AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATION, INC. et al v. PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC.

Filing 138

LARGE ADDITIONAL ATTACHMENT(S) by PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC. 136 Second MOTION for Summary Judgment filed by PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC., 137 SEALED MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE DOCUMENT UNDER SEAL filed by PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC. (This document is SEALED and only available to authorized persons.) filed by PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC.. (Attachments: # 1 Exhibit 1, # 2 Exhibit 2, # 3 Exhibit 3, # 4 Exhibit 4, # 5 Exhibit 5, # 6 Exhibit 6, # 7 Errata 7, # 8 Exhibit 8, # 9 Exhibit 9, # 10 Exhibit 10, # 11 Exhibit 11, # 12 Exhibit 12, # 13 Exhibit 13, # 14 Exhibit 14, # 15 Exhibit 15, # 16 Exhibit 16, # 17 Exhibit 17, # 18 Exhibit 18, # 19 Exhibit 19, # 20 Exhibit 20, # 21 Exhibit 21, # 22 Exhibit 22, # 23 Exhibit 23, # 24 Exhibit 24, # 25 Exhibit 25, # 26 Exhibit 26, # 27 Exhibit 27, # 28 Exhibit 28, # 29 Exhibit 29, # 30 Exhibit 30, # 31 Exhibit 31, # 32 Exhibit 32, # 33 Exhibit 33, # 34 Exhibit 34, # 35 Exhibit 35, # 36 Exhibit 36, # 37 Exhibit 37, # 38 Exhibit 38 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 39 Exhibit 39 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 40 Exhibit 40, # 41 Exhibit 41, # 42 Exhibit 42, # 43 Exhibit 43, # 44 Exhibit 44, # 45 Exhibit 45, # 46 Exhibit 46, # 47 Exhibit 47, # 48 Exhibit 48, # 49 Exhibit 49 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 50 Exhibit 50 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 51 Exhibit 51 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 52 Exhibit 52 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 53 Exhibit 53 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 54 Exhibit 54 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 55 Exhibit 55 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 56 Exhibit 56, # 57 Exhibit 57, # 58 Exhibit 58 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 59 Exhibit 59 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 60 Exhibit 60 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 61 Exhibit 61 FILED UNDER SEAL, # 62 Exhibit 62, # 63 Exhibit 63, # 64 Exhibit 64, # 65 Exhibit 65, # 66 Exhibit 66, # 67 Exhibit 67, # 68 Exhibit 68, # 69 Exhibit 69 FILED UNDER SEAL)(Bridges, Andrew)

EXHIBIT 67

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

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AMERICAN EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH
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ASSOCIATION, INC., ET AL.,
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PLAINTIFF,
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vs.
No. 1:14-CV-00857-TSC-DAR
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PUBLIC.RESOURCE.ORG, INC.,
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DEFENDANT.
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_____________________________
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VIDEOTAPED DEPOSITION OF
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JAMES R. FRUCHTERMAN
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CONFIDENTIAL
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Tuesday, September 8, 2015
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Reported By:
KATHLEEN WILKINS, CSR #10068, RPR-RMR-CRR-CCRR-CLR 25
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

APPEARANCES OF COUNSEL
FOR THE PLAINTIFFS:
QUARLES & BRADY LLP
BY: JONATHAN HUDIS, ESQ.
1700 K Street, NW, Suite 825
Washington, D.C. 20006
Telephone: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
and
OBLON, MCCLELLAND, MAIER & NEUSTADT,
L.L.P.
BY: KATHERINE D. CAPPAERT, ESQ.
1940 Duke Street
Alexandria, Virginia 22314
Telephone: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
FOR THE DEFENDANT:
FENWICK & WEST, LLP
BY: SEBASTIAN KAPLAN, ESQ.
555 California Street, 12th Floor
San Francisco, California 94104
Telephone: [phone]
E-mail: [e-mail]
ALSO PRESENT:
STEVE PATAPOFF, VIDEOGRAPHER

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VIDEOTAPED DEPOSITION OF JAMES R. FRUCHTERMAN
BE IT REMEMBERED that on Tuesday,

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September 8, 2015, commencing at the hour of

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9:21 a.m. thereof, at FENWICK & WEST, LLP, 801

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California Street, Mountain View, California,

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before me, Kathleen A. Wilkins,

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RPR-RMR-CRR-CCRR-CLR, a Certified Shorthand

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Reporter, in and for the State of California,

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personally appeared JAMES R. FRUCHTERMAN, a

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witness in the above-entitled court and cause,

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who, being by me first duly sworn, was thereupon

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examined as a witness in said action.

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INDEX
INDEX OF EXAMINATIONS
PAGE
EXAMINATION BY MR. HUDIS ......................9
AFTERNOON SESSION ...........................143
INDEX OF EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
Exhibit 48 Document entitled, ............12
"Subpoena to Testify in a
Civil Action"
Exhibit 49 Curriculum Vitae, James .......21
R. Fruchterman
Exhibit 50 Spreadsheet entitled, .........41
"Patents, Trademarks and
Copyrights of Calera
Recognition Systems,
Inc."
Exhibit 51 Spreadsheet entitled, .........50
"Patents and Trademarks
of RAF Technology, Inc."
Exhibit 52 Document entitled, ............68
"Patents and Trademarks
of Arkenstone, Inc."
//

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
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INDEX OF EXHIBITS (Continued)
EXHIBIT
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
Exhibit 53A United States Patent No. ......69
5,470,233
Exhibit 53B Document entitled, ............69
"Abstract of Title for
Application 08210239"
Exhibit 54 Spreadsheet entitled, .........98
"Trademarks and
Copyrights of Beneficent,
Inc."
Exhibit 55 Screenshots from .............143
Bookshare website
Exhibit 56 Document entitled, "The ......179
Chafee Amendment:
Improving Access to
Information"
Exhibit 57 Article entitled, ............185
"Developing Information
Technology to Meet Social
Needs"
Exhibit 58 Document entitled, ...........190
"Assistive Technology for
Visually Impaired and
Blind People"

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INDEX OF EXHIBITS (Continued)
EXHIBIT
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
Exhibit 62 Lexis reported version of ....237
the Second Circuit Court
of Appeals decision in
Authors Guild versus
HathiTrust reported at
755 F.3d 87
Exhibit 63 Document entitled, "The ......241
Internet Archive's Open
Library is violating
authors' copyrights"
Exhibit 64 Document entitled, ...........249
"Expert Report of James
R. Fruchterman"
EXHIBITS PREVIOUSLY MARKED
AND REFERRED TO IN THIS DEPOSITION
EXHIBIT
PAGE
Exhibit 34
304
QUESTIONS WITNESS INSTRUCTED NOT TO ANSWER
PAGE LINE
221 8
227 4

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INDEX OF EXHIBITS (Continued)
EXHIBIT
DESCRIPTION
PAGE
Exhibit 59 Document entitled, ...........208
"Declaration of James
Fruchterman in Support of
Motion For Summary
Judgment"
Exhibit 60 Document entitled, ...........208
"Supplemental Declaration
of James Fruchterman In
Support of Defendant
Intervenors' Opposition
to Plaintiffs' Motion For
Summary Judgment"
Exhibit 61 Westlaw reported version .....229
of district court opinion
in the Authors Guild,
Inc. versus HathiTrust,
et al., reported at 902
F.Supp.2d 445

//

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September 8, 2015
9:21 A.M.
PROCEEDINGS
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Good morning. Here
begins Tape No. 1 in the video deposition of
James Fruchterman in the matter of American
Educational Research Association, Incorporated, et
al., versus Public.Resource.Org, Incorporated, in
the U.S. District Court of the District of
Columbia, Case Number 1:14-CV-00857-TSC-DAR.
Today's date is September 8th, 2015.
Time on the video monitor is 9:21 a.m. The
videographer today is Steve Patapoff representing
Planet Depos. The video deposition is taking
place at Fenwick & West, 801 California Street,
Mountain View, California.
Would counsel please voice-identify
themselves and state whom they represent.
MR. HUDIS: Jonathan Hudis,
Quarles & Brady, LLP, for plaintiffs.
MS. CAPPAERT: Katherine Cappaert from
Oblon, LLP, for plaintiffs.
MR. KAPLAN: Sebastian Kaplan,
Fenwick & West, LLP, for defendant
Public.Resource.Org, Incorporated.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Court reporter today

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
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is Kathleen Wilkins representing Planet Depos.
Would the reporter please swear in the
witness.
JAMES R. FRUCHTERMAN,
having been duly sworn,
was examined and testified as follows:
EXAMINATION BY MR. HUDIS
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Good morning, sir. Would you state your
full name and address for the record.
A. James Robert Fruchterman, Jr.
1850 Middlefield Road, Palo Alto, California.
Q. And is that your business address or
your home address?
A. My home address.
Q. Could I have your business address,
please.
A. My business address is 4780 California
Avenue, Palo Alto, California.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I am here -- my name is
Jonathan Hudis, representing the plaintiffs in an
action in which you've been designated as an
expert witness.
My colleague, Katherine Cappaert, is
here with me and will be working with me during

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Correct. And your counsel is right,
unless it's about privilege.
If at any point you come to realize that
an answer that you've already given during the
day, Mr. Fruchterman, is not completely correct,
will you please let me know, and I will give you
an opportunity to correct that answer.
A. Yes.
Q. Is there any reason, whether by taking
medication or illness, that you cannot testify
completely, accurately and truthfully today?
A. No.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, have you been deposed
before?
A. Yes.
Q. When?
A. In the last month or two, once.
Q. Was that in the ASTM case?
A. Yes.
Q. And that case is also pending in DC,
federal court?
A. I'm not familiar with what court it's
in.
Q. And that case is also pending against

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the deposition.
Before we get started, a couple of
deposition rules which I'd like you to
acknowledge.
You understand you're giving testimony
under oath?
A. Yes.
Q. The court reporter, you understand, is
taking down everything that you're saying?
A. Yes.
Q. We'll need audible responses from you,
so no nods or gestures.
A. Yes.
Q. If at any point you do not understand a
question, please let me know, and I will try to
clarify the question for you.
A. Okay.
Q. All right. If you need a break for any
reason, please let me know, and we can provide you
that break. Except if there is a question
pending, you must answer the question before we
take the break.
A. Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: Unless it's about
privilege.

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Public.Resource.Org, Inc.?
A. Yes, that's my understanding.
Q. Is that the only time you've been
deposed?
A. Yes.
Q. Have you ever testified at a trial
before?
A. No.
MR. HUDIS: I'd like the court reporter
to now mark as Plaintiff's Exhibit Fruchterman 48.
Counsel.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 48 was
marked for identification.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I now place in front of
you what's been marked as Deposition Exhibit 48.
Have you seen this deposition subpoena
of Exhibit 48 that is directed to you before
today?
A. No, I don't believe so.
Q. How is it you were made aware that you
were testifying today?
A. Through counsel.
Q. All right. What did you do to prepare
for testifying today?

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
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MR. KAPLAN: And I'll object to the
extent that the question calls for privileged
communications or other information protected by
Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26 and instruct
the witness to answer only to the extent that it
does not involve communications with counsel.
THE WITNESS: I reread my expert report.
I read the rebuttal report from plaintiff's
expert.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Anything else?
A. Nothing beyond the things I can
disclose.
Q. Okay.
MR. KAPLAN: Jonathan, if you don't
mind.
To clarify my instruction, you can
mention the existence of conversations that we
had, just not their content.
THE WITNESS: So I have also spoken with
counsel.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. And that was the
Fenwick & West counsel?
A. Correct.

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A. No.
Q. Did you speak with Mr. Malamud to
prepare to testify today?
A. No.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Asked and
answered.
THE WITNESS: I will try to pause.
Sorry.
MR. KAPLAN: Got to give me -THE WITNESS: Yeah, you're not in that
rhythm yet.
MR. HUDIS: Come on. Got to catch up.
Q. How long do you think you took to
prepare by reading the two reports and their
attachments?
A. Less than two hours total for the
reading.
Q. And that is the sum total of the
documents you reviewed to prepare to testify?
A. Yes.
And I believe in this entire line of
questioning, we're talking about in preparation
for this deposition, since the creation of my
expert report.
Q. That is correct, sir.

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Q. All right. Did you speak with any of
the counsel from EFF, Electronic Frontier
Foundation, to prepare to testify?
A. No. Well, just to be accurate, not in
months. So ...
Q. All right. So just to clarify, you were
told by counsel you were going to be testifying
today, but you haven't seen the deposition
subpoena of Exhibit 48 before?
A. Correct.
Q. Besides reviewing your expert report and
the rebuttal expert report, did you review any
other documents to prepare to testify today?
A. Only those attached to those reports.
Q. Okay. So let me ask it as a fuller
question.
A. Mh-hmm.
Q. Other than reviewing your expert report
and its attachments and the rebuttal report and
its attachments, did you read anything else in
order to prepare to testify today?
A. No.
Q. To prepare to testify today, did you
speak with anyone else except the lawyers at
Fenwick & West?

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A. Okay. Then my -- my testimony has been
accurate so far.
Q. All right. Since you were retained to
be an expert witness in this case, have you read
the pleadings, meaning the complaint, the answer
and the reply?
A. No.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, what is the highest
level of your education?
A. A master's degree.
Q. Okay. And based upon reviewing some of
your papers and your expert witness report, you
received a bachelor's degree from the California
Institute of Technology?
A. Correct.
Q. And that was a bachelor's of science in
engineering in 1980?
A. Correct.
Q. What was your major?
A. I would say electrical engineering.
Q. Did you have a minor during your
undergraduate studies?
A. No.
Q. Did you have what's called a
concentration during your undergraduate studies?

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
5 (Pages 17 to 20)
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A. I simultaneously got a master's in
applied physics while completing my bachelor's, so
I would say applied physics might fall in that
category.
Q. So you also received a master's degree
from California Institute of Technology?
A. Correct.
Q. And that was in 1980?
A. Correct.
Q. And that was a master of science in
applied physics?
A. Correct.
Q. Now, for your master's, did you have a
major?
A. Caltech didn't have a major under the
applied physics degree.
Q. Do you have a minor for your master's?
A. They didn't have minors.
Q. And did you have a concentration for
your master's?
A. Informally, I focused on optics and
lasers over other areas of applied physics.
Q. Now, you did start studies towards a
Ph.D.?
A. Correct.

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electrical engineer?
A. Yes.
Q. And that was the project where the
rocket blew up?
A. Correct.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, just to outline the
extent of your formal school training, you do not
have any formal school training in psychology?
A. Correct.
Q. And you do not have any formal school
training in psychometrics?
A. Correct.
Q. You don't have any formal school
training in educational or achievement tests or
measures?
A. Correct.
Q. And you do not have any formal education
in psychological tests or measures?
A. Correct.
Q. Now, your resume notes that you have
several -- you had several engineering positions
with the following companies: Phoenix
Engineering, Inc.?
A. Yes.
Q. What years was that?

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Q. And that was at Stanford?
A. Yes.
Q. And that was from 1980 to 1981?
A. Correct.
Q. That was in electrical engineering?
A. Yes.
Q. Do you recall what courses you took
towards your Ph.D.?
A. No. It would have been in the applied
physics and electrical engineering directions, for
the most part.
Q. And you did not obtain your Ph.D.?
A. Correct.
Q. Why not?
A. I took a leave of absence to join a
private rocket company.
Q. And that was G.H.C., Inc.?
A. G.C.H., Inc.
Q. G.C.H., Inc. Sorry for my dyslexia.
And that was the -- I don't know if I'm
spelling -- pronouncing this right -- Percheron?
A. Correct pronunciation, yes.
Q. Thank you.
All right. And that was the Percheron
private enterprise rocket project, as an

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A. '81-'83.
Q. 1981 to 1983?
A. Correct.
Q. What type of company was it?
A. It was a private enterprise rocket
company.
Q. Where was it located?
A. Santa Clara -- certainly -- Santa Clara
County. Certainly this area.
Q. What was your job title at Phoenix?
A. I had a -- I was vice president.
Q. What were your job responsibilities?
A. I don't recall.
Q. What did you do there?
A. Tried to raise money to start a rocket
company.
Q. Do you remember anything else you did?
A. I probably was involved with the
finances. We tested some prototype rocket
engines. And I spent most of my time trying to
raise money, which we were unsuccessful in doing.
MR. HUDIS: Off the record.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Going off the record
at 9:34.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
6 (Pages 21 to 24)
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THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Back on the record at
9:37.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So while we were off the record,
Mr. Fruchterman, my colleague noted that I was a
little dilatory in marking your resume. So we're
discussing your background. You might as well
have your resume in front of you.
A. Okay. Thank you.
MR. HUDIS: I'd like the court reporter
to mark as Deposition Exhibit Fruchterman 49.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 49 was
marked for identification.)
THE WITNESS: Okay. Thank you.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, do you recognize this
document?
A. I do.
Q. What is it?
A. My resume.
Q. All right. So we were discussing your
background, and we finished discussing your
engineering position with Phoenix Engineering.
Let's go on to G.C.H., Inc.
A. All right.

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responsibilities.
Q. And you were employed at the IBM T.J.
Watson Research Center?
A. Correct.
Q. What type of company was that?
A. IBM is a large computer company.
Q. All right. What did -- was that a
division, the Watson Research Company?
A. The Watson Research Center -Q. Center.
A. -- is -- was one of IBM's major research
centers.
Q. And at that research center, what did
they do at the time you were employed there?
A. Well, this is a large research center
with a couple thousand of employees, so they did a
whole bunch of different things.
Q. What did you do?
A. I worked on photoacoustic microscopy.
Q. And if you could define what that is,
please.
A. Making dust scream. So our task was to
detect dust on top of silicon wafers that would be
hard to see, sort of visual inspection, by hitting
them with a pulsed laser that would cause the dust

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Q. All right. And what type of company was
that?
A. It was a private company, probably a C
corp, I'm guessing.
Q. What business was it in?
A. In the business of building a private
enterprise rocket.
Q. How long were you with the company?
A. Under one year.
Q. What year -- what year was that?
A. 1981 -- probably -- I was probably only
employed during 1981.
Q. What was your job title?
A. Electrical engineer.
Q. And what were your responsibilities at
G.H.C.?
A. At G.C.H., my responsibilities -Q. G.C.H.
A. No problem.
-- were to design remote fuel loading
systems to fuel up the rocket, telemetry systems
to collect data about the rocket's performance, a
remote igniting system and a command destruct
system to blow up the rocket if it went off
course. Yeah. That was my main -- top

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to heat up and emit sound, which we could then
detect. So it was an inspection technique to
improve silicon wafer -- reduce defects,
basically.
MR. KAPLAN: Kathleen, I was wrong. We
are going to talk about semiconductors.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What year was this? Or years.
A. This would have been '80, '81. This was
the summer -- it was a summer internship between
my master's and my -- starting up my Ph.D. program
at Stanford.
Q. So that was the summer of '80 or summer
or '81?
A. The summer of '80.
Q. Did you have a job title there?
A. Some variation on summer intern. I
don't recall the exact title.
Q. Have you told me all about your job
responsibilities at the Watson Research Center at
the time you were employed there?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Certainly that was the
main project I worked on, and I wasn't engaged to
work on any other major projects.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
7 (Pages 25 to 28)
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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And you were employed at the General
Motors Company?
A. Two summers, while -- while doing my
engineering degree.
Q. Which summers?
A. That would have been the summers of '78
and '79.
Q. You were an intern?
A. Yes.
Q. What projects did you work on?
A. I only remember one project, which was
to build a fast start system for a diesel engine,
so that the engine would start faster when you
turn on the ignition. Often called a glow plug.
Q. Do you remember any other projects you
worked on?
A. No.
Q. And you worked at the NASA Jet
Propulsion Laboratory?
A. Correct.
Q. When was that?
A. I'm going to say '77 through '79, but I
am not exactly sure. It was also during my
undergraduate work at -- at Caltech. I was a

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A. Correct.
Q. When was that?
A. The summer of 1977.
Q. What did they do there at the Fermi
National Accelerator Laboratory while you were
there?
A. They -- they ran a large accelerator,
and they designed physics experiments to detect
elementary particles.
Q. What was your job title there?
A. Something like student intern or summer
intern.
Q. What did you do there?
A. Primarily worked on instruments,
maintenance of instruments, upgrading of
instruments.
Q. What kind of instruments?
A. Well, the largest and longest-term
project was on a multiwire proportional chamber.
Q. What did it do?
A. Detected signals from elementary
particles.
Q. Sounds?
A. More electrical signals. The -- it was
a large frame, maybe four by six, that had many

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student research associate for Dr. Bruce Murphy -Murray, who was then the director of JPL.
Q. Do you remember what you did for
Dr. Murray?
A. I worked on the Spacel photographic data
retrieval system which held imagery from the
Viking missions, primarily.
Q. I think for the court reporter, you're
going to have to spell out the name of that
device.
A. Spacel, like the word "space" plus an L
at the end. Are we otherwise good, or do you need
more?
THE REPORTER: I'm sorry?
THE WITNESS: Do you need any more or is
that enough?
(Discussion held off record.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you remember any other
responsibilities you had working for Dr. Murray at
the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory?
A. That was my primary project there, and I
don't recall any others.
Q. And you worked at the Fermi National
Accelerator Laboratory?

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different wires. You put it in, I believe, a
noble gas environment with a bunch of other
things, and you detected the path of the particle
by hitting some of these gas atoms, and then that
would create a ionization that would create a
signal on the wires, so you would actually be able
to measure the track through the -- through the
space.
Q. So other than what is on your resume on
the first page, are there any other companies you
worked for that are -- that are not listed here
since graduating from Caltech?
A. Yes. There were additional positions,
all -- all either ones that I did while trying to
start companies or companies that didn't get
started.
Q. What field of endeavor were these
companies that you tried to get started?
A. Technology.
Q. Any particular technology?
A. Well, they would have related to either
electrical engineering or to computer science and
at least one semiconductor company.
Q. Any particular projects that you
remember working on in starting up these companies

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
8 (Pages 29 to 32)
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as you sit here today?
A. Oh, many ideas. Microfluidics, math and
science simulation software, more pattern
recognition companies, but none of these reached
the point of where I was actually employed,
because they never got started.
Q. Could you define for us microfluidics?
A. It's a semiconductor-based technology
for moving gases or fluids rather than electrical
current, but under the control of electrical
signals.
Q. Any other notable projects in your
working background that you haven't told us about?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I taught night school, in
computer programming. I crawled under houses as
part of helping homeowners understand more of
their earthquake risks. But those were back in
the early '80s, when I was trying to get my first
company really going.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Since it's a fair part of your expert's
report, Mr. Fruchterman, in simple terms could you
please define what is "optical character
recognition" and what does it do?

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common.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What is the most common?
A. Having digitally created content that
stays digital and then is searched.
Q. So, for example -MR. KAPLAN: Can I just interject. For
the court reporter, you had my objection as
"compound." It was "competence." I just wanted
to make sure we had that on the record.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So, for example, Mr. Fruchterman, a
document created in Microsoft Word would be a
method of creating searchable digital text?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It would be a great source
document to put into a system that analyzed
documents for full text. I'm not sure -- could
you repeat the question.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Yes.
So, for example, a document created in
Microsoft Word would be a method of creating
searchable digital text?

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A. So optical character recognition is the
process of having a machine recognizing letters
and words, generally from documents, though it can
be from other objects, and translating those into
the letter or word equivalent so that those things
can be processed.
So the most common application of
optical character recognition is scanning, let's
say, a page of a document and turning it into a
word processor file that is the equivalent of what
you would have done if you had typed it in, but
the machine, instead, had it scanned and then took
the picture of the page and turned it into the
text of the page.
Q. So for the remainder of this deposition,
if I use the initials "OCR," we'll understand that
to mean "optical character recognition"?
A. Yes.
Q. Is OCR a common method of creating
searchable digital copies of texts?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Competence.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: It is the most common form
when the source document is in physical or solely
image-based form, but it's probably not the most

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes. I would say that's
pretty true.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Thank you for your candor.
Mr. Fruchterman, was the OCR process
first developed by Ray Kurzweil?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Competence.
THE WITNESS: No, that's not my
understanding. But he was a noteworthy inventor
along a spectrum of inventors that progressively
improved the practice of optical character
recognition.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the OCR process that was developed
by Ray Kurzweil used to create a reading machine
for the blind?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Competence.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. I'd like to turn back, Mr. Fruchterman,
to your resume and talk about the noted companies

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
9 (Pages 33 to 36)
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with which you have been associated, starting with
Calera Recognition Systems and working up towards
Benetech.
So is Benetech -- excuse me, is Calera
Recognition Systems, Inc., still in business
today?
A. It merged into a company that is still
extant today.
Q. All right. Is the company, Calera
Recognition Systems, Inc., as that company was
known between 1982 and 1989, still in existence
today?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Competence.
THE WITNESS: Not by that name.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. What type of company was
Calera Recognition Systems when it was in business
under that name?
A. It was a optical character recognition
company.
Q. What products did it make at the time
you were affiliated with Calera?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.

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A. No.
Q. Are there other responsibilities you had
in that role as vice president of finance?
A. Yes. I was also a technical founder.
So during that time period, I wrote software code.
I worked a great deal with customers.
Q. In what capacity?
A. In technology companies, there's usually
a salesperson and a tech person when you're doing
a major sale to a company like Hewlett-Packard. I
would have been that tech person. So an executive
with a technology background combined with a sales
executive, and together we would work on the care
and feeding of that account and hopefully getting
their business.
Q. Have you told me all of your duties and
responsibilities as founder and vice president of
finance -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. -- at Calera at the time you were
employed there?
A. That was a great majority of my
responsibilities. Nothing else occurs to me.
Q. And you were the vice president of

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THE WITNESS: A series of OCR products.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What services, if any, did Calera
recognition systems render to customers?
A. Calera was primarily a product sales
company, but it did provide maintenance services
and product customization services to its
customers.
Q. And according to your resume, which
we've marked as Exhibit 49, you were the founder,
vice -- vice president of finance from 1982 to
1988?
A. Correct.
Q. What were your responsibilities as vice
president, finance?
A. I had, I'd say, the typical
responsibilities of a chief financial officer,
which was to participate in the raising of
capital, the accounting systems, financial
controls, reporting. So those were my primary
financial responsibilities while I was in that
role.
Q. Have you told me all the
responsibilities you can recall when you were in
that role?

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marketing for Calera from 1987 through 1989?
A. Correct.
Q. What were your responsibilities in that
role at that time?
A. Primarily product marketing. So what
features the product should have, how it should be
communicated to the customers, relationships with
the press. Those would be the primary
responsibilities.
Q. Are there any other responsibilities
that you had as vice president of marketing that
you haven't told me that you can recall now?
A. No.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, what is or was
Omnifront Character Recognition Technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
THE WITNESS: Different vendors use that
term different ways. It was Calera's primary
initial claim to primacy in the OCR market, which
was that our character recognition recognized all
fonts without needing to be trained on those fonts
or having those fonts be in some way memorized in
memory. And so that was our primary edge, which
made a pretty powerful product.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
10 (Pages 37 to 40)
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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Just so we have a working definition,
please define, as you understand it, what a "font"
is.
A. So in the field of typography, when you
were preparing a printed document, you have font.
Designers design different looks for fonts, and
fonts have many different properties.
And so a font is a group of a complete
character set that might be all the different
letters or symbols that you might want to have be
represented in that font, and then a font is
essentially a -- has a similar design feeling
across all of those characters. For example, is
it tall and narrow or squat and wide or have
serifs, attached letters or not.
Q. By way of example, Times Roman is a type
of font?
A. Correct.
Q. And Courier New is a type of font?
A. Yes.
Q. And Helvetica is a type of font?
A. Yes.
Q. As a product of Calera Recognition
Systems, what is or was WordScan?

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THE WITNESS: Sorry.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What was Calera's purpose of selling
WordScan and TrueScan to customers?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Competence.
THE WITNESS: So this is -- Calera,
during this time period, released a series of
products, and the general characteristic of that
progression was that they got better and cheaper
and required less resources.
So the original product was 40- or
$50,000 and was the size of three or four
breadboxes. TrueScan was a coprocessor card that
cost maybe $5,000, and WordScan was an OCR
software product that required no hardware, that
was perhaps $1,000 when it was launched.
So there was just the same capabilities
getting better in a different format for
delivering OCR to a customer.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. Now, you left Calera in 1989?
A. Correct.
Q. Okay. Why?
A. I was unhappy and wanted to do something

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
MR. HUDIS: Well, I don't know if it's
still in existence, Counsel.
THE WITNESS: So WordScan was -- was
Calera's software OCR product as opposed to one
that had hardware attached to it.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. As a product of Calera Recognition
Systems, what is or was TrueScan?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
THE WITNESS: TrueScan -MR. KAPLAN: Just preserving.
MR. HUDIS: Go on, Counsel.
THE WITNESS: Whatever you guys are
doing.
TrueScan was the hardware version of OCR
that preceded WordScan in the product line
evolution of Calera.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And was it the intent of Calera at that
time that TrueScan and WordScan would work
together as a software-hardware package?
A. No.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Go ahead.

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new.
Q. Now, Calera Recognition Systems was
acquired by Caere, C-A-E-R-E, Recognition Systems
in 1994?
A. That's my rough understanding. And it's
pronounced "Caere."
Q. Caere?
A. As if it didn't have the extra "E," yes.
But, yes, I remember that they were
acquired in the early '90s.
Q. And that was for a sale price of
$35 million?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lack of
foundation. Competence.
THE WITNESS: That order of magnitude.
It varied on when you priced the deal, 'cause
Caere's stock as a public company varied from the
time the deal was announced to when it was
consummated.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is 35 million approximately the sale
price of the company?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes. But I also heard
50 million when the stock price was higher.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
11 (Pages 41 to 44)
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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So it could have been anywhere from 35
to $50 million?
A. In that range, yeah.
Q. Were -- to the best of your knowledge,
were Calera's patents and trademarks part of the
assets that were sold to Caere?
A. I -- I'm assuming so. I don't have
knowledge to the contrary.
Q. Do you know whether Caere itself was
later acquired by a speech recognition company
called Nuance Communications?
A. Yes. It's my understanding that Nuance
is the surviving company of that merger.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 50 was
marked for identification.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I've now put in front
of you what has been marked as Exhibit 50. And
we're going to go off the record for a few seconds
so that you can at least familiarize yourself with
the document.
MR. KAPLAN: No, we're not.
MR. HUDIS: We're not?
MR. KAPLAN: No.

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Q. And if we can turn to the first page of
Exhibit 50, do you recognize the title of that
patent as being owned by Calera Recognition
Systems at one time?
A. It's consistent with technology that was
in use at Calera while I was there, and
Mindy Bokser was an engineer who was there while I
was there. I don't know this precise content of
this particular patent.
MR. HUDIS: Let's go off the record.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Going off the record
at 10:06.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Back on the record at
12:10 -- I'm sorry, 10:12.
THE WITNESS: Time flies when you're
having fun.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Another dyslexic.
MR. KAPLAN: We'll take it.
MR. HUDIS: Two for two.
THE WITNESS: Okay.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: 10:12.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. So, Mr. Fruchterman, after you
left Calera Recognition Systems, you went to work

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MR. HUDIS: I don't want to burn up time
for him just reading a document.
MR. KAPLAN: Well, if there's parts that
you want him to review -MR. HUDIS: Yes, I do.
MR. KAPLAN: -- I mean, you can point
him to those parts if you want him to have a
general understanding of the document.
THE WITNESS: I'm ready to go if there's
questions.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. Sure. Okay. All right.
So, Mr. Fruchterman, do you -- let's
take the trademarks first.
Do you recognize the trademarks listed
on Exhibit 50 as trademarks of Calera Recognition
Systems?
A. Yes, I -- I recall those trademarks,
yes.
Q. And on pages 4 and 5, do you recognize
those as copyrights of Calera? This is in
Exhibit 50.
A. Yes. They are consistent with my
recollection of copyrightable material that Calera
would have produced.

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for RAF Technology, Inc.?
A. Yes.
Q. What type of company was RAF?
A. An optical character recognition company
and pattern recognition company.
Q. Patent recognition?
A. Pattern. Pattern recognition.
Q. In this context, Mr. Fruchterman, what
is pattern recognition?
A. It's a more general form than optical
character recognition, where you're looking for
patterns rather than -- rather than just letters.
So, for example, RAF worked on recognizing rare
coins and whale tails.
Q. All right. And a whale tail is a?
MR. KAPLAN: Whale tail.
THE WITNESS: A tail of a whale. To
identify -BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Oh, a whale tail.
A. Yes.
Q. As in the big large mammal that swims in
the ocean?
A. That's right. To recognize individuals
by the scars on their tails as being able to

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
12 (Pages 45 to 48)
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identify them. So many different things that
pattern recognition can be used to do.
Q. What kinds of products, if any, did RAF
make?
A. So RAF did a lot of custom products,
which I've already described. The primary
products would be in the area of recognizing
letters and forms for large-scale document
processing, such as routing the mail or scanning
forms that might be used in business or
government.
Q. And in your last answer, when you said
"recognizing letters," do you mean letters of the
alphabet or as in I wrote a letter to so-and-so?
A. Well, both. We recognize letters as in
doing optical character recognition, and we
recognize addresses on letters that people want
routed to a certain destination by doing optical
character recognition plus doing a bunch of
processing related to knowing that it's an
address.
Q. And who were the major customers of
RAF's products at the time you were there?
A. Postal services and service bureaus that
process a lot of documents.

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recognizing things as counterfeit, helping the
U.S. Treasury track fraud. And that's -- I've
described the majority of the customers and kinds
of services, but if someone came to RAF with
something that needed pattern recognition help,
they would probably have a great conversation and
take their money, so ...
Q. So you were the president, CEO and
founder from 1989 through 1995 at RAF?
A. Correct.
Q. And you were the vice president,
finance, and CFO from 1989 to 2004?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. Let's divide out your
responsibilities in the two roles.
What were your responsibilities at RAF
as president, CEO and founder?
A. Business strategy. Customer relations.
Some technology, but I was primarily more of a
relationship person than a developer at that
stage. So I made deals with customers, business
development.
Q. And what were your duties and
responsibilities as vice president of finance and
CFO at RAF?

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Q. When you say process documents, for what
purpose?
A. Diverse purposes. But probably the most
common one was doing presorting of mass mailings
to get a postal discount.
Q. What services, if any, do you recall RAF
rendering to its customers at the time you were
there?
A. RAF is primarily a product company, and
so they would sell products. And then they would
sell associated services, such as maintenance,
database maintenance. If you were going to route
the mail, you have to repeatedly meet certain
postal standards about accuracy of routing the
mail, and so you would get a database update that
had passed the latest test.
Custom character sets. And I don't
remember if we did Icelandic, but if we did
Icelandic, you'd have to add a few characters that
the Icelanders use. Some custom products.
Handwriting recognition was a feature
that we developed for certain customers and
productized. And there were non-OCR or pattern
recognition -- well, there were non -- there were
also products and services around, I don't know,

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A. Similar to the standard ones of a chief
financial officer. So overseeing legal and
administrative and financial responsibilities for
the company. Maintaining the books. Preparing
reports. Negotiating contracts.
Retaining counsel -- which I left out of
my Calera list of things I was responsible for. I
was also overseeing all the legal affairs for
Calera as well as for RAF.
Q. To the best of your recollection, have
you told me all of the main duties and
responsibilities as your -- in your position as
vice president of finance and CFO of RAF?
A. Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Sorry.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And have you told me, to the best of
your recollection, the main duties and
responsibilities you had at RAF as president, CEO
and founder?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And you are currently a director of RAF

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
13 (Pages 49 to 52)
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Technology?
A. Correct.
Q. And you've been so since 1989?
A. Correct.
Q. As a product of RAF Technology, what is
or was Argosy Post?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
THE WITNESS: Argosy Post was the
address recognition product targeted at companies
that processed or were in the postal business. So
that included organizations called service bureaus
that do this presorting for postal, OEM customers,
like Pitney Bowes, that produce postal equipment,
that would want it.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And "OEM" is original equipment
manufacturer?
A. Correct. So our technology would go
into their postal solution that they would sell to
postal services or to service bureaus as well.
Q. And in context of your last answer, a
"solution" is a product?
A. Yes.
Q. As a product of RAF Technology, what is
or was its complementary processing technology?

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MR. KAPLAN: And that would be the same
as Exhibit 50?
MR. HUDIS: That is true.
THE WITNESS: I'm ready to answer
questions about the document.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, on pages 1 through 4,
do you recognize these as patents that were issued
to RAF Technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Compound.
THE WITNESS: Without reading each one
line by line, they all seem -- the ones that I'm
spot-checking all seem consistent with the areas
that RAF works in and the names of engineers and
inventors at RAF that I am familiar with.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And from pages 4 through 8 of
Exhibit 51, do you recognize these as pending
patent applications of RAF Technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Compound.
THE WITNESS: Similar to my prior
answer, the topics and the inventors are all
familiar based on spot-checking these, without

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
THE WITNESS: I actually don't recall
that particular term at RAF.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Would it refresh your recollection if I
told you that complementary processing technology
was used by RAF Technology in mail recognition and
sorting operations?
A. I don't know the marketing terms they
use. We talk more about the customers and the
technical problems that we solve rather than sort
of the marketing content. But it would seem
consistent with what RAF does.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 51 was
marked for identification.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I now place in front of
you what's been marked as Exhibit 51. And I'd
like you to just familiarize yourself with the
document.
MR. KAPLAN: Mr. Hudis, am I correct to
understand that this is something your office
created?
MR. HUDIS: Yes. From publicly
available information.

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reading them comprehensively.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. On pages 8 and 9 of Exhibit 51, do you
recognize these as trademarks registered to RAF
Technology?
A. Yeah.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Compound.
THE WITNESS: Yes. All of these
trademarks are familiar to me.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And pages 9 through 10, do you recognize
that list as pending trademark applications of RAF
Technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Compound.
THE WITNESS: Yes. They all look
familiar to me from my service on the board at
RAF.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. Done with that one.
Mr. Fruchterman, if you could pull out
your resume again. That was Exhibit 49.
A. Okay.
Q. Thank you.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
14 (Pages 53 to 56)
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A. All right.
Q. According to your resume, Exhibit 49,
Mr. Fruchterman, you worked at a company called
Arkenstone, Inc., from 1989 through 2000?
A. Yes.
Q. What type of company was Arkenstone?
A. It was a California public benefit
corporation that had 501(c)(3) charity status.
Q. What types of products did it make?
A. Primarily reading machines or systems
for people with disabilities.
Q. What types of disabilities?
A. Vision impairments, learning
disabilities, such as dyslexia, and physical
disabilities that might interfere with reading,
such as quadriplegia, fine motor control issues,
cerebral palsy, traumatic brain injury and others.
Q. And these products that you just
described, they were sold to customers?
A. Yes.
Q. What services, if any, did Arkenstone
render to customers at the time you were there?
A. It was primarily a product sales
company, and it rendered services associated with
the sale of the products, which included

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Arkenstone.
A. Not under that name.
Q. What happened to the company?
A. It has been merged into the charity that
is now known commonly as Benetech.
Q. In 2000, did Arkenstone sell its -repeat -- I'm going to rephrase the question.
In 2000, did Arkenstone sell some -- at
least some of its assets to Freedom Scientific?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you remember the sale price?
A. Approximately $5 million.
Q. And was the money from that sale of the
Arkenstone assets to Freedom Scientific used to
found Benetech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It was commonly described
as such.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you agree with that assessment?
A. Yes. But technically you might parse it
more finely.
Q. As a product of Arkenstone, what is or

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maintenance at one point in time, and customer
service and support.
Q. What was the range of the sale price of
these reading machines at Arkenstone?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Foundation.
THE WITNESS: The first price point was
under $5,000 to turn a talking PC into a reading
machine. And prices fell over the time period.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So it started around under 5,000. As
Arkenstone continued and the technology got
better, faster, cheaper, the products got less
expensive?
A. 5,000, 4,000, 3,000, 2500, 1800, 1500.
Q. And were the reading machines at
Arkenstone produced based upon Calera's OCR
technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And you were the president, CEO,
chairman and founder from Arkenstone from 1989
through 2000?
A. Correct.
Q. Is this company still in business today?

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was the Arkenstone Reader?
A. The Arkenstone Reader was a device
designed to turn a standard personal computer into
a reading machine by adding a Calera TrueScan
card, a Hewlett-Packard Scanjet scanner and some
specialized software to an existing PC that
already had a voice synthesizer and a screen
reader, so that the ensemble would be able to scan
a document and read it aloud.
Q. As a product of Arkenstone,
Mr. Fruchterman, what is or was the Arkenstone
portable hand scanner?
A. I barely recall this product, but I
assume it was substituting the Hewlett-Packard
desktop Scanjet scanner with a bar scanner that
could feed a sheet of paper through a scanner.
Q. Do you recall whether the Arkenstone
mark was registered with the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office?
A. I believe it was.
Q. Were any parts of the Arkenstone Reader
sought for patent protection?
A. Yes.
Q. Which part?
A. Actually, no. Not that particular

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
15 (Pages 57 to 60)
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product. Not the Arkenstone Reader product.
Q. Were any parts of the Arkenstone
portable hand scanner sought for patent
protection?
A. No.
Q. Was the software code for the Arkenstone
Reader registered with the U.S. Copyright Office?
A. I don't recall.
Q. Is there anything that would refresh
your recollection?
A. Beyond a formal record, no.
Q. Was the software code for the Arkenstone
portable hand scanner registered with the U.S.
Copyright Office?
A. No.
Q. As a product of Arkenstone, what is or
was VERA, V-E-R-A?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
THE WITNESS: The Very Easy Reading
Appliance was designed for senior citizens who
were uncomfortable using a computer. So we
wrapped the computer in a fake wooden case and
said, "This isn't a computer. It's a reading
appliance, like a piece of hi-fi equipment."

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the software-only version that was designed to
turn a PC into a reading system. And all of these
were based on Microsoft Windows technology.
Q. So if I understand your testimony, the
Open -- Open Book was marketed as two different
products, at least at one time, one as an
appliance and the other one called Open Book
Unbound, as software?
A. Correct.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony.
THE WITNESS: Sorry.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the Open Book mark registered with
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Foundation.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: I don't remember.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is there anything that would refresh
your recollection?
A. A formal registration indication.
Q. Was the software code for Open Book
registered with the U.S. Copyright Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Foundation.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the VERA mark, to the best of your
recollection, registered with the U.S. Patent and
Trademark Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the software code for the VERA
product registered with the U.S. Copyright Office?
A. No.
Q. As a product of Arkenstone, what is or
was Open Book?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
THE WITNESS: Similar to the transition
from the Calera TrueScan hardware card to the
WordScan software product, Open Book was a product
based on the WordScan technology to replace the
hardware coprocessor card with software running on
the computer's main CPU.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And Open Book ran over Windows software?
A. Open Book was two different products
with a common name. Open Book itself was a
reading machine sold as a hardware unit plus
scanner plus keypad. And Open Book Unbound was

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THE WITNESS: I don't recall.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is there anything that would refresh
your recollection?
A. Not beyond a registration statement.
Q. As a product of Arkenstone, what is or
was WYNN, What You Need Now?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
MR. HUDIS: That's all one product.
MR. KAPLAN: Yeah. But you're asking
him what it was.
MR. HUDIS: Or is.
MR. KAPLAN: What it is.
MR. HUDIS: All right.
THE WITNESS: WYNN was similar to Open
Book Unbound as -- in that it was a OCR-based
software product. It was specifically designed
for the needs of people with learning disabilities
rather than blind people.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Would it be correct to characterize
WYNN, What You Need Now, as a customizable user
interface for the Open Book software?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
16 (Pages 61 to 64)
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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. How would you describe it?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Asked and
answered.
THE WITNESS: I thought of it as a
completely different user interface designed for
the needs of people with learning disabilities
and, to some extent, people with low vision, that
was built on top of the same OCR technology as the
Open Book product but was not simply grafted onto
the Open Book product.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did the Open Book -- did either of the
two Open Book products, whether it was the
appliance or the software, come with OCR
technology?
A. Yeah -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Foundation,
vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes. It was built in.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did the WYNN product come with OCR
technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Foundation.

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destination.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the Strider mark registered with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I do not believe so.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the software code for the Strider
product registered with the U.S. Copyright Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not that I recall.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was any part of the Strider product
subject to U.S. patent protection?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. As a product of Arkenstone, what is or
was Atlas Speaks?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
THE WITNESS: It was an accessible map
product for the blind, to look at maps and plot

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THE WITNESS: The primary WYNN product
did come with OCR technology.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the software code for the OCR
technology that was built into Open Book
registered with the U.S. Copyright Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Foundation.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: I believe that in the
documents that you've showed me, the companies
that make those OCR technologies did have
registrations and trademarks and patents.
Certainly my nonprofit didn't do anything separate
for the OCR technology.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And that would be true of WYNN as well?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. As a product of Arkenstone, what is or
was Strider, S-T-R-I-D-E-R?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
THE WITNESS: It was a talking GPS
product designed to guide blind users to their

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routes. It would be easy to characterize it as
Strider without the GPS.
MR. HUDIS: Off the record.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Coming off the record
at 10:40.
MR. KAPLAN: You need my consent to go
off the record.
Can you let me know why?
MR. HUDIS: I just want to take this
call.
MR. KAPLAN: Okay. Off the record is
fine.
(Discussion held off record.)
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Back on the record at
10:43.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, was the Atlas Speaks
mark registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I don't believe so.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you know if the software code for the
Atlas Speaks product was registered with the U.S.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
17 (Pages 65 to 68)
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Copyright Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I don't know.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And we discussed that Arkenstone had an
asset sale to Freedom Scientific in 2000.
Do you remember that?
A. Correct.
Q. All right. I'd like to know whether
each one of the following products was part of
that asset sale. And you can just say "yes" or
"no."
Open Book?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. WYNN?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Strider?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Were the copyright rights for those
products transferred as parts of the asset sale?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: As a layman, I believe so.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. By yes or no, I'd like to know whether
the following technologies were sold to Freedom
Scientific by Arkenstone as part of the asset
sale.
Arkenstone Reader?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: I'm not sure because I
don't think it was an active product. So they
probably could claim it, but I'm not sure we
actually did it because I don't think it was alive
at that time.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Would your answer be the same for
Arkenstone portable scanner?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes.

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foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I don't believe so.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Atlas Speaks?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I don't believe so.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. VERA?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. The Arkenstone mark?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. Now, of the products that you
listed, that was part of the asset sale, was the
code for those products part of the asset sale?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Would your answer be the same for the
VERA product?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: No. The VERA product was
active and sold as part of the asset sale.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 52 was
marked for identification.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I show you now what has
been marked as Exhibit 52.
MR. KAPLAN: Counsel, you'll represent
that this is another document created by your
office?
MR. HUDIS: Yes. From publicly
available records.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, do you recognize in the
top chart on the single page of Exhibit 52 the
titles of patents that were owned by Arkenstone,
Inc., at one time?
A. Yes.
Q. And in the bottom chart, a copyright
registration that was owned by Arkenstone at one

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
18 (Pages 69 to 72)
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time?
A. I don't recognize that work. And I'm
just -- the date predates the existence of
Arkenstone by seven years, so something's wrong
about this document.
Q. Okay.
MR. KAPLAN: Is that true for the second
patent as well?
THE WITNESS: I recognize the second
patent, but I think the date is wrong as well.
Whereas, the date on the first patent looks
vaguely right.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 53A and
53B were marked for identification.)
THE WITNESS: Thank you.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I show you what has
been marked as Exhibits 53A and 53B. Let's take a
look at Exhibit 53A.
Do you recognize this document?
A. Yes. It's a patent where I am listed as
an inventor.
Q. And was issued on November 28, 1995?
A. November 28th, 1995, yes.
Q. And the patent number is listed as

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, if we could turn for a
moment to Exhibit 53B.
And if you could turn to the last page.
Actually, it's bordering on the fifth and sixth
pages.
You notice that there was an assignment
of the inventor's interest to Arkenstone, Inc.?
A. Yes.
Q. And ultimately, the patent was assigned
from Arkenstone to Freedom Scientific?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. It was not?
A. It was not.
Q. What happened -- today, as you sit here,
who is the current owner of the '233 patent of
Exhibit 53A?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: The world. It's expired.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Before its expiration, who was the owner

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5,470,233. I will refer to this as "the
'233 patent."
Do you understand that?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. What was the nature of the
invention claimed in the '233 patent of
Exhibit 53A?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: In layman's term, it's a
patent on technology to help a blind person use
GPS to move around.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was that the product that was sold by
Arkenstone under the Strider mark?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes. We -- the Strider
product incorporated the patented technology
subject to this patent.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Who was the assigning owner of the
'233 patent when it issued in 1995?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: Arkenstone.

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of the '233 patent of Exhibit 53A?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: Beneficent Technology,
Inc. which is the legal corporate name of
Benetech.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So to the best of your recollection, the
'233 patent was not a part of the asset sale from
Arkenstone to Freedom Scientific?
A. That was -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: That was my understanding,
yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. While it was still active, was the
'233 patent ever licensed to third parties?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was it licensed for royalties?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
19 (Pages 73 to 76)
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THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. To whom was the '233 patent of
Exhibit 53A licensed at the time it was active?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: I don't know their full
legal name, but it's like the Sendero Group.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Spell Sendero.
A. S-E-N-D-E-R-O.
Q. Do you remember the financial terms of
the license?
A. It was a minimum -- a minimal royalty,
and the payments were not large.
Q. Define "not large."
A. I'd be stunned if we collected $10,000
over the entire life of the patent in royalties.
Q. Was Sendero the only company to whom the
'233 patent of Exhibit 53A was licensed?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: There was another company
that was -- and I do not know the legal term, but
sort of a co-owner, and they had rights to

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A. Correct.
Q. All right. And it's a nonprofit
California company?
A. I believe it's structured as a
California public benefit corporation.
Q. And tell me the nature of -- withdraw
the question.
When I refer to "Benetech," we will
understand that that is the trade name for
Beneficent Technology?
A. Okay.
Q. Would you understand it that way?
A. During the current time period, yes.
We've had more complicated legal structures in the
past, where "Benetech" might refer to any one of
three different corporate entities. But I'm happy
just to call them all Benetech for the purposes of
this conversation.
Q. Thank you.
What type of company is Benetech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It's a charity. And it
does technology for social good.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. I've read, Mr. Fruchterman, that

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practice the patent without paying us a royalty.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And who was that?
A. They've gone by different names. Their
current name is HumanWare.
Q. Do you know what the name of the company
was at the time they were co-owner of the
'233 patent while it was active?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony. Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: VisuAide, V-I-S-U-A-I-D-E.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Turning back to your resume of
Exhibit 49, Mr. Fruchterman, according to your
resume, Benetech was founded in 2000?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates the
document.
THE WITNESS: My nonprofit activities
started operating under the Benetech name in 2000.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Now, the official name of the company is
Beneficent Technology, Inc., correct?
A. Correct.
Q. And it's located in Palo Alto,
California?

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Benetech was started up from the result of the
asset sale from Arkenstone to Freedom Scientific.
Is that your understanding?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Asked and
answered. Vague.
THE WITNESS: There were a series of
legal transactions that, over time, have created
the Benetech we know today.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What were those to the best of your
recollection?
A. The nonprofit that was formerly known as
Arkenstone changed its name, because the
Arkenstone name was sold to Freedom Scientific.
It had a charter limited to helping the disabled.
Beneficent Technology, Inc., was created
with as -- sorry, can't disclose -- let's just say
a vanilla charitable charter, so that it could do
a wider range of charitable activities.
A wholly owned for profit subsidiary
named Bengineering, Inc., was also created to
conduct services connected with the asset sale.
Q. And what were those services?
A. Primarily engineering services, to
continue the product development of the products

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
20 (Pages 77 to 80)
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that were sold for a period following the asset
sale.
MR. KAPLAN: Let me just interrupt here
for a second. I'm not sure exactly where you're
going with this, but if we get into areas that are
potentially confidential information of Benetech
or other entities, my understanding of the
protective order is that neither party will
disclose the deposition transcript until 30 days
have elapsed, giving the -- giving us the
opportunity to designate portions or the entire
transcript as confidential. Is that correct?
MR. HUDIS: Counsel, that's correct.
MR. KAPLAN: Okay. Good. Just glad we
had that on the record.
THE WITNESS: And nothing I've talked
about so far is, I believe, confidential.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, your counsel raises a
good point. If anything I ask you in your mind
requires you to disclose confidential information,
would you let us all know, please?
A. Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: Thank you.
THE WITNESS: I'll let you decide if

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we're still in 2015 -- you were the CEO and
founder?
A. Correct.
Q. Thank you.
What has been -MR. KAPLAN: Let me make sure the
witness's answer is finished.
THE WITNESS: Would you like me to
explain in more detail how finely graded that
answer is, or are we good?
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Well, my next question was going to be
the nature of your duties and responsibilities.
So if that would help you, please.
A. Okay. So I transferred the chairman's
responsibilities first in early 2014, and I ceased
being the president in the idea that we had a new
president in January of this year, though I
believe I stopped using the term "president"
somewhere during the last year at the suggestion
of one of my board members.
Q. So from 2000 to 2014, what were your
general duties and responsibilities at Benetech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I was the main guy. So in

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there's a follow-up question.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So one of the products that has been
made by Benetech is a series of software tools for
people who are blind or have visual disabilities
to access printed information?
A. That is some of what we do. Sorry. I
thought you had -- I thought I had given the
pause.
MR. KAPLAN: I was wondering what the
question was going to be.
THE WITNESS: Okay. Okay.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And you have been the president, CEO,
chairman and founder since 2000?
A. No.
Q. What part of my last question was
incorrect?
A. In 2000, I had all of those titles. At
present, I am the founder and CEO.
Q. I see. So from 2000 to 2014, you were
the president, CEO, chairman and founder, at least
according to your resume, Exhibit 49.
A. I believe so. Yes.
Q. And from 2015 -- well, to the present --

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my role as chairman, I was responsible for the
standard duties of a chairman of a board of
directors, which I can elaborate if needed.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. You ran board meetings?
A. I did.
Q. You set the agenda?
A. I did.
Q. You set policy for the company?
A. In -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I set policy for the
company in conjunction with either the board for
board-level issues or my management team for
issues that were the scope of the management
team's.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Does that generally describe your duties
and responsibilities as chairman?
A. Yes.
Q. Okay. And up until 2015, starting in
2000, you were the president?
A. Correct.
Q. What were your duties and
responsibilities as president of --

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
21 (Pages 81 to 84)
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MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. -- Benetech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: During that time period,
the title "president" and "chief executive
officer" were essentially interchangeable, and our
bylaws specified that the president was the
executive chief officer.
So my responsibilities with those dual
titles was to be the chief executive officer of a
nonprofit corporation, a public benefit
corporation, and so I oversaw everything.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Product development?
A. I was responsible for all aspects of the
operations of the organization, from legal and
administrative, to technical and product, to
fundraising, to public relations, to advocacy. I
was responsible for everything we did, ultimately,
in the role of chief executive officer.
Our chief financial officer had certain
statutory responsibilities and had a dotted line
to our board of directors, but I was her
supervisor.

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corporate entity.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. You would describe Bookshare as a
project of Benetech?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. And that Bookshare project
is still ongoing today?
A. Yes.
Q. And it has been operating as a project
of Benetech since 2002?
A. Publicly, yes.
Q. Why did you, in your last answer,
qualify it with "publicly"?
A. When a technology product is created,
it's often operating -- being tested before its
actual public release date. So its public release
date was, I believe, in 2002, but we were working
on Bookshare or doing initial testing or beta
testing probably in 2001.
Q. Now, you described the Bookshare project
as a technology product. Why?
A. If you look at what Bookshare is, you
can think of it as a web platform that operates a
large body of software that delivers an online
library. So I think of Amazon.com as a technology

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Q. Mr. Fruchterman, what is Bookshare?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It's a digital library for
people with print disabilities.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is Bookshare part of Benetech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It's a project of
Benetech.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What do you mean by "project"?
A. Benetech runs multiple projects that
target different social needs, and we have
programs that are a level-above project that
target an area of social need. So it's a project.
Q. Is Bookshare a stand-alone corporation?
A. No.
Q. Is Bookshare an unincorporated division
of Benetech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls
for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: We wouldn't call it a
division, and the only active corporate entity at
Benetech today is Beneficent Technology, Inc., and
all the things I'm describing operate under that

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product as well, even though it's a whole bunch of
technology that looks like a web site.
Q. As a product of Benetech, what is or was
Read2Go?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
THE WITNESS: Read2Go is what people
would commonly call an iPad or iPhone app that
is designed primarily as an eBook reading
product for people with disabilities.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the Read2Go mark registered with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It may have been.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What would refresh your recollection, if
anything?
A. A public record of the registration.
Q. Was the software code for Read2Go
registered with the U.S. Copyright Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: I don't know.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
22 (Pages 85 to 88)
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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What would refresh your recollection?
A. A public registration statement.
Q. As a product of Benetech, what is or was
Go Read?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: It's an Android app that
is designed as an eBook reader for people with
disabilities.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. When you say "people with disabilities,"
do you mean people with reading disabilities?
A. I -- it's designed primarily for people
with print disabilities.
Q. Could you define in this context people
with print disabilities?
A. People who have a disability that
functionally interferes with their ability to read
standard print.
Q. In this context, what do you mean by
"standard print"?
A. For example, one of the printed
documents that we are looking at here, if a person
with a disability can't pick that page up, can't

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Dyslexia?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the Go Read mark registered with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: I don't believe so.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the software code for the Go Read
product registered with the U.S. Copyright Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. As a product of Benetech, what is or was
the Bookshare Web Reader?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
Argumentative. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: It's a set of technology
that is added into the Bookshare web site that

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look at it, can't read it, can't track along the
lines, can't recall what they've read when they've
completed reading -- so basically as a normal
person without a disability, I can pick up a print
document and acquire the knowledge that's there.
And a person with a print disability has
some limitation that interferes with that process.
Typically blindness or severe dyslexia or cerebral
palsy that keeps them from being able to hold the
page still or -- and I can could go on with a wide
range of disabilities that get in the way.
Q. So we would -- so people who have print
disabilities either have a finer gross motor
disability that keeps the person from picking up
the printed page and turning the pages; is that
one type of print disability?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony. Vague.
THE WITNESS: That would be one type of
print disability.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And another type of disability could be
total blindness?
A. Yes.
Q. Low vision?

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allows for an eBook to be read while in a web
browser, either with associated assistive
technology or by itself.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In this context, what did you mean by
"associated assistive technology"?
A. Some users of the web reader would be
using a screen reader to make what's on the screen
of their personal computer or device accessible.
Q. An example of a screen reader would be,
for example, JAWS?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the Bookshare Web Reader mark
registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: I don't believe so.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the software code for the Bookshare
Web Reader registered with the U.S. Copyright
Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
23 (Pages 89 to 92)
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for a legal conclusion. And lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. As a product of Benetech, what is or was
Bookshelf?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
Argumentative. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: It was a feature of
individual accounts for a period of time on the
Bookshare web site.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. The product's no longer in use?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not by that name.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What is it -- what does the product go
under today?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague. Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: I believe Reading Lists.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the Bookshelf mark registered with
the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion.

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MR. HUDIS: Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: -- to stretch our legs?
MR. HUDIS: Yes.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Going off the record
at 11:17. This is the end of Tape No. 1.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Here begins Tape
No. 2 in the deposition of James Fruchterman. We
are back on the record at 11:31.
MR. KAPLAN: So, Counsel, pursuant to
paragraph 1E of the protective order in this
action, we agree to provisionally designate the
transcript as confidential for 30 days and shall
make such specific designations of the transcript
before the end of that time. I may have gotten
that paragraph number wrong, but under the
protective order.
MR. HUDIS: Agreed.
MR. KAPLAN: Thank you.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So, Mr. Fruchterman, my last question to
you was whether the Bookshelf mark had been
registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office by someone else.
A. Yes.

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THE WITNESS: Not by Benetech.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the Bookshare -- excuse me.
Was the Bookshelf mark registered by
somebody else with the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: That is my understanding.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And who registered Bookshelf with the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, to the best of
your knowledge?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and calls
for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: This may be a place where
we're getting into confidential material. I'm
just going to put that on the record.
MR. HUDIS: We're almost out of tape,
but let's put the next question and answer on the
confidential portion of the record.
Let's go off the record so we can change
the tape.
MR. KAPLAN: Okay. Counsel, would this
be a good time to take a break --

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Q. All right. And to the best of your
knowledge, who registered the mark with the
trademark office?
A. I don't remember which company. It was
a big company.
Q. But you don't remember whom?
A. No. I -- I wouldn't care to guess.
Q. Anything that would refresh your
recollection?
A. A public registration of the term
"Bookshelf" as it applies in the digital world, or
something along those lines.
Q. Was the software code for the Bookshelf
product registered with the U.S. Copyright Office?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: No. And Bookshelf was a
feature, not really a product.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And why do you describe it as a feature?
A. Well, it's part of the Bookshare site
code, and there are many, many things that the
Bookshare site code does, and this was just one
thing. It -- it -- it makes no sense apart from
Bookshare.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
24 (Pages 93 to 96)
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Q. And it's purpose is to organize
selections by the reader?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I believe the primary
purpose of this feature was to make it easier for
teachers to assign a list of materials for a
student to read.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And Bookshelf, to the best of your
recollection, is now offered as a feature under
the name Reading Lists?
A. Correct.
Q. Are any of -- is the Read2Go product
offered for a fee?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is the Go Read product offered for a
fee?
A. Okay. I want -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I want to correct my
testimony.
BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. Please.

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BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. So if a third party does not pay the
user subscription fee, would a Bookshare member
have to pay for the Bookshare Web Reader?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: If they wish to read
copyrighted material.
BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. If the user wishes to read copyrighted
material, then there would be a fee associated
with the user using the Bookshare Web Reader?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Misstates the testimony. Vague.
Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Bookshare is a
subscription web site. If you are a subscriber,
the Bookshare Web Reader is a feature of that web
site that is included in your subscription, much
as your Reading Lists are included as a feature of
the web site's operation.
BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. Separate and apart from the subscription
fee for Bookshare, does, in any circumstance, the

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A. Okay. We're talking about two different
eBook readers.
Q. Right.
A. And the first question you asked was is
the Read2Go product offered for a fee.
Q. For a fee?
A. And the correct answer is, yes. It's
listed in the Apple App Store for a fee.
And your -- the question that was
pending was whether Go Read was offered for a fee.
And the answer is, no, it is not offered for a
fee. It's available for free.
Q. Is the Bookshare Web Reader offered for
a fee?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not for a separate fee.
BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. Is it part of the fee that one would pay
to become a member of Bookshare?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: The web reader is part of
the Bookshare web site. Whether or not you need
to pay a fee depends on the material you read and
whether or not a third party is effectively paying
for your fee, your subscription fee.

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user pay a separate fee for the Bookshare web
reader?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Argumentative. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Not by Benetech.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Would somebody else charge that fee?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It's an open source
product, to my knowledge, and under open source
licensing, it is possible for someone to grab a
piece of open source code and, within the
constraints of that license, charge some fees.
I'm not aware of anyone doing that at this moment.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And what used to be Bookshelf, now
Reading Lists, is a feature of the Bookshare
service?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is a separate fee charged for Reading
Lists?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
25 (Pages 97 to 100)
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foundation. Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was a separate fee charged for
Bookshelf?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do I understand correctly that Read2Go
is an eReader for an Apple product?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. Can anyone acquire Read2Go
for use with an Apple product or must the person
show proof of a print disability?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Anyone can purchase the
product online without showing proof of
disability.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is that also true for Go Read?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks

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Q. Mr. Fruchterman, what is Bookshare's
University Partnership Program?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It's a program where
universities that have scanned books for students
can add them to the Bookshare collection so that
other people don't have to scan the same work, to
make it accessible to people with disabilities.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Print disabilities?
A. Correct.
Q. When was the Bookshare University
Partnership Program started?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: I don't know a precise
date. In the last six years.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Around 2009 maybe?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Asked and
answered. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: I don't have an exact date
for you.

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foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Anyone is able to download
Go Read and use it to read any material.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Without -- without showing proof of
print disability?
A. That is correct.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 54 was
marked for identification.)
MR. HUDIS: Mr. Fruchterman, I now show
you what's been marked as Exhibit Fruchterman 54.
Counsel, just to speed up, I will
represent this was prepared by my office from
publicly available information.
MR. KAPLAN: Thank you.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could you please look
at pages 1 through 3 of Exhibit 54. And I ask
you, do you recognize these as registered
trademarks of Beneficent Technology, Inc.?
A. Yes.
Q. And on page 4 of Exhibit 54, do you
recognize Martus client software as a registered
copyright owned by Beneficent Technology, Inc.?
A. Yes.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. To the best of your knowledge, which
major publishers have agreed to donate digital
files of their books to Bookshare?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: More than 500 publishers
have done so. HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster,
Random House, Penguin. But I don't want to
characterize a publisher as not major by omission
from my list.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Before becoming part of Bookshare's
University Partnership Program, did any of the
publishers express to you concern about the
sighted community taking unfair advantage by
downloading from Bookshare's -- from Bookshare the
digital files of their books without permission or
payment?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Which of the publishers -- which of the
publishers expressed such a concern?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
26 (Pages 101 to 104)
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foundation.
THE WITNESS: To the best of my
recollection, it would have been a higher ed
publisher.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you remember the name of the higher
ed publisher?
A. I do not.
Q. What, if anything, did they say to you?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: We've had many
conversations with publishers. And your question
touches effectively on whether someone without a
qualifying disability can sign up for Bookshare.
And so publishers would ask us questions
about our sign-up process and about our mechanisms
to prevent nondisabled people from signing up for
Bookshare. So I'd say we certainly have had
conversations about those processes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And when such concerns were expressed to
you, what did you tell those publishers about
Bookshare's sign-up process?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.

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Q. All right. And after you gave them an
explanation about the sign-up process for
Bookshare, did the publishers allow their
publications to be offered as part of the
University Partnership Program?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Still, that question
doesn't make sense.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. What doesn't make -- what would
make your understanding of my question clearer?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for
speculation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Okay. You keep linking
the University Partners Program to publishers.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Right.
A. They're not linked. So any time you ask
me a question about publishers and then the
University Partners Program, I just have to say,
sorry, that -- those don't go together. Those are
apples and oranges.
Do you want to just talk about
publishers?

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THE WITNESS: We discussed at length the
mechanisms by which people provide proof of
disability.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And after providing that explanation to
the publishers, were they satisfied with the
explanations and, as a result, went forward by
joining Bookshare's University Partnership
Program?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls
for speculation. Lacks foundation. Compound.
THE WITNESS: That question actually
doesn't make sense as structured.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay.
A. Because the University Partners Program
is not a publisher program. It's a university
program separate from publishers and separate from
university presses. So the question doesn't hold
together.
Q. So -- so the entities that expressed
concerns with -- if any, with Bookshare's
University Partnership Program were not the
universities, but it was the publishers?
A. Correct.

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Q. Sure.
A. Let's talk about that.
Q. Well -- fine.
So you had whole libraries as part of
the University Partnership Program who digitized
the works in their collections and made them
available as part of Bookshare, correct?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No, that's not what I've
said.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. How does the University
Partnership Program work?
A. So let's break this into two halves.
Q. Sure.
A. The interaction with the disabled
student and the interaction with Bookshare.
So universities -- many universities
have a disabled student services center that is
responsible for responding to accommodation
requests from students with disabilities.
A common request is that a
print-disabled student will come to the disabled
student services office and say, "I need this book

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
27 (Pages 105 to 108)
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for my class."
There are many different ways that a
disabled student services office can fulfill that
request. One of the possible ways, and generally
one that they don't prefer to go for if they can
avoid it, is to scan the entire book. They scan
that entire book and provide it to the student,
satisfying their obligation to the student.
Now, a university disabled student
services office can voluntarily sign up for the
University Partners Program on behalf of their
university, going through whatever process, and
send Bookshare copies of accessible versions of
textbooks or books needed for education and add
them to the -- and we will add them to the
Bookshare collection as a way to save potentially
other universities from having to scan the same
book at expense and delay. So that's how that
program works.
Q. Thank you for that explanation.
A. Mh-hmm.
Q. Now, if I am a publisher of one of those
books -A. Yes.
Q. -- I might have a problem with -- if

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people with developmental disabilities learn how
to read.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And is the program web-based?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is the uploading of copyrighted text
part of the Route 66 Literacy Project?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls
for a legal conclusion. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Route 66 focuses on openly
licensed content, both pictures and text. We -sorry. I'll wait for your next question.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Oh, I was going to let you finish your
answer. I'm sorry.
A. Maybe you should restate the question to
make sure I've answered it completely.
Q. Well, you said that Route 66 -- that the
Route 66 Literacy Project is deployed using openly
licensed content, pictures and text.
A. Correct.
Q. In what way?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates

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there weren't proper safeguards in place -- having
my text made part of Bookshare so that the sighted
community takes unfair advantage.
Now, my question goes back to -A. Mh-hmm.
Q. -- did any of the publishers express a
concern with the University Partnership Program by
having their books made available on Bookshare?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Argumentative. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Why not?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for
speculation. Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: In my earlier testimony
where we had conversations with publishers about
our qualification processes, the University
Partnership Program never came up.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. What is Benetech's Route 66
Literacy Project?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: It's a project to help

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testimony. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It's a community of people
that want to help people with developmental
disabilities learn to read.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Using openly licensed content?
A. And if they provide the content to Route
66, it's on the understanding that it be openly
licensed.
Q. What is Martus?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: Martus is our software for
human rights activists.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And it's used to capture and effectively
use human rights violations data?
A. Primarily, yes.
Q. Now, let's turn to the specifics of
Bookshare.
A. Mh-hmm.
Q. Since its founding in 2002, who has been
eligible to join Bookshare?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
28 (Pages 109 to 112)
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THE WITNESS: The primary beneficiary of
Bookshare is a person with a qualifying print
disability.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And how is one who has a qualifying
print disability determined?
A. By a professional who meets the
competent authority requirements under U.S. law
and regulation as having the professional
credentials to make that assessment.
Q. So it's a medical professional?
A. No.
Q. Please, in this context, define
"competent authority."
A. I can't quote the precise language, but
it includes doctors, optometrists. Let's see.
People with specialized expertise in disabilities.
Educational psychologists.
But I'm not giving you the complete list
that comes from the statutory regulations. This
is publicly available regulatory information. And
the term of art is "competent authority."
Q. And that's defined by statute?
A. That's my understanding. Or the
supporting regulations.

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Q. Who?
A. Those that have their membership paid
for by a third party.
Q. If they're not paying on their own and
their fees are not paid by a third party, are
there members of Bookshare who can receive
Bookshare services for free?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes. We occasionally give
someone who would otherwise have to pay a
complimentary membership.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is that the exception or the rule?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: We sometimes run programs
where we say for the next 90 days, you can get a
free membership to Bookshare if you qualify. And
then we hope that you continue to subscribe,
so ...
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Besides fees, from where else does
Bookshare get its funding, if anyplace?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Government contracts.
Foundation grants. Individual donations. Similar

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Q. Is there an initial setup fee charged to
members when they join Bookshare?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: A small proportion of our
users do pay an initial setup fee.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And that's $25?
A. In the United States and other wealthy
countries, yes.
Q. Is there an ongoing membership fee
charged to Bookshare members?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: For those that are paying
for their own membership, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And that's $50 a year?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: In the United States and
other wealthy countries.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Are some members eligible to receive
Bookshare services for free?
A. Yes.

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philanthropy.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And part of the Bookshare's funding has
come from the Department of Education special
education programs?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: Correct. A major funder
is the Office of Special Education Programs at the
U.S. Department of Education.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. From where does Bookshare obtain the
textual reading content to provide to its members?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: At this time, the majority
of the Bookshare collection has been supplied by
publishers under voluntary agreements.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was that always the case?
A. No.
Q. Prior to the publisher supplying their
content under voluntary agreements, how did
Bookshare obtain textual reading material to
provide to its members?

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
29 (Pages 113 to 116)
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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony. Argumentative. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: Volunteer scanning.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. If you know, how -- what portion of the
content available on Bookshare today is
copyrighted content?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I would estimate over
95 percent is copyrighted content.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Once Bookshare obtains the textual
reading content, if it's in printed form, what
does Bookshare or its volunteers do with it?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: If we receive a book in
printed form, we take off its binding, chop the
binding off, put it through a high-speed scanner,
perform optical character recognition on it, and
then someone proofreads it.
It goes through generally an automated
quality control assessment and then gets added to

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detect missing pages, low-quality character
recognition. So, yes, we're trying to spot common
errors.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Would upside-down pages be one of those
common errors?
A. No.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: Sorry.
MR. KAPLAN: It's okay.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. How about off-centered scanned pages,
where they're not properly centered?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No. The most common error
is a double feed, where two pages fed at once.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What type of file does the Bookshare
scanning process produce?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Generally --

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our collection of books available to our users.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What's part of that quality control
assessment?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: I'm not familiar with all
the tests, but if the book is supposed to have 600
pages and it has one page, or 10,000, someone's
going to look at it.
If it's a religious title, and it is
full of swear words, it's likely to get additional
quality control. So we're looking for is this
book as represented. And, you know, that tends to
be greater on completely voluntary copies as
opposed to one where we were actually operating
the process.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Would that quality control include a
check to make sure none of the pages were scanned
upside down?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I would say that part of
our quality control processes are designed to

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Go ahead.
A. Generally, a Microsoft Word or RTF
format file.
Q. Not Adobe PDF?
A. No.
Q. And "RTF" stands for rich text format?
A. Correct.
Q. As part of the process you just
described, the digital scan from paper to
electronic, what is the initial file -- what type
of initial file is created?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: I believe we acquire image
scans as TIFF images.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Again, not PDF?
A. No.
Q. I should know this.
And "TIFF" stands for?
A. I believe it's tagged image file format.
Q. Once the TIFF process is created, apart
from the quality control that you just described,
what other processes, if any, does the file

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30 (Pages 117 to 120)
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undergo?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Unintelligible. Argumentative. Lacks foundation.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. I can ask the question another way if
you'd like, Mr. Fruchterman.
A. I don't think I have anything to add to
the description I gave earlier.
Q. All right. Which was you take the
printed material, chop it off from its bindings,
digitally scan it, employ the OCR process, have it
proofread and a quality control?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony.
THE WITNESS: Yes. And, of course,
proofreading is a quality control step that has a
lot of elements to it as well as the final quality
control step I described.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. For the next series of questions,
Mr. Fruchterman, I need your definition of
"access." And that has been a term that we have
litigated over the course of this legal
proceeding.
So I am talking now about a print --

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seem like the right term. There's -- there's a
series of processes around obtaining an
information object. Depending on -- it could be
handed to you physically. It could be assigned to
you by your teacher with a link. It could be that
you have to search a web search engine to find it.
You might go to Amazon and try to buy it.
So -- so let's say -BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. That's all obtaining the content?
A. Yes. Let's say obtaining. Okay.
Q. So that's the first functional task.
After you obtain the content, what's
next?
A. Can I read the content. If it's textual
material, especially. In other words, can I
actually acquire words in that content. For
example, if it's a novel, can I read it all the
way from the beginning to the end.
Q. Are those all the functional tasks? Are
there more?
A. There are more.
Q. Which -- what are they?
A. Accessing -- sorry. Using the structure
of the document to do tasks that other people

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print-disabled person having the ability to access
content. In that respect, how would you define
"access"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: So accessibility -- which
is how I think of this term, as opposed to access,
per se -- I usually focus on functional tasks that
a person would use on a given piece of information
or material.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And those functional tasks are?
A. Can they get the material? Can they
actually have some form of access to it without
regard to is it accessible or not? Can they find
it? Can they access it? So that might be can
they download it?
Q. So -A. Can they -Q. -- that part of it would you define as
acquisition, to obtain the content? I want -- I
want your definition without using the term
"access."
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: "Acquisition" does not

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might do on that document. For example, you said
look at page 5 of a given document. Can the
person go to page 5. Is page 5 actually in their
copy.
Q. That would be a search function?
A. It can be done either through structured
markup or it can be done by search. So, for
example, a table of contents, an index. It's not
a search function -Q. That's a structured markup?
A. That's a structure markup.
And so if someone says, Go to
Section 7.1, you know, you can flip through and
get to Section 7.1, or you can search for 7.1, and
perhaps the first mention of 7.1 is maybe table of
contents. Maybe the second one is Section 7.1, if
the phrase "7.1" doesn't appear frequently in the
document otherwise.
Q. What is the next functional task?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. If any.
A. I -- in modern use, you might be looking
for certain phrases or content. So, for example,

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I might want to know pages that mention
Constitution and bananas on the same page.
Q. All right. So that would be a Boolean
search?
A. Yes. So there are searches you could
do. Those are easier to do on digital content,
obviously. But, you know, human beings often do
word spotting as well. Skimming. There's
skimming that people do.
And -- I mean, there are other tasks
that people do. I choose to focus on those as the
primary ones that encompass what 95 percent or
more people would want to do with a given
document.
Q. And those functional tasks, just to
summarize -- I've been listening very carefully -to obtain the content, to read the content, to use
the structure of the document such as by markup or
by search, to skim the document and more
complicated phrase searches?
A. Yeah.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony.
Go ahead.
THE WITNESS: More or less, yeah.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Now, what if they are a low-vision
reader?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Then they could view the
TIFF image magnified or otherwise visually
processed and read the document.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What do you mean by "visually
processed"?
A. An example -- one obvious example is
making it bigger. Another one is reversing the
contrast so that instead of being black text on a
white background, being white text on black
background. There are many other visual things
that people with low vision benefit from other
than those two. Those are the two most common.
Q. With the current state of technology as
you know it, how accurate is the OCR process in
recognizing words on a printed page?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It's quite good.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is there a known error recognition rate?

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. All right. Could Bookshare's
members with print disabilities access the content
in the TIFF file created by the process you
described earlier without having the file undergo
an OCR process?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: They could have a human
being read it to them.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Without intervention by another human
being, could Bookshare's members with print
disabilities access the TIFF file created as we
discussed -- I'm going to rephrase the question.
Without human intervention, could
Bookshare's members with print disabilities access
the content in the TIFF file without having
undergone the OCR process?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: I think the answer is no.
They need either OCR or a human to access TIFF
images if they're completely blind.

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It varies by content type.
So a text document, like my resume -BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Sure. Let's look at Exhibit 49.
A. -- I would -- yeah, I would expect
modern OCR to do that perfectly.
Q. With no error recognition -A. With no errors. Or maybe one or two
just -- I should double-check, but I don't see
any. That's -- that's a very -- of course, I'm
not going to find it. There we go. Yeah. I
mean, this is -Q. That's straight text?
A. Yeah. Well, the first page I would say
it would recognize perfectly. The second page, it
might have problems with some of the underlines.
Q. Right.
A. And -Q. What about if it's in italics?
A. I think it's the combination of italics
and underlines that might give it the problem. I
think it should still do quite well, but I would
expect there's a possibility of an error -- of
error showing up with italics.

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32 (Pages 125 to 128)
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So a novel, very few errors. A -- well,
a child's picture book that had no words in it
would be hard for a blind person to use, as
another example. So it just -- it varies by the
content. But modern OCR on straight text should
do quite well.
Q. And the events in question in this
litigation occurred between 2012 and 2014.
Would your answer still be the same
about the error recognition rate of OCR in that
time period?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. After the scanning and OCR processes and
the quality control, how does Bookshare decide
whether a book should be made available on its web
site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Unintelligible. Lacks foundation. Incomplete
hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: We wouldn't engage in that
process if we weren't planning on making it
available. It would be a waste of resources.

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still within copyright, Bookshare couldn't help
them?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Calls for a legal conclusion.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: Bookshare couldn't help
them by scanning a printed version of that play,
no.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Why is Bookshare permitted to digitally
copy and distribute copyrighted materials to the
print-disabled?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Incomplete hypothetical.
Argumentative. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Because we avail ourselves
of copyright exceptions and license agreements and
the public domain. And I think that's it. Those
are the three ways that we are permitted.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And when you say "copyright exceptions,"
are you familiar with the 1996 Chafee Amendment to
the U.S. Copyright Act?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is there a validation process that the
scanned book goes through before -MR. KAPLAN: Object.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. -- before it is uploaded to Bookshare's
web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Incomplete hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: I don't know what you mean
by "validation" beyond the quality control stuff
that we've already discussed.
Is there some other thing that -BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. I saw that in some of the materials
discussing Bookshare, that there was a validation
process.
A. If a work is a play, we won't scan it.
Q. Why?
A. Because the copyright exception says it
only applies to nondramatic literary works. So
there is a process to not scan books that aren't
covered by the copyright exception.
Q. So, for example, if a student with print
disabilities needs to access a modern play that's

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What's your understanding of the Chafee
Amendment?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Chafee is C-H-A-F-E-E. I
don't have all of the provisions of Chafee
memorized, but it allows an authorized entity,
defined in the statute, to make copies of
copyrighted works available to people with
qualifying disabilities, print disabilities.
There's more details, but those are, I'd say, the
primary points.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And -MR. KAPLAN: Just to be clear, you're
not seeking his legal opinion on this or legal
advice regarding this, correct?
MR. HUDIS: I am not. I am seeking the
witness's understanding vis-a-vis his operation of
Bookshare.
Q. So the three methods you just described
permitting Bookshare to digitally copy and
distribute materials on its web site is either,
one, a copyright exception; two, a license
agreement; and, three, a public domain; is that

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Conducted on September 8, 2015
33 (Pages 129 to 132)
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correct?
A. Yes, that's my understanding as someone
who operates Bookshare.
Q. And the copyright exception, we are now
talking about the Chafee Amendment?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What did you mean by "copyright
exception"?
A. I'm not a lawyer, but it's my
understanding that there are multiple copyright
exceptions that our work may be covered by.
Q. Well, let's concentrate on the Chafee
Amendment. All right.
A. Okay.
Q. So -- and that's what -- that's one of
the three rubrics under which Bookshare operates?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Misstates testimony. Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: I agree that we actively
try to utilize the Chafee Amendment in our
operations.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. And Bookshare, under the
Chafee Amendment, is an authorized entity?

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A. Okay. But -- I know. But I know that
we then go back and re-mark it as confidential.
So I figured I'd just get it right out there right
now.
MR. KAPLAN: That's helpful for me. I
appreciate that, Jim.
THE WITNESS: So I would say that
different segments of the publishing industry
reacted differently. The trade publishers were
pretty open to it. They had a tradition of
helping people with disabilities. The educational
publishers, especially those in higher ed, were
much more concerned about Bookshare.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Any other groups that reacted to your
initial concept of Bookshare?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Still really
vague. Lack of foundation. Calls for
speculation.
THE WITNESS: I'm -- I'm describing my
interaction with the main publishing industry -publisher association which, in my mind,
represents the interests of those stakeholders.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. So you have --

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Vague.
THE WITNESS: We believe that we qualify
as an authorized entity.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And that you provide the content on
Bookshare's web site to people with qualifying
disabilities?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. When you founded Bookshare, did you
inform the book publishers of your organization's
intentions?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Really vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. All right. At that time, how did
the publishers react?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Really vague.
THE WITNESS: This is another
confidential segment.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Well, the whole thing is confidential.

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A. So that was -- my interaction before the
launch of Bookshare with the publishing industry
was primarily through that group.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And it was the trade and higher
educational publishers?
A. It was the Association of American
Publishers, which has divisions of different
segments of the publishing industry of which
trade, higher education, K-12, scientific, I
think -- there's a lot of different segments, but
the ones that were most noteworthy in their
reaction were the postsecondary publishers as
being less excited and the trade publishers being
more "eh" -- sorry, I guess that's not a technical
term -- more "sounds reasonable."
Q. What concerns did the secondary
educational publishers relay to you?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: The primary concern
expressed by the postsecondary publishers were
that disabled students who obtained a copy of a
textbook from Bookshare might share that copy with
other nonqualifying students in an unauthorized
manner.

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Conducted on September 8, 2015
34 (Pages 133 to 136)
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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What did you do to allay their concerns?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. If anything.
MR. KAPLAN: Vague.
THE WITNESS: We presented our
seven-point digital rights management plan to them
as the overarching structure of our plans to meet
our obligations under the Chafee Amendment.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Where are the digital files of the books
scanned for Bookshare stored?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: At present, in Amazon
cloud services.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. How about back then, at the founding?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: We operated our own
servers.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And were they secure?

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. We'll do it one at a time.
A. Okay. When users get a copyrighted work
from Bookshare, it includes copyright and limited
access notices, yes.
Q. Are members of Bookshare obligated to
sign an agreement to abide by copy -- copyright
laws when accessing materials made available on
Bookshare's web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion.
Incomplete hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: If a copyrighted work is
downloaded from Bookshare, there needs to have
been a responsible party signing an agreement with
respect to that work. For example, a parent or
guardian has to sign an agreement on behalf of a
minor. A teacher or educator or school district
can sign on behalf of the students that they serve
books to. But there always needs to be someone
who has -- with the ability to make an agreement
who has taken on that obligation.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Whether it is the person who is
print-disabled him or herself or the responsible

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A. Yes.
Q. So they needed user name and password
protection?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: In addition to other. So,
yes, user name and password, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. And the content now that is
available on Amazon cloud, that is also secured
with user name and password protection?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: At least that.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And more?
A. And more.
Q. All right. Do the digital files of the
books made available on the Bookshare site have
copyright and limited access notices on them?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion. And
compound.
THE WITNESS: Yeah.

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party on their behalf?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Incomplete hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What is Bookshare's fingerprint system?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: We incorporate
fingerprints into copyrighted works, including the
name of the user or could be the name of the
school district or teacher that downloads the
work, and we also hide that identity in the work
itself in a way that's not easily seen by
inspection.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What is the purpose for the fingerprint
system?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: If unauthorized copies
appear, say, online, that we can trace back the
source user that downloaded that work originally
from Bookshare.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And if you can trace them, you tell

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them, You can't do that again or you're no longer
going to be a member of Bookshare; is that
correct?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: We have a disciplinary
process associated with that discovery, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And what is that disciplinary process?
A. Typically, we reach out and say, We
found a copyrighted work online that came from
you, and do you know how it happened to get out
there? And most frequently, it's inadvertent.
The majority of the works have the plain
text name of the person who downloaded the book in
the file still when we find it. So that tends to
be someone who doesn't understand how the Internet
works and uploaded a textbook to the school web
site so that their kid could get it easily, their
student, but didn't realize that Google could also
index that site.
If a person seems to have tried to cover
their tracks or delete the fingerprint or delete
things or doesn't have a very good answer on how
the work appeared, we discontinue services to that

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Q. So the actors in this context, to make
Counsel's question very clear, these are Benetech
employees acting under the auspices of the
Bookshare project?
A. Correct.
Q. All right. Once Bookshare makes textual
reading material available to its members in
digital format, how do its members access the
material?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for
speculation. Lacks foundation. Vague.
Incomplete hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: Generally, they would use
some form of assistive technology to access that
material.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So let's take that assistive technology
one at a time.
Could the person access the material
directly on Bookshare's web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes. Using the web
reader, a person could access the content either
using separate assistive technology running on top

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individual. And we check in with the industry
association occasionally about that. And some
large scale -- I think one large scale thing,
where we had 50 works by a single publisher, we
contacted the publisher.
Q. When you say "we," you're talking about
Bookshare?
A. Bookshare, yes.
Q. Once Bookshare makes -MR. KAPLAN: So are you saying that
interchangeably with "Benetech"?
MR. HUDIS: It's the Bookshare project
of Benetech as the witness testified.
THE WITNESS: Okay. So you want me to
be clear between Benetech, the organization, and
Bookshare the project?
MR. KAPLAN: Yeah. The actor is -BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Who is the actor in this context when
you say "we"?
A. Well, Benetech employees. Benetech
operates the project. I've not -- I've not -I've not been distinguishing between Bookshare and
Benetech. I've just been treating them sort of
the same, even though --

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of their web browser or intrinsic technology built
into the combination of our web site and the web
browser.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Could the user download the file?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Incomplete hypothetical. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes, the user can download
the file.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Could the user access the content using
a Braille reader?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: A blind person could
transfer the file into a Braille note taker or, in
some cases, download the file directly from their
Braille note taker into its memory and read it in
Braille.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Could the user access the content
through an MP3 player?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes. If they downloaded

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the work in an MP3 format from the Bookshare web
site, they could then transfer that into an MP3
player and listen to it.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Could the user access the content
through a smartphone?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes. There's quite a
number of ways that a user can use a smartphone to
access the content.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Using assisted -- assistive technology?
A. Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. Could -- could the user
access the content through a digital tablet?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: In similar ways to
smartphone, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And could the user access that content
through a talking book?

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MR. KAPLAN: I -- I consent.
THE WITNESS: All right.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Going off the record
at 12:34.
(Whereupon, a lunch recess was taken.)
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 55 was
marked for identification.)
AFTERNOON SESSION
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Back on the record at
1:08.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I have marked a
document as Exhibit 55. Please take a moment to
just review the pages.
A. Looks like a lot of screen shots from
our web site.
Q. Okay. And when you say "our web site,"
that's Bookshare's web site?
A. The Bookshare project web site.
Q. And do you have any reason to doubt the
authenticity of those pages on Exhibit 55?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: Not on a quick inspection.
MR. HUDIS: Okay. Counsel can we

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Much of what we've been
described would be commonly described as a talking
book, so I'm not sure what a separate talking book
might be.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. It's usually a combination of hardware
and software that is not a digital tablet, not a
smartphone, not an MP3 player.
You used -- one example was a Braille
reader or a Braille note taker. So I'm talking
about a talking book being a technology other than
the other -- others that I've listed in this
series of questions.
A. Okay.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Incomplete hypothetical. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: There are dedicated
eBook readers that have their own text-to-speech
that would be able to make a -- one of our works
talk, in addition to the other ways we've
discussed.
MR. HUDIS: Counsel, I think we should
take a break here.

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stipulate that Exhibit 55 comprises a business
record of Beneficent Technology, Inc.?
MR. KAPLAN: Let me get back to you on
that.
MR. HUDIS: Okay.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Mr. Kaplan, your mike
is not -MR. KAPLAN: Oh, apologies.
Let me get back to you about that.
MR. HUDIS: Okay. I'll tell you what,
I'll ask Mr. Fruchterman questions about the
exhibit, and then when I'm done with the exhibit,
then I can address it then. If you can't, I'll
ask him the foundation questions.
Q. Okay. So, Mr. Fruchterman -A. Yes.
Q. -- so I've numbered the pages so that we
can get a clear transcript. You'll see them in
the lower right-hand corner.
A. Okay.
Q. All right. So the page 1 of Exhibit 55,
that's the help page of the Bookshare web site?
A. Looks like it.
Q. Okay. Let's turn to page 2 of
Exhibit 55. I want to read for you -- read to you

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a few passages.
"Bookshare is the world's
largest accessible online library
for people with print
disabilities."
You would agree with that?
A. Yes.
Q. And then in the next paragraph it says:
"Bookshare is a global
literacy initiative of Benetech, a
leading Silicon Valley based
nonprofit technology company
founded by Jim Fruchterman."
You would agree with that?
A. Yes.
Q. And then dropping down two paragraphs,
it says:
"Bookshare operates in the
U.S. under a copyright exemption,
the Chafee Amendment, which grants
nonprofit organizations the
ability to make books available to
people with print disabilities
without publisher permission."
You'd agree with that?

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: Okay. I will pause and
try to divine what that might be, so ...
There are at least 40 assistive
technology products that support access to
Bookshare as well as other production means that
you could imagine. So I'm sure that there are
other accessible media that are created that don't
precisely align with the list here. For example,
tactile graphics is not mentioned here, and yet we
work on tactile graphics.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Like Braille?
A. Tactile graphics are not Braille. But
let's say the Pythagorean theorem, you would be
able to feel a triangle. It wouldn't be Braille,
but would be tactile.
You might produce a book that has print
and Braille on it. But I would say that, you
know, these descriptions describe the majority of
ways that people interact with Bookshare books.
Q. Who are print-disabled?
A. Correct.
Q. Let's turn to page 4 of Exhibit 55.

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A. I agree that that's a layman's
description of what we do, yes.
Q. Let's turn to page 3 of Exhibit 55.
In the third paragraph it says:
"Our books are accessible" -There's that word "accessible" again.
A. Mh-hmm.
Q.
-- "which means you can read
our books many different ways."
Now, next to the picture of the children
in the classroom, it says:
"How can you read Bookshare
books?"
Do you see that?
A. Mh-hmm.
Q. Is that the ways that the books on
Bookshare's web site are accessible?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: That are -- that are some
of the ways, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Now, at the bottom of that list it says,
"And more."
What does "and more" mean in this
context?

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Under the title "Sign-up and Read," it
says:
"Get started with Bookshare.
In this section you will sign up
and learn how to read your first
book."
A. Mh-hmm.
Q. So my question is from this passage,
does a Bookshare user have to sign up as a member
before accessing the materials made available on
the Bookshare site?
A. No.
Q. In what instance would a user not sign
up as a member before accessing the materials on
Bookshare's site?
A. If they wanted to access public domain
or creative commons licensed works, there is no
requirement that they sign up.
Q. So the only sign-up is if it's
copyrighted material?
A. That would be the primary reason you
would sign up, would be to access copyrighted
material.
Q. Let's turn to page 5 of Exhibit 55. It
says:

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
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"Learn who can join. In
order for you to become a
Bookshare member, an expert must
confirm that you have a print
disability that prevents you from
reading traditional print
materials."
I'm skipping the rest of that paragraph
and going to the second paragraph.
"People with hearing loss,
autism, attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or
emotion or intellectual
disabilities or whose first
language is not English generally
do not qualify based upon those
criteria unless they have a
qualifying vision, physical or
learning disability."
MR. KAPLAN: You missed an "also."
MR. HUDIS: Thank you.
"Unless they also have a
qualifying, vision or learning
disability."
Q. Are these qualifications for one to

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MR. KAPLAN: Counsel, is there a reason
you're omitting the full text of that sentence?
MR. HUDIS: Yeah. Because I don't want
to clutter -- I can read the whole text.
THE WITNESS: Yeah. Subject to the
qualification in that sentence, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. All right. So I'll read the
whole thing.
"A person with a physical
disability who is unable to read
standard print qualifies for
Bookshare as long as a competent
authority confirms that the
physical disability significantly
interferes with reading."
Do you agree with that?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. Next on that page:
"A person with a learning
disability qualifies for Bookshare
as long as a competent authority
confirms that the learning
disability significantly
interferes with reading."

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become a Bookshare member?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. I'll ask it a different way.
To be a Bookshare member, do you have to
have a qualifying vision, physical or learning
disability?
A. Yes.
Q. Let's turn to page 6 of Exhibit 55. And
there are some definitions and examples of people
who are low-vision blindness, physical
disabilities and learning disabilities. So it
says here at the top:
"A person who is blind or who
has low vision and who is unable
to read standard print qualifies
for Bookshare."
You agree with that?
A. Yes.
Q. Next:
"A person with a physical
disability who is unable to read
standard print qualifies for
Bookshare."
Do you agree with that?

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Do you agree with that?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. Does each one of these print
disabilities have to be confirmed by a competent
authority?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Incomplete hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: Not in general. But for
Bookshare membership, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Does this page, page 6 of Exhibit 55,
identify the types of competent authorities who
may confirm the vision and disabilities of
potential Bookshare members?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Misstates the document.
THE WITNESS: This is not a
comprehensive list. It's a representative list of
examples of people who are competent authorities.
I can imagine that there are other professional
credentials that would also be recognized by us as
a competent authority.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So this is a representative list of
competent authorities?

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A. Yeah. That's why it says "examples of."
Q. Let's turn to page 7 of Exhibit 55.
"If you are legally blind,
you qualify. In addition, if you
don't meet the legal blindness
standard, a functional vision
assessment that indicates a
significant problem accessing text
is also acceptable."
Does this statement accurately summarize
who may become a Bookshare member?
A. Not -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not generally. But in the
area of a person who has a vision impairment who
wants to become a Bookshare member, they would
either have to be completely blind, legally blind
or have a functional vision problem. But other
people could qualify that don't have any of those
issues.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And let's explore who those people are.
Turn to page 8 of Exhibit 55.
"If you cannot pick up a
book, turn pages, maintain visual

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stating this. The number could be 97 percent.
And -- but, yeah, it's designed to get -- to have
most people realize that you actually have to have
a real disability that affects reading before you
can qualify for Bookshare to access copyrighted
material.
Q. Let's turn to page 10 of Exhibit 55.
I'm focusing on the second sentence of that
paragraph.
"If you are certifying
someone who has a physically based
disability (including dyslexia)
that makes it difficult to read
standard print effectively, he or
she should meet the technical
requirements and you should be
able to confirm this in writing if
your professional expertise is
applicable to such a
determination."
What's the intent of that sentence,
Mr. Fruchterman?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: So we're in a section

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focus on a book or do not have the
physical stamina to work with
printed material, you most likely
qualify for Bookshare membership."
Does this statement also accurately
summarize who may become a Bookshare member?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes, as phrased here.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Let's turn to page 9 of Exhibit 55.
A. Mh-hmm. Under "So who doesn't qualify,"
it says:
"The 98 percent of the
population who can pick up a book
and read it or could if they
learned to read."
Q. I'm focusing on just this statement.
Does this page accurately summarize who can be -who cannot become a Bookshare member?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
You're asking about the entire page?
THE WITNESS: Or just that one sentence?
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Just that one sentence.
A. That one sentence is an informal way of

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that's essentially frequently asked questions, and
we're trying to provide answers. And we're trying
to describe that if you're a professional with
some professional competence that allows you to
make this assessment, if someone has a disability
that gets in the way of them reading, you should
be able to sign the form saying that they have a
qualifying disability.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Let's turn to page 11 of Exhibit 55. At
the top of the page, it says:
"Bookshare is a nonprofit
entity established with a
principal purpose of helping
people with disabilities. It
would very much like to see more
people with disabilities,
including more students, benefit
from our services. However, we
are bound first by copyright law
and, when it comes to serving
students, special education law."
What does this mean?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. I'll ask it a different way.
What was the intent of this text that I
just read?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: This is in a frequently
asked questions area, and the question being asked
is:
"Why doesn't Bookshare follow
special education law in
determining eligibility for
services?"
The reason we get that question is some
people say, My student's in special ed. Why don't
they get Bookshare?
And the answer is some students who are
in special ed don't meet the requirement of the
copyright exception.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. That's the Chafee Amendment.
A. That's the Chafee Amendment.
And some of those students might
actually benefit from our services, but we -- when
we're dealing with special ed students, we're --

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Do you agree with this?
A. Well, it looks like that extra clause,
"the copyright law exemption," is a typo that
needs to be deleted since it doesn't seem to be
part of the sentence.
But excluding that clause -Q. Right.
A. -- I would say that I agree with this.
Q. So I'd like to skip down two paragraphs,
to the next passage I'd like to read to you.
"This copyright law exemption
is a social bargain which tries to
balance the needs of people who
are unable to read normal print
with the economic rights of
publishers and authors. It is not
simply based on who might benefit
from access to accessible
materials. It restricts the
exemption to a group of people who
are assumed to not be able to
access regular print materials
because of a severe disability.
Publishers and authors do not
receive a royalty under this

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we're bound by actually multiple legal regimes,
and we have to operate at the intersection of
those.
Q. Which brings me to the next passage on
this page that I'd like to read to you, in the
second paragraph.
"The standards set in the
U.S. copyright laws which permit
copying and distribution of these
copyrighted materials apply only
to certain specified groups of
people. Bookshare qualifies under
the Chafee Amendment, 17 United
States Code Section 121, to
provide such services which
would" -- "which would otherwise
be copyright infringement. Thus,
Bookshare does not set the rules
for qualification. It is very
important that Bookshare respect
these rules to ensure we can
continue to serve people with the
most significant disabilities when
it comes to reading print. The
copyright law exemption."

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copyright exemption, so they have
an economic interest in ensuring
it stays narrowly focused on the
2 percent of the population who
cannot read standard print."
Do you agree with this passage?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: As an informal expression
of how we operate, yes.
MR. KAPLAN: They didn't make this
exhibit very print accessible.
THE WITNESS: I'm -- I'm trying to
magnify it now.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Let's turn to page 12 of Exhibit 55.
A. Okay.
Q. Before, Mr. Fruchterman, we were talking
about membership costs -- do you remember that? -A. Yes.
Q. -- to join Bookshare.
So it says here:
"U.S. students free and other
individuals $50 annual and a $25
setup."
Is that still the normal individual cost

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to become a member of Bookshare?
A. If you're in wealthy countries and don't
have a third party paying for your service, or
we've comp'ed you for some reason on a very
limited basis, I think that's accurate.
Q. Okay.
MR. KAPLAN: Counsel, actually, I have a
question that goes to the stipulation.
When was this document created? When
did your office create this based on -- when did
you visit the Benetech web site to create this
document?
MR. HUDIS: We're in August? September?
MR. KAPLAN: September.
MR. HUDIS: August.
MR. KAPLAN: Okay. And is this a screen
shot or a PDF? How was it created?
MR. HUDIS: What's the program we use?
MS. CAPPAERT: We use?
MR. HUDIS: Yeah.
MS. CAPPAERT: Snagit.
MR. HUDIS: Snagit. These are Snagit
shots. Thank you.
MR. KAPLAN: Okay.
MR. HUDIS: So that was the software we

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must log in to use this page or
sign up for a Bookshare account."
My question, Mr. Fruchterman, is there a
log-in requirement to access Bookshare as a
member?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: If a person wishes to
download copyrighted materials, they need to have
a Bookshare account and have supplied proof of
disability and have paid the fee if applicable.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And once you've done all of that, do you
get a user name and password?
A. Yes. You tend to use your e-mail plus a
password, yes.
Q. Could we turn to page 15, of Exhibit 55.
A. Okay.
Q. So the first paragraph:
"Bookshare is a Benetech
initiative. Benetech operates
Bookshare under an exception to
copyright law called the Chafee
Amendment, 17 United States Code
Section 121, which makes Bookshare
legally possible in the U.S. The

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used to do these captures.
Q. Now, if an organization were to join
Bookshare, your schools could be joining for free,
and then other organizations -- how is this charge
rendered on 6 to $10 per book?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: So organizations can buy,
essentially, a package of downloads. And I think
that if you pay $300, you can download 30 titles,
30 books. So that would be a fee associated with
getting a group of books. So instead of buying a
subscription for each student, you can just get a
package of books.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And this -- and on page 12, it's
describing that package?
A. It has a link -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yeah. It has a link to
where those things are described, but it doesn't
actually describe those packages on this page.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Let's turn to page 13 of Exhibit 55. It
says:
"Welcome to Bookshare. You

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Chafee Amendment allows us to
provide copyrighted digital books
as long as they are available only
to people with bona fide print
disabilities. The Bookshare site
does not provide access to
copyrighted works for the general
public."
Do you agree with this statement?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. The next paragraph says -and I'm not reading the whole thing.
"Although the requirements of
the copyright law exception are
clear, Benetech has gone beyond
these requirements to ensure broad
support for the project. We have
been working for more than a
decade with the Association of
American Publishers, the main
American industry group, to
address publishers' concerns about
the design of the service."

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
42 (Pages 165 to 168)
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In what ways, Mr. Fruchterman, did you
work with the Association of American Publishers
to address their concerns about the design of
Bookshare?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Argumentative. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: This is another
confidential segment.
We had the meeting that we discussed in
prior testimony with the AAP roughly a year before
the launch of Bookshare. As part of that meeting,
we made various agreements around engaging the
publishing industry. Agreements that still hold
today include not surprising their general
counsel.
So any significant policy changes or
changes to our legal agreements, we give the
counsel for the association an early copy of those
and allow them to comment.
I think -- I think, in general, checking
in with them before we make major changes to the
service is the number one way. But over the
years, we've made quite a number of changes or
accommodations based on those conversations.

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back to their members and talk to them. So it's
an efficiency mechanism.
But there is a difference between things
we just do and things we've explicitly conversed
with them and maybe made changes as a result of
that conversation.
Q. So what I'm concerned about is how you
worked with the American -- with the Association
of American Publishers to make them comfortable
that the Bookshare site would not be subject to
abuse.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Was there a
question?
MR. HUDIS: Yes. I'll phrase it a
different way.
Q. In what ways did you work with the
Association of American Publishers to ensure
that -- to make them comfortable that the
Bookshare site would not be the subject of abuse?
That people in the sighted community would not be
able to download their content without permission,
without compensation?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: Okay. So we're now in a

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And that would include what we talked
about earlier; that's the storage of the content
on your service -- on your servers or, more
recently, the Amazon cloud -MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. -- in a secure manner?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I would differentiate
between things that are just the way we operate
the service and representations or changes we've
made in conversations with the publishers.
There are many, many things where we
simply say, We're doing it this way, and -- they
don't -- the association doesn't have any ability
to approve of our activities. It's not their
place, as it were.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Right.
A. They're simply a way to effectively
converse with the industry association and with
the industry. And if they see an issue that they
think their members want to hear about, they'll go

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much narrower area, and I'd say the
representations in our seven-point digital rights
management plan were the primary mechanism that we
dealt with that particular concern of the
publishing industry.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. The last sentence on that page,
page 15 of Exhibit 55, it says:
"With the extensive input
from consumers, authors,
publishers and leading
organizations, we have created a
model for Bookshare that can be
supported by a broad array of
interests."
What model is this passage talking
about?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: The Bookshare operational
model.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. How would you describe the Bookshare
operational model?
A. A package of technologies and policies

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
43 (Pages 169 to 172)
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and legal agreements and product features and -- I
mean, you know, it's a -- these things combined
create a service that delivers a value to people
with disabilities in a way that gets support from
these different stakeholders.
Q. Including the publishing industry?
A. Yes.
Q. Could we turn to page 16 of Exhibit 55.
Under copyright information, it says:
"Bookshare is an online
library that provides accessible
eBooks to people with print
disabilities. Bookshare meets the
requirements of the Chafee
Amendment which permits an
authorized entity like Benetech to
make books available to people
with print disabilities provided
that copies may not be reproduced
or distributed in a format other
than a specialized format
exclusively for use by blind or
other persons with disabilities.
Must bear a notice that any
further reproduction or

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. If we could go to page 17 of Exhibit 55.
What is the purpose of this page on
Bookshare's web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: This is part of our,
essentially, frequently asked questions, and it's
entitled "Digital Millennium Copyright Act."
And so as a -- and I'm not a lawyer, but
my understanding is is someone who provides access
to copyrighted material online, we are required to
have a DMCA agent to accept notices that there is
content on our web site that infringes the
copyright of others.
We frequently get DMCA notices from
authors or their agents or publishers saying, We
searched the web. This copyright work is on your
web site. Take it down.
And this is both explaining the DMCA
notice process at some level, as well as the, more
or less, if you don't know what the Chafee
Amendment is, you should look it up because we're
allowed to have it.
But I'm summarizing this in very direct

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distribution in a format other
than a specialized format is an
infringement. Must include a
copyright notice identifying the
copyright owner and the date of
the original publication.
'Specialized formats' means
Braille, audio or digital text
which is exclusively intended for
use by blind or other persons with
disabilities."
All right. So I've read this passage,
Mr. Fruchterman.
A. Right.
Q. Does this accurately describe the
overall way that Benetech makes reading materials
available to its members?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Misleading.
THE WITNESS: I think that these bullet
points that you just read recapitulate the
provisions of the Chafee Amendment, which is the
primary copyright exception that we use for making
copyright material to people with qualifying
disabilities inside the United States.

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terms, because it's very rare for someone to issue
us a DMCA notice that results in us actually
taking down the work because it's usually legally
permitted under the copyright amendment.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. The Chafee Amendment to the copyright?
A. The Chafee Amendment. Or often a
license from the author's publisher who gave us
the content, but the author and their agent
weren't aware this was one of the nice things that
their publisher did for their entire catalog of
books, not just that author.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could we turn to page
18 of Exhibit 55.
Is this text on page 18 Bookshare's
digital rights plan -- digital rights management
plan?
A. This is the current or, let's just say,
last month's current -- but I don't believe it's
changed since last month -- version of our
seven-point digital rights management plan that we
have discussed earlier.
Q. And what was the purpose of Bookshare
implementing this DRM plan?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
44 (Pages 173 to 176)
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foundation.
THE WITNESS: I would say that the
purpose of this was to represent to the
intellectual property industry, especially
publishers, that we were intending to follow the
law when it came to use of these materials. So it
was created for that original conversation we had
with the publishing industry quite a number of
years ago.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And when you say "these materials,"
that's the copyrighted materials on the Bookshare
web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Could we turn to page 19.
A. Mh-hmm.
Q. What's the purpose of this sign-up page?
That's page 19 of Exhibit 55.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: This is a screen shot that
appears to be of the individual sign-up for

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conditions of our -- of our -- of our agreement,
of our Bookshare individual membership agreement.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And if you could turn to page 20 of
Exhibit 55. Are those the terms and conditions of
the -- of the Bookshare web site?
A. It appears to be our standard Bookshare
membership agreement of a recent date.
MR. HUDIS: Counsel, same request. Can
we stipulate this is a business record of
Benetech?
MR. KAPLAN: Subject to your
representation that this is -- each page
represents a complete Snagit screen shot of a
particular web site or web page of the Benetech
web site, I believe so.
But can we go off the record for just a
second?
MR. HUDIS: Yes. I consent. We can go
off the record.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Okay. Going off the
record at 1:43.
(Discussion held off record.)
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Back on the record at
1:43.

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Bookshare that is collecting data about a
potential user in order to start the process of
becoming a Bookshare member.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And at the bottom it says -- it has a
check box, and then you would sign your name or
its equivalent.
Do you see at the bottom?
A. Yes.
Q. And by doing so you're agreeing to the
terms and conditions of the Bookshare web site.
Do you see that?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Is the -- the
question is whether or not he sees that check box?
MR. HUDIS: Counsel, good.
Q. Is the purpose of this check box to have
the user acknowledge that he or she is agreeing to
the terms and conditions of the Bookshare web
site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
MR. HUDIS: Thank you, Counsel.
THE WITNESS: Yes. I believe that that
check box and the filling in of your name
indicates that you're agreeing to the terms and

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MR. KAPLAN: So subject to Counsel's
representation regarding the contents of this
exhibit, we stipulate to its authenticity as
select web pages from the Benetech web site.
MR. HUDIS: All right. Now, that's the
authenticity. What about business record? That
was what I was concerned about. You stipulated to
the authenticity. We do have -- I do -MR. KAPLAN: You want a stipulation that
the statements in here are not hearsay for the
purpose of -MR. HUDIS: For what they contain.
MR. KAPLAN: I don't believe we can
stipulate that -- to that because, as far as I
know, we don't represent Benetech.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. So if you could -- if,
Mr. Fruchterman, you could put Exhibit 55 back in
front of you.
A. Yes.
Q. All right. So the pages on Exhibit 55,
I'm going to represent to you that they are Snagit
screen shots of the Bookshare web site.
So my question is are these pages items
of data compilations made by Benetech?

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
45 (Pages 177 to 180)
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A.
Q.
A.
Q.

You used a term of -Term of art.
-- that I don't know.
Okay. This is -- all right.
Is this content on Exhibit 55 content
that was created by Benetech and its employees?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: We also had the assistance
of counsel in creating some of this material,
and -BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. That person would count as an employee
of Benetech.
(Reporter interruption.)
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. No? All right.
A. I mean, we use -MR. KAPLAN: Maybe.
THE WITNESS: -- pro bono counsel -(Reporter interruption.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. One person. Okay.
A. Please frame a -Q. Better question?

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THE WITNESS: We maintain the web site
that serves these pages up, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And is it a regular practice of Benetech
to create web pages of the type shown in
Exhibit 55?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Calls for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: As far as I know, yes.
Should I have my general counsel here
for this part? Okay. All right.
MR. HUDIS: In my opinion, no. How's
that?
MR. KAPLAN: If you want to discuss it,
we should discuss it.
THE WITNESS: Let's see where else we go
with this.
MR. HUDIS: We're done with this
exhibit, so ...
THE WITNESS: Great.
MR. HUDIS: All right.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 56 was
marked for identification.)
THE WITNESS: Okay.

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A. Yes, please.
Q. Okay. So with the assistance of
counsel, was the content of Exhibit 55 created by
employees of Benetech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: The content that we
reviewed in Exhibit 55 was created by employees,
contractors, pro bono counsel, paid counsel, of
Benetech. I believe that's a comprehensive list
of the people who helped created this content.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the content created for the web
pages of Exhibit 55 made in the regular course of
Benetech's business?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls
for a legal conclusion. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: In the common
understanding of what that would mean, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. Was the content on
Exhibit 55 kept by Benetech in the regular course
of its business?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls
for a legal conclusion. Lacks foundation.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I show you what's been
marked as Exhibit 56.
Do you recognize the document?
A. Yes. It's an article I coauthored a
dozen years ago.
Q. You coauthored that with Alison Lingane?
A. Correct.
Q. At the bottom of the first page of
Exhibit 56, it says:
"The essence of the social
bargain between publishers and the
disability community was to
provide easier access to people
with disabilities while protecting
the economic interests of
publishers. Chafee" -I gather that means Chafee Amendment?
A. Correct.
Q.
"Chafee was drawn narrowly to
seal this bargain."
Do you still agree with this passage?
A. I do, though I was not present when the
Chafee Amendment was passed.
Q. If we could turn to page 2 of

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
46 (Pages 181 to 184)
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Exhibit 56. At the top it says:
"It is of course extremely
important that organizations
operating under Chafee do so with
the utmost integrity and with" -"and within the strict letter of
the law to protect this important
amendment that has provided such a
big leap forward for access."
Do you still agree with this passage?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. I'd like you to drop down under the
title "How Has Chafee Affected Education," to the
second paragraph. And then it -- and in the
second sentence of that paragraph it says:
"The Chafee definition of
entities authorized to make
accessible books is a nonprofit
organization or a governmental
agency that has a primary mission
to provide specialized services
relating to training, education or
adaptive reading or information,

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A. Yes.
Q. I draw your attention to the second full
paragraph. It says, "Even with Chafee."
Are you following me?
A. No.
Q. Okay.
A. So what page are we on again?
Q. Three.
A. Okay. All right. All right.
MR. HUDIS: Thank you. Thank you,
Counsel. Appreciate it.
Q. It says, in the second sentence of that
paragraph:
"Working with publishers
directly (individually or legally
mandated as with the IMAA) to
create a secure distribution
system to qualifying individuals
from original digital files would
save work for everybody, while at
the same time make access by
people with disabilities faster,
higher quality, and more
comprehensive."
First of all, do you still agree with

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access needs of blind or other
persons with disabilities."
Do you still agree with that?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes. That's an informal
summary of the requirements of the Chafee
Amendment.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And Bookshare complies with this
definition of "authorized entity"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you know whether the defendant in
this case, Public.Resource, qualifies under this
definition?
A. I am -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I am not an attorney, and
I have not investigated that either.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could we turn to page 3
of Exhibit 56.

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this?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: This is a very dated
document.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay.
A. And I would say that this was making the
case for Bookshare roughly in its first year of
existence, and I would say that we have
accomplished many of the things we set out to
accomplish as expressed in this paragraph with the
Bookshare solution that exists today.
Q. Did you investigate whether
Public.Resource has done this?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: My scope of my expert
engagement was to evaluate the accessibility of
several documents. I didn't do any legal research
on Public.Resource.Org and whether or not it
qualified.
MR. KAPLAN: I think you can say that
out loud.
MR. HUDIS: Okay. Counsel, I'd like to
go off the record.
MR. KAPLAN: No problem.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
47 (Pages 185 to 188)
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THE VIDEOGRAPHER: This is the end of
Tape Number 2 in the deposition of
James Fruchterman. The time is 1:53. Going off
the record.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 57 was
marked for identification.)
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Here begins Tape
No. 3 in the deposition of James Fruchterman.
Back on the record at 2:01.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I've marked as
Exhibit 57 and ask if you recognize the document.
A. Yes. It's an article I wrote seven or
eight years ago.
Q. What is the article of Exhibit 57 about?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It's a case study on the
creation of my nonprofit organization, Benetech.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So you describe in the first paragraph
your organization Benetech. And, again, it's
dated 2007, 2008.
"We build innovation
technology solutions and widely

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So providing technology solutions to
people with disabilities, that's Bookshare?
A. That's one of our projects in the area
of helping people with disabilities, yes.
Q. And then the other one was Route 66?
A. That's another one.
Q. All right.
A. There are more.
Q. And then in the human rights arena, that
would be Martus?
A. That is our primary product in that
field.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
THE WITNESS: Sorry.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And what is your project in the
environmental area?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: At the time, it was the
Miradi software project. M-I-R-A-D-I.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And what did Miradi do?
A. Essentially project management software
for environmental project managers.

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promote entrepreneurial models for
developing projects in the
nonprofit community. Benetech was
founded as a nonprofit social
enterprise in 1989 to pursue the
making of affordable reading
machines for the blind."
And it continues. It says:
"Because the market wasn't"
-- "wasn't interesting to my
original venture capital-backed
company."
Now, you were referring to Arkenstone?
A. No. Calera.
Q. Calera. All right.
And is that an accurate description of
why you founded Benetech?
A. Yes.
Q. And then it says:
"We've since branched out
into three major fields in the
social sector: Helping provide
technology solutions to people
with disabilities, human rights
groups and environmental groups."

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Q. If you could turn to page 86 of
Exhibit 57. In the middle of the page it says,
"Our initial reading machine."
Do you see that?
A. Yes.
Q. All right.
"Our initial reading machine
had four major components: The
PC, the Calera OCR board, a
DECtalk voice synthesizer board
and a Hewlett-Packard scanner.
Together, these three additional
pieces turned the standard PC into
a reading machine."
My question is, Mr. Fruchterman, are
these the hardware elements of an OCR reading
machine?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls
for speculation. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: This is a description of
our earliest reading system based on the Calera
TrueScan board.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could you please turn
to page 95 of Exhibit 57.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
48 (Pages 189 to 192)
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A. Yes.
Q. Now, we talked about this outside a very
narrow description, so I'd like to ask you here.
I am under Bookshare.org, the third full paragraph
which starts with "Jerry also came up with."
A. Yes.
Q. Okay. So I'm concentrating on the
second sentence of that paragraph.
"So a year before Bookshare
was ready" -Who is Jerry?
A. My counsel.
Q. Okay.
-- "Jerry got us a meeting with the
copyright committee of the
Association of American Publishers.
This committee is made up of the top
lawyers from the major publishers.
We explained how we would honor the
social bargain in the legal
exception: Help people with
disabilities while not hurting the
business interests of publishers and
authors. Giving them a year to work
with us to keep this social bargain

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A. I wrote a chapter for the book.
Q. Was the title of that book "Accessing
Books and Documents"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Form.
THE WITNESS: That was the title of the
chapter.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Thank you. I will reask the question
because it was very poorly asked.
Was your chapter of the book "Assistive
Technology for Visually Impaired and Blind People"
titled "Accessing Books and Documents"?
A. Yes.
Q. So, Mr. Fruchterman, I'm going to
represent to you that this Exhibit 58 is not the
entire book. The entire book -A. Great.
Q. -- spans over 700 pages. So I have only
provided a copy to you of your chapter.
A. Okay.
MR. KAPLAN: Is it Counsel's position
that this is fair use?
MR. HUDIS: It is Counsel's position
that it is fair use in the context of litigation
with this witness.

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gained us tremendous credibility
with the publishers and convinced
them not to sue us."
So we talked about before,
Mr. Fruchterman, about why, when you were founding
Bookshare, you were talking with the publishers.
Does this passage that I just read
accurately state why you met with the publishers
before Bookshare was founded?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes. This is a public
description of the strategy that our counsel came
up with for us.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 58 was
marked for identification.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I show you what's been
marked as Exhibit 58.
Are you familiar with the book
"Assistive" -- "Assistive Technology for Visually
Impaired and Blind People"?
A. Yes.
Q. Were you a contributing author to this
book of Exhibit 58?

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Q. Now, if you recall earlier today,
Mr. Fruchterman, we had discussed functional tasks
associated with a person with print disabilities
accessing content.
Do you remember that?
A. Yes.
Q. Okay. And you said that one of the
first functional tasks is to obtain the content?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. I'd like to read you here
from the -- from a portion of the first paragraph
of your Chapter 15 from Exhibit 58.
You see where it says, "Text
acquisition"?
A. Okay. What page are we on?
Q. Yes. It is the first page of your
chapter. So it's not numbered itself, but it is
page 555.
A. Okay. So we're on the first page, which
is the titled "Chapter 15. Accessing"-- "Learning
Objectives."
Q. Right.
A. Where am I looking right now?
Q. Okay. In the middle of that first
paragraph it says, "Text acquisition."

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Conducted on September 8, 2015
49 (Pages 193 to 196)
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A. Yes.
"Text acquisition can be" -(Reporter interruption.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. I'll read it. It says:
"Text acquisition can be as
varied as scanning the printed
page and doing the optical
character recognition to directly
downloading the text from the
Internet."
What were you describing here?
A. Acquiring the text.
Q. That's why I was -- I was curious as to
our conversation earlier today, where you said
text acquisition was not something you would use.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Confusing.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. So we had discussed the
functional tasks associated with accessing content
of a person with print disabilities. So I had
used "text acquisition." You said that was a
wrong phrase, so I'm -- I'm confused as to the
nature of text acquisition used here in
Exhibit 58.

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THE WITNESS: The question appears to be
what did you mean by these two activities?
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. (Nods head.)
A. Text acquisition and accessible
presentation is kind of what they mean. I'm a
little lost on -Q. As used in this paragraph in page -- in
Exhibit 58, what did you mean by "text
acquisition"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: I'm rereading the
paragraph.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mh-hmm.
A. I'm still trying to figure out the
context here of all of this.
I think I was talking primarily about
scanning the page in order to potentially getting
the content directly from the Internet, which in
this case I'd be probably thinking about
Bookshare.
Q. And what did you mean in this context as
used on page 555 of Exhibit 58 of "accessible

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A. The tasks described -MR. KAPLAN: Wait.
THE WITNESS: Sorry. Please.
MR. KAPLAN: Counsel, there needs to be
a question.
MR. HUDIS: Okay.
Q. What did you mean by "text acquisition"
in the context of the passage that I just read
from page 55 of Exhibit 58?
A. Our earlier conversation encompassed
other tasks beyond the two listed here.
Q. Okay. So the two listed here are text
acquisition and accessible presentations. And
that says:
"Accessible presentations
range from having a human reader
narrate the text to enlarged
print, to Braille, to synthetic
speech."
So what I'd like to know is what did you
mean by these two activities as described here on
page 55 of Exhibit -- 555 of Exhibit 58, "text
acquisition" and "accessible presentations"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Confusing.
Vague. Misstates the document.

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presentations"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Confusing and
vague.
THE WITNESS: Well, I think this covers
territory that we've discussed before of how does
a person with a disability access an inaccessible
print document. One way is that a human being
reads it aloud, or it can be made larger, or it
can be made Braille, or it can be made synthetic
speech. And there are obviously other ones beyond
those as well as the four examples given here.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Could we turn to page 556 of Exhibit 58.
Mr. Fruchterman, this book, "Assistive
Technology for Visually Impaired and Blind
People," was published in 2008.
So do you recall approximately what year
you wrote Chapter 15?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Confusing.
Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: I would assume either in
2008 or in 2007.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. So turning to page 556, it says:
"Magnification is the

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
50 (Pages 197 to 200)
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traditional method for addressing
vision loss and access to text."
Is this still true today?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Confusing.
THE WITNESS: Yes, 'cause it's described
as a traditional method. So the fact that another
few years have gone by, it's still a traditional.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. The next paragraph describes Braille as
a -- one of -- was probably the most significant
adaptive technology advance for the blind of the
1800s.
Is Braille still used by blind people
today?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
Mischaracterizes the document. Vague.
But go ahead.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Skipping down another two paragraphs, it
says:
"These three alternative
techniques for accessing print,
magnification, tactile Braille and

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technique still in wide use today.
The Perkins Brailler and Braille
printing presses are important
tools for professionals to use to
create Braille books. And
human-narrated books are widely
available on audio cassettes."
We've replaced audio cassettes at this
point with technology, but the rest of it, are
these still document transformation methods in use
today?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. And that -- and the ones
that I'm pointing to are having the sighted person
read aloud, the Perkins Brailler and a Braille
printing press.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: All of these are still in
use today.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Now, the next paragraph, it says:
"Technology in use today has
greatly expanded the options
available for accessible reading

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audible speech, are at the core of
almost all book and document
access technology for the visually
impaired."
So my question is are these still three
alternative techniques for accessing print by the
print-disabled?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: These are three -- these
are still three alternate techniques used for
accessing print by the print-disabled, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. If we could now skip down two
paragraphs. It describes these transformations in
the past -- and the transformations, I gather, is
talking about what precedes this paragraph.
"These transformations in the
past have required human
intervention. Generally a sighted
person reworks the document into
accessible form."
And it says here:
"The original approach was to
have the sighted person read aloud
to the visually impaired person, a

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and lessoned the need to have a
sighted person intervene in the
process. We now have Braille
transcription software, personal
Braille embossers, refreshable
electronic Braille displays for
audio. We have computer
synthesized voices to speak aloud
digital text, also known as text
to speech or TTS."
My question is, are these technologies
still in use today as nonhuman intervention
methods for the print-disabled to access printed
material?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. The next sentence says:
"With reading systems that
use optical character recognition,
or OCR, we can provide access to
Braille, audio and customized
visual displays directly from the
printed page."

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
51 (Pages 201 to 204)
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Why is this important?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Because we want to turn
inaccessible print books into forms where disabled
people can access them using OCR.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Could we turn to page 557 of Exhibit 58.
At the bottom of page 50 -- 557 to the
top of 558 it says:
"Authors and publishers of
books are concerned about piracy
and worry about making books
easily available in electronic
form, although they rarely object
to access for people with
disabilities."
Do you believe this is still true?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could we turn to page
558.
A. Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: We were there.
MR. HUDIS: We were there. Okay. Thank

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MR. HUDIS: Yeah. Correct. Excuse me.
You're right, Counsel, it's the last two
paragraphs.
THE WITNESS: Two paragraphs.
MR. KAPLAN: Both paragraphs.
MR. HUDIS: Yeah.
Q. Are those the steps in OCR technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Those are some steps in
OCR technology, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could you turn to page
562 at the top. And I'd like to know, are these
typical types of OCR errors? And what's described
here are misrecs, nonrecs, drops and adds.
A. I -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I would say those are
common OCR errors.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What happens with these common OCR
errors are encountered?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
MR. HUDIS: I'll reask the question.
Q. If any of these OCR errors are

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you.
Q. I would like to direct your attention to
the middle of the page, where it starts "however."
A. Yes.
Q. All right. It says:
"However, the image cannot be
directly used to generate Braille
or synthetic voice output."
Why is that?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation. Incomplete hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: You need to convert the
inaccessible image into a text file in OCR.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could you turn to page
560 of Exhibit 58.
This paragraph at the bottom of page 560
talks about the image processing steps of -- in
OCR. And it talks about despeckling, orienting
and straightening the page, recognition of
specialty fine characteristics and recognition of
a character or glyph.
Are those the -MR. KAPLAN: You're talking about the
last full paragraph, not the last paragraph?

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encountered, what happens when the printed text is
converted to speech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Incomplete hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: Depending on what the
error is, a person listening to the text might
hear something different in the word.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Could it be garbled text?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yeah, it really depends on
the error. I mean, humans listening to text, you
know, will they notice an error? It depends on
how extreme it is. For example, if R and N get
turned into M, you know, you might hear it was a
case of modem times. Person is going to say, Oh,
it's probably modern. But 'cause that's -- that
was a common error.
It gets -- it's been less common in
recent years because "modem" isn't as common a
word now as it was once. And the OCR engines do
tune themselves for statistics in language.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could you please turn
to page 565 of Exhibit 58.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
52 (Pages 205 to 208)
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What is the DAISY standard?
A. The DAISY standard is a standard for
delivering accessible books to people with
disabilities.
Q. Is that standard still in use today?
A. It is.
Q. By whom?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: The DAISY consortium is
essentially the leading libraries for people with
print-disabilities, and I believe almost all of
the DAISY members' libraries use the DAISY format
as part of their system of delivering accessible
books to their disabled patrons.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is this a proprietary format?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Confusing.
MR. HUDIS: I'll ask -- I'll reask the
question.
Q. Is DAISY a proprietary format by the
participating libraries in the consortium?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Confusing.

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What is required for use of DAISY
technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Well, the DAISY standard
is a format for digitally delivering typically
books, but could be other kinds of documents. It
encompasses digital text, structure, audio, video,
pictures, tactile graphics.
And so a DAISY book might contain one or
all of those different elements without respect to
how it was created or how it will get used. It's
just a file format.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And -MR. KAPLAN: Can we, when you're done
with this line of questioning, take a very short
break?
MR. HUDIS: Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: Thank you.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And DAISY -- DAISY-processed texts can

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THE WITNESS: My understanding is the
DAISY format is shared widely so that anyone can
use the standard and it is not proprietary to the
members.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Does this technology require use of a
PDF file?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: It's the antithesis of a
PDF file.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. And why do you say that?
A. Because PDFs are frequently not
accessible in the form that they present
themselves.
Q. Without OCR technology?
A. That's -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: That's one of the problems
with PDFs. Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. So does -- does the DAISY
technology require use of an OCR-processed PDF
file?

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be delivered either by an audio DAISY book or a
full-text DAISY book, correct?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
incomplete hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: Those are two ways a DAISY
book can be delivered.
MR. HUDIS: That's it for this, so let's
take a break.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Going off the record
at 2:30.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 59 and
60 were marked for identification.)
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Going back on the
record at 2:38.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, are you familiar with
the litigation titled "Authors Guild Versus
HathiTrust" which was litigated at the trial level
in New York Federal Court in Manhattan in 2011 and
2012?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
argumentative.
THE WITNESS: Yes.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. What do you recall about who the
plaintiffs were in the HathiTrust litigation?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: I remember it was
primarily the Authors Guild. That was certainly
the public face. I believe there were some
foreign authors associations or publishing
associations. I'm a little confused, but I know
they were foreign entities. Probably a couple
specific authors. That's my recollection
primarily from reading the press coverage of the
case.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you remember what the plaintiffs'
legal claims were in the HathiTrust case?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: The case was always
described as one over allegations of copyright
infringement.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you remember who the defendants were
in the HathiTrust case?
A. The HathiTrust is an assemblage of
research libraries that basically had a large book

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witness. But I'm not a lawyer, so -- but I
understand that that's not the same thing.
MR. KAPLAN: I think the issue is you
did not submit an expert report in that case.
THE WITNESS: Thank you, Counsel, for
the legal advice.
MR. KAPLAN: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So, Mr. Fruchterman, is that true, what
Public.Resource's counsel said, that you did not
provide an expert's report in the HathiTrust case?
A. That is my understanding, yes.
Q. Okay. Now, these questions all have to
do with the HathiTrust case.
Did you testify at any deposition?
A. No.
Q. Did you testify at any trial?
A. No.
Q. Did you submit any expert's reports?
A. No.
Q. Okay. Did you submit any declarations?
A. Yes.
Q. Okay. Do you know what a summary
judgment motion is?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.

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scanning repository that they were using.
Q. Do you remember what legal defenses
those defendants asserted in the HathiTrust
litigation?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls
for a legal conclusion.
THE WITNESS: As publicly reported, it
was primarily defenses of fair use and
Section 121.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And that's the Chafee Amendment?
A. Yes.
Q. What role, if any, did you play in the
HathiTrust litigation?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I provided declarations in
the case and an amicus brief.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Were you an expert witness for the
intervener, the National Federation for the Blind?
A. I don't believe I met the definition of
"expert witness."
Q. Why do you say that?
A. Because I prepared a declaration, which
I've been told is different than being an expert

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THE WITNESS: I have a decent idea as
someone who has been familiar with legal affairs
as a business and nonprofit executive.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. In that context, what's your
understanding of what a summary judgment motion
is?
A. That rather than going to trial, the
plaintiffs or defendants create a motion to the
judge saying, Based on what you've seen, are we
done?
Q. Did you submit any declarations in
support of a summary judgment motion in the
HathiTrust case?
A. Yes.
Q. Do you remember how the HathiTrust
Digital Library operated?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I have a general
familiarity with how it operates, but I have not
studied its operation in detail.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What's the nature of your general
familiarity?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
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THE WITNESS: That the HathiTrust
collection is made available to faculty, students
and staff of the member libraries.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And what was the source of the materials
for the HathiTrust Digital Library?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague. Calls for speculation.
THE WITNESS: I believe, based on press
reports, that the primary source is the Google
book scanning project.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And what -- what were the sources of
material that were scanned as part of the Google
scanning project for the HathiTrust library?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation. Vague. Calls for speculation.
THE WITNESS: My general understanding,
it was the collection of the libraries of these
research universities.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I placed in front of
you what's been marked Exhibits 59 and 60.
Do you recognize the documents?
A. Yes. I believe these -- first is my

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aren't quite as garbled. If you go to -MR. KAPLAN: 118.
MR. HUDIS: I believe, but cannot
confirm, that Mr. Fruchterman's declaration was
submitted once without the attachments as Document
Number 80 and then again with the attachments as
Document Number 118.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, if you could tell me,
is there anything on pages 1 through 7 of
Exhibit 59 that you would change at this time.
Something that you believe is incorrect?
Something that you believe, upon further inquiry,
you would supplement? Is there anything you would
change in this declaration?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I will read it. So ...
MR. HUDIS: That's why I wanted to do it
off the record.
Can we go off the record?
MR. KAPLAN: No. No.
MR. HUDIS: You want to burn the time
up?
MR. KAPLAN: It's your question.
MR. HUDIS: That is my question.
THE WITNESS: My first reaction -- and I

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declaration, and then a supplemental
declaration -- declaration.
Q. So on Exhibit 59, is that your signature
on page 7?
A. Yes.
Q. And the date of the signature is
June 28th, 2012?
A. Yes.
Q. And Exhibit 60 on page 4, is that your
signature?
A. Yes.
Q. And is your signature in Exhibit 60
dated July 17, 2012?
A. Yes, it appears to be.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman -MR. KAPLAN: Counsel, the docket number
is garbled in Exhibit 59.
MR. HUDIS: It is.
MR. KAPLAN: Do you happen to know what
that is?
MR. HUDIS: The problem is, the document
was submitted twice. I believe the documents in
the HathiTrust litigation are Document Numbers 80
and 118.
THE WITNESS: Looks like the exhibits

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will continue as I read the document, though -- is
that in the facts relied upon, these are dated
figures. And so if I was saying how many books we
had or how many members we had, I would update it
to a current number because this is a few years
old. So that's my first change of things that I
would -- I would change.
At Number 16, I guess -- what would you
call these numbers to the left here in the
declaration?
MR. HUDIS: Mh-hmm.
THE WITNESS: Item 16?
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Paragraph.
A. Paragraph 16.
In paragraph 16, at that time, it was
close to 200 publishers. Now it's over 500
publishers, so I would update the number.
In paragraph 23, we cite average numbers
of cost per book. I think these numbers are
dated. They're going to be higher now.
In paragraph 28, I talk about image
descriptions, K-12 textbooks in highest demand.
We actually -- I think that at this point in time,
we probably devote less towards image descriptions

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
55 (Pages 217 to 220)
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than we did at the time of this declaration three
years ago. That was in paragraph 28.
Okay. That's the end of that
declaration. So those are the items I would
update or change.
Q. Okay. So of the items that you mention
that you want to update, I'd like to talk about
paragraph 23 on page 5 of Exhibit 59.
You said that today, in contrast to when
you created this declaration in 2002 -- 2012, it
would cost more per book to make it accessible to
the print-disabled. My question is why?
A. So this paragraph cites two different
figures. One is an average cost across the books
that we're scanning. I believe that it's going to
cost more both because costs have gone up per unit
of effort and because the books that we're
converting on average are more complex than they
were three years ago. And so because the greater
complexity of book, the greater the cost.
So I wouldn't stand behind this current
number of $40 a book because I'm quite certain
it's higher. I don't know exactly how much higher
unless I inquire of my team, but that's the
impression I've gotten from that.

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unit of work have gone up from our outsourcers and
it may be that our textbooks are getting more
complicated. So I'm not certain. That number
probably has changed. It's probably not less than
$400 a book, but I would have to inquire since
this is a dated declaration.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, if you could turn to
page 6, paragraph 25, of your declaration of
Exhibit 59. It says:
"Bookshare divides books into
six levels based upon their
complexity."
Is this -- does Bookshare use these
levels of complexity today?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In what way?
A. Primarily as a -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Primarily as a cost and
management tool for our outsourcers.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So as I read paragraphs 25 and 26, I

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Q. Well, so you cited two possible
increases in cost. One was more complex books.
Is the first one labor costs?
A. The cost of our contractor to do a given
amount of work costs more today than it did three
years ago.
Q. So it's outside contractor work?
A. Yeah. Most of our paid costs are from
outside contractors.
Q. I thought it was members who scan books
for Bookshare.
A. At the origin of Bookshare, it was
mainly members scanning for each other. With our
Department of Education funding, we're required to
deliver high-quality books to students. We
actually pay outsourcers to proofread the books.
And that's a significant expense.
Q. So excuse my rudeness, Mr. Fruchterman.
I cut off your answer on why it would cost more
than $40 per book. I did not let you talk about
the $400 per book on the next page.
Is there anything you would change about
that cost?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Other than our costs per

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would like to know if this statement is true: As
the complexity of the books you are scanning
increases, it costs more to scan the book and make
it accessible to those with print disabilities.
MR. KAPLAN: Counsel, is this a
statement in paragraph 25 -MR. HUDIS: No.
MR. KAPLAN: -- or 26?
MR. HUDIS: No. It's a summary, and I
want to know if he agrees with it.
MR. KAPLAN: Okay. I'm sorry. That was
my confusion. Do you want to try that again
and -MR. HUDIS: I do.
MR. KAPLAN: -- I can state my
objections?
MR. HUDIS: Sure.
Q. Based upon what you've written here in
paragraphs 25 and 26, is it true that as the
complexity of the scanned material increases, it
costs more to scan the book and make it accessible
to those with print disabilities?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Incomplete hypothetical.
Go ahead.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
56 (Pages 221 to 224)
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THE WITNESS: It costs more to proofread
the book. And so if by "scan" you mean scan and
proofread, yes. But scanning, the complexity of
the page doesn't change the cost to scan a page.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, you go into great
detail about how Bookshare operated, at least in
2012, in paragraphs 12 through the 29.
My question, why was there no discussion
in this declaration of Exhibit 59 of all the
security protocols Bookshare uses to prevent
unauthorized access by the sighted community to
Bookshare?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Privileged.
Calls for information protected by Rule 26 of the
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. And I don't
think -- I think that I'm instructing the witness
not to answer. I instruct the witness not to
answer.
THE WITNESS: I agree.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. And you're going to adhere
to Counsel's instruction?
A. I am.
Q. Okay. Mr. Fruchterman, could you turn

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What's your recollection of Mr. Clancy's
description of the HathiTrust web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I don't think that's what
I said in this sentence.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. What did you say and what did you
mean in this sentence?
A. I reviewed Dan Clancy's description of
Google Books project. Stop. And I also reviewed
the HathiTrust web site. And based on those two
things, I concluded this opinion.
Q. Okay. So my question is, what do you
recall of -- I see what you're saying. Okay.
So what do you recall of your review of
the HathiTrust web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I've looked at the
HathiTrust web site since this time, and so I'm
not sure I can distinguish between those.
But it discussed how they were going to
make available the full text of all of these works
to students who they provided access to.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. Do you recall what security

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to page 2 of Exhibit 59. It says, on paragraph
9 -- are you there?
MR. KAPLAN: Almost.
THE WITNESS: Page 2. Just the second
page.
MR. HUDIS: You've got it rolled over.
That's why.
THE WITNESS: You're at the back.
MR. HUDIS: You're at the back.
MR. KAPLAN: Which exhibit? Oh, I'm
sorry. I thought you meant the declaration. I'm
sorry. There's only one exhibit. Exhibit 59,
page 2.
MR. HUDIS: Right. Paragraph 9.
Q. You say:
"Having reviewed
Daniel Clancy's description of
Google's Book" -- "of the Google
Books project and the HathiTrust
web site, it is my opinion that
the HathiTrust provides the best
opportunity for [sic] blind
students will ever have to access
a comprehensive digital library of
university collections."

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measures the HathiTrust web site used to prevent
unauthorized access?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Calls for a legal conclusion. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: I believe that they used
authentication protocols common in the university
systems for authenticating faculty, staff and
students.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was that a user name and password?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes. Primarily.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, let's now turn to
Exhibit 60, your supplemental declaration in the
HathiTrust litigation. Please read through the
document and tell me if there's anything today you
would change about the document and what you wrote
here.
A. As before, I would change numbers that
are based on the date of this declaration.
Oh, you're having problems with the
captioning again.

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
57 (Pages 225 to 228)
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MR. HUDIS: No. I'm having problems
with -MR. KAPLAN: Scrolling.
MR. HUDIS: -- what was put down as your
answer.
(Record read by the reporter
as follows:
ANSWER: As before, I would
change numbers that are based on
the date of this declaration.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So which numbers would you change?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yeah. Paragraph 1 -- 2 -sorry, paragraph 2, I cite how many users, how
many books, what our monthly capacity is. I would
update those to current figures.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So it would be more?
A. Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: Description.
THE WITNESS: Sorry.
That's it.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Are paragraphs 4 through 12 of

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Why is there no discussion of the
HathiTrust security measures in this declaration
of Exhibit 60?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.
And I will instruct the witness not to
answer to the extent that it calls for privileged
communications or information protected by Rule 26
of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, first of all, will you
adhere to counsel's instructions?
A. Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: First -BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And can you -MR. KAPLAN: Yeah. Okay.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And can you answer my question without
revealing the substance of attorney-client
communications?
A. No.
Q. In making the statement "I believe that
the risk of online piracy or unauthorized copying

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Exhibit 60 still today an accurate description of
Bookshare's seven-point digital rights management
plan?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. If we could turn to paragraph 1, page 1,
of Exhibit 60. You say:
"Based upon my experience
with the Bookshare online library
for people with print
disabilities, I believe that the
risk of online piracy or
unauthorized copying and
distribution of works made fully
available to individuals" -"individuals with print
disabilities through the
HathiTrust is minimal."
What was the basis for this statement
that you made in paragraph 1?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Confusing. The
document speaks for itself. Vague.
THE WITNESS: My declaration explains
why, at length.

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and distribution of works made fully available to
individuals with print disabilities through the
HathiTrust is minimal," did you review the
security measures on the HathiTrust web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not beyond previously
discussed.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, do you recall what the
outcome was in the HathiTrust litigation?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls
for a legal conclusion. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: I do.
MR. KAPLAN: I'm sorry. Scratch the
last objection.
THE WITNESS: I do.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. What -- and what was -- what
is your understanding of the outcome of the
HathiTrust litigation?
A. That the motion for summary judgment by
the defendants was granted by the district court
judgment and upheld in an appellate court
decision.
Q. And did you -- did you review the

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
58 (Pages 229 to 232)
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district court's opinion after it was issued?
A. I did.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 61 was
marked for identification.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I'd like you to turn to
page 4 of what's now been marked as Exhibit 61.
It is the district court's opinion in the Authors
Guild, Inc. versus HathiTrust, et al., reported at
902 F.Supp.2d 445 and the date of the decision is
October 10, 2012.
MR. KAPLAN: Counsel, it's a Westlaw
printout.
MR. HUDIS: Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: Including Westlaw's
commentary and descriptions and additional
material that was not contained in the original
decision.
MR. HUDIS: Noted.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could you please turn
to page 4 of the document.
A. Yes.
Q. And it says, under "Background,"
"Defendants"-- are you with me?
A. Yes.

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digital copy of each scanned work
to the universities which includes
scanned image files of the pages
and a text file from the printed
work."
Was that also your understanding of how
the HathiTrust Digital Library worked?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: This describes much more
of what Google does than what the HathiTrust does.
It simply says that it gave them a copy. It
doesn't actually describe what the HathiTrust does
with the copy.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So -- and then it says:
"After Google provides the
universities with digital copies
of their works, the universities
then contribute these digital
copies to the HathiTrust Digital
Library."
Is that your understanding -MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. -- of how the HathiTrust Digital Library

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Q. All right.
"Defendants have entered into
agreements with Google Inc. that
allow Google to create digital
copies of works in the
universities' libraries in
exchange for which Google provides
digital copies to defendants, the
mass digitization product or MDP."
Was that your understanding of how the
HathiTrust library worked?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Confusing.
THE WITNESS: Yes. Generally.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. If we could turn to page 5
of Exhibit 61. At the top left-hand corner, it
says:
"After digitization, Google
retains a copy of the digital book
that is available through Google
Books, an online system through
which Google users can search the
content and view snippets of the
books. Google also provides a

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worked?
MR. KAPLAN: Still vague.
THE WITNESS: To the extent it's stated
here, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And then skipping below Footnote 4, it
says:
"For works with known
authors, defendants use the works
within the HDL or HathiTrust
Digital Library in three ways:
Full-text searches, preservation
and access for people with
certified print disabilities. The
full-text search capabilities
allow users to search for
particular terms" -- "a particular
term across all the works within
the HathiTrust Digital Library.
For works that are not in the
public domain or for which the
copyright owner has not authorized
use, the full-text search
indicates only page numbers on
which a particular term is found

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59 (Pages 233 to 236)
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and the number of times the term
appears on each page."
Was that your understanding of how the
HathiTrust Digital Library worked?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: This states my
understanding about how some of the Hathi digital
trust works.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. At the bottom of page 5,
starting at the bottom of the left-hand column and
going to the top of the right-hand column, it
says:
""Since the digital text in
the HDL or" -MR. KAPLAN: Wait. Wait. Okay. I
found it.
THE WITNESS: Okay.
(Reporter interruption.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q.
"Since the digital texts in
the HathiTrust Digital Library
became available, print-disabled
students have had full access to the

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A. Stop. Stop.
MR. HUDIS: Yep.
THE WITNESS: Okay. So it's the last
partial sentence there. All right.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Yes. So it says:
"Defendants respond with a
declaration from the individual in
charge of security for the works
in the HathiTrust Digital Library
who describes the security
measures in place" -- citing to
the Snavely declaration -- "and
notes that the libraries have been
certified as a trustworthy
depository by the Center for
Research Libraries."
Do you see that?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. Is that your understanding
of how the security measures of the HathiTrust
Digital Library worked?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: It's consistent with my

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materials through a secure system
intended solely for students with
certified disabilities."
Was this also your understanding of how
the HathiTrust Digital Library worked?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I didn't think they
excluded disabled faculty and staff from their
system. I thought it was not just students, but
also faculty and staff.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. But, otherwise, you would agree with
this statement?
A. I think I'm less familiar with what the
secure system actually was. I -- but that they
had access, I did understand.
Q. Which brings me to my next question.
Could you turn to page 15 of Exhibit 61.
A. Okay. I'm on page 15.
Q. I'm reading from the bottom of the
right-hand column.
It says:
"Defendants respond with a
declaration from the individual in
charge" --

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understanding of the access control portion of the
system, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And that was -- the access control
portion of the system was a user name and password
access?
A. Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Misstates testimony. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I'm done with
Exhibit 61.
A. Okay.
Q. Do you know, Mr. Fruchterman, if the
plaintiffs appealed the trial court's decision in
the HathiTrust litigation?
A. I do.
Q. And what's your understanding? Did
they -- did the plaintiffs appeal?
A. They did.
Q. Okay. What role, if any, did you play
in the HathiTrust appeal?
A. I filed an amicus brief with our chief
competitor/collaborator in the field.

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60 (Pages 237 to 240)
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Q. And who was that?
A. Learning Ally.
Q. Do you recall what the outcome was in
the HathiTrust appeal?
A. That the appellate court sustained, for
the most part, the district court's decision to
grant a summary judgment.
Q. Did you review the appeals court opinion
in the HathiTrust litigation after it was issued?
A. Yes.
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 62 was
marked for identification.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman -MR. KAPLAN: It's getting confusing.
We're switching from Westlaw to Lexis?
MR. HUDIS: What can I tell you.
THE WITNESS: Okay.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So, Mr. Fruchterman, I now place in
front of you what's been marked as Exhibit 62. It
is, as Counsel noted, the Lexis reported version
of the Second Circuit Court of Appeals decision in
Authors Guild versus HathiTrust reported at 755
F.3d 87. The decision was issued on October 30,

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disability' is any disability that
prevents a person from effectively
reading printed material.
Blindness is one example, but
print disabilities also include
those that prevent a person from
physically holding a book or
turning pages."
First, Mr. Fruchterman, do you agree
with the court's description of what a print
disability is?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes, in general.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Continuing, the court says:
"To use this service, a
patron must obtain certification
of his disability from a qualified
expert. Through the HathiTrust
Digital Library, a print-disabled
user can obtain access to the
contents of works in the digital
library using adaptive
technologies such as software that
converts the text into spoken

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2013.
MR. KAPLAN: Is that -BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman -- did I get something
wrong, Counsel?
MR. KAPLAN: I think it was decided on
June 10th, 2014.
MR. HUDIS: Oh, it says -MR. KAPLAN: Argued October 30th, 2013.
MR. HUDIS: Counsel, thank you. All
right. So it was argued in October 2013. And the
decision was issued on June 10, 2014. Thank you.
Appreciate it.
Q. If you could turn to page 7 of
Exhibit 62. Mr. Fruchterman, I'm reading now from
the top of the right-hand column of page 7.
Are you with me? It says "second."
A. Yes.
Q. Okay. It says:
"Second, the HathiTrust
Digital Library allows member
libraries to provide patrons with
certified print disabilities
access to the full text of
copyrighted works. A 'print

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words or that magnifies the text.
Currently" -- I guess it means at
the time of this decision -- "the
University of Michigan's library
is the only HDL member that
permits such access, although
other member libraries intend to
provide it in the future."
With respect to individuals with print
disabilities, Mr. Fruchterman, do you agree with
the Court's description of how the HathiTrust
Digital Library worked?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Compound. Confusing.
THE WITNESS: Yes. I think it's a
decent summary of my understanding of the state at
the time of the decision.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, if you could now turn
to page 13 of Exhibit 62.
Now, starting towards the bottom of the
left-hand column and continuing to most of the
right-hand column of Exhibit 62, page 13, it
describes -- and the Court says:
"The record before us

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documents the extensive security
measures the libraries have
undertaken to safeguard against
the risk of a data breach."
And citing to the Wilkins' declaration.
As part of your work in the HathiTrust
litigation, did you ever review the Wilkins'
declaration?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. As part of your work in the HathiTrust
litigation, did you review the security controls
that the HathiTrust Digital Library employed?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 63 was
marked for identification.)
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I have now marked a
document as Fruchterman Exhibit 63. It's ten
pages. I'd like to know if you recognize the
document.

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MR. HUDIS: Thank you, Counsel.
MR. KAPLAN: For the sake of brevity and
to be clear, I just wanted to point out that
there's multiple comments.
MR. HUDIS: Right.
THE WITNESS: That I've written multiple
comments?
MR. HUDIS: Yes.
THE WITNESS: Okay. Sorry. Thank you.
MR. KAPLAN: I don't want you to be
misled.
MR. HUDIS: That wasn't my intention.
MR. KAPLAN: I know it wasn't.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, just let me know when
you're ready.
A. All right. Read the rest of the
comments after my -MR. KAPLAN: No.
MR. HUDIS: I'm not going to ask -MR. KAPLAN: Advertisements after that.
THE WITNESS: All right. Cool. So the
question?
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Yes. Mr. Fruchterman, first of all, the

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A. I recognize it as an article that I
believe I've read at least a portion of.
Q. Now, it is entitled "The Internet
Archive's Open Library is violating authors'
copyrights," and it bears a date of July 10, 2013.
Mr. Fruchterman, did you provide any
comments to this article?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I will take a moment to
examine the comments.
I think it's a possibility that I
submitted a comment on this, but I didn't find it
on the initial inspection. Maybe I need to reread
more carefully.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. We're going to go over that.
A. There we go. I just found my comment.
Q. Okay.
A. So, yes.
Q. All right. So you recall Exhibit 63 as
being a blog post by Chris -MR. KAPLAN: I'm going to ask the
witness to review the entire document.
MR. HUDIS: Sure.
THE WITNESS: Okay.

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author, Mr. Meadows, on page 2 refers to top of
the page -- third paragraph that starts with "and
some of those modern eBooks."
A. Okay. I'm -- on which page?
Q. Page 2.
A. Page 2.
Q. Okay. And the paragraph starting "and
some of those modern eBooks."
A. Yeah.
Q. All right. He says:
"And some of those modern
eBooks for the print-disabled are
only available in protected DAISY
format."
Do you see that?
A. Yes.
Q. Would you describe the DAISY format as a
protected format?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: There are DAISY format
books that have protections on them and those that
do not. DAISY by itself does not require
protection.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Does the -- does the DAISY format come

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with protections, some of them?
A. Some -Q. I'll reask the question.
Do some textual material available in
DAISY format come with access protections?
MR. KAPLAN: Calls for speculation.
Lacks foundation. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Some DAISY libraries use
digital rights management technical protection
mechanisms and some -- well, some -- we do, but I
would characterize our books as unprotected rather
than protected in the common understanding of what
"protected" means.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In the context of the question I'm going
to ask you next, I'd like you to refer to, on
page 2, the text that Mr. Meadows has called out
in tan -- in a tan background.
Do you see that?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. And it says -- it's the
copyright page of X-COM PDF.
"No part of this book may be
reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic

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A. Because, for example, if I believed
them, I could not operate the Bookshare library on
that title. And I think that's incorrect.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I want to verify. Did
you write this post of July 12, 2013, at 8:06 p.m.
on page 4 of Exhibit 63?
A. I would agree that I wrote these posts.
Q. And did you also write the post on
July 12, 2013, at 10:45 p.m., which spans pages 4
and 5 of Exhibit 63?
A. Yes.
Q. I just want to get some context here
just to make sure.
"SFWA" stands for the Science and
Fantasy Writers of America?
A. I believe it's Science Fiction and
Fantasy Writers of America.
Q. Okay. And you say here at the bottom of
page 4 to the top of page 5:
"In the case of SFWA, we
committed ourselves to be against
digital piracy (already our
approach since we're an example of
legal copying without permission,
didn't want to support illegal

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or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording or by any
information storage or retrieval
system without written permission
from Prima Publishing, except for
the inclusion of quotations in a
review. All products and
characters mentioned in this book
are trademarks of their respective
companies."
Do you see that?
A. Yes.
Q. In your comment of July 12, 2013, at
8:06 p.m. on page 4 -A. Yes.
Q. -- of Exhibit 63, you say:
"Restricted language in a
printed book like that quoted from
the copyright page of the X-COM is
a useless gesture."
What did you mean by that, that it was a
useless gesture?
A. As a nonlawyer, I read it as asserting
powers that they don't have.
Q. Why?

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copying without permission) and
increased respect for authors'
rights in the quality of their
accessible version of their work."
Mr. Fruchterman, what did you mean by
this sentence?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Compound.
THE WITNESS: Benetech signed an
agreement with SFWA that contained many of the
things I'm summarizing here. So, yes, we had an
agreement with the Science Fiction and Fantasy
Writers of America that could be summarized with
this sentence.
MR. HUDIS: So, Sebastian, we're going
to go into Mr. Fruchterman's expert's report. I
think now would be a good time to take a break
before we dive into that.
MR. KAPLAN: Okay. I was wondering if
we were going to get there.
MR. HUDIS: Now -THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Going off the record
at 3:34 p.m.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
(Whereupon, Deposition Exhibit 64 was

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marked for identification.)
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Here begins -- here
begins Tape No. 4 in the deposition of
James Fruchterman. We're back on the record at
3:48.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I place in front of you
what's been marked as Exhibit Fruchterman 64.
This is your expert's report?
A. Yes.
Q. And you've reviewed it before testifying
today?
A. Correct.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I'd like you to turn to
page 1.
A. Yes.
Q. In the first paragraph at the top, it
says:
"As an expert in
accessibility of written materials
for people who have disabilities
that affect using standard print,
people who are print-disabled, I
have been retained by
Public.Resource.Org to evaluate

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THE WITNESS: Not in this report.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you intend to offer any expert
opinions in this litigation other than that's
contained in your expert's report of Exhibit 64?
A. Am I?
MR. HUDIS: Note, Counsel has pointed to
the -THE WITNESS: To my expert report.
MR. HUDIS: To his expert's report.
THE WITNESS: I don't -- I believe that
I'm here to talk about the matter of accessibility
of this document, but -MR. KAPLAN: Sorry.
THE WITNESS: -- if I'm asked some other
question and it's okay with the Court, I will
answer any other question.
MR. KAPLAN: I'm just pointing you to
the last sentence of the second full paragraph of
your expert report.
THE WITNESS: "I reserve the right
to change or supplement this
report if additional evidence comes
to my attention and to prepare
demonstrative and/or exhibits to

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the accessibility of certain
content that had been available on
the web site of the defendant in
this case."
Do you see that?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. And as you use
"accessibility" in this report at the top of
page 1, that's consistent with the definition of
"accessible" or "access" that we discussed this
morning?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And when you discuss people who are
print-disabled, that's consistent with the
definition of "print-disabled" that you testified
to this morning?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. You are not offering your
expertise on any other topic related to this
litigation?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.

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explain my opinions as appropriate."
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Other than the reservation in your
expert's report that you just read into the
record, do you intend to provide any other expert
opinions in this case other than what's in your
expert's report of Exhibit 64?
A. I do not intend to.
Q. So you're offering your opinion or
evaluation on the accessibility of certain content
that had been posted at one time on
Public.Resource's web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
compound.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Your evaluation on the accessibility of
content that had been posted on the
Public.Resource's web site concerns the 1999
edition of the Standards for Educational and
Psychological Testing.
A. Yes.
Q. And if we refer to that document as "the
1999 standards," you'll understand what I mean?
A. Yes.

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Q. You are not offering your evaluations on
the Internet posting of any other content related
to this litigation, other than the 1999 standards?
A. On two different web sites, yes.
Although, I will note that I searched for them on
other web sites.
Q. So apart from the Public.Resource web
site and the Internet archive web site, you were
not offering your evaluations on the Internet
posting of the 1999 standards to any other web
site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I didn't find them on any
other web site.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. That's not what I asked, though.
So what I asked was you are not offering
your evaluations on the Internet posting of the
1999 standards to any other web site besides
Public.Resource's web site and the Internet
Archive web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes, I am offering my
evaluation on the availability of the 1999
standards on other web sites where I did not find

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MR. KAPLAN: Because you sent it to us.
MR. HUDIS: We actually -MR. KAPLAN: I think.
MR. HUDIS: Well, no.
MR. KAPLAN: Actually, I don't know.
Matt handled that part of it.
MR. HUDIS: Yeah. We actually -- all
the counsel waived the expert fee for all experts.
MR. KAPLAN: Yeah, that may have been
the other case.
THE WITNESS: I don't know. It said $40
on the thing that I was shown this morning. And
so -- which I didn't remember seeing.
MR. KAPLAN: Okay.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Whether for compensation or not,
Mr. Fruchterman, did you enter into any agreement
with Public.Resource in connection with your
participation in this litigation?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was it a written agreement?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative
and vague.

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them.
(Reporter clarification.)
THE WITNESS: 1999.
MR. HUDIS: 1999.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, your entire
participation in this litigation is pro bono?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for a
legal conclusion. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I am offering my time pro
bono, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. You are not receiving any compensation
for your participation in this litigation?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not for my time, no.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Are you receiving compensation for any
other purpose for your participation in this
litigation?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I have not been offered
any compensation up till this point for any
expenses I have incurred with respect to this,
though, in theory, you sent me a check for $40,
but I didn't get it.

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THE WITNESS: Yes.
MR. HUDIS: Counsel, just noted, we have
never been provided with that agreement. We
didn't think that it was necessary to ask for it
by way of subpoena since that's part of what's
required under Federal Rules 26.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman -MR. KAPLAN: Where is that required
by -MR. HUDIS: Well, it's part -- that's
what's part of the expert's report.
MR. KAPLAN: I'm sorry. I don't know
what you mean by that.
MR. HUDIS: Part of the -MR. KAPLAN: Looking at
Rule 26(a)(2)(B)?
MR. HUDIS: (a)(2)(B).
MR. KAPLAN: I don't see it.
MR. HUDIS: It's -- I believe it's the
last item.
MR. KAPLAN: The statement of the
compensation to be paid for the study and
testimony in the case is what the rule says.
MR. HUDIS: So anyway, Counsel, I just

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Conducted on September 8, 2015
65 (Pages 257 to 260)
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note that the agreement that Mr. Fruchterman has
just testified to was not produced. We think it
should be.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, if you could turn to
page 3 of your expert's report. And when I say
"expert's report," just note for the record that I
am constantly referring to Exhibit 64 so I don't
have to constantly say it over and over again.
A. Yes.
Q. Are you there? All right.
So, Mr. Fruchterman, you limited the
focus of your report to accessibility challenges
faced by totally blind people.
MR. KAPLAN: Is there a question?
MR. HUDIS: Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: What is the question?
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. You limited the focus of your report to
accessibility challenges faced by totally blind
people.
A. That sounds like a statement.
Q. All right. Do you -A. Do you want to reframe it as a question?
Q. Sure. Mr. Fruchterman -A. Thank you.

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Q. Can you find that in your expert's
report?
A. Reading from the page that we're
referring to:
"The other groups of people
with print disabilities use
similar technologies to access
print, such as having it read
aloud, and experience similar
challenges as blind people. In
the accessibility field, it is
generally understood that if you
make information accessible to a
blind person, it will probably
also meet the accessibility needs
of the great majority of people
with other print disabilities."
I can continue to search my report for
other references that I feel address that need.
Would you like me to do that?
Q. Go ahead. I don't think you'll find
them, but please go ahead.
A. Okay. On page 6:
"The unavailability of a
version of the 1999 standards that

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Q. -- did you limit the focus of your
report to accessibility challenges based -- faced
by totally blind people?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I believe that I talked
about a variety of people with different
disabilities and that I focused my report on the
needs of people with -- who are blind, because
they generally have the most severe needs. But I
did discuss the needs of other people with print
disabilities.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Well, Mr. Fruchterman, you did not
consider print accessibilities -- accessibility
problems faced by the visually impaired.
A. That sounds like a statement again.
Do you want to reframe it as a question.
Q. All right. Well, that's either a yes or
no.
Isn't it true, you did not consider
print accessibility problems faced by the visually
impaired?
A. I believe I did consider the
accessibility problems of people who are visually
impaired.

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is accessible to people who are
blind or print-disabled is
problematic because the 1999
standards are important references
for those making tests that are
accessible to students who are
print-disabled as well as those
impacted by these tests."
Q. And that's your -- that, in your view,
is a discussion of making print content available
to people with -- who are visually impaired?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: I include them in the
definition of people with print disabilities. I
have an additional line I can read from this page.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Please.
A. I will look for more references to print
disabilities, but as a starting point,
"This also means that it is
an important resource to any
students or other individuals with
print disabilities who want to
assess compliance with the 1999

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
66 (Pages 261 to 264)
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standards. The unavailability of
the 1999 standards means that some
of those who are most impacted,
people who are blind or
print-disabled, are unable to
independently access the 1999
standard."
Q. So in that -- in that passage that you
just read, you are equating people who are totally
blind with people who have print disabilities?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Misstates the document and the testimony.
Confusing.
THE WITNESS: My phrase is "people who
are blind or print-disabled." That way I was
including people who are print-disabled who aren't
blind, but I wasn't meaning to say that blind
people are not print-disabled.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Just so we have a working context here,
so "print-disabled" can mean the following:
Totally blind?
A. Correct.
Q. Somebody who has low vision?
A. Right.

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Asked and
answered. Vague, confusing.
MR. HUDIS: I don't believe he's
answered the question.
MR. KAPLAN: That's your opinion,
Counsel.
THE WITNESS: So the question, why did I
focus on that?
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Yes.
A. I think from our extensive discussion
today, that taking an inaccessible print document
and turning it into text is a fundamental element
of accessibility.
A person with a physical disability who
cannot turn a page can greatly benefit from having
a digital copy of that book so that they can, for
example, use electronic controls to turn the page.
So when I say that I focused on the
needs of blind people, is if you solve the needs
of blind people, you solve the needs of every
other one of the categories of print-disabled
persons that are in that definition.
Please. And I note that I haven't
actually gone through the rest of the report to

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Q. Somebody who is learning-disabled?
A. Okay.
Q. Someone who is brain-injured?
A. Mh-hmm.
Q. And someone who is physically disabled
so that the person cannot pick up text?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
misleading.
THE WITNESS: That describes, I'd say,
over 95 percent of people with print disabilities,
but there are quite another -- other diagnoses
that would qualify as print disabilities beyond
those.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right.
A. For example, cortical blindness would be
an example of something where the eyes work fine,
but they still can't perceive.
Q. All right. So, Mr. Fruchterman, I turn
now back to page 3, the second paragraph. What I
want to know is why did you say:
"I focused on the
accessibility challenges that
would be experienced by blind
people"?

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look for more examples of this. There may be
more. But I'll let you manage the time of how I
spend that time.
Q. Thank you, Mr. Fruchterman.
A. Certainly.
Q. All right. Now, looking at page 3, at
the bottom, it's the third full paragraph, which
also spans to page 4, you say:
"The most common technology
used by a blind person for
accessibility is called a screen
reader."
First of all, what is a screen reader?
A. Quoting from the report, a screen reader
is a program that runs on a personal computer or a
smartphone that reads the information on the
screen aloud using a computer-synthesized voice.
Q. Is that also known as text to speech or
TTS?
A. It utilizes text to speech as the most
common way of outputting information from a screen
reader.
Q. In your report, did you consider the
accessibility of the 1999 standards through screen
magnification systems?

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Conducted on September 8, 2015
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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I don't believe that I
discussed screen magnification in this report.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In your report, Mr. Fruchterman, did you
consider the accessibility of the 1999 standards
through a portable magnifier?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No, I did not.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In your report, did you consider the
accessibility of the 1999 standards through a
video magnifier?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No, I did not.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In your report, did you consider the
accessibility of the 1999 standards through
closed-circuit television technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No, I did not.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. In your report, did you consider
the accessibility of the 1999 standards through
Braille display technology?

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. It's Braille technology using a slate
and stylus.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: The question still doesn't
make any sense to me.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In your report, did you consider the
accessibility of the 1999 standards through a
Braille embosser?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes, because you emboss
text by sending it -- basically, you create a
Braille document by sending text to the Braille
embosser, like a printer.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Text in what form? Digital text?
A. Yes.
Q. And that would have to be OCR scanned
digital text or text recognized?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Compound.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: Any text can be sent to a
Braille printer, much as any text can be sent to a
print printer.

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I might have. Yes, I did.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Where?
A. On page 11, second sentence.
"Because the text is provided
in the standard format, such as
Microsoft Word, a blind person is
able to listen to the text or
access it using a digital Braille
device. This kind of text content
is also highly accessible to
people with other print
disabilities and the assistive
telling technology they use to
access print. For example, people
with low vision or dyslexia often
use a screen reader to read text
aloud."
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, in your report, did you
consider the accessibility of the 1999 standards
through writing Braille?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: As phrased, that question
doesn't make sense to me.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you consider the accessibility of
the 1999 standards through refreshable Braille?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes, when I use the phrase
"a digital Braille device," I was referring it -basically to all types of digital Braille devices,
which would include an embosser, a note taker, a
Braille display. It would not include slate and
stylus.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, now I'd like to know
your understanding of the following terms we've
used.
What is a screen magnification system?
A. It is software that operates on top of a
PC or device to magnify what's on the screen.
Q. And what is your understanding of a
portable magnifier?
A. Most commonly, a magnifying glass. But
there are other variations on the theme.
Q. Can it include a video magnifier with a
handheld camera?
A. It can.
Q. And what's your understanding of what a

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68 (Pages 269 to 272)
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video magnifier is?
A. It would be a -- most commonly a device
with a camera and a monitor attached to it that
would magnify what's in the field of view of the
camera.
Q. Is that also known as closed-circuit
television technology?
A. That's another term for the same.
Q. And you said that you considered the use
of Braille display technology.
What is your understanding of Braille
display technology?
A. Do you want to know how it works?
Q. No. Just your understanding.
A. It takes text and displays Braille to
the reader in a tactile form.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I'm turning again now
to page 3 of your expert's report at the bottom.
Please describe generally how screen
reader technology works.
A. Screen reader is a separate software
program that operates on top of the program that
the person is using at that moment and changes
generally the visual and auditory presentation of
that material, most commonly by reading what's on

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A. Yes.
Q. System Access from Serotek?
A. Yes.
Q. ZoomText from Ai Squared?
A. ZoomText is a combination screen reader,
but most people think of it as a screen
magnification product.
Q. And NVDA open source screen reader.
A. Yes.
Q. Would screen reader technology work with
an image-only PDF document?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Some do. Some screeners
also have image magnification as well as screen
reading. So you can make it big or change the
contrast by reversing the contrast or changing the
colors, so -- but that would be not the typical
use.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What is the typical use of screen reader
technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Confusing.
THE WITNESS: Generally, to read what's

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the screen aloud.
Q. All right. And is that example of text
to speech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Different users use their
screen reader with different forms of information.
The most common is text to speech. But, for
example, a deaf/blind person uses a screen reader
with a Braille display, and the text is -- that's
on the screen is presented on the Braille display.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And, again, so that -- if it's a blind
and deaf person, it would be a tactile Braille?
A. All Braille is tactile. Or at least all
sensible uses of Braille are tactile, though there
are sighted people who can read Braille visually,
so ...
Q. I'd like to know if you recognize these
as brand names of screen reader technology.
JAWS from Freedom Scientific?
A. Yes.
Q. Window-Eyes from GW Micro?
A. Yes.
Q. Okay. Dolphin SuperNova from Dolphin
Computer Access?

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on the screen aloud in words.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So text to speech?
A. Yes.
Q. So would screen reader technology for
text to speak -- text to speech work with an
image-only PDF document?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, please turn to page 4
of your report. And I'm focusing in on the first
full paragraph of that page. The paragraph starts
"For the purpose of this report."
Do you see that?
A. Mh-hmm.
Q. And the second sentence says:
"Based on the information the
screen reader can glean from the
pages displayed on the screen, can
a blind person locate the standard
and read it."
In this context, what did you mean by
"locate the standard"?

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
69 (Pages 273 to 276)
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A. In this context, I was focusing on web
searches.
Q. And in this context, what did you mean
by "read the standard"?
A. Basically, read it aloud, generally,
would be the most common use.
Q. Which, if the person was blind, could
not do?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: Well, if they located a
text version of the standard, they certainly could
read it aloud.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. They'd need assistive technology to do
so?
A. Yes. But when -- when I use the term
"can a blind person read it," I'm presuming that
they're using technology to read it as opposed to
something else.
Q. And when you say "use technology," what
did you mean?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Okay. Taking a step back.

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In the context of that sentence, what
did you mean by "assistive technology"?
A. I would include all the different
technology that people, in this case blind users,
would use to -- to access information.
Q. And that would include the technologies
we discussed previously?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. All right. So in the
context of a totally blind person, that would
include screen reader technology?
A. Most commonly, yes.
Q. But it would not include screen
magnification systems because that would be of no
use to a blind person?
A. Many of the tasks that I examined, I was
also considering whether other people with print
disabilities could use that same content because,
as I've noted, people with low vision and dyslexia
often use screen readers as well.
Q. My question was screen magnification
systems would not be of use to a blind person;
isn't that correct?

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Sure.
A. When a blind person says "I've read a
book," they mean that they have ingested the
content of that book in a way that would be
similar to what a sighted person would do. And
whether they did that in Braille or by listening
to it, or if they're low vision, seeing it
enlarged, they, in the common use of "I read that
book," a blind or vision-impaired person would
mean those things without describing the
technology that they happen to use to read that
book.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I'm looking now at the
second full paragraph on page 4.
"The accessibility tasks I
tested were designed to assess
whether a blind user with basic
assistive technology skills could
perform the same kind of tasks one
might expect a user without a
disability to perform in accessing
a given standard without requiring
the intervention of a third
party."

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: A screen magnification
system would not be useful to a completely blind
person, that is correct.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. And closed-circuit
television technology would not be of any use to a
completely blind person -MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. -- that is also correct?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, at the bottom of page 4
of your report, what did you mean by "the
functional approach as a method of assessing
accessibility"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Can a person with a
disability functionally do tasks similar to those
of people who do not have a disability?
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So that's to obtain the content, to read

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the content, and make structural use of the
document?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Confusing.
Misstates testimony. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I included do a full-text
search and find specific mentions of terms of
interest.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Now, you call the functional approach
"the most common method of assessing
accessibility."
Do you see that?
A. Yes.
Q. Are there any other methods of assessing
print accessibility?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: There are, let's say,
attempts to say do these ten things, and your
document will be accessible. And those approaches
have often fallen short of actually being usable
by disabled people.
So when implementing accessibility,
people usually focus on functional elements, like
can a person with a disability actually do this
task, as opposed to did you follow a checklist,

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Vague.
THE WITNESS: I would do a Google search
on "automated accessibility tools" and I would
find a bunch of them.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Are there any ones that you know of as
we sit here today?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I have certainly used them
in the past, and I find them through Google
searches. And I've certainly -- I've used one in
the last year. I just don't memorize their brand
names because they're generally free on the
Internet.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Can you recall any such automated tools
by their -- by its brand name?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I know early on, the
Center on Applied Special Technology, CAST, had an
elevated tool for assessing this, and it had a
name like Willie (phonetic) or Sammy (phonetic) or
something. But, no, I don't. I know -- I can
remember a brand name, CAST, who was the original
publisher of this accessibility tool.

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which might end up in resulting in them not being
able to do that task.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Are there any other usable methods of
assessing print accessibility besides the
functional method?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes. You could design a
completely automated tool that purported to
access -- to assess accessibility.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And what would such an automated tool
do?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: It might show -- okay.
These tools do exist. And like any pattern
recognition system, they have errors. They pick
up problems that aren't problems. They miss
problems that are problems. And they don't see
things that they weren't designed to see.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Could you give me an example of such an
automated tool?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So other than automated tools and the
functional approach for assessing print
accessibility, can you name any other method as
you sit here now for assessing print
accessibility?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Well, I would certainly
refer you to the W3C web content accessibility
guidelines that specify a standard for
assessing -- I would say that they primarily
follow a functional approach, but they also have a
proscriptive approach.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What is the proscriptive approach?
A. I think I've kind of alluded to it
earlier. It's to follow a set of specifications
without actually testing them.
An example of a proscriptive approach is
don't have flashing lights that go at a certain
number of hertz because it might trigger an
epileptic seizure. So that's something, for
example, that -- don't do this. And there's no
need to test this on an epileptic person to see if
it generates a seizure. Just don't do this.

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71 (Pages 281 to 284)
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Q. So as I understand your definition of "a
proscription approach to assessing print
accessibility," it is a checklist of items without
testing them in context?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Misstates
testimony. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Correct.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In your report, what distinction do you
make, Mr. Fruchterman, between one who is blind
and one who is otherwise print-disabled?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
Vague.
THE WITNESS: I consider blind people to
be a subset of those people with print
disabilities.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In what way is a blind person a subset
of people with print disabilities?
A. Let me rephrase that more carefully.
There are, let's say, a population of
people who have print disabilities, which I would
generally define functionally as having a
limitation when it comes to accessing print.
People who have a visual impairment that is

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, I'd like to create a
shorthand so that we can be efficient in the rest
of your testimony.
So referring back to your expert's
report at page 5, the first paragraph:
"I was asked to review the
accessibility of the 1999 edition of the
standards for people who are blind or
otherwise print-disabled."
I'm going to use the term "accessibility
review."
Can you -- can we use that as a
shorthand for the work you did in the report you
have given us?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Calls for
speculation.
THE WITNESS: Fine.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. What tools did you use for your
accessibility review of the 1999 standards?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: A variety of technological
tools, usually using a computer, assistive
technology, web browsers, commonly available

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commonly described as blindness are one of those
people.
But there are many people with other
print disabilities that do not meet the definition
of blindness as its commonly understood.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman -MR. KAPLAN: Jonathan, we've been going
almost an hour. Do you want to take a break when
you've reached the end of a line of questions?
MR. HUDIS: Actually, now is a good
time.
MR. KAPLAN: Okay.
THE WITNESS: Okay.
MR. KAPLAN: Go off the record at
4:28 -THE WITNESS: I guess I moved, huh?
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: You did, but people
do.
THE WITNESS: Right after saying that I
didn't move, I, of course -THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Going off the record
at 4:29.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: We are back on record
at 4:37.

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software.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Was the ABBYY FineReader one of those
tools?
A. Yes.
Q. And was Window-Eyes one of those tools?
A. Yes.
Q. And you used those pieces of software on
a Windows-based PC?
A. Yes.
Q. As part of your accessibility review,
what did you use the ABBYY FineReader software
for?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: One of the two standards I
was examining was an image-based PDF, and I used
the ABBYY FineReader software to do optical
character recognition on the image-based PDF to
create a text version of the standard.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And when you use the term "the
standard," you're talking about the 1999
standards?
A. Correct.
Q. Do you remember what version of the

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ABBYY FineReader software you used?
A. No. But a recent one from this year.
Q. Do you know how the price of the ABBYY
FineReader program that you use compares with
competitor OCR software programs on the market?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I'm familiar that they
range from free or nearly free to many thousands
of dollars.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And where would the ABBYY FineReader
program fall in that spectrum?
A. I don't know. I didn't buy it.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, in your report, you use
two different terms, and I'd like to know if there
is a distinction with a difference or a
distinction without a difference.
On page 8, the first full paragraph at
the bottom, you use the term "recognized text."
Do you see that?
A. As in the resulting word processor file,
a recognized text -Q. Yes.
A. -- could then be read using a screen
reader?

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accessible text?
A. Recognized text is text that has been
created through a process using recognition.
Accessible text is digital text without regard to
its source production mechanism. For example, it
could be created digitally by typing it into a
word processor, and it would be accessible text
without it ever having been recognized.
Q. So recognized text, for example, would
be to use OCR technology on a PDF image-only
document?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: That would be one way to
produce recognized text.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. Now, accessible text, an
example would be creating a Word document, but
that's not necessarily using recognition
technology?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Incomplete hypothetical.
THE WITNESS: There are many ways you
can create a Word document.

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Q. Yes.
A. Okay.
Q. And then on page 10 at the top, you use
the term "accessible text." It's the sentence
just before the picture.
A. Accessible -MR. KAPLAN: That's the end of the
question.
MR. HUDIS: I wanted him to look at the
two different terms for reference.
THE WITNESS: I've looked at the two
terms.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. Now, here's the question:
Do you make any distinction between "recognized
text" and "accessible text"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What is the distinction?
A. Recognized text is a subset of
accessible text.
Q. So let's have these definitions one at a
time.
What is recognized text and what is

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And using -A. And they would generally be accessible.
Q. All right. So one way to create
accessible text would be to use Microsoft Word?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: There are many ways to use
Microsoft Word, but typing into Microsoft Word
would be an example of a way to create accessible
text.
Copying, pasting from an Internet
document web page into a Word document would be
taking accessible text in one program, a web
browser, and putting it into a different program,
a web or processor.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And the distinction with -- you're
making with recognized text is you are taking text
that's in an image document, using technology to
recognize it and make it accessible?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: Yes. That's one way to
create recognized text.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. If you know, how commonly is the ABBYY
FineReader software used by the blind or visually
impaired to convert textual material to recognized
text?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Compound.
THE WITNESS: I think of it as one of
the top two commercial OCR products that are
frequently used in the production of recognized
text.
Many blind consumers have OCR products
that are built into assistive technology products.
Many of those license the ABBYY FineReader or
other leading commercial products. So the
technology is the same, but the product
presentation would be different.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Referring to the top of page 5, why did
you also use the free online OCR service as part
of your accessibility review?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I just chose to use
another OCR engine. And by doing a Google search
on OCR, I found a free online OCR, and I thought,

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in the ABBYY FineReader, one which I looked at
more pages on. But it didn't seem like a
significant number.
Q. As part of your accessibility review,
what did you use the Window-Eyes software for?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Window-Eyes is one of the
leading screen readers, and so I was confirming
that functional element of being able to do the
process and read the recognized text aloud.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you recall what version of
Window-Eyes software you used?
A. No. But it would have been a current
one from this year.
Q. Do you know how the price of the
Window-Eyes program that you use compares with
competitor screen reader software programs on the
market?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I'm aware that it's free
to people who have Microsoft Office. That's
probably why I chose it.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Is Window-Eyes sold as a stand-alone

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Wow, let's see, let's see if it works as well on
that one. Yeah, it does.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. In the context of your accessibility
review, how did the OCR conversion process using
the free online OCR service compare with the
conversion process you used using the ABBYY
FineReader software?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Confusing.
THE WITNESS: I visually inspected the
pages and didn't see a noticeable difference in
OCR accuracy.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And what is your definition of "OCR
accuracy"?
A. Well, in this context, do I spot a bunch
of errors or not. And I didn't spot very many
errors at all, actually.
Q. You did spot a few?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Confusing.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you spot any errors?
A. I am sure I spotted at least one error

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program?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Lacks
foundation.
THE WITNESS: It historically has been.
But I had read of this offer through Microsoft,
buying it for all Microsoft Office users, and saw
that, well, I'll use the free one.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you know what the price of the
stand-alone product is for Window-Eyes?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: I don't recall a current
price. In the past, it was generally cheaper than
JAWS. Hundreds of dollars as opposed to a
thousand dollars or more than a thousand dollars.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Generally, without going into minute
detail, what steps does the Window-Eyes program go
through to convert textual material into
synthesized speech?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: So think of the
synthesized speech as a printer for words. You
send a stream of words to it, and it says them

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aloud, much like a printer puts them on a page.
So a screen reader has a bunch of
controls so the user can kind of say what they
want spoken, the stop speech, that's the most
important control. It also analyzes the structure
of a document if that structure is available to
it. Analyzes what's on the screen.
And so, you know, a screen reader will
tell you different things depending on whether
you're examining a Word document, a web page, an
Excel spreadsheet. But the goal is through the
use of your -- generally, your keyboard as your
input mechanism to control things and listening,
you glean the information from the program and the
content in the program that you need to access the
information.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. How commonly is Window-Eyes software
used by the blind or visually impaired to convert
textual material into synthesized speech?
A. I think of it as the number two screen
reader.
Q. Which is the number one?
A. JAWS.
Q. What other tools, if any, besides the

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
MR. HUDIS: I haven't asked a question
yet. You like that.
Q. So the tools that you used as part of
your accessibility review included the ABBYY
FineReader software?
A. Mh-hmm.
Q. The free OCR service?
MR. KAPLAN: Are we doing it this way?
Okay. Objection. Vague.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you want to do it one at a time and
say yes or no or -MR. KAPLAN: That's how you started
doing it, but you're the questioner.
MR. HUDIS: Okay. Right.
Q. I'm going to list the tools I believe
that you have used as part of your accessibility
review, Mr. Fruchterman, and I'd like to know at
the end of my list if I have mentioned them all.
The ABBYY FineReader software; the free
OCR service; the Window-Eyes screen reader
program; the third-party web sites mentioned in
your report, which is on page 5; a web browser;
web search engines; Microsoft Word; and Adobe

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ABBYY FineReader program, the free OCR service,
Window-Eyes and a Windows-based computer did you
use as part of your accessibility review?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Web browser. Web search
engines. The web sites of different
organizations.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And you listed them in your report?
A. Yes. I think that covers -- did I say
Microsoft Word?
Q. You have now.
A. Yeah. Certainly those seem to be all
the significant ones that come to mind.
Q. I just want to make sure that I have a
list of all the tools that you've used as part of
your accessibility review for this report. So I'm
going to list them -A. Add one more?
Q. Yes.
A. Adobe Acrobat Reader.
Let me pause for a second.
Okay. Continue.
Q. So I'm going to list them, and I want to
make sure I have a complete list.

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Acrobat Reader.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I think my report also
mentions going to Amazon.com.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Anything else?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Public -- sorry. Internet
Archive.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Any other tools?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not that I recollect.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, on pages 5 through 6 of
your report, it says you searched library catalogs
that serve the print-disabled and conducted an
online Google search to find electronic versions
of the 1999 standards; is that true?
MR. KAPLAN: Are you summarizing or are
you quoting?
MR. HUDIS: Summarizing.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Misstates the document. Confusing.
THE WITNESS: Yes.

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What -- in this context, what did you
mean by an "electronic version"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: A version that a person
could find and download, ideally, in a text
format. But an image-only format would have been
the next best thing.
And then, I guess, the print version
would have been the third best thing. And then I
did find a used version of the book available for
sale on Amazon.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. So you did not find an
electronic version for download either in text
format or image format?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Correct.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. You did find a print version of the 1999
standards for sale on Amazon.com?
A. Correct.
Q. Did you capture the Amazon.com web pages
showing the 1999 standards for sale on that site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.

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preparation for people with disabilities.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you determine -- did you attempt to
determine the level of the demand for the 1999
standards by the -- by persons who are blind or
visually impaired?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not beyond the sites at
the web sites that I mentioned and plus the fact
that it wasn't on any of the web sites was at
least some indication that -- I guess what would
you say -- there are many, many books that people
with disabilities desire that are not available in
accessible formats. So -- but if it was already
available in accessible format, that would have
been an indicator that someone had requested it or
that someone had thought it was worth doing
proactively.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So is the converse true, the fact that
it was not available in electronic format on the
Internet, as you searched for it, means there was
not a high demand for it in digital form?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Confusing.

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THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. All right. Did you document the
availability of the 1999 standards for sale on
Amazon.com in some other way?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: Not beyond noting it in my
report.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you document your searches for the
1999 standards online?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: No, I did not document
them beyond stating in my expert report that I
performed them.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Do you know the demand for the 1999
standards by persons who are blind or visually
impaired?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not beyond the mentions by
a couple of the leading organizations in the field
that this is a relevant document in test

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THE WITNESS: I don't think you can
reach that conclusion by its lack of availability
alone.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What other facts would you need?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Incomplete
hypothetical. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I might measure if
Google -- like, for example, how many times it was
searched for on Google. That would be some
indication of -- of demand for this particular
document.
The fact that I was able to find the
document cited at blindness organizations made me
think that it was, relatively speaking to other
books and education, more important than many
other books. So let's just say middling
importance.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. I'm sorry, Mr. Fruchterman, I've never
heard the word before.
What is your definition of "middling"?
A. This book -Q. The 1999 standards?
A. -- was referred to in documents on both

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the American Printing House for the Blind and the
American Foundation for the Blind's web sites.
MR. KAPLAN: You just want to answer his
question, which is define "middling."
THE WITNESS: Definition of "middling."
Above zero. Below infinity.
MR. KAPLAN: That defines it as moderate
or average in size of note to rank.
THE WITNESS: It's not a "Harry Potter"
book. It's not the political history of Albania
from 1960 to 1980.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So the fact that the 1999 standards are
mentioned in publications for the blind does not
tell you the level of demand for the 1999
standards by people who are blind or otherwise
print-disabled?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: I disagree.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Why?
A. Because there are many blind educators
and many blind students. And testing of blind
people is a very big issue in the blindness field.

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certainty that it's not in the hundred thousands.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And you could probably say with
certainty that it's not in the hundreds.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
THE WITNESS: I'm not -MR. KAPLAN: Misleading.
THE WITNESS: -- really certain of that.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. You have no knowledge as you sit here
about the level of demand for the 1999 standards
by the blind or the visually impaired?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Asked and
answered. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not beyond the
considerations I've already expressed.
MR. HUDIS: Counsel, what I'm about to
put in front of the witness was already marked
during Mr. Malamud's deposition. Do you want us
to re-mark it as a separate exhibit for this
deposition?
MR. KAPLAN: I think we can use the same
exhibit number. In this case, not in that case?
MR. HUDIS: Yes.
I'm going to give a copy to the court

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The number of books specifically mentioned as
relevant to the blindness field is very small
because the publishing of the American Printing
House on topics concerning blind people or the
American Foundation for the Blind is very small.
The fact that it's mentioned at two
different web sites as an important reference work
to me is a statement that it is far more likely to
be interesting to a blind person, knowing what I
know about the blindness field, than some random
other title. It's an indication that this is a
relevant book.
I am certain that some blind person has
said, I wish I had a copy of this book in an
accessible format, though no one has actually said
that to me. I'm quite certain that that has
occurred to a blind person in the United States.
Q. So the fact that the 1999 standards are
relevant to some blind people does not tell you
whether the demand for the 1999 standards are
something that blind people would want to acquire
in the tens, the hundreds, the thousands, the
hundred thousand, is it?
MR. KAPLAN: Vague. Argumentative.
THE WITNESS: I could tell you with

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reporter. Just note for the record that the
document I'm now putting in front of the witness
was marked as Exhibit 34 during Mr. Malamud's
deposition on May 12, 2015.
THE WITNESS: Do you need to do anything
with it? Okay. And the mike got kind of knocked.
I don't know if that matters. Okay. All right.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, could you please pull
out Exhibit 59 that was previously marked at your
deposition today. It's in the pile of documents
in front of you.
That's your declaration from the
HathiTrust litigation?
A. Okay. Was it a truck or an earthquake?
MR. KAPLAN: I don't think that was an
earthquake.
MR. HUDIS: I think that was a truck.
Bite your tongue.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, let's turn back to your
declaration from the HathiTrust litigation that's
Exhibit 59.
A. Yes.
Q. At pages 6 through 7, paragraphs 25 and
26.

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A. Yes.
Q. All right. And that's where you
discover the levels of complexity of documents?
A. Yes.
MR. KAPLAN: It's paragraph 25.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And then it goes to 26.
A. Talks about costs.
Q. Costs.
A. Yeah. Yes. Okay.
Q. Now, Mr. Fruchterman, I've put in front
of you what was previously marked during
Mr. Malamud's deposition as Exhibit 34. And I'm
really focusing you on the textual material after
the certificate on the front and after the cover.
So I want you to concentrate on the textual
material.
MR. HUDIS: All right. And just note
for the record, the witness is thumbing through
Malamud Exhibit 34 to review the textual material.
Let me know when you're ready.
While the witness is reading through the
document, Exhibit 34 is the 1999 Standards for
Educational and Psychological Testing.
THE WITNESS: Okay. I'm ready for a

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MR. KAPLAN: I'm sorry. I'm getting
confused about numbers.
THE WITNESS: Oh, are we on my expert
report now?
MR. HUDIS: Yes.
THE WITNESS: Oh, okay.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Yes.
A. All right. All right. So a third
document. Okay. Great. 5 and 6.
Q. And I'm pointing you now to the sentence
that spans from the bottom of page 5 to the top of
page 6.
A. Yes.
Q. So, Mr. Fruchterman, you were told by
defense counsel that an electronic version of the
1999 standards was hosted on the
Public.Resource.Org web site but has since been
removed during the course of this litigation.
A. Yes, that is a fact that I was informed
of by counsel.
Q. All right. You did not obtain this
information from Carl Malamud?
A. No, I did not.
Q. Did you attempt to locate a historical

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question.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Using the complexity levels discussed in
your HathiTrust declaration, Exhibit 59, what
level of complexity would you assign to the 1999
standards?
A. Probably a Level 2. It could be a Level
3. It would be in that range.
Q. With that complexity level, how much
would it cost to make the 1999 standards
accessible to persons who are blind or visually
impaired?
A. Low hundreds of dollars.
Q. To put a finer point on that, when you
say "low hundreds," do you mean 100 to $200?
A. I'd say 100 to $400.
Q. Turning back to your expert's report, on
pages 5 through 6 -A. Yes.
Q. -- that's Exhibit 64 -MR. KAPLAN: Objection.
Mischaracterizes the document.
MR. HUDIS: Okay.
MR. KAPLAN: Oh, are we talking about -THE WITNESS: Pages 5 and 6?

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version of the Public.Resource.Org web site to
determine whether an electronic version of the
1999 standards was previously hosted there?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I did discover in
Google-searching a placeholder noting the
voluntary takedown of the file.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. So other than the placeholder that you
just described, did you conduct, say, using the
Wayback Machine historical search of the
Public.Resource.Org web site to determine whether
an electronic version of the 1999 standards, in
its full form, was previously hosted there?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: I did not examine the
Wayback Machine as you've described.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you use any other method to
determine whether an historical version of the
1999 standards was at any time hosted on the
Public.Resource.Org web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.

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THE WITNESS: Not beyond the two points
already mentioned.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Turning to page 9 now at the top of your
report, Exhibit 64, and I am focused on the first
full paragraph under the title "The
Public.Resource.Org Version of the 1999
Standards."
A. Yes.
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, you were provided by
defense counsel with a PDF file containing the
content of the 1999 standards.
A. That's my recollection.
Q. And it was represented to you by defense
counsel that this PDF file containing the 1999
standards was the version that had been made
available on the Public.Resource.Org web site at
one time?
A. That was my understanding, yes.
Q. You were informed Public.Resource
created this PDF file by purchasing a printed copy
of the 1999 standards, chopping off the binding
and scanning the pages?
A. I am not sure I was informed of that
fact by anyone in particular. I might have read

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confusing.
THE WITNESS: I was able to easily read
the content, and it looked like an OCR device
would be able to recognize the characters.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. As part of your work for the report of
Exhibit 64, did you compare the text of the PDF
file given to you of 1999 standards with the
printed version?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Not side-by-side.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you check for any missing pages in
the PDF file?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you check for any misaligned pages
in the PDF file?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I scanned quite a number
of pages looking for misalignments and didn't see
any.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you review the entire document to

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it in a deposition 'cause I read the deposition
reports. So I don't recall exactly, but that
makes a lot of sense to me, that that would be
what they would do.
Q. So you were either informed of that fact
either by defense counsel or by reading a
deposition transcript in this case?
A. Yes.
Q. The OCR process had not been performed
on the electronic PDF file of the 1999 standards
that defense counsel gave to you?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Correct. The
Public.Resource.Org version of the 1999 standards
was an image-only PDF format.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. In your report, Mr. Fruchterman,
on page 9, in that same full paragraph, you
describe the content of the 1999 standards within
the PDF file given to you by defense counsel to be
the result of a high-quality image scan.
A. Mh-hmm. Yes.
Q. What did you mean by "high-quality image
scan"?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and

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look for PDF misaligned pages?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I did not review every
page.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. After you were provided with the
image-only PDF file of the 1999 standards by
defense counsel, you used the ABBYY FineReader
software and free online OCR service to OCR
process selected pages of the document; isn't that
right?
A. Correct.
Q. All right. You did not OCR process the
entire 212 pages of the PDF-scanned 1999
standards?
A. Correct.
Q. And it is common that OCR processing of
scanned text results in text recognition errors?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Argumentative.
And vague.
THE WITNESS: Depending on the quality
of the scan and the complexity of the material,
you would see a variety of OCR error levels, yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. After you subjected the selected pages

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of the 1999 standards from the PDF document you
were given, did you check for the following
errors, yes or no.
Misrec errors?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you find any?
A. Yes.
Q. Did you check for nonrec errors?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you find any?
A. Yes.
Q. Did you check for drops?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you find any?
A. Yes.
Q. Did you check for adds?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection, vague.
THE WITNESS: I didn't see any adds.

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from the image-only PDF file of the 1999 standards
given to you by defense counsel, you used the
Window-Eyes software tool to read text aloud and
to conduct full-text searches by keyword?
A. Right.
Q. All right. Now, Mr. Fruchterman, you
could not use the Window-Eyes software tool to
read text of the 1999 standards aloud or to
conduct full-text searches by keyword before the
PDF pages were OCR processed.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Compound.
THE WITNESS: You're making a statement.
What's the question?
BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. All right. I will ask the question a
different way.
Could you use the Window-Eyes software
tool to read the text of the 1999 standards aloud
before the PDF pages were OCR processed?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
Confusing.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. Could you use the Window-Eyes software

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BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. So let's take that one at a time.
So you checked for adds?
A. Well, I examined the document, and I'm
talking about errors I observed as opposed to
errors I didn't observe. So if I had seen an add,
I would have been seeing it. I don't know.
Q. So -A. I was looking for errors.
Q. Right. So my first question is, did you
check for adds errors?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: If I -- if an add had been
there and I had been looking at it, I would have
been checking for them, yes. But -BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. And you didn't find any?
A. I didn't see any adds.
Q. And did you check the entire 212 pages
of the document for adds errors?
A. No.
Q. So now we're at page 10, at the bottom
of page -- of Exhibit 64, your expert's report.
A. Yes.
Q. After you OCR-processed select pages

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to conduct full-text searches by keyword before
the PDF pages were OCR processed?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. And, in fact, Mr. Fruchterman, you could
not use any screen reader software tool to read
the text of the 1999 standards aloud before the
PDF pages were OCR processed?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: That's correct. But some
screen readers have OCR software built in and
would be able to do that process inside the screen
reader. But I did not do that process inside the
screen reader. I did it in a separate product.
BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. And you could not use a screen reader
software tool to conduct full-text searches by
keyword before the PDF pages were OCR processed?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: Correct.

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BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. Let's turn to pages 11 and 12 of your
report. And I'm focusing on the textual material
in your report, Mr. Fruchterman, under the title
"The Archive.Org Version of the 1999 Standards."
A. Yes.
Q. Now, it's true you were -- it's true you
were told by a representative of the Internet
Archive that an electronic text or txt version of
the '99 standards was hosted on the Internet
Archive web site at one time?
A. Yes.
Q. You did not attempt to locate a
historical version of the Internet Archive web
site to determine whether an electronic text
version of the 1999 standards was previously
hosted on Internet Archive?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: Not beyond doing a Google
search, which I don't believe turned it up for me.
But it might have if I kept going in the results.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. But if you did, you didn't document it
in your report.

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THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And you didn't use the Wayback Machine
for that purpose either?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And on that same page, page 11, at the
bottom paragraph, you were provided by an Internet
Archive representative with a text or txt file
containing the content of the 1999 standards?
A. Correct.
Q. All right. And it was represented to
you by the Internet Archive representative that
this txt file containing the 1999 standards was
the version that had been made available on the
Internet Archive web site at one time?
A. Yes.
Q. All right. And now continuing on that
same explanation on pages 11 and 12 of Exhibit 64,
your report, by reviewing the Archive.Org
derivatives page, you were able to determine that
when a PDF file is uploaded to the Internet
Archive web site, that web site automatically
creates derivative file types that are also

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MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: What's your question?
BY MR. KAPLAN:
Q. Well, you said if you had a Google
search, you would have kept going. You would have
found an historical version of the 1999 standards
on the Internet Archive web site. You didn't
document that in your report, did you?
A. I didn't say that.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What did you say?
A. I said I did conduct a Google search for
the report. I found it on the Internet Archive
site. I did not see a link -- I'm sorry.
I found it on the Public.Resource.Org
site with a takedown notice that it was gone. I
did not see a link to the Internet Archive. All I
said is it might have been in the Google results
beyond the place where I stopped looking.
Q. So my question, then, is did you use any
method to determine whether an historical version
of the '99 standards was hosted on the Internet
Archive web site at one time in the past?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.

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accessible on that web site, including in the txt
format?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: Yes. I read that at that
link. And I believe I also saw mention of that in
some of the depositions that I reviewed.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. You just anticipated my next question.
Thank you, Mr. Fruchterman.
So from reading -- from your reading of
the transcripts from the depositions of
Carl Malamud of Public.Resource and
Christopher Butler of Internet Archive, when
Public.Resource uploaded the PDF file of the 1999
standards to the Internet Archive web site, that
web site automatically created a txt file of the
1999 standards?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: That's my understanding.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Okay. And this txt file of the 1999
standards, in your view, had been created by
optical character recognition because the txt file
contained uncorrected errors typical of the OCR

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process?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Correct.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. What were those errors?
A. Well, looking at Malamud 34, the first
page is a very stylized cover sheet. And the
second page has the word "standards" bridging the
entire page. Those didn't recognize well. It's
quite typical of OCR that it doesn't do well -so, for example, I remember specifically the word
"standards," I think, had errors in it as it
appeared on the top of this.
Q. Continuing through the rest of
Malamud 34, did you notice any other errors
typical of the OCR process?
A. Those were the -- certainly that cover
page kind of material was the thing that stuck in
my mind as having obvious OCR errors. Once I got
down to, say, the copyright section, you know, I
zeroed to that, and I saw very few errors.
Q. But you did see errors?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: I don't remember any

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Q. I'm sorry. It's late.
Mr. Fruchterman -A. Yes.
Q. -- if you could turn to page 7 of your
expert's report, Exhibit 64.
MR. KAPLAN: That one almost slipped
past me.
(Reporter interruption.)
MR. HUDIS: Sure. What he said was I
blew past him.
MR. KAPLAN: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Are you there, Mr. Fruchterman?
A. I am.
Q. Thank you.
As part -- now, looking at page 7, the
top paragraph of your expert's report, as part of
your accessibility review for the purposes of your
expert's report, you reviewed the
Public.Resource.Org web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you observe on Public.Resource's web
site any place where Public.Resource held itself

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particular errors. I could conceive of that there
might be one or two in that amount of text, but
perhaps zero.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. When you engaged in your accessibility
to review, in particular, the txt file, access -accessible at one time from the Internet Archive
web site, did you go through the rest of the 1999
standards to look for OCR errors?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague and
confusing.
THE WITNESS: I did go through more
pages and performed the same tests that -- that I
had performed on the earlier one, but I had the
benefit of the entire text file instead of just
the handful of pages I'd recognized.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. And I did notice OCR errors throughout
the document?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: A few. But I felt like
the OCR was working quite well on this document.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Malamud, let's -A. I'm not --

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out as making the materials posted on its site
accessible to the blind or print-disabled?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: I did not.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Except for a placeholder noting the
voluntary takedown of the 1999 standards, you
could not locate this document on the
Public.Resource web site, correct?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Correct.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. However, you did search for and access
other standards posted on the Public.Resource web
site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Correct.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Malamud -- I did it again. My
apologies.
Mr. Fruchterman, there were no sign-up
procedures in order for an Internet user to access
the content on the Public.Resource web site,
correct?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
82 (Pages 325 to 328)
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for speculation. Lacks foundation.
THE WITNESS: Correct.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. During your review of Public.Resource's
web site, you were able to access standards
produced by other companies, such as the NFPA,
without restriction?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Yes.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. There were no requirements that a user
be visually impaired to access these other
standards documents on Public.Resource's web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: Correct.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, for the next series of
questions, I would like you to pull out
Exhibit 60, which was your supplemental
declaration from the HathiTrust litigation.
A. Okay.
Q. And I'd also like you to pull out
Exhibit 55, which is the materials we reviewed
from the Bookshare web site.
A. Good. Do I get to put the rest of them

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for a legal conclusion. Confusing.
THE WITNESS: I didn't find a DRM plan
in evidence on the Public.Resource.Org site.
MR. HUDIS: I'd like to take a break for
five minutes.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Going off the record
at 5:33.
(Whereupon, a recess was taken.)
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: Back on the record at
5:39.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Mr. Fruchterman, when you examined
Public.Resource's web site, you noticed a number
of standards that were hosted on that web site?
A. Correct.
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Asked
and answered.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you notice any restrictions on the
ability of an Internet user to copy any of the
standards that you saw on Public.Resource's web
site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.

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away?
Q. Soon.
A. Or are these the only two I need to have
out now?
Q. Those are the only two you have to have
out now.
A. Okay. I have those two documents in
front of me, Exhibit 55 and 60.
Q. Okay. So I would like to focus your
attention on -- in the supplemental declaration,
Exhibit 60, to pages 2 and 3, where you talk about
the digital rights management plan.
A. Yes.
Q. Okay. And similarly, an explanation of
the DRM plan on page 18 of Exhibit 55. And that's
the Bookshare web site.
A. Okay.
Q. During your review of Public.Resource's
web site, how did their web site compare with the
Bookshare web site in terms of employing a digital
rights management or DRM plan to protect the
digital copies of standards posted on
Public.Resource's web site from unauthorized
copying?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague. Calls

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BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you notice any restrictions on the
ability of an Internet user to download any of the
standards hosted on the Public.Resource's web
site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.
BY MR. HUDIS:
Q. Did you notice any restrictions on the
ability of an Internet user to print any of the
standards hosted on the Public.Resource web site?
MR. KAPLAN: Objection. Vague.
THE WITNESS: No.
MR. HUDIS: Thank you, Mr. Fruchterman.
That's all I have.
THE WITNESS: Okay. Thank you.
MR. KAPLAN: I have no questions at this
time.
THE WITNESS: Okay. Oh, that's right.
You get a chance, huh.
THE VIDEOGRAPHER: This marks the end of
the deposition of James Fruchterman. Going off
the record at 5:41.
(Whereupon, the deposition concluded
at 5:41 p.m.)

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015
83 (Page 329)
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CERTIFICATE OF REPORTER
I, Kathleen A. Wilkins, Certified
Shorthand Reporter licensed in the State of
California, License No. 10068, hereby certify that
the deponent was by me first duly sworn, and the
foregoing testimony was reported by me and was
thereafter transcribed with computer-aided
transcription; that the foregoing is a full,
complete, and true record of proceedings.
I further certify that I am not of
counsel or attorney for either or any of the
parties in the foregoing proceeding and caption
named or in any way interested in the outcome of
the cause in said caption.
The dismantling, unsealing, or unbinding
of the original transcript will render the
reporter's certificates null and void.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand this day:
_______ Reading and Signing was requested.
_______ Reading and Signing was waived.
___X___ Reading and Signing was not requested.
_________________________
KATHLEEN A. WILKINS
CSR 10068, RPR-RMR-CRR-CCRR-CLR

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

330
200:13,22 201:5,15
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AAP
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165:10
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ABBYY
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284:3,12,17 285:1,3,11
245:5 250:10 259:7
289:2,14 290:7 291:1
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294:1 295:5,21 312:8
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abide
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135:7
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ability
accessibilities
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145:22 166:17 327:20 258:14
accessibility
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able
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28:6 44:25 56:8 86:9
252:10,17 257:12,19
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258:2,14,21,24
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above-entitled
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2:10
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absence
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18:15
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Abstract
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5:6
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abuse
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167:11,19
accessible
accelerator
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26:25 27:5,7
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accept
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171:13
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acceptable
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153:9
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access
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5:16 78:6 117:22 118:1
217:11 220:4,21
118:3,6,13,15,22
248:4 250:10 259:13
122:3,14,17,23
260:1,6 266:12
126:25 134:20 135:5
277:19 286:4,6,16,22
139:8,14,19,24
287:1,4,7,17 288:3,5
140:11,21 141:5,11
288:10,14,21 299:14
141:18,24 147:6
299:15 302:15 306:11
148:16,22 155:5
320:1 322:7 324:2
159:18,22 163:4
164:6 171:11 180:14 accessing
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181:9 182:1 183:21
148:14 153:8 191:2
196:6 197:2 198:3
A

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193:20 197:24 198:6
198:11 274:22 281:24
accommodation
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accommodations
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accomplish
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accomplished
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account
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accounting
34:19
accounts
89:9
accuracy
46:14 290:13,16
accurate
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186:16 226:1
accurately
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170:15 190:8
achievement
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acknowledge
10:4 174:17
acquire
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119:17 302:21
acquired
40:3,10 41:11
Acquiring
193:13
acquisition
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193:2,6,16,22,24
194:7,13,23 195:5,10
Acrobat
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Act
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acting
139:3
action

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active
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74:8 82:23
actively
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activists
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activities
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194:21 195:2
actor
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actors
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actual
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adaptive
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add
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117:7 294:19 314:6
314:13
added
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adding
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addition
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additional
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229:16 251:23 260:16
address
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45:21 49:9 144:13
164:24 165:3 259:19
addresses
45:17
addressing
197:1
adds
203:15 313:22,24
314:3,11,18,20
ADHD
149:12
adhere
221:22 227:13

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

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administrative
48:3 81:18
Adobe
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advance
197:12
advantage
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Advertisements
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advice
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advocacy
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affairs
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affect
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affiliated
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affordable
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AFTERNOON
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agency
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agenda
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agent
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agents
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ago
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agree
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150:18,25 151:17
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agreed
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agreeing

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agreement
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agreements
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165:12,13,17 169:1
230:3
agrees
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ahead
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197:18 220:25 259:21
259:22
Ai
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al
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Albania
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Alexandria
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align
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Alison
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alive
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allay
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allegations
209:19
allow
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allowed
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allows
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alluded
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Ally
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aloud

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alphabet
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alternate
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alternative
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Alto
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Amazon
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166:5 297:12
Amazon.com
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amendment
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157:22 158:13 163:23
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America
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American
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amicus
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amount
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analyzed
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analyzes
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Android
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and/or

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announced
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annual
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answer
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16:5 45:12 49:21
51:4,24 67:21 68:2
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answered
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107:19 263:2,4
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answers
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anticipated
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antithesis
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anyplace
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anyway
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apart
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253:7
apologies
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app
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appeal
236:20,23 237:4
appealed
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appeals
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appear
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APPEARANCES
3:1
appeared

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

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appears
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appellate
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Apple
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apples
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appliance
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applicable
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application
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applications
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applied
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applies
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apply
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appreciate
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approach
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approaches
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appropriate
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approve
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approximately
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archive
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Archive's
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Archive.Org
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area
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157:8 168:1 187:3,17
areas
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arena
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Argosy
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argued
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argumentative
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187:18 196:20 208:23
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Arkenstone
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array
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art
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article
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asked

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asking
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aspects
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assemblage
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asserted
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asserting
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assess
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assessing
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assessment
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114:4 153:7 156:5
asset
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67:10 68:7 72:9 76:2
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assets
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assign
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assigned
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assigning
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assignment
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assistance
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assisted
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assistive
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190:21,21 191:10

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289:13
associate
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associated
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88:6 95:12 137:7
162:10 192:3 193:20
association
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138:2 164:21 165:2
165:18 166:17,23
167:8,17 189:16
associations
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assume
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assumed
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assuming
41:8
ASTM
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Atlas
63:22 64:17,25 66:4
atoms
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attached
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attachments
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attempt
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attempts
277:18
attention
149:11 183:2 202:2
251:24 326:10
attorney
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attorney-client
227:21
audible
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audio
170:8 199:7,8 200:7,23

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Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

333
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auditory
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August
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auspices
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authenticating
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authentication
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authenticity
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author
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authorities
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authority
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authorized
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169:16 181:19 182:10
232:22
authors
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168:10 171:17 189:24
201:10 208:18 209:6
209:8,11 229:8 232:9
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author's
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autism
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automated
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279:3,16 280:2
automatically
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avail
127:16
availability
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available
50:25 68:17 94:12
98:14 104:7 106:8
109:21 113:7 114:1

125:18,25 128:9
134:10,19 135:8
139:7 145:22 148:10
164:3 169:17 170:17
199:7,25 201:13
213:2 223:22 226:16
228:1 230:21 233:24
244:13 245:4 250:2
260:10 283:25 293:6
297:11 299:13,15,21
309:17 319:16
Avenue
9:19
average
216:19 217:14,18
301:8
avoid
105:6
aware
12:21 96:14 172:10
291:21
a.m
2:4 8:1,11

56:15
barely
56:13
bargain
159:12 180:12,21
189:20,25
based
16:11 51:25 54:16
58:17 59:3 145:11
149:16 155:11 159:17
161:10 165:24 188:21
212:10 213:9 219:12
220:18 223:11 224:23
225:9 226:9 258:2
272:19
basic
274:18
basically
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267:13 268:7 273:5
basis
161:5 226:20
bear
169:24
B
bears
B
242:5
256:18
becoming
bachelor's
100:13 174:3
16:13,16 17:2
beginning
back
119:19
21:1 29:18 32:24 43:14 begins
64:14 74:13 91:9
8:4 91:7 185:8 249:2,3
106:4 131:2 133:19
behalf
136:21 143:9 144:3,9 105:11 135:17,19
167:1 175:24 176:18
136:1
185:10 208:14 222:8 beings
222:9 249:4 262:20
121:7
273:24 282:24 283:5 believe
304:20 306:17 327:9
12:20 15:21 28:1 56:20
background
62:9 63:7 64:22 66:2
21:7,22 29:13 35:12
66:7 67:6 75:4 77:17
123:15,16 229:23
78:24 79:19 83:17
245:18
87:12 88:20 89:20
balance
93:4 116:15,22 130:3
159:13
172:19 174:23 175:16
bananas
176:13 178:10 201:17
121:2
205:12 209:7 210:21
bar

213:9,25 214:22
215:3,11,12 217:15
224:6 226:12 227:24
242:2 247:16 251:11
256:20 258:5,23
263:3 265:2 295:17
317:21 320:6
believed
247:1
Beneficent
5:10 72:4 74:22 75:10
76:16 82:24 98:20,24
144:2
beneficiary
109:1
benefit
53:7 75:5 81:12 123:17
156:18 157:24 159:17
263:16 322:15
Benetech
33:3,4 55:5,17 72:6
74:15,19 75:8,15,17
75:20 76:1,8 77:6
78:4 79:23 81:3 82:6
82:9,12,19,24 83:4,10
84:3 85:4 87:20 89:4
90:1 96:5 138:11,13
138:15,21,21,24
139:2 145:10 161:11
163:19,20 164:17
169:16 170:16 175:11
175:15 176:4,15,25
177:6,13 178:4,10,22
179:4 185:19,22
186:3,17 248:9
Benetech's
106:21 178:15
Bengineering
76:21
best
41:5 48:10,18 58:2
72:8 76:10 90:12
92:1 93:9 100:2
101:2 222:21 297:8
297:10
beta
83:18

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

334
better
39:10,19 54:12 177:25
beyond
13:12 57:11 60:5
126:11 164:17 194:11
196:10 228:6 262:12
298:8,16,23 299:8
303:15 309:1 317:20
318:20
big
44:22 92:5 181:9
271:16 301:25
bigger
123:13
binding
113:20,21 309:22
bindings
117:10
Bite
304:19
black
123:14,15
blew
19:4 323:10
blind
5:25 32:19 60:19 62:25
63:25 70:11 78:5
122:24 125:3 140:15
150:14 153:3,17,17
169:22 170:10 182:1
186:7 190:22 191:11
196:15 197:12,14
210:20 222:22 257:13
257:19 258:3,8
259:10,14 260:2
261:4,10,15,17,17,22
262:24 263:20,21
264:10 266:8 270:12
272:22 273:7,18
274:3,10,18 275:4,12
275:17,24 276:4,9
281:10,14,18 283:9
289:3,12 293:19
298:20 299:5 301:1
301:14,16,23,24,24
302:4,5,9,13,17,19,21
303:12 306:11 324:2

157:16 158:12,18,20
blindness
books
160:20 161:1 162:3
86:8,23 150:11 153:5
48:4 99:6 100:4,18
162:25 163:2,4,9,19
239:4 262:16 282:1,5
105:14,23 106:8
163:21,24 164:5
300:14 301:25 302:2
114:1 126:22 133:12
165:4,11 167:10,19
302:10
134:19 135:20 145:22
168:13,20,23 169:10
Blind's
146:5,9,13,16 147:22
169:13 172:23 173:12
162:10,11,13 164:2
301:2
174:1,3,11,18 175:2,6
169:17 172:12 181:20
blog
175:7 176:23 182:9
191:3,12 199:5,6
242:21
184:8,12 187:2 189:9
201:4,11,12 205:3,15
blow
190:6,9 195:23
207:10 216:3 217:14
22:24
218:11,12 219:11,14
217:17 218:2,10,15
board
221:7,11,13 226:10
218:16 219:11 220:2
52:18 79:21 80:2,5,13
247:2 325:24 326:16
222:19 223:10 225:16
81:24 188:9,10,22
326:20
230:22,25 244:21
board-level
245:11 299:12 300:16 Bookshare's
80:14
300:17 302:1
99:1 100:13,17 101:24
body
Bookshare
102:8,22 112:3 122:2
83:24
5:13 82:1,6,16,18 83:3
122:13,17 126:6
Bokser
83:6,18,20,22 87:21
130:7 135:9 136:6
43:7
87:25 88:15,22 89:10
139:20 143:18 146:17
bona
90:3 92:21,23,25
148:15 171:4 172:15
164:4
94:13,19,22 95:3,4,13
226:2
bono
95:17,19,25 96:1,17
Bookshare.org
177:20 178:9 254:6,10
99:7,13 100:4,17
189:4
book
101:15,19 103:3
Bookshelf
58:12,16,21,22,23,25
104:7,18 105:13,16
89:5,22 90:4,11 91:22
59:5,7,14,23 60:16,23
106:2,8 108:20,23
92:11,13,17 93:9
61:10,11,13,14 62:5
109:2 110:2,12,24
96:16 97:5
65:14 104:25 105:6,7
111:6,7,17,22 112:12 Boolean
105:18 113:19 114:8
112:17,24 113:7,14
121:3
114:14 125:2,18
113:16 115:20 125:17 bordering
126:3 130:14 137:15
126:16 127:1,6,10
71:5
141:25 142:5,5,13
128:20,22 129:3,17
bottom
147:19 148:6 153:25
129:24 130:13 131:13 68:24 146:22 174:5,8
154:1,14 162:5
131:16 132:2,23
180:9 201:8 202:17
190:20,25 191:1,2,10
133:13 134:19 135:4
233:11,12 234:20
191:16,16 196:14
135:6,14 136:23
240:21 247:18 264:7
198:2 207:13 208:1,2
137:2 138:7,8,9,12,16
269:18 276:16 285:19
208:6 209:25 213:11
138:23 139:4,6 141:1
307:12 314:22 319:9
216:20 217:11,20,22
143:19 144:22 145:2 bound
218:20,21 219:5
145:9,18 146:12
156:20 158:1
220:3,21 221:2
147:7,22 148:3,9,11
Bowes
222:18 230:20 239:7
149:3 150:1,5,17,24
49:13
245:23 246:8,18
151:13,21 152:9,14
box
263:17 274:4,5,10,13
153:11,16 154:4,6,19 174:6,14,16,24
297:11 300:23 301:10
155:5 156:12 157:10 Brady
302:12,14

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

335
3:3 8:19
Braille
140:12,16,18,19
142:11,12 147:14,15
147:17,20 170:8
194:18 196:9 197:10
197:14,25 199:2,5,16
200:3,5,6,23 202:7
265:25 266:10,22
267:2,10,14,14,24
268:3,6,7,9 269:10,11
269:15 270:9,10,13
270:14,15,16 274:7
Brailler
199:2,16
brain
53:17
brain-injured
262:3
branched
186:20
brand
270:19 279:12,17,24
breach
241:4
breadboxes
39:14
break
10:18,20,22 90:25
104:15 142:25 207:21
208:8 248:17 282:8
327:4
brevity
243:2
bridging
321:8
brief
210:17 236:24
brings
158:4 234:17
broad
164:18 168:14
browser
88:2 140:1,3 288:15
294:5 295:24
browsers
283:25

Bruce
26:1
build
25:13 185:24
building
22:6
built
61:9,20 62:5 140:1
289:13 316:14
bullet
170:20
bunch
23:17 28:2 45:19 84:1
279:4 290:17 293:2
bureaus
45:24 49:11,20
burn
42:1 215:21
business
9:13,16,18 22:5,6 33:5
33:18 35:15 45:10
47:18,21 49:10 54:25
144:1 175:10 176:6
178:15,23 189:23
212:3
Butler
320:14
buy
119:7 162:7 285:13
buying
162:11 292:6
bylaws
81:8

186:14,15 188:9,21
Calera's
36:18 38:5 39:3 41:6
54:16
California
2:5,5,8 3:20,21 8:14,15
9:12,18,19 16:13 17:6
53:7 74:25 75:3,5
329:4
call
64:10 75:17 82:22 84:7
216:9 277:9
called
16:24 25:15 41:12
49:11 53:3 59:7
163:22 245:17 264:11
calls
13:2 33:13 63:17 67:4
70:8,24 71:13,21 72:3
72:20 73:21 82:20
84:14,23 87:11,17
88:19,25 89:25 90:8
90:14 92:16 102:10
103:13 106:14 107:10
113:9 127:4,13 130:1
130:9 131:18 134:22
135:11 139:10 143:22
178:16,24 179:8
182:11,19 188:18
210:5 213:8,17
221:15 224:4 227:8
228:11 245:6 254:7
283:16 324:25 326:25
Caltech
C
17:15 25:25 28:12
C
camera
8:2 22:3
268:23 269:3,5
Caere
candor
40:3,6,7 41:7,10
32:6
Caere's
capabilities
40:17
39:18 232:15
Calera
capacity
4:16 33:2,4,9,18,23
35:7 225:16
34:3,5 35:21 36:1
capital
37:24 38:8,18,20 39:7 34:19
39:22 40:2 42:16,21
capital-backed
42:24 43:3,6,25 48:7
186:11
48:9 56:4 58:15

Cappaert
3:12 8:20,20 9:24
161:19,21
caption
329:12,14
captioning
224:25
capture
108:16 297:23
captures
162:1
card
39:14 56:5 58:15,18
care
35:13 92:7
carefully
121:16 242:14 281:20
Carl
307:23 320:13
case
8:9 11:19,21,25 16:4
57:22 112:20 182:16
184:8 185:18 195:22
204:16 209:13,16,18
209:23 210:17 211:4
211:11,14 212:14
247:20 250:4 252:6
255:10 256:24 275:4
303:23,23 310:7
cases
140:17
cassettes
199:7,8
CAST
279:20,24
catalog
172:11
catalogs
296:16
catch
15:12
categories
263:22
category
17:4
cause
2:10 23:25 40:16 197:6

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

336
204:17 310:1 329:14
ceased
79:16
center
23:3,9,10,13,15 24:20
104:20 235:16 279:20
centered
115:14
centers
23:12
CEO
47:8,17 48:20 54:21
78:14,20,22 79:1
cerebral
53:17 86:8
certain
45:18 46:13,22 81:22
120:25 158:11 217:22
219:3 250:1 252:10
280:20 302:13,16
303:8
certainly
20:8,9 24:23 62:13
101:19 209:6 264:5
273:12 279:9,11
280:8 294:13 321:17
certainty
303:1,4
certificate
305:15 329:1
certificates
329:17
certification
239:17
certified
2:7 232:14 234:3
235:15 238:23 329:2
certify
329:4,10
certifying
155:10
CFO
47:12,25 48:13
Chafee
5:15 127:22 128:2,5,6
129:5,13,21,25
133:10 145:20 157:21

157:22 158:13 163:22
164:1 169:14 170:22
171:22 172:6,7
180:17,18,20,24
181:4,15,18 182:6
183:3 210:11
chairman
54:22 78:15,22 80:1,2
80:19
chairman's
79:15
challenges
257:12,19 258:2
259:10 262:23
chamber
27:19
chance
328:20
change
90:22 215:10,14 216:6
216:7 217:5 218:22
221:4 224:20,22
225:9,12 251:22
271:16
changed
76:13 172:20 219:4
changes
165:16,17,21,23
166:13 167:5 269:23
changing
271:17
chapter
191:1,6,10,19 192:12
192:17,20 196:18
character
29:24 30:1,8,17 32:14
33:20 36:15,20 37:10
44:4,11 45:16,19
46:17 113:22 115:1
193:9 200:21 202:22
284:18 320:24
characteristic
39:9
characteristics
202:21
characterize
60:21 64:1 100:10

245:11
characters
37:14 46:19 246:8
311:4
charge
96:7,13 162:4 234:25
235:9
charged
96:23 97:4 110:1,12
charitable
76:18,19
charity
53:8 55:4 75:22
chart
68:20,24
charter
76:15,18
cheaper
39:10 54:12 292:14
check
114:20 138:1 174:6,14
174:16,24 254:24
311:13,18 313:2,10
313:16,22 314:11,19
checked
314:3
checking
165:20 314:15
checklist
277:25 281:3
chief
34:17 48:1 81:6,9,11
81:21,22 236:24
children
146:10
child's
125:2
choose
121:11
chop
113:20 117:10
chopping
309:22
chose
289:23 291:23
Chris
242:21

Christopher
320:14
Circuit
7:4 237:23
circumstance
95:25
cite
216:19 225:15
cited
218:1 300:14
cites
217:13
citing
235:12 241:5
citizens
57:20
Civil
4:11 13:4 221:16
227:10
claim
36:19 67:17
claimed
70:6
claims
209:16
Clancy's
222:17 223:1,9
Clara
20:8,8
clarification
254:2
clarify
10:16 13:17 14:6
class
105:1
classroom
146:11
clause
159:2,6
clear
128:15 138:15 139:2
144:18 164:17 243:3
clearer
103:12
client
98:23
close

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

337
216:17
closed-circuit
265:19 269:6 276:7
cloud
133:17 134:10 166:5
clutter
151:4
coauthored
180:5,7
code
35:5 57:6,12 58:8
59:23 62:4 63:9
64:24 66:21 84:20
87:14 88:22 92:13,22
92:23 96:12 158:14
163:23
coins
44:14
colleague
9:24 21:5
collect
22:22
collected
73:17
collecting
174:1
collection
99:7 105:16 112:17
114:1 213:2,19
collections
104:6 222:25
colors
271:18
Columbia
1:2 8:9
column
233:12,13 234:21
238:16 240:22,23
combination
124:21 140:2 142:8
271:5
combined
35:12 169:2
come
11:4 15:12 61:15,22
62:2 104:24 112:4
244:25 245:5 294:14

comes
109:20 156:21 158:24
251:23 281:24
comfortable
167:9,18
Coming
64:4
command
22:23
commencing
2:3
comment
165:19 242:12,17
246:13
commentary
229:16
comments
242:7,10 243:4,7,18
commercial
289:9,15
committed
247:21
committee
189:15,17
common
30:7,19,23 31:1,3 46:4
58:23 104:23 115:2,6
115:17 123:18 178:18
203:19,21 204:18,19
204:20 224:7 245:12
264:9,21 270:7 273:6
274:9 277:10 312:17
commonly
55:5,19 84:7 142:4
268:20 269:2,25
275:14 282:1,5
283:25 289:2 293:18
commons
148:17
communicated
36:7
communications
13:3,6 41:12 227:9,22
community
100:16 106:3 108:2
167:20 180:13 186:3
221:12

companies
19:22 28:10,15,15,18
28:25 29:4 32:25
35:8 49:9 62:10
246:10 325:6
company
18:16 20:4,6,16 22:1,3
22:8 23:5,6,8 25:3
28:23 29:20 33:7,9,10
33:17,21 34:6 35:10
40:17,22 41:11,14
44:3,4,5 46:9 48:4
53:3,6,24 54:25 55:3
73:19,23 74:6,21 75:3
75:20 80:9,13 92:4,5
145:12 186:12
compare
290:6 311:7 326:19
compares
285:4 291:17
compensation
167:22 254:12,17,22
255:16 256:23
competence
30:21 31:9 32:10,21
33:14 39:6 40:14
156:4
competent
109:8,14,22 151:13,22
152:4,12,19,22,25
competitor
285:5 291:18
competitor/collabor...
236:25
compilations
176:25
complaint
16:5
complementary
49:25 50:6
complete
37:9 109:19 175:14
294:25 329:9
completed
86:3
completely
11:6,12 61:6 107:19

114:15 122:24 153:17
276:4,9 278:9
completing
17:2
complex
217:18 218:2
complexity
217:20 219:13,15
220:2,20 221:3 305:3
306:3,5,9 312:22
compliance
260:25
complicated
75:14 121:20 219:3
complies
182:9
complimentary
111:11
components
188:8
compound
31:9 36:16 38:1,10
49:7 50:1 51:11,22
52:8,16 57:18 58:13
60:8 62:23 63:23
84:5 85:6 87:22 89:6
97:18 102:11 134:23
240:14 248:8 252:14
267:21 289:7 315:12
comprehensive
152:18 178:10 183:24
222:24
comprehensively
52:1
comprises
144:1
computer
23:6 28:22 29:16 56:3
57:21,22,23 88:9
200:7 264:15 270:25
283:24 294:2
computer's
58:19
computer-aided
329:7
computer-synthesized
264:17

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

338
comp'ed
161:4
conceive
322:1
concentrate
129:13 305:16
concentrating
189:7
concentration
16:25 17:19
concept
131:16
concern
100:15,24 106:7
132:20 168:4
concerned
131:13 167:7 176:7
201:11
concerning
302:4
concerns
101:22 102:22 132:17
133:2 164:24 165:3
252:19
concluded
223:12 328:24
conclusion
33:14 63:18 67:5 70:9
70:24 71:13,22 72:3
72:20 73:22 82:21
84:14,23 87:11,17
88:19 89:1,25 90:8,15
92:16 107:11 113:10
127:4,14 130:2,10
134:22 135:11 143:23
178:17,25 179:8
182:12,20 210:6
224:4 228:12 254:8
300:2 327:1
conditions
174:11,18 175:1,5
conduct
76:22 308:10 315:4,9
316:1,20 318:13
conducted
296:17
confidential

1:15 77:6,12,17,21
90:17,21 91:13
130:23,25 131:2
165:8
confirm
149:4 152:13 155:17
215:4
confirmed
152:4
confirming
291:8
confirms
151:14,23
confused
193:23 209:9 307:2
confusing
193:17 194:24 195:12
196:2,19 197:5
200:16 205:19,25
206:9 207:2 226:22
230:13 233:6 235:24
237:15 240:14 241:10
261:13 263:2 271:24
273:10 277:3 288:23
290:10,22 296:24
298:7,14 299:25
308:16,25 311:1
315:22 316:4,12,23
317:19 320:4 321:24
322:11 327:1
confusion
220:12
conjunction
80:13
connected
76:22
connection
255:18
consent
64:6 143:1 175:19
consider
258:14,20,23 264:23
265:6,11,17,23
266:21 267:8 268:2
281:14
considerations
303:16

considered
269:9
considering
275:19
consistent
42:23 43:5 50:13 51:14
235:25 250:9,16
consortium
205:10,23
constantly
257:7,8
Constitution
121:2
constraints
96:13
consumers
168:10 289:12
consummated
40:19
contacted
138:5
contain
176:12 207:13
contained
229:17 248:10 251:5
320:25
containing
309:11,15 319:11,15
content
13:19 31:4 43:8 50:12
107:13,22 108:6,7
112:13,23 113:7,8,12
113:15 118:2,20
119:10,13,15,17
120:25 121:6,17,17
122:3,18 124:2 125:5
130:6 134:9 139:24
140:11,21 141:5,11
141:18,24 166:3
167:21 171:14 172:9
177:5,5 178:3,7,11,13
178:21 192:4,8
193:20 195:21 230:24
250:2 252:10,18
253:2 260:10 266:11
274:5 275:20 276:25
277:1 280:9 293:15

309:12 310:19 311:3
319:11 324:23
contents
120:8,16 176:2 239:22
context
44:8 49:21 85:16,21
88:5 109:13 138:19
139:1 146:25 191:24
194:8 195:18,24
212:5 245:15 247:12
261:20 272:24 273:1
273:3 275:1,12 281:4
290:4,17 297:2
continue
76:25 111:18 158:22
216:1 259:18 294:23
continued
5:1 6:1 7:1 54:11
continues
186:8
continuing
239:15 240:22 319:19
321:14
contractor
218:4,7
contractors
178:9 218:9
contracts
48:5 111:24
contrary
41:9
contrast
123:14 217:9 271:17
271:17
contribute
231:19
contributing
190:24
control
29:10 53:16 113:25
114:3,13,19,25
116:24 117:12,16,18
125:17 126:11 236:1
236:4 293:5,13
controls
34:20 241:14 263:18
293:3

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

339
conversation
47:6 75:18 167:6 173:7
193:15 194:10
conversations
13:18 101:13,20
106:17 165:24 166:14
converse
166:23 299:20
conversed
167:4
conversion
290:5,7
convert
202:12 289:4 292:20
293:19
converted
204:2
converting
217:18
converts
239:25
convinced
190:2
Cool
243:22
copies
30:20 105:13 114:15
128:8 136:20 169:19
230:5,8 231:17,20
326:22
coprocessor
39:14 58:18
copy
120:4 127:11 128:22
132:22,23 135:7
165:18 191:19 230:20
231:1,11,13 263:17
302:14 303:25 309:21
327:20
copying
158:9 226:14 227:25
247:24 248:1 288:12
326:24
copyright
57:7,14 58:9 59:24
62:6 63:10 65:1 67:2
68:24 84:21 87:15

88:23 92:14 98:24
126:20,23 127:1,17
127:21,23 128:24
129:4,8,11 134:20
135:4,7 145:19
156:20 157:19 158:8
158:17,25 159:3,11
160:1 163:22 164:16
169:9 170:4,5,23,24
171:9,15,18 172:4,6
189:15 209:19 232:22
245:22 246:19 321:20
copyrightable
42:24
copyrighted
95:9,11 107:8 113:8,12
127:11 128:9 135:3
135:13 136:10 137:11
148:20,22 155:5
158:10 163:8 164:2,7
171:12 173:12 238:25
copyrights
4:16 5:10 7:12 42:21
242:5
core
198:1
corner
144:19 230:17
corp
22:4
corporate
72:5 75:16 82:23 83:1
corporation
53:8 75:5 81:12,13
82:16
correct
11:2,6,8 13:25 14:10
15:25 16:15,18 17:7,9
17:12,25 18:4,13,22
19:5,9,12,16,19 20:3
23:4 25:21 27:1
34:13 36:2 37:19
39:23 47:10 49:2,4,18
50:21 54:24 59:9
60:21 65:9 74:22,23
75:1 77:12,13 79:3
80:23 93:12,22 94:7

98:7 99:12 102:25
104:7 107:23 112:8
116:8 128:17 129:1
137:3 139:5 147:24
180:8,19 203:1 208:2
249:13 261:23 275:25
276:5,12 281:7
284:24 297:18,22
310:13 312:12,16
316:13,24 319:12
321:3 324:9,11,17,24
325:2,15 327:15
correctly
97:10
cortical
262:16
cost
39:15 160:25 216:20
217:11,14,16,20
218:2,4,19,23 219:22
221:4 306:10
costs
160:18 217:16 218:3,5
218:8,25 220:3,21
221:1 305:8,9
counsel
3:1 8:16 11:2 12:11,23
13:6,21,24 14:2,7
38:3,13 48:6 68:13
77:13,19 90:24 91:10
98:12 142:24 143:25
151:1 161:7 165:15
165:18 174:15,22
175:9 177:9,20 178:3
178:9,9 179:10
183:11 184:23 189:12
190:13 194:4 203:2
211:5,10 214:16
220:5 229:12 237:22
238:5,10 243:1 251:7
255:8 256:2,25 263:6
303:17 307:16,21
309:11,15 310:6,11
310:20 312:8 315:2
329:11
counsel's
139:2 176:1 191:21,23

221:23 227:13
count
177:12
counterfeit
47:1
countries
110:10,21 161:2
County
20:9
couple
10:2 23:16 209:10
298:24
Courier
37:20
course
22:25 117:15,23
124:11 178:14,22
181:2 282:20 307:19
courses
18:7
court
1:1 2:10 6:16 7:4 8:8
8:25 10:8 11:22,23
12:9 21:10 26:8 31:8
208:20 228:22,23
237:5,8,23 239:15
240:24 251:16 303:25
court's
229:1,8 236:16 237:6
239:10 240:11
cover
137:22 305:15 321:7
321:17
coverage
209:12
covered
126:23 129:12
covers
196:4 294:10
co-owner
73:25 74:7
CPU
58:19
crawled
29:16
create
28:5,5 32:18 161:10,11

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

340
169:3 179:5 183:17
199:5 212:9 230:4
267:13 283:2 284:19
287:24 288:4,10,25
created
31:4,13,23 50:23 68:14
76:7,16,21 83:14
116:12,23 122:4,14
147:9 161:9,17
168:12 173:7 177:6
178:3,8,11,13 207:15
217:10 287:3,6
309:21 320:17,23
creates
319:25
creating
30:19 31:14,24 177:9
287:18
creation
15:23 185:19
creative
148:17
credentials
109:10 152:21
credibility
190:1
criteria
149:17
CSR
1:25 329:25
curious
193:14
current
29:10 71:19 74:5 75:13
123:19 172:18,19
216:5 217:21 225:17
291:14 292:13
currently
48:25 240:2
Curriculum
4:12
custom
45:5 46:17,20
customer
39:20 47:18 54:1
customers
34:4,8 35:6 36:7 39:4

45:22 46:7,22 47:3,21
49:12 50:10 53:19,22
customizable
60:22
customization
34:7
customized
200:23
cut
218:19
C-A-E-R-E
40:3
C-H-A-F-E-E
128:5
D
D
3:12 8:2
DAISY
205:1,2,10,13,13,22
206:2,23 207:5,8,13
207:25 208:1,2,5
244:13,17,20,22,25
245:5,8
DAISY-processed
207:25
Dan
223:9
Daniel
222:17
data
22:22 26:5 108:17
174:1 176:25 241:4
database
46:12,15
date
8:10 69:3,10,11 83:16
83:17 99:18,23 170:5
175:8 214:6 224:23
225:10 229:10 242:5
dated
184:3 185:23 214:13
216:2,21 219:6
day
11:6 329:19
days
77:9 91:13 111:16
DC

11:21
deaf
270:13
deaf/blind
270:8
deal
35:6 40:16,18
dealing
157:25
deals
47:21
dealt
168:4
decade
164:21
decent
212:1 240:16
decide
77:25 125:17
decided
238:6
decision
7:5 228:24 229:10,18
236:16 237:6,23,25
238:12 240:3,17
declaration
6:4,9 210:24 214:1,2,2
215:4,14 216:10
217:1,4,10 219:6,9
221:10 222:11 224:17
224:23 225:10 226:24
227:3 234:24 235:8
235:13 241:5,8
304:13,21 306:4
325:20 326:10
declarations
210:16 211:21 212:12
DECtalk
188:10
dedicated
142:19
defects
24:3
defendant
1:9 3:17 6:11 8:23
182:15 250:3
defendants

209:22 210:3 212:9
228:22 229:24 230:2
230:8 232:9 234:23
235:7
defense
307:16 309:11,14
310:6,11,20 312:8
315:2
defenses
210:2,8
deficit
149:11
define
23:20 29:7,24 37:3
73:16 85:16 109:13
118:2,19 281:23
301:4
defined
109:23 128:8
defines
301:7
definition
37:2 117:21 118:21
181:18 182:10,17
210:21 250:9,17
260:15 263:23 281:1
282:4 290:15 300:22
301:5
definitions
150:10 286:23
degree
16:10,13 17:5,16 25:5
delay
105:18
delete
137:23,23
deleted
159:4
deliver
218:15
delivered
208:1,6
delivering
39:20 205:3,14 207:9
delivers
83:24 169:3
demand

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

341
216:23 298:19 299:4
299:23 300:11 301:15
302:20 303:11
demonstrative
251:25
Department
112:4,10 218:14
depending
119:3 204:5 293:9
312:21
depends
94:23 204:11,13
deployed
107:21
deponent
329:5
Depos
8:13 9:1
deposed
11:14 12:4
deposition
1:13 2:1 7:18 8:4,13
10:1,3 12:12,16,17
14:8 15:23 21:11,12
30:15 41:15 50:14
68:8 69:13 77:9 91:8
98:8 143:6 179:22
185:2,6,9 190:15
208:12 211:15 229:3
237:11 241:19 248:25
249:3 303:19,21
304:4,11 305:13
310:1,1,7 328:22,24
depositions
320:7,12
depository
235:16
derivative
319:25
derivatives
319:22
describe
61:2 80:18 83:3 92:20
147:21 156:3 162:21
168:23 170:15 185:21
231:12 244:17 269:19
310:19

described
45:6 47:3 53:19 55:19
83:20 116:10,24
117:18 122:5 128:21
142:4,4 162:20 194:1
194:21 197:6 203:14
209:19 282:1 308:10
308:18
describes
197:10 198:14 231:9
235:11 240:24 262:9
describing
82:25 131:20 162:16
193:12 274:11
description
4:8 5:2 6:2 7:2 117:8
146:2 186:16 188:20
189:3 190:13 222:17
223:2,9 225:21 226:1
239:10 240:11
descriptions
147:21 216:23,25
229:16
design
22:20 37:7,13 164:25
165:3 278:8
designate
77:11 91:12
designated
9:22
designations
91:14
designed
27:8 56:3 57:20 59:1
60:17 61:6 62:25
84:8 85:9,14 114:25
155:2 274:17 278:21
Designers
37:7
desire
299:13
desktop
56:15
despeckling
202:19
destination
45:18 63:1

destruct
22:23
detail
79:9 212:21 221:7
292:19
details
128:11
detect
23:23 24:2 27:8 115:1
detected
27:21 28:3
determination
155:20
determine
299:3,4 308:2,12,21
317:15 318:22 319:22
determined
109:6
determining
157:12
developed
32:8,17 46:22
developer
47:20
developing
5:19 186:2
development
47:22 76:25 81:15
developmental
107:1 108:3
device
26:10 56:2 88:9 266:11
268:6,17 269:2 311:3
devices
268:7
devote
216:25
diagnoses
262:11
diesel
25:13
difference
167:3 285:16,17
290:12
different
23:17 28:1 36:17,18
37:7,8,10 39:19 45:1

58:22 59:5 61:6 74:4
75:16 82:13 94:1
105:2 131:8 132:8,11
146:9 150:4 157:2
167:15 169:5 204:7
207:14 210:25 217:13
253:4 258:6 270:5,6
275:3 285:15 286:10
288:15 289:17 293:9
294:6 302:7 315:17
differentiate
166:11
differently
131:9
difficult
155:13
digital
30:20 31:5,14,25 82:3
92:11 100:3,18
116:10 121:6 133:8
133:12 134:18 139:8
141:18 142:9 164:2
168:2 170:8 171:9
172:16,16,21 183:19
200:9 207:11 212:17
213:6 222:24 226:2
230:4,8,20 231:1,7,17
231:19,20,25 232:11
232:19 233:4,8,15,22
233:23 234:5 235:10
235:22 238:21 239:20
239:22 240:12 241:15
245:9 247:22 263:17
266:10 267:17,20
268:6,7 287:4 299:23
326:12,20,22
digitally
31:4 117:11 127:10
128:22 207:9 287:6
digitization
230:9,19
digitized
104:5
dilatory
21:6
direct
171:25 202:2

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

342
directed
12:18
directions
18:10
directly
139:20 140:17 183:15
193:9 195:21 200:24
202:7
director
26:2 48:25
directors
80:3 81:24
disabilities
53:11,12,14,15 60:18
61:7 78:5 82:4 84:9
85:10,12,13,15,17
86:11,13 99:9,11
104:22 107:1 108:4
109:17 122:3,14,17
126:25 128:10,10
130:8 131:11 145:5
145:23 149:14 150:12
150:12 152:4,13
156:15,17 158:23
164:5 169:4,13,18,23
170:11,25 180:15
182:2 183:22 186:24
187:2,4 189:22 192:3
193:21 201:16 205:4
220:4,22 226:12,18
228:2 232:14 234:3
238:23 239:5 240:10
249:21 258:7,11
259:6,17 260:15,20
260:24 261:10 262:10
262:12 266:14 275:20
281:16,19,22 282:4
299:1,13
disability
85:18,25 86:4,6,14,16
86:20,22 97:17,22
98:6 101:15 102:3
109:3,6 149:5,19,24
150:7,22 151:11,15
151:21,24 155:4,12
156:5,8 159:23
163:10 180:13 196:6

239:1,1,11,18 263:15
274:22 276:22,23
277:24
disabled
76:15 104:17,20,24
105:3,9 132:22 201:4
205:15 234:8 262:5
277:21
disagree
301:20
disciplinary
137:6,9
disclose
13:13 76:17 77:9,21
discontinue
137:25
discount
46:5
discover
305:3 308:5
discovery
137:7
discuss
179:14,15 250:15
258:10
discussed
65:6 102:1 122:15
126:12 142:23 165:9
172:22 192:2 193:19
196:5 223:21 228:7
250:10 265:3 275:7
306:3
discussing
21:7,21,22 126:16
discussion
26:17 64:13 175:23
221:9 227:2 260:10
263:11
dismantling
329:15
disorder
149:12
display
265:25 268:9 269:10
269:12 270:9,10
displayed
272:21

displays
200:6,24 269:15
distinction
281:9 285:16,17
286:15,20 288:18
distinguish
223:20
distinguishing
138:23
distribute
127:11 128:23
distributed
169:20
distribution
158:9 170:1 183:17
226:15 228:1
district
1:1,2 6:16 8:8,8 135:18
136:12 228:22 229:1
229:8 237:6
dive
248:18
Diverse
46:3
divide
47:14
divides
219:11
divine
147:4
division
23:8 82:18,23
divisions
132:8
DMCA
171:13,16,20 172:2
docket
214:16
doctors
109:16
document
4:9,22 5:5,14,22 6:3,8
7:9,13 21:17 30:9,24
31:13,18,23 37:6
41:22 42:2,8 45:8
50:20 51:5 56:9
68:14 69:5,20 74:17

86:5 119:25 120:1,2
120:18 121:14,18,19
123:8 124:3 143:13
152:16 161:9,12
180:4 184:4 185:13
194:25 196:7 197:17
198:2,20 199:10
214:21,23 215:5,7
216:1 224:19,20
226:23 229:21 241:23
241:25 242:23 251:13
252:23 261:12 263:12
267:14 271:11 272:7
277:2,19 287:11,18
287:24 288:13,13,20
293:6,10 296:24
298:3,11,15,25
300:12,14 304:2
305:23 306:22 307:10
311:25 312:10 313:1
314:4,20 317:24
318:8 322:19,22
324:8
documents
14:13 15:19 30:3 31:19
45:25 46:1 62:10
85:24 184:18 191:3
191:12 207:10 213:24
214:22 241:1 300:25
304:11 305:3 325:13
326:7
doing
20:21 25:4 35:9 38:15
45:16,18,19 46:4
83:18 96:14 166:16
174:10 193:8 289:24
295:9,15 299:17
317:20
dollars
285:9 292:15,16,16
306:13
Dolphin
270:24,24
domain
127:18 128:25 148:16
232:21
donate

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

343
100:3
donations
111:25
dotted
81:23
double
115:18
double-check
124:10
doubt
143:20
download
98:2 118:16 140:5,8,17
162:9 163:8 167:21
297:6,15 328:3
downloaded
135:14 136:22 137:15
140:25
downloading
100:17 193:10
downloads
136:12 162:8
dozen
180:6
Dr
26:1,4,20
draw
183:2
drawn
180:20
DRM
172:24 326:15,21
327:2
drop
181:14
dropping
145:16
drops
203:15 313:16
dual
81:10
Duke
3:13
duly
2:11 9:5 329:5
dust
23:22,23,25

16:9 19:17 105:14
112:4,5,9,10 132:10
156:22 157:11 181:15
181:24 218:14 300:16
educational
1:4 8:6 19:14 109:18
131:11 132:6,18
252:20 305:24
educator
135:18
educators
E
301:23
E
EFF
8:2,2 40:8
14:2
earlier
effectively
106:16 117:8 122:5
94:24 101:14 108:16
166:3 172:22 192:1
155:14 166:22 239:2
193:15 194:10 280:17 efficiency
322:14
167:2
earliest
efficient
188:21
283:3
early
effort
29:19 40:10 79:16
217:17
165:18 279:19
eh
earthquake
132:15
29:18 304:15,17
eight
easier
185:15
93:5 121:6 180:14
either
easily
28:14,21 61:13 80:13
136:14 137:19 201:13
86:13 88:2 120:6
311:2
122:23 128:23 139:24
easy
153:17 182:22 196:21
57:19 64:1
208:1 258:18 297:15
eBook
310:5,6 319:4 329:11
84:8 85:9 88:1 94:2
elaborate
142:20
80:3
eBooks
elapsed
169:12 244:3,8,12
77:10
economic
electrical
159:15 160:2 180:16
16:20 18:5,10 19:1
ed
22:14 27:24 28:22
101:3,7 131:12 157:15
29:9,10
157:18,25
electronic
edge
14:2 116:11 200:6
36:23
201:13 245:25 263:18
edition
296:18 297:3,15
252:20 283:8
299:21 307:16 308:2
education
duties
35:16 47:23 48:11,19
79:13,23 80:2,18,24
dyslexia
18:19 53:14 86:8 87:4
155:12 266:17 275:21
dyslexic
43:18
D.C
3:6

308:13 310:10 317:9
317:15
element
263:13 291:9
elementary
27:9,21
elements
117:17 188:16 207:14
277:23
elevated
279:21
eligibility
157:12
eligible
108:23 110:23
emboss
267:12
embosser
267:10,15 268:8
embossers
200:5
emit
24:1
emotion
149:13
employ
117:11
employed
22:12 23:2,14 24:21
25:2 29:5 35:22
241:15
employee
177:12
employees
23:16 138:21 139:3
177:6 178:4,8
employing
326:20
encompass
121:12
encompassed
194:10
encompasses
207:11
encountered
203:22 204:1
endeavor

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

344
28:17
engage
125:23
engaged
24:24 322:5
engagement
184:17
engaging
165:12
engine
25:13,14 119:6 289:24
engineer
19:1 22:14 43:7
engineering
16:17,20 18:5,10 19:21
19:23 21:23,23 25:5
28:22 76:24
engineers
51:15
engines
20:20 204:21 294:6
295:25
English
149:15
enlarged
194:17 274:9
ensemble
56:8
ensure
158:21 164:18 167:17
ensuring
160:2
enter
255:17
entered
230:2
enterprise
18:25 20:5 22:7 186:5
entire
15:21 73:18 77:11
105:6,7 154:21
172:11 191:16,16
242:23 254:5 311:25
312:14 314:19 321:9
322:15
entities
75:16 77:7 102:21

181:19 209:10
entitled
4:9,14,19,22 5:5,8,14
5:18,22 6:3,8 7:9,13
171:9 242:3
entity
82:23 83:1 128:7
129:25 130:4 156:13
169:16 182:10
entrepreneurial
186:1
environment
28:2
environmental
186:25 187:17,25
epileptic
280:22,24
equating
261:9
equipment
49:13,16 57:24
equivalent
30:5,10 174:7
eReader
97:11
error
115:17 123:25 124:8
124:24,25 125:10
204:6,12,13,18
290:25 312:23
errors
115:3,6 124:9 125:1
203:14,19,22,25
278:18 290:18,19,24
312:18 313:3,4,10
314:5,6,9,11,20
320:25 321:5,12,15
321:19,21,22 322:1,9
322:18
especially
119:16 131:12 173:4
ESQ
3:4,12,19
essence
180:11
essentially
37:13 81:7 156:1 162:8

171:8 187:24 205:11
established
156:13
estimate
113:11
et
1:5 6:19 8:6 229:9
evaluate
184:17 249:25
evaluation
252:10,17 253:24
evaluations
253:1,9,18
events
125:7
everybody
183:20
evidence
251:23 327:3
evolution
38:18
exact
24:18 99:23
exactly
25:24 77:4 217:23
310:2
EXAMINATION
4:4 9:7
EXAMINATIONS
4:2
examine
242:10 308:17
examined
2:12 9:6 275:18 314:4
327:12
examining
284:16 293:10
example
31:6,12,23 37:14,17
44:13 85:23 88:10,11
119:18 120:1,8,25
123:12,12 125:4
126:24 135:16 142:11
147:10 204:14 239:4
247:1,23 262:16,17
263:18 266:16 270:2
270:8 278:23 280:19

280:23 287:5,9,18
288:10 300:9 321:11
examples
150:10 152:19 153:1
196:11 264:1
Excel
293:11
exception
111:13 126:20,23
128:24 129:4,9
157:19 163:21 164:16
170:23 189:21
exceptions
127:17,21 129:12
exchange
230:7
excited
132:14
excluded
234:8
excluding
159:6
exclusively
169:22 170:9
excuse
33:4 90:3 203:1 218:18
executive
35:11,13 81:6,9,11,21
212:3
exemption
145:19 158:25 159:3
159:11,20 160:1
exhibit
4:8,9,12,14,19,22 5:2,3
5:5,8,12,14,18,22 6:2
6:3,8,15 7:2,3,9,13,19
7:20 12:10,12,16,18
14:9 21:11,12 34:10
41:15,19 42:16,22
43:2 50:14,18 51:2,19
52:3,23 53:2 68:8,12
68:20 69:13,19 70:7
71:3,20 72:1 73:4,20
74:14 78:23 98:8,11
98:18,22 124:5 143:6
143:13,21 144:1,12
144:12,21,25 146:3

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

345
147:25 148:24 150:9
152:11 153:2,23
154:10 155:7 156:10
160:11,15 162:23
163:16 168:8 169:8
171:2 172:14 173:21
175:5 176:3,18,21
177:5 178:3,8,14,22
179:6,19,22 180:3,10
181:1 182:25 185:6
185:13,16 188:2,25
190:15,19,25 191:15
192:12 193:25 194:9
194:22,22 195:9,25
196:13 201:7 202:16
204:25 208:12 214:3
214:9,12,17 215:10
217:8 219:10 221:10
222:1,10,12,12
224:17 226:1,8 227:4
229:3,7 230:17
234:18 236:13 237:11
237:21 238:15 240:20
240:23 241:19,23
242:20 246:16 247:6
247:10 248:25 249:8
251:5 252:7 257:7
303:20,23 304:3,10
304:22 305:13,20,23
306:4,20 309:5 311:7
314:23 319:20 323:5
325:19,23 326:8,11
326:15
exhibits
4:7 5:1 6:1 7:1,17
69:18 213:23 214:25
251:25
exist
278:17
existence
13:18 33:11 38:3 69:3
184:9
existing
56:6
exists
184:12
expanded

199:24
expect
124:6,24 274:21
expense
105:18 218:17
expenses
254:23
expensive
54:13
experience
226:9 259:9
experienced
262:24
experiments
27:8
expert
7:14 9:23 13:7,9 14:11
14:12,18 15:24 16:4
16:12 149:3 184:16
210:19,22,25 211:4
239:19 249:19 251:3
251:9,20 252:5 255:8
298:16 307:3
expertise
109:17 155:18 250:23
experts
255:8
expert's
29:22 211:11,19
248:16 249:9 251:5
251:10 252:4,7
256:12 257:5,6 259:1
269:18 283:5 306:17
314:23 323:5,17,19
expiration
71:25
expired
71:23
explain
79:9 252:1
explained
189:19
explaining
171:20
explains
226:24
explanation

102:5 103:2 105:20
319:20 326:14
explanations
102:7
explicitly
167:4
explore
153:22
express
100:15 106:6
expressed
100:24 101:22 102:21
132:21 184:11 303:16
expression
160:8
extant
33:8
extensive
168:9 241:1 263:11
extent
13:2,5 19:7 61:8 227:8
232:3
extra
40:8 159:2
extreme
204:14
extremely
181:2
eyes
262:17
e-mail
3:8,16,23 163:14
F
face
209:7
faced
257:13,19 258:2,15,21
fact
197:7 299:9,20 300:13
301:13 302:6,18
307:20 309:25 310:5
316:7
facts
216:2 300:5
faculty
213:2 224:8 234:8,10
fair

29:22 191:22,24 210:8
fake
57:22
fall
17:3 285:12
fallen
277:20
familiar
11:23 51:16,25 52:10
52:18 114:7 127:22
190:20 208:17 212:2
234:14 285:7
familiarity
212:20,24
familiarize
41:21 50:19
Fantasy
247:15,17 248:12
far
16:2 77:17 176:14
179:9 302:8
fast
25:13
faster
25:14 54:12 183:22
feature
46:21 89:8 92:18,20
93:5,10 95:19,21
96:17
features
36:6 169:1
fed
115:18
federal
11:22 13:4 208:20
221:16 227:10 256:6
Federation
210:20
fee
93:14,19 94:5,6,8,10
94:12,14,16,18,23,25
94:25 95:3,12,25 96:1
96:7,23 97:4 110:1,6
110:11 162:10 163:10
255:8
feed
56:16 115:18

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

346
feeding
35:14
feel
147:17 259:19
feeling
37:13
fees
96:13 111:5,21
fell
54:8
felt
322:21
Fenwick
2:4 3:18 8:14,23 13:24
14:25
Fermi
26:24 27:4
Fiction
247:16 248:12
fide
164:4
field
28:17 37:5 187:12
236:25 259:11 269:4
298:24 301:25 302:2
302:10
fields
186:21
fifth
71:5
figure
195:17
figured
131:3
figures
216:3 217:14 225:17
file
30:10 115:20 116:4,11
116:12,22,25 122:4,5
122:14,18 137:16
140:5,9,16,17 202:13
206:7,11,25 207:16
231:4 285:21 308:7
309:11,15,21 310:10
310:20 311:8,14,19
312:7 315:1 319:10
319:15,23,25 320:15

320:17,22,24 322:6
322:15
filed
236:24
files
100:4,18 133:12
134:18 183:19 231:3
filling
174:24
final
117:17
finance
34:11,15 35:3,18 47:12
47:24 48:13
finances
20:19
financial
34:17,19,21 48:2,3
73:12 81:22
find
118:14 119:6 124:12
137:16 242:12 253:13
253:25 259:1,21
277:6 279:4,10
296:18 297:6,11,14
297:20 300:13 313:8
313:14,20 314:17
327:2
fine
53:16 64:12 104:3
202:21 262:17 283:18
finely
55:24 79:9
finer
86:13 306:14
FineReader
284:3,12,17 285:1,4,11
289:3,14 290:8 291:1
294:1 295:6,21 312:8
fingerprint
136:6,17 137:23
fingerprints
136:10
finish
107:16
finished
21:22 79:7

first
2:11 28:10 29:19 32:8
42:14 43:1 54:6
69:11 79:16 94:4
119:12 120:15 124:15
148:5 149:14 156:20
163:18 180:9 183:25
184:8 185:21 192:8
192:11,16,19,24
213:25 215:25 216:6
218:3 227:12,15
239:9 243:25 249:17
264:13 272:13 283:6
285:18 309:5 314:10
321:6 329:5
five
327:5
flashing
280:20
flies
43:16
flip
120:13
Floor
3:20
fluids
29:9
focus
118:7 121:11 154:1
257:12,18 258:1
263:8 277:23 326:9
focused
17:21 160:3 258:7
262:22 263:19 309:5
focuses
107:12
focusing
154:17 155:8 272:13
273:1 305:14 317:3
follow
157:10 173:5 277:25
280:12,17
following
19:22 65:11 67:9 77:1
183:4 261:21 268:13
313:2
follows

9:6 225:7
follow-up
78:1
font
37:3,6,9,12,12,18,20
37:22
fonts
36:21,21,22 37:7,8
Footnote
232:6
foregoing
329:6,8,12
foreign
209:8,10
form
30:23,25 44:10 113:15
113:20 118:13 139:14
156:7 191:4 198:21
201:14 206:15 245:25
267:17 269:16 299:23
308:14
formal
19:7,8,10,13,17 57:11
59:22
format
39:19 116:4,7,22 139:8
141:1 169:20,21
170:1,2 205:13,17,22
206:2 207:9,16
244:14,17,18,20,25
245:5 266:7 297:7,7
297:16,16 299:15,21
302:15 310:15 320:2
formats
170:7 299:14
formerly
76:12
forms
45:8,10 201:4 270:6
forward
102:7 181:9
found
55:17 137:11 232:25
233:18 242:17 289:25
318:6,14,16
foundation
14:3 40:14 54:5,18

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

347
59:16,25 61:18,25
62:7,18 63:6,12,18
64:21 65:3,16,21 66:1
66:6,11,16,23 67:5,14
67:24 68:5 70:9,24
71:13,22 72:3,13,20
72:25 73:6,22 84:14
84:23 85:7 87:11,17
87:23 88:19 89:1,7,19
89:25 90:8 92:16
95:6,16 96:4 97:1,7
97:19 98:1 99:4,16,22
100:6 101:1,11
102:11 103:7 106:10
106:15,24 107:11
108:12,25 110:4,14
111:25 112:7 113:3
113:10,18 114:6,23
115:23 116:14 117:3
122:8,21 123:5
125:13,21 126:9
131:18 133:15,21
134:22 135:11 136:8
137:5 139:11,22
140:7,14,24 141:8,20
142:2,18 144:14
147:2 155:24 156:25
157:6 165:6 168:19
171:6 173:1,23
174:21 178:6,17,25
179:8 182:12 188:19
190:11 202:11 205:9
213:8,17 224:5,13
228:12 236:9 245:7
292:3 301:2 302:5
325:1
founded
74:15 130:13 145:13
186:4,17 190:9
founder
34:10 35:4,17 47:9,17
48:21 54:22 78:15,20
78:22 79:2
founding
108:22 133:19 190:5
four
27:25 39:13 188:8

196:11
frame
27:25 177:24
Francisco
3:21
fraud
47:2
free
94:12 110:24 111:7,17
160:22 162:3 279:13
285:8,8 289:20,25
290:6 291:21 292:7
294:1 295:8,21 312:9
Freedom
55:9,16 65:7 67:9
71:11 72:10 76:2,14
270:20
frequently
120:17 137:13 156:1
157:7 171:8,16
206:14 289:10
front
12:15 21:8 41:18 50:17
176:19 213:22 237:21
249:7 303:18 304:2
304:12 305:11,15
326:8
Frontier
14:2
Fruchterman
1:14 2:1,9 4:13 6:5,10
7:15 8:5 9:4,11,20
11:6,14 12:10,15 16:8
19:6 21:5,11,16 29:23
31:12 32:7,24 36:14
41:18 42:13 43:24
44:8 50:17 51:7
52:22 53:3 56:11
64:17 68:11,19 69:17
71:2 74:14 75:25
77:19 82:1 91:8,21
98:10,11,17 99:1
117:6,21 143:12
144:11,15 145:13
155:22 160:17 163:3
165:1 170:13 172:13
176:18 180:2 182:24

185:3,9,12 188:15,24
190:5,18 191:14
192:2 196:14 201:21
202:15 203:12 204:24
208:17 211:9 213:22
214:15 215:8 218:18
219:8 221:6,25
224:16 227:12 228:9
229:6,20 236:12,15
237:14,20 238:4,15
239:9 240:10,19
241:22,23 242:6
243:15,25 247:4
248:5 249:4,7,8,14
254:5 255:17 256:8
257:1,4,11,24 258:13
262:19 264:4 265:5
266:20 268:12 269:17
272:12 274:14 276:16
281:10 282:6 283:2
285:14 295:19 296:15
300:20 304:9,20
305:11 307:15 309:10
310:17 315:6 316:7
317:4 320:10 323:2
323:13 324:21 325:17
327:12 328:14,22
Fruchterman's
215:4 248:16
fuel
22:20,21
fulfill
105:3
full
9:10 31:19 73:7 114:12
151:2 183:2 189:4
202:25 223:22 233:25
238:24 251:19 264:7
272:14 274:15 285:18
308:14 309:6 310:18
329:8
fuller
14:15
fully
226:15 228:1
full-text
208:2 232:12,15,23

277:5 315:4,9 316:1
316:20
fun
43:17
function
120:5,9
functional
118:7,11 119:12,20
120:19 121:15 153:6
153:18 192:2,8
193:20 276:18 277:9
277:23 278:6 280:3
280:12 291:9
functionally
85:19 276:22 281:23
fundamental
263:13
funder
112:8
funding
111:22 112:3 218:14
fundraising
81:19
further
169:25 215:12 329:10
future
240:8
F.Supp.2d
6:20 229:10
F.3d
7:8 237:25
G
G
8:2
gained
190:1
garbled
204:9 214:17 215:1
gas
28:2,4
gases
29:9
gather
180:18 198:15
general
25:2 39:9 42:8 44:10
79:23 152:8 164:7

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

348
165:14,20 179:10
212:19,23 213:18
239:13
generally
30:3 80:18 105:4
113:24 115:24 116:3
139:13 149:15 153:14
198:19 230:14 258:9
259:12 269:19,24
271:25 273:5 279:13
281:23 288:3 292:14
292:18 293:12
generate
202:7
generates
280:25
gesture
246:20,22
gestures
10:12
getting
35:14 39:19 90:17
162:11 195:20 219:2
237:15 307:1
give
11:7 15:9 111:9 124:22
165:17 278:23 303:25
given
11:5 78:8 118:8 120:2
121:13 196:11 218:4
274:23 283:15 310:20
311:8 313:2 315:2
giving
10:5 77:10,10 109:19
189:24
glad
77:14
glass
268:20
glean
272:20 293:14
global
145:9
glow
25:15
glyph
202:22

go
21:24 38:13,25 41:20
42:9 43:10 49:18
64:6 85:5 86:10 87:8
87:14 89:16 90:22
93:18 94:10 97:24
98:3 103:22 105:5
116:2 119:7 120:3,12
121:24 124:12 131:2
166:25 171:2 175:17
175:19 179:16 184:24
197:18 215:1,19
220:25 221:6 242:16
242:17 248:16 259:21
259:22 280:20 282:14
292:19 322:8,12
goal
293:11
goes
106:4 113:24 126:3
161:8 305:7
going
14:7 20:23 24:6 25:23
26:9 29:20 41:20
43:11 46:12 55:7
77:5 78:11 79:12
90:18 91:4 105:12
107:16 114:10 122:15
124:12 137:2 143:3
149:9 175:21 176:22
185:3 191:14 204:16
208:9,14 212:8
216:21 217:15 221:22
223:21 233:13 242:16
242:22 243:20 245:15
248:15,20,22 282:7
282:21 283:11 292:18
294:18,24 295:17
296:4 303:25 317:22
318:5 327:6 328:22
good
8:3 9:9 26:12 75:23
77:14,20 79:10 90:25
123:23 137:24 174:15
248:17 282:10 325:25
Google
137:20 213:10,14

222:18 223:10 230:3
230:4,7,19,21,23,25
231:10,16 279:2,10
289:24 296:18 300:9
300:10 317:20 318:4
318:13,19
Google's
222:18
Google-searching
308:6
gotten
91:15 217:25
government
45:11 111:24
governmental
181:21
GPS
62:24 64:2 70:12
grab
96:11
graded
79:9
graduating
28:12
grafted
61:10
grant
237:7
granted
228:22
grants
111:25 145:20
graphics
147:11,12,15 207:12
great
31:17 35:6,23 47:6
179:20 191:17 221:6
259:16 307:10
greater
114:15 217:19,20
greatly
199:24 263:16
gross
86:13
group
37:9 73:8 132:3 159:20
162:11 164:23

groups
131:15 158:11 186:25
186:25 259:5
guardian
135:17
guess
92:7 132:15 216:8
240:2 282:16 297:9
299:11
guessing
22:4
guide
62:25
guidelines
280:10
Guild
6:17 7:6 208:18 209:6
229:9 237:24
guy
79:25
guys
38:14
GW
270:22
G.C.H
18:18,19 21:24 22:17
22:18
G.H.C
18:17 22:16
H
halves
104:15
hand
56:12 57:3,13 329:19
handed
119:4
handful
322:16
handheld
268:23
handled
255:6
Handwriting
46:21
happen
214:19 274:12
happened

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

349
55:3 71:18 137:12
happens
203:21 204:1
happy
75:16
hard
23:24 125:3
hardware
38:6,16 39:16 58:15,18
58:24 142:8 188:16
HarperCollins
100:8
Harry
301:9
Hathi
233:8
HathiTrust
6:18 7:7 208:19 209:3
209:16,23,24 210:3
210:14 211:11,14
212:14,16 213:1,6,15
214:23 222:19,21
223:2,11,16,19 224:1
224:18 226:19 227:3
228:3,4,10,20 229:9
230:11 231:7,10,12
231:20,25 232:10,19
233:4,23 234:5
235:10,21 236:17,23
237:4,9,24 238:20
239:19 240:11 241:6
241:13,15 304:14,21
306:4 325:20
HDL
232:10 233:16 240:5
head
195:4
hear
166:25 204:7,15
heard
40:24 300:21
hearing
149:10
hearsay
176:10
heat
24:1

held
26:6,17 64:13 175:23
323:25
help
47:5 70:11 79:14
106:25 108:3 127:1,6
144:22 189:21
helped
178:11
helpful
131:5
helping
29:17 47:1 76:15
131:11 156:14 186:22
187:4
Helvetica
37:22
hereunto
329:18
hertz
280:21
Hewlett-Packard
35:10 56:5,14 188:11
hide
136:13
high
299:23
higher
40:25 101:3,6 131:12
132:5,10 183:23
216:21 217:23,23
highest
16:8 216:23
highly
266:12
high-quality
218:15 310:21,23
high-speed
113:21
historical
307:25 308:11,21
317:14 318:6,22
historically
292:4
history
301:10
hitting

23:24 28:4
hi-fi
57:24
hold
86:9 102:19 165:13
holding
239:7
home
9:14,15
homeowners
29:17
honor
189:19
hope
111:18
hopefully
35:14
hosted
307:17 308:3,14,22
317:10,17 318:23
327:14 328:4,11
hour
2:3 282:8
hours
15:16
House
100:9 301:1 302:4
houses
29:16
How's
179:12
Hudis
3:4 4:4 8:18,18 9:7,8
9:21 11:1 12:9,14
13:10,22 15:12 20:22
21:3,10,15 24:7 25:1
26:18 29:21 31:2,11
31:21 32:5,16,23
33:16 34:2 35:20
37:1 38:2,7,13,19
39:2,21 40:20 41:1,17
41:24 42:1,5,11 43:10
43:20,23 44:19 48:17
48:24 49:15 50:4,16
50:21,24 51:3,6,17
52:2,11,20 54:9,20
55:12,21 58:1,7,20

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

59:13,19 60:2,9,12,14
60:20 61:1,12,21 62:3
62:15,20 63:2,8,14,20
64:3,9,16,23 65:5,18
65:23 66:3,8,13,18
67:1,7,20 68:1,10,16
68:18 69:16 70:13,20
71:1,15,24 72:7,16,22
73:2,9 74:2,12,20
75:24 76:9 77:13,18
78:2,13 79:11 80:4,17
81:2,14 82:5,10 83:2
84:10,16 85:1,11
86:21 87:3,7,13,19
88:4,14,21 89:3,11,15
89:21 90:2,10,19 91:1
91:3,18,20 92:19 93:8
93:17 96:6,15,22 97:3
97:9,14,23 98:4,10,16
99:10,19 100:1,12,22
101:5,21 102:4,14
103:10,17 104:12
106:12,20 107:3,7,15
108:5,15 109:4 110:7
110:17,22 111:12,20
112:2,11,19 113:5,13
114:2,18 115:4,12,19
116:1,17 117:4,19
118:10 119:9 120:22
122:1,11 123:1,9,24
124:4 125:15 126:1,5
126:14 127:9,20
128:1,13,18 129:7,23
130:5,12,18,24
131:14,24 132:4
133:1,4,11,18,24
134:8,15 135:1,23
136:5,16,24 137:8
138:12,18 139:16
140:4,10,20 141:4,12
141:16,23 142:7,24
143:11,25 144:5,10
146:21 147:13 149:21
150:3 151:3,7 152:10
152:23 153:21 154:9
154:23 156:9 157:1
157:20 160:14 161:13

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

350
161:15,18,20,22,25
252:2,16 253:15
162:14,22 163:11
254:4,11,16 255:2,4,7
164:12 166:1,7,20
255:15,22 256:2,7,11
167:14 168:6,22
256:15,18,20,25
171:1 172:5 173:10
257:15,17 258:12
173:17 174:4,15,22
260:17 261:19 262:14
175:3,9,19 176:5,12
263:3,9 265:4,10,16
176:16 177:11,16,22
265:22 266:3 267:1,7
178:12,20 179:3,12
267:16 268:1,11
179:18,21 180:1
270:11 271:20 272:2
181:13 182:8,14,23
272:11 273:14 274:1
183:10 184:5,23
275:10 276:6,11,15
185:11,20 187:15,22
276:24 277:8 278:3
188:23 190:17 191:7
278:11,22 279:5,15
191:23 193:4,18
280:1,14 281:8,17
194:6 195:3,15
282:10 283:1,19
196:12,23 197:9,20
284:2,20 285:10
198:12 199:13,21
286:9,13,19 287:16
200:18 201:6,20,25
288:1,17 289:1,18
202:14 203:1,6,11,20
290:3,14,23 291:11
203:24 204:8,23
291:24 292:8,17
205:16,20 206:5,12
293:17 294:8 295:2
206:22 207:4,17,22
295:11,16 296:5,10
207:24 208:7,16
296:14,22 297:1,13
209:1,14,21 210:10
297:19 298:2,10,18
210:18 211:8 212:4
299:2,19 300:4,19
212:22 213:4,12,21
301:12,21 303:2,9,17
214:18,21 215:3,17
303:24 304:8,18
215:21,24 216:11,13
305:6,18 306:2,23
219:7,18,24 220:7,9
307:5,7 308:8,19
220:14,17 221:5,21
309:3 310:16 311:5
222:6,9,14 223:6,24
311:12,17,24 312:5
224:10,15 225:1,4,11
312:24 313:7,13,19
225:18,24 226:6
317:23 318:11 319:2
227:1,11,16,19 228:8
319:7 320:8,21 321:4
228:17 229:5,14,19
322:4,17,23 323:9,12
230:15 231:14,24
323:23 324:5,12,18
232:5 233:10,21
325:3,10,16 327:4,11
234:11 235:2,5 236:3
327:18 328:1,8,14
236:11 237:13,17,19 huh
238:3,8,10 239:14
282:16 328:20
240:18 241:12,18,21 human
242:15,24 243:1,5,8
108:14,17 121:7 122:9
243:12,14,20,24
122:12,16,23 186:24
244:24 245:14 248:15
187:9 194:16 196:7
248:21 249:6 250:14
198:18
250:21 251:2,7,10
humans

204:12
HumanWare
74:5
human-narrated
199:6
hundred
302:23 303:1
hundreds
292:15 302:22 303:4
306:13,15
hurting
189:22
hyperactivity
149:12
hypothetical
31:16 32:2 95:6,15
114:23 115:9,16
122:8,21 123:5
125:13,22 126:9
127:4,14 135:12
136:3 137:5 139:12
139:22 140:7,14,24
141:8,20 142:2,18
152:7 202:11 204:4
208:4 220:24 271:13
272:9 276:2 278:15
287:13,22 288:7
300:7
I
IBM
23:2,6
IBM's
23:11
Icelanders
46:20
Icelandic
46:18,19
idea
79:17 212:1
ideally
297:6
ideas
29:2
identification
12:13 21:13 41:16
50:15 68:9 69:14
98:9 143:7 179:23

185:7 190:16 208:13
229:4 237:12 241:20
249:1
identify
44:18 45:1 152:12
identifying
170:4
identity
136:13
igniting
22:23
ignition
25:15
illegal
247:25
illness
11:11
IMAA
183:16
image
116:15,22 123:7 202:6
202:13,18 216:22,25
231:3 271:15 288:20
297:16 310:21,23
imagery
26:6
images
116:16 122:24
image-based
30:25 284:16,18
image-only
271:11 272:7 287:10
297:7 310:15 312:7
315:1
imagine
147:8 152:20
impacted
260:8 261:3
impaired
5:24 190:22 191:11
196:15 198:4,25
258:15,22,25 260:11
289:4 293:19 298:21
299:6 303:12 306:12
325:12
impairment
153:15 281:25

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

351
impairments
53:13
implementing
172:24 277:22
importance
300:18
important
158:20 181:3,7 199:3
201:1 260:4,22 293:5
300:16 302:7
impression
217:25
improve
24:3
improved
32:14
Improving
5:16
inaccessible
196:6 201:4 202:13
263:12
inadvertent
137:13
include
114:19 165:14 166:2
170:3 239:5 260:14
268:8,9,22 275:3,6,13
275:15
included
49:11 53:25 95:20,21
277:5 295:5
includes
109:16 135:4 231:2
including
136:10 155:12 156:18
169:6 229:15 246:1
261:16 320:1
inclusion
246:6
incomplete
31:15 32:1 95:5,14
114:22 115:8,15
122:7,20 123:4
125:12,21 126:9
127:3,14 135:12
136:3 137:4 139:12
139:21 140:7,13,23

141:7,19 142:1,18
152:7 202:11 204:4
208:4 220:24 271:12
272:8 276:1 278:14
287:12,22 288:6
300:6
incorporate
136:9
incorporated
8:6,7,24 70:18
incorrect
78:18 215:11 247:3
increased
248:2
increases
218:2 220:3,20
incurred
254:23
independently
261:6
index
4:1,2,7 5:1 6:1 7:1
120:8 137:21
indicates
153:7 174:25 232:24
indication
59:22 299:11 300:11
302:11
indicator
299:16
individual
89:9 111:25 138:1
160:25 173:25 175:2
234:24 235:8
individually
183:15
individuals
44:24 160:23 183:18
226:16,17 228:2
240:9 260:23
industry
131:8,21 132:2,9 138:1
164:23 165:13 166:23
166:24 168:5 169:6
173:4,8
infinity
301:6

inform
130:14
informal
154:25 160:8 182:5
Informally
17:21
information
5:17,19 13:3 50:25
77:6,21 78:6 98:14
109:21 118:8 119:3
169:9 181:25 221:15
227:9 246:3 259:13
264:16,21 270:6
272:19 275:5 293:14
293:16 307:23
informed
307:20 309:20,24
310:5
infringement
158:17 170:3 209:20
infringes
171:14
ingested
274:4
initial
36:19 83:18 110:1,6
116:11,12 131:16
188:3,7 242:13
initials
30:16
initiative
145:10 163:20
injury
53:17
innovation
185:24
input
168:9 293:13
inquire
217:24 219:5
inquiry
215:12
inside
170:25 316:15,16
inspected
290:11
inspection

23:24 24:2 136:15
143:24 242:13
instance
148:13
Institute
16:14 17:6
instruct
13:4 221:18 227:7
INSTRUCTED
7:22
instructing
221:17
instruction
13:17 221:23
instructions
227:13
instruments
27:14,15,16,17
integrity
181:5
intellectual
149:13 173:4
intend
240:7 251:3 252:5,8
intended
170:9 234:2
intending
173:5
intent
38:20 155:21 157:3
intention
243:12
intentions
130:15
interact
147:22
interaction
104:17,18 131:21
132:1
interchangeable
81:7
interchangeably
138:11
interest
71:8 160:2 277:7
interested
329:13

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

352
interesting
186:10 302:9
interests
131:23 168:15 180:16
189:23
interface
60:23 61:6
interfere
53:15
interferes
85:19 86:7 151:16,25
interject
31:7
intern
24:17 25:9 27:11,12
Internet
7:10 137:17 193:11
195:21 242:3 253:2,8
253:9,18,20 279:14
288:12 296:8 299:22
317:8,10,14,17 318:7
318:14,18,23 319:9
319:14,17,23 320:14
320:16 322:7 324:22
327:20 328:3,10
internship
24:10
interrupt
77:3
interruption
177:14,21 193:3
233:20 323:8
intersection
158:2
intervene
200:2
intervener
210:20
Intervenors
6:12
intervention
122:12,16 198:19
200:12 274:24
intrinsic
140:1
invention
70:6

inventor
32:12 69:22
inventors
32:13 51:16,24
inventor's
71:8
investigate
184:13
investigated
182:22
involve
13:6
involved
20:18
ionization
28:5
iPad
84:7
iPhone
84:7
issue
166:24 172:1 211:3
301:25
issued
51:8 69:23 70:22 229:1
237:9,25 238:12
issues
53:16 80:14,15 153:20
italics
124:20,21,25
item
216:12 256:21
items
176:24 217:4,6 281:3
J
James
1:14 2:1,9 4:12 6:4,10
7:14 8:5 9:4,11 91:8
185:3,9 249:4 328:22
January
79:18
JAWS
88:11 270:20 292:15
293:24
Jerry
189:5,11,14
Jet

25:19 26:21
Jim
131:6 145:13
job
20:10,12 22:13 24:16
24:19 27:10
join
18:15 108:23 110:2
149:1 160:20 162:2
joining
102:8 162:3
Jonathan
3:4 8:18 9:21 13:15
282:7
jon.hudis@quarles.c...
3:8
JPL
26:2
Jr
9:11
judge
212:10
judgment
6:7,14 211:24 212:6,13
228:21,23 237:7
July
214:13 242:5 246:13
247:5,9
June
214:7 238:7,12
K
K
3:5
Kaplan
3:19 8:22,22 10:24
13:1,15 15:5,9 24:5
24:22 29:14 30:21
31:7,15 32:1,9,20
33:13,24 35:19 36:16
38:1,10,12,24 39:5
40:13,23 41:23,25
42:3,6 43:19 44:16
48:15,22 49:7 50:1,21
51:1,10,21 52:7,15
54:5,18 55:10,18
57:18 58:5,13 59:10
59:16,25 60:8,10,13

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

60:24 61:3,18,24 62:7
62:17,23 63:5,11,17
63:23 64:6,11,20 65:2
65:15,20,25 66:5,10
66:15,22 67:4,13,23
68:4,13 69:7 70:8,16
70:23 71:12,21 72:2
72:12,19,24 73:5,21
74:9,16 75:21 76:4
77:3,14,24 78:10 79:6
79:24 80:11 81:1,4
82:2,7,20 84:5,13,22
85:6 86:17 87:1,5,10
87:16,22 88:12,18,25
89:6,13,18,24 90:7,14
90:24 91:2,10,19
92:15 93:3,15,21,24
94:15,17,20 95:1,5,10
95:14,23 96:3,8,19,25
97:6,12,18,25 98:15
99:3,15,21 100:5,20
100:25 101:10,25
102:10 103:6,13
104:8 106:9,14,23
107:5,10,25 108:11
108:24 110:3,13,19
111:8,14,23 112:6,14
113:1,9,17 114:5,22
115:8,11,15,22
116:13 117:2,13
118:4,23 120:20
121:22 122:7,20
123:4,22 124:1
125:12,20 126:4,8
127:3,13,24 128:4,15
129:6,18 130:1,9,16
130:21 131:5,17
132:19 133:3,6,14,20
134:4,12,21 135:10
136:2,7,19 137:4
138:10,17 139:10,21
140:6,13,23 141:7,15
141:19 142:1,17
143:1,22 144:3,6,8
146:18 147:1 149:20
150:2 151:1 152:6,15
153:13 154:7,20

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

353
155:23 156:24 157:5
160:7,10 161:7,14,16
161:24 162:6,18
163:6 164:10 165:5
166:6,9 167:12,23
168:18 170:18 171:5
172:25 173:14,22
174:13,20 175:12
176:1,9,13 177:7,19
178:5,16,24 179:7,14
181:11 182:4,11,19
184:2,15,21,25
185:17 187:13,18
188:18 190:10 191:4
191:21 193:17 194:2
194:4,24 195:11
196:2,19 197:4,16
198:8 199:12,18
200:15 201:2,18,24
202:10,24 203:5,8,17
203:23 204:3,10
205:8,18,24 206:8,19
207:1,7,19,23 208:3
208:22 209:4,17
210:5,15 211:3,7,25
212:18,25 213:7,16
214:16,19 215:2,15
215:20,23 218:24
219:16,21 220:5,8,11
220:15,23 221:14
222:3,10 223:3,17
224:3,12 225:3,13,21
226:4,22 227:5,15,18
228:5,11,14 229:12
229:15 230:12 231:8
231:23 232:2 233:5
233:17 234:6 235:23
236:8 237:15 238:2,6
238:9 239:12 240:13
241:9,16 242:8,22
243:2,10,13,19,21
244:19 245:6 248:7
248:19 250:12,19,25
251:14,18 252:13
253:12,22 254:7,14
254:20 255:1,3,5,9,14
255:20,24 256:9,13

256:16,19,22 257:14
257:16 258:4 260:12
261:11 262:7 263:1,5
265:1,8,14,20 266:1
266:23 267:4,11,21
268:4 270:4 271:12
271:23 272:8 273:9
273:23 275:8 276:1
276:10,13,20 277:3
277:16 278:7,14,25
279:8,18 280:7 281:5
281:12 282:7,12,14
283:16,22 284:14
285:6 286:7,17
287:12,21 288:6,22
289:6,22 290:9,21
291:6,20 292:2,11,22
294:4 295:1,9,14
296:2,7,12,20,23
297:4,17,25 298:6,13
298:22 299:7,24
300:6 301:3,7,18
302:24 303:5,7,13,22
304:16 305:5 306:21
306:24 307:1 308:4
308:15,24 310:12,25
311:10,15,20 312:2
312:19 313:5,11,17
313:23 314:1,12,16
315:11,15,21,24
316:3,6,11,18,22
317:1,18 318:1,3,10
318:25 319:5 320:3
320:19 321:2,23
322:10,20 323:6,11
323:21 324:3,10,16
324:25 325:8,14
326:25 327:16,23
328:6,12,17
Katherine
3:12 8:20 9:24
Kathleen
1:25 2:6 9:1 24:5 329:2
329:24
Kcappaert@oblon.c...
3:16
keep

103:15 189:25
keeps
86:9,14
kept
178:22 317:22 318:5
keyboard
293:12
keypad
58:25
keyword
315:4,9 316:1,21
kid
137:19
kind
27:17 195:6 266:11
274:20 280:16 293:3
304:6 321:18
kinds
45:3 47:3 207:10
knocked
304:6
know
10:15,19 11:7 18:20
38:2 41:10 43:8
46:25 50:9 64:8,24
65:4,10 67:8 73:7,24
74:6 76:8 77:22
84:24 99:17 113:6
114:14 116:20 120:13
121:1,7 123:20
126:10 131:1,1
137:12 147:21 169:2
171:22 176:15 177:3
179:9 182:15 194:20
203:13 204:13,15
209:9 211:23 214:19
217:23 220:1,10
236:15 241:24 243:13
243:15 255:5,11
256:13 262:21 268:12
269:13 270:18 279:6
279:19,23 285:3,13
285:15 289:2 291:16
292:9 293:8 295:19
298:19 302:10 304:7
305:21 314:7 321:20
knowing

45:20 302:9
knowledge
41:5,9 86:5 90:13 92:2
96:10 100:2 303:10
known
33:11 55:5 76:12
123:25 200:9 232:8
264:18 269:6
Kurzweil
32:8,18
K-12
132:10 216:23
L
L
26:11
labor
218:3
Laboratory
25:20 26:21,25 27:5
lack
40:13 131:18 300:2
lacks
63:5,11,18 64:20 65:2
65:15,20,25 66:5,10
66:15,22 67:5,13,23
68:4 70:9,23 71:12,22
72:2,12,19,24 73:5,22
84:13,22 85:7 87:10
87:16,23 88:18 89:1,7
89:18,24 90:7 92:15
95:6,16 96:4,25 97:6
97:19,25 99:4,15,22
100:6,25 101:10
102:11 103:7 106:10
106:15,24 107:11
108:11,24 110:3,13
112:6 113:2,10,17
114:6,23 115:23
116:13 117:3 122:8
122:21 123:5 125:13
125:21 126:8 133:14
133:20 134:21 135:10
136:8 137:5 139:11
139:22 140:7,14,24
141:8,20 142:2,18
147:1 155:23 156:24
157:5 165:6 168:18

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

354
171:5 172:25 173:22
174:20 178:5,17,25
179:7 182:12 188:19
190:10 202:10 205:8
213:7,16 224:4,12
228:12 236:9 245:7
292:2 325:1
language
109:15 149:15 204:22
246:17
large
23:6,15 27:7,25 44:22
73:15,16 83:24 138:3
138:3 209:25
larger
196:8
largest
27:18 145:3
large-scale
45:8
laser
23:25
lasers
17:22
late
323:1
latest
46:16
launch
132:2 165:11
launched
39:17
law
109:8 156:20,22
157:11 158:25 159:3
159:11 163:22 164:16
173:6 181:7
laws
135:8 158:8
lawyer
129:10 171:10 211:1
lawyers
14:24 189:18
layman
67:6
layman's
70:10 146:1

leading
145:11 168:11 205:11
289:15 291:8 298:24
leap
181:9
learn
107:1 108:4 148:5
149:1
learned
154:16
learning
53:13 60:18 61:7
149:19,23 150:6,12
151:20,23 192:20
237:2
learning-disabled
262:1
leave
18:15
left
39:22 43:25 48:6 216:9
left-hand
230:17 233:12 240:22
legal
33:14 48:2,8 63:18
67:5 70:9,24 71:13,22
72:3,5,20 73:8,22,24
75:14 76:7 81:17
82:21 84:14,23 87:11
87:17 88:19 89:1,25
90:8,15 92:16 107:11
113:10 117:23 127:4
127:14 128:16,16
130:2,10 134:22
135:11 143:23 153:5
158:1 165:17 169:1
178:17,25 179:8
182:12,20 184:18
189:20 209:16 210:2
210:6 211:6 212:2
224:4 228:12 247:24
254:8 327:1
legally
153:3,17 163:25 172:3
183:15
legs
91:2

length
102:1 226:25
lessoned
200:1
letter
30:5 45:14 181:6
letters
30:2 37:11,16 44:12
45:8,13,13,15,17
let's
21:24 30:8 42:13 43:10
47:14 69:18 76:17
90:20,22 104:2,15
108:19 109:16 119:8
119:11 124:5 129:13
139:17 144:24 146:3
147:16,25 148:24
150:9 153:2,22
154:10 155:7 156:10
160:15 162:23 172:18
179:16 208:7 224:16
277:17 281:21 286:23
290:1,1 300:17
304:20 314:2 317:2
322:24
level
16:9 171:21 208:19
299:4 301:15 303:11
306:5,7,7,9
levels
219:12,15 305:3 306:3
312:23
level-above
82:14
Lexis
7:3 237:16,22
libraries
104:4 205:11,13,23
209:25 213:3,19
230:6 235:14,17
238:22 240:7 241:2
245:8
library
7:11 82:3 83:25 145:3
169:11 212:17 213:6
213:15 222:24 226:10
230:11 231:7,21,25

232:11,19 233:4,23
234:5 235:10,22
238:21 239:20,23
240:4,12 241:15
242:4 247:2 296:16
license
73:13 96:13 127:17
128:24 172:8 289:14
329:4
licensed
72:18,23 73:4,20
107:13,22 108:6,9
148:17 329:3
licensing
96:11
life
73:18
lights
280:20
limit
258:1
limitation
86:7 281:24
limited
76:15 134:20 135:4
161:5 257:11,18
line
7:23 15:21 38:17 51:13
51:13 81:23 207:20
260:16 282:9
lines
86:2 92:12
Lingane
180:7
link
119:5 162:17,19
318:15,18 320:6
linked
103:19
linking
103:15
list
48:7 52:13 93:6 100:11
109:19 146:22 147:10
152:18,18,24 178:10
294:16,18,24,25
295:17,20

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

355
listed
28:11 42:15 66:20
69:21,25 94:8 142:14
194:11,12 294:9
listen
141:3 266:9
listening
121:16 204:6,12 274:7
293:13
Lists
89:20 93:11 95:21
96:17,24
literacy
106:22 107:9,21
145:10
literary
126:21
litigated
117:23 208:19
litigation
125:8 191:24 208:18
209:3 210:4,14
214:23 224:18 228:10
228:20 236:17 237:9
241:7,14 250:24
251:4 253:3 254:6,13
254:19 255:19 304:14
304:21 307:19 325:20
little
21:6 195:7 209:9
LLP
2:4 3:3,18 8:19,21,23
loading
22:20
locate
272:22,25 307:25
317:13 324:8
located
20:7 74:24 273:11
log
163:1
log-in
163:4
long
15:13 22:8 151:13,22
164:3
longer

89:12 137:1
longest-term
27:18
look
52:17 63:25 69:19
83:22 86:1 98:17
114:10 120:2 124:5
171:23 260:19 264:1
286:9 312:1 322:9
looked
223:18 286:11 291:1
311:3
looking
44:11 85:24 114:13
120:24 192:23 256:16
264:6 274:14 311:22
314:9,14 318:20
321:6 323:16
looks
37:7 69:11 84:2 143:15
144:23 159:2 214:25
loss
149:10 197:2
lost
195:7
lot
45:5,25 117:17 132:11
143:15 310:3
loud
184:22
low
61:8 86:25 123:17
150:15 261:24 266:17
274:8 275:21 306:13
306:15
lower
144:19
low-quality
115:1
low-vision
123:2 150:11
lunch
143:5
L.L.P
3:11
M

204:15
machine
30:2,12 32:18 54:8
56:4 58:24 188:3,7,14
188:17 308:11,18
319:3
machines
53:10 54:4,15 186:7
magnification
196:25 197:25 264:25
265:3 268:15 271:7
271:15 275:16,23
276:3
magnified
123:7
magnifier
265:7,13 268:19,22
269:1
magnifies
240:1
magnify
160:13 268:17 269:4
magnifying
268:20
magnitude
40:15
MAIER
3:10
mail
45:9 46:13,15 50:7
mailings
46:4
main
22:25 24:24 48:11,19
58:19 79:25 131:21
164:22
maintain
153:25 179:1
Maintaining
48:4
maintenance
27:15 34:6 46:11,12
54:1
major
16:19 17:14,15 23:11
24:25 35:10 45:22
100:3,10 112:8

165:21 186:21 188:8
189:18
majority
35:23 47:3 112:16
137:14 147:21 259:16
making
23:22 123:13 125:24
170:23 184:7 186:6
201:12 227:24 260:5
260:10 288:19 315:13
324:1
Malamud
15:2 305:20 307:23
320:13 321:6,15
322:24 324:19
Malamud's
303:19 304:3 305:13
mammal
44:22
manage
264:2
management
80:14,15 133:8 168:3
172:16,21 187:24
219:23 226:2 245:9
326:12,21
managers
187:25
mandated
183:16
Manhattan
208:20
manner
132:25 166:8
manufacturer
49:17
map
63:24
maps
63:25
mark
12:10 21:11 56:18 58:2
59:14 63:3 64:18
66:14 70:15 84:11
87:8 88:15 89:22
90:4 91:22 92:2
marked

M
CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

356
7:17 12:13,16 21:13
34:10 41:16,19 50:15
50:18 68:9,12 69:14
69:18 98:9,11 143:7
143:12 179:23 180:3
185:7,12 190:16,19
208:13 213:23 229:4
229:7 237:12,21
241:20,22 249:1,8
303:18 304:3,10
305:12
market
36:19 186:9 285:5
291:19
marketed
59:5
marketing
36:1,5,11 50:9,12
marking
21:6
marks
328:21
markup
120:7,10,11 121:18
Martus
98:23 108:10,13
187:10
mass
46:4 230:9
master
17:10
master's
16:10 17:1,5,13,17,20
24:11
material
42:24 90:17 94:23 95:9
95:12 98:3 112:24
117:10 118:9,12
119:16 139:7,9,15,19
148:20,23 154:3
155:6 170:24 171:12
177:9 200:14 213:14
220:20 229:17 239:3
245:4 269:25 289:4
292:20 293:20 305:14
305:17,20 312:22
317:3 321:18

materials
93:6 126:15 127:11
128:23 135:8 148:10
148:14 149:7 158:10
159:19,22 163:8
170:16 173:6,11,12
213:5 234:1 249:20
324:1 325:23
math
29:2
Matt
255:6
matter
8:5 251:12
matters
304:7
MCCLELLAND
3:10
MDP
230:9
Meadows
244:1 245:17
mean
30:17 42:6 45:13 82:11
85:13,21 88:5 121:10
123:10 124:13 126:10
129:8 146:24 156:23
169:2 177:18 178:19
194:7,21 195:2,6,9,24
204:12 221:2 223:8
246:21 248:5 252:24
256:14 261:21 272:24
273:3,22 274:4,11
275:2 276:17 297:3
306:15 310:23
meaning
16:5 261:17
means
146:8 147:7 170:7
180:18 240:2 245:13
245:25 260:21 261:2
299:22
meant
222:11
measure
28:7 300:8
measures

19:15,18 224:1 227:3
228:4 235:12,21
241:2
mechanical
246:1
mechanism
167:2 168:3 287:5
293:13
mechanisms
101:17 102:2 245:10
media
147:9
medical
109:11
medication
11:11
meet
5:20 46:13 133:9 153:5
155:15 157:18 259:15
282:4
meeting
165:9,11 189:14
meetings
80:5
meets
109:7 169:13
member
94:19 95:3 137:2 148:9
148:14 149:3 150:1,5
153:11,16 154:6,19
161:1 163:5 174:3
213:3 238:21 240:5,7
members
79:21 110:2,12,23
111:6 112:13,25
122:3,13,17 135:6
139:7,8 152:14
166:25 167:1 170:17
205:13 206:4 216:4
218:10,13
membership
110:11,16 111:2,11,17
152:9 154:4 160:18
175:2,8
memorize
279:12
memorized

36:22 128:7
memory
36:23 140:18
mention
13:18 120:15 121:1
217:6 320:6
mentioned
147:11 246:8 295:20
295:23 299:9 301:14
302:1,6 309:2
mentions
277:6 296:4 298:23
merged
33:7 55:4
merger
41:14
met
190:8 210:21
method
30:19 31:14,24 197:1,7
276:18 277:10 278:6
280:4 308:20 318:22
methods
128:21 199:10 200:13
277:14 278:4
Mh-hmm
14:17 105:21 106:5
108:21 146:7,15
148:7 154:11 173:19
195:16 216:11 262:4
272:17 295:7 310:22
Michigan's
240:4
Micro
270:22
microfluidics
29:2,7
microscopy
23:19
Microsoft
31:13,24 59:3 116:3
266:8 288:5,9,9
291:22 292:5,6
294:11 295:25
middle
188:2 192:24 202:3
Middlefield

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

357
9:12
middling
300:17,22 301:4,5
mike
144:6 304:6
Millennium
171:9
million
40:12,21,25 41:3 55:14
mind
13:16 77:20 131:22
294:14 321:19
Mindy
43:7
minimal
73:14 226:19 228:3
minimum
73:14
minor
16:21 17:17 135:18
minors
17:18
minute
292:18
minutes
327:5
Miradi
187:21,23
misaligned
311:18 312:1
misalignments
311:22
Mischaracterizes
197:17 306:22
misleading
170:19 262:8 303:7
misled
243:11
Misrec
313:4
misrecs
203:15
missed
149:20
missing
115:1 311:13
mission

181:22
missions
26:7
Misstates
59:10 74:9,16 86:17
95:15 104:8 107:25
113:1 117:13 121:22
129:19 152:16 166:9
173:14 194:25 236:9
261:12 277:4 281:5
296:24
model
168:13,16,21,24
models
186:1
modem
204:16,20
moderate
301:7
modern
120:24 124:7 125:5
126:25 204:17 244:3
244:8,11
moment
71:3 96:14 143:13
242:9 269:23
money
20:15,21 47:7 55:15
monitor
8:11 269:3
month
11:18 172:20
monthly
225:16
months
14:5
month's
172:19
morning
8:3 9:9 250:11,18
255:12
motion
6:6,13 211:24 212:6,9
212:13 228:21
motor
53:16 86:13
Motors

25:3
Mountain
2:5 8:15
move
70:12 282:20
moved
282:16
moving
29:9
MP3
140:22 141:1,2 142:10
multiple
82:12 129:11 158:1
243:4,6
multiwire
27:19
Murphy
26:1
Murray
26:2,4,20
M-I-R-A-D-I
187:21
N
N
8:2 204:14
name
9:10,20 26:9 33:15,19
55:2 58:23 72:5 73:8
74:5,6,19,21 75:9
76:13,14 89:14 93:11
101:6 134:2,7,11
136:11,11 137:15
163:13 174:6,24
224:11 236:5 279:17
279:22,24 280:4
named
76:21 329:13
names
51:15 74:4 270:19
279:13
narrate
194:17
narrow
37:15 189:3
narrower
168:1
narrowly

160:3 180:20
NASA
25:19 26:21
National
26:24 27:5 210:20
nature
70:5 75:6 79:13 193:24
212:23
nearly
285:8
necessarily
287:19
necessary
256:4
need
10:11,18 26:12,15 60:7
60:22 64:6 82:15
94:22 104:25 117:21
122:23 163:8 200:1
202:12 242:13 259:19
273:15 280:24 293:15
300:5 304:5 326:3
needed
47:5 80:3 105:14 134:2
needing
36:21
needs
5:21 60:18 61:7 82:13
126:25 135:14,20
159:4,13 182:1 194:4
258:8,9,10 259:15
263:20,20,21
Negotiating
48:5
neither
77:8
NEUSTADT
3:10
never
29:6 106:19 256:3
300:20
new
37:20 40:1 79:17
208:20
NFPA
325:6
nice

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

358
172:10
night
29:15
noble
28:2
nods
10:12 195:4
non
46:24
nondisabled
101:18
nondramatic
126:21
nonhuman
200:12
nonlawyer
246:23
nonprofit
62:13 74:18 75:2 76:12
81:12 145:12,21
156:12 181:20 185:19
186:3,4 212:3
nonqualifying
132:24
nonrec
313:10
nonrecs
203:15
non-OCR
46:23
normal
86:3 159:14 160:25
notable
29:12
note
140:16,18 142:12
251:7 253:5 257:1,6
263:24 268:8 301:8
304:1 305:18
noted
21:5 32:25 229:19
237:22 256:2 275:21
notes
19:20 235:14
noteworthy
32:12 132:12
notice

71:7 169:24 170:4
201:14
171:21 172:2 204:13 objection
318:17 321:15 322:18 15:5 24:22 29:14 30:21
327:19 328:2,9
31:8,15 32:1,9,20
noticeable
33:13,24 35:19 36:16
290:12
38:1,10,24 39:5 40:13
noticed
40:23 48:15,22 49:7
327:13
50:1 51:10,21 52:7,15
notices
54:5,18 55:10,18
134:20 135:5 171:13
57:18 58:5,13 59:10
171:16
59:16,25 60:8,24 61:3
noting
61:18,24 62:7,17,23
298:8 308:6 324:6
63:5,11,17,23 64:20
novel
65:2,15,20,25 66:5,10
119:18 125:1
66:15,22 67:4,13,23
November
68:4 70:8,16,23 71:12
69:23,24
71:21 72:2,12,19,24
Nuance
73:5,21 74:9,16 75:21
41:12,13
76:4 79:24 80:11
null
81:1,4 82:2,7,20 84:5
329:17
84:13,22 85:6 86:17
number
87:1,5,10,16,22 88:12
8:9 69:25 91:16 141:10
88:18,25 89:6,13,18
155:1 165:22,23
89:24 90:7,14 92:15
173:8 185:2 214:16
93:3,15,21 94:15,20
215:6,7 216:5,8,18
95:5,14 96:3,8,19,25
217:22 219:3 233:1
97:6,12,18,25 99:3,15
280:21 291:3 293:21
99:21 100:5,20,25
293:23 302:1 303:23
101:10,25 102:10
311:21 327:13
103:6,13 104:8 106:9
numbered
106:14,23 107:5,10
144:17 192:17
107:25 108:11,24
numbers
110:3,13,19 111:8,14
214:23 216:9,19,20
111:23 112:6,14
224:22 225:9,12
113:1,9,17 114:5,22
232:24 307:2
115:8,15,22 116:13
NVDA
117:2,13 118:4,23
271:8
120:20 121:22 122:7
NW
122:20 123:4,22
3:5
124:1 125:12,20
126:8 127:3,13,24
O
128:4 129:6,18 130:1
O
130:9,16,21 131:17
8:2
132:19 133:3,14,20
oath
134:4,12,21 135:10
10:6
136:2,7,19 137:4
object
139:10,21 140:6,13
13:1 119:3 126:4

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

140:23 141:7,15,19
142:1,17 143:22
146:18 147:1 150:2
152:6,15 153:13
154:7,20 155:23
156:24 157:5 160:7
162:6,18 163:6
164:10 165:5 166:6,9
167:12,23 168:18
170:18 171:5 172:25
173:14,22 174:13,20
177:7 178:5,16,24
179:7 181:11 182:4
182:11,19 184:2,15
185:17 187:13,18
188:18 190:10 191:4
193:17 194:24 195:11
196:2,19 197:4,16
198:8 199:12,18
200:15 201:2,18
202:10 203:8,17,23
204:3,10 205:8,18,24
206:8,19 207:1,7
208:3,22 209:4,17
210:5,15 211:25
212:18,25 213:7,16
215:15 218:24 219:16
219:21 220:23 221:14
223:3,17 224:3,12
225:13 226:4,22
227:5 228:5,11,15
230:12 231:8,23
233:5 234:6 235:23
236:8 239:12 240:13
241:9,16 242:8
244:19 248:7 250:12
250:19,25 252:13
253:12,22 254:7,14
254:20 255:20,24
258:4 260:12 261:11
262:7 263:1 265:1,8
265:14,20 266:1,23
267:4,11,21 268:4
270:4 271:12,23
272:8 273:9,23 275:8
276:1,10,13,20 277:3
277:16 278:7,14,25

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

359
279:8,18 280:7 281:5
281:12 283:16,22
284:14 285:6 286:17
287:12,21 288:6,22
289:6,22 290:9,21
291:6,20 292:2,11,22
294:4 295:1,10 296:2
296:7,12,23 297:4,17
297:25 298:6,13,22
299:7,24 300:6
301:18 303:5,13
306:21 308:4,15,24
310:12,25 311:10,15
311:20 312:2,19
313:5,11,17,23
314:12 315:11,21
316:3,11,22 317:18
318:1,10,25 319:5
320:3,19 321:2,23
322:10,20 323:21
324:3,10,16,25 325:8
325:14 326:25 327:16
327:23 328:6,12
objections
220:16
Objectives
192:21
objects
30:4
obligated
135:6
obligation
105:8 135:22
obligations
133:10
Oblon
3:10 8:21
observe
314:6 323:24
observed
314:5
obtain
18:12 112:12,24
118:20 119:13 121:17
192:8 239:17,21
276:25 307:22
obtained

132:22
obtaining
119:2,10,11
obtains
113:14
obvious
123:12 321:19
obviously
121:7 196:10
occasionally
111:9 138:2
occurred
125:8 302:17
occurs
35:24
ocean
44:23
OCR
30:16,19 32:7,17 34:1
36:19 38:5,16 39:15
39:20 54:16 61:9,15
61:22 62:2,4,11,14
117:11 122:6,19,23
123:20 124:7 125:5
125:10,16 188:9,16
200:22 201:5 202:13
202:19 203:7,10,14
203:19,21,25 204:21
206:17 267:19 285:5
287:10 289:9,12,20
289:24,25,25 290:5,6
290:13,15 294:1
295:8,22 310:9 311:3
312:9,9,13,17,23
315:10,20 316:2,10
316:14,21 320:25
321:10,16,19 322:9
322:18,22
OCR-based
60:16
OCR-processed
206:24 314:25
October
229:11 237:25 238:9
238:11
OEM
49:12,16

offer
251:3 292:5
offered
93:10,14,18 94:5,10,11
94:13 103:4 254:21
offering
250:22 252:9 253:1,9
253:17,23 254:9
office
50:22 56:19 57:7,14
58:4,9 59:15,24 62:6
63:4,10 64:19 65:1
68:15 84:12,21 87:9
87:15 88:17,24 89:23
90:6,12 91:24 92:3,14
98:13 104:25 105:3
105:10 112:9 161:10
291:22 292:6
officer
34:17 48:2 81:7,9,11
81:21,22
official
74:21
off-centered
115:13
Oh
29:2 44:20 107:16
144:8 204:16 222:10
224:24 238:8 306:24
307:3,6 328:19
okay
10:17 13:14 14:15 16:1
16:11 21:9,14 39:22
39:24 42:12,12 43:21
43:24 52:21,24 64:11
66:19 69:6 75:11
77:14 78:12,12 79:15
80:21 90:24 93:20
94:1 102:15 103:11
103:15 106:21 115:11
119:11 122:2 129:15
130:19 131:1 135:3
138:14 142:16 143:17
143:25 144:5,10,15
144:20,24 147:3
151:8 160:16 161:6
161:16,24 163:17

167:25 168:7 175:21
177:4,23 178:2
179:11,24 183:6,9
184:6,23 189:7,13
191:20 192:7,15,19
192:24 194:6,12
196:24 198:13 201:25
206:13 209:2 211:13
211:21,23 212:5
217:3,6 220:11
221:25 223:7,13,14
223:25 227:18 233:17
233:19 234:19 235:3
236:14,22 237:18
238:19 242:18,25
243:9 244:4,7 247:18
248:19 251:16 255:14
259:23 262:2 265:23
270:24 273:24 278:16
282:12,13 283:20
286:2 294:23 295:10
295:16 304:6,7,15
305:10,25 306:23
307:6,10 310:17
320:22 325:21 326:7
326:9,14,17 328:16
328:19
old
216:6
omission
100:10
omitting
151:2
Omnifront
36:15
once
11:18 113:14 115:18
116:23 138:9 139:6
163:12 204:21 215:5
321:19
ones
28:14 48:1 51:13
121:12 132:12 196:10
199:14 279:6 294:14
ongoing
83:7 110:11
online

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

360
83:24 97:21 136:21
137:11 145:3 169:10
171:12 226:10,13
227:25 230:22 289:20
289:25 290:6 296:18
298:12 312:9
open
7:10 58:12,16,21,22,23
58:25 59:5,5,7,14,23
60:15,23 61:10,11,13
61:14 62:5 65:14
96:9,10,12 131:10
242:4 271:8
openly
107:12,21 108:6,8
operate
82:25 158:2 160:9
166:12 247:2
operated
133:22 212:17 221:7
operates
83:23 129:3,17 138:22
145:18 163:20 212:20
268:16 269:22
operating
74:19 83:9,15 114:16
181:4
operation
95:22 128:19 212:21
operational
168:20,24
operations
50:8 81:17 129:22
opinion
6:16 128:16 179:12
222:20 223:12 229:1
229:8 237:8 252:9
263:5
opinions
251:4 252:1,6
opportunity
11:8 77:11 222:22
opposed
38:5 114:16 118:6
273:19 277:25 292:15
314:5
Opposition

6:12
optical
29:24 30:1,8,17 32:14
33:20 44:4,10 45:16
45:18 113:22 193:8
200:21 284:17 320:24
optics
17:21
options
199:24
optometrists
109:16
oranges
103:23
order
14:21 40:15 77:8 91:11
91:17 149:2 174:2
195:20 324:22
organization
81:17 138:15 162:2
181:21 185:19,22
organizations
49:11 145:21 162:4,7
168:12 181:3 294:7
298:24 300:14
organization's
130:14
organize
93:1
orienting
202:19
origin
218:12
original
39:12 49:16 170:6
173:7 183:19 186:11
198:23 229:17 279:24
329:16
originally
136:22
outcome
228:10,19 237:3
329:13
outline
19:6
output
202:8

outputting
264:21
outside
189:2 218:7,9
outsourcers
218:16 219:1,23
overall
170:16
overarching
133:9
oversaw
81:13
overseeing
48:2,8
owned
43:3 68:21,25 76:20
98:24
owner
70:21 71:19,25 170:5
232:22

188:25 192:15,16,18
192:19 193:8 194:9
194:22 195:8,20,25
196:13,24 200:25
201:7,8,21 202:3,15
202:17,20 203:12
204:25 214:4,9 217:8
218:21 219:9 221:4,4
222:1,4,5,13 226:7
229:7,21 230:16
232:24 233:2,11
234:18,19 238:14,16
240:20,23 244:1,2,4,5
244:6 245:17,22
246:14,19 247:6,19
247:19 249:15 250:9
257:5 259:3,23
260:16 262:20 263:16
263:18 264:6,8 266:5
269:18 272:12,14
274:15 276:16 283:6
P
285:18 286:3 288:13
P
289:19 293:1,10
8:2
295:24 307:12,13
package
309:4 310:18 312:4
38:22 162:8,13,16
314:22,23 319:8,8,22
168:25
321:7,8,9,18 323:4,16
packages
326:15
162:21
pages
page
42:20 51:7,18 52:3,12
4:3,8 5:2 6:2 7:2,19,23
71:6 86:15 98:18
28:10 30:9,13,14 43:1
114:9,20 115:1,5,13
68:20 71:4 85:25
115:18 121:1 143:14
86:10,15 98:22 114:9
143:21 144:17 153:25
120:2,3,3 121:2
176:4,21,24 178:14
123:21 124:15,16
179:2,5 191:18 215:9
144:21,22,24 146:3
231:3 239:8 241:24
147:25 148:24 150:9
247:9 272:21 290:12
151:19 152:11,11
291:2 296:15 297:23
153:2,23 154:10,18
304:24 306:18,25
154:21 155:7 156:10
309:23 311:13,18,22
156:11 158:5 160:15
312:1,10,14,25
162:15,21,23 163:1
314:19,25 315:10,20
163:16 168:7,8 169:8
316:2,10,21 317:2
171:2,3 172:13,15
319:20 322:13,16
173:18,20,21 175:4
326:11
175:13,15 180:9,25
paid
182:24 183:7 188:1,2

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

361
111:2,5 163:10 178:9
218:8 256:23
Palo
9:12,19 74:24
palsy
53:17 86:9
paper
56:16 116:10
papers
16:12
paragraph
91:11,16 145:8 146:4
149:8,9 155:9 158:6
163:18 164:13 181:16
181:17 183:3,13
184:11 185:21 189:4
189:8 192:11,25
195:8,14 197:10
198:16 199:22 202:17
202:25,25 216:14,15
216:16,19,22 217:2,8
217:13 219:9 220:6
222:1,14 225:14,15
226:7,21 244:2,7
249:17 251:19 262:20
264:7 272:14,14
274:15 283:6 285:18
305:5 309:6 310:18
319:9 323:17
paragraphs
145:16 159:9 197:21
198:14 203:3,4,5
219:25 220:19 221:8
225:25 304:24
parent
135:16
parse
55:23
part
18:11 29:17,22 41:6
56:24 63:15 65:11
66:20,21 67:10 68:7
72:9 78:17 82:6
92:21 94:18,21
100:13 103:4 104:4,7
106:2 107:9 112:3
114:3,24 116:9

118:19 159:5 165:11
171:7 179:11 205:14
213:14 237:6 241:6
241:13 245:23 255:6
256:5,11,12,15
284:11 289:20 291:4
294:3,16 295:4,18
311:6 323:16,17
partial
235:4
participate
34:18
participating
205:23
participation
254:6,13,18 255:19
particle
28:3
particles
27:9,22
particular
28:20,24 43:9 50:3
56:25 168:4 175:15
232:17,17,25 300:11
309:25 322:1,6
parties
72:18 329:12
Partners
102:16 103:16,21
105:11
Partnership
99:2,14 100:14 102:8
102:23 103:5 104:5
104:14 106:7,19
parts
42:3,7 56:21 57:2 67:3
party
77:8 94:24 95:2 111:3
111:5 135:15 136:1
161:3 274:25
passage
148:8 158:4 159:10
160:6 168:16 170:12
180:22 181:10 190:7
194:8 261:8
passages
145:1

passed
46:16 180:24
password
134:2,7,11 163:13,15
224:11 236:5
pasting
288:12
Patapoff
3:25 8:12
patent
5:3 43:3,9 44:6 51:20
56:18,22 57:3 58:3
59:15 63:4,16 64:18
69:8,10,11,21,25 70:2
70:6,11,19,22 71:10
71:19 72:1,9,18 73:3
73:18,20 74:1,8 84:12
87:9 88:16 89:23
90:5,12 91:23
patented
70:18
patents
4:15,20,23 41:6 51:8
62:12 68:21
path
28:3
patron
239:17
patrons
205:15 238:22
pattern
29:3 44:5,7,7,9 45:2
46:23 47:5 278:17
patterns
44:12
pause
15:7 78:9 147:3 294:22
pay
94:18,23 95:2,4 96:1
110:6 111:10 162:9
218:16
paying
74:1 94:24 110:15
111:4 161:3
payment
100:19
payments

73:15
PC
54:7 56:6 59:2 188:9
188:13 268:17 284:9
PDF
116:5,18 161:17 206:7
206:11,24 245:22
271:11 272:7 284:16
284:18 287:10 309:11
309:15,21 310:10,15
310:20 311:7,14,19
312:1,7 313:1 315:1
315:10,20 316:2,10
316:21 319:23 320:15
PDFs
206:14,21
PDF-scanned
312:14
pending
10:21 11:21,25 51:19
52:13 94:10
Penguin
100:9
people
5:25 45:17 53:11 60:18
60:19 61:7,8 78:5
82:4 84:6,9 85:9,12
85:13,14,16,18 86:12
99:8,9 101:18 102:2
107:1 108:2,3 109:17
119:25 121:9,11,13
123:17 128:9 130:7
131:11 145:4,23
147:22 149:10 150:10
152:19 153:19,22
155:3 156:15,17
157:15 158:12,22
159:13,20 164:4
167:20 169:3,12,17
170:24 178:11 180:14
183:22 186:23 187:2
187:4 189:21 190:22
191:11 196:16 197:14
201:5,15 205:3,11
226:11 232:13 249:21
249:23 250:15 257:13
257:20 258:3,6,8,10

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

362
258:24 259:5,10,16
260:1,11,15 261:4,9
261:10,14,16,18
262:10,25 263:20,21
266:13,16 270:16
271:6 275:4,19,21
276:23 277:21,23
281:14,15,19,22,25
282:2,3,17 283:9
291:22 299:1,12
301:16,25 302:4,19
302:21
perceive
262:18
percent
113:12 121:12 154:13
155:1 160:4 262:10
Percheron
18:21,24
perfectly
124:7,16
perform
113:22 274:20,22
performance
22:22
performed
298:17 310:9 322:13
322:14
period
35:5 39:8 54:8 75:13
77:1 81:5 89:9
125:11
Perkins
199:2,16
permission
100:18 145:24 167:21
246:4 247:24 248:1
permit
158:8
permits
169:15 240:6
permitted
127:10,19 172:4
permitting
128:22
person
35:9,11 47:20 70:11

85:24 86:4,6,14 97:16
109:2 118:1,8 120:3
125:3 135:24 137:15
137:22 139:19,24
140:15 150:14,21
151:10,20 153:15
163:7 177:12,23
192:3 193:21 196:6
198:20,24,25 199:15
200:2 204:6,16 239:2
239:6 259:14 262:6
263:15 264:10 266:8
269:23 270:8,13
272:22 273:7,18
274:3,6,10 275:12,17
275:24 276:5,9,21
277:24 280:24 281:18
297:5 302:9,13,17
personal
56:3 88:9 200:4 264:15
personally
2:9
persons
169:23 170:10 182:2
263:23 298:20 299:5
306:11
philanthropy
112:1
Phoenix
19:22 20:10 21:23
phonetic
279:22,22
photoacoustic
23:19
photocopying
246:2
photographic
26:5
phrase
120:17 121:20 167:14
193:23 261:14 268:5
phrased
154:8 266:24
phrases
120:25
physical
30:24 53:14 149:18

150:6,11,21 151:10
151:15 154:2 263:15
physically
119:4 155:11 239:7
262:5
physics
17:2,3,11,16,22 18:10
27:8
Ph.D
17:24 18:8,12 24:11
pick
85:25 86:4 153:24
154:14 262:6 278:18
picking
86:14
picture
30:13 125:2 146:10
286:5
pictures
107:13,22 207:12
piece
57:24 96:12 118:8
pieces
188:13 284:8
pile
304:11
piracy
201:11 226:13 227:25
247:22
Pitney
49:13
place
8:14 12:15 50:17 90:16
106:1 166:19 235:12
237:20 249:7 318:20
323:25
placed
213:22
placeholder
308:6,9 324:6
plain
137:14
PLAINTIFF
1:6
plaintiffs
3:2 6:13 8:19,21 9:21
209:3,15 212:9

236:16,20
plaintiff's
12:10 13:8
plan
133:8 168:3 172:16,17
172:21,24 226:3
326:12,15,21 327:2
Planet
8:13 9:1
planning
125:24
plans
133:9
platform
83:23
play
126:18,25 127:7
210:13 236:22
player
140:22 141:3 142:10
pleadings
16:5
please
8:16 9:2,17 10:15,19
11:7 23:21 29:24
37:3 77:22 79:14
93:25 98:17 109:13
143:13 177:24 178:1
188:24 194:3 204:24
224:18 229:20 259:22
260:18 263:24 269:19
272:12 304:9
plot
63:25
plug
25:15
plus
26:11 45:19 58:24,25
163:14 299:9
point
10:14 11:4 29:5 42:6
54:1,6 77:20 199:9
216:24 243:3 254:22
260:20 306:14
pointed
251:7
pointing

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

363
199:15 251:18 307:11
points
128:12 170:21 309:1
policies
168:25
policy
80:9,12 165:16
political
301:10
poorly
191:9
population
154:14 160:4 281:21
portable
56:12 57:3,13 67:22
265:7 268:19
portion
90:21 113:6 192:11
236:1,5 242:2
portions
77:11
position
21:23 48:12 191:21,23
positions
19:21 28:13
possibility
124:24 242:11
possible
96:11 105:4 163:25
218:1
post
49:6,8 242:21 247:5,8
postal
45:24 46:5,14 49:10,12
49:13,19,20
posted
252:11,18 324:1,14
326:22
posting
253:2,10,18
posts
247:7
postsecondary
132:13,21
potential
152:14 174:2
potentially

77:6 105:16 195:20
Potter
301:9
powerful
36:24
powers
246:24
practice
32:14 74:1 179:4
preceded
38:17
precedes
198:16
precise
43:8 99:17 109:15
precisely
147:10
predates
69:3
prefer
105:5
preparation
15:22 299:1
prepare
12:24 14:3,13,21,23
15:3,14,19 251:24
prepared
98:13 210:24
preparing
37:6 48:4
present
3:24 78:20,25 133:16
180:23 206:15
presentation
195:6 269:24 289:17
presentations
194:13,15,23 196:1
presented
133:7 270:10
preservation
232:12
preserving
38:12
president
20:11 34:11,15 35:3,17
35:25 36:11 47:8,11
47:17,24 48:13,20

54:21 78:14,22 79:17
79:18,19 80:22,25
81:6,8
presorting
46:4 49:12
press
36:8 199:17 209:12
213:9
presses
102:19 199:3
presuming
273:18
pretty
32:4 36:24 131:10
prevent
101:18 221:11 224:1
239:6
prevents
149:5 239:2
previously
7:17 228:6 275:7
304:10 305:12 308:3
308:14 317:16
price
40:11,22,25 54:3,6
55:13 285:3 291:16
292:9,14
priced
40:16
prices
54:8
Prima
246:5
primacy
36:19
primarily
26:7 27:14 34:5 36:5
46:9 47:19 53:10,23
76:24 84:8 85:14
108:18 132:3 195:19
209:6,12 210:8
219:20,22 224:14
280:11
primary
26:22 34:20 36:8,18,23
45:6 62:1 93:4 109:1
121:12 128:12 132:20

148:21 168:3 170:23
181:22 187:11 213:10
principal
156:14
print
82:4 85:15,17,20,22
86:4,6,12,16,20 97:17
98:6 99:11 109:2,6
117:25 122:3,13,17
126:24 128:10 145:4
145:23 147:19 149:4
149:6 150:16,23
151:12 152:3 155:14
158:24 159:14,22
160:5,11 164:4
169:12,18 192:3
193:21 194:18 196:7
197:24 198:6,11
201:4 220:4,22
226:11,17 228:2
232:14 238:23,25
239:5,10 240:9
249:22 258:10,14,21
259:6,8,17 260:10,15
260:19,24 261:10
262:10,12 263:12
266:13,16 267:25
275:19 277:15 278:5
280:3,5 281:2,15,19
281:22,24 282:4
297:9,20 328:10
printed
37:6 78:6 85:23 86:15
113:15,20 117:10
123:21 127:7 154:3
193:7 200:13,25
204:1 231:4 239:3
246:18 309:21 311:9
printer
267:15,24,25 292:24
293:1
printing
199:3,17 301:1 302:3
printout
229:13
print-disabilities
205:12

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

364
print-disabled
104:24 118:1 127:12
135:25 147:23 198:7
198:11 200:13 217:12
233:24 239:20 244:12
249:23 250:16,17
260:2,7 261:5,15,16
261:18,21 263:22
281:11 283:10 296:17
301:17 324:2
prior
51:23 112:22 165:10
private
18:16,25 20:5 22:3,6
privilege
10:25 11:3
privileged
13:2 221:14 227:8
pro
177:20 178:9 254:6,9
proactively
299:18
probably
20:18 22:3,11,11 30:25
46:3 47:6 67:17
83:19 195:22 197:11
204:17 209:10 216:25
219:4,4 259:14
291:23 303:3 306:7
problem
22:19 105:25 124:22
153:8,18 184:25
214:21
problematic
260:3
problems
50:11 124:17 206:20
224:24 225:1 258:15
258:21,24 278:19,19
278:20,20
Procedure
13:4 221:16 227:10
procedures
324:22
proceeding
117:24 329:12
proceedings

329:9
process
30:2 32:7,17 45:25
46:1 86:7 101:17,24
103:2 105:12 114:17
115:21 116:9,23
117:11 122:4,6,19
123:20 125:24 126:2
126:17,22 137:7,9
171:21 174:2 200:3
287:3 290:5,7 291:10
310:9 312:10,13
316:15,16 321:1,16
processed
30:6 49:10 123:8,11
315:10,20 316:2,10
316:21
processes
101:20 106:18 114:25
116:25 119:2 125:16
processing
45:9,20 49:25 50:6
202:18 312:17
processor
30:10 285:21 287:7
288:16
produce
49:13 115:21 147:19
287:15
produced
42:25 54:16 257:2
325:6
product
34:5,7 36:5,6,24 37:24
38:5,8,17 39:12,16
46:9 49:5,9,22,24
53:23 55:25 56:10,13
57:1,1,16 58:9,11,16
58:16 60:6,9,17 61:10
61:11,22 62:1,21,25
63:10,15,21,25 64:25
67:16 68:3,6 70:14,18
76:25 81:15,18 83:14
83:21 84:1,3,9 85:4
87:15,20 89:4,16
92:14,18 93:13,18
94:5 96:10 97:11,16

97:21 169:1 187:11
230:9 271:7 289:16
292:10 316:17
production
147:7 287:5 289:10
productized
46:23
products
33:22 34:1 39:9 45:3,5
45:7,23 46:10,20,25
53:9,18,25 54:12
58:22 59:6 61:14
65:11 66:19,21 67:3
76:25 78:3 147:6
246:7 289:9,12,13,15
product's
89:12
professional
109:7,9,11 152:20
155:18 156:3,4
professionals
199:4
profit
76:20
program
24:11 99:2,5,14 100:14
102:9,16,17,18,23
103:5,16,21 104:5,14
105:11,19 106:7,19
107:4 161:18 264:15
269:22,22 285:4,12
288:14,15 291:17
292:1,19 293:14,15
294:1 295:23
programming
29:16
programs
82:14 111:15 112:5,9
285:5 291:18
progression
39:10
progressively
32:13
project
18:25 19:3 24:24 25:12
26:22 27:19 82:8,11
82:14,15 83:4,6,9,20

106:22,25 107:9,21
138:12,16,22 139:4
143:19 164:19 187:16
187:21,24,25 213:11
213:15 222:19 223:10
projects
24:25 25:11,16 28:24
29:12 82:12 186:2
187:3
promote
186:1
pronounced
40:6
pronouncing
18:21
pronunciation
18:22
proof
97:17,21 98:5 102:2
163:9
proofread
117:12 218:16 221:1,3
proofreading
117:16
proofreads
113:23
proper
106:1
properly
115:14
properties
37:8
property
173:4
proportion
110:5
proportional
27:19
proprietary
205:17,22 206:3
Propulsion
25:20 26:21
proscription
281:2
proscriptive
280:13,15,19
protect

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

365
181:7 326:21
protected
13:3 221:15 227:9
244:13,18 245:12,13
protecting
180:15
protection
56:22 57:4 63:16 134:3
134:11 244:23 245:9
protections
244:21 245:1,5
protective
77:8 91:11,17
protocols
221:11 224:7
prototype
20:19
provide
10:19 34:6 102:2 105:7
108:7 112:13,25
130:6 156:2 158:15
164:2,6 180:14
181:23 186:22 200:22
211:11 238:22 240:8
242:6 252:5
provided
169:18 181:8 191:19
210:16 223:23 256:3
266:6 309:10 312:6
319:9
provides
169:11 171:11 222:21
230:7,25 231:16
providing
102:5 187:1
provisionally
91:12
provisions
128:6 170:22
psychological
19:18 252:21 305:24
psychologists
109:18
psychology
19:8
psychometrics
19:11

public
40:17 53:7 75:5 81:12
81:19 83:16,16 84:19
85:3 92:10 127:18
128:25 148:16 164:8
190:12 209:7 232:21
296:8
publication
170:6
publications
103:4 301:14
publicly
50:24 68:16 83:11,13
98:14 109:21 210:7
Public.Resource
182:16 184:14 253:7
255:18 309:20 320:13
320:15 323:25 324:9
324:14,23 328:11
Public.Resource's
211:10 252:12,19
253:20 323:24 325:4
325:13 326:18,23
327:13,21 328:4
Public.Resource.Org
1:8 8:7,24 12:1 184:19
249:25 307:18 308:1
308:12,23 309:7,17
310:14 318:16 323:20
327:3
published
196:16
publisher
100:10 101:4,7 102:17
105:22 112:22 131:22
138:4,5 145:24 172:8
172:11 279:25
publishers
100:3,7,15,23,24
101:13,16,23 102:6
102:18,24 103:3,16
103:20,25 106:6,17
112:18 130:14,20
131:9,12 132:6,8,13
132:14,18,21 159:16
159:24 164:22,24
165:2 166:14 167:9

167:17 168:11 171:17
173:5 180:12,17
183:14 189:16,18,23
190:2,6,8 201:10
216:17,18
publishing
131:8,21 132:2,9
165:13 168:5 169:6
173:8 209:8 246:5
302:3
pull
52:22 304:9 325:18,22
pulsed
23:25
purchase
97:20
purchasing
309:21
purported
278:9
purpose
39:3 46:2 93:1,5
136:17 156:14 171:3
172:23 173:3,20
174:16 176:11 254:18
272:15 319:4
purposes
46:3 75:17 323:18
pursuant
91:10
pursue
186:5
put
28:1 31:18 41:18 90:18
90:20 113:21 176:18
225:4 303:18 305:11
306:14 325:25
puts
293:1
putting
288:15 304:2
Pythagorean
147:16
p.m
246:14 247:5,9 248:23
328:25
Q

quadriplegia
53:16
qualification
106:18 151:6 158:19
qualifications
149:25
qualified
184:20 239:18
qualifies
150:16,23 151:12,21
158:12 182:16
qualify
83:13 111:17 130:3
149:16 153:4,19
154:4,11 155:5
262:12
qualifying
101:15 109:2,5 128:10
130:7 149:18,23
150:6 156:8 170:24
183:18
quality
113:25 114:3,13,19,25
116:24 117:12,16,17
125:17 126:11 183:23
248:3 312:21
Quarles
3:3 8:19
question
10:15,16,20,21 13:2
14:16 31:20 55:7
75:7 78:1,11,17 79:12
90:20 91:21 94:4,9
101:13 102:12,19
103:8,12,20 106:4
107:14,18 117:5
122:15 125:7 139:2
148:8 157:8,14 161:8
163:3 167:13 174:14
176:24 177:25 188:15
191:8 194:5 195:1
198:5 200:11 203:24
205:21 215:23,24
217:12 221:9 223:13
227:20 234:17 243:23
245:3,15 251:16,17
257:14,16,23 258:17

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

366
263:4,7 266:24 267:5
275:23 286:8,14
295:2 301:4 306:1
314:10 315:14,16
318:2,21 320:9
questioner
295:15
questioning
15:22 207:20
questions
7:22 42:10 51:5 101:16
117:20 142:15 144:11
144:14 156:1 157:8
171:8 211:13 282:9
325:18 328:17
quick
143:24
quite
123:23 124:23 125:6
141:9 165:23 173:8
215:1 217:22 262:11
302:16 311:21 321:10
322:22
quotations
246:6
quote
109:15
quoted
246:18
quoting
264:14 296:21

raising
34:18
ran
27:7 58:21 80:5
random
100:9 302:10
range
41:4 54:3 76:19 86:11
194:16 285:8 306:8
rank
301:8
rare
44:13 172:1
rarely
201:14
rate
123:25 125:10
Ray
32:8,18
reach
137:10 300:2
reached
29:4 282:9
react
130:20
reacted
131:9,15
reaction
132:13 215:25
read
13:8 14:20 16:4 56:9
75:25 85:5,19 86:1,2
R
87:8,14 88:1 93:7,18
R
94:10,23 95:8,11
1:14 2:1,9 4:13 7:15
97:24 98:3,3 107:2
8:2 9:4 204:14
108:4 119:15,18
RAF
121:17 122:10 123:8
4:21 44:1,3,13 45:3,5
140:18 144:25,25
46:6,9 47:4,9,16,25
146:8,12 148:1,5
48:9,13,20,25 49:5,24
150:16,22 151:4,8,11
50:3,7,13 51:9,15,16
154:15,16 155:13
51:20 52:4,13,19
157:4 158:5 159:10
RAF's
159:14 160:5 170:12
45:23
170:21 190:7 192:10
raise
193:5 194:8 198:24
20:15,21
199:16 215:16 216:1
raises
219:25 224:18 225:6
77:19

242:2 243:17 246:23
252:4 259:8 260:16
261:9 266:18 270:16
271:25 272:23 273:4
273:5,13,18,19 274:3
274:9,12 276:25
285:24 291:10 292:5
309:25 310:1 311:2
315:3,8,19 316:8
320:5
reader
56:1,2,8,21 57:1,7
67:12 85:9 87:21
88:7,8,10,15,23 93:2
94:13,21 95:4,13,19
96:2 123:3 139:24
140:12 142:12 194:16
264:12,13,14,22
266:18 269:16,20,21
270:6,8,19 271:5,8,10
271:21 272:5,20
275:13 285:25 291:18
293:2,8,22 294:21
295:22 296:1 316:8
316:16,17,19
readers
94:2 142:20 275:22
291:8 316:14
reading
15:14,17 32:18 42:2
51:12 52:1 53:10,15
54:4,7,15 56:4 57:19
57:23 58:24 59:2
84:8 85:13 86:3
89:20 93:11 95:21
96:17,23 112:13,24
113:15 139:7 149:6
151:16,25 155:4
156:6 158:24 164:14
170:16 181:25 186:6
188:3,7,14,16,21
199:25 200:20 209:12
234:20 238:15 239:3
259:3 269:25 271:16
305:22 310:6 320:11
320:11 329:20,21,22
reads

196:8 264:16
ready
42:9 51:4 189:10
243:16 305:21,25
Read2Go
84:4,6,11,20 93:13
94:5 97:10,15
real
155:4
realize
11:4 137:20 155:3
really
29:20 92:18 130:16,21
131:17 204:11 303:8
305:14
reask
191:8 203:24 205:20
245:3
reason
10:19 11:10 143:20
148:21 151:1 157:14
161:4
reasonable
132:16
rebuttal
13:8 14:12,19
recall
18:7 20:13 24:18 26:23
34:24 36:12 42:18
46:6 50:2 56:13,17
57:8 60:1 63:13 86:2
192:1 196:17 209:2
223:14,15,25 228:9
237:3 242:20 279:16
291:12 292:13 310:2
recapitulate
170:21
receive
110:23 111:6 113:19
159:25
received
16:13 17:5
receiving
254:12,17
recess
20:25 43:13 91:6 143:5
185:5 208:11 248:24

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

367
282:23 327:8
recognition
4:17 29:4,25 30:1,8,17
32:15 33:2,5,10,18,20
34:4 36:15,20 37:24
38:8 40:2,3 41:11
42:16 43:3,25 44:4,5
44:6,7,9,11 45:2,16
45:19 46:21,24 47:5
49:9 50:7 113:22
115:2 123:25 124:8
125:10 193:9 200:21
202:20,21 278:18
284:18 287:3,19
312:18 320:24
recognize
21:16 42:15,20 43:2
44:24 45:15,17 51:8
51:19 52:4,12 68:19
69:2,9,20 98:19,23
124:16 180:4 185:13
213:24 241:24 242:1
270:18 288:21 311:4
321:9
recognized
36:20 152:21 267:20
285:19,22 286:15,21
286:25 287:2,8,9,15
288:19,25 289:4,10
291:10 322:16
recognizing
30:2 44:13 45:7,13
47:1 123:21
recollect
296:13
recollection
42:24 48:10,19 50:5
57:10 58:3 59:21
60:4 72:8 76:11
84:17 85:2 92:9
93:10 101:3 209:11
223:1 309:13
record
9:10 20:22,23 21:1,4
26:17 31:10 41:20
43:10,11,14 57:11
64:3,4,7,11,13,14

77:15 84:19 90:18,21
90:22 91:4,9 143:3,9
144:2 175:10,17,20
175:22,23,24 176:6
184:24 185:4,10
208:9,15 215:18,19
225:6 240:25 248:22
249:4 252:5 257:6
282:14,21,24 304:1
305:19 327:6,9
328:23 329:9
recording
246:2
records
68:17
reduce
24:3
refer
70:1 75:8,15 245:16
252:23 280:9
reference
286:10 302:7
references
259:19 260:4,19
referred
7:18 300:25
referring
186:13 257:7 259:4
268:6 283:5 289:19
refers
244:1
reframe
257:23 258:17
refresh
50:5 57:9 59:20 60:3
84:17 85:2 92:8
refreshable
200:5 268:3
regard
118:14 287:4
regarding
128:17 176:2
regimes
158:1
registered
52:4 56:18 57:7,13
58:3,9 59:14,24 62:6

63:3,10 64:18,25
84:11,21 87:8,15
88:16,23 89:22 90:4
90:11 91:23 92:2,14
98:19,23
registration
59:22 60:5 68:25 84:19
85:3 92:10
registrations
62:12
regular
159:22 178:14,22
179:4
regulation
109:9
regulations
109:20,25
regulatory
109:21
related
28:21 45:20 250:23
253:2
relating
181:24
relations
47:18 81:19
relationship
47:20
relationships
36:7
relatively
300:15
relay
132:18
release
83:16,16
released
39:8
relevant
298:25 302:2,12,19
relied
216:2
religious
114:11
remainder
30:15
remember

20:17 25:12,16 26:3,19
28:25 40:9 46:18
55:13 59:18 65:8
73:12 92:4,6 101:6
160:18 192:5 209:5
209:15,22 210:2
212:16 255:13 279:24
284:25 321:11,25
REMEMBERED
2:2
remote
22:20,23
removed
307:19
render
34:4 53:22 329:16
rendered
53:24 162:5
rendering
46:7
repeat
31:20 55:7
repeatedly
46:13
rephrase
55:7 122:15 281:20
replace
58:17
replaced
199:8
reply
16:6
report
7:14 13:7,8 14:11,12
14:18,19 15:24 16:12
29:23 211:4,11
248:16 249:9 250:8
251:1,5,9,10,20,23
252:4,7 256:12 257:5
257:6,12,18 258:2,7
259:2,18 263:25
264:14,23 265:3,5,11
265:17,23 266:20
267:8 269:18 272:13
272:15 276:17 281:9
283:6,14 285:14
294:9,17 295:24

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

368
296:3,16 298:9,16
306:17 307:4 309:5
310:17 311:6 314:23
317:3,4,25 318:8,14
319:21 323:5,17,19
reported
1:24 6:15,19 7:3,7
210:7 229:9 237:22
237:24 329:6
reporter
2:8 8:25 9:2 10:8 12:9
21:10 26:8,14 31:8
177:14,21 193:3
225:6 233:20 254:2
304:1 323:8 329:1,3
reporter's
329:17
reporting
34:20
reports
14:14 15:14 48:5
211:19 213:10 310:2
repository
210:1
represent
8:17 68:13 98:13 173:3
176:15,22 191:15
representation
175:13 176:2
representations
166:13 168:2
representative
152:18,24 317:8
319:10,14
represented
37:12 114:14 309:14
319:13
representing
8:12 9:1,21
represents
131:23 175:14
reproduced
169:19 245:24
reproduction
169:25
request
104:23 105:4 175:9

requested
299:16 329:20,22
requests
104:22
require
206:6,24 244:22
required
39:11,16 171:12
198:18 207:5 218:14
256:6,9
requirement
148:18 157:18 163:4
requirements
109:8 155:16 164:15
164:18 169:14 182:6
325:11
requires
77:21
requiring
274:23
reread
13:7 242:13
rereading
195:13
research
1:4 8:6 23:3,8,9,11,13
23:15 24:20 26:1
184:18 209:25 213:20
235:17
reservation
252:3
reserve
251:21
resource
260:22
resources
39:11 125:25
respect
118:2 135:16 158:20
207:14 240:9 248:2
254:23
respective
246:9
respond
234:23 235:7
responding
104:21

responses
10:11
responsibilities
20:12 22:15,17 23:1
24:20 26:20 34:14,17
34:21,24 35:2,17,24
36:3,9,10 47:15,16,24
48:3,12,20 79:13,16
79:23 80:19,25 81:10
81:23
responsible
48:7 80:1 81:16,20
104:21 135:15,25
rest
149:8 199:9 243:17
263:25 283:3 321:14
322:8 325:25
restate
107:18
Restricted
246:17
restriction
325:7
restrictions
327:19 328:2,9
restricts
159:19
result
76:1 102:7 167:5
310:21
resulting
278:1 285:21
results
172:2 312:18 317:22
318:19
resume
19:20 21:6,8,20 28:9
32:25 34:9 52:23
53:2 74:13,15 78:23
124:3
retained
16:3 249:24
Retaining
48:6
retains
230:20
retrieval

26:6 246:3
revealing
227:21
reversing
123:13 271:17
review
14:12 42:4 143:14
223:15 228:3,25
237:8 241:7,14
242:23 246:7 283:7
283:12,21 284:11
289:21 290:5 291:4
294:3,17 295:5,19
305:20 311:25 312:3
322:6 323:18 325:4
326:18
reviewed
15:19 178:8 222:16
223:9,10 249:11
320:7 323:19 325:23
reviewing
14:11,18 16:11 319:21
reworks
198:20
re-mark
131:2 303:20
rhythm
15:11
rich
116:7
right
10:18 11:2 12:24 13:23
14:1,6 16:3 18:21,24
21:21,25 22:1 23:7
33:9,17 42:12 44:15
44:24 47:14 53:1
60:14 65:10 69:12
70:5 75:2 83:6 92:1
94:3 97:15 103:1,18
104:13 117:9 119:1
121:3 122:2 124:18
129:14,24 130:19
131:3,3,25 134:9,18
135:2 139:6 141:17
143:2 144:21 150:4
151:8,19 152:3 159:7
164:13 166:21 170:12

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

369
170:14 176:5,17,21
177:4,17 178:21
179:11,21 183:9,9
186:15 187:7 188:6
192:10,22,23 193:19
199:14 202:5 203:2
206:23 221:22 222:14
228:18 230:1,16
233:11 235:4,20
238:11 242:20 243:5
243:17,22 244:10
245:21 250:7,22
251:21 257:10,22
258:18 261:25 262:15
262:19 264:6 270:2
275:11,11 276:7
282:19 286:14 287:17
288:4 295:16 297:14
298:3 304:7 305:2,18
307:9,9,22 312:11,13
314:10 315:5,6,16
319:13,19 328:19
rights
67:2 73:25 108:14,17
133:8 159:15 168:2
172:16,16,21 186:24
187:9 226:2 245:9
248:3 326:12,21
right-hand
144:19 233:13 234:21
238:16 240:23
risk
226:13 227:25 241:4
risks
29:18
Road
9:12
Robert
9:11
rocket
18:16,25 19:4 20:5,15
20:19 22:7,21,24
rocket's
22:22
role
34:22,25 35:3 36:4
80:1 81:21 210:13

236:22
roles
47:15
rolled
222:6
Roman
37:17
rough
40:5
roughly
165:10 184:8
route
46:12 106:21 107:9,12
107:20,21 108:7
187:5
routed
45:18
routes
64:1
routing
45:9 46:14
royalties
72:23 73:18
royalty
73:14 74:1 159:25
RPR-RMR-CRR-C...
1:25 2:7 329:25
RTF
116:3,7
rubrics
129:17
rudeness
218:18
rule
13:4 111:13 221:15
227:9 256:17,24
rules
10:3 158:18,21 221:16
227:10 256:6
run
111:15
running
58:18 139:25
runs
82:12 264:15
S

8:2
safeguard
241:3
safeguards
106:1
sake
243:2
sale
35:10 40:11,21 53:25
54:3 55:13,15 65:7,12
66:20,21 67:3,11 68:7
72:9 76:2,22 77:2
297:12,21,24 298:4
sales
34:5 35:12 53:23
salesperson
35:9
Sammy
279:22
San
3:21
Santa
20:8,8
satisfied
102:6
satisfying
105:8
save
105:16 183:20
saw
126:15 292:6 320:6
321:21 327:21
saying
10:9 138:10 156:7
171:17 212:10 216:3
223:14 282:19
says
120:12 126:20 145:8
145:17 146:4,11,22
148:2,25 150:13
153:1 154:12 156:11
160:21 162:24 164:13
168:8 169:9 174:5
180:10 181:1,17
183:3,12 186:8,19
188:2 192:13,25
193:5 194:14 196:24

197:22 198:22 199:22
200:19 201:9 202:5
219:10 222:1 229:23
230:18 231:11,15
232:7 233:14 234:22
235:6 238:8,17,19
239:15 240:24 244:10
245:21 249:18 256:24
272:18 274:3 292:25
296:16
scale
138:3,3
scan
56:8 99:8 105:6,6,17
116:10 117:11 126:18
126:22 218:10 220:3
220:21 221:2,2,4
310:21,24 312:22
Scanjet
56:5,15
scanned
30:12 99:6 114:20
115:13 126:3 133:13
213:14 220:20 231:1
231:3 267:19 311:21
312:18
scanner
56:5,12,15,15,16 57:3
57:13 58:25 67:22
113:21 188:11
scanning
30:8 45:9 113:4 115:21
125:16 127:7 193:7
195:20 210:1 213:11
213:15 217:15 218:13
220:2 221:3 309:23
scans
116:16
scars
44:25
school
19:7,8,10,13 29:15
135:18 136:12 137:18
schools
162:3
Schuster
100:8

S
CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

370
science
16:16 17:10 28:22 29:3
247:14,16 248:12
scientific
55:9,16 65:7 67:10
71:11 72:10 76:2,14
132:10 270:20
scope
80:15 184:16
Scratch
228:14
scream
23:22
screen
56:7 88:8,8,10 143:15
161:16 173:24 175:14
176:23 264:11,13,14
264:17,21,24 265:3
266:18 268:15,17
269:19,21 270:1,6,8
270:10,19 271:5,6,8
271:10,15,21 272:1,5
272:20,21 275:13,15
275:22,23 276:3
285:24 291:8,18
293:2,7,8,21 295:22
316:8,14,15,17,19
screeners
271:14
Screenshots
5:12
Scrolling
225:3
se
118:7
seal
180:21
search
119:6,6 120:5,7,9,14
121:4,19 230:23
232:15,16,23 259:18
277:6 279:2 289:24
294:5 295:25 296:18
308:11 317:21 318:5
318:13 324:13
searchable
30:20 31:14,25

searched
31:5 171:18 253:5
296:16 299:22 300:10
searches
121:5,20 232:12 273:2
279:11 298:11 315:4
315:9 316:1,20
Sebastian
3:19 8:22 248:15
second
7:4 69:7,9 77:4 120:16
124:16 149:9 155:8
158:6 175:18 181:16
181:17 183:2,12
189:8 222:4 237:23
238:17,20 251:19
262:20 266:5 272:18
274:15 294:22 321:8
secondary
132:17
seconds
41:20
section
120:13,14,16 148:4
155:25 158:14 163:24
210:9 321:20
sector
186:22
secure
133:25 166:8 183:17
234:1,15
secured
134:10
security
221:11 223:25 227:3
228:4 235:9,11,21
241:1,14
see
23:24 78:21 109:16
124:10 144:18 146:14
156:16 166:24 174:8
174:12 179:16 188:4
192:13 223:14 235:18
244:15 245:19 246:11
250:5 256:19 272:16
277:12 278:20,21
280:24 285:20 290:1

290:1,12 311:22
312:23 313:24 314:18
318:15,18 321:22
seeing
255:13 274:8 314:7
seeking
128:16,18
seen
12:17 14:8 136:14
212:10 314:6
sees
174:14
segment
130:23 165:8
segments
131:8 132:9,11
seizure
280:22,25
select
176:4 314:25
selected
312:10,25
selections
93:2
sell
46:10,11 49:19 55:6,8
selling
39:3
semiconductor
28:23
semiconductors
24:6
semiconductor-based
29:8
send
105:13 292:25
Sendero
73:8,10,19
sending
267:13,14
senior
57:20
sense
92:24 102:13 103:9
266:25 267:6 310:3
sensible
270:15

sent
254:24 255:1 267:23
267:24
sentence
151:2,6 154:22,24,25
155:8,21 159:5 168:7
181:17 183:12 189:8
200:19 223:5,8 235:4
248:6,14 251:19
266:5 272:18 275:1
286:4 307:11
separate
62:13 94:16 95:24 96:1
96:23 97:4 102:18,18
139:25 142:5 269:21
303:20 316:17
September
1:16 2:3 8:1,10 161:13
161:14
series
34:1 39:8 76:6 78:4
117:20 119:2 142:15
325:17
serifs
37:16
Serotek
271:2
serve
135:19 158:22 296:17
servers
133:23 166:4
serves
179:2
service
45:24 49:11,20 52:18
54:2 96:18 161:3
164:25 165:22 166:4
166:13 169:3 239:16
289:20 290:6 294:1
295:8,22 312:9
services
34:3,6,7 45:24 46:6,11
46:25 47:4 49:20
53:21,24 76:22,23,24
104:20,25 105:3,10
110:24 111:7 133:17
137:25 156:19 157:13

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

371
157:24 158:15 181:23
serving
156:21
SESSION
4:5 143:8
set
37:10 80:7,9,12 87:24
158:7,18 184:10
280:17 329:18
sets
46:17
setup
110:1,6 160:24
seven
69:4 185:14
seven-point
133:8 168:2 172:21
226:2
severe
86:8 159:23 258:9
SFWA
247:14,20 248:10
share
132:23
shared
206:2
sheet
56:16 321:7
short
207:20 277:20
shorthand
2:7 283:3,14 329:3
shot
161:17 173:24 175:14
shots
143:15 161:23 176:23
show
68:11 69:17 97:17
98:10 180:2 190:18
278:16
showed
62:10
showing
97:21 98:5 124:25
297:24
shown
179:5 255:12

sic
222:22
side-by-side
311:11
sighted
100:16 106:2 167:20
198:19,24 199:15
200:2 221:12 270:16
274:6
sign
101:15 105:10 135:7
135:17,19 148:4,9,13
148:18,22 156:7
163:2 174:6
signal
28:6
signals
27:21,24 29:11
signature
214:3,6,10,12
signed
248:9
significant
153:8 158:23 165:16
197:11 218:17 291:3
294:14
significantly
151:15,24
signing
101:18 135:15 329:20
329:21,22
sign-up
101:17,24 103:2 148:1
148:19 173:20,25
324:21
silicon
23:23 24:3 145:11
similar
37:13 48:1 51:23 58:14
60:15 111:25 141:21
259:7,9 274:6 276:22
similarly
326:14
Simon
100:8
simple
29:23

simply
61:10 159:17 166:16
166:22 231:11
simulation
29:3
simultaneously
17:1
single
68:20 138:4
sir
9:9 15:25
sit
29:1 71:18 279:7 280:5
303:10
site
84:2 87:25 89:10 92:21
92:23 94:22 95:18,20
125:19 126:7 128:23
130:7 134:19 135:9
137:19,21 139:20
140:2 141:2 143:16
143:17,18,19 144:22
146:17 148:11,15
161:11 164:5 167:10
167:19 171:4,14,19
173:13 174:11,19
175:6,15,16 176:4,23
179:1 222:20 223:2
223:11,16,19 224:1
228:4 250:3 252:12
252:19 253:8,8,11,14
253:19,20,21 297:24
307:18 308:1,12,23
309:17 317:11,15
318:7,15,17,24
319:17,24,24 320:1
320:16,17 322:8
323:20,25 324:1,9,15
324:23 325:5,13,24
326:16,19,19,20,23
327:3,13,14,22 328:5
328:11
sites
253:4,6,25 294:6
295:23 299:8,9,10
301:2 302:7
site's

95:22
six
27:25 99:18 219:12
sixth
71:5
size
39:13 301:8
[e-mail]...
3:23
skills
274:19
skim
121:19
skimming
121:8,9
skip
159:9 198:13
skipping
149:8 197:21 232:6
slate
267:2 268:9
slipped
323:6
small
110:5 302:2,5
smartphone
141:6,10,22 142:10
264:16
Snagit
161:21,22,22 175:14
176:22
Snavely
235:13
snippets
230:24
social
5:20 75:23 82:13,15
159:12 180:11 186:4
186:22 189:20,25
software
29:3 35:5 38:5 39:16
56:6 57:6,12 58:8,16
58:18,21 59:8,23
60:17,23 61:15 62:4
63:9 64:24 78:4
83:24 84:20 87:14
88:22 92:13 98:23

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

372
108:13 142:9 161:25
187:21,24 200:4
239:24 268:16 269:21
284:1,8,12,17 285:1,5
289:3 290:8 291:5,13
291:18 293:18 295:6
295:21 312:9 315:3,7
315:18,25 316:8,14
316:20
software-hardware
38:22
software-only
59:1
sold
41:7 53:19 58:24 67:9
68:7 70:14 76:14
77:1 291:25
solely
30:24 234:2
solution
49:19,22 184:12
solutions
185:25 186:23 187:1
solve
50:11 263:20,21
somebody
90:5 96:7 261:24 262:1
someone's
114:9
something's
69:4
Soon
326:2
sorry
15:8 18:19 26:14 39:1
43:15 48:16 59:12
76:17 78:7 103:22
107:14,17 115:10
119:24 132:15 187:14
194:3 220:11 222:11
222:12 225:15,22
228:14 243:9 251:14
256:13 296:8 300:20
307:1 318:15 323:1
sort
23:24 50:11 73:25
138:24

sorting
50:8
sought
56:22 57:3
sound
24:1
sounds
27:23 132:16 257:21
258:16
source
30:24 31:17 96:9,10,12
136:22 213:5,10
271:8 287:5
sources
213:13
so-and-so
45:14
space
26:11 28:8
Spacel
26:5,11
spans
191:18 247:9 264:8
307:12
speak
14:1,24 15:2 200:8
272:6
speaking
300:15
speaks
63:22 64:17,25 66:4
226:23
special
112:4,9 156:22 157:11
157:15,18,25 279:20
specialized
56:6 109:17 169:21
170:2,7 181:23
specialty
202:21
specific
91:14 209:11 277:6
specifically
60:17 302:1 321:11
specifications
280:17
specifics

108:19
specified
81:8 158:11
specify
280:10
spectrum
32:13 285:12
speculation
102:11 103:14 106:15
131:19 139:11 188:19
213:8,17 245:6
283:17 325:1
speech
41:11 194:19 196:10
198:1 200:10 204:2
264:18,20 270:3,7
272:3,6 292:21,24
293:4,20
speed
98:12
spell
26:9 73:10
spelling
18:21
spend
264:3
spent
20:20
spoken
13:20 239:25 293:4
spot
115:2 290:17,18,20,24
spotted
290:25
spotting
121:8
spot-checking
51:14,25
spreadsheet
4:14,19 5:8 293:11
Squared
271:4
squat
37:15
staff
213:3 224:8 234:8,10
stage

47:21
stakeholders
131:23 169:5
stamina
154:2
stand
217:21
standard
48:1 56:3 80:2 85:20
85:22 150:16,23
151:12 153:6 155:14
160:5 175:7 188:13
205:1,2,2,5 206:3
207:8 249:22 261:7
266:7 272:22,25
273:4,12 274:23
280:10 284:19,22
standards
46:14 158:7 252:20,24
253:3,10,19,25
259:25 260:4 261:1,2
264:24 265:6,12,18
265:24 266:21 267:9
268:3 283:9,21
284:15,23 296:19
297:21,24 298:4,12
298:20 299:5 300:24
301:13,16 302:18,20
303:11 305:23 306:6
306:10 307:17 308:3
308:13,22 309:8,12
309:16,22 310:10,14
310:19 311:8 312:7
312:15 313:1 315:1,8
315:19 316:9 317:5
317:10,16 318:6,23
319:11,15 320:16,18
320:23 321:8,12
322:9 324:7,14 325:5
325:13 326:22 327:14
327:21 328:4,11
stands
116:7,21 247:14
stand-alone
82:16 291:25 292:10
Stanford
18:1 24:12

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

373
start
17:23 20:15 25:13,14
28:15 174:2
started
10:2 28:16,18 29:6
54:10 74:19 76:1
99:14 148:3 295:14
starting
24:11 28:25 33:1 80:21
233:12 240:21 244:7
260:20
starts
189:5 202:3 244:2
272:14
state
2:8 8:17 9:9 123:19
190:8 220:15 240:16
329:3
stated
232:3
statement
60:5 85:3 153:10 154:5
154:17 164:9 220:1,6
226:20 227:24 234:13
256:22 257:21 258:16
302:8 315:13
statements
176:10
states
1:1 5:3 110:9,20
158:14 163:23 170:25
233:7 302:17
stating
155:1 298:16
statistics
204:22
status
53:8
statute
109:23 128:8
statutory
81:23 109:20
stays
31:5 160:3
step
117:16,18 273:24
steps

202:18 203:7,9 292:19
Steve
3:25 8:12
stipulate
144:1 175:10 176:3,14
stipulated
176:7
stipulation
161:8 176:9
stock
40:17,25
stop
223:10 235:1,1 293:4
stopped
79:19 318:20
storage
166:3 246:3
Store
94:8
stored
133:13
straight
124:14 125:5
straightening
202:20
strategy
47:18 190:13
stream
292:25
Street
2:5 3:5,13,20 8:14
stretch
91:2
strict
181:6
Strider
62:22 63:3,9,15 64:2
65:24 70:15,17
structural
277:1
structure
119:24 120:11 121:18
133:9 207:11 293:5,6
structured
75:4 102:13 120:6,10
structures
75:14

stuck
321:18
student
26:1 27:11 93:7 104:18
104:20,24,25 105:3,7
105:8,9 126:24
137:20 162:12
students
99:6 104:22 132:22,24
135:19 156:18,22
157:17,23,25 160:22
213:2 218:15 222:23
223:23 224:9 233:25
234:2,9 260:6,23
301:24
student's
157:15
studied
212:21
studies
16:22,25 17:23
study
185:18 256:23
stuff
126:11
stunned
73:17
stylized
321:7
stylus
267:3 268:10
subject
63:16 70:19 151:5
167:10,19 175:12
176:1
subjected
312:25
submit
211:4,19,21 212:12
submitted
214:22 215:5 242:12
subpoena
4:10 12:17 14:9 256:5
subscribe
111:18
subscriber
95:18

subscription
94:25 95:3,18,20,24
162:12
subset
281:15,18 286:21
subsidiary
76:20
substance
227:21
substituting
56:14
sue
190:3
suggestion
79:20
Suite
3:5
sum
15:18
summarize
121:16 153:10 154:6
154:18
summarized
248:13
summarizing
171:25 248:11 296:20
296:22
summary
6:6,14 182:6 211:23
212:6,13 220:9
228:21 237:7 240:16
summer
24:10,10,13,13,15,17
27:3,11
summers
25:4,6,7
SuperNova
270:24
supervisor
81:25
supplement
215:13 251:22
supplemental
6:9 214:1 224:17
325:19 326:10
supplied
112:17 163:9

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

374
supplying
112:22
support
6:5,11 54:2 147:6
164:19 169:4 212:13
247:25
supported
168:14
supporting
109:25
supposed
114:8
sure
25:24 31:10,19 42:12
67:15,17 77:4 79:6
104:1,16 107:19
114:20 124:5 142:5
147:8 220:17 223:20
242:24 247:13 257:24
274:2 290:25 294:15
294:25 309:24 323:9
surprising
165:14
surviving
41:14
sustained
237:5
swear
9:2 114:12
swims
44:22
switching
237:16
sworn
2:11 9:5 329:5
symbols
37:11
synthesized
200:8 292:21,24
293:20
synthesizer
56:7 188:10
synthetic
194:18 196:9 202:8
system
22:23,24 25:13 26:6
31:18 59:2 136:6,18

183:18 188:21 205:14
230:22 234:1,9,15
236:2,5 246:4 268:15
271:2 276:4 278:18
systems
4:17 22:21,21 33:2,5
33:10,18 34:4,19
37:25 38:9 40:2,3
42:17 43:4,25 53:10
200:20 224:8 264:25
275:16,24
S-E-N-D-E-R-O
73:11
S-T-R-I-D-E-R
62:22
T
table
120:8,15
tablet
141:18 142:9
tactile
147:11,12,15,18
197:25 207:12 269:16
270:13,14,15
tagged
116:22
tail
44:15,16,17,20
tails
44:14,25
take
10:22 42:14 43:19 47:7
64:9 69:18 90:25
113:20 117:9 139:17
142:25 143:13 171:19
207:20 208:8 242:9
248:17 282:8 314:2
327:4
takedown
308:7 318:17 324:7
taken
20:25 43:13 91:6
135:22 143:5 185:5
208:11 248:24 282:23
327:8
taker
140:16,18 142:12

268:8
takes
106:3 269:15
talk
24:6 32:25 50:10
103:24 104:2 142:22
167:1 216:22 217:7
218:20 251:12 326:11
talked
77:16 166:2 189:2
190:4 258:5
talking
15:22 54:7 62:24 94:1
117:25 129:5 138:6
141:25 142:4,5,12,13
160:17 168:16 190:6
195:19 198:16 202:24
284:22 306:24 314:5
talks
202:18,19 305:8
tall
37:15
tan
245:18,18
tape
8:4 90:19,23 91:5,7
185:2,8 249:3
target
82:13,15
targeted
49:9
task
23:22 119:12 120:19
277:25 278:2
tasks
118:7,11 119:20,25
121:10,15 192:2,8
193:20 194:1,11
274:16,20 275:18
276:22
taught
29:15
teacher
119:5 135:18 136:12
teachers
93:6
team

80:14 217:24
team's
80:16
tech
35:9,11
technical
35:4 50:11 81:18
132:15 155:15 245:9
technically
55:23
technique
24:2 199:1
techniques
197:24 198:6,10
technological
283:23
technologies
62:11 67:9 168:25
200:11 239:24 259:7
275:6
technology
4:21 5:20,23 16:14
17:6 28:19,20 29:8
35:8,12 36:15 43:5
44:1 47:19 49:1,5,18
49:24,25 50:6,7 51:9
51:20 52:5,14 54:11
54:17 58:17 59:3
61:9,16,23 62:2,5,14
70:11,18 72:4 74:22
75:10,23 76:16 82:24
83:14,21,25 84:2
87:24 88:3,6 98:20,24
123:19 139:14,17,25
140:1 141:13 142:13
144:2 145:12 147:6
185:25 186:23 187:1
190:21 191:11 196:15
197:12 198:3 199:9
199:23 203:7,10
206:6,17,24 207:6
264:9 265:19,25
266:15 267:2 269:7
269:10,12,20 270:19
271:10,22 272:5
273:15,19,21 274:12
274:19 275:2,4,13

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

375
276:8 279:20 283:25
287:10,20 288:20
289:13,16
telemetry
22:21
Telephone
3:7,15,22
television
265:19 269:7 276:8
tell
75:6 101:23 136:25
144:10 215:8 224:19
237:17 293:9 301:15
302:19,25
telling
266:15
ten
241:23 277:18
tend
163:14
tends
114:14 137:16
tens
302:22
term
36:18 50:3 70:10 73:24
79:19 92:10 109:22
117:22 118:6,21
119:1 132:16 177:1,2
232:18,25 233:1
269:8 273:17 283:11
284:21 285:19 286:4
terms
29:23 50:9 73:12 172:1
174:11,18,25 175:5
232:17 268:13 277:6
285:15 286:10,12
326:20
territory
196:5
test
46:16 280:24 298:25
tested
20:19 83:15 274:17
testified
9:6 12:6 138:13 250:17
257:2

testify
4:10 11:11 14:3,13,21
14:23 15:3,19 211:15
211:17
testifying
12:22,25 14:7 249:11
testimony
10:5 16:1 59:4,11
74:10 86:18 93:23
95:15 104:9 106:16
108:1 113:2 117:14
121:23 129:19 165:10
166:10 173:15 236:9
256:24 261:12 277:4
281:6 283:4 329:6
testing
83:18,19 252:21
280:18 281:4 301:24
305:24
tests
19:14,18 114:8 260:5,8
322:13
text
30:14 31:14,19,25
106:2 107:8,13,22
116:7 123:14,15
124:3,14 125:5
137:15 151:2,4 153:8
157:3 170:8 172:15
192:13,25 193:2,6,10
193:13,16,22,24
194:7,12,17,22 195:5
195:9 197:2 200:9,9
202:13 204:1,6,9,12
207:11 223:22 231:4
233:15 238:24 239:25
240:1 245:17 262:6
263:13 264:18,20
266:6,9,11,18 267:13
267:14,17,17,20,20
267:23,24 269:15
270:2,7,9 272:3,6,6
273:12 284:19 285:19
285:22 286:4,16,16
286:21,22,25 287:1,2
287:2,4,4,7,9,15,17
288:5,11,14,19,19,25

289:5,11 291:10
297:6,15 311:7
312:18,18 315:3,8,19
316:9 317:9,15
319:10 322:2,15
textbook
132:23 137:18
textbooks
105:14 216:23 219:2
texts
30:20 207:25 233:22
textual
112:13,24 113:14
119:15 139:6 245:4
289:4 292:20 293:20
305:14,16,20 317:3
text-to-speech
142:20
thank
18:23 21:9,14 32:6
52:25 69:15 75:19
77:24 79:4 91:19
98:15 105:20 149:21
161:23 174:22 183:10
183:10 191:8 201:25
207:23 211:5 238:10
238:12 243:1,9
257:25 264:4 320:10
323:15 328:14,16
theme
268:21
theorem
147:16
theory
254:24
thereof
2:4
They'd
273:15
thing
92:24 126:13 130:25
138:3 151:9 164:14
211:2 255:12 297:8
297:10 321:18
things
13:12 23:17 28:3 30:5
45:1 47:1 48:7 82:25

92:22 123:16 137:24
162:20 166:12,15
167:3,4 169:2 172:10
184:10 216:6 223:12
248:11 274:11 277:18
278:21 293:9,13
think
15:13 26:8 67:16,18
69:10 83:23,25 117:7
118:6 122:22 124:21
124:23 127:18 132:11
138:3 142:24 161:5
162:8 165:20,20
166:25 170:20 184:21
195:19 196:4 211:3
216:20,24 221:17,17
223:4 234:7,14 238:6
240:15 242:11 247:3
248:17 255:3 256:4
257:2 259:21 263:11
271:6 280:16 289:8
292:23 293:21 294:10
296:3 300:1,15
303:22 304:16,18
321:12
thinking
195:22
third
72:18 94:24 95:2 111:3
111:5 146:4 161:3
189:4 244:2 264:7
274:24 297:10 307:9
third-party
295:23
thought
61:5 78:8,8 218:10
222:11 234:9 289:25
299:17
thousand
23:16 292:16,16
302:23
thousands
285:8 302:22 303:1
three
39:13 75:16 127:19
128:21,25 129:17
183:8 186:21 188:12

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

376
197:23 198:5,9,10
217:1,19 218:5
232:11
thumbing
305:19
TIFF
116:16,21,23 122:4,14
122:18,23 123:7
till
254:22
time
8:11 12:3 20:20 23:14
24:21 33:22 35:5,21
36:4 38:21 39:8
40:18 42:1 43:4,16
45:23 46:7 53:22
54:1,8 59:6 67:19
68:22 69:1 73:4 74:7
75:13 76:7 81:5 89:9
90:25 91:15 103:19
112:16 125:11 130:19
135:2 139:18 183:21
185:3 187:20 215:10
215:21 216:16,24
217:1 223:19 240:3
240:17 248:17 252:11
254:9,15 264:2,3
282:11 286:24 295:12
308:22 309:18 314:2
317:11 318:24 319:17
322:7 328:18
times
37:17 204:16 233:1
300:9
title
5:6 20:10 22:13 24:16
24:18 27:10 43:2
81:6 114:11 148:1
181:15 191:2,5 247:3
302:11 309:6 317:4
titled
191:12 192:20 208:18
titles
68:21 78:19 81:11
162:9
today
8:12,25 11:12 12:19,22

12:25 14:8,13,21,23
15:3 29:1 33:6,8,12
54:25 71:18 76:8
82:24 83:7 89:17
113:7 165:14 184:12
192:1 193:15 197:3
197:15 199:1,11,20
199:23 200:12 205:5
217:9 218:5 219:15
224:19 226:1 249:12
263:12 279:7 304:11
Today's
8:10
told
14:7 24:19 29:13 34:23
35:16 36:12 48:11,18
50:6 210:25 307:15
317:8
tongue
304:19
tool
219:23 278:9,12,24
279:21,25 315:3,7,19
316:8,20
tools
78:4 199:4 278:17
279:3,16 280:2
283:20,24 284:4,6
293:25 294:16 295:4
295:17 296:11
top
22:25 23:23 61:9 68:20
139:25 150:13 156:11
181:1 189:17 201:9
203:13 230:17 233:13
238:16 244:1 247:19
249:17 250:8 268:16
269:22 286:3 289:9
289:19 307:12 309:4
321:13 323:17
topic
250:23
topics
51:24 302:4
total
15:16,18 86:23
totally

257:13,19 258:3 261:9
261:22 275:12
touches
101:14
trace
136:21,25
track
28:7 47:2 86:1
tracks
137:23
trade
75:9 131:9 132:5,10,14
trademark
52:13 56:19 58:4 59:15
63:4 64:18 84:12
87:9 88:16 89:23
90:5,12 91:23 92:3
trademarks
4:15,20,23 5:9 41:6
42:14,15,16,18 52:4
52:10 62:12 98:20
246:9
tradition
131:10
traditional
149:6 197:1,7,8
trained
36:21
training
19:7,8,11,14 181:24
transactions
76:7
transcribed
329:7
transcript
77:9,12 91:13,14
144:18 310:7 329:16
transcription
200:4 329:8
transcripts
320:12
transfer
140:16 141:2
transferred
67:3 79:15
transformation
199:10

transformations
198:14,15,17
transition
58:14
translating
30:4
transmitted
245:24
traumatic
53:17
Treasury
47:2
treating
138:24
tremendous
190:1
trial
12:6 208:19 211:17
212:8 236:16
triangle
147:17
tried
20:15 28:18 137:22
tries
159:12
trigger
280:21
truck
304:15,18
true
32:4 51:3 62:16 69:7
97:24 197:3 201:17
211:9 220:1,19
258:20 296:19 299:20
317:7,7 329:9
TrueScan
38:9,11,16,21 39:4,14
56:4 58:15 188:22
trust
233:9
trustworthy
235:15
truthfully
11:12
try
10:15 15:7 119:7
129:21 147:4 220:12

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

377
trying
20:20 28:14 29:19
115:2 156:2,2 160:12
195:17
TTS
200:10 264:19
Tuesday
1:16 2:2
tune
204:22
turn
25:15 32:24 43:1 54:7
56:3 59:2 71:2,4
108:19 144:24 146:3
147:25 148:24 150:9
153:2,23,25 154:10
155:7 156:10 160:15
162:23 163:16 169:8
172:13 173:18 175:4
180:25 182:24 188:1
188:24 196:13 201:3
201:7,21 202:15
203:12 204:24 219:8
221:25 224:16 226:7
229:6,20 230:16
234:18 238:14 240:19
249:14 257:4 262:19
263:16,18 272:12
304:20 317:2 323:4
turned
30:13 188:13 204:15
317:21
turning
30:9 74:13 86:15
196:24 239:8 263:13
269:17 306:17 309:4
twice
214:22
two
11:18 15:14,16 25:4
43:20,20 47:15 58:22
59:5 61:14 94:1
104:15 115:18 123:18
123:18 124:9 128:24
145:16 159:9 194:11
194:12,21 195:2
197:21 198:13 203:2

203:4 208:5 217:13
218:1 223:11 253:4
284:15 285:15 286:10
286:11 289:9 293:21
302:6 309:1 322:2
326:3,5,7
txt
317:9 319:10,15 320:1
320:17,22,24 322:6
type
20:4 22:1 23:5 33:17
37:17,20,22 44:3 53:6
75:20 86:16,19,22
115:20 116:11 124:2
179:5
typed
30:11
types
53:9,12 152:12 203:14
268:7 319:25
typical
34:16 203:14 271:18
271:21 320:25 321:10
321:16
typically
86:8 137:10 207:9
typing
287:6 288:9
typo
159:3
typography
37:5
T.J
23:2
U
ultimately
71:10 81:20
unable
150:15,22 151:11
159:14 261:5
unauthorized
132:24 136:20 221:12
224:2 226:14 227:25
326:23
unavailability
259:24 261:1
unbinding

329:15
Unbound
58:25 59:8 60:16
uncomfortable
57:21
uncorrected
320:25
undergo
117:1 122:5
undergone
122:19
undergraduate
16:22,25 25:25
underlines
124:17,22
understand
10:5,8,14 29:17 30:16
37:3 50:22 59:4 70:3
75:9,12 97:10 137:17
211:2 234:16 252:24
281:1
understanding
12:2 32:12 40:5 41:13
42:8 72:14 76:3 77:7
90:9 103:12 108:8
109:24 128:2,19
129:2,11 171:11
178:19 206:1 211:12
212:6 213:18 228:19
230:10 231:6,22
233:3,8 234:4 235:20
236:1,19 240:16
245:12 268:13,18,25
269:11,14 309:19
320:20
understood
259:12 282:5
undertaken
241:3
unfair
100:16 106:3
unhappy
39:25
unincorporated
82:18
Unintelligible
117:3 125:21

unit
58:24 217:16 219:1
United
1:1 5:3 110:9,20
158:13 163:23 170:25
302:17
universities
99:6 102:24 104:19,19
105:17 213:20 230:6
231:2,17,18
university
99:2,13 100:14 102:8
102:16,17,19,23
103:5,16,21 104:5,13
105:9,11,12 106:7,18
222:25 224:7 240:4
unprotected
245:11
unsealing
329:15
unsuccessful
20:21
update
46:15 216:4,18 217:5,7
225:17
upgrading
27:15
upheld
228:23
uploaded
126:6 137:18 319:23
320:15
uploading
107:8
upside
114:21
upside-down
115:5
usable
277:20 278:4
use
30:16 36:17 43:6 46:20
50:10 70:11 89:12
97:16 98:3 108:17
118:8 120:24 121:17
125:3 139:13 141:10
161:18,19 163:1,14

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

378
169:22 170:10,23
173:6 177:18 191:22
191:24 193:16 199:1
199:4,10,20,23
200:12,21 205:5,13
206:3,6,24 207:5
210:8 219:14 232:9
232:23 239:16 245:8
250:7 259:6 263:18
266:15,18 268:5
269:9 270:5 271:19
271:21 273:6,17,21
274:9,12 275:5,17,20
275:22,24 276:8
277:1 283:11,13,20
284:12,21 285:4,14
285:19 286:3 287:10
288:5,8 289:20,23
291:5,17 292:7
293:12 294:3 303:22
308:20 315:7,18,25
316:8,19 318:21
319:3
useful
276:4
useless
246:20,22
user
60:22 61:6 95:3,11,13
96:1 134:2,7,11
136:11,22 140:5,8,11
140:21 141:5,10,17
141:24 148:9,13
163:13 174:2,17
224:11 236:5 239:21
274:18,21 293:3
324:22 325:11 327:20
328:3,10
users
62:25 88:7 110:6 114:1
135:3 225:15 230:23
232:16 270:5 275:4
292:6
uses
221:11 270:8,15
usually
35:8 118:7 142:8 172:3

277:23 283:24
utilize
129:21
utilizes
264:20
utmost
181:5
U.S
8:8 47:2 56:18 57:7,13
58:3,9 59:15,24 62:6
63:4,10,16 64:18,25
84:12,21 87:9,15
88:16,23 89:23 90:5
90:12 91:23 92:14
109:8 112:10 127:23
145:19 158:8 160:22
163:25
V
vague
24:22 29:14 30:22
31:16 32:2,9,20 33:25
35:19 38:24 39:5
40:23 48:15,22 51:10
51:21 52:7,15 55:10
55:18 58:5 59:17
60:24 61:19,24 62:8
62:17 63:6,12,18
64:21 65:3,16,21 66:1
66:6,11,16,23 67:5,13
67:23 68:4 70:16,24
71:13 72:12,20,24
73:5,22 75:21 76:5
79:24 80:11 81:4
82:2,7,20 84:14,22
86:18 87:1,5,11,17
88:12,18,25 89:13,19
89:24 90:7,14 92:15
93:3,15,21 94:15,20
95:6,15 96:3,8,20,25
97:6,12,19 98:1 99:4
100:6,20 101:25
102:10 103:7,14
104:9 106:9,15 107:5
107:10 108:1,25
110:3,13,19 111:8,14
111:23 112:6,14
113:2,10,17 114:6,23

115:16,23 116:13
117:2 118:4,23
120:21 122:8,21
123:5,22 124:1
125:13,20 126:8
127:5,15,24 128:4
129:18 130:2,10,16
130:21 131:18 132:19
133:6,14,20 134:5,13
134:21 135:10 136:2
136:8,19 137:5
139:11,22 140:6,14
140:24 141:8,15,20
142:2,17 146:18
150:2 152:6,15
153:13 154:7,20
155:24 156:24 157:5
160:7 162:6,18 163:6
164:10 165:5 166:10
167:24 170:18 171:5
172:25 173:22 174:20
177:7 178:6,16,24
179:7 181:11 182:4
182:12,20 184:2,15
185:17 187:19 188:18
190:10 194:25 195:11
196:3 197:4,17 198:8
199:18 200:15 201:2
201:18 202:10 203:8
203:17 204:3,10
205:9,18,24 206:8,19
207:1,7 208:3,22
209:17 210:5,15
211:25 212:18,25
213:8,17 215:15
218:24 219:16,21
220:23 223:3,17
224:4,12 225:13
226:4,23 227:6 228:5
228:11 230:12 231:8
231:23 232:2 233:5
234:6 235:23 236:8
239:12 240:13 241:9
241:16 242:8 244:19
245:7 248:7 250:12
250:19,25 252:13
253:12,22 254:8,14

254:20 255:20,25
258:4 260:13 261:11
262:7 263:2 265:1,8
265:14,20 266:1,23
267:4,11,22 268:4
270:4 271:13,23
272:9 273:9,23 275:8
276:2,13,20 277:4,16
278:7,15 279:1,8,18
280:7 281:6,13
283:22 284:14 285:6
286:17 287:13,21
288:7,22 289:6,22
290:9,21 291:6,20
292:11,22 294:4
295:1,10 296:2,7,12
296:23 297:4,17,25
298:6,13,22 299:7,24
300:7 301:18 302:24
303:14 308:4,15,24
310:12,25 311:10,15
311:20 312:2,20
313:5,11,17,23
314:12 315:11,21
316:3,11,22 317:18
318:1,10,25 319:5
320:3,19 321:2,23
322:10,20 323:21
324:3,10,16,25 325:8
325:14 326:25 327:16
327:23 328:6,12
vaguely
69:12
validation
126:2,11,16
Valley
145:11
value
169:3
vanilla
76:18
variation
24:17
variations
268:21
varied
40:16,17 193:7

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

379
varies
124:2 125:4
variety
258:6 283:23 312:23
various
165:12
vendors
36:17
venture
186:11
VERA
57:17 58:2,8 66:9 68:3
68:6
verify
247:4
version
6:15 7:3 38:16 59:1
127:7 172:20 237:22
248:4 259:25 273:12
284:19,25 291:12
297:3,5,9,11,15,20
307:16 308:1,2,13,21
309:7,16 310:14
311:9 317:5,9,14,16
318:6,22 319:16
versions
105:13 296:18
versus
6:18 7:6 8:7 208:18
229:9 237:24
vice
20:11 34:11,11,14 35:3
35:17,25 36:11 47:11
47:24 48:13
video
8:4,11,13 207:11
265:13 268:22 269:1
videographer
3:25 8:3,12,25 20:23
21:1 43:11,14,18,22
64:4,14 91:4,7 143:3
143:9 144:6 175:21
175:24 185:1,8 208:9
208:14 248:22 249:2
282:17,21,24 327:6,9
328:21
VIDEOTAPED

1:13 2:1
view
2:5 8:15 123:6 230:24
260:9 269:4 320:23
Viking
26:7
violating
7:11 242:4
violations
108:17
Virginia
3:14
vision
53:13 61:8 86:25
123:17 149:18,23
150:6,15 152:13
153:6,15,18 197:2
261:24 266:17 274:8
275:21
vision-impaired
274:10
visit
161:11
VisuAide
74:11
visual
23:24 78:5 123:16
153:25 200:24 269:24
281:25
visually
5:24 123:7,10 190:21
191:11 196:15 198:3
198:25 258:15,21,24
260:11 270:16 289:3
290:11 293:19 298:20
299:6 303:12 306:11
325:12
vis-a-vis
128:19
Vitae
4:12
voice
56:7 188:10 202:8
264:17
voices
200:8
voice-identify

8:16
void
329:17
voluntarily
105:10
voluntary
112:18,23 114:15
308:7 324:7
Volunteer
113:4
volunteers
113:16
vs
1:7
V-E-R-A
57:17
V-I-S-U-A-I-D-E
74:11

153:16
Washington
3:6
wasn't
24:24 186:9,10 243:12
243:13 261:17 299:10
waste
125:25
Watson
23:3,8,9 24:20
way
36:22 37:17 75:12
86:11 105:16 107:24
117:5 119:19 136:14
150:4 154:25 156:6
157:2 165:22 166:12
166:16,22 167:15
169:4 170:16 196:7
219:19 256:5 261:15
W
264:21 274:5 281:18
wafer
287:14 288:4,10,24
24:3
295:9 298:5 315:17
wafers
329:13
23:23
Wayback
wait
308:11,18 319:3
107:14 194:2 233:17
ways
233:17
36:18 105:2,4 127:19
waived
141:10,21 142:22
255:8 329:21
146:9,16,20 147:22
want
165:1 167:16 208:5
37:11 42:1,4,7 45:17
232:11 287:23 288:8
49:14 64:9 93:20,22
wealthy
100:9 103:24 108:3
110:9,21 161:2
118:20,21 121:1,13
web
138:14 144:25 151:3 83:23 84:2 87:21,25
166:25 176:9 179:14
88:1,7,15,23 89:10
201:3 215:21 217:7
94:13,21,22 95:4,13
220:10,12 243:10
95:18,19,19,22 96:1
247:4,12,25 257:23
119:6 125:18 126:7
258:17 260:24 262:21
128:23 130:7 135:9
269:13 282:8 293:4
137:18 139:20,23
294:15,24 295:12
140:1,2,2 141:1
301:3 302:21 303:19
143:16,17,18,19
305:16
144:22 146:17 161:11
wanted
171:4,14,18,19
31:9 39:25 148:16
173:13 174:11,18
215:17 243:3 286:9
175:6,15,15,16 176:4
wants

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

380
176:4,23 178:13
179:1,5 222:20 223:2
223:11,16,19 224:1
228:4 250:3 252:12
252:19 253:4,6,7,8,10
253:14,19,20,21,25
273:1 280:9 283:25
288:13,14,16 293:10
294:5,5,6 295:23,24
295:25 297:23 299:9
299:10 301:2 302:7
307:18 308:1,12,23
309:17 317:11,14
318:7,24 319:17,24
319:24 320:1,16,17
322:8 323:20,24
324:9,14,23 325:5,13
325:24 326:16,19,19
326:20,23 327:13,14
327:21 328:4,11
website
5:13
web-based
107:4
Welcome
162:25
went
22:24 43:25 102:7
weren't
106:1 125:24 172:10
278:21
West
2:4 3:18 8:14,23 13:24
14:25
Westlaw
6:15 229:12 237:16
Westlaw's
229:15
we'll
10:11 30:16 43:19
135:2
we're
15:22 21:6 41:20,23,24
79:1 90:17,19 94:1
114:13 115:2 155:25
156:2,2 157:25,25
158:1 161:13 166:16

167:25 171:23 179:18 witness
192:19 217:15,17
2:10,12 7:22 9:3,23
218:14 237:16 242:16
13:5,7,20 15:7,10
247:23 248:15 249:4
16:4,12 21:14 24:23
259:3 314:22
26:15 29:15 30:23
we've
31:17 32:3,11,22
33:15 34:1 36:17
34:10 75:14 101:12
38:4,11,14 39:1,7
126:12 142:3,22
40:15,24 42:9 43:16
161:4 165:23 166:13
43:21 44:17 48:16,23
167:4 186:20 196:5
49:8 50:2 51:4,12,23
199:8 268:13 282:7
52:9,17 54:6,19 55:11
whale
55:19 57:19 58:6,14
44:14,15,16,17,20
59:12,18 60:1,15,25
whereof
61:5,20 62:1,9,19,24
329:18
63:7,13,19,24 64:22
white
65:4,17,22 66:2,7,12
123:15,15
66:17,24 67:6,15,25
wholly
68:6 69:9,15 70:10,17
76:20
70:25 71:14,23 72:4
wide
72:14,21 73:1,7,23
37:15 86:10 199:1
74:11,18 75:22 76:6
widely
77:16,25 78:12 79:8
185:25 199:6 206:2
79:25 80:12 81:5
wider
82:3,8,22 84:6,15,24
76:19
85:8 86:19 87:2,6,12
Wilkins
87:18,24 88:13,20
1:25 2:6 9:1 241:5,7
89:2,8,14,20 90:1,9
329:2,24
90:16 92:17 93:4,16
Willie
93:22 94:16,21 95:8
279:22
95:17 96:5,9,21 97:2
Windows
97:8,13,20 98:2 99:5
58:21 59:3
99:17,23 100:7,21
Windows-based
101:2,12 102:1,12
284:9 294:2
103:8,15 104:10
Window-Eyes
106:11,16,25 107:6
270:22 284:6 291:5,7
107:12 108:2,13
291:13,17,25 292:10
109:1 110:5,15,20
292:19 293:18 294:2
111:9,15,24 112:8,16
295:22 315:3,7,18,25
113:4,11,19 114:7,24
wires
115:10,17,24 116:15
28:1,6
117:15 118:5,25
wish
121:25 122:9,22
95:8 302:14
123:6,23 124:2
wishes
125:14,23 126:10
95:11 163:7
127:6,16,25 128:5
withdraw
129:20 130:3,11,17
75:6

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

130:22 131:7,20
132:20 133:7,16,22
134:6,14,24 135:13
136:4,9,20 137:6
138:13,14 139:13,23
140:8,15,25 141:9,21
142:3,19 143:2,24
146:19 147:3 151:5
152:8,17 153:14
154:8,22 155:25
157:7 160:8,12 162:7
162:19 163:7 164:11
165:7 166:11 167:25
168:20 170:20 171:7
173:2,16,24 174:23
177:8,15,20 178:7,18
179:1,9,16,20,24
181:12 182:5,13,21
184:3,16 185:18
187:14,20 188:20
190:12 191:5,25
194:3 195:1,13 196:4
196:21 197:6,19
198:9 199:19 200:17
201:3,19 202:12
203:4,9,18 204:5,11
205:10 206:1,10,20
207:3,8 208:5,24
209:5,18 210:7,16,19
210:22 211:1,5 212:1
212:19 213:1,9,18
214:25 215:16,25
216:12 218:25 219:17
219:22 221:1,17,18
221:20 222:4,8 223:4
223:18 224:6,14
225:14,22 226:5,24
227:7 228:6,13,16
230:14 231:9 232:3
233:7,19 234:7 235:3
235:25 236:10 237:18
239:13 240:15 241:11
241:17 242:9,23,25
243:6,9,22 244:20
245:8 248:9 250:13
250:20 251:1,9,11,15
251:21 252:15 253:13

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

381
253:23 254:3,9,15,21
255:11,21 256:1
258:5 260:14 261:14
262:9 263:7 265:2,9
265:15,21 266:2,24
267:5,12,23 268:5
270:5 271:14,25
272:10 273:11,24
275:9 276:3,14,21
277:5,17 278:8,16
279:2,9,19 280:8
281:7,14 282:13,16
282:19 283:18,23
284:15 285:7 286:11
286:18 287:14,23
288:8,24 289:8,23
290:11 291:7,21
292:4,13,23 294:5
296:3,8,13,25 297:5
297:18 298:1,8,15,23
299:8 300:1,8 301:5,9
301:20 302:25 303:6
303:8,15,18 304:2,5
305:19,22,25 306:25
307:3,6 308:5,17
309:1 310:13 311:2
311:11,16,21 312:3
312:21 313:6,12,18
313:24 314:13 315:13
315:23 316:5,13,24
317:20 318:2 319:1,6
320:5,20 321:3,25
322:12,21 323:22
324:4,11,17 325:2,9
325:15 327:2,24
328:7,13,16,19
329:18
witness's
79:7 128:19
wondering
78:10 248:19
wooden
57:22
word
26:11 30:5,10 31:13,24
116:3 121:8 146:6
204:7,21 266:8

285:21 287:7,18,24
288:5,9,9,13 293:10
294:11 295:25 300:21
321:8,11
words
30:3 114:12 119:16,17
123:21 125:2 240:1
272:1 292:24,25
WordScan
37:25 38:4,17,21 39:4
39:15 58:16,17
work
24:25 25:11,25 35:13
38:21 43:25 69:2
99:8 104:14 126:18
129:12 135:3,13,16
136:13,13,22 137:11
137:25 141:1 147:12
154:2 165:2 167:16
171:18 172:3 183:20
189:24 218:5,7 219:1
231:1,5 241:6,13
248:4 262:17 271:10
272:6 283:14 302:7
311:6
worked
23:19 24:24 25:17,19
26:5,24 27:14 28:11
35:6 44:13 53:3
167:8 230:11 231:7
232:1 233:4 234:5
235:22 240:12
working
9:25 26:20 28:25 29:13
33:2 37:2 83:17
164:20 183:14 261:20
322:22
works
51:15 104:6 105:19
126:21 128:9 136:10
137:14,18 138:4
142:21 148:17 164:7
223:22 226:15 228:1
230:5 231:18 232:8,9
232:18,20 233:9
235:9 238:25 239:22
269:13,20 290:1

world
71:23 92:11
world's
145:2
worry
201:12
worth
299:17
wouldn't
82:22 92:7 125:23
147:17 217:21
Wow
290:1
wrapped
57:22
write
247:5,8
Writers
247:15,17 248:13
writing
155:17 266:22
written
220:18 243:6 246:4
249:20 255:23
wrong
24:5 69:4,10 91:16
193:23 238:5
wrote
35:5 45:14 185:14
191:1 196:18 224:20
247:7
WYNN
60:7,15,22 61:22 62:1
62:16 65:19
W3C
280:9
X
X
329:22
X-COM
245:22 246:19
Y
yeah
15:10 22:25 41:4 52:6
60:10 61:17 121:21
121:25 124:6,12,15

134:24 138:17 151:3
151:5 153:1 155:2
161:20 162:19 203:1
203:6 204:11 218:8
225:14 227:18 244:9
255:7,9 290:2 294:13
305:10
year
22:9,10,10 24:8 79:18
79:20 110:18 165:10
184:8 189:9,24
196:17 279:12 285:2
291:15
years
19:25 24:8 69:4 99:18
165:23 173:9 180:6
185:15 197:8 204:20
216:5 217:2,19 218:6
Yep
235:2
York
208:20
Z
zero
301:6 322:3
zeroed
321:21
ZoomText
271:4,5
$
$1,000
39:17
$10
162:5
$10,000
73:17
$200
306:15
$25
110:8 160:23
$300
162:9
$35
40:12
$40
217:22 218:20 254:24

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

382
255:11
$400
218:21 219:5 306:16
$5
55:14
$5,000
39:15 54:7
$50
41:3 110:18 160:23
$50,000
39:13

10:40
64:5
10:43
64:15
10:45
247:9
100
306:15,16
10068
329:4,25
11
156:10 266:5 317:2
#
319:8,20
#10068
11:17
1:25
91:5
11:31
0
91:9
08210239
118
5:7
214:24 215:2,7
12
1
4:9 160:15 162:15
1
221:8 225:25 246:13
8:4 51:7 91:5 98:18
247:5,9 304:4 317:2
144:21 215:9 225:14
319:20
226:7,7,21 249:15
12th
250:9
3:20
1E
12:10
91:11
43:15
1:08
12:34
143:10
143:4
1:14-CV-00857-TSC...
121
1:7 8:9
158:14 163:24 210:9
1:43
13
175:22,25
162:23 240:20,23
1:53
143
185:3
4:5 5:12
10
15
52:12 155:7 229:11
163:16 168:8 192:12
238:12 242:5 286:3
192:20 196:18 234:18
314:22
234:19
10th
1500
238:7
54:14
10,000
16
114:9
169:8 216:8,12,15,16
10:06
17
43:12
158:13 163:23 171:2
10:12
214:13
43:15,22

1700
3:5
179
5:14
18
172:14,15 326:15
1800
54:14
1800s
197:13
185
5:18
1850
9:12
19
173:18,21
190
5:22
1940
3:13
1960
301:11
1977
27:3
1980
16:17 17:8 18:3 301:11
1981
18:3 20:2 22:11,12
1982
33:11 34:11
1983
20:2
1987
36:1
1988
34:12
1989
33:11 36:1 39:22 47:9
47:12 49:3 53:4
54:22 186:5
1994
40:4
1995
47:9 69:23,24 70:22
1996
127:22
1999

252:19,24 253:3,10,19
253:24 254:3,4
259:25 260:3,25
261:2,6 264:24 265:6
265:12,18,24 266:21
267:9 268:3 283:8,21
284:22 296:19 297:20
297:24 298:4,12,19
299:4 300:24 301:13
301:15 302:18,20
303:11 305:23 306:5
306:10 307:17 308:3
308:13,22 309:7,12
309:15,22 310:10,14
310:19 311:8 312:7
312:14 313:1 315:1,8
315:19 316:9 317:5
317:16 318:6 319:11
319:15 320:15,18,22
322:8 324:7
2
2
91:8 144:24 160:4
180:25 185:2 222:1,4
222:13 225:14,15
244:1,5,6 245:17
256:18 306:7 326:11
2:01
185:10
2:30
208:10
2:38
208:15
20
175:4
200
216:17
2000
53:4 54:23 55:6,8 65:7
74:15,19 78:15,19,21
79:22 80:22
20006
3:6
2001
83:19
2002
83:10,17 108:22

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

383
217:10
2004
47:12
2007
185:23 196:22
2008
185:23 196:16,22
2009
99:20
2011
208:20
2012
125:8 208:21 214:7,13
217:10 221:8 229:11
2013
238:1,9,11 242:5
246:13 247:5,9
2014
78:21 79:16,22 125:8
238:7,12
2015
1:16 2:3 8:1,10 78:25
79:1 80:21 304:4
202
3:7
208
6:3,8
21
4:12
212
312:14 314:19
221
7:24
22314
3:14
227
7:25
229
6:15
23
216:19 217:8
233
70:2,6,22 71:19 72:1,9
72:18 73:3,20 74:8
237
7:3
241

7:9
249
7:13
25
219:9,25 220:6,19
304:24 305:5
2500
54:14
26
13:4 219:25 220:8,19
221:15 227:9 256:6
304:25 305:7
26(a)(2)(B)
256:17
28
69:23 216:22 217:2
28th
69:24 214:7
29
221:8
3
3
98:18 146:3 182:24
185:9 257:5 262:20
264:6 269:18 306:8
326:11
3,000
54:14
3:34
248:23
3:48
249:5
30
77:9 91:13 162:9,10
237:25
30th
238:9
304
7:20
34
7:20 304:3 305:13,20
305:23 321:6,15
35
40:21 41:2
372-9599
3:7

5:33
327:7
4
5:39
7:25 42:20 51:7,18
327:10
98:22 147:25 214:9
5:41
225:25 229:7,21
232:6 246:14 247:6,9 328:23,25
50
247:19 249:3 264:8
272:12 274:15 276:16 4:14,19 40:25 41:15,19
42:16,22 43:2 51:2
4,000
138:4 201:8
54:14
500
4:28
100:7 216:17
282:15
501(c)(3)
4:29
53:8
282:22
51
4:37
4:19 50:14,18 51:19
282:25
52:3
40
52
39:12 147:5
4:22 68:8,12,20
41
53A
4:14
5:3 69:13,18,19 70:7
413-3000
71:20 72:1 73:4,20
3:15
53B
415
5:5 69:14,18 71:3
3:22
54
445
5:8 98:8,11,18,22
6:20 229:10
55
4780
5:12 143:6,13,21 144:1
9:18
144:21,25 146:3
48
147:25 148:24 150:9
4:9 12:10,12,16,18
152:11 153:2,23
14:9
154:10 155:7 156:10
49
160:15 162:23 163:16
4:12 21:11,12 34:10
168:8 169:8 171:2
52:23 53:2 74:14
172:14 173:21 175:5
78:23 124:5
176:18,21 177:5
5
178:3,8,14,22 179:6
194:9,22 325:23
5
326:8,15
42:20 120:2,3,3 148:24
555
217:8 230:16 233:11
3:20 192:18 194:22
247:10,19 283:6
195:25
289:19 295:24 296:15
306:18,25 307:10,12 556
196:13,24
5,000
557
54:10,14
201:7,8
5,470,233
558
5:4 70:1
4

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM

Confidential Videotaped Deposition of James R. Fruchterman
Conducted on September 8, 2015

384
201:9,22
56
5:14 179:22 180:3,10
181:1 182:25
560
202:16,17
562
203:13
565
204:25
57
5:18 185:6,13,16 188:2
188:25
58
5:22 190:15,19,25
191:15 192:12 193:25
194:9,22 195:9,25
196:13 201:7 202:16
204:25
59
6:3 208:12 213:23
214:3,17 215:10
217:8 219:10 221:10
222:1,12 304:10,22
306:4
6
6
150:9 152:11 162:5
219:9 259:23 296:15
304:24 306:18,25
307:10,13
60
6:8 208:13 213:23
214:9,12 224:17
226:1,8 227:4 325:19
326:8,11
600
114:8
61
6:15 229:3,7 230:17
234:18 236:13
62
7:3 237:11,21 238:15
240:20,23
63
7:9 241:19,23 242:20
246:16 247:6,10

64
7:13 248:25 249:8
251:5 252:7 257:7
306:20 309:5 311:7
314:23 319:20 323:5
66
106:21 107:9,12,20,21
108:8 187:5
68
4:22
69
5:3,5

81
20:1 24:9,14
825
3:5
83
20:1
86
188:1
87
7:8 237:25
875-2477
3:22

7
7
153:2 214:4 215:9
238:14,16 304:24
323:4,16
7.1
120:13,14,14,15,16,17
700
191:18
703
3:15
755
7:8 237:24
77
25:23
78
25:7
79
25:8,23

9
9
4:4 52:3,12 154:10
222:2,14 309:4
310:18
9:21
2:4 8:1,11
9:34
20:24
9:37
21:2
90
111:16
90s
40:10
902
6:19 229:10
94104
3:21
95
8
113:12 121:12 188:25
8
262:10
1:16 2:3 7:24 8:1 51:18 97
52:3 153:23 285:18
155:1
8th
98
8:10
5:8 154:13
8:06
99
246:14 247:5
317:10 318:23
80
24:9,13,15 214:23
215:6
80s
29:19
801
2:4 8:14

CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
PLANET DEPOS | 888.433.3767 | WWW.PLANETDEPOS.COM