Viacom International, Inc. v. Youtube, Inc.

Filing 126

APPENDIX, on behalf of Appellant Black Entertainment Television, LLC, Comedy Partners, Country Music Television, Inc., Paramount Pictures Corporation and Viacom International, Inc., FILED. Service date 12/10/2010 by CM/ECF. [165101] [10-3270]

A-301
225 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 15:14:05 15:14:09 15:14:11 15:14:13 15:14:17 15:14:22 15:14:24 15:14:24 15:14:27 15:14:30 15:14:35 15:14:36 15:14:40 15:14:42 15:14:47 15:14:50 15:14:50 15:14:52 15:14:54 15:15:02 15:15:05 15:15:06 15:15:08 15:15:09

S CH MI DT , ERIC doesn't make any sense." Th a t's wh at I 'm - - t ha t' s

w ha t I' m comm un i ca ti ng t o hi m . MS. FORSHEIT: A Q A Yeah. Okay. So I don't take a position on the details Q. The Google Video strategy?

They're losing.

there, so -Q And do you recall ever telling Mr. Eun, on

any occasion, that Google Video was being outmaneuvered by YouTube? MR. MANCINI: THE WITNESS: t ha t in t his e- m ai l. Objection; lacks foundation. W e ll , yo u ca n s ee t ha t I sa y "My issue is that the team is

reacting to others rather than driving a new strategy, and I want to see a compelling differentiated strategy." That's synonymous with a "yes" to your question. MS. FORSHEIT: Q. D id t ha t c ause y ou t o

re-evaluate the copyright strategy that Google Video had adopted? MR. MANCINI: and objection to form. THE WITNESS: No recollection of that. Objection; lacks foundation;

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 805 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022 [phone]

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226 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 15:15:12 15:15:20 15:15:22 15:15:26 15:15:29 15:15:31 15:15:31 15:15:33 15:15:37 15:15:38 15:15:39 15:15:43 15:15:48 15:15:53 15:15:57 15:16:14 15:16:17 15:16:19 15:16:22 15:16:25 15:16:28 15:16:30 15:16:30 15:16:32

S CH MI DT , ERIC MS. FORSHEIT: Q. And as head of the

company, is it your testimony today that you don't recall any concerns at the time of the acquisition of YouTube about the extent of copyright infringement occurring on YouTube? MR. MANCINI: O b je ct io n to t h e

characterization of the testimony and to the extent it seeks communications with counsel. i ns tr uc t not to an sw er . THE WITNESS: said earlier. I believe that's not what I Therefore,

I believe what I said was I was aware

from public reports of the general question prior to the acquisition. privileged answer. MS. FORSHEIT: recall -- strike that. Q I assume that since you don't know, as you I assume that since you don't And anything else would be a legally

sit here today, what Premier League is, that you don't recall ever having discussions about possibly entering into any kind of content deal with Premier League? MR. MANCINI: speculation. THE WITNESS: That is correct. I don't Objection; calls for

recall any -- I don't recall anything about such a

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 805 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022 [phone]

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Schapiro Exhibit 135

A-304
Aggregate number of works in the soundtrack database from inception
Year Month Month
Q.uantit~

Total

2006 2007

2008

2009

12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

9 55 436 405 19959 22216 2630 1718 2373 2822 720 382 1187 1889 7063 2118 6040 3677 1641 5018 2721 1654 1083 1538 881 786 9563 1214 1025 2064 2314 20477 602 891

9 64 500 905 20864 43080 45710 47428 49801 52623 53343 53725 54912 56801 63864 65982 72022 75699 77340 82358 85079 86733 87816 89354 90235 91021 100584 101798 102823 104887 107201 127678 128280 129171

I

~ -/0·00\ l ~. \~~C\O HOW~il.O CSR 983Il

- \lBlTA .EXH l NO.
I

\~£"(rue..-

-

A-305
Top 10 content owners from inception to present
Supplier MTVN Viacom FP Endemol NBCU Fox CanalPlus Viacom DVD Disney Fox DVD WBDVD WB Grand Total

Total

91100 15074 4695 4368 4173 3475 2750 1643 1249 615 29 129171

A-306
N u m b e r of works by content owner by date since soundtrack inception
Supplier CanalPlus CanalPlus CanalPlus CanalPlus Canal Plus CanalPlus Canal Plus Canal Plus CanalPlus CanalPlus Canal Plus Canal Plus Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Disney Endemol Endemol Endemol Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Year Month Quantity

2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007

9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 5 6 7 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

4 593 415 459 383 467 528 270 46 19 232 59 24 13 87 216 279 22 73 34 12 70 240 8 30 37 74 1 119 82 44 97 30 11 27 8 5 1851 2145 699 171 192 319 305 223 201 241 174 529

A-307
Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox Fox DVD Fox DVD Fox DVD MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN MTVN NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU
2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2007 2008 2008 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2006 2007 2007 2007 2007 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 2 5 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 4 7 8 9 12 1 2 3 4 105 37 86 66 57 135 95 163 30 42 99 49 51 66 90 80 76 38 320 119 14 447 757 45 1 16963 20778 2012 1036 1835 1148 97 2 982 3986 1422 3496 1785 665 4721 1163 826 7591 397 19365 31 798 9 55 435 405 225

A-308
NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU NBCU
Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom Viacom DVD DVD DVD DVD DVD DVD DVD DVD DVD FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP FP

2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2009 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2009 2009 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2007 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 4 5 7 8 11 4 5 2 8 4 6 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

151 179 123 32 81 224 34 66 92 105 366 98 211 191 146 113 32 94 60 70 40 114 129 181 61 101 66 64 15 1032 1082 38 4 22 17 366 41 148 1544 33 1392 228 55 143 688 2105 210 1736 1141 410 56 1274

A-309
Viacom FP Viacom FP Viacom FP Viacom FP Viacom FP Viacom FP Viacom FP WB WB WBDVD

2008 2008 2008 2008 2009 2009 2009 2007 2008 2008

9 10 11 12 1 2 3 10 5 4

732 317 890 302 193 1202 423 27 2 615

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Schapiro Exhibit 136

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1

U N I T ED S T AT E S D IS T R I CT C O U R T F O R TH E S OU T HE R N D I S T R I C T O F NE W Y OR K

V I A C OM I N TE R NA T IO N A L I N C . , C O ME D Y P A R T NE R S , C O UN T RY M U SI C T E L E VI S I O N, IN C ., P A RA M O U N T P I C T UR E S CO R PO R AT I O N , a n d B L A CK E N T E RT A I N ME N T T EL E V I SI O N L L C , P l a i nt i f f s, vs. Y O U T UB E , IN C ., YO U T U BE , L L C , a n d GO O G L E, IN C ., D e f e nd a n t s.

) ) ) ) ) C a se N o .

) 1:07CV0210 3 ) ) ) )

_ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _) V I D E OT A P E D D EP O SI T I O N O F L E E L' A RC HE V ES Q UE N E W YO R K , N E W Y OR K T h u r sd a y , F e br u ar y 1 8, 2 0 1 0

R E P O RT E D BY : E R I C A R U G GI E RI , C S R , R P R J O B NO : 1 87 5 3

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2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

F e br u a ry 1 8 , 2 01 0 9 : 22 a .m .

V I DE O T AP ED D EP OS I T IO N O F L EE L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E, h e l d at t he o f f ic es of M a ye r Br ow n , 1 67 5 Br oa d w ay , N e w Yo r k, N e w Y o rk , p u rs ua n t t o n o ti ce , be fo r e Er i c a L . R u g gi er i , R eg i s te re d Pr of e s si on a l R e po r t er a n d N ot a r y Pu b l ic o f th e S ta te o f N e w Y o rk .

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

APPEARANCES F O R T H E LE A D P LA I N TI FF S AN D P R OS PE C TI VE C L AS S : J E NN E R & B L O CK , L L P BY: L UK E C . P LA T Z ER , E S Q.

1 0 99 N ew Y o r k Av e n ue , N W S u it e 90 0 W a sh i n gt on , DC 2 0 0 01 -4 4 1 2 ( 2 02 ) 63 9- 6 0 00 L p la t z er @j e n ne r. c o m

F O R T H E DE F E ND AN T S Y OU T U BE , I N C. , Y O UT U B E, L L C a nd G OO GL E , I NC . : M A YE R BR OW N , L LP BY: B RI AN W IL LE N , E SQ . J A SO N I. K I R SC HN E R , ES Q . 1 6 75 B ro ad w a y N e w Y o rk , N e w Yo r k 1 00 1 9 ( 2 12 ) 50 6- 2 5 00 B w il l e n@ ma y e rb ro w n .c om J k ir s c hn er @ m ay er b r ow n. c o m

A L SO P RE SE N T : M A NU E L A BR E U , Vi d e og ra p h er

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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94 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11:08:15 11:08:03 11:07:43 11:07:24 11:07:15

L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E n u mb e r V IA 0 2 07 28 9 6 , ma r k ed f o r i d en t i fi ca t i on , a s o f t h is d a t e. ) A. Q. is? A. Q. No , I do n' t kn ow . So t h i s is a n e- m a il , th e on e Ok ay . Do y o u k no w wh o V a nc e Ik e z oy e

I ' m l o ok in g at i s at t h e b ot t o m of t h e f i rs t pa ge . I t' s an e - m ai l f r om C h r i s

M a xc y to V a n ce ik e z oy e@ A u di bl e m ag ic . co m , d a te d De ce m b er 5 t h , 20 0 6 , cc ' i ng A d am C a ha n . An d th e e - ma il s ay s, " Hi , V a n ce , I

w a nt e d t o i n tr od u c e yo u to C a h an a t V i ac o m ." D o es t hi s e - ma il s ug ge s t t ha t C h ri s Ma xc y fr om Y ou Tu b e w as i nt ro d uc in g A d am C ah an a t Vi a c om t o Au di b l e Ma g ic ? A. It s e e ms - - th at ' s a p er s o na l T h a t' s, y ou k n o w, C h ri s I d on ' t kn o w

i n tr o d uc ti o n .

i n tr o d uc in g Va nc e an d A d am .

i f t h a t' s t h e in t r od uc t i on c o m pa ny to t h e c o mp a n y or i t' s a pe rs o n al i n t ro du c ti on . Q. Do y o u k no w wh et h e r ei t h e r

M r . C a ha n o r J oe S im on o r Ni c k R oc k w e ll

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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95 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11:09:44 11:09:28 11:09:10 11:08:55 11:08:40

L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E h a d h a d an y de al i n gs w i t h Au d i bl e M ag ic p r io r to D e c em be r of 2 0 0 6? A. Q. I do n ' t kn o w . In D e c em be r 20 06 A ud ib l e M ag i c ' s

t e ch n o lo gy w as f i n ge rp r i nt -b a s ed t e ch n o lo gy ? A. Q. Ye s. Wa s i t V ia c o m' s u n de rs t a nd in g ,

i n D e c em be r of 2 0 0 6, t h a t Au d i bl e M ag ic m a in t a in ed a d at a b as e t h at c o n ta in e d v a ri o u s fi n g er pr i n ts t h a t ha d be en p r ov i d ed b y co nt e n t ow n e rs ? A. It c o n ta in e d a f i n ge rp r i nt

d a ta b a se , y e s. Q. In D e c em be r of 2 0 0 6, d o y o u kn o w

w h at k in ds o f fi n g er pr i n ts w e r e in Au di b l e M a gi c ' s fi n g er pr i n t da t a ba se s ? A. It w a s p ri m a ri ly m us ic a t th at

p o in t , I b e l ie ve . Q. Do y o u k no w , a s o f D ec em b e r of

2 0 06 , wh et h e r th e r e we r e a ny m ov ie st ud i o s o r t e l ev is i o n st u d io s t h at h a d p ro v id ed c o nt e n t to A ud ib l e M ag i c f or f i ng e r pr in t i ng ?

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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96 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11:10:36 11:10:23 11:10:12 11:10:01 11:09:50

L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E A. I do n ' t kn o w f or s ur e, b u t I

b e li e v e th a t t he y ha d s t ar te d to c r ea te s o un d tr ac k da ta b a se a t th at p oi nt . Q. Ca n y o u id e n ti fy a ny m o v i e

s t ud i o , te l e vi si o n s tu d i o th a t h ad p r ov i d ed c o n te nt t o Au d i bl e M a gi c t o be f i ng e r pr in t e d in D ec em b e r of 2 00 6? A. No . M R . P L AT ZE R : Th i s i s a st an d i ng

o b je c t io n h e re , b u t as I h av e e x pr e s se d, w e be l i ev e t h is w h o le l i ne o f q u e st io n i ng i s ou ts i d e th e sc op e o f t h e d e po si t i on t o p ic . M R . W I LL EN : I t' s sq ua r e ly

w i th i n t he d ep os i t io n t o pi c, b ut w e w i ll g o on , an d y o u ca n no te y o u r o b je c t io n. Q. So i n De ce m b er o f 20 06 , w a s

V i ac o m a wa r e t ha t th er e we re a ny c o nt en t o w ne r s , ot h e r th a n r ec o r d la b e ls o r m us i c p u bl i s he rs , th at h ad p r o vi de d co nt e nt t o A u di b l e Ma g i c fo r fi ng e r pr in t i ng ? A. Q. I do n ' t kn o w . Yo u w e re n' t af fi r m at iv e l y aw a re ,

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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97 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11:11:31 11:11:18 11:11:06 11:10:54 11:10:47

L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E i n D e c em be r of 2 0 0 6, t h a t co n t en t o wn er s o t he r th an r ec or d la be l s a nd m us ic p u bl i s he rs h ad p r o vi de d fi ng e r pr in t s t o A u di b l e Ma g i c, w e r e yo u ? M R . P L AT ZE R : F o rm . Ob j e ct io n to t h e

V ag u e a s t o " yo u , " as t o

w h et h e r yo u me an M r. L ' A rc he v e sq ue . M R . W I LL EN : M R . P L AT ZE R : o b je c t io n. A. p l ea s e ? Q. Yo u s a id y o u d id n ' t kn o w o ne w a y So rr y . I m e a n Vi a c om . An d re pe a t t he

Ou ts i d e th e sc op e . Th e qu es t i on a g a i n ,

o r a n o th er w he th e r c on t e nt o w n er s o th er t h an r ec or d la be l s o r m u si c p u bl is h er s h a d p r ov i d ed c o n te nt t o Au d i bl e M a gi c f or f i ng e r pr in t i ng i n De ce m b er o f 20 06 ? A. I do n ot k n o w if w e kn ew , in

D e ce m b er 2 0 0 6, o f th at b ei ng t he c a se o r n o t. Q. Ok ay . D o y o u kn o w , si tt i n g he r e

t o da y , e it h e r be c a us e o f y ou r pr ep a ra ti o n f o r t h e de p o si ti o n o r i n de pe n d en tl y , w h et h e r, i n De ce m b er o f 20 06 , an y m ov ie

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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98 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11:12:50 11:12:30 11:12:11 11:11:58 11:11:40

L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E s t ud i o s or t el ev i s io n s t ud io s ha d p ro vi d e d c o nt e n t to A ud ib l e M ag i c f or f i ng e r pr in t i ng ? A. Q. I do n ' t kn o w . As o f De ce m b er o f 20 06 , h a d

V i ac o m p ro v i de d a n y co n t en t t o A ud i bl e M a gi c fo r f i ng er p r in ti n g ? A. Q. No . So i n De ce m b er 2 0 0 6 th e r e we re

n o V i a co m- r e la te d fi ng e r pr in t s i n a ny o f A u di b l e Ma g i c' s d a ta ba s e s? A. Q. Th at ' s c or r e ct . In D e c em be r of 2 0 0 6, w e r e an y o f

V i ac o m 's o w n w eb s i te s u s in g A u di bl e M ag i c t o f i l te r u s er -s u b mi tt e d c on t e nt ? A. Q. No . Di d V i ac om - - ex c u se m e - - d id

V i ac o m t es t Au di b l e Ma g i c' s t e ch no l og y ? A. Vi ac o m , I b e li ev e th er e w a s an

o n go i n g in t e ra ct i o n wi t h A ud i b le M a gi c , a s f a r a s i mp l e me nt a t io n o p ti on s , i n st a l la ti o n o pt i o ns , c o nf ig u r at io n o p ti o n s, t h a t di d ta ke p la ce . M R . W I LL EN : L et ' s a ct u a ll y l o ok

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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99 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11:13:49 11:13:40 11:13:22 11:13:05 11:13:15

L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E a t a d oc um e n t. E x hi b i t 11 . ( L 'A r c he ve s q ue E x h ib it 1 1, A u di b l e Ma g i c te s t l ic e n se a g re e m en t, B at es n um be r AM 0 0 3 81 1, m a rk e d f or i de nt i f ic at i o n, a s of t h is d at e. ) M R . W I LL EN : T hi s is a d oc um e n t T h is w i l l be

p r od u c ed b y Au di b l e Ma g i c, b e a ri ng B a te s nu mb e r A M 0 0 38 11 . A nd i t' s

d e sc r i be d a s a n A u di bl e Ma gi c te st l i ce n s e ag r e em en t . A. Q. A. Q. Ok ay . Ha ve y ou s e e n th i s b ef o r e ? I do n ' t re c a ll s e e in g i t , no . Al l r i gh t. We ll , ju st t a k e a

q u ic k lo ok a t it . A. Q. Ok ay . Ar e y o u aw a r e of t he e xi s t en ce

o f t h i s te s t l ic e n se a g r ee me n t , i n de p e nd en t l y of j us t s e ei ng t hi s d o cu m e nt ? A. Q. No , n o . Th e d a te o f th is d oc um e n t is t h e

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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109 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11:27:19 11:27:10 11:26:58 11:26:40 11:26:21

L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E q u ar t e r 20 0 7 ? A. It w o u ld h a v e be e n i n th a t

s e co n d q ua r t er t i m e fr a m e. Q. We re t he re p ar ti c u la r t y pe s o f

w o rk s th at V ia co m wa s p r ov id i n g to Au di b l e M a gi c by m e a ns o f th e M R SS f e e ds ? A. Th at ' s t he o n- li n e c on t e nt .

T h at ' s c on t e nt t h a t we h av e g o ne o n to o u r w e bs i t es . Q. So d o yo u k n ow t h e f ir st d at e o n

w h ic h fi ng e r pr in t s o f V i ac om c on te n t a c tu a l ly a p p ea re d in a n y o f A u di bl e M a gi c ' s da t a ba se s ? A. No , I do n' t kn ow w he n th e

f i ng e r pr in t s , yo u kn ow , wo ul d ha ve be en p r oc e s se d a n d ad d e d to t ha t d a ta ba s e o f fi c i al ly . Q. Wa s t h er e s o me l a g b et w e e n w he n

V i ac o m m ad e th e c o nt en t av ai l a bl e a nd w h e n i t a c t ua ll y ap pe a r ed a s a fi n g er pr i nt i n t h e A u di bl e Ma gi c sy st e m ? M R . P L AT ZE R : f o r s p ec ul a t io n. A. Th er e wo ul d ha ve b ee n a m i ni ma l Ob j e ct io n . Ca l l s

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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110 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11:28:26 11:28:12 11:28:03 11:27:49 11:27:31

L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E l a g, m in im u m t yp e la g. Bu t w e i mp l e m en t e d

a re c e ip t s y st em a t so m e p oi n t a ft e r th a t , w h ic h , y ou k no w, g av e u s n ot i f ic at i on o f w h en t he y w e re g o i ng i n th e d a ta ba s e, w h e n t h ey w er e f i ng er p r in te d . Q. So a s of M a r ch o f 20 07 , t h er e

w e re n o Vi a c om f i n ge rp r i nt s t h at w e re i n a n y o f A ud i b le M a g ic 's d at ab a s es , c or re c t ? M R . P L AT ZE R : f o r s p ec ul a t io n. A. c a se . Q. Wh en t he V i a co m f i ng er p r in ts I un d e rs ta n d t ha t to b e t h e Ob j e ct io n , c al l s

w e re i nc lu d e d in A ud ib l e M ag i c 's s y st em , i s i t co rr e c t th a t t he y we re i nc lu d ed i n s o me t h in g t h at A u d ib le M ag ic c al le d t he s o un d tr ac k da ta b a se ? A. Q. Ye s. We re t he re a ny o t h er d a t a b as e s

i n A u d ib le M ag ic t ha t V i ac om f in ge r pr in t s w e re a dd ed t o? A. I be l i ev e a t t ha t ti me i t wa s a

m u si c da ta b a se a n d a s o u nd t r a ck d a ta ba s e , a n d o u r fi n g er pr i n ts w e r e in t he s o un d

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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111 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 11:29:48 11:29:37 11:29:27 11:29:05 11:28:40

L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E t r ac k da ta b a se . Q. Al l o f t he f in ge r p ri nt s a t

V i ac o m s up p l ie d t o A ud i b le M a g ic w o ul d h a ve a pp ea r e d in t he s o u nd t r a ck d a ta ba s e ? A. Q. Ye s. Wh y w a s it n ot u n t il t he s ec on d

q u ar t e r of 2 00 7 t h at V i a co m s t ar te d p r ov i d in g a c ce ss t o it s co nt e n t to Au di b l e M a gi c fo r f i ng er p r in ti n g ? A. Th er e wa s - - t ha t pr io r q u ar te r

w a s s p en t l o ok in g at t h e c om p a ny , l oo ki n g a t , y o u kn o w , ho w it w a s , it s t r ac t i o n w i th o th er c om pa n i es , t a lk in g to t h em . w a s a c tu al l y , yo u kn ow , th at w as f a ir ly t i me l y c lo s u re t o th at . Q. I' m s o rr y, I d id n ' t he a r t he It

l a st t hi ng y ou s a i d. A. I sa i d t ha t wa s f a ir ly t i m el y

w i th h ow w e fe lt a bo ut A ud ib l e M ag i c an d g o t t h em f i n ge rp r i nt s o r a cc e s s. Q. I' m s o rr y, w he n w a s th e f i rs t

c o nt a c t th a t V ia c o m ha d wi th A ud ib l e M a gi c ? M R . P L AT ZE R : Ob j e ct io n . As k e d

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E a n d a n sw er e d . A. Q. De ce m b er 2 0 0 6, I b el ie v e . So o n c e Vi a c om s t a rt ed p r o vi d i n g

a c ce s s t o c o nt en t to A u d ib le M ag ic , h ow d i d V i ac om d ec id e wh at c on te n t t o p ro vi d e ? A. We w o u ld - - we d e t er mi n e d it O ne w a s r ig h ts , d i d

t h ro u g h se v e ra l w a ys .

w e h a v e ri g h ts t o fi ng e r pr in t th at c o nt e n t. A n ot he r wa s p o pu la r i ty , h ow

p o pu l a r wa s th e c o nt en t . W h at w e di d n 't - - wh at w e di d n 't p r ov i d e wa s th in g s w e d i dn 't h av e r ig ht s to. Q. Wh at k in ds o f co n t en t w o u l d fa l l

i n to t ha t b u ck et ? A. I ca n ' t sa y wh at t yp es o f

c o nt e n t, s p e ci fi c a ll y, b ut t h e g en e ra l , I ' m n o t a l a wy er , bu t m y g en e r al u n de r s ta nd i n g of r ig ht s is y o u n ee d a c e rt a i n am o u nt o f ri gh t s i n o r de r t o be a b le t o fi n g er pr i n t th i s c on t e nt . Q. I se e . So t he se w er e wo r k s th a t

V i ac o m o wn e d i n c o nj un c t io n w i th s o me o t he r en ti t y ?

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E A. Yo u k n ow b e s t of t yp e sh o w s,

w h er e yo u m i gh t h a ve o t h er l i c en si n g or l i mi t a ti on s of w h a t we c an d o . An d y ou

w o ul d n 't - - I me a n w e w o ul dn ' t f in g er pr i n t t r ai l e rs a n d t hi n g s of t ha t n a tu re . Q. A. Wh y n o t? As id e fr om p ot en t i al r i g ht s

i s su e s , it ' s j us t no t s o me th i n g we f i ng e r pr in t e d. R e al ly , if w e ha d t he

r i gh t s a nd t he y w e re w i l li ng t o f i ng e r pr in t th em , we l e t t he m fi ng e rp ri n t a s I m um bl e so me m or e. If w e h a d th e

r i gh t s a nd i t wa s fa ir l y e as y to g i v e t h e m a c ce s s , th e y f in g e rp ri n t ed . Q. We re t he re a ny c o s t is s u e s

a s so c i at ed w it h A u di bl e Ma gi c ge ne r at i n g t h es e fi ng e r pr in t s ? A. Q. I do n ' t be l i ev e s o , no . So c o s t wa s n 't a r ea so n t h at

V i ac o m w ou l d n' t h a ve l e t a ud i b le f i ng e r pr in t mo re o f Vi a c om 's c on te n t? A. It w o u ld n' t be a c os t is s u e. It

w o ul d be a , yo u k n ow , a r e th e c y cl e s th a t w e a r e s pe n d in g f i ng er p r in ti n g b ei n g sp e n t

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E AFTERNOON ( T im e no te d : SESSION 1: 1 3 p .m . ) T he t im e i s

T H E V I DE OG R A PH ER : 1 : 13 p .m . LEE

W e ar e ba ck o n th e r e co rd .

L ' A R C H E V E S Q U E,

r e su m e d an d te st i f ie d a s f ol l o ws : E X AM I N AT IO N BY ( C o nt 'd . ) M R . W I LL EN : Q. So I w an te d to g o ba ck a n d j us t

c l ar i f y so m e th in g th at y ou s a i d ea r li er . I ha d as ke d yo u a qu es t i on a b o ut t h e au d i t w o rk t ha t V i ac om w as d o i ng t o lo ok a t h o w A u di b l e Ma g i c wa s wo rk i n g. A n d yo u s ai d

t h er e we re i ni ti a l ly s o m e ti m i ng c o nc er n s a s f a r a s w h en t h e c on t e nt w a s g et t i n g i d en t i fi ed a nd /o r bl oc k e d. I ju st wa s

c u ri o u s as t o wh a t , in p ar ti c u la r, yo u w e re r ef er r i ng t o . A. Wi th s om e o f t he i ni ti a l i Fi lm

s a mp l i ng , i t l oo k e d li k e t he - - it w a s t a ki n g l on g e r fo r th e c o nt en t to k i nd o f b e r e m ov ed f ro m t h e st a g in g a r ea t h an o t he r ti me s . I b e li ev e it w a s m ea s u r ed i n S o yo u

m i nu t e s, n o t hi ng m or e t h an t h a t.

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E w o ul d do a n up lo a d , an d it w o u ld e i t h er k i nd o f no t au to m a ti ca l l y, b u t i n a f ai r l y t i me l y f as h i on i t wo ul d go a w a y. I w ou l d

s a y c o py ri g h t in f r in ge m e nt , I do n' t r e me m b er w h a t th e ex ac t te xt w as , b ut t h er e wa s s o me t i m es w h e n th a t w ou l d ta k e a li t t le b i t l on g e r. Q. I se e . S o I w an t t o s wi t c h ge a r s no w a n d t a lk a b o ut t h e Y ou T u be f i n ge rp r in ti n g t e ch n o lo gy . A. Q. Ok ay . So w h e n di d Vi ac o m f ir s t b ec om e

a w ar e th at Y ou Tu b e w as d ev el o p in g i ts o w n f i ng e r pr in t i ng t e c hn ol o g y? A. Q. A. Fi rs t -- s e c on d q u ar te r o f 2 00 7 . Ho w d i d Vi a c om l e a rn t h a t ? I' m n o t su r e e xa c t ly . I b el ie v e

i t w a s l ea r n ed t h r ou gh M ik e F r ic kl a s. Q. An d t h is w a s b ef o r e th e Y o uT ub e

t e ch n o lo gy h ad a c t ua ll y la un c h ed , c or r e c t ? A. Q. Ye s. Di d Y o uT ub e in vi t e V ia c o m to

p a rt i c ip at e in a p il ot t es t o f t ha t

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E t e ch n o lo gy ? A. Ye s. We r e f er re d to i t a s a

b e ta t es t, b ut y e s . Q. Do y o u k no w wh en Y ou Tu b e ,

G o og l e , ma d e t he i nv it a t io n t o V ia c om t o p a rt i c ip at e in t h e b et a te st ? A. I do n ' t ex a c tl y, b ut I ' m

g u es s i ng i t ' s in t he s a m e ti m e f ra m e, s e co n d q ua r t er 2 0 0 7. Q. An d V i ac om , in f a c t, d i d e nd u p

p a rt i c ip at i n g in t ha t b e ta t e s t? A. Q. We d i d . Wh en w as t h e t es t i ng t h a t Vi ac o m

d i d o f t he Y ou Tu b e f in g e rp ri n t in g, wh en d i d t h at a c t ua ll y ta ke p la ce ? A. I do n ' t kn o w e xa c t ly , b u t it

w a s, i f I r e me mb e r c or r e ct ly , th er e w as a l i tt l e b it o f a d e la y w i th g e t ti ng t h e t e st p ro ce s s a nd t oo ls i n pl a c e an d t he m e th o d ol og y in p l a ce . I t wa s pr ob a bl y e n d

o f t h e s ec o n d qu a r te r, m ay be b eg in n in g o f t h e t h ir d q u ar te r 20 07 . Q. An d y o u, y o u rs el f , w er e i n vo l v e d

i n t h i s te s t in g, c or re c t ?

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E A. Q. A. Ye s. Wh at w as y o u r ro l e ? My t e a m' s r o le w a s t o wo r k w it h ,

y o u k n ow , B a ne H u n te r, w ho w e ta lk e d ab o u t b e fo r e , as w el l a s o ur i nf ra s t ru ct u re p e op l e t o w o rk o u t k in d of a u s e fu l a p pr o a ch o r a do a b le a p p ro ac h to t h e t e st i n g, m e a ni ng g et ti n g t he c on te n t an d t h e c o rr ec t ty pe , ge tt i n g th e i n fr a s tr uc t u re i n pl ac e to f a c il it a te t h e t e st i n g. A n d, o n th e B a ne s i d e, a l s o t o

t e st t he f i n ge rp r i nt in g to ol t ha t Y ou Tu b e h a d, m ea ni n g h ow y ou c o u ld f i n ge rp r in t y o ur o wn , c r ea te y ou r o w n fi n g er pr i nt . Q. A. Q. I se e . It w a s a c o m bi na t i on o f t h in gs . So c a n y ou j us t d e sc ri b e , so rt

o f a t a hi g h l ev e l o f g e ne ra l i ty , w h a t t h e t e st i n g me t h od ol o g y wa s ? A. Th er e wa s, d ur in g th e i n i t ia l

c o nv e r sa ti o n s, t h e re w a s a l o t o f k in d o f e x pl o r at or y qu es t i on s a r ou nd w ho s h ou l d d o t h e f i ng er p r in ti n g . i n te r n al ly . S h o ul d w e d o i t

O ur s ta nd a r d wo r k f lo w i s,

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E s l ig h t ly i n ei th e r t he r es ol u t io n o f th e s c re e n o r t h e ro t a ti on , so me s ou nd v a ri a b le s, t hi ng s of t h a t na t u re . Th en

t h ey w er e u p lo ad e d t o t h e sy s t em t o s ee i f t h e m a tc hi n g w ou l d t ak e pl ac e . Q. We re t he re m ul ti p l e ro u n ds o f

t e st i n g th a t V ia c o m di d , a s p a rt o f t hi s p r oc e s s? A. I th i n k th e te st i nv ol v e d B u t I t h in k i t wa s

s e ve r a l ro u n ds , y e s.

p a rt o f th e sa me t es t, i f I r e c a ll c o rr e c tl y. Q. An d d i d yo u se e d i ff er e n t

r e su l t s, a s th e t e st w e n t on ? A. r e su l t s. Q. A. Ye ah . T he r e w er e di ff e r e n t

Y e s, t h e re w e r e. Ho w w e re t h e y di f f er en t ? Th er e wa s s o me a n o ma li e s i n, y o u

k n ow , th e m i ni mu m le ng t h o f c l ip t h at w a s r e qu i r ed i n or de r to g e t a m a t ch . T h at And

s e em e d t o c h an ge t hr ou g h ou t t h e te s t.

b e ca u s e of t ha t, t he m a t ch in g re su l ts a l s o c h an g e d. Q. So rr y , w ha t do y o u m ea n , " th e

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E m a tc h i ng r e s ul ts a ls o c h an ge d " ? A. We ll , th e f e el in g wa s t h a t t he

t o ol m ig ht h av e c h an ge d a li t t le d u ri ng t h e t e st in g . An d wh il e it m a y h av e b ee n

a c ce p t in g, s ay , a 15 -s e c on d c l ip , t he b a r s e em e d t o m o ve t h r ou gh o u t th e te st an d e n d u p a l it tl e hi gh e r . S o t h e f ee l i ng w a s , I t h in k i t w a s, I d on ' t r em e m be r t h e re s u lt s s p ec i f ic al l y , bu t I th i n k it e nd ed up b e in g se t t o 3 0 s e co nd s , s o a 3 0 -s e c o nd m i ni m u m in o rd er t o ge n e ra te a m at c h. Q. Di d y o u ac t u al ly c om mu n i ca te

w i th p eo pl e at G o o gl e o r Y ou T u be a b ou t t h at i ss ue ? A. We w e r e co m m un ic a t in g w i th f o l k s

a t Y o u Tu be a t th e be gi n n in g, h ea vi l y. D u ri n g t he m id dl e it w a s n ot a l ot o f c o mm u n ic at i o n. A n d to b e ho n e st w i th y o u ,

I do n ' t kn o w e xa c t ly w h a t wa s co mm u ni ca t e d b a ck t o th e m . w i th t he m. Q. Do y o u k no w fo r a fa ct , o n e wa y B u t t he r e w as i n t er a c t io n s

o r a n o th er , wh et h e r th e to ol a ct ua l ly

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E c h an g e d du r i ng t h e t es t pr oc e s s? A. Q. I ca n ' t sa y fo r s u re , no . No w, a t th e en d o f t he t e s t yo u

p r ep a r ed a w ri tt e n r ep o r t? A. Q. I di d . Wa s i t j us t th e o n e re po r t , or

w e re t he re m ul ti p l e re p o rt s t h at y o u p r ep a r ed ? A. r e po r t . Q. Ok ay . L et ' s j us t lo ok a t it , s o Fr om m y gr o u p th e r e wa s o n e

w e a r e t al k i ng a b o ut t h e s am e th in g . ( L 'A r c he ve s q ue E x h ib it 1 8, d o cu m e nt p r o du ce d by V i a co m, B at es n u mb e r s VI A 0 19 22 2 9 0, m a r ke d f o r i d en t i fi ca t i on , a s o f t h is d a t e. ) M R . W I LL EN : T hi s is 1 8 . Th i s

i s a d oc um e n t pr o d uc ed b y Vi a c om w i th t h e B a te s n u mb er s VI A0 1 9 22 29 0 . A. Q. Ok ay . So t h i s is t he r e p or t th a t y ou r

g r ou p pr ep a r ed ? A. Q. Ye s. Ot he r th an t hi s r e po rt , o r

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E A. Ye s. Th at ' s w he r e w e

f i ng e r pr in t in te r n al ly , ou ts i d e of ou r s t an d a rd w o r k fl o w s, a n d p ro v i de t h os e f i ng e r pr in t s , ye s . Q. I se e . Ok a y .

S o w h e n di d Vi ac o m f ir s t s ta r t p r ov i d in g Y o uT ub e wi th a cc es s to V i ac om c o nt e n t, f o r p ur p o se s o f f in g e rp ri n ti n g ? A. Q. Ea rl y 20 00 - - ea r l y Q2 , 2 0 08 . So h a s V ia c o m pr o v id ed Y o u Tu b e

w i th a cc es s to a l l V ia c o m co n t en t i n e x is t e nc e f o r fi n g er pr i n ti ng o r on l y a s u bs e t o f V i ac om c on te n t ? A. No t a l l th e co nt e n t in

e x is t e nc e, n o. Q. Wh at a re t h e c at e g or ie s o f

V i ac o m c on t e nt t h a t Vi a c om h a s m ad e a v ai l a bl e t o Y ou T u be f o r f in g e rp ri n ti n g ? A. Q. Pr im a r il y, t he D T O l ib r a ry . Wh en y ou s a y " th e DT O li b r ar y, "

w h at e xa ct l y a re y ou r e f er ri n g t o? A. Do wn l o ad t o ow n l i br ar y . It 's a

l i br a r y of c on te n t m ad e up o f , y ou k n ow , m o re r ec en t ty pe c on te n t , th e mo re po pu l a r

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E c o nt e n t th a t w e u s e fo r , y ou k no w, w i th o t he r co mp a n ie s t h at w e di st r i bu te ou r c o nt e n t to . Q. Do es t ha t D T O li b r ar y i n c l ud e

e v er y Vi ac o m t el e v is io n sh ow t ha t' s a ir e d s i nc e Q2 , 2 0 08 ? A. Q. I do n ' t kn o w f or s ur e. Bu t i s t he r e a ny c on te n t i n th a t

l i br a r y, t h a t so r t o f o l de r c o nt en t ? A. Q. Th er e is s o m e, y e s . No w, a re y o u f am i l ia r w i t h t he

t e rm w or k- i n -s ui t or W o r ks In S u it ? A. Q. Ye s. Wh at i s yo u r u nd e r st an d i ng o f

w h at t ha t t e rm m e a ns ? A. It 's m y un d e rs ta n d in g t h at

W o rk s I nS ui t ar e t h e pi e c es o f co nt e nt t h a t a r e n o te d a s p ar t of t h i s ca s e . l e ga l in ep t i tu de . Q. So h a s V ia c o m pr o v id ed e v e ry o n e P ar d on m y

o f t h e W or k s In Su i t t o Y o uT ub e , f or p u rp o s es o f al lo w i ng Y o u Tu be t o cr e at e f i ng e r pr in t s ? A. No . T he y a r e se p a ra te w o r k

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E f l ow s . I t h in k w e a re b et we e n 7 5 an d 8 0

p e rc e n t of t he W o r ks In S u it b e i ng f i ng e r pr in t e d. T h os e a r e se p a ra te ki nd We

o f - - th os e ar e s e pa ra t e w or k fl ow s .

h a ve t he w o r k fl o w t ha t ki nd o f dr i v e s o u r d a y- t o -d ay f in ge r p ri nt i n g, t h e n we ha v e t h is o th er w or k f l ow w h i ch - - re la t ed t o t h is l it ig a t io n i n g en e r al , I gu es s . t h er e ' s no t co mp l e te o v e rl ap a t th i s p o in t . Q. So j u s t to u nd er s t an d t h e So

t e st i m on y, t he re ' s a s p e ci fi c , s ep a ra t e w o rk f lo w t h at r e l at es t o cr e a ti ng or h a vi n g f in g e rp ri n t s cr e a te d o f t he W o rk s I nS ui t in p a r ti cu l a r? M R . P L AT ZE R : Ob j e ct io n .

M i sc h a ra ct e r iz es t he w i t ne ss ' s t e st i m on y. M R . W I LL EN : c h ar a c te ri z i ng . u n de r s ta nd . A. No . T he re ' s o ur s ta nd a r d I 'm r ea ll y no t I 'm t r y in g t o

d a y- t o -d ay p ro du c t io n w o rk f l o ws f o r f i ng e r pr in t i ng c a r ry o n th at a re i n p la c e

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L ' AR C H EV ES Q U E t o da y . Th e r e' s t h is o t h er w o r k fl o w th a t

i s r e l at ed t o th i s l it i g at io n th at p o pu l a te s t h e Wo r k sI nS u i t li s t . A n d th a t

o v er l a p is w he re t he f i n ge rp r i nt in g w ou l d e x is t . Q. A. So I ' m n ot s ur e I un de rs t a nd . We h a v e 80 p er ce n t c ov e r a g e on

t h e f i ng er p r in ts t hr ou g h o ur s ta nd a rd f i ng e r pr in t i ng w o r k fl o w . Q. So t h e t es t i mo ny i s th a t 8 0

p e rc e n t, s o m et hi n g l ik e 75 t o 80 - A. Q. 75 t o 80 . -- o f th e W o rk sI n S ui t h a v e b ee n

p r ov i d ed t o Yo uT u b e fo r fi ng e r pr in t in g ? A. y e s. M R . P L AT ZE R : An d as I s ta te d To o u r f in g e rp ri n t in g v e nd or s ,

b e fo r e , th e r e' s s o me w r i tt en d is co v er y o n i t s w ay . O nc e th at ' s c om p l et e, w e

w i ll s or t o f h av e ac tu a l n um b e rs o n t h is . A t t h i s po i n t he ' s t es t i fy in g g e ne r a l ca t e go ri e s a nd h is g e n er al a w ar e n es s.

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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Schapiro Exhibit 143

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From: Sent: To: Cc:

[e-mail] Tuesday, October 31,20064:23 PM Mark M. Ishikawa paramount_cc; Lawrence Low

Subject: RE: YouTube 25 All Protocol Thanks, Mark. Even a preliminary report before noon your time on thursday would be great.

From: Mark M. Ishikawa [mailto:[e-mail]] Sent: Tuesday, October 31, 2006 10:36 AM To: Hallie, Michelena Cc: paramount_cc; Lawrence Low Subject: RE: YouTube 25 All Protocol Michelena, The spreadsheet is for the analysis project which is *not* the project we are executing for you at this point. Your reporting is as we are delivering unless there are changes you want us to make. The spreadsheet is for the project described on page 17 I'm hoping that we can have some data for you by Thursday, but you won't have a more comprehensive report till next week. Theres a lot of stuff to crawl on MySpace and I don't think we can cover it all in a week. Mark BTW: We have tested the Audible Magic technology for video clips. We have not found it to be very effective in video content recognition. The other point is that they will have to fingerprint each episode and count each episode as part of their 1000 unit filtering deal. MTVN could easily go through 1000 assets on their own.

From: [e-mail] Sent: Tuesday, October 31, 2006 6: 13 AM To: Mark M. Ishikawa Cc: paramounCcc Subject: RE: YouTube 25 All Protocol Just want to make sure we're clear here. I can't say I understand everything on this spread sheet but we want the enforcement analysis not the more expensive and inclusive analysis. Is that what this is for? It's the one at $20,000 per month at page 18 of your report. And on the MySpace front, do you know when we'll be getting the initial report? I'm leaving early on thursday and will be out on friday. I'd love to circulate it beforehand if possible. Thanks, Mark.

From: Mark M. Ishikawa [mailto:[e-mail]] Sent: Tuesday, October 31,20063:04 AM To: Hallie, Michelena Cc: paramount_cc Subject: RE: YouTube 25 All Protocol Michelena, The MySpace crawlers went into testing today, and should be ready to go Tuesday or Wednesday. I think I mentioned the implementation dates last week when we spoke. Sorry if I didn't.

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I.m going to attach the spreadsheet for the video threat analysis project. This is only the data we are going to be reporting, and is not in a presentation format yet. This is something you may want to share with the business side. Thanks Mark

From: [e-mail] Sent: Monday, October 30, 2006 5:22 PM To: Courtney Nieman Cc: Mark M. Ishikawa; Evelyn Espinosa; Deana Arizala Subject: Re: YouTube 25 All Protocol

It should be all programs being tracked on youtube which will be a changing list. So Thave authorization to add the extra programs to the

budget. Does this mean we aren't getting a report on my space before the end of the week? Since I had authorized that over a week ago I was hoping to get that report earlier. As for what the reports should look like let's have them follow your standard format at least initially - which I assume has the same info we are getting on youtube. We can customize it as we get more into the process. -----Original Message----From: Courtney Nieman <[e-mail]> To Hallie, Michelena CC: Mark M. Ishikawa <marki@,baytsp.com>; Evelyn Espinosa <[e-mail]>; Deana Arizala <[e-mail]> Sent: Mon Oct 30 20: 15:452006 Subject: YouTube 25 All Protocol Michelena, We have one more project to get underway for you. You and Mark worked out a 25 program list for us to do our traditional Tracking and Enforcement on all P2P and non P2P protocols. You also mentioned a couple specific web sites you want us to track. So, of the 42+ CUITent shows we are tracking for Viacom, can you tell me which 25 programs you want us to put in the list? Also, please send along any information that you feel would help direct the kind of reports you are looking for, what kind of questions do you want answered? Statistics that you need us to gather. Etc. We are just coming out of an upgrade to our system, so we can get this in place and up and running by EOB tomOITOW and deliver a preliminary report by the end of the week. with weekly reporting to begin next week. Looking foward to helping you protect your property.

Comtney Nieman Manager Client Services BayTSP, Inc. 408-341-2314 AIM: BayTSPCanne IIave you checked out BayTSP's Piracy news web log? httpllwww.baytsp.com/weblog

The information contained in this email message may be confidential and is intended only for the parties to whom it is addressed. If you are not the intended recipient or an agent of same, please notify us of the mistake by telephone [phone]) or email and delete the message from your system. Please do not copy the message or distribute it to anyone.

6/11/2008 HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL BAYTSP 001125858

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Schapiro Exhibit 144

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From: Sent: To: Cc: Subject:

Mark M. Ishikawa Tuesday, November 21, 2006 7:11 AM [e-mail] Evelyn Espinosa; Arielle Kim RE: Some follow ups

PRIVILEGED PREPARED ON REQUEST OF COUNSEL Client Memo Fingerprinting technologies BayTSP has been in the process of evaluating the various automated content detection systems available today. The two basic types of technologies are Audio Fingerprinting and Video Fingerprinting. We continuously work with the different vendors in this space to identify new technologies for our customers and help the content detection companies improve their products. Audio Fingerprinting technologies have been available for several years and have a reasonable success rate when the comparison content is a direct rip from the source media. The success rate is significantly higher when comparing music versus audio from television or movie content. Utilizing this technology on non music content ex: television or movies has not produced an acceptable level of results. The video technologies we have tested have serious scalability issues, and have a low success rate when trying to identify smaller segments « 15 minute clips). Another factor that reduces the success rate of the technologies is when the comparison video is lower quality (low frame rate, camcorder copy, reduced image resolution). The systems we have evaluated slow down significantly as the number of source fingerprints increase. We do not see this to be a viable option until a breakthrough in technology or major increase in computing power is achieved. Audio Fingerprint companies: Audible Magic Relatable Advestigo Video Fingerprint companies: Advestigo (French) David Saymed Technology (French) Thompson (French) remarketed Advestigo technology NTT (Japanese)

HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL

BAYTSP 003820301

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Schapiro Exhibit 145

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1

U N IT E D S T A T E S D IS T R I C T C O U R T FO R TH E SO UTHE RN DI STRI CT O F NEW YOR K

) ) ) ) ) ) P l ai n t if f s , ) ) vs . ) N O. 0 7- C V - 21 0 3 ) Y O UT U B E, I N C . , YO U T U B E , L L C , ) a n d G O OG L E , I N C ., ) ) D e fe n d an t s . ) _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) ) T H E F O OT B A L L A S SO C I A T I O N P R E M I E R ) L E AG U E L I M I T E D , B O U R N E C O . , e t a l . , ) o n b e h al f o f t h em s e l v e s a n d a l l ) o t he r s s i m i l a r l y s i t u a t e d , ) ) P l ai n t if f s , ) vs . ) N O. 0 7- C V - 35 8 2 ) Y O UT U B E, I N C . , YO U T U B E , L L C , a n d ) G O OG L E , I N C . , ) ) D e fe n d an t s . ) _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ) V I DE O T AP E D D E P O SI T I O N O F K E N T W A L K E R P A LO A LT O , C A L I FO R N I A T H UR S D AY , D E C E M BE R 1 7 , 2 0 0 9 B Y : A ND R E A M . IG N A C I O H O W A R D , C S R , R P R , C LR C S R L I CE N S E N O . 9 8 3 0 JO B NO . 18 312

V I AC O M I N T E R N A T IO N A L , I N C . , C O M E D Y P A RT N E RS , C O U N T RY M U S I C . T E LE V I SI O N , I N C ., P A R A M O U N T P I CT U R ES C O R P O R AT I O N , a n d B L A C K E N TE R T AI N M E N T T EL E V I S I O N , L L C ,

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DE CEMB ER 17, 2 009
2

9: 05 a .m .
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

V I D E O T A P E D D E P O S I T I O N O F K E N T W A L K ER , MA YER BR OWN, T wo Pa lo Alt o Squa re, S ui te 3 00 , P a l o A l t o , C a l i f o r n i a , p u r s u a n t t o n o t i c e, a n d b e f o r e m e , A N D R E A M . I G N A C I O H O W A R D, C L R , R P R , CR R, C SR Lic en se No . 9830 .

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

A P P E A R A N C E S:

F O R T H E P L A I N T I F F S V I A CO M I N T E R N A T I O N A L , I N C . : J EN NE R & BL OC K, L LP B y: M I CH A E L D E S A N C T I S , E s q . S A R A H M AG U I R E , E s q . 1 0 9 9 N e w Y o r k A v e n u e , NW , S u i t e 9 0 0 W a s h i n g to n , D . C . 2 0 0 0 1 ( 2 0 2 ) 6 39 - 6 0 0 0 m d e s a n ct i s @ j e n n e r . c o m

F OR T HE E NG LI SH P RE MI E R LE AG UE : P R O S K A U ER R O S E , L L P B y: GI L N. P EL ES , Es q .

2 0 4 9 C e nt u r y P a r k E a s t , S u i t e 3 2 0 0 L o s A n g el e s , C a l i f o r n i a 9 0 0 6 7 - 3 2 0 6 ( 3 1 0 ) 2 84 - 5 6 1 1 g p e l e s @p r o s k a u e r . c o m

F O R T H E D E F E N D A N T S Y O U TU B E , I N C . , Y O U T U B E , L L C a n d G OO GL E, I NC .: M A Y E R B RO W N , L L P B y: A N DR E W H . S C H A P I R O, E s q .

1 6 7 5 B r oa d w a y N e w Y o r k, N e w Y o r k 1 0 0 19 ( 2 1 2 ) 5 06 - 2 1 4 6 a s c h a p ir o @ m a y e r . c o m

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

APPEARANCES

( C o n ti n u ed . )

A L SO P RE S E N T :

C a t he r i ne L ac a v e r a , G o o g l e , I n c . S t ew a r t P e t t i g r e w , V i d eo g r ap h e r .

- - -o O o -- -

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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37 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 09:51:21 09:51:23 09:51:26 09:51:28 09:51:31 09:51:34 09:51:37 09:51:41 09:51:42 09:51:45 09:51:47 09:51:49 09:51:53 09:52:03 09:52:07 09:52:10 09:52:12 09:52:16 09:52:21 09:52:24 09:52:25 09:52:27 09:52:29 09:52:31

WALKER, KENT current practices with the Google Video time with r eg ar d to cop yr i gh t, s o I ca n a ff ir ma ti ve ly te ll y ou my understanding of what the YouTube team is doing, w hi ch I 'v e ju st do ne . I r ea lly c an 't c om me n t on w ha t

the Google Video team is doing, other than to know that, at one point in the past, they were doing manual r ev ie w of , I be l ie ve , ev er y pie ce o f co nt en t t ha t wa s being uploaded. MR. DESANCTIS: Ok ay . I a pp rec ia te t ha t

clarification, and -- and I want to clar- -- clarify i t on e fu rthe r. Q I s it you r - - wh at i s yo ur un de rs ta nd i ng

today whether there is any manual review of -- for potentially infringing content on the YouTube site? A I f by -- b y "m an ua l re vi ew" w e me an

individuals going out and proactively looking for things that might be unauthorized, I don't believe we do or could do that, because we can't know the status o f wh et he r or n o t so me th in g' s a ut ho ri ze d by ju st l oo ki ng a t it . Q O ka y. Wh a t I wa s re fe rr ing t o by " ma n ua l

r ev ie w" i s ac tu a ll y wh at ev er yo u we re r ef er r in g to b y "manual" -- by "manual review" -A Y es .

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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38 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 09:52:31 09:52:33 09:52:34 09:52:34 09:52:36 09:52:39 09:52:44 09:52:47 09:52:51 09:52:54 09:52:56 09:52:59 09:53:01 09:53:04 09:53:08 09:53:11 09:53:14 09:53:20 09:53:31 09:53:33 09:53:49 09:54:17 09:54:25 09:54:28

WALKER, KENT Q - - wi th r e sp ec t to w ha t hap - -- w ha t

o cc ur re d, a t le a st a t so me p oin t -A Q A Y es . - - on the Go og le V id eo s ite . S o th e Go o gl e Vi de o, I b eli ev e, a nd t h is i s

b ef or e my tim e w it h th e co mp any , an d I ha ve ve ry little understanding of this, so this is -- this is, i n la rg e, ret ro s pe ct iv e; b ut my u nd er st an di n g was th at the Google Video team was -- had human beings looking a t ea ch p iece o f c on te nt b ef ore i t wa s up lo a de d. w as f or a var ie t y of p ur po se s, in cl ud in g av o id ing pornography, hate speech, other kinds of things. T ha t ma y have i n cl ud ed a tt em pti ng t o d et er mi ne w he th e r co nt en t wa s a ut ho ri ze d or no t, b ut I think that, if they were doing that, they probably would have given up fairly quickly because it's -i t' s an i mpos si b le t as k. Q A W hy d o yo u s ay " it 's a n imp os si bl e ta s k" ? B ec au se o n ly t he c on te nt ow ne r ca n kn ow Th at

w he th er o r no t t he c on te nt i s a ut ho ri ze d. Q D o yo u re c al l th er e ev er ha vi ng b ee n a ny

d is cu ss io n as t o w he th er G oo gle , In c. , sh ou l d -should engage in some form of manual review for potentially copyright infringing works on YouTube?

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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39 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 09:54:32 09:54:34 09:54:42 09:54:43 09:54:45 09:54:45 09:54:46 09:54:47 09:54:48 09:54:49 09:54:51 09:54:53 09:54:57 09:54:58 09:55:25 09:55:29 09:55:31 09:55:32 09:55:36 09:55:37 09:55:37 09:55:39 09:55:39 09:55:40

W AL KE R, K EN T M R . S C H AP I R O : t i m e f r am e . M R . D E S AN C T I S : a n d i f yo u d o r e c a l l - T H E W I T NE S S : M R . D E S AN C T I S : T H E W I T NE S S : M R . D E S AN C T I S : T H E W I T NE S S : t ha t. Y es . - - an y d is cu ss io ns - I - - I d on ' t r e c a l l . - - w e ca n a s k f u r t h e r . I d o n ' t re c a l l d i s c u s s i o n s o f I ' m a s ki n g a n y - - a n y t i m e , O b j e c t i on ; v a g u e ; o v e r b r o a d ;

I w a s - - I w a s tr y i n g t o s o r t o u t w h e t h e r o r

n o t t h e re w e r e e v e n a n y p r i v i l e g e d c o n v e r s a t i o n s i n t h e c o n te x t o f t h i s c a se , a n d I d o n ' t b e l i e v e I h a d t h o s e c on v e r s a t i o n s . M R . D E S AN C T I S : Q O ka y. L et m e ju st .. .

A r e y o u f a m i l i a r w it h Y o u - - w h a t ' s k n o w n a s

c o m m u n i ty f l a g g i n g t o o ls o n Y o u T u b e ? A Q G e n er a l l y , y e s . C a n y o u d e s c r i b e g en e r a l l y y o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g

o f th em - A Q p ag e? A N o, t ha t -- t ha t' s f in e. I ' v e n o t u s e d t h e m m y s el f , s o I d o n ' t k n o w S u r e. - - ju s t s o I ' m s u r e t h a t w e ' r e o n t h e s a m e

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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WALKER, KENT A I t' s appr o xi ma te ly t hr ee ye ar s ag o no w, so

the chronology, in my mind, is not as clear as it c ou ld b e. Q A U nd er stoo d. B ut I rem e mb er a c ou pl e of co nv er sa ti on s w it h

Mr. Fricklas about our continuing efforts to ensure that unauthorized content was not on the YouTube site. Our work to -- was ongoing at the time to implement both Audible Magic or continuing the implementation of Audible Magic and to develop our own tools to address these issues, which we thought would extend to -- to video content and be better than tools that are out there in the marketplace, and I remember him raising concerns about when this would happen. T ha t w as - -

t ha t wa s the ge n er al b ac k an d f or th o f th e conversation. Q J us t to b e c le ar , ar e -- ar e yo u su gg e st in g

t ha t yo u offe re d i mp le me nt in g A ud ib le M ag ic fo r V ia co m? A N o, I bel i ev e Au di bl e Ma gic w as a lr ea dy be in g

implemented on the YouTube site at the time of this conversation, but that it was focused on audio content, rather than the video content that would have b ee n mo st -- of mo st i nt er es t t o Vi ac om .

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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WALKER, KENT Q D o yo u kn o w wh et he r yo u eve r of fe re d t he

Audible Magic feature to Viacom? A T he - - th e c on ve rs at io n I h ad w it h

Mr. Fricklas was about our development of video tools, w hi ch w e had ju s t st ar te d to pu t Go og le e ng i ne er s against, and we had some very accomplished search engineers at Google, and this is essentially a search problem, because you're -- the creation of content identification requires a creation of a -- of a vast database of information against, which you need to search extraordinarily quickly, and in -- with regard t o a lo t of t r an sm ut at io ns o f c on te nt , so i t 's - - it 's a remarkably complicated search, an algorithmic p ro ce ss . W e ha d so me o f t he b es t pe op le in t he w or ld doing that, and we were in the process of trying to r ea ll y di g in to th e pr ob le m. The problem is -- is

difficult for music and even harder for video content because video content, which typically also has audio content associated with it, is much richer and larger, s o yo u ha ve a -- a n ex po ne nt ial ly l ar ge r da t ab as e th at you need to search against essentially, and you need t o do t hi s in a re ma rk ab ly s hor t am ou nt o f t im e. S o th at t he - - t he e ar ly a ss ess me nt s th at w e

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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WALKER, KENT were getting, as early as January and February that y ea r, w as tha t i t mi gh t ta ke da ys , ho ur s -- ho ur s or d ay s to - - to ru n a se ar ch o f a g iv en p ie c e of c onte nt against that database. That astonishingly in the course of six m on th s wa s re du c ed t o a ma tt er of s ec on ds s o t ha t it wouldn't interfere with the user upload. S o t his wa s

the conversation I was having with Mr. Fricklas and -and separately with Mr. Braverman, Allen Braverman, who is the general counsel of -- of The Walt Disney Company, with regard to our efforts to -- to implement these kinds of tools. Q I 'm s orry . Yo u sp ok e ab out a n as se ss m en t or

Google getting assessments in early January, that it w ou ld t ak e ho ur s o r da ys t o run s ea rc he s ag a in st a given piece of content. A I d on 't w a nt t o be p re ci se on t he t im e . I 'm

not sure that's exactly what I said, or if it was, let m e co rr ec t it . My understanding was that we were reviewing i n ea rl y 2007 , a nd I d on 't k now w he th er t ha t w as J an ua ry o r Fe br u ar y, I n ee d to lo ok m or e cl o se ly , o r -- o r if t h er e ar e ot he r doc um en ts t ha t w ou ld r ef re sh a rec ol l ec ti on , th at wo ul d be g re at , b ut w e

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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WALKER, KENT were starting to study the problem of very high volume search in video and how to implement Content ID in that framework. So when I say "we," it was primarily

engineering teams from YouTube and Google or -- or a combined team working on this project. The concern was that the existing products on the marketplace were -- would not scale to a platform of YouTube's size even then, and it's become significantly larger since, and would not do a very g oo d jo b. Would -- there would be a lot of problems It w ou ld

in separating wheat from chaff.

substantially comprise or destroy the user experience i f a us er had to w ai t fo r ho urs o r da ys b e fo re t hey could upload or see a video, and that the technology w as - - wa s bu gg y , an d we t ho ugh t we c ou ld d o a substantially superior job, both for -- for video and f or a ud io . Q A nd - - bu t d ur in g th at t ime Y ou Tu be w a s us in g

Audible Magic; correct? A I b el ieve th at Y ou Tu be h ad be en u si ng Au di bl e I don't

M ag ic , as of th a t ti me , an d per ha ps e ar li er . k no w wh en the y w ou ld h av e st art ed d oi ng t ha t . Q

A ud ib le M a gi c is a n au di o f in ge rp ri nt in g

technology?

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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WALKER, KENT A I t is . T h at 's m y un de rs tan di ng . W el l , it - -

i t' s a -- I'm no t su re w he th er th at 's t he c o mp an y or t he - - th e br an d n am e fo r th e c om pa ny 's t oo l , bu t g en er al ly , ye s. Q A nd d o yo u r ec al l, i n th ese c on ve rs at io n s, i n

early 2007 with Mr. Fricklas, whether you ever offered to implement the Audible Magic fingerprinting for V ia co m? A I d on 't r e me mb er o ne w ay or t he o th er wi th Wh at we d id o ff er to

r eg ar d to Aud ib l e Ma gi c.

implement was a much better audio and video content identification system for not just Viacom, but for all o f th e co nten t p ro vi de rs . Q W el l, but th at - - wh at y ou' re c al li ng a

better solution didn't exist in February and January o f 20 07 ; did it ? A N ot i n th e f ul ly f or me d sha pe t ha t it ha d si x

months later, no. Q A Q S o Go ogle wa s de ve lo pi ng it a t th at t i me ? C or re ct. A nd w hile Go og le w as d ev elo pi ng t ha t --

while -- while Google was developing its own systems, it was also using Audible Magic at the time; correct? MR. SCHAPIRO: O bj ec ti on ; as ked a nd a ns we re d .

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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W AL KE R, K EN T T H E W I T NE S S : A s I - - ag a i n , I - - I b e l i e v e

t h a t Y o uT u b e h a d b e g u n u s i n g A u d i b l e M a g i c f o r a u d i o c on te nt , at s om e po in t i n ti me , pr io r to t h e J a n u a r y /F e b r u a r y d a t e th a t w e ' r e t a l k i n g a b o u t h e r e . M R . D E S AN C T I S : Q. A n d du ri ng t ha t

J a n u a r y /F e b r u a r y t i m e , y o u d i d n o t o f f e r t h e A u d i b l e M a g i c s ol u t i o n t o V i a c om ; c o r r e c t ? A I -M R . S C H AP I R O : O b j e c t i on ; a s k e d a n d a n s w e r e d ;

m i s c h a r ac t e r i z e s t h e t es t i m o n y . T H E W I T NE S S : M R . D E S AN C T I S : Y ea h. W el l, I -- I d on 't w ant to --

I a c t u a ll y d o n ' t m e a n to b e m i s c h a r a c t e r i z i n g t h e - T H E W I T NE S S : M R . D E S AN C T I S : N o , t h a t 's f i n e . - - t e s ti m o n y a t a l l .

Y o u s a i d t h a t y o u o f f e re d s o m e t h i n g b e t t e r , w h i c h w as s t i l l u n d e r de v e l o p m e n t . Q M y qu e s t i o n i s , d u ri n g t h a t t i m e o f

d e v e l o p me n t , d i d y o u o ff e r t h e m t h e u s e o f A u d i b l e M ag ic i n th e me an ti me ? A R i g ht . S o th er e -- t he re a re a nu mb er o f la yers t he re t o pe el b ac k. Q S u r e.

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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WALKER, KENT A O ne , I ha v e no i de a wh at ot he r pe op le --

t he re w er e a nu m be r of p eo pl e i n th e co mp an y w ho w er e engaged with Viacom in a whole variety of context that I 'm n ot f amil ia r w it h. Q A o ff er ed . U nd er stoo d. S o I don' t k no w wh at t he y m ay o r ma y n ot h av e W it h r eg ar d to m y con ve rs at io n wi t h

Mr. Fricklas, I don't remember whether Audible Magic came up, I don't remember whether he asked for it, I don't remember whether I offered it or didn't offer i t. I ju st d o n' t re ca ll . T he r ea so n fo r t ha t wa s th at it w as a nd s ti l l i s my u nd erst an d in g th at A ud ibl e Ma gi c is m o re - while it's not a great tool, it relatively is more s ui te d fo r au di o c on te nt , mu sic c on te nt , pr i ma rily , t ha n is f or v id e o co nt en t. In part because of the --

the reasons we talked about before, that video is much more information dense, it's a much harder search problem, and that the -- the Audible Magic technology hadn't evolved in a way that would make it usable or u se fu l fo r Vi ac o m to - - to i mpl em en t. There's another distinction as well, which i s, m us ic con te n t is p er ha ps un iq ue ly l eg al l y comp le x b ec au se o f th e n um be r of o ve rla pp in g an d so m et imes

DAVID FELDMAN WORLDWIDE, INC. 450 Seventh Avenue - Ste 2803, New York, NY 10123 [phone]

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WALKER, KENT inconsistent rights associated with it. Th e re are a

wide number of different rights that are owned by the p er fo rm er , th e c re at or , th e -- th e pu bl is he r s, the labels, the collecting societies in Europe, et cetera, and each of those entities can own multiple rights, which sometimes align