne, metric ton
volt
watt
weber
* allowed with SI

s

Sv
sr

T
t

v
w
Wb

Use of Symbols
The correct use of symbols is important because an incorrect
symbol may change the meaning of a quantity. Some SI
symbols are listed in the Symbol table.
SI has no abbreviations-only symbols. Therefore, no periods follow a symbol except at the end of a sentence.
Examples: A, not amp; s not sec; SI, not S.I.

Symbols appear in lower case unless the unit name has been
taken from a proper name. In this case the first letter of the
symbol is capitalized.

Quantity
electric current
activity (of a radio nuclide)
electric charge
temperature interval
luminous intensity
electric capacitance
absorbed dose
mass
inductance
frequency
area
energy, work, heat
temperature
mass
volume
luminous flux
muminance
length

amount of substance

force
electric resistance
pressure, stress
plane angle
electric conductance
dose equivalent
time
solid angle
magnetic flux density
mass
electric potential
power, radiant flux
magnetic flux

1/s
A·S

'C=K
base unit

CN
J/kg
kg/1000
Wb/A
1/s
10 000 m2
N·m

base unit
base unit
m3 /1000
Cd·Sf

lm/m 2
base unit
base unit
kg·rnls2
VIA

N/m2
m/m {dimensionless)
AN
J/kg

base unit
m2/m 2 (dimensionless)
Wb/m 2
1000 kg; Mg
W/A
J/s

V·S

Examples: 115 W, not 115W; 0.75 L, not 0.75L
88 °C, not 88°C or 88° C
Exception: No space is left between the numerical value and
symbol for degree of plane angle.
Examples: 73°, not 73 °

Note: Symbol for coulomb is C; for degree Celsius it is °C
Do not mix symbols and names in the same expression.
Examples: radians per second or rad/s,
110! radians/second; 110! radians!s

Examples: m, metre; Pa, pascal; W, watt

mis or metres per second,
not metres/second; not metres/s
J/kg or joules per kilogram,
not joules/kilogram; not joules/kg

Exception: L, litre

Symbols and prefixes are printed in upright (roman) type
regardless of the type style in surrounding text.

Formula
base unit

Symbol for product-use the raised dot 0

Example: ... a dista11ce of 73 km between ...

Examples: N-m; mPa·s; W/(m2·K)

Unit symbols are the same whether singular or plural.

Symbol for quotient-use one of the following forms:

Examples: 1 mm, 100 mm; 1 kg, 65 kg

Examples: mis or '% or use the negative exponent

Leave a space between the value and the symbol.

Note: Use only one solidus (f) per expression and parentheses to avoid any ambiguity.

Annex A-3

SI QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

PREFIXES

MJ/kg

Most prefixes indicate orders of magnitude in steps of 1000
and provide a convenient way to express large and small
numbers and to eliminate nonsignificant digits and leading
zeroes in decimal fractions.

Ern111p!es: 64 000 watts is the same as 64 kilowatts*
0.057 metre is the same as 57 millimetres
16 000 metres is the same as 16 kilometres*
*except for intended accuracy
Represents

Prefix

Symbol

yotta

y

z

cxa

E

wrn

pet a

p

10

tera
gig a
mega
kilo
hecto
deka
deci

T

m

10<3

micro

IJ

10-6

Compound prefixes formed by a combination of two or
more prefixes arc not used. Use only one prefix.

Examples: 2 nm 1101 2 mµm;
6 nr11101 6 kL;
6 mPa not 6 kkPA
Exponential Powers. An exponent attached to a symbol
containing a prefix indicates that the multiple (of the unit with
its prefix) is raised to the power of l 0 expressed by the
exponent.

1012
109

ccnti
milli

kJ/g

1024

zetla

1101

G

1021

Eramples:

1
"

M

1QG

k
h'
da'

10•

d'

10-\

10-?

111111

(]()"''
2

sr'

/s = (10-3

Hr''

m

3

JO" s·'
= l tr 6 m 2/s

102

c'

( 10- 3 m/

mm
ns- 1

10 3

10- 9

nano

10-12

NUMBERS
International practice separates the digits of large numbers
into groups of three. counting from the decimal to the left and
to the righL and inserts a space to separate the groups. In
numbers of four digits. the space is not necessary except for the
uniformity in tables.

10·15

atto

10-18

zcpto
yocto

io<!l
10·24
·allowed
with SI

Ernmples: 6.358 568: 85 365: SI 845 953: 88 000:
0.246 113 562: 7 258

Small Numbers. When writing a number between one and
minus one. put a zero before the decimal marker.

To realize the full benefit of the prefixes when expres"intr a
quantity by numerical value, choose a prefix so that the number
lies between 0.1 and 1000. For simplicity. give preference to
prefixes rcprcscrning 1000 raised to an integral power (i.e ..
mm. µm. km).

Note: This applies to large numbers which have an exponent:
as -0.1 x l OA6. This rule is given colloquially as "never use a
naked decimal point."

•:•Fxceptions: In expressing area and volume. the prefixes

Decitnal l\1arkcr. The recommended decimal marker is a
clot on the line (period). On some countries. a comma is used
as the decimal marker.)

hecto. clcka. deci. and c·cnti may be required:
for example, cubic decimetre (L). square
hectometre (hectard. cubic centimetre.
Tables of values of the same quantitv.

Because billion means a million million in most countries
but a thousand million in the United States. avoid using billion

in technical \vriting.

Comparison of \'alues.
For certain quantities in particular applications. For
example. the millimetre is used for linear dimensions in
architectural and engineering drawings C\'Cn when 1hc ndues
lie far outside the range of 0.1 111111 to 1000 mm: the centimetre
is usually used for anatomical measurements and clothing
sizes.

The units in the international system of units are called SI
units-1101 Metric Units and 1101 Sl Metric units.
Non-SI units include inch-pound units. old metric units and
many other units. Jnch=pound units ([P) refers to sets of units
which contain inches and pounds. These include so-called
customary units. US customary units. conventional units.

Compound Units. A eun1pound unit is a derived unit
expressed with two or more units. The prefix is attached to a

imperial units. and English units.

unit in the numerator.

Treat all spelled out names as nouns. Therefore. do not
capitalize the first letter of a unit except at the beginning of a
:-.entcncc or in capitalized material such as a title.

b11111p!cs: V/111 1101 rnV/111111

Annex A-4

SI QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

Example: kiloampere
Exceptions: hectare; kilohm; megohm

Examples: watt; pascal; ampere; volt; newton; kelvin
Exception: Always capitalize the first letter of Celsius.

When a derived unit name is formed by multiplication, leave
a space between units that are multiplied.

Do not begin a sentence with a unit symbol-either rearrange the unit names or write the unit name in full.

Examples: newton metre, not newton-metre;
volt ampere, not volt-ampere

Use plurals for spelled out unit names when required by the
rules of grammar.

Use the modifier squared or cubed after the unit name.
Examples: metre-metres; henry-henries;
kilogram-kilograms; kelvin-kelvins
Irregular: hertz-hertz; lux-lux; siemens-siemens

Example: metre per second squared
Exception: For area or volume the modifier may be
placed before the units.
Example: square millimetre; cubic metre

Do not put a space or hyphen between the prefix and unit
name.

When derived units are formed by division, use the word
per, not a solidus (/).

Examples: kilometre not kilo metre or kilo-metre;
milliwatt not milli watt or milli-watt

Examples: metre per second, not metre/second; watt
per square metre, not wattlsquare meter

When a prefix ends with a vowel and the unit name begins
with a vowel, retain and pronounce both vowels.

SELECTED CONVERSION FACTORS
CAUTION: These conversion values are rounded to three or four significant figures, which is sufficiently accurate for most applications. When making conversions,
remember that a converted value is no more precise than the original value. Round off the final value to the same number of significant figures as those in the
original value. See ANSI SI 10 for additional conversions with more significant figures.
Multiply

By

To Obtain

acre
atmosphere, standard
bar
barrel (42 US gal, petroleum)
Btu, (International Table)
Btu/lb·°F (specific heat, CP)
bushel
calorie, kifogram (kilocalorie)
candle, candlepower

0.4047
·101.325
·100
159
1.055
4.184
0.03524
4.187
·1.0
·1.00
·1.00
·o.3o4s
•304_3
·o.005os
·o.3o4s
2.99
0.09290
92 900
28.32
0.02832
7.866
0.4719
28.32
10.76
1.36
1.36
2.99
0.0226
3.785
1.05
0.0631
0.6791
17.1
0.746
·25.4
3.377

ha
kPa
kPa

centipoise, dynamic viscosity, µ
centistokes, kinematic viscosity, v
ft
ft
ft/min, fpm
ftis. fps
ft of water
ft 2
ft 2/s, kinematic viscosity, v
ft3
ft3
ft3ih, cfh
3

ft /min, cfm
ft3!s, els
footcandle
ft·lb1 (torque or moment)
fl·lb 1 (work)
ft·lb,Jlb (specific energy)
ft·lb,Jmin (power)
gallon, US ('231 in3)
gph
gpm
gpm/ft2
gr/gal
horsepower (550 ft·lb,ls)

inch
in of mercury (60'F)

AnnexA-5

L
kJ
kJ/(kg·K)
mo
kJ
cd

mPa·s
mm2 /s
m
mm
mis
m/s
kPa
m2
mm2/s

L
mo
mus
Us
Us
Ix
N-m
J
J/kg

w
L

mus
Us
U(s·m2 )
g/m,
kW
mm
kPa

SI QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

Multiply

By

To Obtain

in of water (60°F)

248.8
113
645
16.4
16 400
416200
0.278
'3.60
6.895
·0.001
133
'25.4
1.61
1.85
1.61
0.447
·0.100

Pa
mN·m
mm'
ml
mm 3

in-lb 1 (torque or moment)
in 2
in 3 (volume)
in 3 (section modulus)
in 4 (section moment)
km/h

kWh
klp/in 2 (ksi)

litre
micron (µm) of mercury (60°F)
mil (0.001 in.)
mile
mile, nautical
mph
mph
millibar
mm of mercury (60QF}
mm of water (60"F)

ounce (mass, avoirdupois)
ounce (force of thrust)
ounce (liquid, US)
ounce (avoirdupois) per gallon

pint

US)

0.133

9.80
28.35
0.278
29.6
7.49
473
0.4536
453.G

quad
quart

yd

4.45
1.49
0.413
1490
47 880
0.00756
0.126
47.9
4.88
16.0
120
·1.00
6.895
1.06
0.946
0.105
15
5
105.5
0.907
"0.9144

0.836
0.7646

' Conversion factor 1s exact.
Note: In !his !1st the kelvin (K) expresses temperature intervals. The degree Celsius symbol (C) may be used for this purpose as well

Annex A-6

mm·1

mis
MJ
MP a
m'
mPa
mm
km
km
km/h
mis
kPa
kPa
Pa

g
N
ml

kg
g
N

mPa·s
mPa·s

kgfm"

kg/m 3
kg/m:'

EJ
rad/s

ml

ml
MJ
Mg: t (tonne)

m
m2
m'

Summary of Changes

The following changes were made since the
March 2014 edition and published in this edition.
(1) Revised Sections G3.6, G24.1, and Hl.2.2 to
reference IEEE SI 10, the SI Quick Reference Guide, and Part G and Part H. The
ASTM Form and Style is the default document for formatting so that the spelling of
litre and metre can be maintained.
(2) Revised G14.1 and G18.3.3 to reflect using
space rather than hyphen for compound
adjectives using SI units.
(3) Added the SI Quick Reference Guide to the
Form and Style Manual as Annex A.
(4) General revisions were made to reflect current practices.

The following changes were made since the
October 2010 edition and published in this edition.
(1) Clarified language in Section Fl.
(2) Revised Ordering Information, B9.3, to
focus on the importance of referenced documents within a specification, and to encourage the use of year dates.
(3) Editorially changed A27.4 and A29.4 to
correct a reference in the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees.
(4) Editorially updated the title of IEEE/ASTM
SI-10 in G3.6.

The following changes were made since the
March 2013 edition and published in this edition.
(1)
Revised Section Fl on CommercialContractual Items in Standards.
(2) Editorially revised Section G 12 on Creating
and Submitting Figures for Ballot

The following changes were made since the
March 2010 edition and published in this edition.
(1) Editorially removed reference to ANSI
Y10.3M in A19.1 since it was withdrawn
without replacement.
(2) Revised D4 with the addition of D4.l.2 to
modify language on the current editorial
practice for Supplementary Requirements.
(3) Editorially changed E3.3.3 to update the
referenced title to ASTM Online Dictionary
of Engineering Science and Technology.
(4) Revised F4.1 to include ASTM Certification
Programs.

The following changes were made since the
October 2012 edition and published in this edition.
(1) Editorially revised B22.1 on Product Marking.

The following changes were made since the
September 2009 edition and published in this
edition.
(1) Added "kerosene" as an acceptable spelling
in G25.1.

The following changes were made since the
March 2012 edition and published in this edition.
(1) Revised Section A21 on Precision and Bias.

The following changes were made since the
March 2009 edition and published in this edition.
(1) Revisions of A27.1 and B29.l for better
clarity.
(2) Replaced G12 with a new procedure for
creating and submitting figures for ballot.
(3) Editorial changes were made to C2, C16,
A26.4, and B28.4.

The following changes were made since the
October 2013 edition and published in this edition.
(1) Added F2.6, Mercury Caveat.

The following changes were made since the
October 2011 edition and published in this edition.
(1) Clarified use of the term "dictionary" to
mean print or electronic reference materials
in A7.1.1, E2.l, E3.3.l, E5.9, Gl0.1,
G15.1.5, and G25.1.
(2) Editorially updated ASTM standards references in Al7.1, A19.2, and the table in G3.6
(Vickers Hardness number)

The following changes were made since the
March 2008 edition and published in this edition.
(1) Insertion of new sections F2.2.2.5 and
F2.2.2.6 dealing with Fire Standards Safety
Caveats.

Changes-1

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

The following changes were made since the
October 2007 edition and published in this edition.
( l) Revisions were made to Part G dealing with
Styling, Electronic Manuscript Preparation,
Abbreviations, Figures, Mathematical Material, and Thermometers.
The following changes were made since the
October 2006 edition and published in this edition.
( l) Removal of the
a
requirement in standard designation numbers
found in A3. I .2 and B4. I .2.
Insertion of new section GI 6.6. I and an
example for clarifying how to place a multiplication symbol in an
(3) Revision of G27.7 for better clarity.
(4) Revision of H 1.2. l ror better clarity, as well
as to include aDiscussionon the use
SI
units in standards.
(5) Reversal of the order of appearance of
Sections H3 and H4.

or

The following
were made since the
March 2006 edition and
in this edition.
(1) Insertion of a new section
l to
ASTM's policy on certilication and accreditation.
Reversal of the order of appearance of
theTradcmorkssection with theSourccs of'
S11pp/yscction for a more logical flcnv.
Removal of the

to cover all materials ·
nzotcriuls.
Insertion of new
to make
trademark
consistent
with
ASTM Technical

The
were made since the
October 2005 edition and published in this edition.
( 1) Revisions were made to A2 l .4. l, A2 I .4.2,
and A2 l .5.4 to clarify the intent of the
language.
(2) Sections A29 and 831 on Research Reports

were revised to make clearer the instructions
on how the research report is to be referenced
in a standard.
(3)
Revision to F2.4, Working Document
Caveat, in order to remain consistent with
ASTM policy.
(4) Revisions were made to Sections F4 and
F4.2 dealing with Use of Trademarks.
The following changes were made since the
March 2005 edition and published in this edition.
( l) Revision to Working Draft
in
order to remain consistent with ASTM
(2)

Section G25. l, aclclecl (measurement, instrument) to "gauge'' and deleted spelling

The following changes were made since the
September 2004 edition and published in this
edition.
( l) Section A J 8.3 was deleted.
this
section was redundant and could lead to
confusion.
(2) New Section H 1.2.2. l was added pertaining
to
of SI Units.
The
were made since the
2004 edition and published in this edition.
(I) New Section A2 I .4.5
to
and bias was added.
revision was made in Bi
for clarification.
made smce the

m this
::dition.
( 1) Revisions to Al .4 clarify how to
different test methods within a standard.
(2) New Section A22 on Measurement Uncerwas added.
Revision to I was made and new Section
1.4 was added
effective dates.
(4) Revisions were made to F3. l,
l. l, and
F3. l.2 dealing with patents.
The following changes were made since the
March 2003 edition and published in this edition.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

(1) The following sentence was added in B25.l.

"These should not include statements that
would allow the lowering of minimum
requirements of the standard (seeBl.2)."
(2) Megagram (Mg) was added to G3.6.
The following changes were made since the
September 2002 edition and published in this
March 2003 edition.
(1) New definitions for "publication date" and
"approval date" were added to p. viii on
Definitions
(2) Sections A3 l.3, B34.3, and C3 l.3 on Summary of Change Sections were revised to
permit standards that have undergone multiple revisions in a short period of time to
retain changes for 18 months.
(3) The statement in A21.5.3 was revised to
correct ambiguity in the requirement for precision and bias.
The following changes were made editorially
since the March 2002 edition and are published in
the September 2002 edition.
( 1) Replaced the verbiage "year of issue" and
"date of issue" with "year date" throughout.
(2) Standardized the terms "purchase order or
contract" in Part B.
(3) An additional sentence was included in F3.1
regarding the ANSI patent policy.
The sections shown below have been editorially
changed since the October 2001 edition and are
published in the March 2002 edition.
(1) Section G2 on Electronic Manuscript Preparations was replaced.
(2) Additional sentences were included in the
suggested statement in B21.2.

The following changes were made since the
March 2001 edition and published in the October
2001 edition.
(1) Deletion of A3. l.3 and A5.4 regarding companion standards. The same changes were
made to B4. l.3 and B4.4.1
(2) Mandatory for Standards Producing Numerical Results was added to the heading of
Section A29 on Research Reports.
(3) New section F2.2.2.4 dealing with a fire risk
assessment statement.
(4) Deletion of G24.2 dealing with companion
standards.
The following changes were made since the
February 2000 edition and are published in the
March 2001 edition.
(1) Revisions to Section B21 on Certification.
The following changes were made since the
December 1998 edition and are published in the
February 2000 edition.
(1) Revision to Section A13 to revised A13.l.1
on Warning Statement, delete A13.l.2 on
Precautionary Statement, and delete A13.2 on
Technical Hazards. Revise F2.1.2 and F2.1.3
to eliminate wording dealing with precautionary statements.
The following changes were made since the
January 1996 edition and published in the
December 1998 edition.
(1) Revision to Part H dealing with the use of SI
units in ASTM standards. Revision to G38.
These were the results from Circular Letter
#713.
(2) Added new F2.5 Professional Judgment
Caveat.

Changes-3

Abbreviations, E6. l.3, E 14, G3. See ({/so Symbols
order in a definition, E4.S
in terminology standard, El .4, ES. I
Accuracy. See bias
Acronyms, E6.1.2, E 14
Adjectives, qualitative, E3.2.3
Adjuncts, A28, B30
Alloy designations, G4
And/or alternative style for, GS
B26, i6
equation numbering, D7.2
figure numbering, 09.2
note numbering, D l 0.2
placement. designation, and section numbering.
D6
111
B26.3
table numbering, 08.2
in terminology standards, E 16
in test methods, A24.3
Apparatus
calibration and
J 6.1
preparation of, A 1S, A24.3.6
sources of supply,
1328.4. F4.1
trademarks. F4.2
section. A 11

Calibration and standardization section, A 16
Capitalization, G6
Caveat statements, F2
fire hazard caveat, F2.2
general caveat. F2.3
mercury caveat, F2.6
patent caveat, F3.2
policy caveats, F2
safety hazards caveat, A 13, F2. I
working document caveat, F2.4
Certification section, 821
Chemical
section. B 11
Chemical formulas, G7, G 1S.1.3
Classification section, B8
Classification standards, Cl-CJ 4
Combined standards A3.4, B4.4. B9.4,
H2.4.
H3. J
H3.1
H3.1.2.3
Commentary section, A30, 832. C30
Committee jurisdiction, A26.2, B28.2

Co111pilotio11

Swndord Terminology,

E3.3.3
'"Compression" vs. ''compressive,'' G28

13 .. 2

figure numbering, D9.2
note
10.2
D6

for document sec-

C30

111

6

in test methods. A24.4
Applicable documents section.Sec Referenced
documents section,
C20
ASTM standards. citation oL G2 l, G22
ES.9, 13. l .4

context and clarity, E3.3. I, E4.2
distinction bet ween definitions of terms.

Basis of classification section. C9
Bias, A21
Bibliography, in a terminology standard, E 16

form and
13
guidelines for writing,
limitations. ES
ES.6
new, E4
nouns (also formulas and quantities),
E3.2.4
redundancy. E4.3

Calculation section. Al 9.1
Index-I

INDEX

scope, ElO
Definitions of terms, A7.2.3
distinctions between definitions, E2
example of, E2.1.2
form and style, E4
guidelines for writing, E3
in specification limits, E5.6
Delimiting phrases, in terminology, E5.5
in specification limits, E5.6
order in definition, E4.5
Designation, A3, B4
Dictionaries, G 10
Dictionary definitions, E3.3.l, E5.9
Dilution ratio, G 11
Dimensions, B 13
and symbols, G26
Dimensions, in terminology, E5.3
order in definition, E4.5
Disclaimer of liability as to patented inventions,
A27.4, B29.4, F3.2
Discussions, in terminology, E5.8
order in definition, E5.8
in terminology standards, El3.1.3
Drawings. See Figures and figure captions
Equations, D7, G16.6
Exponents, Gl6.6
Figures and figure captions,
form and style, G 12
italics in, G 15.1.2, G 15.1.3, G 15.1.6
note numbering, Dl0.3
numbering, D9
Fire hazard caveat, F2.2
Fire standards, F2.2
"Flexure" vs. "flexural," G28
Footnotes, A26, B28, D11, Gl3
in tables, Dll.2, G13.1
Foreign terms, Gl5.1.5
Formulas, chemical. See Chemical formulas
Fractions, Gl4.3, G16.7

History of a standard, A26.2, A30, B28.2, B32,
C30
Hyphens, G14
Illustrations. See Figures and figure captions
Index terms, A23, B24, C28, E15. See also Keywords
Inspection section, B19
Interferences section, AlO
Interpretation of results section, Al9.2
Introduction section, A4
Isotopes, G7
Italics, G 15
Keywords, A23, B24, C28, E15. See also Index
terms
Legends. See Figures and figure captions
Liability disclaimer as to patented inventions,
A27.4, B29.4, F3.2
Literature references, A25, A26.3, B27,B28.3,
G21
bibliography, in a terminology standard, E16
Magnification, G12.8
Manuscript preparation, G2
Marking section, B22
Mass, B13
Materials and manufacture section in specifications, BIO
Materials and reagents in test methods, Al2
Mathematical material, G 16
Measurement Uncertainty, A22
Measurement units, in terminology
order in a definition, E4.5
Mechanical requirements section, B 12
Mercury Caveat, F2.6
Modified Decimal Numbering (MDN) System,
for document sections, Dl-D16

General caveat, F2.3
Graphs. See Figures and figure captions
Grouped terms, in terminology, E13.l.1
Guides, C15-C31

Nomenclature, chemical, G7
Notes, A27, B29, DlO, G27.6
Nouns, in terminology, E3.2.3
Number of tests and retests section, B 16
Numbering system, Modified Decimal (MDN),
of document sections, Dl-016
Numerals, Gl8

Hazards section, A13

Ordering information section, B9, B25
Index-2

INDEX

Packaging section, B23
Parts of speech, in terminology, ES.4
order in definition, E4.5
Patent caveat. F3.2
Patents, A27.4, 829.4, F3
Percent and percentage points, G 19
Performance requirements section, B 12
Permissible variations section, B 13
Photographs. See Figures, G 12
Photomicrographs. See Figures, G J2.8
Physical requirements section. B 12
''Point" System. See Modified Decimal Numbering (MDN) System, Dl-Dl6
caveats, F2
Fire hazard, F2.2
General, F2.3
F2.6
Patent, F3.2
Safety hazard, A 13, F2.1
Working document, F2.4
Polymers, G20
Powers of J 0, G27. 3
Practices, Cl 5-C3 1
Precautions section. See Hazards section
Precision and bias section, A2 I
of
15.

Samples and specimens, A 14, B 17, G23
Sampling section, A 14, B 15
Scope section, AS, BS, CS, Cl 9
SI combined standard, A3.4, B4.4, H3. I .2
SI conversion, G24, Hl-H2.3
SI units,
adding to existing standards, H3
in tables, H6
terminology, for ASTM use, H2
in text, H3, H4
rounding, H 1.2.2.1
Significance and use
C23
Size ranges, B 13
F4
Sources of supply.
Specification limits, ES.6
order in definition, E4.5
See also Delimiting phrases
Specifications,
adjuncts, B30
analytical test methods section, B 18
annexes. B26.3
apparatus sources, 828.4
appendixes, 826.4
applicable documents. See Referenced documents section
certification
82 l
chemical composition section. B 11
classification
committee

variations
12

Referenced documents
11
References, literature.
G21
ma

materials and manufacture
10
mechanical requirements,
notes. B29
number of tests and retests
B 16
ordering information section, B9
packaging and package marking section, B23
part-numbering system, 833
patent disclaimer of liability note, B29.4, F3.2
performance requirements, B 12.4

16

and rehearing section. 820
Report section. A20
Research Reports. A26.5,
B3 I
Revision of standards, manuscript preparation.
G2
Safety hazards caveat, A 13. F2. l
Safety precautions section. See Hazards section
lndex-3

INDEX

permissible variations of measured quantities,
B13
physical requirements, B 12.2
product marking section, B22
rationale (commentary), B32
referenced documents section, B6
references section, B27, B28.3
rejection and rehearing section, B20
research reports, B28.S, B31
sampling section, BIS
scope section, BS
size ranges, B 13
specimen preparation section, B 17
subject headings, B2
supplementary requirements, B2S, D4
symbols, A2.4, B7, El.I
terminology section, B7. See also Definitions
and Definitions of terms
test methods section, B 18
title, B3
workmanship, finish, and appearance section,
B14
Specimens and samples, Al4, Bl7, G23
Spelling, G2S
Standards of other organizations, FS
Statistical data, G16.8
Subject headings, Al, B2, C2, Cl6, E7
Subscripts, Gl6.3, G16.7
Summary of changes, A31, B34, C14, C31, E18
Summary of practice session, C22
Summary of test method section, A8
Supplementary requirements, B2S, D4
Symbols,
for crystal planes and directions, G9
in definitions, ES.2, E6
order in definition, E4.S
in separate section, A7.2.4, G3, G26
for statistical data, G 16.8.3
in terminology, E6.1.1, E14
for units, G3
use of italics, GlS.1.1
See also Abbreviations
Tables,
footnotes, D 11.2, G 13 .1
numbering, D8
powers of 10 in, G27.3
SI units in, H6
style, G27

"Tension" vs. "tensile," G28.2
Term, El-E14
Terminology, A7, B7, C7, C21, El-E18
Compilation of ASTM Standard Terminology,
E3.3.3
coordination and management, El
defined, Introduction to Part E
delimiting phrases, ES .S
objectives, Introduction to Part E
specification limits, ES.6. See also delimiting
phrases
usage, Introduction to Part E
Terminology standards, E7-E18
appendixes, El6
bibliography, El 7
content and technical committee responsibilities, Introduction to Part E, El
dictionary definitions, E3.3. l
format and subject headings, E7
parts of speech, ES.4
purpose, El
referenced documents, El 1
SI units, H3
significance and use, E12
term grouping, El3.l.l
title, E8
Terms, E2, ES
abbreviations, ES.l, E6.1.3, E14
absolute, E3.2.3
acronyms, E6.l.2, E14
adjectives, E3.2.3
attributions, ES.9, El3.1.4
bibliography, El 7
cross-references, ES.7, E13.l.2
definitions, A7.2.1, El, E2, E3, E4, E13
definitions of terms, A7.2.3, El, E2, E3, E4,
E13
dimensions, ES.3
keywords (index terms), A23, B24, C28, EIS
limitations, ES.S, ES.6
nouns, E3.2.3
order in definitions, E4.S
parts of speech, ES.4
qualitative, E3.2.3
quantitative, E3.2.4
redundancy, E3 .3
symbols, ES.2, E6.1.l, E14
term grouping, E 13 .1.1
Index-4

INDEX

within a standard, E2-E5
Test methods,
adjuncts, A28
annexes, A24.3
apparatus preparation section, A 15
apparatus section, A 11
apparatus sources, A26.4
appendixes, A24.4
applicable documents. See Referenced documents section
bias statement A2 l .3
calculation section. A 19. l
calibration and standardization section, A 16
committee jurisdiction, A26.2
conditioning section, A 17
designation, A3
footnotes, A26
hazards section, A 13
history, A26.2
interferences section, A 10
interpretation of results section. Al 9.2
introduction section. A4
keywords section, A23
A26.3
literature references,
measurement uncertainty section. A22
notes, A27
disclaimer of
note. A27.4
precautions section. See Hazards section
statement, A2 I .2
of
15

reagents and materials section, A 12
reference standards, A 16.2
referenced documents section, A6
references section, A25, A26.3
report section, A20
research reports, A26.5, A29
safety precautions section. See Hazards section
sampling section, A 14
scope section, AS
significance and use section, A9
subject headings, A I
summary of test method section. A8
symbols, A7.2.4
A7. E3-E5. See also Defiterminology
nitions and Definitions of Terms
test specimen and sample section, A 14
trademarks. A 11
A 12.4
Test methods section of specifications. B 18
Thermal conductivity unit, 029
Thermometers. referencing, 030
Titles.
B3, C3. Cl 7
026.1

Trademarks, A 11.2, A 1
Transistor type. 015.1.6

Unit

G6.5. 031

G3

and appearance section.

lndcx-5

EXHIBIT 26

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EXHIBIT 27

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ASHRAE0022821

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Rev. 03-01-2004

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EXHIBIT 28

EXHIBIT

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liset, 3.36 4
CM SUBMITTAL FORM
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Revised 1-30-2006

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EXHIBIT 29

1$
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ASH RAE0022823

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you are commenting on in your email.
Rev. 01-30-2006

ASHRAE0022824

EXHIBIT 30

FORM FOR COMMENTING ()N A PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT
ASIIRAE STANDARD, GUIDELINE OR ADDENDUM
'PLEASE RETURN COMPLETED FORM BY April 30, 2007
.

Name:
Affiliation:
Address:

City:

State:

Telephone:

Fax:

E-mail:

Zip:

Designation and Title of First Public Review Draft: BSR/ASHRAE/IESNA Addendum

to

ANSPASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Energy Standard Pr Buildings. Except Low-Rise Residential
Buildings.

NOTE: Use a separate form for each comment, completing each section (including Sections 1 and 2) to facilitate
sepal-ate processing. ASHRAE encourages oliginal commentary on its standards. All comments must be accompanied
by the commenter's signed release, as provided below. However, if commenters submit comments authored by others.
those comments must also be accompanied by a signed copyright release from the author of the original comment. The
original comment author, representing commenters who have submitted duplicate continents may be asked to engage in
dialog supporting their position. All commenters shall receive acknowledgment from ASHRAE of receipt of their

comment, and may receive a response in the form of the resolution of the original comment with that commenes
author.

Copyright Release:
I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the nonexclusive royalty riehts, including non-exclusive royalty tights in copyright, in my proposals and I understand that I
acquire no rights in publication of this standard in which my proposals in this or other similar analogous form is used. I
hereby attest that 1 have the authority and am empowered lo grant this copyright release.
Author's Signature:

Date

El All electronic submittals must complete the following statement:

I (insert name)
, through this electronic signature,
hereby grant the American Society of I leafing, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the nonexclusive royalty rights, including non-exclusive royalty rights in copyright, in my proposals and I understand that I
acquire no rights in publication of this standard in which my proposals in this or other similar analogous form is
used. I hereby attest that I have the authority and am empowered to grant this copyright release.

Clause or Subclanse:
Comment (Proposed Text):
(If a provision is proposed to be added, the text of the provision must be submitted in writing. If
modification of a provision is proposed, the proposed text must be submitted utilizing the
strikeout/underline formal. (Strikeout text to be deleted and underline text to he added.) (Please do not
submit marked-up or highlighted copies of the standard.) (If it is a proposed withdrawal, please state hiere
with specificity)

Substantiating Statements:
(Be brief; provide abstract of lengthy substantiation; full text should be enclosed for reference on
request by project committee members.)

Check if additional pages are attached. Number of additional pages:

ASHRAE0022825

I Check here if your comment is supportive in nature and does not require substantive changes in the current
proposal in order to resolve your comment. If you select this option, your comment will not require a response from
the project committee and will not be subject to the commenter response procedures.
[

NOTE: Use separate form for each comment. Submittals (MS Word preferred) may he attached to email, submitted
on diskettes, uploaded to ASHRAE's ftp site, or submitted in paper form by mail or fax to ASHRAE. Manager of
Standards, 1791 TitHie Circle. NE, Atlanta. GA 30329-2305. E-mail: public.review.0 0171Melli @aslime.org.
Ftp server address:.ftp.ctshrcie.org, directory: public.reriew.comnzent. Fax [phone].
NOTE: 'l'o ensure receiving all notices provided for in the procedures, you are responsible for informing the
ASHRAE Standards Section when your contact information changes. Otherwise you may not receive responses to
comments, right-to-appeal notices, and any other notices that may be sent to commenters. To update your contact
information. send an email to [e-mail]. You must indicate which public review draft or drafts
you are conunenting on in your email.
Rev. 01-30-2006

ASHRAE0022826

EXHIBIT 31

rUCHIBIT;7(Y
g-4

FORM FOR SUBMITTAL OF PROPOSED CHANGE TO AN
ASHRAE STANDARD UNDER CONTINUOUS MAINTENANCE
NOTE: Use a separate form for each comment. Submittals (Microsoft Word preferred) may be attached to e-mail (preferred),

submitted on a CD, or submitted in paper by mail or fax to ASHRAE, Manager of Standards, 1791 TuHie Circle, NE,
Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [e-mail]. Fax: -F1-404/321-5478.

1. Submitter:
Affiliation:
Address:

State:

City:

Telephone:

Zip:

Country:

Fax:

I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) the nonexclusive royalty rights, including non-exclusive rights in copyright, in my proposals. I understand that I acquire no rights in
publication of the standard in which my proposals in this or other analogous form is used. I hereby attest that I have the
authority and am empowered to grant this copyright release.

Submitter's signature:

Date:

All electronic submittals must have the following statement completed:
I (insert name)
, through this electronic signature, hereby grant
the American Society of Heating. Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the non-exclusive royalty
rights, including non-exclusive rights in copyright, in my proposals. I understand that I acquire no rialits in publication of
the standard in which my proposals in this or other analogous form is used. I hereby attest that I have the authority and am
empowered to grant this copyright release.

Number and year of standard:
Page number and clause (section), subclause, or paragraph number:
I propose to:
(check one)

[

] Change to read as follows

[

[i Add new text as follows

[

] Delete and substitute as follows
] Delete without substitution

Use underscores to show material to be added(aÀ,_led) and strike through material to be deleted (401,4.4). Use additional pages ir needed.

Proposed change:

Reason and substantiation:
Will the proposed change increase the cost of engineering or construction? If yes, provide a brief explanation as
to why the increase is justified.

] Check if additional pages are attached. Number of additional pages:
] Check if attachments or referenced materials cited in this proposal accompany this proposed change. Please verify that
all attachments and references are relevant, current, and clearly labeled to avoid processing and review delays. Please list
your attachments here:
[
[

Rev. 3-9-2007

1

ASHRAE0022820

EXHIBIT 32

Part 1 of 2

APPLICATION FOR PROJECT COMMITTEE ORGANIZATIONAL
REPRESENTATIVE MEMBERSHIP

K.901')
E

EXHIBIT

1. ASHRAE Project Committee (Please use a separate form for each committee)
SSPC 34
SSPC 62.1

SSPC 62.2
SSPC 90.1
SSPC 90.2
SSPC 161

Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants
"12 75-/f/r) .3 3o
Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings
Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
Energy Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings
Air Quality Within Commercial Aircraft

2. Name of Applicant
Print or Type Name (First, Middle Initial, Last)

Today's Date

Primary or Alternate Representative?

ASHRAE Member ID

Organization Represented

3. Biographical information on ASHRAE's website: (check one):
Has been completed/updated and contains current information.
El Will be completed/updated on

The Potential Sources of Bias/Conflict of Interest form, specifically applicable to the purpose
Yes
111 NO
and scope of this Project Committee, has been completed:
(Note: This form must be completed if applying for membership on a Project Committee.)

If elected as an Organizational Member of the Project Committee, I would qualify in the following
Interest Category (check one): (See next page for description of Interest categories)

1:1

(=I

SSPC 34
Consulting
Engineer/Contractor/
Architect
General Interest

E Producer/Vendor
ID

SSPC 62.1

SSPC 90.2

E Compliance

SSPC 161

D Design/Builders

Design/Builders E Compliance

El

General Interest D Designer
E General Interest
General I nte rest
1=1
General Interest D Industry
Manufacturer
E Manufacturer

ID

General Interest
Manufacturer

D Own/Oper/Occ

User

SSPC 90.1

SSPC 62.2

Own/Oper/Occ

PLEASE DO NoT ADD INT1';'.R:-.'T CATEGORIEs

I=1

Industry

D User
I: Utility

E Producer

E User
E Utility

E Flight Personnel

Owner/Operator
Passenger

6. By signing below, I certify that:
If elected as an Organizational Member of any ASHRAE Standard or Guideline Project Comrnittee or appointed as a consuitant to such
committee I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the non-exclusive,
royalty-free rights, including nonexclusive, royalty rights in copyright, to any contributions I make to documents prepared by or for such
committee for ASHRAE publication and I understand that I acquire no rights in publication of such documents in which my contributions
or other similar analogous form are used. I hereby attest that I have the authority and I am empowered to grant this copyright release.
I am authorized to commit that my organization agrees to the following:
an intent to participate in a constructive way to achieve the Title, Purpose, and Scope (TPS) of the standard
to provide an individual with appropriate technical or scientific qualifications to serve as their representative, and if
to encourage the constituency of the organization to provide input and comments to the organization's representative,

to provide feedback to the constituency of the organization on the disposition of input and comments submitted by the
organization's representative,
to not expect any financial support from ASHRAE for expenses related to participation in the activities of the SPC/SSPC

SIGNATURE
(Note: This form is not valid unless signed by Applicant.)

Submit Completed Form to: ([e-mail]): Tel. [phone]; Fax [phone]

Rev. 10/09

Note: If applying for Individual membership, please complete the Individual Application for Project Committee Membership with your information.

ASH RAE0022814

BACKGROUND

ASHRAE Standards 34, 62.1, 62.2, 90.1, 90.2 and 161 impact a diverse group of individuals and industries. The constituency for these
standards transcends the typical interest categories suggested by ANSI. These interest categories are intended to address the
multidisciplinary nature of the standards, and to provide a better balance of interest categories for the SPC/SSPC.
DEFINITIONS

interest: the perspective of a member of a project committee, as judged by his or her present and past sources of income, fees, or
reimbursements of related expenses, in the context of the purpose and scope of the project committee. The perspective may also be
judged by the recorded views of the individual, or of any organization he/she is employed by or of which he/she is a member.
interest categories: the principal (top) tier of interest classifications. For some standards projects, it may be appropriate to designate
subcategories of one or more interest category.
INTEREST CATEGORIES

Compliance: Persons primarily interested in compliance with the standard. A person in this category would make their living from
developing regulations, enforcing the requirements of the standard, developing programs tied to the standard, or advocating the
standard. Example members of this category would be building code officials, building code organizations, state energy offices, and
other local, state, and federal officials.

Designer: A designer of buildings, building systems or subsystems (including envelope, HVAC, lighting). A person in this category
would make their living from designing buildings and systems that are impacted by the standard. Example members of this category
would be architects, design firms, consulting engineers, lighting designers and employees of energy consulting firms.
Designers/Builders: Those who provide building design and construction services, including consulting engineers, HVAC and general
contractors, design /build contractors, or representatives of associations of these types of professionals.
General: Building regulatory officials or their representatives, researchers, educators, IAQ specialists, and others with expertise in the
fields of ventilation and indoor air quality. Also, medical doctors, public health experts, industrial hygienists or representatives of
associations of these types of professionals.

In addition, this category is intended for those who have interests other than those described in the other categories. Example
members of this category would be employees of research institutions, universities, nationally recognized testing laboratories,
employees of energy advocacy groups, and others with a general interest in energy utilization in buildings.

Industry: Construction firms or manufacturers, producers, or distributors of products or systems that would be installed in buildings. A
person in this category would make their living from constructing buildings or producing or distributing products impacted by this
standard or representing groups of manufacturers impacted by this standard. Example members of this category would be contractors,
manufacturing firms, assembly firms, distributors and wholesalers, and industry trade associations that represent these groups.
Manufacturers: Employees or representatives of manufacturers, distributors or trade associations of HVAC equipment, HVAC controls,
and equipment designed to enhance indoor air quality (e.g. air cleaners). Also, individuals associated with products used in the
construction of buildings (e.g., finishes, wall and floor coverings, wood products) and used within buildings by occupants (e.g., furniture
and furnishings, tobacco products, appliances, office equipment).

Owners/Operators/Occupants: Employees or representatives of building owners/managers, building engineers, facility managers, and
consultants who specialize in working in existing buildings (as opposed to those who design and construct new buildings). Also
representatives of building occupants.

Producer those directly concerned with the production or distribution of the product or service involved, including industry
associations representing producers or distributors, or those receiving substantial support from a producer directly concerned.

User. Users of buildings and building systems and subsystems. A person in this category would make their living from owning or
operating buildings. Example members of this category would be building owners and operators (private and governmental), tenants,
and trade associations or organizations representing these groups.
Utility: Those who provide energy services to buildings impacted by this standard. A person in this category would make their living
from providing energy services to a building impacted by this standard. Example members of this category would be electric, gas,
steam, or other utility and trade associations or organizations representing these groups.

Rey. 10/09

Note: If applying for Individual membership. please complete the Individual Application for Project Committee Membership with your information.

ASHRAE0022815

PART 2 of 2

PROJECT COMMITTEE ORGANIZATIONAL MEMBERSHIP CONTACT
INFORMATION

\

Committee No:
Committee Name

Organization
Contact Name

/

Title

Address
City

State

Phone

Zip

Fax

e-mail

Primary Representative Name

/

Title

Address
City

State

Phone

Fax

Zip

e-mail

Alternate Representative Name

/

Title

Address
City

State

Phone

Fax

Zip

e-mail

Please describe your organization's interest in this Project Committee:

Please submit this form with copies of the "Application for Project Committee Organizational Representative
Membership" forms for each applicant listed above.
Submit completed forms to [e-mail] or fax to 678 539-2125

Rev. 10/09

Note: If applying for Individual membership, please complete the Individual Application for Project Committee Membership with your information.

ASHRAE0022816

EXHIBIT 33

EXHIBIT

ASH RAE Standard/Guideline Project Committee
Application for Individual Membership
Today's Date

Print or Type Name (Last, First, Middle Initial) below

Name of Applicant

ASIIRAE Member/Non .Member II) (ASHRAE Membership is

*Committee Position for Which You Are Applying: (sec below)

not a requirement unless applying for Chair or Vicc-Chair position)

WM-Project Committee Voting Member: SVM-Project Subcommittee Voting Member; NVM-Non-Voting Member; CON-Consultant, or Primary/Alternate Organizational Rep

I am applyine for Individual Membership on the following ASHRAE Project Committee: (Please use a separate form for each committee.)

Designation and Safety Classification of Refrigerants

SSPC 34

[71

SSPC 62.1

Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

SSPC 62.2

Ventilation and Acceptable Indoor Air Quality in Low-Rise Residential Buildings

SSPC 90.1

Energy Standard for Buildings Except Losv-Rise Residential Buildings

SSPC 90.2

Energy Efficient Design of Low-Rise Residential Buildings

SSPC 161

Air Quality Within Commercial Aircraft

Standard for the Design of High-Performance, Green Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
If you are applying for a committee other than those listed above, please enter committee information below and use theDefault Interesi Catewaries listed in
Section 4:
SPC 189.1

3. Bio Report (in the "Nlember Central" section of the ASHRAE websitc) and the Potential Sources of Bias/Corillict if Interest form:
Bio information current within a year from today. Date Bio information on ASHRAE's website was completed/updated:
I have completed and signed the Potential Sources of Bias/Conflict of hiterest form. Date forma was completed/updated:

4. If elected as a member of the Project Committee, I would qualify in the following Interest Category (check (ine):
(Descriptions of Interest Categories are on Page 2)

SSPC 62.1

SSPC 34

DEFAULT
El

Consulting Engineer/
Contractor/Architect

General Interest

0 Design/Builders

0 Compliance

0 General Interest

CI

Designer

I:=1

General interest

O

0 General Interest

El

General Interest

User

D

ProducerNendor

0

User

O

Manufacturer
Owner/Operamr/
Occupant

Supplier (category
may not be

0

manuractur,

0

O wner/Operator/

Occupant
User

DIndustry

with PC Chair)

0

User

I=1

El

a vai lab le-c heck

SSPC 90.2

SSPC 90.1

Design/Builders

Producer

El

SSPC 62.2

El

SSPC 161

0 Compliance

0 Plight Personnel

0 General Interest

0
0
0

D

General Interest

Industry.

1=I

IVIanufacturer

Producer

D

Owner/Operator

Utility

0

Passenger

Utility

SPC 189.1
El Compliance
12 Designer
Cieneral Interest

0 Industry
O User
utility

-PLEASE DO NOTAD!) INTEREST CATEGORIES-

5. By signing below, I certify that:
If elected as a menzber of any ASHRAE Standard or Guideline Project Committee or appointed as a consultant to such comnzittee,
hereby grant the Anzerican Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the non-exclusive, royaltyfree rights, including nonexclusive, royalty rights in copyright, to any contributions I make to documents prepared by or for such

committee Pr ASHRAE publication and I understand that I acquire 170 righis in publication of such documents in which my
contributions or other similar analogous fonn are used. I hereby attest that I have ¡he authority and I anz empowered to grant this
copyright release.

SIGNATURE
Note: This form is not valid unless signed by Applicant
submit Completed Form to: [e-mail]: Tel. [phone]; Fax [phone]
Last Revision: 10/09 - Page I
Note: If applying for Organizational membership. please complete the Application for Prelject Commitice Organizational Representative Membership with your information, and the
Application for PC Organizational Membership with information on the organization you will represent.

ASHRAE0022817

DEFINITIONS
Interest: the perspective of a member of a project committee, as judged by his or her present and past sources of income, fees, or reimbursements of
related expenses, in the context of the purpose and scope of the project committee. The perspective may also be judged by the recorded views of the
individual, or of any organization he/she is employed by or of which he/she is a member.

Interest categories: the principal (top) tier of interest classifications. For some standards projects, it may be appropriate to designate subcategories
of one or more interest category.

INTEREST CATEGORIES
Compliance: Persons primarily interested in compliance with the standard. A person in this category would make their living from developing
regulations, enforcing the requirements of the standard, developing, programs tied to the standard. or advocating the standard. Example members of
this category would be building code officials, building code organizations, state energy offices, and other local, state, and federal officials.
Designer: A designer of buildings, building systems or subsystems (including envelope, HVAC. lighting). A person in this category would make
their living from designing buildings and systems that are impacted by the standard. Example tnembers of this category would be architects, design
firins, consulting engineers, lighting designers and employees of energy consulting firms.

Designer/Builder: Those who pmvide building design and construction services, including consulting engineers, HVAC and general contractors,
design /build contractors, or representatives of associations of these types of professionals.
Flight Personnel: Individuals who are einployed by the airlines as part of the aircraft crew (pilots and flight attendants) or individuals employed by
Ihe airlines to maintain the aircraft, and the organizations that represent these individuals.
General Interest: Building regulatmy officials or their representatives, researchers, educators, IAQ specialists, and others with expertise in the fields
of ventilation and indoor air quality, as well as medical doctors, public health experts. industrial hygienists or representatives of associations of these
types of professionals. In addition, this category is intended for those who have interests other than those described in the other categories. Example
members of this category would be employees of research institutions, universities, nationally recognized testing laboratories, employees of energy
advocacy groups. and others with a general interest in energy utilization in buildings.

Industry: Construction firms or manufacturers, producers, or distributors of products or systems that would be installed in buildings. A person in
this category would make their living from constructing buildings or producing or distributing products impacted by this standard or representing
groups of manufacturers impacted by this standard. Example members of this category would be contractors, manufacturing firms, asseinbly firms,
distributors and wholesalers, and industry trade associations that represent these g,roups.

Manufacturer: Employees or representatives of manufacturers, distributors or trade associations of IIVAC equipment, I1VAC controls, and
equipment designed to enhance indoor air quality (e.g. air cleaners). Also, individuals associated with products used in thc constniction of buildings
(e.g., finishes, wall and floor coverings, wood products) and used within buildings by occupants (e.g., furniture and furnishings, tobacco products,
appliances, office equipment).

Owner/Operator/Occupant: Employees or representatives of building owners/managers. building engineers, facility managers, and consultants
who specialize in working in existing buildings (as opposed to those who design and construct new buildings), as well as representatives of building
occupants.

Passenger (As used by SPC 161): Individuals who pay to ride on aircraft, and the organizations that represent these individuals.

Producer: Those directly concerned with the production or distribution of the product or service involved, including industry associations
representing producers or distributors, or those receiving substantial support from a producer directly concerned.
Supplier: Employees of finns that provide maintenance sei-vices for HVAC systems owned by others. This would include engineers and consultants
with a primary job scope of specifying or supervising maintenance of HVAC systems owned by others. It would especially include contractors and
technicians who actually perfonn HVAC system services for hire. This group may also include representatives of associations the membership uf
which falls in this category.

User: Users of buildings and building systems and subsystems. A person in this category would make their living from owning or operating
buildings. Example members of this category would be building owners and operators (private and governmental), tenants, and trade associations or
organizations representing these groups.
Utility: Those who provide energy services to buildings impacted by this standard. A person in this category would make their living from providing
energy services to a building impacted by this standard. Example members of this category would be electric, gas, steam, or other utility and trade
associations or organizations representing these groups.

ASH RAE0022818

EXHIBIT 34

tax:

eieptione:

I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) the nonexclusive royalty rights, including non-exclusive rights in copyright, in my proposals. I understand that I acquire no -rights in
publication of the standard in which my proposals in this or other analogous form is used. I hereby attest that I have the
authority and am empowered to grant this copyright release.
Submilter's signature:

Date:

12/2212009

Rec'd: 12/22/09

All electionic submittals musihave the followink statement completid:
thrciugh this electronic sigytatnre,:herebY grant the American Society of Heating,:_12.efrigerginv, and AirCrinditipning Engineers (ASHKAE) the non exclusive royalty
inCluding non exclusiverigh4 cò:Pright,.in my
,
propOsals. I understand_thatI*uire no rights in publication of the standard in which my propöStilSin,thiS- or other
Oak-taus form is nsed I hereby attéit that I have the authciaty and am empowered to grant this copyright release
.

:

ASH RAE0022813

EXHIBIT 35

eiephone:

vax:

I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Eneineers, Inc. (ASHRAE) the nonexclusive royalty rights, including non-exclusive rights in copyright, in my proposals. I understand that I acquire no rights in
publication of the standard in which my proposals in this or other analogous form is used. I hereby attest that I have the
authority and am empowered to grant this copyright release.
Subinitter's signature:

Date:

12/22/2009

Rec' d: 12/22/09

All electronic sylNointtis.. nttothove the following sintentent contpleliii:
.

.

I
, thi'Ongh thiS.eleetrOiiic signaturehereby 'grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating iia AirQpiçiilipning Engineers' (ÄSI-IIkAt)'the non-exclualye:IiValtY. rights, inehiding non-exclusive
ini4j,right;'in . illy
..
.
:PropOsals..1. tinderstandffiat 1:acquire:no rit,,htS in nnblicatiOn Cif the Standard in which my pronOsalS.in.tiii$01'0110f
'analogeos form i:5 u$01. tlièretoylOttOtt that I have thian"flidif aiid amemnowered to grant thiS ebnyright felëa,Se.:......
, .. , ..
,

,

.

.

,..

.

.

.

ASHRAE0001618

EXHIBIT 36

CM SUBMITTAL FORM
NOTE: Use separate form for each conunent. Submittals (MS Word 2000 preferred) may be attached to e-mail
(preferred), submitted on diskettes or CD, or submitted in paper by mail or fax to ASHRAE, Manager of Standards,
1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [e-mail]. Fax [phone].
1.

Stibmitter:
Affiliation:

State:

City:

Address:
Country:
Telephone:

Fax:

Zip:

E-IVIail:

1 hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the, nonexclusive royalty rights, including non-exclusive rights in copyright, in my proposals. I understand that I acquire no
rights in publication of the standard in which my proposals in this, or other analogous, form is used. I hereby attest that I
have the authority and am empowered to grant this copyright release.
Submitter's signature: All electronic submittals must complete the following statement:
I (insert name)
, through this electronic signature,
hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the nonexclusive royalty rights, including non-exclusive royalty rights in copyright, in my proposals and I understand that I
acquire no rights in publication of this standard in which my proposals in this or other similar analogous form is
used. I hereby attest that I have the authority and am empowered to grant this copyright release.

Number and year of standard:
Clause (section), sub-clause or paragraph number; and page number:
I propose to:
(check one)

r i Change to read as follows
Add new text as follows

fi

[ ] Delete and substitute as follows
[ ] Delete without substitution

Use underscores to show material to be added (added) and strike through material to be deleted (de-lete,d). Use
additional pages if needed.
Proposed change:

Reason and substantiation:
7,

Will the proposed change increase tire cost of engineering or construction? If yes, provide a brief
explanation as to why the increase is justified.

[J Check if additional pages are attached. Number of additional pages:
[I Check if attachments or referenced materials cited in this proposal accompany this proposed change. Please
verify that all attachments and references are relevant, cuirent, and clearly labeled to avoid processing and review
delays. Please list your attachments here:

Revised 1-30-2006

ASHRAE0001601

EXHIBIT 37

EXHIBIT

FORM FOR COMMENTING ON A PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT
ASHRAE STANDARD, GUIDELINE OR ADDENDUM

/ÌVY

1

3b .175

PLEASE RETURN COMPLETED FORM BY JUNE 12, 200-1
Name:
Affiliation:
Address:

City:

Telephone:

Fax:

State:

Zip:

E-mail:

Designation and Title of First Public Review Draft: BSR/ASHRAE/IESNA Addendum al to ANSIJASI-IRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2001, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-l?ise Residential Buildings
NOTE: Use a separate fonn for each comment, completing each section (including Sections 1 and 2) to facilitate separate processing. ASHRAE encourages
original commentary on its standards. .A.11 comments must be accompanied by the commenter's signed release, as provided below. However, if conunenters
submit comments authored by others, those conunents must also be accompanied by a signed copyright release from the author of original comment. The
original comment author, representing commenters who have submitted duplicate conunents may be asked to engage in dialog supporting their position. All
commenters shall receive acknowledgment from ASHRAE of receipt of their comment, and may receive a response in the fonn of the resolution of the original
comment with that comment's author.

Copyright Release:
I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the non-exclusive royalty
rights, including non-exclusive royalty rights in copyright, in my proposals and I understand that I acquire no rights in publication of
this standard in which my proposals in this or other similar analogous form is used. I hereby attest that I have the authority and am
empowered to grant this copyright release.

Author's Signature:

Date

Check herc if V011 are sending Your signature (as required by this form) via fax or mail.

Clause or Subelause:
Comment:
(If a provision is proposed to be added, the text of the provision must be submitted in writing. If modification of a provision
is proposed, the proposed text must be submitted utilizing the strikeout/underline format. (Strikeout text to be deleted and
underline text to be added.) Please do not submit marked-up or highlighted copies of the standard.)

Substantiating Statements:
(Be brief; provide abstract of lengthy substantiation; full text should be enclosed for reference on request by project
committee members.)

[ ] Check if additional pages arc attached. Number of additional pages:
[ ] Check here if your comment is supportive in nature and does not require substantive changes in the current proposal in
order to resolve your comment. If you select this option, your continent will not require a response from the project
committee and will not be subject to the commenter response procedures.

NOTE: Use separate form for each comment. Submittals (MS Word preferred) may be attached to email. submitted on
diskettes, uploaded to ASHRAE's ftp site, or submitted in paper form by mail or fax to ASHRAE. Manager of Standards.
1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta. GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [e-mail].
Ftp server address: ftp.ashrae.org, directory: public.review.conunent. Fax [phone],
NOTE: To ensure receiving all notices provided for in the procedures, you are responsible for informing the ASHRAE
Standards Section when your contact information changes. Othenvise you may not receive responses to comments, right-

ASHRAE0001602

to-appeal notices, and any other notices that may be sent to commenters. To update your contact information, send an
email to [e-mail]. You must indicate which public review draft or drafts you are commenting on in
your email.
Rev. 03-01-2004

ASH RAE0001603

EXHIBIT

FORM FOR COMMENTING ON A PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT
ASHRAE STANDARD, GUIDELINE OR ADDENDUM

/ÌVY

1

3b .175

PLEASE RETURN COMPLETED FORM BY JUNE 12, 200-1
Name:
Affiliation:
Address:

City:

Telephone:

Fax:

State:

Zip:

E-mail:

Designation and Title of First Public Review Draft: BSR/ASHRAE/IESNA Addendum al to ANSIJASI-IRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2001, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-l?ise Residential Buildings
NOTE: Use a separate fonn for each comment, completing each section (including Sections 1 and 2) to facilitate separate processing. ASHRAE encourages
original commentary on its standards. .A.11 comments must be accompanied by the commenter's signed release, as provided below. However, if conunenters
submit comments authored by others, those conunents must also be accompanied by a signed copyright release from the author of original comment. The
original comment author, representing commenters who have submitted duplicate conunents may be asked to engage in dialog supporting their position. All
commenters shall receive acknowledgment from ASHRAE of receipt of their comment, and may receive a response in the fonn of the resolution of the original
comment with that comment's author.

Copyright Release:
I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the non-exclusive royalty
rights, including non-exclusive royalty rights in copyright, in my proposals and I understand that I acquire no rights in publication of
this standard in which my proposals in this or other similar analogous form is used. I hereby attest that I have the authority and am
empowered to grant this copyright release.

Author's Signature:

Date

Check herc if V011 are sending Your signature (as required by this form) via fax or mail.

Clause or Subelause:
Comment:
(If a provision is proposed to be added, the text of the provision must be submitted in writing. If modification of a provision
is proposed, the proposed text must be submitted utilizing the strikeout/underline format. (Strikeout text to be deleted and
underline text to be added.) Please do not submit marked-up or highlighted copies of the standard.)

Substantiating Statements:
(Be brief; provide abstract of lengthy substantiation; full text should be enclosed for reference on request by project
committee members.)

[ ] Check if additional pages arc attached. Number of additional pages:
[ ] Check here if your comment is supportive in nature and does not require substantive changes in the current proposal in
order to resolve your comment. If you select this option, your continent will not require a response from the project
committee and will not be subject to the commenter response procedures.

NOTE: Use separate form for each comment. Submittals (MS Word preferred) may be attached to email. submitted on
diskettes, uploaded to ASHRAE's ftp site, or submitted in paper form by mail or fax to ASHRAE. Manager of Standards.
1791 Tullie Circle, NE, Atlanta. GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [e-mail].
Ftp server address: ftp.ashrae.org, directory: public.review.conunent. Fax [phone],
NOTE: To ensure receiving all notices provided for in the procedures, you are responsible for informing the ASHRAE
Standards Section when your contact information changes. Othenvise you may not receive responses to comments, right-

ASHRAE0001602

to-appeal notices, and any other notices that may be sent to commenters. To update your contact information, send an
email to [e-mail]. You must indicate which public review draft or drafts you are commenting on in
your email.
Rev. 03-01-2004

ASH RAE0001603

EXHIBIT 38

EXHIBIT

FORM FOR COMMENTING ON A PUBLIC REVIEW DRAFT
ASHRAE STANDARD, GUIDELINE OR ADDENDUM
'PLEASE RETURN COMPLETED FORM BY JANUARY 10, 2005
1.

rI
>r,-->

,,?o

Name:
Affiliation:
Address:

State:

City:

Telephone:

Fax:

Zip:

E-mail:

Designation and Title of First Public Review Draft: BSR/ASIIRAE/IESNA Addendum a to ANSI/ASI-IRAE/IESNA
Standard 90.1-2004, Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings
NOTE: Use a separate form for each comment, completing each section (including Sections 1 and 2) to facilitate separate processing. ASHRAE encourages
original commentary on its standards. .411 comments must be accompanied by the commenter's signed release, as provided below. However, if commenters
submit comments authored by others, those comments must also be accompanied by a signed copyright release from the author of the original comment. The
original comment author, representing commenters who have submitted duplicate conunents may be asked to engage in dialog supporting their position. All
commenters shall receive acknowledgment from ASHRAE of receipt of their comment, and may receive a response in the form of the resolution of the original
comment with that comment's author.

2. Copyright Release:
I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the non-exclusive royalty
rights, including non-exclusive royalty rights in copyright, in my proposals and I understand that I acquire no rights in publication of
this standard in which my proposals in this or other similar analogous form is used. I hereby attest that I have the authority and am
empowered to grant this copyright release.

Author's Signature:

Date

E Check here if V011 are sending your signature (as required by this form) via fax or mail.

Clause or Subclause:
Comment:
(If a provision is proposed to be added, the text of the provision must be submitted in writing. If modification of a provision
is proposed, the proposed text must be submitted utilizing the strikeout/underline format. (Strikeout text to be deleted and
tmderline tex-t to be added.) Please do not submit marked-up or highlighted copies of the standard.)

Substantiating Statements:
(Be brief; provide abstract of lengthy substantiation; full text should be enclosed for reference on request by project
committee members.)

[ ] Check if additional pages are attached. Number of additional pages:
[J Check here if your comment is supportive in nature and does not require substantive changes in the currcnt proposal in
order to resolve your comment. If you select this option. your comment will not require a response from the project
committee and will not be subject to the commenter response procedures.
NOTE: Use separate form for each comment. Submittals (MS Word preferred) may be attached to email, submitted on
diskettes, uploaded to ASHRAE's ftp site, or submitted in paper form by mail or fax to ASHRAE, Manager of Standards,
1791 Tullie Circle, NE. Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: public.review.connnent ashrae.org.
Ftp server address: fip.ashrae.org, directory: public.review.connnent. Fax [phone].
NOTE: To ensure receiving all notices provided for in the procedures, you are responsible for informing the ASHRAE
Standards Section when your contact information changes. Othenvise you may not receive responses to comments, right-

ASH RAE0001606

to-appeal notices, and any other notices that may be sent to commenters. To update your contact information, send an
email to standards.section(aashrae.org. You must indicate which public review draft or drafts you are commenting on in
your email.
Rev. 03-01-2004

ASH RAE0001607

EXHIBIT 39

¡H
:
E

.1

FORM FOR SUBMITTAL OF PROPOSED CHANGE TO ASHRAE STANDARD
UNDER CONTINUOUS MAINTENANCE

NOTE: Use separate form for each comment. Submittals (MS Word 2000 preferred) may- be attached to e-mail (preferred),
submitted on diskettes or CD, or submitted in paper by mail or fax to ASHRAE, Manager of Standards, 1791 Tullie Circle,
NE, Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [e-mail]. Fax [phone].

EXHIBIT

Submitter:

(//P

Affiliation:

11517f>33v

Address:

State:

City:

Telephone:

Zip:

Country:

E-Mail:

Fax:

I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the non-exclusive royalty
rights, including non-exclusive rights in copyright, in my proposals. I understand that I acquire no rights in publication of the standard in
which my proposals in this, or other analogous, fonn is used. I hereby attest that I have the authority and am empowered to grant this
copyright release.

Submitter's signature:

Date:

Number and year of standard:
Clause (section), sub-clause or paragraph number; and page number:
I propose to:
(check one)

[j Change to read as follows
J] Add new text as follows

[ j Delete and substitute as follows
J] Delete without substitution

Use underscores to show material to he added (added) and strike throng)) material to be deleted (deletzd). Use additional pages if needed.

Proposed change:

Reason and substantiation:

Will the proposed change increase the cost of engineering or construction? If yes, provide a brief explanation as
to why the increase is justified.

I

I

Check if additional pages are attached. Number of additional pages:

[ ] Check if attachments or referenced materials cited in this proposal accompany this proposed change. Please verify that
all attachments and references are relevant. current, and clearly labeled to avoid processing and review delays. I'lease list
your attachments here:
May 13, 2003

ASHRAE0001600

EXHIBIT 40

CM SUBMITTAL FORM
NOTE: Use separate fonn for each comment. Submittals (MS Word 2000 preferred) may be attached to e-mail
(preferred). submitted on diskettes or CD, or submitted in paper by mail or fax to ASHRAE, Manager of Standards,
1791 Tullie Circle, NE. Atlanta, GA 30329-2305. E-mail: [e-mail]. Fax [phone].

Submitter:
Affiliation:
Address:
Country:

City:

State:

Fax:

Telephone:

Zip:

E-Mail:

I hereby grant the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the nonexclusive royalty rights, including non-exclusive rights in copyright, in my proposals. I understand that I acquire no
rights in publication of the standard in which my proposals in this, or other analogous, form is used. I hereby attest that I
have the authority and am empowered to grant this copyright release.
Submitter's signature: All electronic submittals must complete the following statement:
I (insert name)
, through this electronic signature.
hereby grant the American Society of Heating. Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) the nonexclusive royalty rights, including non-exclusive royalty rights in copyright, in my proposals and I understand that I
acquire no rights in publication of this standard in which my proposals in this or other similar analogous form is
used. I hereby attest that I have the authority and am empowered to grant this copyright release.

Number and year of standard:
Clause (section), sub-clause or paragraph number; and page number:
I propose to:
(check one)

[j Change to read as follows
[I Add new text as follows

[J Delete and substitute as follow s
[1 Delete without substitution

Use underscores to show material to be added (added) and strike through material to be deleted (deleted). Use
additional pages if needed.

Proposed change:
Reason and substantiation:
7

Will the proposed change increase the cost of engineeting or construction? If yes, pro vide a Met'
explanation as to why the increase is justified.

[J Check if additional pages are attached. Nwnber of additional pages:
[ 1 Check if attaclunents or referenced materials cited in this proposal accompany this proposed change. Please
verify that all attachments and references are relevant, current, and clearly labeled to avoid processing and review
delays. Please list your attachments here:

Revised 1-30-2006

ASH RAE0001604