Core Wireless Licensing S.a.r.l. v. Apple, Inc.

Filing 1

COMPLAINT against Apple, Inc. ( Filing fee $ 350 receipt number 0540-3468392.), filed by Core Wireless Licensing S.a.r.l.. (Attachments: # 1 Civil Cover Sheet, # 2 Exhibit 1 - United States Patent No. 6,792,277, # 3 Exhibit 2 - United States Patent No. 7,606,910, # 4 Exhibit 3 - United States Patent No. 6,697,347, # 5 Exhibit 4 - United States Patent No. 7,447,181, # 6 Exhibit 5 - United States Patent No. 6,788,959, # 7 Exhibit 6 - United States Patent No. 7,529,271, # 8 Exhibit 7 - United States Patent No. 6,266,321, # 9 Exhibit 8 - United States Patent No. 6,978,143, # 10 Exhibit 9 - Nokias June 14, 2011 press release)(Hill, Jack)

EXHIBIT 7

111111

1111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111
US00626632IBI

United States Patent

(10)

Pehkonen et ai.

(12)

(45)

Patent No.:
US 6,266,321 Bl
Date of Patent:
Jui. 24, 2001

5,678,224
10/1997 Murtojarvi ........................... 455/326
5,731,772
3/1998 Mikkola et al. ..................... 341/118
5,751,761 * 5/1998 Gilhausen ............................ 375/146

(54)

METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING TWO
PARALLEL CHANNELS USING CODE
DIVISION AND AN APPARATUS REALIZING
THE METHOD

(75)

Inventors: Kari Pehkonen; Harri Lilja, both of
Oulu (FI)

(73)

Assignee: Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd., Espoo (FI)

( *)

Notice:

(21)

Appl. No.: 09/086,077

Motorola document entitled "High Speed Data Air Interface" Jan. 15, 1997 (56 pgs).
IEICE Trans, Commun., "Coherent Multicode DS-CDMA
Mobile Radio Access", Adachi et aI., vol. E79 B No.9, Sep.
1996, pp. 1316-1325.

(22)

Filed:

* cited by examiner

(30)

(58)

May 28,1998

Foreign Application Priority Data

May 29, 1997

(51)
(52)

Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this
patent is extended or adjusted under 35
U.S.c. 154(b) by 0 days.

(FI) ...................................................... 972278

Int. CI? ...................................................... H04J 13/04
U.S. CI. .......................... 370/206; 370/207; 370/209;
370/335
Field of Search ..................................... 370/320, 335,
370/342,441; 375/140, 146, 147
References Cited

(56)

U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
4,973,923
11/1990 Kuisma ................................ 332/117
5,103,459 * 4/1992 Gilhausen et al. ................... 370/206
5,124,672
6/1992 Kuisma ................................ 332/103
5,231,364
7/1993 Mucke .. ... ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ...... 332/105
5,311,151
5/1994 Vaisanen .. ... .... ... ... ... ... ... ...... 332/105
5,357,221
10/1994 Matero ................................. 332/123
5,371,481
12/1994 Tiittanen et al. . ... ... .... ... ... ... 332/103
5,392,460
2/1995 Mattila et al. ......................... 455/76
5,414,728
5/1995 Zehavi ................................. 375/200
5,446,422
8/1995 Mattila et al. ....................... 332/103
5,469,126
11/1995 Murtojarvi ........................... 332/105
7/1996 Leppanen ............................. 370/342
5,533,013
5,544,167 * 8/1996 Lucas et al. ......................... 370/342
1/1997 Wilson et al. . ... ... ... .... ... ... ..... 341/50
5,598,154

~>~~------~
40

45

FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
97837
WO 96/22639
WO 98/32263

4/1995 (FI).
7/1996 (WO).
7/1998 (WO).

OTHER PUBLICATIONS

Primary Examiner-Hassan Kizou
Assistant Examiner-Inder Pal Mehra
(74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Perman & Green, LLP
(57)

ABSTRACT

To simultaneously transmit data related to two channels
using code division
data related to a first channel (DTCH) are spread parallely
using a first spreading code (CI ) and a second spreading
code (C Q ),
data related to a second channel (PCCH) are spread
parallely using a first spreading code (CI ) and a second
spreading code (C Q ),
the power level of a signal representing said data related
to the second channel (PCCH) after the spreading is
changed (G) with respect to the power level of a signal
representing the data related to the first channel
(DTCH) after the spreading, and
a transmission is compiled from spread data related to the
first channel and spread data related to the second
channel the power level of which has been changed.
14 Claims, 7 Drawing Sheets

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US 6,266,321 B1
1

2

leaving 27 to block 28 where reference symbols 29 needed
for synchronising the receiver as well as the power control
(PC) symbols 30 are added to the symbol stream. A coding
element 31 performs spreading using PN2 code, which is
5 different from the aforementioned PNl, whereafter the timing of the lower code channel with respect to the higher one
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
is adjusted suitable by a delay element 32 before the symbol
1. Field of the Invention
stream is taken to the Q branch of the radio-frequency block
The invention relates in general to the transmission of
22 to produce a radio-frequency transmission together with
parallel channels in a code division multiple access system. 10 the higher code channel, to be taken to an antenna 23. The
In particular, the invention relates to the transmission of two
delay generated by the delay element 32 may also be 0, in
channels the data communications requirements of which
which case quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation is used.
differ from each other as regards e.g. the amount of data
transmitted or data integrity.
In a radio apparatus according to FIG. 1, it is possible to
use on the lower code channel, due to a lower bit rate, a
2. Prior Art
In their operation, terminals, such as mobile phones, in 15 lower power level than on the higher code channel, thus
saving electric power. In small-sized cellular radio system
cellular radio systems need to transmit both payload, or user,
terminals, power saving in transmission is advantageous
data and various control data which there are usually conboth to lengthen the discharge time of the batteries and to
siderably less than user data or which have different quality
limit the general noise level of the system. However, the
requirements as regards the integrity of transmitted infor- 20 arrangement according to FIG. 1 is not optimal from the
mation. Control and user data are transferred in logically
standpoint of using different power levels because of a
separate channels and it is known several methods for
power amplifier (not shown) in the radio frequency block 21
multiplexing those channels into a common physical radioand distortion occurring in it. RF amplifiers do not behave
frequency channel. It is usual to arrange the information
in a linear fashion when operated near the saturation region
transmitted by a radio apparatus into frames in which the 25 of the amplifier. Especially in the case of modulation methcontrol data and user data are located in temporally sepaods with wide amplitude variation the intermodulation prodrable frame components, i.e. multiplexed in the time
ucts generated in the amplifier should be reduced by operdomain. This kind of transmission method is poorly suited
ating the amplifier in a so-called backed-off mode, which
to so-called discontinuous transmission (DTX) if the transmeans the amplifier input power must be decreased commission of control data has to be continuous because of the 30 pared to the power that would drive the amplifier into
nature of said data. In discontinuous transmission, the transsaturation. The resulting decrease in output power is called
mission of user data is interrupted for the moments when
the output back-off (OBO). The bigger the OBO, the poorer
there is no actual information to be sent (e.g., when the user
the amplifier's efficiency which is calculated as the ratio of
of a mobile phone stops talking during a call). In code
RF power produced to DC power consumed. In the arrangedivision multiple access (CDMA) systems, however, it is 35 ment according to FIG. 1, the OBO is proportional to the
usually desirable to maintain the connection by always
power difference of the code channels so that decreasing the
sending at least some control data; applying DTX requires
power level of the lower code channel with respect to the
pulse-type transmission within a frame.
power level of the higher code channel increases the OBO.
In systems employing code division multiple access it is
OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION
known to process control data and user data in two different 40
code channels as shown in FIG. 1. At the same time, FIG. 1
An object of the present invention is to provide a method
also shows other known ways to combine different logic
and apparatus for transmitting two parallel logic channels
channels in one transmission. The arrangement according to
using code division with an efficiency better than in the prior
FIG. 1 is known e.g. from patent document FI 97837 which
art.
has the same applicant as this patent application. Line 10 45
The objects of the invention are achieved by using for the
represents a transmitted bit stream which is not very error
logic channels two spreading codes and in the radiocritical but in which a maximum of 10- 3 bit error ratio
frequency part an IQ modulation method wherein the signal
(BER) is allowed, and line 11 represents an error critical bit
of the first branch is produced as the sum of the spread
stream in which the BER has to be smaller than 10- 6 . In
signals of the different channels, and the signal of the second
order to achieve a better bit error ratio the bit stream of line 50 branch is produced as the difference of the spread signals of
11 is Reed-Solomon coded in block 12 and interleaved in
the different channels.
block 13. Bit streams from lines 10 and 11 are combined in
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
block 14 and certain tail bits are added to them in block 15
The communications device according to the invention is
whereafter the resulting combined bit stream is convolution
coded in block 16. Line 18, the bit stream of which is not 55 characterised in that it comprises
first spreading means for spreading data related to a first
error correction coded nor convolution coded, is then mulchannel using a first spreading code, and second
tiplexed in block 17 onto the same code channel. To achieve
spreading means for spreading said data related to the
the desired symbol rate, symbol repetition in block 19 and
first channel using a second spreading code,
interleaving in block 20 are used if necessary. Spreading is
carried out in a coding element 21 using PNI code, where- 60
third spreading means for spreading data related to a
after the resulting symbol stream is taken to the I branch of
second channel using said first spreading code, and
a radio-frequency block 22 to produce a radio-frequency
fourth spreading means for spreading said data related
transmission together with the lower code channel, to be
to the second channel using said second spreading
taken to an antenna 23.
code,
means for changing the power level of said data related to
Frame control header (FCH) bits carrying information on 65
the lower code channel are taken via line 24 to a coding
the second channel with respect to the power level of
data related to the first channel, and
block 25 and therefrom via symbol repetition 26 and interMETHOD FOR TRANSMITTING TWO
PARALLEL CHANNELS USING CODE
DIVISION AND AN APPARATUS REALIZING
THE METHOD

US 6,266,321 B1

3

4

combiner means to compile a transmission from spread
data related to the first channel and spread data related
to the second channel the gain of which has been
changed.
The invention is also directed to a communications system in which at least one transmitter apparatus meets the
characteristics listed above.
The invention is further directed to a transmission method
characterised in that
data related to a first channel are spread in parallel using
a first spreading code and a second spreading code,
data related to a second channel are spread in parallel
using said first spreading code and said second spreading code,
the power level of said data related to the second channel
is changed with respect to the power level of the data
related to the first channel, and
a transmission is compiled from spread data related to the
first channel and spread data related to the second
channel the gain of which has been changed.
The method according to the invention for coding two
channels uses two spreading codes such that the bit streams
of both channels are spread separately using a first code and
a second code. The first channel spread with the first code
and the second channel spread with the second code are
subtracted from each other, and the first channel spread with
the second code and the second channel spread with the first
code are added up. Prior to said summing and subtraction
operations the spread forms of the second channel are
multiplied by a power correction factor which is a real
number coefficient greater than zero. Signals obtained from
the summing and subtraction operations are taken to the
branches of an IQ type radio-frequency part, and the signals
obtained from the branches are summed and taken to an
antenna to be transmitted. Prior to the coding with said first
and second codes the bit streams of the channels may be
separately coded using e.g. so-called short codes so that the
short codes function as spreading codes proper and the first
and second codes can be used for signal scranbling. Other
known operations, such as interleaving, error correction
coding and grouping, may also be imposed on the bit
streams.

the invention and its preferred embodiments reference will
be made mainly to FIGS. 2a through 6. Like elements in the
Figures are denoted by like reference designators.
FIGS. 2a and 2b show two mutually alternative arrangements according to the invention for transmitting two parallel channels using code division. In this example, a first
channel contains user data and a second channel contains
control data. The first channel is called a dedicated traffic
channel (DTCH) and the second channel, a physical control
channel (PCCH). Names of the channels are exemplary only
and do not confine the application of the invention to any
particular communications system. For the invention, it is
irrelevant what kind of information is transmitted on the
channels or how the data transfer requirements of the
different channels differ from each other. The invention
allows dynamic changing of differences between the channels during the operation of the system.
The bit stream of the DTCH channel is taken to the
arrangement according to the invention through line 40 and
the bit stream of the PCCH channel through line 41. Line 42
represents a gain factor G, the meaning of which will be
discussed later on. A first code, represented by symbol CI , is
taken to the arrangement through line 43, and a second code,
represented by symbol C Q , is taken to the arrangement
through line 44. Codes CI and CQ can be e.g. long Gold
codes, which are known as such and the use of which is
known to one skilled in the art e.g. from the document
"Coherent Multicode DS-CDMA Mobile Radio Access" by
Adachi et aI., IEICE Trans. Commun. Vol. E79 B. No 9,
September 1996, pp. 1316-1325.
FIG. 2a shows the spreading of both the DTCH and the
PCCH channel using a separate so-called short code prior to
other operations related to the coding and modulation. In
block 45, the bit stream of the DTCH channel is spread with
a short code SCi and in block 46, the bit stream of the PCCH
channel is spread with a short code SCj . It should be noted
that the speed of the bit stream on the PCCH channel in bits
per second is generally lower than the speed of the bit stream
on the DTCH channel. If the symbol streams generated from
both bit streams in blocks 45 and 46 have identical symbol
rates, the so-called processing gain in block 46 can be
higher, i.e. it can employ more symbols per bit stream bit
than block 45.
Separate spreading as such according to blocks 45 and 46
is not essential for the invention. However, use of spreading
brings certain advantages in arranging multiple access in a
cellular radio system. When using a transmission arrangement according to FIG. 2a in terminals of a cellular radio
system, each terminal can be assigned short codes from
among mutually orthogonal or non-orthogonal codes to
distinguish between the parallel code channels transmitted
by the terminal. In addition, each terminal needs a short or
long code of its own so that a base station receiver can
distinguish between signals sent by different terminals.
Correspondingly, in downlink transmission each base
station can have long codes of its own so that signals sent to
terminals within a cell are distinguished using different short
codes. Associating short codes with blocks 45 and 46 does
not limit the invention but also long codes can be used in the
spreading represented by these blocks.
The symbol stream generated in block 45 from the bit
stream on the DTCH channel is taken to two parallel
branches and further to blocks 47 and 50. If the bit stream
on the DTCH channel is spread as shown in block 45 of FIG.
2a, the operations performed on the symbol stream with
codes CI and CQ in blocks 47 and 50 are called scrambling.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is described in more detail with reference
to the preferred embodiments presented by way of example
and to the attached drawing wherein
FIG. 1 shows a prior-art arrangement for transmitting
different channels,
FIGS. 2a and 2b show arrangements according to the
invention for transmitting different channels,
FIGS. 3a to 3c show constellation points produced by the
arrangement according to FIG. 2a or 2b,
FIG. 4 shows an arrangement for receiving a signal
formed in the manner according to FIG. 2a,
FIG. 5 shows the arrangements according to FIGS. 2a or
2b and 4 within a cellular radio system, and
FIG. 6 shows in the form of a flow diagram a preferred
embodiment of the method according to the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE
PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
Above in conjunction with the description of the prior art
reference was made to FIG. 1, so below in the description of

S

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

US 6,266,321 B1
5

6

Scrambling can be considered a special case of spreading in
elements, modulating elements, multipliers, adders, oscillawhich the bandwidth used does not grow any more but in
tor and phase shifter shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b are radiowhich the data contents of the symbol stream scrambled are
frequency parts which as such are known to one skilled in
divided pseudo-randomly in a manner determined by the
the art. In FIGS. 2a and 2b, the roles of the adders 57 and
(spreading) code used. If spreading according to blocks 45 5 58 are interchangeable, i.e. adder 57 can calculate the sum
and 46 is not used, the bit stream of the DTCH channel is
of the signals brought to it and adder 58 can calculate the
taken to blocks 47 and 50 as shown in FIG. 2b and spread
difference of the signals brought to it, which as such does not
affect the inventional idea realised by the apparatus.
in block 47 with code CI and in block 50 with code C Q .
Correspondingly, the PCCH channel bit stream or the symFIGS. 3a, 3b and 3c illustrate constellation points of a
bol stream generated from it in block 46 is taken to two 10 phase-modulated radio signal generated by the arrangement
parallel branches in which the bit stream is spread or the
according to FIG. 2a or 2b, i.e. possible end points of a
vector representing the signal and starting from the origin of
symbol stream is scrambled in block 48 with code CQ and
an IQ system of coordinates with values 0 (FIG. 3a), 0.5
in block 49 with code CI .
(FIG. 3b) and 1 (FIG. 3c) for the gain factor G. The scales
Blocks 51, 52, 53 and 54 perform a non-return-to-zero
conversion (a phase modulation method) between the bit 15 of the I and Q axes are suggestive and represent relative
power such that each interval between the scale marks
values included in the symbols generated in the spreading
represents the power level of one channel (say, the DTCH
and the corresponding positive or negative values. In mulchannel). The coordinates of the constellation points are
tipliers 55 and 56, the signals carrying the PCCH channel
generally (I+G, I-G), (I-G, I+G), (-I+G, I+G), (-I-G,
data are multiplied by a gain factor G, whereafter signals to
be taken to the I and Q branches of the radio-frequency part 20 I-G), (-I-G, -1+G), (-I+G, I-G), (I-G, -1+G) and (I+G,
-1 +G), when the power level of one channel is denoted by
are generated in adders 57 and 58. The signal taken to the I
1. In FIG. 3a, the gain factor G has the value 0 so that the
branch is the difference of the DTCH channel spread with
signal is formed solely on the basis of the DTCH channel.
code CI (or spread with code SCi and scrambled with code
Constellation points are reduced to four points which are (1,
CI ) and PCCH channel spread with code CQ (or spread with
code SCj and scrambled with code C Q ), where the latter is 25 1), (-1, 1), (-1, -1) and (1, -1). When the value of the gain
factor G starts to grow from zero toward one, each constelmultiplied with the gain factor G. Correspondingly, the
lation point in the graph of FIG. 3a is divided into two
signal taken to the Q branch is the sum of the DTCH channel
constellation points that are located in the same quadrant
spread with code CQ (or spread with code SCi and scrambled
symmetrically with respect to a diagonal intersecting the
with code CQ) and PCCH channel spread with code CI (or
spread with code SQj and scrambled with code CI ), where 30 origin and the further away from each other the higher the
value of the gain factor G. In FIG. 3b, the gain factor G has
the latter is multiplied with the gain factor G. The IQ
the value 0.5. When the gain factor G becomes 1 the
modulation performed in the radio-frequency part by means
constellation points are again reduced in accordance with
of a local oscillator 59, multiplier 60, phase shifter 61 and
FIG. 3c to four points which are (2, 0), (0, 2), (-2,0) and (0,
multiplier 62 is in accordance with the prior art. The I and
Q branch signals are combined in an adder 63 and taken to 35 -2).
The logic for determining the location of the constellation
an antenna 64 for transmission.
points can easily be generalised to apply to a situation
Multiplying the symbol streams generated from the
wherein the value of the gain factor G is greater than one.
PCCH channel by a gain factor G unequal to one produces
FIG. 3b can be understood such that it depicts the location
a power difference between the DTCH and PCCH channels.
If the gain factor G is between zero and one, the processing 40 of constellation points generally in a situation in which there
is a power difference between the signals representing the
gain imposed earlier on in block 46 on the PCCH channel
data related to the different channels. Then the channel with
higher than on the DTCH channel, and decreasing of power
the lower relative power replaces the PCCH channel in the
by gain factor G in blocks 55 and 56 cancel each other out,
logic described above and the channel with the higher
which means that in the whole arrangement the probable bit
error ratio of the PCCH channel remains unchanged even if 45 relative power replaces the DTCH channel.
In the arrangement according to the invention, the ratio of
the power of the channel is reduced by gain factor G.
Assuming that the PCCH channel bit stream speed remains
transmitter peak power to the average power remains almost
constant, the processing gain in block 46 must also remain
constant regardless of the power difference between the
channels. In the method according to the prior art (cf. FIG.
constant for the symbol rate of the symbol stream generated
from the PCCH channel to be the same as on the DTCH 50 1) the ratio of the peak power to the average power increases
channel. Then, however, the gain factor G of the PCCH
as the power difference increases so that the average power
channel can be used to alter the bit error ratio; if, e.g., it is
of the transmitter must be decreased lest components transmeasured that the bit error ratio in a connection between the
mitted at peak power become distorted because of saturation
of transmitter power amplifier. This makes efficiency poorer.
transmitting and receiving radio apparatus is too high, the
receiving apparatus can request the transmitting apparatus to 55
FIG. 4 is a simple block diagram of a receiver that can be
increase the gain factor G to reduce the bit error ratio. If the
used to receive, demodulate and decode a transmission
bit stream speed on the PCCH channel varies, the commuproduced by a transmitter according to FIG. 2a. A radio
nication characteristics on the PCCH channel can be modisignal received by an antenna 70 is taken to I and Q branches
fied in a versatile manner by selecting the processing gain
in the receiver where it is down-converted by means of
and gain factor G as desired.
60 mixers 71 and 72 as well as local oscillator 73 and 90-degree
phase shifter 74. The resulting signals are ND converted in
For simplicity, FIGS. 2a and 2b do not show any transmitter amplifiers and filters that do not affect the modulation
blocks 75 and 76, thus producing two parallel symbol
process proper. However, the use and placement of amplistreams. For despreading the symbol streams are taken to
matched filters or correia tors 77 and 78, both of which get
fiers and filters in a transmitter apparatus producing code
division transmission is generally known so that a person 65 as input the long spreading codes CI and CQ used by the
transmitter. The symbol stream decoded with code CI in a
skilled in the art can easily complete the block diagrams of
FIGS. 2a and 2b where required. The spread coding
first matched filter 77 and the symbol stream decoded with

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code CQ in a second matched filter 78 are summed in an
mitter apparatus or otherwise improve the chances of erroradder 79, producing a DTCH channel symbol stream which
free reception of the signal. In step 118, the information
is taken to a matched filter 80 to remove the spreading
conveyed in the form of bit stream is made available to the
according to the short code SCi' Correspondingly, adder 81
user e.g. as sound or pictures, and in step 119 the control data
calculates the difference of the symbol stream decoded with 5 are utilised in the operation of the receiving apparatus.
code CQ in the first matched filter 77 and the symbol stream
The arrangements according to FIGS. 5 and 6 can employ
decoded with code CI in the second matched filter 78,
discontinuous transmission wherein a mobile phone, for
producing a PCCH channel symbol stream which is taken to
example, functioning as a terminal 100 will not send user
data formed on the basis of the audio signal when a
a matched filter 82 to remove the spreading according to the
10 connection exists but the user is silent. However, to ensure
short code SCj .
uninterrupted transmission of control data it continuously
The block diagram shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to that
sends PCCH channel information. Then the transmitter of
shown in FIG. 2a in that FIG. 4 does not show the transthe terminal need not be continually switched on and off,
mitters and filters which as such are obvious to a person
thus eliminating glitches in the transmitter as well as radioskilled in the art and which are of no significance to the
frequency interference around the terminal. It is also easier
demodulation and decoding process proper. If the transmit15 for the receiver in the base station to stay synchronised to the
ter is in accordance with FIG. 2b, i.e. it does not employ bit
received radio transmission if the connection is not interstream spreading before the bit streams are divided into two
mittently cut off because of the pulse-like nature of the
branches, blocks 80 and 82 can be left out of the receiver
transmission. Simulations have proved that the OBO of the
depicted in FIG. 4.
power amplifier in the transmitting radio apparatus in the
FIG. 5 shows an exemplary arrangement of transmitters 20 arrangement according to the invention is nearly indepenand receivers according to the invention in a cellular radio
dent of the power difference of the DTCH and PCCH
system comprising terminals 100 and base stations 101. A
channels at least with power difference values from zero to
terminal includes at least one transmitter 102 according to
nine decibels, so the efficiency of the transmitter power
the invention and at least one receiver 103 according to the
amplifier remains good even with a power difference of one
invention and a basic element 104 which in a terminal such 25 decade between the channels.
as a mobile phone includes known functions such as audio
The transmission arrangement according to the invention
signal conversion to digital form, transmitter branch channel
may in one embodiment comprise two parallel gain factors,
encoding, receive branch channel decoding and conversion
the first of which is used to adjust the relative power level
of received digital signal into an audio signal as well as a
of a signal representing data related to a first channel, and the
control block and the necessary memory and user interface 30
second of which is used to adjust the relative power level of
functions used for controlling the operation of the terminal.
a signal representing data related to a second channel. In an
A base station 101 may include combined transmitter and
arrangement realised using one gain factor, the gain factor
receiver apparatuses employing complex spreading accordcan also be used to multiply the signal representing data
ing to the invention and QPSK modulation and combining in
related to the first channel instead of the arrangement
different ways processing of signals related to several simul- 35
described above where the signal representing data related to
taneous connections. FIG. 5 shows a base station 101 having
the second channel is multiplied by the gain factor. In the
one common transmission antenna 105 and one common
block diagrams shown in FIGS. 2a and 2b this would mean
reception antenna 106 to which it is coupled several transthat multipliers 55 and 56 would be placed between blocks
mitter apparatuses 102 and receiver apparatuses 103 accord51 and 57 and blocks 54 and 58. Then there would be a direct
ing to FIGS. 2 and 4. Above it was discussed the use of 40
connection from block 52 to block 57 and direct connection
different spreading codes in a terminal and base stations to
from block 53 to block 58, and between blocks 51 and 57
distinguish between simultaneous radio connections. The
and blocks 54 and 58 there would be a multiplier in which
base station 101 also has a basic element 107 which comthe signals coming from blocks 51 and 54 would be multiprises known functions for generating bit streams sent to
plied by a gain factor G.
users, processing bit streams received from users, managing
45
What is claimed is:
the two-way communications between the base station and
1. A communications device for the simultaneous transthe rest of the communications network 108 as well as for
mission of data related to a first channel and data related to
controlling the operation of the base station 101.
a second channel using code division, comprising:
FIG. 6 illustrates an advantageous method for generating
first spreading means for spreading data related to the first
a radio transmission in the manner according to the inven- 50
channel using a predetermined first spreading code,
tion and for receiving it. Step 110 comprises the generation
second spreading means for spreading said data related to
of a bit stream to be transmitted. The bit stream may
the first channel using a predetermined second spreadrepresent voice, pictures, data or a combination of those, and
ing code,
it is generated in a known manner. In step 111, control data
third spreading means for spreading data related to the
are generated for the transmission; the PCCH channel dis- 55
second channel using said first spreading code,
cussed above provides an example of this. Step 112 comfourth spreading means for spreading said data related to
prises complex spreading and QPSK modulation according
the second channel using said second spreading code,
to FIG. 2 using a gain factor G in the control data processing.
means for changing the power level of a signal representIn step 113 the transmitter apparatus transmits the radioing the data related to the second channel after the
frequency signal generated and in step 114 the receiver 60
spreading with respect to the power level of a signal
apparatus receives it. Step 115 comprises signal demodularepresenting the data related to the first channel after
tion and despreading in accordance with FIG. 4. In step 116,
the spreading, and
the integrity of the received data is verified in a known
manner, e.g. using checksum calculation, and, if necessary,
combiner means to compile a transmission from spread
a retransmission request 117 is sent to the transmitter 65
data related to the first channel and spread data related
apparatus. The request may also be accompanied by an
to the second channel the power level of which has
instruction to increase the gain factor G used by the transbeen changed, said combiner means comprising:

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means for calculating the difference between data
third spreading means for spreading data related to a
related to a first channel spread with a first spreading
second channel using said first spreading code, fourth
spreading means for spreading said data related to the
code, and data related to a second channel, spread
with a second spreading code and the power level of
second channel using said second spreading code,
which has been changed, and means for calculating 5
means for changing the power level of said data related to
the sum of data related to the first channel, spread
the second channel with respect to the power level of
with the second spreading code, and data related to
data related to the first channel, and
the second channel, spread with the first spreading
combiner means to compile a transmission from spread
code and the power level of which has been changed.
data related to the first channel and spread data related
2. The communications device of claim 1, wherein said 10
to the second channel the power level of which has
combiner means further comprises:
been changed, said combiner means comprising:
first adding means for calculating the difference between
means for calculating the difference between data
data related to a first channel, spread with a first
related to a first channel, spread with a first spreading
spreading code, and data related to a second channel,
code, and data related to a second channel, spread
spread with a second spreading code and the power
with a second spreading code and the power level of
level of which has been changed,
15
which has been changed, and
means for calculating the sum of data related to the first
a first mixer to multiply said difference by a certain first
channel, spread with the second spreading code, and
oscillation signal,
data related to the second channel, spread with the
second adding means for calculating the sum of data
first spreading code and the power level of which has
related to the first channel, spread with the second 20
been changed.
spreading code, and data related to the second channel,
8. A method for simultaneously transmitting data related
spread with the first spreading code and the power level
to two channels using code division, comprising the steps of:
of which has been changed,
spreading data related to a first channel in parallel using
a phase shifter to generate a second oscillation signal from
a first spreading code and a second spreading code,
said first oscillation signal by performing a 90-degree 25
spreading data related to a second channel in parallel
phase shift,
using said first spreading code and said second spreada second mixer to multiply said sum by said second
ing code,
oscillation signal, and
changing the power level of said data related to the second
combining means to combine a signal produced by said
channel with respect to the power level of the data
first mixer and a signal produced by said second mixer. 30
related to the first channel, and
3. The communications device of claim 1, further comcompiling a transmission from spread data related to the
prising fifth spreading means for spreading said data related
first channel and spread data related to the second
to the first channel using a predetermined third spreading
channel the power level of which has been changed,
code before said data related to the first channel are spread
said compiling step comprising the substeps of:
using other spreading codes, and sixth spreading means for 35
calculating the difference between data related to a first
spreading said data related to the second channel using a
channel, spread with a first spreading code, and data
predetermined fourth spreading code before said data related
related to a second channel, spread with a second
to the second channel are spread using other spreading
spreading code and the power level of which has
codes.
been changed, and
4. The communications device of claim 1, further com- 40
calculating the sum of data related to the first channel,
prising means, within said means for changing the power
spread with the second spreading code, and data
level of a signal, for providing a gain factor to adjust the
related to the second channel, spread with the first
relative power level of a signal representing data related to
spreading code and the power level of which has
the second channel.
been changed.
5. The communications device of claim 1, further com- 45
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the step of compiling
prising means, within said means for changing the power
a transmission further comprises the substeps of:
level of a signal, for providing a gain factor to adjust the
calculating the difference between the data related to the
relative power level of a signal representing data related to
first channel, spread with the first spreading code, and
the first channel.
the data related to the second channel, spread with the
6. The communications device of claim 1, further com- 50
second spreading code, the power level of which has
prising means, within said means for changing the power
been changed,
level of a signal, for providing two parallel gain factors, the
multiplying said difference by a certain first oscillation
first of which is to adjust the relative power level of a signal
signal,
representing data related to the first channel, and the second
calculating the sum of the data related to the first channel,
of which is to adjust the relative power level of a signal 55
spread with the second spreading code, and the data
representing data related to the second channel.
related to the second channel, spread with the first
7. A radio communications system for transferring data
spreading code, the power level of which has been
between terminals and a base station on a multitude of
changed,
channels using code division, wherein each terminal and
each base station comprises at least one transmitter and at 60
generating a second oscillation signal from said first
least one receiver, said radio communications system comoscillation signal by performing a 90-degree phase
prising within at least one transmitter
shift,
first spreading means for spreading data related to a first
multiplying said sum by said second oscillation signal,
channel using a predetermined first spreading code,
and
second spreading means for spreading said data related to 65
combining said difference multiplied by the first oscillathe first channel using a predetermined second spreadtion signal and said sum multiplied by the second
ing code,
oscillation signal.

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10. The method of claim 8, wherein said data related to the
14. A method for simultaneously transmitting data related
first channel are spread using a predetermined third spreadto two channels using code division, comprising the steps of:
ing code before they are spread using other spreading codes,
spreading data related to a first channel in parallel using
and said data related to the second channel are spread using
a first spreading code and a second spreading code,
a predetermined fourth spreading code before they are 5
spreading data related to a second channel in parallel
spread using other spreading codes.
using said first spreading code and said second spread11. The method of claim 8, wherein, for changing the
power level of said data related to the second channel with
ing code,
respect to the power level of the data related to the first
changing the power level of said data related to the second
channel, the relative power level of a signal representing 10
channel with respect to the power level of the data
data related to the second channel is adjusted by a gain
related to the first channel, and
factor.
compiling a transmission from spread data related to the
12. The method of claim 8, wherein, for changing the
first channel and spread data related to the second
power level of said data related to the second channel with
channel the power level of which has been changed;
respect to the power level of the data related to the first 15
channel, the relative power level of a signal representing
and wherein the compiled transmission consists of consecudata related to the first channel is adjusted by a gain factor.
tive symbols, each of which takes a value from a set of
13. The method of claim 8, wherein for changing the
allowed values represented as a group of constellation
power level of said data related to the second channel with
points, said constellation points being situated in the four
respect to the power level of the data related to the first 20
quadrants of an IQ plane so that in each quadrant the
channel, the relative power level of a signal representing
constellation points lie symmetrically with respect to a
data related to the first channel is adjusted by a first gain
diagonal intersecting the origin.
factor and the relative power level of a signal representing
data related to the second channel is adjusted by a second
gain factor.
* * * * *