Core Wireless Licensing S.a.r.l. v. Apple, Inc.

Filing 1

COMPLAINT against Apple, Inc. ( Filing fee $ 350 receipt number 0540-3468392.), filed by Core Wireless Licensing S.a.r.l.. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Exhibit 1 - United States Patent No. 6,792,277, # 3 Exhibit 2 - United States Patent No. 7,606,910, # 4 Exhibit 3 - United States Patent No. 6,697,347, # 5 Exhibit 4 - United States Patent No. 7,447,181, # 6 Exhibit 5 - United States Patent No. 6,788,959, # 7 Exhibit 6 - United States Patent No. 7,529,271, # 8 Exhibit 7 - United States Patent No. 6,266,321, # 9 Exhibit 8 - United States Patent No. 6,978,143, # 10 Exhibit 9 - Nokias June 14, 2011 press release)(Hill, Jack)

EXHIBIT 3

111111

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
US006697347B2

(54)

(75)

United States Patent

(10)

Ostman et ai.

(12)

(45)

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR
CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION OF
PACKETS IN A WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

OTHER PUBLICATIONS
3 rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification
Group Radio Access Network; High Speed Downlink Packet
Access: Overall UTRAN Description (Release 5), 3GPP TR
25.855 VO.0.8, Jun. 2001, Valbonne, France.

Inventors: Kjell Ostman, Halikko (FI); Esa
Malkamaki, Espoo (FI)

* cited by examiner

(73)

Assignee: Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd., Espoo (FI)

( *)

Notice:

Primary Examiner-Ajit Patel
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ware, Fressola, Van Der
Sluys & Adolphson LLP

Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.c. 154(b) by 172 days.

(21)

Filed:

A system in which a packet-sending entity and a packetreceiving entity communicate using a plurality of parameter
signaling channels (SCCH) and also using a plurality of
shared data channels (SDCH) and do so according to a
protocol in which when packet data are transmitted over one
or more transmission time intervals (TTIs), the communication being such that once a parameter signaling channel is
assigned to the packet-receiving entity for communicating a
packet, the assigned channel is used in each subsequent TTT
as long as there is at least a portion of the packet in the
subsequent TTL When there is, the packet-receiving entity
despreads and decodes only one parameter signaling channel
for the subsequent TTl along with the data channels. When
there is not, the packet-receiving entity despreads all the
parameter signaling channels for the subsequent TTl, and
may decode some or all of the parameter signaling channels.

Aug. 22, 2001
Prior Publication Data

(65)

US 2003/0039230 A1 Feb. 27, 2003

(51)
(52)
(58)

Int. CI? ................................................ H04B 7/216
U.S. CI. ........................................ 370/335; 370/342
Field of Search ................................. 370/329, 335,
370/341,342,333,349,431,441,468

(56)

References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS

6,163,524
2001/0005378
2001/0043576
2002/0160782

A
12/2000 Magnusson et al. ........
A1 * 6/2001 Lee ............................
A1 * 11/2001 Terry ..........................
A1 * 10/2002 Joshi et al. .................

time

ABSTRACT

(57)

Appl. No.: 09/935,212

(22)

Patent No.:
US 6,697,347 B2
Date of Patent:
Feb. 24,2004

370/208
370/459
370/328
455/452

31 Claims, 5 Drawing Sheets

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u.s. Patent

Feb. 24,2004

Sheet 1 of 5

US 6,697,347 B2

1 frame = 15 slots = 150 256-chip symbols = 38400 chips <=> 10 ms

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slot 0

slot 14

slot 1

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spread data and control bits scrambled with a base station specific code
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Root
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u.s. Patent

Feb. 24,2004

time

Sheet 2 of 5

US 6,697,347 B2

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u.s. Patent

Feb. 24,2004

US 6,697,347 B2

Sheet 3 of 5

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Feb. 24,2004

US 6,697,347 B2

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US 6,697,347 B2

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US 6,697,347 B2
1

2

define channelization codes of different lengths, corresponding to different spreading factors. In FIG. 2, the root of the
tree is indicated by code C1 1 that has a spreading factor
SF=l, level 1 of the tree includes codes C21 and C22 that
5 each have spreading factors of 2, and so forth. At each' level,
exemplary corresponding sequences, or codes, are indicated.
For the root level, the example shown is [1], for levell, the
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
example codes shown are [11] and [1 -1], and so forth. In
The present invention relates to wireless communication,
the notation C k i illustrated, k is the spreading factor SF and
such as provided by systems as specified in 3GPP (Third
the index i simply distinguishes codes at the same level. It
Generation Partnership Project) Wideband Code Division 10 will be appreciated that the tree continues to branch as one
Multiple Access (WCDMA) release 5, High Speed Downmoves to the right in FIG. 2 and that it is not necessary for
link Packet Access (HSDPA), but also as provided by other
the code sequence at the root level to have only one element
kinds of wireless communications systems providing for
as illustrated.
packet transmission. More particularly, the present invention
All codes in a code tree cannot be used simultaneously in
relates to the paging of mobile stations communicating with 15 the same cell or other environment susceptible to mutual
interference because all codes are not mutually orthogonal;
a base station in such communication systems.
a code can be used if and only if no other code on the path
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
from the specific code to the root of the tree or in the sub-tree
below the specific code is used. This means that the number
FIG. 1 illustrates a radio frame that includes a number of
20 of available channelization codes is not fixed but depends on
complex (in-phase and quadrature) chips divided among
the rate and spreading factor of each channel in the group of
fifteen slots. The radio frame may have a duration of ten
channels that potentially can mutually interfere.
milliseconds (10 ms) and include 38400 chips. In the Third
Eligible channelization codes can be allocated randomly
Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) each such frame is
from the available eligible codes in the code tree structure
called a Transmission Time Interval (TTl) defining the 25 for channels of different rates and spreading factors, which
periodicity at which Transport Block Sets are transferred to
is to say that the eligible codes may be allocated without
the physical layer on the radio interface. Each slot thus
co-ordination between different connections, other than
includes 2560 chips, which may represent, for example, ten
maintaining orthogonality. On the uplink, different users
256-chip symbols (with an SF of 256). Such a frame/slot!
(connections) use different scrambling codes, so all of the
chip structure is a feature of the 3GPP, wideband CDMA 30 spreading codes in a tree can be used for each user without
communication system currently under consideration. The
co-ordination among different users. The situation on the
radio signal transmitted by a BS in such a communication
downlink could be different because the BS typically uses
system is the sum of spread and scrambled data and control
only one scrambling code for all users (connections). Thus,
bits and an unscrambled synchronization channel. Data and
spreading codes cannot be allocated so freely; co-ordination
control bits are typically spread by either bit-wise (in 35 among users is needed.
DS-CDMA systems) or block-wise replacement by an
In WCDMA based systems high speed data transmission
orthogonal sequence or sequences, such as Walsh-Hadamard
may be enabled, e.g., by means of the so called high speed
sequences. (This is sometimes called m-ary orthogonal
downlink packet access (HSDPA) technology. The high
keying.) As noted above, the spread results are then
speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) may include funcscrambled usually by bit-wise modulo-2 addition of a 40 tions such as fast hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ),
pseudo-noise (PN) scrambling sequence.
adaptive coding and modulation (AMC) and/or fast cell
It will be appreciated that the data bits include user
selection (FCS). These functions are known by the skilled
information, such as audio, video, and text information, and
person and will thus not be explained in more detail. A more
that the information of different users is made
detailed description of these and other function of the
distinguishable, in accordance with CDMA principles, by 45 HSPDA can be found, e.g., from a third generation partnerusing distinguishable spreading sequences, such as mutually
ship project technical report No. 3G TR25.848 release 2000
orthogonal Walsh-Hadamard sequences. In a sense, then,
titled 'Physical Layer Aspects of UTRA High Speed Downeach user's Walsh-Hadamard sequence(s) define that user's
link Packet Access'. It shall be appreciated that although the
communication channel, and thus these distinguishable
HSDPA has been specified for use in the WCDMA, similar
sequences are said to channelize the user information. The 50 basic principles may be applied to other access techniques.
construction of sequences according to their correlation
At the present it is assumed that in the high speed
properties is described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,353,352 to P. Dent
downlink packet access (HSDPA) each user equipment
et al for Multiple Access Coding for Radio Communications
receiving data on a high speed downlink shared channel
and U.S. Pat. No. 5,550,809 to G. Bottomley et al for
(HS-DSCH) also has an associated dedicated channel
Multiple Access Coding Using Bent Sequences for Mobile 55 (DCH) allocated. The dedicated channel may be mapped to
Radio Communications.
a dedicated physical channel (DPCH) in the physical layer.
It is desirable to provide various types of communication
The DPCH is typically divided into dedicated physical data
services to meet various consumer demands, such as voice
channel (DPDCH) and dedicated physical control channel
telephony, facsimile, e-mail, video, Internet access, etc.
(DPCCH) both in the uplink and the downlink. Data such as
Moreover, it is expected that users may wish to access 60 the power control commands, transport format information,
different types of services at the same time. For example, a
and dedicated pilot symbols are transmitted on the DPCCH.
video conference between two users would involve both
Information such as diversity feedback information may also
voice and video support. Some services require higher data
be transmitted on DPCCH in the uplink. The HS-DSCH may
rates than others, and some services would benefit from a
be mapped to one or several high speed physical downlink
data rate that can vary during the communication.
65 shared channels (HS-PDSCH) in the physical layer.
FIG. 2 depicts a typical tree structure for WalshThe associated dedicated channel is typically provided
Hadamard sequences, or codes. Levels in the code tree
both in the downlink and the uplink. The dedicated channel
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR
CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION OF
PACKETS IN A WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

US 6,697,347 B2

3

4

Since a communication link can be statistically multiis typically used to carry HSDPA related information/
signaling as well as other dedicated data such as speech and
plexed between a large number of users, there would also be
control data. The user equipment may communicate with
a multitude of packet paging channels required, one for each
several base stations at the same time. For example, the
user. In order to make the number of paging channels as
associated dedicated channel may be in soft handover.
5 large as possible (i.e. in order to maximize the number of
In addition to associated dedicated channels, the
available codes and code channels), a spreading factor for
HS-DSCH may be associated also with a shared control
the paging channel is used in some systems, and the spreadchannel (SCCH). The SCCH can be used to carry HS-DSCH
ing factor is made as high as possible so as to allow as many
specific information/signaling to those users receiving data
users as possible to use the same part of a code tree.
on the HS-DSCH.
10
A high spreading factor for a paging channel implies a
A current proposal is to use the dedicated channel to
very low bit rate in the channel. On the other hand, a highly
inform the user equipment that it has data to be read on the
flexible and adaptive system, such as the proposed HSDPA,
HS-DSCH and SCCH. That is, only those users receiving
might require that a multitude of parameters be transmitted
data at a given time will receive an indication on the
to a mobile station along with each packet.
dedicated channel. The dedicated channel may be called as 15
For this reason, the prior art has proposed that another set
a pointer channel since it points to the shared channels. The
of code channels, different from the paging channel, be used
dedicated channel may also contain information about
for parameter signaling. (When using another set of code
modulation and coding schemes, power levels and similar
channels for parameter signaling, the paging channel can
parameters used for the shared channels. This information
also be called either a paging indicator channel or a pointer
can be sent also on the shared channel. The shared control 20
channel, since it either indicates that there is data to be
channel on the other hand is used to carry information that
received on the parameter signaling channel, or it points to
is specific to the data transmitted on the shared data channel
a certain parameter signaling channel.) The number of such
(HS-DSCH). This information can contain for instance
code channels should be the same as the number of code
packet numbers for the HARQ and so on. The shared control
multiplexed users for any particular transmission interval.
channel can be sent on a separate code channel (code 25
Since this number usually is much smaller than the number
multiplexed) or using the same code channels as
of active users, the prior art has proposed that the parameter
HS-PDSCH (time multiplexed).
signaling channels be shared among the active users. See for
Unlike the dedicated channel, the HS-DSCH is assumed
instance Chapter 6.3.2.1.2. (Two-step signaling approach) of
not to be in soft handover. That is, each base station is
3GPP TR 25.855 v1.1.0.
assumed to have their own shared channel and the user 30
As mentioned above, in HSDPA, a fixed spreading factor
equipment is assumed to receive data from only one base
is used for the data code channels and at this time has a value
station at a time. The so called fast cell selection (FCS)
of 16. Hence, there are at most sixteen full-speed data code
technique may be used to switch the data transmission from
channels available. At least one of the channels, i.e. one of
one base station to another. However, the shared channels
does not use power control. Instead, the shared channels are 35 the branches of the code tree, must be allocated for the
common pilot channel (CPICH) used for instance for chanproposed to be transmitted with fixed or semi-fixed power.
nel estimation in the mobile station and other common
The term 'semi-fixed' means in here that the power is not
channels as well as for the dedicated (packet paging) chanchanged often. The power could, for instance, be a cell
nels and parameter signaling channels (also called shared
specific parameter.
control channels). The remaining fifteen code branches are,
In the currently proposed arrangements the high speed 40
according to the prior art, temporarily allocated either to one
downlink shared channel (HS-DSCH) is planned to be
user, or they are allocated to at most fifteen separate users.
associated with a dedicated channel which would carry in
In the former case, one parameter signaling channel is
the downlink at least information regarding the timing when
needed; and in the latter case, fifteen parameter signaling
the receiving station is to receive on a shared channel. The
channels are needed. Typically, the shared data channel is
associated dedicated channel may possibly carry also other 45
assumed to be shared within a given TTl by a number of
information. In the uplink, the associated dedicated channel
users, which are code multiplexed. In FIG. 3, an example is
may carry, for example, the required acknowledgements
shown with four shared control channels. In either case,
(ACK) for a fast HARQ.
there can be more than fifteen active users that share the data
The Transmission Time Interval (TTl) for HSDPA will be
50 channels (via time division multiple access).
shorter than for Rel'99 WCDMA. TTl lengths of 1, 3, 5 and
According to the prior art, each active mobile station
15 slots have been proposed, corresponding to 0.67 ms, 2
decodes its own paging channel. When there is a transmisms, 3.33 ms and 10 ms, respectively. Currently, 3 slots, i.e.,
sion for a particular mobile station, the paging channel for
2 ms, TTl is most probable choice and is considered as
the mobile station so indicates. In addition, the paging
preferred solution in this text.
55 channel for the mobile station indicates the code (parameter
The Problem Addressed by the Invention
signaling) channel where the parameters for the transmission
interval are signaled. The mobile station then decodes the
In a packet access system, such as HSDPA, a user
assigned parameter signaling channel, which enables the
typically accesses the communication link (channel) and
mobile station to then decode the actual data transmission.
media only when the user has data to transmit or receive. In
order to effectively utilize the communication link, several 60
The main problem with the above protocol is that if the
users usually share the same link.
paging channel content, parameter signaling channel
So that each user knows when there is data to be received
content, and data channel(s) content are sent in sequence,
and so knows to access the communication link, in some
then three frames or transmission time intervals (TTls) are
systems a link master notifies the user that a data packet is
needed to complete one data transmission. The prior art
about to be transmitted. Hence, in such systems, each user 65 therefore also provides that all of the content of all three
must more or less continuously listen to a packet paging
different channels be sent simultaneously, i.e. in a single
channel.
TTL

US 6,697,347 B2
5

6

If all of the content of all three different channels is sent
In a further aspect of the first aspect of the invention, in
simultaneously, the mobile station must buffer all channels
the parameter transmitting step, the packet-sending entity
that may have to be decoded, i.e. all the parameter signaling
transmits to the packet-receiving entity within a TTl at least
code channels and all the data channels; in the worst case for
some of the parameters for decoding some or all of the
HSDPA, this amounts to a total of thirty separate channels. 5 shared data channels within the next TTL In a still further
aspect, in the data providing step, the packet-sending entity
To provide a large enough buffer in the mobile station to
provides to the packet-receiving entity in the TTl immedihandle thirty channels would be difficult and expensive. As
ately following the TTl in which the parameter signaling
an alternative to providing the buffer in the mobile station,
channel is transmitted the data to be communicated using at
the prior art also provides that the channels be despread and
then buffered, rather than buffered on the chip level (i.e. 10 least one of the shared data channels according to the
before being despread, so that the channels are buffered with
parameters provided on the at least one parameter signaling
the spreading code, which requires more memory). Such an
channel.
alternative requires less memory, but requires a larger numIn a second aspect of the invention, a method is provided
ber of despreaders.
for operation of the packet-receiving entity, the method
What is needed, is a way to send to a mobile station the
including the steps of: until the packet-sending entity assigns
content of the three kinds of channels (the paging channel, 15 a parameter signaling channel to the packet-receiving entity,
the parameter signaling channel, and the data channel)
having the packet-receiving entity despread all the paramwithout requiring as many despreaders as in the threeeter signaling channels and decode a predetermined subset
channel-at-a-time prior art, and without requiring three TTls
of the parameter signaling channels, wherein the predeteras in the one-channel-at-a-time prior art.
20 mined subset of the parameter signaling channels is either
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
all, one, or none of the parameter signaling channels; once
a parameter signaling channel is first assigned to the packetAccordingly, the present invention provides a packetreceiving entity, having the packet-receiving entity interpret
sending entity, such as a base station, and a packet-receiving
the assignment to be an assignment of a parameter signaling
entity, such as a mobile station, methods by which the
packet-sending entity and packet receiving entity function so 25 channel for the current TTl, and having the packet-receiving
as to have the packet sending entity communicate a packet
entity despread and decode the assigned parameter signaling
to the packet-receiving entity, and a corresponding system
channel in the current TTl so as to obtain parameter data
including both the packet-sending entity and the packetfrom the parameter signaling channel; having the packetreceiving entity, the methods for use in a context in which
receiving entity use the parameter data in reading the content
the packet-sending entity and packet-receiving entity com- 30 of the shared data channels in the subsequent TTl; having
municate via a packet communication system using a pluthe packet-receiving entity monitor information communirality of parameter signaling channels (SCCH), and also
cated by the packet-sending entity so as to determine
using a plurality of shared data channels (SDCH) and
whether the next TTl includes at least a portion of the
operating according to a protocol in which when packet data
packet; in each TTl until the TTl prior to the last TTl in
is to be transmitted from the packet-sending entity to the
35 which a portion of the packet is transmitted over the data
packet-receiving entity, the communication between the
channels, having the packet-receiving entity despread only
packet-sending entity and the packet-receiving entity occurs
the assigned parameter signaling channel and also decode
over one or more transmission time intervals (TTls). The
the assigned parameter signaling channel; and for the last
methods are such that once a parameter signaling channel is
TTl in which a portion of the packet is transmitted over the
assigned to the packet-receiving entity for communicating a
packet, the assigned parameter signaling channel is used by 40 shared data channels, having the packet-receiving entity
despread only the assigned parameter signaling channel and
the packet-receiving entity in each subsequent TTl as long
also buffer the assigned parameter signaling channel.
as there is at least a portion of the packet in the subsequent
Thus, the invention provides a method and an arrangeTTl, and when there is at least a portion of the packet in the
ment to page a mobile station, a method and arrangement
subsequent TTl, for the subsequent TTl the packet-receiving
entity despreads and decodes only one parameter signaling 45 that minimizes the complexity of the mobile and maximizes
the processing time of the base station if hybrid automatic
channel along with the data channels, and when there is not
repeat request (HARQ) is employed.
at least a portion of the packet in the subsequent TTl, for the
subsequent TTl the packet-receiving entity despreads all the
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
parameter signaling channels, and decodes either all, one, or
50
The above and other objects, features and advantages of
none of the parameter signaling channels.
the invention will become apparent from a consideration of
In a first aspect of the invention, a method is provided for
the subsequent detailed description presented in connection
operation of the packet-sending entity, the method includwith accompanying drawings, in which:
ing: a parameter transmitting step, having the packetFIG. 1 is a schematic illustrating a radio frame comprising
sending entity transmit to the packet-receiving entity at least
CDMA chips divided among fifteen slots, according to the
some of the parameters for decoding some or all of the 55
prior art;
shared data channels using at least one of the parameter
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustrating a code tree that defines
signaling channels; a data providing step, having the packetchannelization codes of length k, according to the prior art;
sending entity provide to the packet-receiving entity the data
and
to be communicated using at least one of the shared data
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustrating paging of a mobile
channels according to the parameters provided on the at least 60
station (otherwise known as user equipment, or mobile
one parameter signaling channel; and a further parameter
station), according to one embodiment of the invention;
transmitting step, having the packet-sending entity continue
FIG. 4 is a schematic illustrating paging of a mobile
to use the same at least one parameter signaling channel to
station, according to another embodiment of the invention;
transmit parameters for decoding any additional data transmitted on at least one of the shared data channels for the 65
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustrating paging of a mobile
station, according to yet another embodiment of the invensame packet-receiving entity in the subsequent consecutive
TTls.
tion; and

US 6,697,347 B2
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8

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustrating paging of a mobile
station, according to yet even another embodiment of the
invention.

SDCHs used as the shared data channels. TTl boundaries 15
are indicated by vertical dashed lines extending from the
row for the DPCH through all of the rows for the SDCH. The
DPCH for different TTls, called here DPCH slots, are shown
conveying numbers that are either 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, serving as
channel indicators (indicating a particular SCCH). The nonzero numbers shown are a subset of the set of shared code
channel SCCH numbers 1-4, which indicate the SCCH
number to be used by the mobile station for the current TTl.
A value of 0 in a DPCH slot indicates that there is no data
for the mobile station in the next TTl and therefore no
parameter info on any of the shared control channels in the
current TTL A block with a dashed outline means that the
mobile station despreads and buffers the code channel

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE
INVENTION

5

The invention will now be described in an application to
a communication system implementing hybrid automatic
repeat request (H-ARQ) with high-speed downlink packet
access (HSDPA), as set out in 3GPP (Third Generation 10
Partnership Project) Wideband Code Division Multiple
Access (WCDMA) release 5, HSDPA. The invention,
however, should be understood to be of use in wireless
communication systems whether or not HARQ is used. The
invention offers the advantage of not requiring three trans- 15
mission time intervals (TTls), which is especially beneficial
despreads and decodes (reads) the code channel. (All blocks
in the case of systems using HARQ.
shown in gray with a solid border are blocks that the mobile
station must despread and decode. The blocks with slash
The Invention
lines are blocks not intended for the mobile station, i.e., a
The invention provides a protocol that amounts to a 20 gray block with a solid border and slash lines is a block not
compromise between the two above-described approaches
intended for the mobile station but which the mobile station
of the prior art, namely the three-channel-at-a-time approach
has to despread and decode, while a white block with a
and the one-channel-at-a-time approach. With the invention,
dashed border and slashed lines is a block not intended for
the transmission of the beginning of a data packet to a
the mobile station, but one which the mobile station has to
particular mobile station is staggered (partitioned) into two 25 despread and buffer anyway. TTls having no frames could be
successive transmission intervals, instead of one or three, as
used for other mobile stations.)
in the prior art.
(Note that it is possible to switch the order of spreading
According to the invention, while waiting for a packet
and scrambling and the corresponding despreading and
transmission, a mobile station buffers all the parameter 30 descrambling. However, in the transmitter the encoding
signaling channels and decodes the paging channel assigned
must be performed prior to spreading and scrambling, and in
to the mobile station. At this stage, the mobile station must
the receiver, decoding must be performed last.)
buffer up to fifteen channels, but most likely far fewer. As in
Thus, as indicated in FIG. 3, according to the invention,
the prior art, when the paging channel assigned to the mobile
in those TTls during which the mobile station does not
station indicates that a packet is to be transmitted, it also 35 receive data on a shared data channel SDCH, the mobile
indicates which parameter signaling channel will be used.
station despreads and buffers all (or a predefined set of) the
According to the invention and unlike as in the prior art,
shared code channels SCCH.
once a parameter signaling channel is first conveyed to a
When the mobile station is allocated a shared control
mobile station, that same parameter signaling channel
channel SCCH (in order to receive data in the next TTl with
(meaning the same channelization code) is used in all further 40 the correct parameters), the network will, according to the
consecutive transmission time intervals in which data is sent
invention, only use that same SCCH in all of the next
to the mobile station (i.e. data belonging to the same packet
consecutive TTls during which the data (the continuation of
transmission burst). Hence, at this stage, according to the
a packet burst) is to be subsequently conveyed, so that the
invention, the mobile station may have to buffer fifteen data
mobile station need only despread and decode one SCCH
channels, but need not buffer extra parameter signaling 45 when despreading and decoding data on the SDCH(s). When
channels, since the same parameter signaling channel is used
the data transmission is complete (for a packet burst), the
throughout a continuous data transmission for one user, such
mobile station again despreads all the SCCHs until it is again
as for example in FIG. 4, the data being provided the SDCH
allocated a SCCH (which may be different from the earlier
in columns 2-4.
allocated SCCH); the mobile station uses the newly alloWith the present invention, the code despreading (number 50 cated SCCH not only for the current TTl, but for all
of rake fingers) is optimized: when there is no data being
subsequent, consecutive TTls during which the data is
transmitted to a mobile station, all 'data' fingers are free and
transmitted. As illustrated in FIG. 3, according to the
can be used to despread shared control channels. When the
invention, data channels are despread only when there is
data channel (or part of it) is allocated to a mobile station,
data to receive, and all control channels are received only
the mobile station is so informed during the previous TTl on 55 when there is no simultaneous data.
one of the shared control channels. If more data are to be
FIGS. 4--6 show two other arrangements for the DPCH
sent to the same mobile station in the next TTls, then the
and SCCHs according to the invention. Referring now to
parameters will be sent using the same shared control
FIG. 4, the DPCH is assumed to convey a single bit
channel as for the first transmission. Thus, when receiving
indicator, i.e. either a 0 or a 1. (It is understood by persons
data on a shared data channel, the mobile station only needs 60 skilled in the art that to convey a bit of information in
to despread (and decode) one shared control channel.
practice may require transmitting several physical bits over
the air, i.e., the bit may be repeated or otherwise protected
Referring now to FIG. 3, which illustrates the invention
using known channel coding techniques.) The bit indicator
for use with a communication system implementing
indicates whether the mobile station is going to receive data
HSDPA, the dedicated physical channel DPCH is used as the
paging channel. In the illustration of FIG. 3, there are four 65 in the next TTl and therefore whether the mobile station
shared control code channels SCCHs used as the parameter
must read (decode) the shared control channels to get the
parameter information. The mobile station must decode all
signaling channels, and ten shared data code channels

~.hlr~to~~n:~~ cah:~l~~l~~~~~~v:e~~~ ~~:~t~~t~~~~~es~~~~~~

US 6,697,347 B2

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10

of (or a predefined subset ot) the SCCRs to find out on which
Scope of the Invention
It is to be understood that the above-described arrangeSCCR the parameter information for it is transmitted. To
convey to the mobile station which SCCR to use, one or
ments are only illustrative of the application of the principles
another identifier of the mobile station can be sent on the
of the present invention. In particular, although the invention
SCCR the mobile station is to use; alternatively, the CRC 5 has been shown and described in the context of a base station
(cyclic redundancy check) can be mobile station specific
communicating a packet to a mobile station, nothing about
(i.e. so that other mobile stations would get a decoding
the invention restricts its use to communication between a
base station and a mobile station. The invention is of use in
failure when trying to decode the SCCR). In subsequent
any situation in which a packet-sending entity communiTTls, the same SCCR is used as in the previous case, i.e.
only one SCCR must be despread and decoded simulta- 10 cates a packet to a packet-receiving entity where the packetsending entity is typically simultaneously in communication
neously with the received data channels. When DPCR
with several packet-receiving entities, so long as the packet
indicates with a 0 for the bit indicator that there is no data
is communicated using a packet communication system
for the mobile station in the next TTl, then the SCCR(s) in
including a plurality of parameter signaling channels serving
the current TTl is ( are) not decoded but must be despread
and buffered, as indicated in FIG. 4. For the first TTl in 15 as shared control channels (the channels designated as
SCCR in the above description), and also using a plurality
which the binary indicator turns from a one to a zero, only
of shared data channels (the channels designated as SDCR
the assigned SCCR is despread, and then it is buffered, not
in the above description), the packet communication system
decoded (the mobile station knowing from the binary indioperating according to a protocol in which when packet data
cator that the SCCR does not contain parameter information
is to be transmitted from the packet-sending entity to the
for it in the current TTl).
20 packet-receiving entity, the communication between the
Referring now to FIG. 5, in another arrangement accordpacket-sending entity and the packet-receiving entity occurs
ing to the invention, the DPCR does not convey a bit
over one or more transmission time intervals. Numerous
indicator (as in FIG. 4) or a channel indicator (as in FIG. 3);
modifications and alternative arrangements may be devised
in some implementations, a DPCR is not used at all.
by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit
Therefore, the mobile station, when not receiving data, must 25 and scope of the present invention, and the appended claims
are intended to cover such modifications and arrangements.
despread and decode all (or a predefined set ot) the SCCRs
What is claimed is:
to find out whether one of them is intended for it. Again, the
1. A method for operation of a packet-sending entity as
SCCR must either convey expressly a mobile station idenpart of a packet communication system, the packet commutifier or indicate the mobile station indirectly, such as by
using a mobile station specific CRC, as explained above in 30 nication system including the packet-sending entity and a
packet-receiving entity, the packet communication system
connection with FIG. 4. Once the mobile station finds
using a plurality of parameter signaling channels (SCCR),
control information for it on one of the SCCRS, it reads the
and also using a plurality of shared data channels (SDCR),
parameters and receives data in the next TTls according to
the packet communication system operating according to a
the parameters. In subsequent consecutive TTls, the control
information is sent on the same SCCR, and the mobile 35 protocol in which when packet data is to be transmitted from
the packet-sending entity to the packet-receiving entity, the
station need only read one SCCR simultaneously with
communication between the packet-sending entity and the
receiving data.
packet-receiving entity occurs over one or more transmisReferring now to FIG. 6, in yet another arrangement
sion time intervals (TTls), the method comprising:
according to the invention, the DPCR is again used to
a) a parameter transmitting step, having the packetconvey a single bit indicator (either a 0 or a 1), as in the 40
sending entity transmit to the packet-receiving entity at
arrangement illustrated in FIG. 4, but in the arrangement
least some of the parameters for decoding some or all
shown in FIG. 6, the bit indicator is transmitted in the TTl
of the shared data channels using at least one of the
preceding the TTl in which the binary indicator is transmitparameter signaling channels;
ted in FIG. 4. Since the bit indicator cannot indicate which
b) a data providing step, having the packet-sending entity
SCCR to decode, all SCCRs must be decoded if there is no 45
provide to the packet-receiving entity the data to be
simultaneous data (i.e. if the TTl does not also convey at
communicated using at least one of the shared data
least a portion of a packet). As in the arrangement illustrated
in FIG. 4, the same SCCR is used in subsequent consecutive
channels according to the parameters provided on the at
least one parameter signaling channel; and
TTls (until all of the burst is conveyed), and as long as there
is simultaneous data in the subsequent TTls, only a single 50
c) a further parameter transmitting step, having the
SCCR must be despread and decoded. As in FIG. 4, there are
packet-sending entity continue to use the same at least
at least two ways in which the parameter signaling channel
one parameter signaling channel to transmit parameters
being assigned can be communicated to the mobile phone,
for decoding any additional data transmitted on at least
i.e. either expressly (using e.g. an identifier of the mobile
one of the shared data channels for the same packetphone on the parameter signaling channel being assigned, or 55
receiving entity in the subsequent consecutive TTls.
indirectly, using an error detection code, such as a CRC
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the parameter
code, to encode the SCCR being assigned that is a code used
transmitting step, the packet-sending entity transmits to the
exclusively by the mobile). As in the arrangement illustrated
packet-receiving entity within a TTl at least some of the
in FIG. 4, the indication of which channel is being assigned
parameters for decoding some or all of the shared data
is not provided until the TTl immediately preceding the TTl 60 channels within the next TTL
in which at least a portion of the packet is first conveyed.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein in the data providing
step, the packet-sending entity provides to the packetIn an alternative embodiment, the spreading (and
receiving entity in the TTl immediately following the TTl in
despreading) could be done "interlacedly", i.e. the same
despreader would despread one chip from channel 1, then
which the parameter signaling channel is transmitted the
one chip from channel 2, and so on, and the despreading 65 data to be communicated using at least one of the shared data
channels according to the parameters provided on the at least
would then start over with the next chip from channel one,
one parameter signaling channel.
and so on.

US 6,697,347 B2
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12

4. The method of claim 3, further comprising, prior to the
parameter transmitting step, the steps of:
a) having the packet-sending entity indicate to the packetreceiving entity that a parameter signaling channel is
being assigned to the packet-receiving entity for one or
more consecutive TTls sufficient in number to provide
parameters for decoding the shared data channels until
there is a cessation in the stream of data constituting the
packet intended for the packet-receiving entity; and
b) having the packet-sending entity assign to the packetreceiving entity a parameter signaling channel.
5. The method of claim 3, further comprising, prior to the
further parameter transmitting step, the steps of:
a) having the packet-sending entity continue to indicate
that the same parameter signaling channel is to be used
to obtain parameters for decoding the data provided on
the shared data channels in the next TTl; and
b) prior to or in the last TTl in which a portion of the
packet is transmitted over the shared data channels,
having the packet-sending entity signal to the packetreceiving entity that the parameter signaling channel is
no longer assigned to the packet-receiving entity.
6. A method as in claim 4, wherein the packet-sending
entity assigns a parameter signaling channel via information
conveyed over a dedicated paging channel (DPCH), the
information being conveyed in the TTl prior to the first TTl
in which at least a portion of the packet is conveyed.
7. A method as in claim 4, wherein the packet-sending
entity assigns a parameter signaling channel by indicating
over a dedicated paging channel using a binary indicator that
the packet-receiving entity is being assigned a parameter
signaling channel, the binary indicator being first conveyed
in the TTl immediately preceding the first TTl in which at
least a portion of the packet is conveyed.
8. A method as in claim 7, wherein, in combination with
using a binary bit indicator in the dedicated paging channel,
the packet-sending entity uses an error detection code for
encoding the assigned parameter signaling channel, an error
detection code that is in turn used exclusively by the
packet-receiving entity for which the parameter signaling
channel is being assigned.
9. A method as in claim 7, wherein, in combination with
using a binary bit indicator in the dedicated paging channel,
the packet-sending entity conveys an identifier of the packetreceiving entity being assigned a parameter signaling channel on the parameter signaling channel being assigned.
10. A method as in claim 4, wherein in the TTl immediately preceding the TTl in which at least a portion of the
packet is first conveyed, the packet-sending entity uses an
error detection code for encoding the assigned parameter
signaling channel, an error detection code that is in turn used
exclusively by the packet-receiving entity for which the
parameter signaling channel is being assigned.
11. A method as in claim 4, wherein in the TTl immediately preceding the TTl in which at least a portion of the
packet is first conveyed, the packet-sending entity conveys,
on the parameter signaling channel being assigned, an
identifier of the packet-receiving entity being assigned a
parameter signaling channel.
12. A method as in claim 4, wherein the packet-sending
entity assigns a parameter signaling channel by indicating
over a dedicated paging channel using a binary indicator that
the packet-receiving entity is being assigned a parameter
signaling channel, the binary indicator being first conveyed
in the TTl immediately preceding the TTl immediately
preceding the first TTl in which at least a portion of the
packet is conveyed.

13. A method as in claim 12, wherein, in the TTl subsequent to the TTl in which the binary bit indicator is
conveyed on the dedicated paging channel, the packetsending entity uses an error detection code for encoding the
assigned parameter signaling channel, an error detection
code that is in turn used exclusively by the packet-receiving
entity for which the parameter signaling channel is being
assigned.
14. A method as in claim 12, wherein, in the TTl subsequent to the TTl in which the binary bit indicator is
conveyed on the dedicated paging channel, the packetsending entity conveys, on the parameter signaling channel
being assigned, an identifier of the packet-receiving entity
being assigned a parameter signaling channel.
15. A method for having a packet-receiving entity receive
a packet from a packet-sending entity using a packet communication system including a plurality of parameter signaling channels (SCCH) and a plurality of shared data
channels (SDCH), the communication system operating
according to a protocol in which, when a packet is to be
transmitted from the packet-sending entity to a packetreceiving entity, the packet-sending entity provides an indication that the packet is to be communicated to the packetreceiving entity, the communication between the packetsending entity and the packet-receiving entity occurring over
one or more transmission time intervals, the method comprising the steps of:
a) until the packet-sending entity assigns a parameter
signaling channel to the packet-receiving entity, having
the packet-receiving entity despread all the parameter
signaling channels and decode a predetermined subset
of the parameter signaling channels, wherein the predetermined subset of the parameter signaling channels
is either all, one, or none of the parameter signaling
channels;
b) once a parameter signaling channel is first assigned to
the packet-receiving entity, having the packet-receiving
entity interpret the assignment to be an assignment of
a parameter signaling channel for the current TTl, and
having the packet-receiving entity despread and decode
the assigned parameter signaling channel in the current
TTl so as to obtain parameter data from the parameter
signaling channel;
c) having the packet-receiving entity use the parameter
data in reading the content of the shared data channels
in the subsequent TTl;
d) having the packet-receiving entity monitor information
communicated by the packet-sending entity so as to
determine whether the next TTl includes at least a
portion of the packet;
e) in each TTl until the TTl prior to the last TTl in which
a portion of the packet is transmitted over the data
channels, having the packet-receiving entity despread
only the assigned parameter signaling channel and also
decode the assigned parameter signaling channel; and
f) for the last TTl in which a portion of the packet is
transmitted over the shared data channels, having the
packet-receiving entity despread only the assigned
parameter signaling channel and also buffer the
assigned parameter signaling channel;
thereby providing that once a parameter signaling channel is assigned to the packet-receiving entity for
communicating a packet, the assigned parameter
signaling channel is used by the packet-receiving
entity in each subsequent TTl as long as there is at
least a portion of the packet in the subsequent TTl,

5

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20

25

30

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40

45

50

55

60

65

US 6,697,347 B2

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14

and when there is at least a portion of the packet in
be used to obtain parameters for decoding the data
the subsequent TTl, for the subsequent TTl the
provided on the shared data channels in the next TTl;
and
packet-receiving entity despreads and decodes only
one parameter signaling channel along with the data
b) means for having the packet-sending entity signal to
channels, and when there is not at least a portion of 5
the packet-receiving entity that the parameter signaling
the packet in the subsequent TTl, for the subsequent
channel is no longer assigned to the packet-receiving
TTl the packet-receiving entity despreads all the
entity, the signaling being provided prior to or in the
parameter signaling channels, and decodes either all,
last TTl in which a portion of the packet is transmitted
one, or none of the parameter signaling channels.
over the shared data channels.
16. A packet-sending entity for operation as part of a 10
21. A packet-sending entity as in claim 19, wherein the
packet communication system, the packet communication
packet-sending entity assigns a parameter signaling channel
system including the packet-sending entity and a packetvia information conveyed over a dedicated paging channel
receiving entity, the packet communication system using a
(DPCH), the information being conveyed in the TTl prior to
plurality of parameter signaling channels (SCCH), and also
the first TTl in which at least a portion of the packet is
using a plurality of shared data channels (SDCH), the packet
conveyed.
communication system operating according to a protocol in 15
22. A packet-sending entity as in claim 19, wherein the
which when packet data is to be transmitted from the
packet-sending entity assigns a parameter signaling channel
packet-sending entity to the packet-receiving entity, the
by indicating over a dedicated paging channel using a binary
communication between the packet-sending entity and the
indicator that the packet-receiving entity is being assigned a
packet-receiving entity occurs over one or more transmisparameter signaling channel, the binary indicator being first
sion time intervals (TTls), the packet sending-entity com- 20 conveyed in the TTl immediately preceding the first TTl in
prising:
which at least a portion of the packet is conveyed.
a) a parameter transmitting means, for having the packet23. A packet-sending entity as in claim 22, wherein, in
sending entity transmit to the packet-receiving entity at
combination with using a binary bit indicator in the dedicated paging channel, the packet-sending entity uses an error
least some of the parameters for decoding some or all
of the shared data channels using at least one of the 25 detection code for encoding the assigned parameter signaling channel, an error detection code that is in turn used
parameter signaling channels;
exclusively by the packet-receiving entity for which the
b) a data providing means, for having the packet-sending
parameter signaling channel is being assigned.
entity provide to the packet-receiving entity the data to
24. A packet-sending entity as in claim 22, wherein, in
be communicated using at least one of the shared data
channels according to the parameters provided on the at 30 combination with using a binary bit indicator in the dedicated paging channel, the packet-sending entity conveys an
least one parameter signaling channel; and
identifier of the packet-receiving entity being assigned a
c) a further parameter transmitting means, for having the
parameter signaling channel on the parameter signaling
packet-sending entity continue to use the same at least
channel being assigned.
one parameter signaling channel to transmit parameters
25. A packet-sending entity as in claim 19, wherein in the
for decoding any additional data transmitted on at least 35
TTl immediately preceding the TTl in which at least a
one of the shared data channels for the same packetportion of the packet is first conveyed, the packet-sending
receiving entity in the subsequent consecutive TTls.
entity uses an error detection code for encoding the assigned
17. The packet-sending entity of claim 16, wherein the
parameter signaling channel, an error detection code that is
parameter transmitting means is operable so that the packetin turn used exclusively by the packet-receiving entity for
sending entity transmits to the packet-receiving entity within 40 which the parameter signaling channel is being assigned.
a TTl at least some of the parameters for decoding some or
26. A packet-sending entity as in claim 19, wherein in the
all of the shared data channels within the next TTL
TTl immediately preceding the TTl in which at least a
18. The packet-sending entity of claim 17, wherein the
portion of the packet is first conveyed, the packet-sending
data providing means is operable so that the packet-sending
entity conveys, on the parameter signaling channel being
entity provides to the packet-receiving entity in the TTl 45 assigned, an identifier of the packet-receiving entity being
immediately following the TTl in which the parameter
assigned a parameter signaling channel.
27. A packet-sending entity as in claim 19, wherein the
signaling channel is transmitted the data to be communipacket-sending entity assigns a parameter signaling channel
cated using at least one of the shared data channels accordby indicating over a dedicated paging channel using a binary
ing to the parameters provided on the at least one parameter
50 indicator that the packet-receiving entity is being assigned a
signaling channel.
parameter signaling channel, the binary indicator being first
19. The packet-sending entity of claim 18, further comconveyed in the TTl immediately preceding the TTl immeprising:
diately preceding the first TTl in which at least a portion of
a) means for having the packet-sending entity indicate to
the packet is conveyed.
the packet-receiving entity that a parameter signaling
28. Apacket-sending entity as in claim 27, wherein, in the
channel is being assigned to the packet-receiving entity 55 TTl subsequent to the TTl in which the binary bit indicator
for one or more consecutive TTls sufficient in number
is conveyed on the dedicated paging channel, the packetto provide parameters for decoding the shared data
sending entity uses an error detection code for encoding the
channels until there is a cessation in the stream of data
assigned parameter signaling channel, an error detection
constituting the packet intended for the packetcode that is in turn used exclusively by the packet-receiving
receiving entity; and
60 entity for which the parameter signaling channel is being
b) means for having the packet-sending entity assign to
assigned.
the packet-receiving entity a parameter signaling chan29. Apacket-sending entity as in claim 27, wherein, in the
nel.
TTl subsequent to the TTl in which the binary bit indicator
20. The packet-sending entity of claim 18, further comis conveyed on the dedicated paging channel, the packetprising:
65 sending entity conveys, on the parameter signaling channel
a) means for having the packet-sending entity continue to
being assigned, an identifier of the packet-receiving entity
indicate that the same parameter signaling channel is to
being assigned a parameter signaling channel.

US 6,697,347 B2
15
30. A packet-receiving entity for receiving a packet from
a packet-sending entity via a packet communication system
including a plurality of parameter signaling channels
(SCCR) and a plurality of shared data channels (SDCR), the
communication system operating according to a protocol in 5
which, when a packet is to be transmitted from the packetsending entity to a packet-receiving entity, the packetsending entity provides an indication that the packet is to be
communicated to the packet-receiving entity, the communication between the packet-sending entity and the packet- 10
receiving entity occurring over one or more transmission
time intervals, the packet-receiving entity comprising:
a) means for having the packet-receiving entity despread
all the parameter signaling channels and decode a
predetermined subset of the parameter signaling channels until the packet-sending entity assigns a parameter 15
signaling channel to the packet-receiving entity,
wherein the predetermined subset of the parameter
signaling channels is either all, one, or none of the
parameter signaling channels;
b) means for having the packet-receiving entity interpret 20
an assignment of a parameter signaling channel to be an
assignment for the current TTl, and having the packetreceiving entity despread and decode the assigned
parameter signaling channel in the current TTl so as to
obtain parameter data from the parameter signaling 25
channel;
c) means for having the packet-receiving entity use the
parameter data in reading the content of the shared data
channels in the subsequent TTl;
30
d) means for having the packet-receiving entity monitor
information communicated by the packet-sending
entity so as to determine whether the next TTl includes
at least a portion of the packet;
e) means for having the packet-receiving entity despread 35
only the assigned parameter signaling channel and also
decode the assigned parameter signaling channel in
each TTl until the TTl prior to the last TTl in which a
portion of the packet is transmitted over the data
channels; and
40
f) means for having the packet-receiving entity despread
only the assigned parameter signaling channel and also
buffer the assigned parameter signaling channel for the
last TTl in which a portion of the packet is transmitted
over the shared data channels;
45
thereby providing a packet-receiving entity in which
once a parameter signaling channel is assigned to the
packet-receiving entity for communicating a packet,
the assigned parameter signaling channel is used by
the packet-receiving entity in each subsequent TTl as 50
long as there is at least a portion of the packet in the
subsequent TTl, and when there is at least a portion
of the packet in the subsequent TTl, for the subsequent TTl the packet-receiving entity despreads and
decodes only one parameter signaling channel along 55
with the data channels, and when there is not at least
a portion of the packet in the subsequent TTl, for the
subsequent TTl the packet-receiving entity
despreads all the parameter signaling channels, and
decodes either all, one, or none of the parameter 60
signaling channels.
31. A system, comprising:
a) a packet-sending entity, and
b) a packet-receiving entity, for receiving a packet from
the packet-sending entity via a packet communication 65
system including a plurality of parameter signaling
channels (SCCR) and a plurality of shared data chan-

16
nels (SDCR), the communication system operating
according to a protocol in which, when a packet is to be
transmitted from the packet-sending entity to a packetreceiving entity, the packet-sending entity provides an
indication that the packet is to be communicated to the
packet-receiving entity, the communication between
the packet-sending entity and the packet-receiving
entity occurring over one or more transmission time
intervals;
wherein the packet-receiving entity comprises:
al) a parameter transmitting means, for having the
packet-sending entity transmit to the packetreceiving entity at least some of the parameters for
decoding some or all of the shared data channels
using at least one of the parameter signaling channels;
a2) a data providing means, for having the packetsending entity provide to the packet-receiving entity
the data to be communicated using at least one of the
shared data channels according to the parameters
provided on the at least one parameter signaling
channel; and
a3) a further parameter transmitting means, for having
the packet-sending entity continue to use the same at
least one parameter signaling channel to transmit
parameters for decoding any additional data transmitted on at least one of the shared data channels for
the same packet-receiving entity in the subsequent
consecutive TTls;
and further wherein the packet-receiving entity comprises:
bl) means for having the packet-receiving entity
despread all the parameter signaling channels and
decode a predetermined subset of the parameter
signaling channels until the packet-sending entity
assigns a parameter signaling channel to the
packet-receiving entity, wherein the predetermined subset of the parameter signaling channels
is either all, one, or none of the parameter signaling channels;
b2) means for having the packet-receiving entity
interpret an assignment of a parameter signaling
channel to be an assignment for the current TTl,
and having the packet-receiving entity despread
and decode the assigned parameter signaling
channel in the current TTl so as to obtain parameter data from the parameter signaling channel;
b3) means for having the packet-receiving entity use
the parameter data in reading the content of the
shared data channels in the subsequent TTl;
b4) means for having the packet-receiving entity
monitor information communicated by the packetsending entity so as to determine whether the next
TTl includes at least a portion of the packet;
b5) means for having the packet-receiving entity
despread only the assigned parameter signaling
channel and also decode the assigned parameter
signaling channel in each TTl until the TTl prior
to the last TTl in which a portion of the packet is
transmitted over the data channels; and
b6) means for having the packet-receiving entity
despread only the assigned parameter signaling
channel and also buffer the assigned parameter
signaling channel for the last TTl in which a
portion of the packet is transmitted over the shared
data channels.

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