Core Wireless Licensing S.a.r.l. v. Apple, Inc.

Filing 1

COMPLAINT against Apple, Inc. ( Filing fee $ 350 receipt number 0540-3468392.), filed by Core Wireless Licensing S.a.r.l.. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Exhibit 1 - United States Patent No. 6,792,277, # 3 Exhibit 2 - United States Patent No. 7,606,910, # 4 Exhibit 3 - United States Patent No. 6,697,347, # 5 Exhibit 4 - United States Patent No. 7,447,181, # 6 Exhibit 5 - United States Patent No. 6,788,959, # 7 Exhibit 6 - United States Patent No. 7,529,271, # 8 Exhibit 7 - United States Patent No. 6,266,321, # 9 Exhibit 8 - United States Patent No. 6,978,143, # 10 Exhibit 9 - Nokias June 14, 2011 press release)(Hill, Jack)

EXHIBIT 2

111111

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
US007606910B2

(54)

United States Patent

(10)

Bajko

(12)

(45)

METHOD FOR INDICATING A UE THAT IT
MUST REGISTER

(75)

Inventor:

(73)

Notice:

6,715,082 Bl *

3/2004

Chang et al. ................ 713/201

6,754,482 Bl *

6/2004

Torabi ........................ 455/410

112002 Katsukawa et aI. ......... 7091229

200210010785 Al *

Assignee: Nokia Corporation, Espoo (FI)

( *)

Patent No.:
US 7,606,910 B2
Date of Patent:
Oct. 20, 2009

Gabor Bajko, Budapest (HU)

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS

Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.c. 154(b) by 0 days.

EP
EP
JP

(21)

Appl. No.:

10/477,136

(22)

PCTFiled:
PCTNo.:

Dec. 9, 2003

2000-349903

PCT/EPOll05272

§ 371 (c)(1),
(2), (4) Date:

1112000
1212000

May 9, 2001

(86)

1051054 A2

1051054 A2 * 1112000

(87)

(Continued)
OTHER PUBLICATIONS
M. Handley, et aI., RFC2543, SIP: Session Initiation Protocol, Mar.
1999, IETF, Section 5 on p. 36, Section 7.4.4 on p. 78.*

PCT Pub. No.: W002/091780

(Continued)

PCT Pub. Date: Nov. 14, 2002
(65)

US 2004/0199641 Al
(51)

(52)
(58)

Primary Examiner-William C Vaughn, Jr.
Assistant Examiner-Peling A Shaw
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris,
Glovsky, and Popeo, P.c.

Prior Publication Data
Oct. 7, 2004

Int. Cl.
G06F 15116
(2006.01)
H04W 4100
(2006.01)
U.S. Cl. ..................... 7091227; 709/230; 455/435.1
Field of Classification Search ......... 709/227-235,
709/218; 455/435.1
See application file for complete search history.

(56)

(57)

A method controls a network, wherein the networks offer
services to registered users. The method includes the steps of
receiving a service request from network device of a user,
checking whether the user is registered or not, and if the user
is not registered, generating a response message including a
warn information and sending the response message to the
network device of the user. The method can be performed on
a corresponding network device. In this way, a user is
informed that he has to register before he can obtain any
services from the network.

References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
5,241,594
5,889,944
5,935,251
6,317,783
6,363,424
6,480,583

A * 811993 Kung ......................... 713/151
A
311999 Butt et al.
A * 811999 Moore ......................... 726/18
Bl* 1112001 Frei shtat et al. ............. 7091218
Bl* 3/2002 Douglas et aI . ............. 7091224
Bl* 1112002 Kim ........................ 379193.17

I

UE

I

I

ABSTRACT

19 Claims, 2 Drawing Sheets

P-CSCF

I

l

S-CSCF

81: SIP INVITE
82: SIP INVITE
83: SIP 403 Forbidden message
containing Warning header with
warn-text and warn-code include(
84: SIP 403 Forbidden message
containing Warning header with
warn-text and warn-code include
85: SIP REGISTER
-'-

--

- '-

I

US 7,606,910 B2
Page 2
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
JP
RU
WO
WO

wo
wo

2001-5783
2 158956
WO 99/52304
WO 9952304
WO 01120846
WO 01131472

Cl

112001
1112000
10/1999

Al * 10/1999
A2
3/2001
5/2001
Al

OTHER PUBLICATIONS
3GPP TSG SA#II, 3GPP TS 23.228 V5.0.0, Apr. 2001, 3GPP, section 5.2.1 item 4,5.2.2.3,5.2.2.4 and item 5.*
Russian language version of Decision on Grant Patent for Invention
dated Apr. 27, 2006, with English language translation.
Pang et aI., "Implicit Deregistration with Forced Registration for PCS
Mobility Management" Wireless Networks: vol. 7, Issue 1, pp.
99-104, Jan. 2001.

Shigeki Yamada et aI., "Environmental Adaptive Personal Communication (EAPEC) Architecture for Ubiquitous Computing Networks", Techinical Report ofIEICE, vol. 100, No. 670, p. 367 to p.
374, SSE2000-286, The Institute of Electronics, Information and
Communication Engineers (CSDB: Domestic Institute Paper
200300086045).
J. Myers et aI., "Post Office Protocol-Version 3", RFCI725 (Network Working Group Request for Comments: 1725), (Network
Working Group Request for Comments: 1725), Nov. 1994, IETF.
"EN 300 940 V6.3.1 (Aug. 1999) Digital Cellular Telecommunications System (Phase 2+); Mobile Radio Interface Layer 3 Specification (GSM 04.08 Version6.3.1 Release 1997", Aug. 1999, ETSI, pp.
118-132.

* cited by examiner

u.s. Patent

Oct. 20, 2009

Sheet 1 of2

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US 7,606,910 B2

Sheet 2 of2

Oct. 20, 2009

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P-CSCF

A 1: SIP INVITE
A2: SIP 403 Forbidden message containing Warning
header with warn-text and warn-code included
A3: SIP REGISTER

-

- -

'--

FIG.2

I

UE

I

I

P-CSCF

I

I

S-CSCF

81: SIP INVITE
82: SIP INVITE
83: SIP 403 Forbidden message
containing Warning header with
warn-text and warn-code includec
84: SIP 403 Forbidden message
containing Warning header with
warn-text and warn-code includec

85: SIP REGISTER
-'--

--

FIG.3

-~

I

US 7,606,910 B2
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2

METHOD FOR INDICATING A UE THAT IT
MUST REGISTER

may be used for transporting the warn information. Therefore, the invention can easily be applied into existing systems.
The warn information may comprise a warn-text. This
warn-text may be intelligible to the user such that he can
easily be informed about the situation.
The warn-text may be a predefined warn-text. In this way,
the user can be informed more clearly, since the warn-text is
predefined and, hence, familiar to the user.
The warn information may comprise a predefined warncode. In this way, also the user equipment (UE) of the user can
easily be informed about the non-registration by using the
predefined code.
Furthermore, an automatic registration may be triggered in
the network device of the user. That is, the network device of
the user may be adapted to perform an automatic registration
in reaction to the response message received which contains
the specific warn-code. In this way, the necessary registration
is performed without that the user has to command this.
Moreover, it may be checked whether the user had a valid
registration before or not, wherein in case the user had no
valid registration before, the information that a registration is
required is inserted into the warn information.
Alternatively, it may be checked whether the user had a
valid registration before or not and whether a de-registration
of the user had been performed, and wherein in case the user
had a valid registration before and a de-registration of the user
had been performed, the information that a re-registration is
required is inserted into the warn information.
Thus, also the condition that the user had a valid registration before and a de-registration was performed is considered,
and the user is informed about this condition.
The network may be a third generation network, wherein
the generating step is performed in a proxy call state control
function (P-CSCF).
The network may be a third generation network, and
wherein the generating step is performed in a serving call
state control function (S-CSCF).
The invention also proposes a network device being connectable to a network, the network offering services to registered users, wherein the device is adapted to receive a message and to perform an automatic registration to the network
in case the message contains a predetermined warn information. The warn information may contain a warn-code, and/or
may contain a warn-text.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method and network for
controlling a network which offers services to registered
users.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The invention concerns networks which offer services to
registered users. For example, in the IP Multimedia (IM)
Subsystem as defined by the 3 rd Generation Partnership
Project (3GPP), it is necessary for an UE to be registered
before the UE can make use of the multimedia services.
Thus, in case the user (i.e., UE) does not send a register
request (e.g., a SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) REGISTER
message) first, the network is not able to handle service
requests from that user, which leads to a failure. In turn, the
user is not notified about the failure and, hence, is not able to
identify the reason for the failure, i.e., the non-acceptance of
the service request.
Moreover, in a 3GPP environment, the network can initiate
a Network Initiated De-registration. This is performed, for
example, in order to avoid problems in the servers. The user
mayor may not be notified about the action, depending on
whether he is previously subscribed to be notified and it is
reachable or not.
If the user has been de-registered from the network but he
was not notified because of one of the above listed reasons, he
may anytime send a session initiation request to the network.
If that is the case, the network can not serve the user since it
is not registered. However, also in this case the user is not
aware of the fact that he is no longer registered.
Thus, the above situations lead to the problem that a user
can not be served and that the user is not aware why the
network does not accept his service request.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Therefore, the object underlying the invention resides in
removing the above drawbacks of the prior art.
This object is solved by a method for controlling a network,
wherein the networks offers services to registered users, the
method comprising the steps of
receiving a service request,
checking whether a user requesting the service is registered
or not, and
if the user is not registered, generating a response message
including a warn information into a response message
and sending the response message to the user.
Alternatively, the above object is solved by a network
control device for controlling a network, wherein the networks offers services to registered users, wherein the device
is adapted
to receive a service request, to check whether a user
requesting the service is registered or not, and generate
a response message containing a warn information to the
user, in case the user is not registered.
Thus, by the method and control device according to the
invention, the user is automatically informed that he is not
registered. Hence, an easy handling of service requests of
non-registered users is achieved.
The response message may be a SIP (Session Initiation
Protocol) response. Moreover, the SIP response may be a 403
Forbidden response. Hence, a predefined standard message

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BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

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The present invention will be more readily understood with
reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the network system to which a
first and a second embodiment is applicable,
FIG. 2 shows a signaling diagram of the procedure according to the first embodiment, and
FIG. 3 shows a signaling diagram of the procedure according to a second embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED
EMBODIMENTS

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65

In the following, preferred embodiments of the invention is
described in more detail with reference to the accompanying
drawings.
FIG. 1 shows a simplified network system to which the
embodiments are applicable. The network system may configured according to IP Multimedia Subsystem concepts as
defined by the 3 rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).

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The network system comprises a home network of a User
equipment CUE) and a visited network. The home network
comprises a Serving Call State Control Function (S-CSCF)
which controls services for the user (i.e., UE). The S-CSCF
accesses an HSS (Home Subscriber Server) in order to obtain
information regarding the user. The visited network comprises a Proxy Call State Control Function (P-CSCF) basically performs an interface function for connecting the UE to
the S-CSCF in his home network. S-CSCF is located in the
home network of the UE, which is roaming in the visited
network and attached to the P-CSCF.
Next, the first embodiment is described. According to the
first embodiment, it is assumed that the user sends an SIP
(Session Initiation Protocol) INVITE message before it sends
a REGISTER to the network. The network returns a 403
Forbidden message to the user with a warning header.
In SIP, warning headers are used in response messages in
order to carry additional information about the status of a
response. Warning headers comprises the following fields:
warn-code, warn-agent and warn-text.
The warn-code is a number consisting of three digits. SIPspecific warn-codes start with a 3 as the first digit. The warnagent indicates the name or pseudonym of the server which
adds the warning header. The warn-text is a plain text intelligible to the human user.
According to the present embodiment, the warning header
comprises a warn-text of "Registration Needed". This warntext is associated with a 3GPP specific warn-code. Hence, it
should start with another digit than 3 in order to distinguish it
form SIP-specific warn-codes. The 3GPP warn-code should
preferably trigger at UE a Register message to be sent towards
the network.
FIG. 2 shows a signaling flow according to the first
embodiment, which illustrates the above procedure in more
detail. A person of ordinary skill in the art would readily
appreciate that the flow may be carried out by a computer
program embodied on a computer readable storage medium.
As mentioned above, it is assumed that the user (i.e., UE) is
not registered to the network. That is, the first action performed by the UE is sending a SIP INVITE request to the
P-CSCF, as indicated in step AI. In this example, it is
assumed that the UE is not registered, and a corresponding
response is sent back to the UE in step A2.
That is, in step A2, the P-CSCF returns a 4.xx final
response, preferably a 403 Forbidden Message to the UE. In
the 403 Forbidden Message, a warning header containing a
warn-text of, e.g., "Registration Needed" and a corresponding 3GPP specific warn-code is included. This warn-code
should be standardized, and, for example, should preferably
be defined by the lANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority).
The P-CSCF sends the 403 Forbidden Message to the UE
in step A2. Thus, the UE is informed that the SIP INVITE
message sent in step Al was unsuccessful, and in addition the
UE is also informed why the INVITE message was unsuccessful, namely, because the UE is not yet registered to the
network.
Preferably, the UE is triggered by the 403 Forbidden Message to send a SIP REGISTER message, as indicated in step
A3. By using the above-mentioned 3GPP specific warn-code,
the UE can be triggered to automatically send such a register
request without that the user has to input manually a corresponding request. That is, the UE may be adapted to automati cally perform the registration in response to receiving the
above-described warn-code.

After sending the SIP REGISTER message in step A3, the
normal registration procedure is carried out. A detailed
description thereof is omitted for simplifYing the illustration.
It is noted that for the above-described automatic registration the warn-text is optional. That is, in order to trigger an
automatic registration of the UE, only the warn-code is necessary.
The same procedure as described above may be used to
trigger a Register from the UE when an INVITE arrives to the
P-CSCF after the Registration of the user expired in P-CSCF,
i.e., in a case in which the registration is timely limited. The
"Registration Needed" warning header is preferably only be
inserted by a P-CSCF, since this element provides an interface
of the network to the UE.
It is noted that in the above description it is assumed that
information about the status of user (i.e., registered or not
registered) is stored in the HSS. However, this information
may also be stored in a database in the S-CSCF or also in the
P-CSCF. In this way, the need for forwarding the inquiries to
the HSS or to the home network is eliminated.
Next, a second embodiment is described with reference to
FIG. 3.
According to the second embodiment, it is assumed that the
UE was registered, but that the home network where the UE
is registered performs a Network Initiated De-registration for
this user. This implies that S-CSCF will delete the user from
the registered users' database. This may not implicitly imply
that the P-CSCF will also delete it.
In the following, signalling for this case is described by
referring to FIG. 3. In step Bl, the UE sends a SIP INVITE
message to the P-CSCFThere might be cases when the UE's
registration is valid in P-CSCF but not valid anymore in
S-CSCF. Hence, the P-CSCF forwards the SIP INVITE message to the S-CSCF in step B2.
However, the S-CSCF finds that the UE has been de-registered, or the timer associated with the registration expired,
etc., i.e., UE no longer has a valid registration. Hence, the
S-CSCF returns a 403 Forbidden response to the user. Since
in this scenario the user might recently have a valid registration, the S-CSCF preferably inserts another warning header
with a warn-text of "Re-Registration Needed". As described
in the first embodiment, this warn-text should preferably be
associated with a 3GPP specific warn-code (which may be the
same as according to the first embodiment). The S-CSCF
sends the 403 Forbidden message composed in this way to the
P-CSCF (step B3), which in tum forwards it to the UE (step
B4).
Similar as according to the first embodiment, the warn-text
and the warn-code should preferably trigger at the UE a
Re-Registration to be sent towards the network, as indicated
in step B5. After this, the normal registration procedure is
carried out. A detailed description thereof is omitted for simplifying the illustration.
The "Re-Registration Needed" warn-text is preferably
only be inserted by an S-CSCF.
It is noted that in SIP a Registration and RE-Registration
look exactly the same. The reason for having different warntexts is to inform the user at the UE that the user is not
registered to the network yet or that a recent valid registration
was just invalidated by the network, respectively.
It is noted that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Various amendments and modifications are possible.
In particular, the embodiments may be combined. That is,
both procedures may be applied in a network system, and
depending on the situation the 403 Forbidden message sent to

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the UE may include the "Registration Needed" or the "ReRegistration Needed" warn-text and a corresponding wamcode.
Furthermore, it is noted that the IP Multimedia Subsystem
is only taken as an example. That is, the invention may be
applied to any network system in which a user has to be
registered before he may obtain any services.
Moreover, also the SIP protocol is only taken as an
example. Instead, any protocol messages into which specific
warn-texts and/or warn-code may be included, can be used.
The invention claimed is:
1. A method, comprising:
receiving a service request from a network device of a user,
wherein said service request is a session initiation protocol invite request;
checking, in a network control device, whether the user is
registered to a network or not, by referring to infonnation about a registration status of the user stored in a
home subscriber server or in the network control device
being a proxy call state control function or a serving call
state control function, wherein the network offers services to registered users; and
when the user is not registered, generating a response message including warn infonnation and sending the
response message from the network control device to the
network device of the user, wherein the response message is a session initiation protocol 403 forbidden message;
wherein the warn infonnation triggers an automatic registration in the network device of the user, in which the
network device of the user sends a register request to the
network control device automatically when the network
device of the user receives the response message.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the warn
information comprises a warn-text.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the warn-text
is a predefined warn-text.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the warn
information comprises a predefined warn-code.
5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
checking whether the user had a valid registration before or
not,
wherein in case the user had no valid registration before,
during generating the response message, the infonnation that a registration is required is inserted into the
warn infonnation.
6. An apparatus, comprising:
a connector configured to connect to a network, wherein
the network is configured to offer services to registered
users;
a sender configured to send a service request to the network, wherein said service request is a session initiation
protocol invite request;
a receiver configured to receive a response message from
the network; and
a controller, wherein in case the response message comprises a predetennined warn infonnation being a session
initiation protocol 403 forbidden message indicating
that the user is not registered to the network, the warn
information triggers an automatic registration in the
controller, in which the controller controls the sender to
send a register request to the network automatically
when the receiver receives the response message.
7. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the warn
information comprises a warn-code.
8. The apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the warn
information comprises a warn-text.

9. An apparatus, comprising:
sending means for sending a service request to a network
control device of the network, wherein said service
recluest is a session initiation protocol invite request;
receiving means for receiving a response message from the
network control device; and
controlling means, wherein in case the response message
comprises a predetennined warn infonnation being a
session initiation protocol 403 forbidden message indicating that the user is not registered to the network, the
warn information triggers an automatic registration in
the controlling means, in which the controlling means
controls the sending means to send a register request to
the network automatically when the receiving means
receives the response message.
10. A method, comprising:
sending a service request to a network which is configured
to offer services to registered users, wherein said service
request is a session initiation protocol invite request;
receiving a response message from the network; and
wherein in case the response message comprises a predetennined warn infonnation being a session initiation
protocol 403 forbidden message indicating that the user
is not registered to the network, the warn infonnation
triggers an automatic registration, in which a register
request is sent to the network automatically when the
response message is received.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the
response message is a session initiation protocol response.
12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the session
initiation protocol response is a 403 forbidden response.
13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the warn
information comprises a warn-text.
14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the warn
information comprises a predefined warn-code.
15. The method according to claim 1, further comprising:
checking whether the user had a valid registration before or
not and whether a de-registration of the user had been
perfonned,
wherein in case the user had a valid registration before and
a de-registration of the user had been performed, during
generating the response message, the infonnation that a
re-registration is required is inserted into the warn information.
16. The apparatus according to claim 6, further comprising:
a performer configured to perform an automatic registration to the network in case the response message comprises a predetermined warn infonnation indicating that
the user is not registered to the network or infonnation
that a re-registration is required, in case the user had a
valid registration before and a de-registration of the user
had been performed.
17. The apparatus according to claim 9, further comprising:
performing means for perfonning an automatic registration to the network in case the response message comprises a predetermined warn infonnation indicating that
the user is not registered to the network or infonnation
that a re-registration is required, in case the user had a
valid registration before and a de-registration of the user
had been performed.
18. A computer program embodied on a computer storage
readable medium, the computer program being configured to
control a processor to perform:
connecting to a network, wherein the network is configured
to offer services to registered users;

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sending a service request to the network, wherein said
service request is a session initiation protocol invite
request;
receiving a response message from the network;
in case the response message comprises a predetermined
warn information being a session initiation protocol 403
forbidden message indicating that the user is not registered to the network, triggering an automatic registration
in a controller;
controlling a sender to send a register request to the network automatically when the response message is
received.
19. An apparatus comprising:
a receiver configured to receive a service request from a
network device of a user, wherein said service request is
a session initiation protocol invite request;
a controller configured to check, whether the user is registered to a network or not, by referring to information

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about a registration status of the user stored in a home
subscriber server or in the apparatus being a proxy call
state control function or a serving call state control function, wherein the network offers services to registered
users; and
the controller being configured, to, when the user is not
registered, generate a response message including warn
information and sending the response message from the
network control device to the network device of the user,
wherein the response message is a session initiation
protocol 403 forbidden message;
wherein the warn information triggers an automatic registration in the network device of the user, in which the
network device of the user sends a register request to the
network control device automatically when the network
device of the user receives the response message.

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